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Alshammari MA, Alshehri AO, Alqahtani F, Khan MR, Bakhrebah MA, Alasmari F, Alshammari TK, Alsharari SD. Increased Permeability of the Blood-Brain Barrier in a Diabetic Mouse Model ( Leprdb/db Mice). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7768. [PMID: 39063010 PMCID: PMC11276738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is linked to multiple complications, including cognitive impairment, and the prevalence of memory-related neurodegenerative diseases is higher in T2DM patients. One possible theory is the alteration of the microvascular and macrovascular environment of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this study, we employed different approaches, including RT-PCR, functional pharmacokinetic studies using sodium fluorescein (NaFL), and confocal microscopy, to characterize the functional and molecular integrity of the BBB in a T2DM animal model, leptin receptor-deficient mutant mice (Leprdb/db mice). As a result, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, MMP-9, and S100b (BBB-related markers) dysregulation was observed in the Leprdb/db animal model compared to littermate wild-type mice. The brain concentration of sodium fluorescein (NaFL) increased significantly in Leprdb/db untreated mice compared to insulin-treated mice. Therefore, the permeability of NaFL was higher in Leprdb/db control mice than in all remaining groups. Identifying the factors that increase the BBB in Leprdb/db mice will provide a better understanding of the BBB microvasculature and present previously undescribed findings of T2DM-related brain illnesses, filling knowledge gaps in this emerging field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musaad A. Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (M.R.K.); (F.A.); (T.K.A.); (S.D.A.)
| | - Abdulaziz O. Alshehri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Graduate Student), Pharmacy College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Faleh Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (M.R.K.); (F.A.); (T.K.A.); (S.D.A.)
| | - Mohammad R. Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (M.R.K.); (F.A.); (T.K.A.); (S.D.A.)
| | - Muhammed A. Bakhrebah
- Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fawaz Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (M.R.K.); (F.A.); (T.K.A.); (S.D.A.)
| | - Tahani K. Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (M.R.K.); (F.A.); (T.K.A.); (S.D.A.)
| | - Shakir D. Alsharari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (M.R.K.); (F.A.); (T.K.A.); (S.D.A.)
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Ma X, Cao F, Cui J, Li X, Yin Z, Wu Y, Wang Q. Orexin B protects dopaminergic neurons from 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced neurotoxicity associated with reduced extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:669. [PMID: 38787465 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09587-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) is a major pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). Orexin B (OXB) has been reported to promote the growth of DA neurons. However, the roles of OXB in the degeneration of DA neurons still remained not fully clear. METHODS An in vivo PD model was constructed by administrating 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in mice. Pole test was performed to investigate the motor function of mice and the number of DA neurons was detected by immunofluorescence (IF). A PD cell model was established by treating SH-SY5Y cells with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). OXB was added to the culture medium 2 h after MPP + treatment. Microscopic analysis was carried out to investigate the function of OXB in the cell model of PD 24 h after MPP + challenge. RNA-Seq analysis of the PD cell model was performed to explore the possible mechanisms. Western blot was used to detect the phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). RESULTS OXB significantly decreased the DA neurons death caused by MPTP, alleviated MPP+-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells, and robustly enhanced the weight and motor ability of PD mice. Besides, RNA-Seq analysis demonstrated that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway was involved in the pathology of PD. Furthermore, MPP + led to increased levels of phosphorylation of ERK (p-ERK), OXB treatment significantly decreased the levels of p-ERK in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that OXB exerts a neuroprotective role associated with reduced ERK phosphorylation in the PD model. This suggests that OXB may have therapeutic potential for treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Ma
- Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Fei Cao
- Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Translational Medical of Digestive System Tumor, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, School of Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Xuezhi Li
- Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Zuojuan Yin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Yili Wu
- Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China.
- Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
| | - Qinqin Wang
- Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China.
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Li K, Song X, Li H, Kuang X, Liu S, Liu R, Li D. Mussel oil is superior to fish oil in preventing atherosclerosis of ApoE -/- mice. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1326421. [PMID: 38410635 PMCID: PMC10894946 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1326421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The present study aimed to explore the preventive effect of mussel oil (MO) on atherosclerosis and the potential mechanism in apolipoprotein E-null (ApoE-/-) mice. Methods ApoE-/- mice were fed with a high-fat and high-cholesterol chow and given corn oil (CO), fish oil (FO), MO, or aspirin (ASP, dissolved in CO) by gavage for 12 weeks. The total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in MO (51.01%) and FO (46.82%) were comparable (mainly C22:6n-3 and C20:5n-3). Wild-type mice were fed with a normal chow and given equivalent CO as health control (CON). Results Compared with the CON group, obvious atherosclerotic plaque appeared at aorta and aortic sinus in the CO group. Compared with the CO group, MO but not FO had a significantly smaller atherosclerotic plaque area in the aorta. The aortic atherosclerotic plaque area was comparable in the MO, CON, and ASP groups. The MO group had a significantly smaller atherosclerotic plaque area, lower lipid deposition, lower contents of smooth muscle cell (SMC), and slightly lower contents of macrophage at the aortic sinus than the FO group. Serum concentrations of IL-1β, NF-κB, and VCAM-1 were comparable in the MO and FO groups and were significantly lower than the CO group. Compared with the CO group, the MO group but not FO group had significantly lower aortic protein levels of p65NF-κB, p38MAPK, and VCAM-1. The aortic protein levels of p-p65NF-κB and p-p38MAPK were significantly lower in the MO group than the FO group. Conclusion In conclusion, MO is more potent than FO in preventing atherosclerosis, and the possible mechanism may be by downregulating p38MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway, decreasing VCAM-1 and macrophage, and inhibiting proliferation and migration of SMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelei Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaolei Song
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huiying Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaotong Kuang
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shiyi Liu
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Run Liu
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Duo Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Rullah K, Shamsudin NF, Koeberle A, Tham CL, Fasihi Mohd Aluwi MF, Leong SW, Jantan I, Lam KW. Flavonoid diversity and roles in the lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammatory response of monocytes and macrophages. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:75-99. [PMID: 38205612 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/toll-like receptor 4 signaling in mononuclear phagocytes has been explored for the treatment of inflammation and inflammation-related disorders. However, only a few key targets have been translated into clinical applications. Flavonoids, a class of ubiquitous plant secondary metabolites, possess a privileged scaffold which serves as a valuable template for designing pharmacologically active compounds directed against diseases with inflammatory components. This perspective provides a general overview of the diversity of flavonoids and their multifaceted mechanisms that interfere with LPS-induced signaling in monocytes and macrophages. Focus is placed on flavonoids targeting MD-2, IκB kinases, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38 MAPK and PI3K/Akt or modulating LPS-related gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Rullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Farisya Shamsudin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Andreas Koeberle
- Michael Popp Institute and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Chau Ling Tham
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fadhlizil Fasihi Mohd Aluwi
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Sze-Wei Leong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Kok Wai Lam
- Centre for Drug & Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Gladkikh BP, Danilov DV, D’yachenko VS, Butov GM. 1,3-Dichloroadamantyl-Containing Ureas as Potential Triple Inhibitors of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase, p38 MAPK and c-Raf. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:338. [PMID: 38203510 PMCID: PMC10779153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is an enzyme involved in the metabolism of bioactive lipid signaling molecules. sEH converts epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EET) to virtually inactive dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHET). The first acids are "medicinal" molecules, the second increase the inflammatory infiltration of cells. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPKs) are key protein kinases involved in the production of inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). p38 MAPK signaling plays an important role in the regulation of cellular processes, especially inflammation. The proto-oncogenic serine/threonine protein kinase Raf (c-Raf) is a major component of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway: ERK1/2 signaling. Normal cellular Raf genes can also mutate and become oncogenes, overloading the activity of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2. The development of multitarget inhibitors is a promising strategy for the treatment of socially dangerous diseases. We synthesized 1,3-disubstituted ureas and diureas containing a dichloroadamantyl moiety. The results of computational methods show that soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors can act on two more targets in different signaling pathways of mitogen-activated protein kinases p38 MAPK and c-Raf. The two chlorine atoms in the adamantyl moiety may provide additional Cl-π interactions in the active site of human sEH. Molecular dynamics studies have shown that the stability of ligand-protein complexes largely depends on the "spacer effect." The compound containing a bridge between the chloroadamantyl fragment and the ureide group forms more stable ligand-protein complexes with sEH and p38 MAPK, which indicates a better conformational ability of the molecule in the active sites of these targets. In turn, a compound containing two chlorine atoms forms a more stable complex with c-Raf, probably due to the presence of additional halogen bonds of chlorine atoms with amino acid residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris P. Gladkikh
- Department of Technology of Organic and Petrochemical Synthesis, Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd 400005, Russia; (B.P.G.); (D.V.D.); (G.M.B.)
| | - Dmitry V. Danilov
- Department of Technology of Organic and Petrochemical Synthesis, Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd 400005, Russia; (B.P.G.); (D.V.D.); (G.M.B.)
| | - Vladimir S. D’yachenko
- Department of Technology of Organic and Petrochemical Synthesis, Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd 400005, Russia; (B.P.G.); (D.V.D.); (G.M.B.)
