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Comini G, Kelly R, Jarrin S, Patton T, Narasimhan K, Pandit A, Drummond N, Kunath T, Dowd E. Survival and maturation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived dopaminergic progenitors in the parkinsonian rat brain is enhanced by transplantation in a neurotrophin-enriched hydrogel. J Neural Eng 2024; 21:024002. [PMID: 38479026 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad33b2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Objective.Although human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cell replacement for Parkinson's disease has considerable reparative potential, its full therapeutic benefit is limited by poor graft survival and dopaminergic maturation. Injectable biomaterial scaffolds, such as collagen hydrogels, have the potential to address these issues via a plethora of supportive benefits including acting as a structural scaffold for cell adherence, shielding from the host immune response and providing a reservoir of neurotrophic factors to aid survival and differentiation. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine if a neurotrophin-enriched collagen hydrogel could improve the survival and maturation of iPSC-derived dopaminergic progenitors (iPSC-DAPs) after transplantation into the rat parkinsonian brain.Approach.Human iPSC-DAPs were transplanted into the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned striatum either alone, with the neurotrophins GDNF and BDNF, in an unloaded collagen hydrogel, or in a neurotrophin-loaded collagen hydrogel.Post-mortem, human nuclear immunostaining was used to identify surviving iPSC-DAPs while tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining was used to identify iPSC-DAPs that had differentiated into mature dopaminergic neurons.Main results.We found that iPSC-DAPs transplanted in the neurotrophin-enriched collagen hydrogel survived and matured significantly better than cells implanted without the biomaterial (8 fold improvement in survival and 16 fold improvement in dopaminergic differentiation). This study shows that transplantation of human iPSC-DAPs in a neurotrophin-enriched collagen hydrogel improves graft survival and maturation in the parkinsonian rat brain.Significance.The data strongly supports further investigation of supportive hydrogels for improving the outcome of iPSC-derived brain repair in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Comini
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Rachel Kelly
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sarah Jarrin
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Tommy Patton
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Abhay Pandit
- CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nicola Drummond
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tilo Kunath
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Eilís Dowd
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Laperle AH, Moser VA, Avalos P, Lu B, Wu A, Fulton A, Ramirez S, Garcia VJ, Bell S, Ho R, Lawless G, Roxas K, Shahin S, Shelest O, Svendsen S, Wang S, Svendsen CN. Human iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells secreting GDNF provide protection in rodent models of ALS and retinal degeneration. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:1629-1642. [PMID: 37084724 PMCID: PMC10444557 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a renewable cell source that can be differentiated into neural progenitor cells (iNPCs) and transduced with glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (iNPC-GDNFs). The goal of the current study is to characterize iNPC-GDNFs and test their therapeutic potential and safety. Single-nuclei RNA-seq show iNPC-GDNFs express NPC markers. iNPC-GDNFs delivered into the subretinal space of the Royal College of Surgeons rodent model of retinal degeneration preserve photoreceptors and visual function. Additionally, iNPC-GDNF transplants in the spinal cord of SOD1G93A amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) rats preserve motor neurons. Finally, iNPC-GDNF transplants in the spinal cord of athymic nude rats survive and produce GDNF for 9 months, with no signs of tumor formation or continual cell proliferation. iNPC-GDNFs survive long-term, are safe, and provide neuroprotection in models of both retinal degeneration and ALS, indicating their potential as a combined cell and gene therapy for various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander H Laperle
- Cedars-Sinai Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - V Alexandra Moser
- Cedars-Sinai Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pablo Avalos
- Cedars-Sinai Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bin Lu
- Cedars-Sinai Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amanda Wu
- Cedars-Sinai Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Fulton
- Cedars-Sinai Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephany Ramirez
- Cedars-Sinai Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Veronica J Garcia
- Cedars-Sinai Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shaughn Bell
- Cedars-Sinai Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ritchie Ho
- Cedars-Sinai Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - George Lawless
- Cedars-Sinai Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kristina Roxas
- Cedars-Sinai Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Saba Shahin
- Cedars-Sinai Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Oksana Shelest
- Cedars-Sinai Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Soshana Svendsen
- Cedars-Sinai Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shaomei Wang
- Cedars-Sinai Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Clive N Svendsen
- Cedars-Sinai Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Transplantation of human neural progenitor cells secreting GDNF into the spinal cord of patients with ALS: a phase 1/2a trial. Nat Med 2022; 28:1813-1822. [PMID: 36064599 PMCID: PMC9499868 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01956-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) involves progressive motor neuron loss, leading to paralysis and death typically within 3–5 years of diagnosis. Dysfunctional astrocytes may contribute to disease and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) can be protective. Here we show that human neural progenitor cells transduced with GDNF (CNS10-NPC-GDNF) differentiated to astrocytes protected spinal motor neurons and were safe in animal models. CNS10-NPC-GDNF were transplanted unilaterally into the lumbar spinal cord of 18 ALS participants in a phase 1/2a study (NCT02943850). The primary endpoint of safety at 1 year was met, with no negative effect of the transplant on motor function in the treated leg compared with the untreated leg. Tissue analysis of 13 participants who died of disease progression showed graft survival and GDNF production. Benign neuromas near delivery sites were common incidental findings at post-mortem. This study shows that one administration of engineered neural progenitors can provide new support cells and GDNF delivery to the ALS patient spinal cord for up to 42 months post-transplantation. A phase 1/2a study shows that human neural progenitor cells modified to release the growth factor GDNF are safely transplanted into the spinal cord of patients with ALS, with cell survival and GDNF production for over 3 years.