- Department of Chemistry, Technology and Equipment of Chemical Industry, Volzhsky Polytechnic Institute (Branch), Volgograd State Technical University (VSTU), Volzhsky 404121, Russia
| | - Gennady M. Butov
- Department of Technology of Organic and Petrochemical Synthesis, Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd 400005, Russia; (B.P.G.); (D.V.D.); (G.M.B.)
- Department of Chemistry, Technology and Equipment of Chemical Industry, Volzhsky Polytechnic Institute (Branch), Volgograd State Technical University (VSTU), Volzhsky 404121, Russia
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Goodarzi V, Nouri S, Nassaj ZS, Bighash M, Abbasian S, Hagh RA. Long non coding RNAs reveal important pathways in childhood asthma: a future perspective. J Mol Histol 2023; 54:257-269. [PMID: 37537509 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-023-10131-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a long-term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs refers changes that occur in conjunction with, or as a result of, chronic airway inflammation. Airway remodeling the subsequent of inflammation constitutes cellular and extracellular matrix changes in the wall airways, epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition and airway smooth muscle cell proliferation. Diseases often begin in childhood and despite extensive research, causative pathogenic mechanisms still remain unclear. Transcriptome analysis of childhood asthma reveals distinct gene expression profiles of Long noncoding RNAs which have been reported to play a central regulatory role in various aspects of pathogenesis, clinical course and treatment of asthma. We briefly review current understanding of lnc-RNA dysregulation in children with asthma, focusing on their complex role in the inflammation, cell proliferation and remodeling of airway to guide future researches. We found that the lnc-RNAs increases activity of several oncogenes such c-Myc, Akt, and ERK and various signaling pathways such as MAPK (PI3K, Ras, JNK and p38), NF-κB and Wnt and crosstalk between these pathways by TGFβ, β-catenin, ERK and SKP2. Moreover, two different signal transduction pathways, Wnt and Notch1, can be activated by two lnc-RNAs through sponging the same miRNA for exacerbation cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Goodarzi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rasoul-Akram Medical Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadi Nouri
- Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Zohre Saleh Nassaj
- Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Bighash
- Bachelor of Nursing, School of Paramedical Sciences, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvn, Iran
| | - Sadegh Abbasian
- Department of Laboratory Science, School of Paramedical Sciences, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Valenzuela NM. JAKinibs prevent persistent, IFNγ-autonomous endothelial cell inflammation and immunogenicity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C186-C207. [PMID: 37184230 PMCID: PMC10312316 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00298.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The adhesion and subsequent activation of T cells is a critical step in local inflammatory responses, particularly of alloreactive leukocytes in rejection of transplanted donor tissue. Interferon (IFN)γ is an adaptive cytokine that promotes endothelial cell (EC) expression of pro-adhesive factors and costimulatory molecules. We recently reported that IFNγ-induced endothelial cell antigen-presenting capacity was protracted after cytokine withdrawal. This study sought to determine what intracellular signaling mediates this chronic endothelial activation by IFNγ. The durability of interferon signaling in human aortic endothelial activation was tested. Pro-adhesive and costimulatory gene expression, phenotype, secretome, and Janus kinase (JAK)/STAT phosphorylation in human primary endothelial cells were measured under chronic and transient IFNγ stimulation, with various JAK inhibitors. IFNγ reporter cells were tested for STAT1 transcriptional activity with JAK inhibition and suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) overexpression, under continuous and priming conditions. The consequences of even short exposure to IFNγ were long-lasting and broad, with sustained elevation of adhesion molecules and chemokines up to 48 h later. JAK/STAT and interferon response factor expression were likewise durable, dependent on new transcription but autonomous of continuous IFNγ. Persistent STAT new transcription and JAK signaling in the endothelium was required to maintain a pro-adhesive and proimmunogenic phenotype after IFNγ withdrawal since both could be prevented by cycloheximide but only by JAKinibs with potency against JAK2. Finally, the suppressor of cytokine signaling SOCS1 failed to emerge in primed endothelial cells, which likely accounted for prolonged inflammatory gene expression. The results reveal a sustained JAK-dependent perturbation of endothelial function and suggest that JAKinibs may have therapeutic benefits in dampening vascular inflammation and allogeneic leukocyte activation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The central question investigated in this study is why vascular endothelium remains inflamed and what underlying signaling is responsible. The new results show that the resolution of endothelial-controlled inflammation may be impaired or delayed because Janus kinase (JAK)/STAT activation is maintained autonomous of interferon (IFN)γ presence, and the late phase negative regulator suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS)1 fails to be induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Valenzuela
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
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Fernandez A, Monsen PJ, Platanias LC, Schiltz GE. Medicinal chemistry approaches to target the MNK-eIF4E axis in cancer. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1060-1087. [PMID: 37360400 PMCID: PMC10285747 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00121k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant translation of proteins that promote cell proliferation is an essential factor that defines oncogenic processes and cancer. The process for ribosomal translation of proteins from mRNA requires an essential initiation step which is controlled by the protein eIF4E, which binds the RNA 5'-cap and forms the eIF4F complex that subsequently translates protein. Typically, eIF4E is activated by phosphorylation on Ser209 by MNK1 and MNK2 kinases. Substantial work has shown that eIF4E and MNK1/2 are dysregulated in many cancers and this axis has therefore become an active area of interest for developing new cancer therapeutics. This review summarizes and discusses recent work to develop small molecules that target different steps in the MNK-eIF4E axis as potential cancer therapeutics. The aim of this review is to cover the breadth of different molecular approaches being taken and the medicinal chemistry basis for their optimization and testing as new cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Fernandez
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Paige J Monsen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Leonidas C Platanias
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Chicago IL 60611 USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago IL 60611 USA
- Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center Chicago IL 60612 USA
| | - Gary E Schiltz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Chicago IL 60611 USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL 60611 USA
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9
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Zhai Y, Wang T, Fu Y, Yu T, Ding Y, Nie H. Ferulic Acid: A Review of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Effects on Pulmonary Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098011. [PMID: 37175715 PMCID: PMC10178416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferulic acid (FA), a prevalent dietary phytochemical, has many pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation effects, and has been widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetics industries. Many studies have shown that FA can significantly downregulate the expression of reactive oxygen species and activate nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2/heme oxygenase-1 signaling, exerting anti-oxidative effects. The anti-inflammatory effect of FA is mainly related to the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathways. FA has demonstrated potential clinical applications in the treatment of pulmonary diseases. The transforming growth factor-β1/small mothers against decapentaplegic 3 signaling pathway can be blocked by FA, thereby alleviating pulmonary fibrosis. Moreover, in the context of asthma, the T helper cell 1/2 imbalance is restored by FA. Furthermore, FA ameliorates acute lung injury by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways via toll-like receptor 4, consequently decreasing the expression of downstream inflammatory mediators. Additionally, there is a moderate neuraminidase inhibitory activity showing a tendency to reduce the interleukin-8 level in response to influenza virus infections. Although the application of FA has broad prospects, more preclinical mechanism-based research should be carried out to test these applications in clinical settings. This review not only covers the literature on the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of FA, but also discusses the therapeutic role and toxicology of FA in several pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiman Zhai
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Tingyu Wang
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yunmei Fu
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Tong Yu
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Hongguang Nie
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
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Lim HJ, Prajapati R, Seong SH, Jung HA, Choi JS. Antioxidant and Antineuroinflammatory Mechanisms of Kaempferol-3- O-β-d-Glucuronate on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated BV2 Microglial Cells through the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Cascade and MAPK/NF-κB Pathway. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:6538-6549. [PMID: 36844518 PMCID: PMC9948190 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aglycone- and glycoside-derived forms of flavonoids exist broadly in plants and foods such as fruits, vegetables, and peanuts. However, most studies focus on the bioavailability of flavonoid aglycone rather than its glycosylated form. Kaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucuronate (K3G) is a natural flavonoid glycoside obtained from various plants that have several biological activities, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the molecular mechanism related to the antioxidant and antineuroinflammatory activity of K3G has not yet been demonstrated. The present study was designed to demonstrate the antioxidant and antineuroinflammatory effect of K3G against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells and to evaluate the underlying mechanism. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. The inhibition rate of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines were measured by DCF-DA assay, Griess assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and western blotting. K3G inhibited the LPS-induced release of nitric oxide, interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) as well as the expression of prostaglandin E synthase 2. Additionally, K3G reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) related proteins. Mechanistic studies found that K3G downregulated phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and upregulated the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling cascade. In this study, we demonstrated the effects of K3G on antineuroinflammation by inactivating phosphorylation of MPAKs and on antioxidants by upregulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway through decreasing ROS in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Lim
- Institute
of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National
University, Busan 46041, Republic of Korea
| | - Ritu Prajapati
- Department
of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National
University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hui Seong
- Division
of Natural Products Research, Honam National
Institute of Biological Resource, Mokpo 58762, Republic
of Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Jung
- Department
of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk
National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Institute
of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National
University, Busan 46041, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National
University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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11
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Fan H, Bhullar KS, Wang Z, Wu J. Chicken muscle protein-derived peptide VVHPKESF reduces TNFα-induced inflammation and oxidative stress by suppressing TNFR1 signaling in human vascular endothelial cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200184. [PMID: 35770889 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of four chicken muscle-derived peptides (Val-Arg-Pro (VRP), Leu-Lys-Tyr (LKY), Val-Arg-Tyr (VRY), and Val-Val-His-Pro-Lys-Glu-Ser-Phe [VVHPKESF (V-F)] on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-induced endothelial inflammation and oxidative stress in human vascular endothelial EA.hy926 cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Inflammation and oxidative stress are induced in EA.hy926 cells by TNFα (10 ng/mL) treatment for different periods of time. Inflammatory proteins and signaling molecules including inducible nitric oxide synthase, intracellular cell adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and TNFα receptor 1 (TNFR1) were measured by qRT-PCR or western blotting; soluble TNFR1 level and NADPH oxidase activity were determined by Elisa kits; superoxide was measured by dihydroethidium staining. Only V-F treatment inhibited the expression of VCAM-1 and COX2, via suppressing NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling, respectively, while reduced oxidative stress via the inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity; V-F treatment attenuated both gene and protein expressions of TNFR1. CONCLUSION V-F treatment ameliorated TNFα-induced endothelial inflammation and oxidative stress possibly via the inhibition of TNFR1 signaling, suggesting its potential as a functional food ingredient or nutraceutical in the prevention and treatment of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Fan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Khushwant S Bhullar
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Zihan Wang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
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12
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Kim DB, Unenkhuu B, Kim GJ, Kim SW, Kim HS. Cynarin attenuates LPS-induced endothelial inflammation via upregulation of the negative regulator MKP-3. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2022; 26:119-128. [PMID: 35784390 PMCID: PMC9246029 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2022.2077438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical observations have revealed that non-resolving low-grade inflammation is linked to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases, for example arthritis, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. Interestingly, low levels of circulating lipopolysaccharides (LPS) derived from the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria appear to be one of the primary causes of persistent low-grade inflammation. The inner surface of the blood vessels is lined with endothelial cells; therefore, even low levels of circulating LPS can directly activate these cells and elicit specific cellular responses, such as an increase in the expression levels of cell adhesion molecules and proinflammatory mediators. In endothelial cells, LPS exposure results in an inflammatory response through activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases. Cynarin, a phytochemical found in artichokes, has several pharmacological properties against endothelial inflammation. In the present study, we discovered that cynarin suppressed the LPS-induced increase in the expression levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and proinflammatory mediators such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β in EA.hy926 cells. Further, cynarin inhibited the activation of p38 and NF-κB pathways by inducing the negative regulator mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 3 (MKP-3) in LPS-stimulated EA.hy926 cells. In conclusion, cynarin alleviates inflammation by upregulating MKP-3, a negative regulator of p38 and NF-κB, and it may be a therapeutic option for treating endothelial inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Bin Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Banzragchgarav Unenkhuu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Grace Jisoo Kim
- Yongsan International School of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Seok Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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13
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Therefore, exploring the mechanism of CVDs and critical regulatory factors is of great significance for promoting heart repair, reversing cardiac remodeling, and reducing adverse cardiovascular events. Recently, significant progress has been made in understanding the function of protein kinases and their interactions with other regulatory proteins in myocardial biology. Protein kinases are positioned as critical regulators at the intersection of multiple signals and coordinate nearly every aspect of myocardial responses, regulating contractility, metabolism, transcription, and cellular death. Equally, reconstructing the disrupted protein kinases regulatory network will help reverse pathological progress and stimulate cardiac repair. This review summarizes recent researches concerning the function of protein kinases in CVDs, discusses their promising clinical applications, and explores potential targets for future treatments.
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14
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Meng J, Lv Q, Sui A, Xu D, Zou T, Song M, Gong X, Xing S, Wang X. Hyperuricemia induces lipid disturbances by upregulating the CXCL-13 pathway. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 322:G256-G267. [PMID: 34935515 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00285.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism underlying hyperuricemia-induced lipid metabolism disorders is not clear. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the mechanism of lipid disturbances in a hyperuricemia mice model. RNA-Seq showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the fatty acid synthesis signaling pathway were mainly enriched and CXCL-13 was significantly enriched in protein-protein interaction networks. Western blotting, Q-PCR, and immunofluorescence results further showed that hyperuricemia upregulated CXCL-13 and disturbed lipid metabolism in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, CXCL-13 alone also promoted the accumulation of lipid droplets and upregulated the expression of FAS and SREBP1, blocking AMPK signaling and activating the PKC and P38 signaling pathways. Silencing CXCL-13 reversed uric-acid-induced lipid droplet accumulation, which further downregulated FAS and SREBP1 expression, inhibited the p38 and PKC signaling, and activated AMPK signaling. In conclusion, hyperuricemia induces lipid metabolism disorders via the CXCL-13 pathway, making CXCL-13 a key regulatory factor linking hyperuricemia and lipid metabolism disorders. These results may provide novel insights for the treatment of hyperuricemia.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The underlying molecular mechanism of hyperuricemia-induced lipid metabolism disorders is still unclear. The study aimed to investigate the mechanism of lipid disturbance in hyperuricemia mice model. To our knowledge, we proposed for the first time that CXCL-13 may be a key regulator of hyperuricemia and lipid metabolism disorders. These results may provide new insights for the clinical treatment of hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Meng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiulan Lv
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Aihua Sui
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Daxing Xu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Zou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Song
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelin Gong
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Shichao Xing
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.,Qingdao Women and Children's Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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15
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Hu J, Chen R, An J, Wang Y, Liang M, Huang K. Dauricine Attenuates Vascular Endothelial Inflammation Through Inhibiting NF-κB Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:758962. [PMID: 34925018 PMCID: PMC8672219 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.758962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells are the fundamental components of blood vessels that regulate several physiological processes including immune responses, angiogenesis, and vascular tone. Endothelial dysfunction contributes to the development of various diseases such as acute lung injury, and endothelial inflammation is a vital part of endothelial dysfunction. Dauricine is an extract isolated from Menispermum dauricum DC, a traditional Chinese medical plant that can be used for pharyngitis. In this work, we found that IL-1β-induced overexpression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin was inhibited by dauricine in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Correspondingly, adhesion of human acute monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1) to HUVECs was decreased by dauricine. Further studies showed that dauricine inhibited the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway in HUVECs stimulated with IL-1β. In vivo, dauricine protected mice from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury. In lung tissues, the activation of NF-κB pathway and the expression of its downstream genes (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin) were decreased by dauricine, consistent with what was found in vitro. In summary, we concluded that dauricine could alleviate endothelial inflammation by suppressing NF-κB pathway, which might serve as an effective candidate for diseases related with endothelial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ru Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie An
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Handan First Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Yilong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minglu Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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16
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Harnessing the cardiovascular benefits of exercise: are Nrf2 activators useful? SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 3:70-79. [PMID: 35782161 PMCID: PMC9219337 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of physical activity to ameliorate cardiovascular disease and improve cardiovascular health is well accepted, but many aspects of the molecular mechanisms underlying these benefits are incompletely understood. Exercise increases the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through various mechanisms. This triggers the activation of Nrf2, a redox-sensitive transcription factor activated by increases in oxidative stress. Activation of Nrf2 mitigates oxidative stress by increasing the nuclear transcription of many antioxidant genes while also mediating additional beneficial effects through the cytoprotective nature of Nrf2 signaling. Understanding the transcriptional patterns of Nrf2 caused by exercise can help in the design of pharmacological mimicry of the process in patients who are unable to exercise for various reasons.