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Bi F, Xiong J, Han X, Yang C, Li X, Chen G, Guo W, Tian W. Dental follicle cells show potential for treating Parkinson's disease through dopaminergic-neuronogenic differentiation. Hum Cell 2022; 35:1708-1721. [PMID: 36040643 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00774-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Among all the adult stem cells, odontogenic stem cells inherit the characterization of neurogenic potential of their precursor ones-the cranial crest cells. Dental follicle cells (DFCs), one of the special kind of odontogenic stem cells, are raising interest in applying to regenerative medicine for they possess multi-differentiation potential, relatively free access and ethic-friendly characteristic. Parkinson's disease (PD), as one of the common neurodegenerative disorders, affects about 0.3% of the general population. Stem cell therapies are thought to be effective to treat it. Aiming at tackling ethical-concernings, confined sources and practically applicational limits, we made use of dopaminergic neurongenic differentiation potential of the DFCs and dedicated every effort to applying them as promising cell source for treating PD. Dental follicle cells were cultured from human dental follicle tissues collected from 12 to 18-year-old teenagers' completely impacted third molars. Our data demonstrated that hDFCs were expressing mesenchymal stem cell-associated surface markers, and possessed the ability of osteogenic, adipogenic and neurogenic differentiation in vitro. Additionally, hDFCs formed neuron-like cells in vitro and in vivo, as well as expressing dopaminergic-neuronogenic marker-TH. Moreover, hDFCs survived in the transplanted areas of the Parkinson's disease model of mouse over six weeks post-surgery, and the number of TH-positive DFCs in the DFCs-Grafted group surpassed its counterpart of the MPTP group with statistically significant difference. This study indicated that hDFCs might be a promising source of dopaminergic neurons for functional transplantation, and encouraged further detailed studies on the potential of hDFCs for treating PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Bi
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Peoples Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Peoples Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Peoples Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Han
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Peoples Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Peoples Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Peoples Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinghan Li
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Peoples Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoqing Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Peoples Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihua Guo
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Peoples Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Peoples Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Weidong Tian
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Peoples Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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5
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Lee RS, Zandi PP, Santos A, Aulinas A, Carey JL, Webb SM, McCaul ME, Resmini E, Wand GS. Cross-species Association Between Telomere Length and Glucocorticoid Exposure. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e5124-e5135. [PMID: 34265046 PMCID: PMC8787853 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Chronic exposure to glucocorticoids (GCs) or stress increases the risk of medical disorders, including cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric disorders. GCs contribute to accelerated aging; however, while the link between chronic GC exposure and disease onset is well established, the underpinning mechanisms are not clear. OBJECTIVE We explored the potential nexus between GCs or stress exposure and telomere length. METHODS In addition to rats exposed to 3 weeks of chronic stress, an iatrogenic mouse model of Cushing syndrome (CS), and a mouse neuronal cell line, we studied 32 patients with CS and age-matched controls and another cohort of 75 healthy humans. RESULTS (1) Exposure to stress in rats was associated with a 54.5% (P = 0.036) reduction in telomere length in T cells. Genomic DNA (gDNA) extracted from the dentate gyrus of stressed and unstressed rats showed 43.2% reduction in telomere length (P = 0.006). (2) Mice exposed to corticosterone had a 61.4% reduction in telomere length in blood gDNA (P = 5.75 × 10-5) and 58.8% reduction in telomere length in the dentate gyrus (P = 0.002). (3) We observed a 40.8% reduction in the telomere length in patients with active CS compared to healthy controls (P = 0.006). There was a 17.8% reduction in telomere length in cured CS patients, which was not different from that of healthy controls (P = 0.08). For both cured and active CS, telomere length correlated significantly with duration of hypercortisolism (R2 = 0.22, P = 0.007). (4) There was a 27.6% reduction in telomere length between low and high tertiles in bedtime cortisol levels of healthy participants (P = 0.019). CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that exposure to stress and/or GCs is associated with shortened telomeres, which may be partially reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Peter P Zandi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Alicia Santos
- Endocrinology/Medicine Department, Hospital Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER, Unit747), IIB-Sant Pau, ISCIII and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Aulinas
- Endocrinology/Medicine Department, Hospital Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER, Unit747), IIB-Sant Pau, ISCIII and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jenny L Carey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Susan M Webb
- Endocrinology/Medicine Department, Hospital Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER, Unit747), IIB-Sant Pau, ISCIII and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mary E McCaul
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Eugenia Resmini
- Correspondence: Eugenia Resmini, MD, PhD, Endocrinology/Medicine Department, Hospital Sant Pau, CIBER-ER, Unit747, IIB-Sant Pau, ISCIII, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gary S Wand
- Gary S. Wand, MD, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Fossel M. A unified model of dementias and age-related neurodegeneration. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:365-383. [PMID: 31943780 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Wang Z, Zhang L, Labib M, Chen H, Wei M, Poudineh M, Green BJ, Duong B, Das J, Ahmed S, Sargent EH, Kelley SO. Peptide-Functionalized Nanostructured Microarchitectures Enable Rapid Mechanotransductive Differentiation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:41030-41037. [PMID: 31600052 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microenvironmental factors play critical roles in regulating stem cell fate, providing a rationale to engineer biomimetic microenvironments that facilitate rapid and effective stem cell differentiation. Three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical microarchitectures have been developed to enable rapid neural differentiation of multipotent human mesenchymal stromal cells (HMSCs) via mechanotransduction. However, low cell viability during long-term culture and poor cell recovery efficiency from the architectures were also observed. Such problems hinder further applications of the architectures in stem cell differentiation. Here, we present improved 3D nanostructured microarchitectures functionalized with cell-adhesion-promoting arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD) peptides. These RGD-functionalized architectures significantly upregulated long-term cell viability and facilitated effective recovery of differentiated cells from the architectures while maintaining high differentiation efficiency. Efficient recovery of highly viable differentiated cells enabled the downstream analysis of morphology and protein expression to be performed. Remarkably, even after the removal of the mechanical stimulus provided by the 3D microarchitectures, the recovered HMSCs showed a neuron-like elongated morphology for 10 days and consistently expressed microtubule-associated protein 2, a mature neural marker. RGD-functionalized nanostructured microarchitectures hold great potential to guide effective differentiation of highly viable stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjie Wang
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr., Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto M5S 3G4 , Canada
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto M5S 3G9 , Canada
| | - Libing Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Toronto , Toronto M5S 3M2 , Canada
| | - Mahmoud Labib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Toronto , Toronto M5S 3M2 , Canada
| | - Haijie Chen
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr., Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto M5S 3G4 , Canada
| | - Mingyang Wei
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr., Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto M5S 3G4 , Canada
| | - Mahla Poudineh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Toronto , Toronto M5S 3M2 , Canada
| | - Brenda J Green
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto M5S 3G9 , Canada
| | - Bill Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , University of Toronto , Toronto M5S 1A8 , Canada
| | - Jagotamoy Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Toronto , Toronto M5S 3M2 , Canada
| | - Sharif Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Toronto , Toronto M5S 3M2 , Canada
| | - Edward H Sargent
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr., Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto M5S 3G4 , Canada
| | - Shana O Kelley
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto M5S 3G9 , Canada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Toronto , Toronto M5S 3M2 , Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , University of Toronto , Toronto M5S 1A8 , Canada
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Chanoumidou K, Mozafari S, Baron-Van Evercooren A, Kuhlmann T. Stem cell derived oligodendrocytes to study myelin diseases. Glia 2019; 68:705-720. [PMID: 31633852 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendroglial pathology is central to de- and dysmyelinating, but also contributes to neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases as well as brain injury. The understanding of oligodendroglial biology in health and disease has been significantly increased during recent years by experimental in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies as well as histological analyses of human tissue samples. However, for many of these diseases the underlying pathology is still not fully understood and treatment options are frequently lacking. This is at least partly caused by the limited access to human oligodendrocytes from patients to perform functional studies and drug screens. The induced pluripotent stem cell technology (iPSC) represents a possibility to circumvent this obstacle and paves new ways to study human disease and to develop new treatment options for so far incurable central nervous system (CNS) diseases. In this review, we summarize the differences between human and rodent oligodendrocytes, provide an overview of the different techniques to generate oligodendrocytes from human progenitor or stem cells and describe the results from studies using iPSC derived oligodendroglial lineage cells. Furthermore, we discuss future perspectives and challenges of the iPSC technology with respect to disease modeling, drug screen, and cell transplantation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabah Mozafari
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière-Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM, U1127; CNRS, UMR 7225; Sorbonne Université UM-75, Paris, France
| | - Anne Baron-Van Evercooren
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière-Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM, U1127; CNRS, UMR 7225; Sorbonne Université UM-75, Paris, France
| | - Tanja Kuhlmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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Derivation of Neural Stem Cells from the Developing and Adult Human Brain. Results Probl Cell Differ 2019. [PMID: 30209653 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-93485-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Neural stem cells isolated from the developing and adult brain are an ideal source of cells for use in clinical applications such as cell replacement therapy. The clear advantage of these cells over the more commonly utilised embryonic and pluripotent stem cells is that they are already neurally committed. Of particular importance is the fact that these cells don't require the same level of in vitro culture that can be cost and labour intensive. Foetal neural stem cells can be readily derived from the foetal brain and expand in culture over time. Similarly, adult stem cells have been explored for their potential in vitro and in vivo animal models. In this chapter we identify the progress made in developing these cells as well as the advantages of taking them forward for clinical use.
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10
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Zalfa C, Rota Nodari L, Vacchi E, Gelati M, Profico D, Boido M, Binda E, De Filippis L, Copetti M, Garlatti V, Daniele P, Rosati J, De Luca A, Pinos F, Cajola L, Visioli A, Mazzini L, Vercelli A, Svelto M, Vescovi AL, Ferrari D. Transplantation of clinical-grade human neural stem cells reduces neuroinflammation, prolongs survival and delays disease progression in the SOD1 rats. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:345. [PMID: 31024007 PMCID: PMC6484011 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1582-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are emerging as a therapeutic option for incurable diseases, such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). However, critical issues are related to their origin as well as to the need to deepen our knowledge of the therapeutic actions exerted by these cells. Here, we investigate the therapeutic potential of clinical-grade human neural stem cells (hNSCs) that have been successfully used in a recently concluded phase I clinical trial for ALS patients (NCT01640067). The hNSCs were transplanted bilaterally into the anterior horns of the lumbar spinal cord (four grafts each, segments L3–L4) of superoxide dismutase 1 G93A transgenic rats (SOD1 rats) at the symptomatic stage. Controls included untreated SOD1 rats (CTRL) and those treated with HBSS (HBSS). Motor symptoms and histological hallmarks of the disease were evaluated at three progressive time points: 15 and 40 days after transplant (DAT), and end stage. Animals were treated by transient immunosuppression (for 15 days, starting at time of transplantation). Under these conditions, hNSCs integrated extensively within the cord, differentiated into neural phenotypes and migrated rostro-caudally, up to 3.77 ± 0.63 cm from the injection site. The transplanted cells delayed decreases in body weight and deterioration of motor performance in the SOD1 rats. At 40DAT, the anterior horns at L3–L4 revealed a higher density of motoneurons and fewer activated astroglial and microglial cells. Accordingly, the overall survival of transplanted rats was significantly enhanced with no rejection of hNSCs observed. We demonstrated that the beneficial effects observed after stem cell transplantation arises from multiple events that counteract several aspects of the disease, a crucial feature for multifactorial diseases, such as ALS. The combination of therapeutic approaches that target different pathogenic mechanisms of the disorder, including pharmacology, molecular therapy and cell transplantation, will increase the chances of a clinically successful therapy for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Zalfa
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Rota Nodari
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Vacchi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Gelati
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Production Unit of Advanced Therapies (UPTA), Institute for Stem-Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Daniela Profico
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Production Unit of Advanced Therapies (UPTA), Institute for Stem-Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Marina Boido
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Binda
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Cancer Stem Cells Unit, Institute for Stem-Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, (FG), Italy
| | - Lidia De Filippis
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, (FG), Italy
| | - Massimiliano Copetti
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Bioinformatics Unit, Viale dei Cappuccini, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, (FG), Italy
| | - Valentina Garlatti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Daniele
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Molecular Genetics Unit, Viale dei Cappuccini, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, (FG), Italy
| | - Jessica Rosati
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Cellular Reprogramming Unit, San Giovanni Rotondo, (FG), Italy
| | - Alessandro De Luca
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Molecular Genetics Unit, Viale dei Cappuccini, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, (FG), Italy
| | - Francesca Pinos
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Cajola
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Letizia Mazzini
- Centro Regionale Esperto SLA Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Maggiore della Carità", Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vercelli
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Svelto
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Luigi Vescovi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milan, Italy. .,Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Production Unit of Advanced Therapies (UPTA), Institute for Stem-Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy. .,Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
| | - Daniela Ferrari
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milan, Italy.