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17
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IL-33 Is Involved in the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Butyrate and Propionate on TNFα-Activated Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052447. [PMID: 33671042 PMCID: PMC7957702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (e.g., butyrate and propionate) are able to diminish endothelial cell activation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether intracellular IL-33 mediates the effects of butyrate and propionate on TNFα-induced IL-8 production and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression. In addition, it was investigated whether regulating NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways are involved. Intracellular IL-33 was measured in human endothelial cells (HUVECs) pre-incubated for 24 h with butyrate (0.1 mM or 5 mM), propionate (0.3 mM or 10 mM), or trichostatin A (TSA, 0.5 μM) prior to TNFα (1 ng/mL) stimulation (24 h). The effects of butyrate, propionate, and TSA on TNFα-induced IL-8, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), NF-κB, and MAPK signaling pathways in normal HUVECs and IL-33 siRNA (siIL-33)-transfected HUVECs were compared to study the role of IL-33 in the protective effects of butyrate and propionate. Endogenous IL-33 was highly expressed in the perinuclear in HUVECs, which was significantly reduced by TNFα stimulation. The TNFα-induced reduction in IL-33 was prevented by pre-incubation with butyrate or propionate. Butyrate (0.1 mM), propionate (0.3 mM), and TSA inhibited the IL-8 production and activation of NF-κB. Interestingly, this effect was not observed in siIL-33-transfected HUVECs. The effects of butyrate (5 mM), propionate (10 mM), and TSA (0.5 μM) on VCAM-1 expression and activation of MAPK signaling pathways were not affected by siIL-33 transfection. In conclusion, we showed that the inhibitory effects of butyrate and propionate on TNFα-induced IL-8 production were mediated by the HDACs/IL-33/NF-κB pathway, while their effects on VCAM-1 expression might be associated with the HDACs/MAPK signaling pathway, independently of IL-33.
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18
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Chander Y, Kumar R, Khandelwal N, Singh N, Shringi BN, Barua S, Kumar N. Role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling in virus replication and potential for developing broad spectrum antiviral drugs. Rev Med Virol 2021; 31:1-16. [PMID: 33450133 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play a key role in complex cellular processes such as proliferation, development, differentiation, transformation and apoptosis. Mammals express at least four distinctly regulated groups of MAPKs which include extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK)-1/2, p38 proteins, Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNK1/2/3) and ERK5. p38 MAPK is activated by a wide range of cellular stresses and modulates activity of several downstream kinases and transcription factors which are involved in regulating cytoskeleton remodeling, cell cycle modulation, inflammation, antiviral response and apoptosis. In viral infections, activation of cell signalling pathways is part of the cellular defense mechanism with the basic aim of inducing an antiviral state. However, viruses can exploit enhanced cell signalling activities to support various stages of their replication cycles. Kinase activity can be inhibited by small molecule chemical inhibitors, so one strategy to develop antiviral drugs is to target these cellular signalling pathways. In this review, we provide an overview on the current understanding of various cellular and viral events regulated by the p38 signalling pathway, with a special emphasis on targeting these events for antiviral drug development which might identify candidates with broad spectrum activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Chander
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana, India.,Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambeshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Ram Kumar
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana, India.,Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, India
| | - Nitin Khandelwal
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana, India.,Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Namita Singh
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambeshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Brij Nandan Shringi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, India
| | - Sanjay Barua
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana, India
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19
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A Novel STAT3-Mediated GATA6 Pathway Contributes to tert-Butylhydroquinone- (tBHQ-) Protected TNF α-Activated Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (VCAM-1) in Vascular Endothelium. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6584059. [PMID: 33274004 PMCID: PMC7683157 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6584059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The activation of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) in vascular endothelial cells has been well considered implicating in the initiation and processing of atherosclerosis. Oxidative stress is mechanistically involved in proatherosclerotic cytokine-induced VCAM-1 activation. tert-Butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), a synthetic phenolic antioxidant used for preventing lipid peroxidation of food, possesses strongly antioxidant capacity against oxidative stress-induced dysfunction in various pathological process. Here, we investigated the protective role of tBHQ on tumor necrosis factor alpha- (TNFα-) induced VCAM-1 activation in both aortic endothelium of mice and cultured human vascular endothelial cells and uncovered its potential mechanisms. Our data showed that tBHQ treatment significantly reversed TNFα-induced activation of VCAM-1 at both transcriptional and protein levels. The mechanistic study revealed that inhibiting neither nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) nor autophagy blocked the beneficial role of tBHQ. Alternatively, tBHQ intervention markedly alleviated TNFα-increased GATA-binding protein 6 (GATA6) mRNA and protein expressions and its translocation into nucleus. Further investigation indicated that tBHQ-inhibited signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) but not mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway contributed to its protective role against VCAM-1 activation via regulating GATA6. Collectively, our data demonstrated that tBHQ prevented TNFα-activated VCAM-1 via a novel STAT3/GATA6-involved pathway. tBHQ could be a potential candidate for the prevention of proatherosclerotic cytokine-caused inflammatory response and further dysfunctions in vascular endothelium.
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20
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Zhou H, Simion V, Pierce JB, Haemmig S, Chen AF, Feinberg MW. LncRNA-MAP3K4 regulates vascular inflammation through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway and cis-modulation of MAP3K4. FASEB J 2020; 35:e21133. [PMID: 33184917 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001654rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic vascular inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as essential inflammation regulators. We identify a novel lncRNA termed lncRNA-MAP3K4 that is enriched in the vessel wall and regulates vascular inflammation. In the aortic intima, lncRNA-MAP3K4 expression was reduced by 50% during the progression of atherosclerosis (chronic inflammation) and 70% during endotoxemia (acute inflammation). lncRNA-MAP3K4 knockdown reduced the expression of key inflammatory factors (eg, ICAM-1, E-selectin, MCP-1) in endothelial cells or vascular smooth muscle cells and decreased monocytes adhesion to endothelium, as well as reducing TNF-α, IL-1β, COX2 expression in macrophages. Mechanistically, lncRNA-MAP3K4 regulates inflammation through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. lncRNA-MAP3K4 shares a bidirectional promoter with MAP3K4, an upstream regulator of the MAPK signaling pathway, and regulates its transcription in cis. lncRNA-MAP3K4 and MAP3K4 show coordinated expression in response to inflammation in vivo and in vitro. Similar to lncRNA-MAP3K4, MAP3K4 knockdown reduced the expression of inflammatory factors in several different vascular cells. Furthermore, lncRNA-MAP3K4 and MAP3K4 knockdown showed cooperativity in reducing inflammation in endothelial cells. Collectively, these findings unveil the role of a novel lncRNA in vascular inflammation by cis-regulating MAP3K4 via a p38 MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Viorel Simion
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacob B Pierce
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stefan Haemmig
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alex F Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mark W Feinberg
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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21
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Deng Q, Li XX, Fang Y, Chen X, Xue J. Therapeutic Potential of Quercetin as an Antiatherosclerotic Agent in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:5926381. [PMID: 32565865 PMCID: PMC7292974 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5926381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is one of the diseases with the highest morbidity and mortality globally. It causes a huge burden on families and caregivers and high costs for medicine and surgical interventions. Given expensive surgeries and failures of most conventional treatments, medical community tries to find a more cost-effective cure. Thus, attentions have been primarily focused on food or herbs. Quercetin (Qu) extracted from food, a flavonoid component, develops potentials of alternative or complementary medicine in atherosclerosis. Due to the wide range of health benefits, researchers have considered to apply Qu as a natural compound in therapy. This review is aimed to identify the antiatherosclerosis functions of Qu in treating ASCVD such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties, effects on endothelium-dependent vasodilation, and blood lipid-lowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Deng
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Xue Li
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanting Fang
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingui Xue
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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22
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Ruhee RT, Roberts LA, Ma S, Suzuki K. Organosulfur Compounds: A Review of Their Anti-inflammatory Effects in Human Health. Front Nutr 2020; 7:64. [PMID: 32582751 PMCID: PMC7280442 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytonutrients are widely recognized for providing protective human health benefits. Among the phytonutrients, epidemiological and experimental studies show that dietary organosulfur compounds (OSC) play a significant role in preventing various human pathological progressions, including chronic inflammation, by decreasing inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin (PG)E2, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-17, which are all typical hallmarks of inflammation. Evidence supports OSC in reducing the expression of these markers, thereby attenuating chronic inflammatory processes. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is a key regulating factor during inflammation, and novel evidence shows that OSC downregulates this transcriptional factor, thus contributing to the anti-inflammatory response. In vitro and in vivo studies show that inflammation is mechanistically linked with acute and chronic pathological conditions including cancer, diabetes, obesity, neural dysfunction, etc. Furthermore, a considerable number of experiments have demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory properties of OSC occur in a dose-dependent manner. These experiments also highlight indirect mechanisms as well as potent co-functions for protective roles as antioxidants, and in providing chemoprotection and neuroprotection. In this brief review, we provided an overview of the anti-inflammatory effects of OSC and elucidated probable mechanisms that are associated with inflammation and chronic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Llion Arwyn Roberts