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11
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Tuazon JP, Castelli V, Lee JY, Desideri GB, Stuppia L, Cimini AM, Borlongan CV. Neural Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1201:79-91. [PMID: 31898782 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-31206-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation has provided the basis for the development of potentially powerful new therapeutic cell-based strategies for a broad spectrum of clinical diseases, including stroke, psychiatric illnesses such as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, and cancer. Here, we discuss pertinent preclinical investigations involving NSCs, including how NSCs can ameliorate these diseases, the current barriers hindering NSC-based treatments, and future directions for NSC research. There are still many translational requirements to overcome before clinical therapeutic applications, such as establishing optimal dosing, route of delivery, and timing regimens and understanding the exact mechanism by which transplanted NSCs lead to enhanced recovery. Such critical lab-to-clinic investigations will be necessary in order to refine NSC-based therapies for debilitating human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian P Tuazon
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Vanessa Castelli
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jea-Young Lee
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Liborio Stuppia
- Department of Psychological, Humanistic and Territorial Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
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12
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Gopurappilly R, Deb BK, Chakraborty P, Hasan G. Stable STIM1 Knockdown in Self-Renewing Human Neural Precursors Promotes Premature Neural Differentiation. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:178. [PMID: 29942250 PMCID: PMC6004407 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ signaling plays a significant role in the development of the vertebrate nervous system where it regulates neurite growth as well as synapse and neurotransmitter specification. Elucidating the role of Ca2+ signaling in mammalian neuronal development has been largely restricted to either small animal models or primary cultures. Here we derived human neural precursor cells (NPCs) from human embryonic stem cells to understand the functional significance of a less understood arm of calcium signaling, Store-operated Ca2+ entry or SOCE, in neuronal development. Human NPCs exhibited robust SOCE, which was significantly attenuated by expression of a stable shRNA-miR targeted toward the SOCE molecule, STIM1. Along with the plasma membrane channel Orai, STIM is an essential component of SOCE in many cell types, where it regulates gene expression. Therefore, we measured global gene expression in human NPCs with and without STIM1 knockdown. Interestingly, pathways down-regulated through STIM1 knockdown were related to cell proliferation and DNA replication processes, whereas post-synaptic signaling was identified as an up-regulated process. To understand the functional significance of these gene expression changes we measured the self-renewal capacity of NPCs with STIM1 knockdown. The STIM1 knockdown NPCs demonstrated significantly reduced neurosphere size and number as well as precocious spontaneous differentiation toward the neuronal lineage, as compared to control cells. These findings demonstrate that STIM1 mediated SOCE in human NPCs regulates gene expression changes, that in vivo are likely to physiologically modulate the self-renewal and differentiation of NPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjitha Gopurappilly
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Bipan Kumar Deb
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Pragnya Chakraborty
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Gaiti Hasan
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, India
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13
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Liu MY, Nemes A, Zhou QG. The Emerging Roles for Telomerase in the Central Nervous System. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:160. [PMID: 29867352 PMCID: PMC5964194 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase, a specialized ribonucleoprotein enzyme complex, maintains telomere length at the 3′ end of chromosomes, and functions importantly in stem cells, cancer and aging. Telomerase exists in neural stem cells (NSCs) and neural progenitor cells (NPCs), at a high level in the developing and adult brains of humans and rodents. Increasing studies have demonstrated that telomerase in NSCs/NPCs plays important roles in cell proliferation, neuronal differentiation, neuronal survival and neuritogenesis. In addition, recent works have shown that telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) can protect newborn neurons from apoptosis and excitotoxicity. However, to date, the link between telomerase and diseases in the central nervous system (CNS) is not well reviewed. Here, we analyze the evidence and summarize the important roles of telomerase in the CNS. Understanding the roles of telomerase in the nervous system is not only important to gain further insight into the process of the neural cell life cycle but would also provide novel therapeutic applications in CNS diseases such as neurodegenerative condition, mood disorders, aging and other ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ying Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Ashley Nemes
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Qi-Gang Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
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14
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Lippert T, Gelineau L, Napoli E, Borlongan CV. Harnessing neural stem cells for treating psychiatric symptoms associated with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and epilepsy. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 80:10-22. [PMID: 28365374 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Brain insults with progressive neurodegeneration are inherent in pathological symptoms that represent many psychiatric illnesses. Neural network disruptions characterized by impaired neurogenesis have been recognized to precede, accompany, and possibly even exacerbate the evolution and progression of symptoms of psychiatric disorders. Here, we focus on the neurodegeneration and the resulting psychiatric symptoms observed in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and epilepsy, in an effort to show that these two diseases are candidate targets for stem cell therapy. In particular, we provide preclinical evidence in the transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in both conditions, highlighting the potential of this cell-based treatment for correcting the psychiatric symptoms that plague these two disorders. Additionally, we discuss the challenges of NSC transplantation and offer insights into the mechanisms that may mediate the therapeutic benefits and can be exploited to overcome the hurdles of translating this therapy from the laboratory to the clinic. Our ultimate goal is to advance stem cell therapy for the treatment of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trenton Lippert
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd. MDC 78, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Lindsey Gelineau
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd. MDC 78, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Eleonora Napoli
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, 3011 VM3B 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA..
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd. MDC 78, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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15
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Fu KZ, Li J, Vemula S, Moe B, Li XF. Effects of halobenzoquinone and haloacetic acid water disinfection byproducts on human neural stem cells. J Environ Sci (China) 2017; 58:239-249. [PMID: 28774615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Human neural stem cells (hNSCs) are a useful tool to assess the developmental effects of various environmental contaminants; however, the application of hNSCs to evaluate water disinfection byproducts (DBPs) is scarce. Comprehensive toxicological results are essential to the prioritization of DBPs for further testing and regulation. Therefore, this study examines the effects of DBPs on the proliferation and differentiation of hNSCs. Prior to DBP treatment, characteristic protein markers of hNSCs from passages 3 to 6 were carefully examined and it was determined that hNSCs passaged 3 or 4 times maintained stem cell characteristics and can be used for DBP analysis. Two regulated DBPs, monobromoacetic acid (BAA) and monochloroacetic acid (CAA), and two emerging DBPs, 2,6-dibromo-1,4-benzoquinone (2,6-DBBQ) and 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (2,6-DCBQ), were chosen for hNSC treatment. Both 2,6-DBBQ and 2,6-DCBQ induced cell cycle arrest at S-phase at concentrations up to 1μmol/L. Comparatively, BAA and CAA at 0.5μmol/L affected neural differentiation. These results suggest DBP-dependent effects on hNSC proliferation and differentiation. The DBP-induced cell cycle arrest and inhibition of normal hNSC differentiation demonstrate the need to assess the developmental neurotoxicity of DBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Z Fu
- Division of Analytical & Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Jinhua Li
- Division of Analytical & Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Sai Vemula
- Division of Analytical & Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Birget Moe
- Division of Analytical & Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada; Alberta Centre for Toxicology, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division of Analytical & Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada.