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sihui Ma
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
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23
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Hassan MJM, Bakar NS, Aziz MA, Basah NK, Singh HJ. Leptin-induced increase in blood pressure and markers of endothelial activation during pregnancy in Sprague Dawley rats is prevented by resibufogenin, a marinobufagenin antagonist. Reprod Biol 2020; 20:184-190. [PMID: 32253169 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Levels of leptin and marinobufagenin (MBG), a cardiotonic steroid, are elevated in the serum of women with pre-eclampsia. Besides this, leptin administration to pregnant rats increases systolic blood pressure (SBP), urinary protein excretion and serum markers of endothelial activation. The link between leptin and MBG is unknown and it is also unclear if leptin-induced increases in blood pressure and proteinuria in the pregnant rat could be prevented by an MBG antagonist. To ascertain this link, this study investigated the effect of resibufogenin (RBG), a marinobufagenin antagonist, on leptin-induced increases in blood pressure and proteinuria during pregnancy in rats. Four groups of Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 12 weeks, were given either normal saline (CONTROL) or 120 μg/kg/day of leptin (LEP), or 120 μg/kg/day of leptin+30 μg/kg/day of resibufogenin (L + RBG) or 30 μg/kg/day of resibufogenin (RBG) from Day 1-20 of pregnancy. Systolic blood pressure and urinary protein excretion (UPE) were measured during the study period. Animals were euthanized on day 21 of pregnancy and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, (VCAM-1), soluble intracellular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), E-selectin and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were estimated in the serum. SBP, UPE, VCAM-1, sICAM-1 and ET-1 were significantly higher only in the LEP group when compared with those in CONT and in L + RBG and RBG groups. The prevention by RBG of leptin-induced increases in SBP, proteinuria, and endothelial activation during pregnancy seem to suggest a potential role for MBG in leptin-induced adverse effects on blood pressure, urinary protein excretion and endothelial activity during pregnancy in the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nor Salmah Bakar
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mardiana Abdul Aziz
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norizan Kamal Basah
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Harbindar Jeet Singh
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia; I-PPerFORM, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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24
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Lu CH, Ou HC, Day CH, Chen HI, Pai PY, Lee CY, Chen RJ, Chang RL, PadmaViswanadha V, Hsieh DJY, Huang CY. Deep sea minerals ameliorate diabetic-induced inflammation via inhibition of TNFα signaling pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:468-477. [PMID: 31794124 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It has been well-documented that the consumption of deep sea water (DSW) has beneficial effects on myocardial hypertrophy and cardiac apoptosis induced by hypercholesterolemia. However, the molecular mechanisms for the anti-inflammatory effects of DSW on diabetic cardiomyopathy are still largely unclear. The main purpose of this present study was to test the hypothesis that DSW exerts anti-inflammatory effects through the suppression of the TNF-α-mediated signaling pathways. IP injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at the dose of 65 mg/kg was used to establish a diabetes rat model. DSW mineral extracts that diluted in desalinated water were prepared in three different dosages and administered to the rats through gavages for 4 weeks. These dosages are DSW-1X (equivalent to 37 mg Mg2+ /kg/day), 2X (equivalent to 74 mg Mg2+ /kg/day) and 3X (equivalent to 111 mg Mg2+ mg/kg/day). Immunofluorescence staining and Western blot showed that the protein expression level of TNF-α was markedly higher in the STZ-induced diabetic rat hearts than in the control group. Consequently, the phosphorylation levels of the TNF-α-modulated downstream signaling molecules and P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were notably elevated in heart tissues of STZ-induced diabetes. These higher phosphorylation levels subsequently upregulated NF-κB-modulated inflammatory mediators, such as cyclooxygenase (COX)-II and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). However, treatment with DSW as well as MgSO4 , the main mineral in DSW, significantly reversed all the alterations. These findings suggest that DSW has potential as a therapeutic agent for preventing diabetes-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Hsiang Lu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chung Ou
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsiu-I Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ying Pai
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Lee
- Department of Cardiology, Taipei City Hospital, Zhongxiao Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ray-Jade Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Lin Chang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Dennis Jine-Yuan Hsieh
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Diseases Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
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25
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Significance of unphosphorylated and phosphorylated heat shock protein 27 as a prognostic biomarker in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:1125-1137. [PMID: 32200459 PMCID: PMC7142055 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03175-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Few studies reported about the potential of unphosphorylated heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) and phosphorylated heat shock protein 27 (pHSP27) as a predictor for survival and gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In this study, we analysed the expression patterns of pHSP27 and HSP27 in a patient population after surgery and correlated the immunohistochemical results with clinicopathological data and long-term outcome of the patients. Methods HSP27 and pHSP27 (Ser-15, Ser-78 and Ser-82) protein expression were analysed by immunohistochemistry using the immunoreactive score (IRS) from paraffin-embedded tissue of 106 patients with PDAC who underwent surgery. Immunohistochemical results were correlated with clinicopathological data, disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Results HSP27 expression was significantly lower in patients with a shorter OS (p = 0.006) and DFS (p < 0.0001). A higher HSP27 expression was associated with a better response to gemcitabine in the resected, non-metastasised patients group (p = 0.001). Furthermore, HSP27 was downregulated in patients suffering from metastases at time of surgery (p < 0.001) and in undifferentiated tumours (p = 0.007). In contrast, pHSP27-Ser15, -Ser78 and -Ser82 were not associated with any survival data of the study population. Conclusion HSP27 seems to be a strong indicator for the prediction of OS and DFS. Moreover, HSP27 could play a role in the formation and migration of liver metastases of PDAC.
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26
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Rahadian A, Fukuda D, Salim HM, Yagi S, Kusunose K, Yamada H, Soeki T, Sata M. Canagliflozin Prevents Diabetes-Induced Vascular Dysfunction in ApoE-Deficient Mice. J Atheroscler Thromb 2020; 27:1141-1151. [PMID: 32101837 PMCID: PMC7803832 DOI: 10.5551/jat.52100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Recent studies have demonstrated that selective sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) reduce cardiovascular events, although their mechanism remains obscure. We examined the effect of canagliflozin, an SGLT2i, on atherogenesis and investigated its underlying mechanism. Method: Canagliflozin (30 mg/kg/day) was administered by gavage to streptozotocin-induced diabetic apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice. Sudan IV staining was performed at the aortic arch. Immunostaining, quantitative RT-PCR, and vascular reactivity assay were performed using the aorta. In vitro experiments using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were also performed. Result: Canagliflozin decreased blood glucose (P < 0.001) and total cholesterol (P < 0.05) levels. Sudan IV staining showed that 12-week canagliflozin treatment decreased atherosclerotic lesions (P < 0.05). Further, 8-week canagliflozin treatment ameliorated endothelial dysfunction, as determined by acetylcholine-induced vasodilation (P < 0.05), and significantly reduced the expressions of inflammatory molecules such as ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in the aorta at the RNA and protein levels. Canagliflozin also reduced the expressions of NADPH oxidase subunits such as NOX2 and p22phox in the aorta and reduced urinary excretion of 8-OHdG, suggesting a reduction in oxidative stress. Methylglyoxal, a precursor of advanced glycation end products, increased the expressions of ICAM-1 and p22phox in HUVECs (P < 0.05, both). Methylglyoxal also decreased the phosphorylation of eNOSSer1177 and Akt but increased the phosphorylation of eNOSThr495 and p38 MAPK in HUVECs. Conclusion: Canagliflozin prevents endothelial dysfunction and atherogenesis in diabetic ApoE−/− mice. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidative potential due to reduced glucose toxicity to endothelial cells might be its underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arief Rahadian
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Daiju Fukuda
- Department of Cardio-Diabetes Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Hotimah Masdan Salim
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Shusuke Yagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Kenya Kusunose
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Hirotsugu Yamada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Takeshi Soeki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Masataka Sata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
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27
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Downregulation of S1P Lyase Improves Barrier Function in Human Cerebral Microvascular Endothelial Cells Following an Inflammatory Challenge. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041240. [PMID: 32069843 PMCID: PMC7072972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a key bioactive lipid that regulates a myriad of physiological and pathophysiological processes, including endothelial barrier function, vascular tone, vascular inflammation, and angiogenesis. Various S1P receptor subtypes have been suggested to be involved in the regulation of these processes, whereas the contribution of intracellular S1P (iS1P) through intracellular targets is little explored. In this study, we used the human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell line HCMEC/D3 to stably downregulate the S1P lyase (SPL-kd) and evaluate the consequences on endothelial barrier function and on the molecular factors that regulate barrier tightness under normal and inflammatory conditions. The results show that in SPL-kd cells, transendothelial electrical resistance, as a measure of barrier integrity, was regulated in a dual manner. SPL-kd cells had a delayed barrier build up, a shorter interval of a stable barrier, and, thereafter, a continuous breakdown. Contrariwise, a protection was seen from the rapid proinflammatory cytokine-mediated barrier breakdown. On the molecular level, SPL-kd caused an increased basal protein expression of the adherens junction molecules PECAM-1, VE-cadherin, and β-catenin, increased activity of the signaling kinases protein kinase C, AMP-dependent kinase, and p38-MAPK, but reduced protein expression of the transcription factor c-Jun. However, the only factors that were significantly reduced in TNFα/SPL-kd compared to TNFα/control cells, which could explain the observed protection, were VCAM-1, IL-6, MCP-1, and c-Jun. Furthermore, lipid profiling revealed that dihydro-S1P and S1P were strongly enhanced in TNFα-treated SPL-kd cells. In summary, our data suggest that SPL inhibition is a valid approach to dampenan inflammatory response and augmente barrier integrity during an inflammatory challenge.