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16
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Bicknese AR, Goodwin HS, Quinn CO, Henderson VCD, Chien SN, Wall DA. Human Umbilical Cord Blood Cells can be Induced to Express Markers for Neurons and Glia. Cell Transplant 2017; 11:261-264. [DOI: 10.3727/096020197390022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare cells are present in human umbilical cord blood that do not express the hematopoietic marker CD45 and in culture do not produce cells of hematopoietic lineage. These umbilical cord multipotent stem cells (UC-MC) behave as multilineage progenitor cells (stem cells) and can be expanded in tissue culture. Exposure to basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) for a minimum of 7 days in culture induces expression of neural and glial markers. Western immunoblots demonstrate expression of both β-tubulin III and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Immunocytochemistry of the cells showed intense labeling to both compounds on the intracellular cytoskeleton. The oligodendrocyte cell surface marker galactocerebroside (Gal-C) was present on most cells. Many cells show dual labeling, expressing both neuronal and glial markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma R. Bicknese
- Departments of Neurology, Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Departments of Pediatrics of Saint Louis University, Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Departments of The Pediatric Research Institute, Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Holly S. Goodwin
- Departments of The Pediatric Research Institute, Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Cheryl O. Quinn
- Departments of Pediatrics of Saint Louis University, Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Departments of The Pediatric Research Institute, Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | | | - Shin-Nan Chien
- Departments of The Pediatric Research Institute, Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Donna A. Wall
- Departments of Pediatrics of Saint Louis University, Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Departments of The Pediatric Research Institute, Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110
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17
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Jain M, Armstrong RJE, Elneil S, Barker RA. Transplanted Human Neural Precursor Cells Migrate Widely but Show no Lesion-Specific Tropism in the 6-Hydroxydopamine Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Cell Transplant 2017; 15:579-93. [PMID: 17176610 DOI: 10.3727/000000006783981684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), while primarily associated with degeneration of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons, is now increasingly recognized to have more widespread cell loss and so the most effective cell replacement therapy should target all these neuronal losses. Neural precursor cells might be ideal in this regard as in certain circumstances they have been shown to migrate widely following transplantation into the CNS. The aim of this study was to investigate whether transplanted human expanded neural precursor cells (hENPs) could migrate to sites of established or evolving pathology in the adult brain using the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat model of PD. hENPs were grafted into the striatum prior to, at the same time as, or after the animals received a 6-OHDA lesion to the medial forebrain bundle. The presence of donor cells was then assessed in a distant site of cell loss (substantia nigra) or sites where cell death would not be expected (frontal cortex and globus pallidus). Donor cells were found distant from the site of implantation but the migration of these hENPs was not significantly greater in the 6-OHDA-lesioned brain and the cells did not specifically target the site of cell loss in the substantia nigra. The temporal relationship of grafting relative to the lesion, and therefore dopaminergic cell death, did not affect the migration of hENPs nor their differentiation. We conclude that while transplanted hENPs are capable of migration away from the site of implantation, they show no specific tropism for sites of ongoing or established nigral dopaminergic cell loss in this lesion model. Therefore, the use of such cells to replace the range of neurons lost in PD is likely to require a deeper understanding of the migratory cues in the damaged adult brain and some manipulation of these cells prior to transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jain
- Cambridge University Centre for Brain Repair, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 2PY, UK
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18
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Hodges H, Pollock K, Stroemer P, Patel S, Stevanato L, Reuter I, Sinden J. Making Stem Cell Lines Suitable for Transplantation. Cell Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.3727/000000007783464605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human stem cells, progenitor cells, and cell lines have been derived from embryonic, fetal, and adult sources in the search for graft tissue suitable for the treatment of CNS disorders. An increasing number of experimental studies have shown that grafts from several sources survive, differentiate into distinct cell types, and exert positive functional effects in experimental animal models, but little attention has been given to developing cells under conditions of good manufacturing practice (GMP) that can be scaled up for mass treatment. The capacity for continued division of stem cells in culture offers the opportunity to expand their production to meet the widespread clinical demands posed by neurodegenerative diseases. However, maintaining stem cell division in culture long term, while ensuring differentiation after transplantation, requires genetic and/or oncogenetic manipulations, which may affect the genetic stability and in vivo survival of cells. This review outlines the stages, selection criteria, problems, and ultimately the successes arising in the development of conditionally immortal clinical grade stem cell lines, which divide in vitro, differentiate in vivo, and exert positive functional effects. These processes are specifically exemplified by the murine MHP36 cell line, conditionally immortalized by a temperature-sensitive mutant of the SV40 large T antigen, and cell lines transfected with the c-myc protein fused with a mutated estrogen receptor (c-mycERTAM), regulated by a tamoxifen metabolite, but the issues raised are common to all routes for the development of effective clinical grade cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Hodges
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College, London, UK
- ReNeuron Ltd., Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Iris Reuter
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, University of Giessen and Marburg, Germany
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19
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Increasing Human Neural Stem Cell Transplantation Dose Alters Oligodendroglial and Neuronal Differentiation after Spinal Cord Injury. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:1534-1548. [PMID: 28479305 PMCID: PMC5469937 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent human central nervous system-derived neural stem cells transplanted at doses ranging from 10,000 (low) to 500,000 (very high) cells differentiated predominantly into the oligodendroglial lineage. However, while the number of engrafted cells increased linearly in relationship to increasing dose, the proportion of oligodendrocytic cells declined. Increasing dose resulted in a plateau of engraftment, enhanced neuronal differentiation, and increased distal migration caudal to the transplantation sites. Dose had no effect on terminal sensory recovery or open-field locomotor scores. However, total human cell number and decreased oligodendroglial proportion were correlated with hindlimb girdle coupling errors. Conversely, greater oligodendroglial proportion was correlated with increased Ab step pattern, decreased swing speed, and increased paw intensity, consistent with improved recovery. These data suggest that transplant dose, and/or target niche parameters can regulate donor cell engraftment, differentiation/maturation, and lineage-specific migration profiles. SCI niche may have a limited capacity for donor cell engraftment Dose alters the donor cell lineage-specific fate and migration profile Increasing hindlimb girdle couplings errors may be due to increased total cell numbers Greater proportion of oligodendroglial cells improves locomotor recovery
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20
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Goldberg NRS, Marsh SE, Ochaba J, Shelley BC, Davtyan H, Thompson LM, Steffan JS, Svendsen CN, Blurton-Jones M. Human Neural Progenitor Transplantation Rescues Behavior and Reduces α-Synuclein in a Transgenic Model of Dementia with Lewy Bodies. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1477-1490. [PMID: 28225193 PMCID: PMC5464354 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies are a group of neurodegenerative disorders sharing the common feature of misfolding and accumulation of the presynaptic protein α‐synuclein (α‐syn) into insoluble aggregates. Within this diverse group, Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) is characterized by the aberrant accumulation of α‐syn in cortical, hippocampal, and brainstem neurons, resulting in multiple cellular stressors that particularly impair dopamine and glutamate neurotransmission and related motor and cognitive function. Recent studies show that murine neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation can improve cognitive or motor function in transgenic models of Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease, and DLB. However, examination of clinically relevant human NSCs in these models is hindered by the challenges of xenotransplantation and the confounding effects of immunosuppressant drugs on pathology and behavior. To address this challenge, we developed an immune‐deficient transgenic model of DLB that lacks T‐, B‐, and NK‐cells, yet exhibits progressive accumulation of human α‐syn (h‐α‐syn)‐laden inclusions and cognitive and motor impairments. We demonstrate that clinically relevant human neural progenitor cells (line CNS10‐hNPCs) survive, migrate extensively and begin to differentiate preferentially into astrocytes following striatal transplantation into this DLB model. Critically, grafted CNS10‐hNPCs rescue both cognitive and motor deficits after 1 and 3 months and, furthermore, restore striatal dopamine and glutamate systems. These behavioral and neurochemical benefits are likely achieved by reducing α‐syn oligomers. Collectively, these results using a new model of DLB demonstrate that hNPC transplantation can impact a broad array of disease mechanisms and phenotypes and suggest a cellular therapeutic strategy that should be pursued. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:1477–1490
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie R S Goldberg
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Irvine, California, USA.,Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Irvine, California, USA.,Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Samuel E Marsh
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Irvine, California, USA.,Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Irvine, California, USA.,Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Joseph Ochaba
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Irvine, California, USA.,Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Brandon C Shelley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hayk Davtyan
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, California, USA
| | - Leslie M Thompson
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Irvine, California, USA.,Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Irvine, California, USA.,Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Joan S Steffan
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Clive N Svendsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mathew Blurton-Jones
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Irvine, California, USA.,Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Irvine, California, USA.,Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, Irvine, California, USA
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21
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Barzilai A, Schumacher B, Shiloh Y. Genome instability: Linking ageing and brain degeneration. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 161:4-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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22
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Dell'Anno MT, Strittmatter SM. Rewiring the spinal cord: Direct and indirect strategies. Neurosci Lett 2016; 652:25-34. [PMID: 28007647 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is currently incurable. Treatment is limited to minimizing secondary complications and maximizing residual function by rehabilitation. Neurologic recovery is prevented by the poor intrinsic regenerative capacity of neurons in the adult central nervous system and by the presence of growth inhibitors in the adult brain and spinal cord. Here we identify three approaches to rewire the spinal cord after injury: axonal regeneration (direct endogenous reconnection), axonal sprouting (indirect endogenous reconnection) and neural stem cell transplantation (indirect exogenous reconnection). Regeneration and sprouting of axonal fibers can be both enhanced through the neutralization of myelin- and extracellular matrix-associated inhibitors described in the first part of this review. Alternatively, in the second part we focus on the formation of a novel circuit through the grafting of neural stem cells in the lesion site. Transplanted neural stem cells differentiate in vivo into neurons and glial cells which form an intermediate station between the rostral and caudal segment of the recipient spinal cord. In particular, here we describe how neural stem cells-derived neurons are endowed with the ability to extend long-distance axons to regain the transmission of motor and sensory information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Dell'Anno
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration & Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
| | - Stephen M Strittmatter
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration & Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA.
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23
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Vagaska B, Ferretti P. Toward modeling the human nervous system in a dish: recent progress and outstanding challenges. Regen Med 2016; 12:15-23. [PMID: 27900887 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2016-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying the cellular and molecular bases governing development, and normal and abnormal functions of the human CNS is hampered by its complexity and the very limited possibility of experimentally manipulating it in vivo. Development of 3D, tissue-like culture systems offers much promise for boosting our understanding of human neural development, birth defects, neurodegenerative diseases and neural injury, and for providing platforms that will more accurately predict efficacy of putative therapeutic compounds and assess responses to potentially neurotoxic agents. Although novel technological developments and a more interdisciplinary approach to modeling the human CNS are accelerating the pace of discovery, increasing the complexity of in vitro systems increases the ordeals to be overcome to establish highly reproducible models amenable to quantitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Vagaska
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Patrizia Ferretti
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
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24
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Dietz KC, Polanco JJ, Pol SU, Sim FJ. Targeting human oligodendrocyte progenitors for myelin repair. Exp Neurol 2016; 283:489-500. [PMID: 27001544 PMCID: PMC5666574 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte development has been studied for several decades, and has served as a model system for both neurodevelopmental and stem/progenitor cell biology. Until recently, the vast majority of studies have been conducted in lower species, especially those focused on rodent development and remyelination. In humans, the process of myelination requires the generation of vastly more myelinating glia, occurring over a period of years rather than weeks. Furthermore, as evidenced by the presence of chronic demyelination in a variety of human neurologic diseases, it appears likely that the mechanisms that regulate development and become dysfunctional in disease may be, in key ways, divergent across species. Improvements in isolation techniques, applied to primary human neural and oligodendrocyte progenitors from both fetal and adult brain, as well as advancements in the derivation of defined progenitors from human pluripotent stem cells, have begun to reveal the extent of both species-conserved signaling pathways and potential key differences at cellular and molecular levels. In this article, we will review the commonalities and differences in myelin development between rodents and man, describing the approaches used to study human oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination, as well as heterogeneity within targetable progenitor pools, and discuss the advances made in determining which conserved pathways may be both modeled in rodents and translate into viable therapeutic strategies to promote myelin repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen C Dietz
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, 3435 Main Street, 119 Farber Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States.
| | - Jessie J Polanco
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, 3435 Main Street, 119 Farber Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States.
| | - Suyog U Pol
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, 3435 Main Street, 119 Farber Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States.
| | - Fraser J Sim
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, 3435 Main Street, 119 Farber Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States.