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28
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Zhang Y, Young JL, Cai L, Tong YG, Miao L, Freedman JH. Chronic exposure to arsenic and high fat diet induces sex-dependent pathogenic effects on the kidney. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 310:108719. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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29
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Green JP, Souilhol C, Xanthis I, Martinez-Campesino L, Bowden NP, Evans PC, Wilson HL. Atheroprone flow activates inflammation via endothelial ATP-dependent P2X7-p38 signalling. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:324-335. [PMID: 29126223 PMCID: PMC5852506 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Atherosclerosis is a focal disease occurring at arterial sites of disturbed blood flow that generates low oscillating shear stress. Endothelial inflammatory signalling is enhanced at sites of disturbed flow via mechanisms that are incompletely understood. The influence of disturbed flow on endothelial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) receptors and downstream signalling was assessed. Methods and results Cultured human endothelial cells were exposed to atheroprotective (high uniform) or atheroprone (low oscillatory) shear stress for 72 h prior to assessment of ATP responses. Imaging of cells loaded with a calcium-sensitive fluorescent dye revealed that atheroprone flow enhanced extracellular calcium influx in response to 300 µM 2'(3')-O-(4-Benzoylbenzoyl) adenosine-5'-triphosphate. Pre-treatment with pharmacological inhibitors demonstrated that this process required purinergic P2X7 receptors. The mechanism involved altered expression of P2X7, which was induced by atheroprone flow conditions in cultured cells. Similarly, en face staining of the murine aorta revealed enriched P2X7 expression at an atheroprone site. Functional studies in cultured endothelial cells showed that atheroprone flow induced p38 phosphorylation and up-regulation of E-selectin and IL-8 secretion via a P2X7-dependent mechanism. Moreover, genetic deletion of P2X7 significantly reduced E-selectin at atheroprone regions of the murine aorta. Conclusions These findings reveal that P2X7 is regulated by shear forces leading to its accumulation at atheroprone sites that are exposed to disturbed patterns of blood flow. P2X7 promotes endothelial inflammation at atheroprone sites by transducing ATP signals into p38 activation. Thus P2X7 integrates vascular mechanical responses with purinergic signalling to promote endothelial dysfunction and may provide an attractive potential therapeutic target to prevent or reduce atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack P Green
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Celine Souilhol
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Ioannis Xanthis
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Laura Martinez-Campesino
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Neil P Bowden
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Paul C Evans
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.,Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,INSIGNEO Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Heather L Wilson
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.,Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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30
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Su VYF, Yang KY, Chiou SH, Chen NJ, Mo MH, Lin CS, Wang CT. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Regulate Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cell-1 Expression and the p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway in Endotoxin-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Stem Cells 2019; 37:631-639. [PMID: 30681755 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can attenuate the pathological severity and neutrophil migration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). However, interactions that may occur between iPSCs and the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM) family of proteins remain unclear. In this study, murine iPSCs (miPSCs) were delivered via tail vein injection to wild type, TREM-1 knockout (KO), and TREM-2 KO C57BL/6 mice 4 hours after an intratracheal delivery of LPS. Twenty-four hours later, the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue were collected to perform histology, immunohistochemistry, neutrophil counts, Western blot assays, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Neutrophils were also isolated from the bone marrow to perform in vitro migration assays. In the lung tissues collected, LPS increased the expression of TREM-1 and TREM-2, with the TREM-2 KO mice expressing more TREM-1 than the wild-type mice. The TREM-2 KO mice also exhibited greater severity of LPS-induced ALI, enhanced neutrophil infiltration in the lung tissues, and a higher ratio of phosphorylated p38 to total p38 (p-p38/p38) in neutrophils. The p-p38/p38 ratio and the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and certain proinflammatory cytokines (macrophage inflammatory protein-2, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β) were increased in whole lung extracts following LPS-induced ALI, and these levels were even more in LPS-treated TREM-2 KO mice. These effects were reduced when miPSCs were administered. Thus, the results of this study suggest that miPSCs attenuate the role of neutrophils in lung inflammation and injury induced by LPS by reducing their expression of TREM-1 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Stem Cells 2019;37:631-639.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Yi-Fong Su
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei City Government, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Yao Yang
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nien-Jung Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsiang Mo
- Department of Biomedical, METATECH (AP) INC, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Dayeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Shiuan Lin
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Tien Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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31
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Braun JD, Pastene DO, Breedijk A, Rodriguez A, Hofmann BB, Sticht C, von Ochsenstein E, Allgayer H, van den Born J, Bakker S, Hauske SJ, Krämer BK, Yard BA, Albrecht T. Methylglyoxal down-regulates the expression of cell cycle associated genes and activates the p53 pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1152. [PMID: 30718683 PMCID: PMC6362029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37937-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although methylglyoxal (MGO) has emerged as key mediator of diabetic microvascular complications, the influence of MGO on the vascular transcriptome has not thoroughly been assessed. Since diabetes is associated with low grade inflammation causing sustained nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation, the current study addressed 1) to what extent MGO changes the transcriptome of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to an inflammatory milieu, 2) what are the dominant pathways by which these changes occur and 3) to what extent is this affected by carnosine, a putative scavenger of MGO. Microarray analysis revealed that exposure of HUVECs to high MGO concentrations significantly changes gene expression, characterized by prominent down-regulation of cell cycle associated genes and up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). KEGG-based pathway analysis identified six significantly enriched pathways of which the p53 pathway was the most affected. No significant enrichment of inflammatory pathways was found, yet, MGO did inhibit VCAM-1 expression in Western blot analysis. Carnosine significantly counteracted MGO-mediated changes in a subset of differentially expressed genes. Collectively, our results suggest that MGO initiates distinct transcriptional changes in cell cycle/apoptosis genes, which may explain MGO toxicity at high concentrations. MGO did not augment TNF-α induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana D Braun
- Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Fifth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Diego O Pastene
- Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Fifth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Annette Breedijk
- Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Fifth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Angelica Rodriguez
- Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Fifth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Björn B Hofmann
- Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Fifth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Center of Medical Research, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Elke von Ochsenstein
- Department of Experimental Surgery - Cancer Metastasis, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Heike Allgayer
- Department of Experimental Surgery - Cancer Metastasis, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jacob van den Born
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Stephan Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sibylle J Hauske
- Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Fifth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bernhard K Krämer
- Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Fifth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Benito A Yard
- Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Fifth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Albrecht
- Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Fifth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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32
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Reustle A, Torzewski M. Role of p38 MAPK in Atherosclerosis and Aortic Valve Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123761. [PMID: 30486366 PMCID: PMC6321637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and aortic valve sclerosis are cardiovascular diseases with an increasing prevalence in western societies. Statins are widely applied in atherosclerosis therapy, whereas no pharmacological interventions are available for the treatment of aortic valve sclerosis. Therefore, valve replacement surgery to prevent acute heart failure is the only option for patients with severe aortic stenosis. Both atherosclerosis and aortic valve sclerosis are not simply the consequence of degenerative processes, but rather diseases driven by inflammatory processes in response to lipid-deposition in the blood vessel wall and the aortic valve, respectively. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is involved in inflammatory signaling and activated in response to various intracellular and extracellular stimuli, including oxidative stress, cytokines, and growth factors, all of which are abundantly present in atherosclerotic and aortic valve sclerotic lesions. The responses generated by p38 MAPK signaling in different cell types present in the lesions are diverse and might support the progression of the diseases. This review summarizes experimental findings relating to p38 MAPK in atherosclerosis and aortic valve sclerosis and discusses potential functions of p38 MAPK in the diseases with the aim of clarifying its eligibility as a pharmacological target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Reustle
- Dr. Margarete-Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany.
- University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Michael Torzewski
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Hospital Hygiene, Robert Bosch-Hospital, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany.