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25
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Shen Y, Huang J, Liu L, Xu X, Han C, Zhang G, Jiang H, Li J, Lin Z, Xiong N, Wang T. A Compendium of Preparation and Application of Stem Cells in Parkinson's Disease: Current Status and Future Prospects. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:117. [PMID: 27303288 PMCID: PMC4885841 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a progressively neurodegenerative disorder, implicitly characterized by a stepwise loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and explicitly marked by bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremor and postural instability. Currently, therapeutic approaches available are mainly palliative strategies, including L-3,4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine (L-DOPA) replacement therapy, DA receptor agonist and deep brain stimulation (DBS) procedures. As the disease proceeds, however, the pharmacotherapeutic efficacy is inevitably worn off, worse still, implicated by side effects of motor response oscillations as well as L-DOPA induced dyskinesia (LID). Therefore, the frustrating status above has propeled the shift to cell replacement therapy (CRT), a promising restorative therapy intending to secure a long-lasting relief of patients' symptoms. By far, stem cell lines of multifarious origins have been established, which can be further categorized into embryonic stem cells (ESCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), induced neural stem cells (iNSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In this review, we intend to present a compendium of preparation and application of multifarious stem cells, especially in relation to PD research and therapy. In addition, the current status, potential challenges and future prospects for practical CRT in PD patients will be elaborated as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Jinsha Huang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Han
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Zhicheng Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, and Mailman Neuroscience Research Center, McLean Hospital Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Nian Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
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26
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Yousefi F, Ebtekar M, Soudi S, Soleimani M, Hashemi SM. In vivo immunomodulatory effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells conditioned medium in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Immunol Lett 2016; 172:94-105. [PMID: 26930038 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are well known to possess neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects, due to cell-to-cell interaction and their soluble factors. We conducted a comparative analysis of the immunomodulatory properties of adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) and their conditioned media (CM), derived from C57/BL6 mice, for mitigating the adverse clinical course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We measure IL4, IL17 and IFNɣ production of supernatant from spleen cells. We analyzed brain cell infiltration, splenocyte proliferation and evaluated the percentage of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+splenic cell population in all EAE C57/BL6 mice. AT-MSCs and its conditioned medium induced CD4+CD25+FOXP3+regulatory T cells after in vitro co-culture with naïve T cells. There is no significant difference in the clinical scores and body weight of EAE mice treated with AT-MSCs and CM. The reduction in proliferative responses and brain cell infiltration was more pronounced in mice injected with CM than other groups. It is found that the percentage of splenic CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ population as well as the level of IL4 production in mice administrated with AT-MSCs is increased compared to other animals. Our results suggest that AT-MSCs-derived CM is promising in stem cell therapy, due to their neuroprotective and immunomudulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forouzan Yousefi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoumeh Ebtekar
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sara Soudi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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27
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Ye LJ, Bian H, Fan YD, Wang ZB, Yu HL, Ma YY, Chen F. Rhesus monkey neural stem cell transplantation promotes neural regeneration in rats with hippocampal lesions. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:1464-1470. [PMID: 27857751 PMCID: PMC5090850 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.191221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhesus monkey neural stem cells are capable of differentiating into neurons and glial cells. Therefore, neural stem cell transplantation can be used to promote functional recovery of the nervous system. Rhesus monkey neural stem cells (1 × 105 cells/μL) were injected into bilateral hippocampi of rats with hippocampal lesions. Confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrated that green fluorescent protein-labeled transplanted cells survived and grew well. Transplanted cells were detected at the lesion site, but also in the nerve fiber-rich region of the cerebral cortex and corpus callosum. Some transplanted cells differentiated into neurons and glial cells clustering along the ventricular wall, and integrated into the recipient brain. Behavioral tests revealed that spatial learning and memory ability improved, indicating that rhesus monkey neural stem cells noticeably improve spatial learning and memory abilities in rats with hippocampal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Ye
- Department of Pathology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China; Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China; Second Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hui Bian
- Department of Physiology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yao-Dong Fan
- Department of Pathology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zheng-Bo Wang
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hua-Lin Yu
- Second Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yuan-Ye Ma
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Radiology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
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28
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Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans as novel markers of human neural stem cell fate determination. Stem Cell Res 2016; 16:92-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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29
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Piltti KM, Avakian SN, Funes GM, Hu A, Uchida N, Anderson AJ, Cummings BJ. Transplantation dose alters the dynamics of human neural stem cell engraftment, proliferation and migration after spinal cord injury. Stem Cell Res 2015; 15:341-53. [PMID: 26298025 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of transplantation dose on the spatiotemporal dynamics of human neural stem cell (hNSC) engraftment has not been quantitatively evaluated in the central nervous system. We investigated changes over time in engraftment/survival, proliferation, and migration of multipotent human central nervous system-derived neural stem cells (hCNS-SCns) transplanted at doses ranging from 10,000 to 500,000 cells in spinal cord injured immunodeficient mice. Transplant dose was inversely correlated with measures of donor cell proliferation at 2 weeks post-transplant (WPT) and dose-normalized engraftment at 16 WPT. Critically, mice receiving the highest cell dose exhibited an engraftment plateau, in which the total number of engrafted human cells never exceeded the initial dose. These data suggest that donor cell expansion was inversely regulated by target niche parameters and/or transplantation density. Investigation of the response of donor cells to the host microenvironment should be a key variable in defining target cell dose in pre-clinical models of CNS disease and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja M Piltti
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, USA; Physical & Medical Rehabilitation, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments & Neurological Disorders, USA; Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Sabrina N Avakian
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, USA; Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Gabriella M Funes
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, USA; Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Antoinette Hu
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, USA; Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | | | - Aileen J Anderson
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, USA; Physical & Medical Rehabilitation, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments & Neurological Disorders, USA; Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Brian J Cummings
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, USA; Physical & Medical Rehabilitation, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments & Neurological Disorders, USA; Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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30