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33
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Gupta M, Kaur G. Withania somnifera as a Potential Anxiolytic and Anti-inflammatory Candidate Against Systemic Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation. Neuromolecular Med 2018; 20:343-362. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-018-8497-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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34
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Expression profiles of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway from Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis in response to viral and bacterial infections. Gene 2018; 642:381-388. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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35
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Khabar KSA. Hallmarks of cancer and AU-rich elements. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2016; 8. [PMID: 27251431 PMCID: PMC5215528 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Post‐transcriptional control of gene expression is aberrant in cancer cells. Sustained stabilization and enhanced translation of specific mRNAs are features of tumor cells. AU‐rich elements (AREs), cis‐acting mRNA decay determinants, play a major role in the posttranscriptional regulation of many genes involved in cancer processes. This review discusses the role of aberrant ARE‐mediated posttranscriptional processes in each of the hallmarks of cancer, including sustained cellular growth, resistance to apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1368. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1368 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid S A Khabar
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Complement MASP-1 enhances adhesion between endothelial cells and neutrophils by up-regulating E-selectin expression. Mol Immunol 2016; 75:38-47. [PMID: 27219453 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The complement system and neutrophil granulocytes are indispensable in the immune response against extracellular pathogens such as bacteria and fungi. Endothelial cells also participate in antimicrobial immunity largely by regulating the homing of leukocytes through their cytokine production and their pattern of cell surface adhesion molecules. We have previously shown that mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease-1 (MASP-1), a complement lectin pathway enzyme, is able to activate endothelial cells by cleaving protease activated receptors, which leads to cytokine production and enables neutrophil chemotaxis. Therefore, we aimed to investigate how recombinant MASP-1 (rMASP-1) can modify the pattern of P-selectin, E-selectin, ICAM-1, ICAM-2, and VCAM-1 adhesion molecules in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), and whether these changes can enhance the adherence between endothelial cells and neutrophil granulocyte model cells (differentiated PLB-985). We found that HUVECs activated by rMASP-1 decreased the expression of ICAM-2 and increased that of E-selectin, whereas ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and P-selectin expression remained unchanged. Furthermore, these changes resulted in increased adherence between differentiated PLB-985 cells and endothelial cells. Our finding suggests that complement MASP-1 can increase adhesion between neutrophils and endothelial cells in a direct fashion. This is in agreement with our previous finding that MASP-1 increases the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-6 and IL-8) and chemotaxis, and may thereby boost neutrophil functions. This newly described cooperation between complement lectin pathway and neutrophils via endothelial cells may be an effective tool to enhance the antimicrobial immune response.
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Li X, Ma J, Li Y. Molecular Cloning and Expression Determination ofp38 MAPKfrom the Liver and Kidney of Silver Carp. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2016; 30:224-31. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- College of Life Science; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang Henan 453007 People's Republic of China
| | - Junguo Ma
- College of Life Science; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang Henan 453007 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- College of Life Science; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang Henan 453007 People's Republic of China
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Timmerman I, Daniel AE, Kroon J, van Buul JD. Leukocytes Crossing the Endothelium: A Matter of Communication. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 322:281-329. [PMID: 26940521 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Leukocytes cross the endothelial vessel wall in a process called transendothelial migration (TEM). The purpose of leukocyte TEM is to clear the causing agents of inflammation in underlying tissues, for example, bacteria and viruses. During TEM, endothelial cells initiate signals that attract and guide leukocytes to sites of tissue damage. Leukocytes react by attaching to these sites and signal their readiness to move back to endothelial cells. Endothelial cells in turn respond by facilitating the passage of leukocytes while retaining overall integrity. In this review, we present recent findings in the field and we have endeavored to synthesize a coherent picture of the intricate interplay between endothelial cells and leukocytes during TEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Timmerman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna E Daniel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Kroon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap D van Buul
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Inhalation of titanium dioxide induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated autophagy and inflammation in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 85:106-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Du M, Chen M, Shen H, Wang W, Li Z, Wang W, Huang J, Chen J. CyHV-2 ORF104 activates the p38 MAPK pathway. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 46:268-273. [PMID: 26072141 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) is the pathogen responsible for herpesviral hematopoietic necrosis disease, which causes huge losses on aquaculture. So far the studies of CyHV-2 mainly focus on the identification and detection of this virus, but little is known about the role of specific CyHV-2 genes in the infection process. Based on the genomic information, CyHV-2 ORF104 encodes a kinase-like protein, which is highly conserved among the three CyHVs. Our study was initiated to investigate the role of kinase-like protein ORF104 during virus infection. Subcellular localization study showed that ORF104 was mainly expressed in the nucleus in both human HEK293T and fish EPC cells. However, deletion of the putative nuclear localization signal of ORF104 (ORF104M) resulted in the cytoplasmic distribution in HEK293T. We then examined whether MAPKs were involved in the ORF104-mediated signaling pathway by overexpressing ORF104 and ORF104M in HEK293T. Overexpression of ORF104 and ORF104M resulted in the up-regulation of p38 phosphorylation, but not JNK or ERK, indicating that ORF104 specifically activates p38 signaling pathway. In vivo study showed that CyHV-2 infection enhanced p38 phosphorylation in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). Interestingly, p38 inhibitor SB203580 strongly reduced fish death caused by CyHV-2 infection. Therefore, our study for the first time reveals the function of ORF104 during CyHV-2 infection, indicating that ORF104 is a potential vaccine candidate for CyHV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Du
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 Zhejiang, China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005 Fujian, China
| | - Mingliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005 Fujian, China
| | - Haifeng Shen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005 Fujian, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005 Fujian, China
| | - Zengpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005 Fujian, China
| | - Weiyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005 Fujian, China
| | - Jianhui Huang
- Putian Aquatic Products, Technical Extension Station, Putian, 351100 Fujian, China
| | - Jianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005 Fujian, China.
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Kang YJ, Bang BR, Otsuka M, Otsu K. Tissue-Specific Regulation of p38α-Mediated Inflammation in Con A-Induced Acute Liver Damage. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:4759-66. [PMID: 25888643 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Because p38α plays a critical role in inflammation, it has been an attractive target for the development of anti-inflammation therapeutics. However, p38α inhibitors showed side effects, including severe liver toxicity, that often prevailed over the benefits in clinical studies, and the mechanism of toxicity is not clear. In this study, we demonstrate that p38α regulates the inflammatory responses in acute liver inflammation in a tissue-specific manner, and liver toxicity by p38α inhibitors may be a result of the inhibition of protective activity of p38α in the liver. Genetic ablation of p38α in T and NKT cells protected mice from liver injury in Con A-induced liver inflammation, whereas liver-specific deletion of p38α aggravated liver pathology. We found that p38α deficiency in the liver increased the expression of chemokines to recruit more inflammatory cells, indicating that p38α in the liver plays a protective anti-inflammatory role during acute liver inflammation. Therefore, our results suggest that p38α regulates the inflammatory responses in a tissue-specific manner, and that the tissue-specific p38α targeting strategies can be used for the development of an effective anti-inflammation treatment with an improved side-effect profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jun Kang
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037;
| | - Bo-Ram Bang
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Motoyuki Otsuka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kinya Otsu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; and Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
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Zheng S, Long L, Li Y, Xu Y, Jiqin Z, Ji W, Min W. A Novel ASK Inhibitor AGI-1067 Inhibits TLR-4-Mediated Activation of ASK1 by Preventing Dissociation of Thioredoxin from ASK1. CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY: OPEN ACCESS 2015; 4:132. [PMID: 28435845 PMCID: PMC5397116 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6607.1000132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The cell type that normally limits the inflammatory and atherosclerotic process is the vascular endothelial cell (EC) that can be regulated by proinflammatory and various stresses. Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, in part, by activating apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) to initiate the activation of MAP kinases pathways and the expression of inflammatory genes. In the present study, we test the hypothesis that AGI-1067 acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by inhibiting the activation of ASK1 in human EC. Pretreatment of human aortic endothelial cells with AGI-1067 inhibits TLR4 ligand (LPS)-induced activation of ASK1 and the downstream p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) MAP kinases. LPS dissociates two endogenous inhibitors thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) and 14-3-3 from ASK1, leading to ASK1 autoactivation. Interestingly, AGI-1067 inhibits the dissociation of Trx1, but not 14-3-3, from ASK1. However, inhibition of Trx1 dissociation from ASK1 by AGI-1067 is sufficient to suppress LPS-mediated phosphorylation of the transcription factors c-Jun and activating transcription factor 2, and inhibit LPS-induced inflammatory genes including vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, E-selectin, IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1. Our findings suggest that AGI-1067 as a unique ASK1 inhibitor to inhibit TLR4-mediated ASK1 activation, contributing to its anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Zheng
- The Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lingli Long
- The Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yonghao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxia Xu
- The Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhang Jiqin
- The Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Weidong Ji
- The Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wang Min
- The Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Dept. of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
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Functional roles of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:352371. [PMID: 24771982 PMCID: PMC3977509 DOI: 10.1155/2014/352371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a natural host defensive process that is largely regulated by macrophages during the innate immune response. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are proline-directed serine and threonine protein kinases that regulate many physiological and pathophysiological cell responses. p38 MAPKs are key MAPKs involved in the production of inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). p38 MAPK signaling plays an essential role in regulating cellular processes, especially inflammation. In this paper, we summarize the characteristics of p38 signaling in macrophage-mediated inflammation. In addition, we discuss the potential of using inhibitors targeting p38 expression in macrophages to treat inflammatory diseases.
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Li J, Peng L, Du H, Wang Y, Lu B, Xu Y, Ye X, Shao J. The Protective Effect of Beraprost Sodium on Diabetic Cardiomyopathy through the Inhibition of the p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway in High-Fat-Induced SD Rats. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:901437. [PMID: 25435878 PMCID: PMC4243139 DOI: 10.1155/2014/901437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. To investigate the effect of beraprost sodium (BPS) on diabetic cardiomyopathy and the underlying mechanism. Methods. A total of 40 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the normal control group (N = 10) and the model group (N = 30). The model group was fed a high-fat diet followed by a one-time dose of streptozotocin (STZ) to establish the diabetes mellitus model. After that, rats were randomly divided into two groups with or without BPS intervention. After 8 weeks, we explored the role of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in inflammation, oxidative stress, cardiac morphology, and myocardial apoptosis. Results. Compared with control, the ratio of heart-weight to body-weight and the serum levels of SOD and GSH in the BPS group significantly increased, the expression of p38 MAPK, the serum levels of MDA, TGF-β1, TNF-α, HIF-1α, MMP-9, caspase-3, BNP, ANP, and heart Bax expression significantly decreased, and heart Bcl-2 expression significantly increased. H&E staining in diabetic rats showed the cardiac muscle fibers derangement, the widening gap, the pyknotic and fragmented nuclei, and more apoptosis. Conclusions. BPS effectively showed protective effects on diabetic myocardial cells, possibly through the inhibition of p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Hong Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Yangtian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Bin Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Yixin Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Xiaozhen Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Jiaqing Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
- *Jiaqing Shao:
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Multi-walled carbon nanotubes induce human microvascular endothelial cellular effects in an alveolar-capillary co-culture with small airway epithelial cells. Part Fibre Toxicol 2013; 10:35. [PMID: 23903001 PMCID: PMC3750368 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-10-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanotechnology, particularly the use of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), is a rapidly growing discipline with implications for advancement in a variety of fields. A major route of exposure to MWCNT during both occupational and environmental contact is inhalation. While many studies showed adverse effects to the vascular endothelium upon MWCNT exposure, in vitro results often do not correlate with in vivo effects. This study aimed to determine if an alveolar-capillary co-culture model could determine changes in the vascular endothelium after epithelial exposure to MWCNT. METHODS A co-culture system in which both human small airway epithelial cells and human microvascular endothelial cells were separated by a Transwell membrane so as to resemble an alveolar-capillary interaction was used. Following exposure of the epithelial layer to MWCNT, the effects to the endothelial barrier were determined. RESULTS Exposure of the epithelial layer to MWCNT induced multiple changes in the endothelial cell barrier, including an increase in reactive oxygen species, actin rearrangement, loss of VE-cadherin at the cell surface, and an increase in endothelial angiogenic ability. Overall increases in secreted VEGFA, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1 protein levels, as well as increases in intracellular phospho-NF-κB, phospho-Stat3, and phospho-p38 MAPK, were also noted in HMVEC after epithelial exposure. CONCLUSION The co-culture system identified that alveolar-capillary exposure to MWCNT induced multiple changes to the underlying endothelium, potentially through cell signaling mediators derived from MWCNT-exposed epithelial cells. Therefore, the co-culture system appears to be a relevant in vitro method to study the pulmonary toxicity of MWCNT.
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Van Rijssel J, Timmerman I, Van Alphen FPJ, Hoogenboezem M, Korchynskyi O, Geerts D, Geissler J, Reedquist KA, Niessen HWM, Van Buul JD. The Rho-GEF Trio regulates a novel pro-inflammatory pathway through the transcription factor Ets2. Biol Open 2013; 2:569-79. [PMID: 23789107 PMCID: PMC3683159 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20134382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is characterized by endothelium that highly expresses numerous adhesion molecules to trigger leukocyte extravasation. Central to this event is increased gene transcription. Small Rho-GTPases not only control the actin cytoskeleton, but are also implicated in gene regulation. However, in inflammation, it is not clear how this is regulated. Here, we show that the guanine-nucleotide exchange factor Trio expression is increased upon inflammatory stimuli in endothelium. Additionally, increased Trio expression was found in the vessel wall of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Trio silencing impaired VCAM-1 expression. Finally, we excluded that Trio-controlled VCAM-1 expression used the classical NFκB or MAP-kinase pathways, but rather acts on the transcriptional level by increasing phosphorylation and nuclear translocalization of Ets2. These data implicate Trio in regulating inflammation and provide novel targets for therapeutic purposes to treat inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos Van Rijssel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam, 1066CX , The Netherlands
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Huang CY, Shih CM, Tsao NW, Chen YH, Li CY, Chang YJ, Chang NC, Ou KL, Lin CY, Lin YW, Nien CH, Lin FY. GroEL1, from Chlamydia pneumoniae, induces vascular adhesion molecule 1 expression by p37(AUF1) in endothelial cells and hypercholesterolemic rabbit. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42808. [PMID: 22900050 PMCID: PMC3416774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) by endothelial cells may play a major role in atherogenesis. The actual mechanisms of chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) relate to atherogenesis are unclear. We investigate the influence of VCAM-1 expression in the GroEL1 from C. pneumoniae-administered human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) and hypercholesterolemic rabbits. In this study, we constructed the recombinant GroEL1 from C. pneumoniae. The HCAECs/THP-1 adhesion assay, tube formation assay, western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, actinomycin D chase experiment, luciferase reporter assay, and immunohistochemical stainings were performed. The results show that GroEL1 increased both VCAM-1expression and THP-1 cell adhesives, and impaired tube-formation capacity in the HCAECs. GroEL1 significantly increased the VCAM-1 mRNA stability and cytosolic AU-binding factor 1 (AUF1) level. Overexpression of the p37AUF1 significantly increased VCAM-1 gene expression in GroEL1-induced bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs). GroEL1 prolonged the stability of VCAM-1 mRNA by increasing both p37AUF1 and the regulation of the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of the VCAM-1 mRNA in BAECs. In hypercholesterolemic rabbits, GroEL1 administration enhanced fatty-streak and macrophage infiltration in atherosclerotic lesions, which may be mediated by elevated VCAM-1 expression. In conclusion, GroEL1 induces VCAM-1 expression by p37AUF1 in endothelial cells and enhances atherogenesis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yao Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center For Biomedical Implants and Microsurgery Devices, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Shih
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Wen Tsao
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yuan Li
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Medical University and Department of Anesthesiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jia Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nen-Chung Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Liang Ou
- Research Center For Biomedical Implants and Microsurgery Devices, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yen Lin
- Department of Computer Science and Information Management, Hung Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Nien
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yen Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Chakrabarti S, Chan CK, Jiang Y, Davidge ST. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase regulates endothelial inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 2012; 91:947-56. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1011513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Escobar J, Pereda J, López-Rodas G, Sastre J. Redox signaling and histone acetylation in acute pancreatitis. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:819-37. [PMID: 22178977 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Histone acetylation via CBP/p300 coordinates the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the activation phase of inflammation, particularly through mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) pathways. In contrast, histone deacetylases (HDACs) and protein phosphatases are mainly involved in the attenuation phase of inflammation. The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the inflammatory cascade is much more important than expected. Mitochondrial ROS act as signal-transducing molecules that trigger proinflammatory cytokine production via inflammasome-independent and inflammasome-dependent pathways. The major source of ROS in acute inflammation seems to be NADPH oxidases, whereas NF-κB, protein phosphatases, and HDACs are the major targets of ROS and redox signaling in this process. There is a cross-talk between oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines through serine/threonine protein phosphatases, tyrosine protein phosphatases, and MAPKs that greatly contributes to amplification of the uncontrolled inflammatory cascade and tissue injury in acute pancreatitis. Chromatin remodeling during induction of proinflammatory genes would depend primarily on phosphorylation of transcription factors and their binding to gene promoters together with recruitment of histone acetyltransferases. PP2A should be considered a key modulator of the inflammatory cascade in acute pancreatitis through the ERK/NF-κB pathway and histone acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Escobar
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjasot, Valencia, Spain
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Cai J, Huang Y, Wei S, Huang X, Ye F, Fu J, Qin Q. Characterization of p38 MAPKs from orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides involved in SGIV infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 31:1129-1136. [PMID: 22005516 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are broadly expressed signaling molecules that involves in the regulation of cellular responsible for various extracellular stimuli. In this study, three p38 MAPK genes (Ec-p38a, p38b and p38β) were cloned from grouper, Epinephelus coioides and their characteristics were investigated in vitro. Although Ec-p38a, p38b and p38β showed high homologies to other fish p38a MPAK, p38b MAPK and p38β MAPK, respectively, they all contained the conserved structures of Thr-Gly-Tyr (TGY) motif and substrate binding site Ala-Thr-Arg-Trp (ATRW). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Ec-p38a, p38b and p38β are more closely related to those from fish than mammals. The tissue distribution patterns of Ec-p38a, p38b and p38β were different, and Ec-p38β was up-regulated most obviously in head kidney after Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) infection. Overexpression of Ec-p38β in FHM cells delayed the occurrence of CPE induced by SGIV infection. Further analysis indicated that overexpression of Ec-p38β inhibited viral gene transcription and protein synthesis, as well as SGIV induced typical apoptosis in fish cells. Taken together, our data indicated that Ec-p38β played a crucial role in regulating apoptosis and virus replication during iridovirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Cai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, PR China
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