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Bernau K, Lewis CM, Petelinsek AM, Reagan MS, Niles DJ, Mattis VB, Meyerand ME, Suzuki M, Svendsen CN. In Vivo Tracking of Human Neural Progenitor Cells in the Rat Brain Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging Is Not Enhanced by Ferritin Expression. Cell Transplant 2015; 25:575-92. [PMID: 26160767 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x688614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid growth in the field of stem cell research has generated a lot of interest in their therapeutic use, especially in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Specifically, human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs), unique in their capability to differentiate into cells of the neural lineage, have been widely investigated due to their ability to survive, thrive, and migrate toward injured tissues. Still, one of the major roadblocks for clinical applicability arises from the inability to monitor these cells following transplantation. Molecular imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have been explored to assess hNPC transplant location, migration, and survival. Here we investigated whether inducing hNPCs to overexpress ferritin (hNPCs(Fer)), an iron storage protein, is sufficient to track these cells long term in the rat striatum using MRI. We found that increased hypointensity on MRI images could establish hNPC(Fer) location. Unexpectedly, however, wild-type hNPC transplants were detected in a similar manner, which is likely due to increased iron accumulation following transplantation-induced damage. Hence, we labeled hNPCs with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles to further increase iron content in an attempt to enhance cell contrast in MRI. SPIO-labeling of hNPCs (hNPCs-SPIO) achieved increased hypointensity, with significantly greater area of decreased T2* compared to hNPC(Fer) (p < 0.0001) and all other controls used. However, none of the techniques could be used to determine graft rejection in vivo, which is imperative for understanding cell behavior following transplantation. We conclude that in order for cell survival to be monitored in preclinical and clinical settings, another molecular imaging technique must be employed, including perhaps multimodal imaging, which would utilize MRI along with another imaging modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenija Bernau
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, WI, USA
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31
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Sethi R, Sethi R, Redmond A, Lavik E. Olfactory ensheathing cells promote differentiation of neural stem cells and robust neurite extension. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2015; 10:772-85. [PMID: 24996386 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9539-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The goal of this study was to gain insight into the signaling between olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) and neural stem cells (NSCs). We sought to understand the impact of OECs on NSC differentiation and neurite extension and to begin to elucidate the factors involved in these interactions to provide new targets for therapeutic interventions. MATERIALS AND METHODS We utilized lines of OECs that have been extremely well characterized in vitro and in vivo along with well studied NSCs in gels to determine the impact of the coculture in three dimensions. To further elucidate the signaling, we used conditioned media from the OECs as well as fractioned components on NSCs to determine the molecular weight range of the soluble factors that was most responsible for the NSC behavior. RESULTS We found that the coculture of NSCs and OECs led to robust NSC differentiation and extremely long neural processes not usually seen with NSCs in three dimensional gels in vitro. Through culture of NSCs with fractioned OEC media, we determined that molecules larger than 30 kDa have the greatest impact on the NSC behavior. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings suggest that cocultures of NSCs and OECs may be a novel combination therapy for neural injuries including spinal cord injury (SCI). Furthermore, we have identified a class of molecules which plays a substantial role in the behavior that provides new targets for investigating pharmacological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosh Sethi
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,
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32
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Lee SW, Lee HJ, Hwang HS, Ko K, Han DW, Ko K. Optimization of Matrigel-based culture for expansion of neural stem cells. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2015.1035750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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33
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Chang YJ, Su HL, Hsu LF, Huang PJ, Wang TH, Cheng FC, Hsu LW, Tsai MS, Chen CP, Chang YL, Chao AS, Hwang SM. Isolation of Human Neural Stem Cells from the Amniotic Fluid with Diagnosed Neural Tube Defects. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1740-50. [PMID: 25923707 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Human neural stem cells (NSCs) are particularly valuable for the study of neurogenesis process and have a therapeutic potential in treating neurodegenerative disorders. However, current progress in the use of human NSCs is limited due to the available NSC sources and the complicated isolation and culture techniques. In this study, we describe an efficient method to isolate and propagate human NSCs from the amniotic fluid with diagnosed neural tube defects (NTDs), specifically, anencephaly. These amniotic fluid-derived NSCs (AF-NSCs) formed neurospheres and underwent long-term expansion in vitro. In addition, these cells showed normal karyotypes and telomerase activity and expressed NSC-specific markers, including Nestin, Sox2, Musashi-1, and the ATP-binding cassette G2 (ABCG2). AF-NSCs displayed typical morphological patterns and expressed specific markers that were consistent with neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and dopaminergic neurons after proper induction conditions. Furthermore, grafted AF-NSCs improved the physiological functions in a rat stroke model. The ability to isolate and bank human NSCs from this novel source provides a unique opportunity for translational studies of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Chang
- 1 Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute , Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Lin Su
- 2 Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Feng Hsu
- 1 Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute , Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jui Huang
- 2 Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hao Wang
- 3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lin-Kou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University , Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chou Cheng
- 4 Stem Cell Center and Department of Education and Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wen Hsu
- 1 Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute , Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Song Tsai
- 5 Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Cathay General Hospital , Taipei, Taiwan .,6 School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University , New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ping Chen
- 7 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Lung Chang
- 3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lin-Kou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University , Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - An-Shine Chao
- 3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lin-Kou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University , Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shiaw-Min Hwang
- 1 Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute , Hsinchu, Taiwan
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34
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Knippenberg S, Rath KJ, Böselt S, Thau-Habermann N, Schwarz SC, Dengler R, Wegner F, Petri S. Intraspinal administration of human spinal cord-derived neural progenitor cells in the G93A-SOD1 mouse model of ALS delays symptom progression, prolongs survival and increases expression of endogenous neurotrophic factors. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 11:751-764. [PMID: 25641599 DOI: 10.1002/term.1972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem or progenitor cells are considered to be a novel therapeutic strategy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), based on their potential to generate a protective environment rather than to replace degenerating motor neurons. Following local injection to the spinal cord, neural progenitor cells may generate glial cells and release neurotrophic factors. In the present study, human spinal cord-derived neural progenitor cells (hscNPCs) were injected into the lumbar spinal cord of G93A-SOD1 ALS transgenic mice. We evaluated the potential effect of hscNPC treatment by survival analysis and behavioural/phenotypic assessments. Immunohistological and real-time PCR experiments were performed at a defined time point to study the underlying mechanisms. Symptom progression in hscNPC-injected mice was significantly delayed at the late stage of disease. On average, survival was only prolonged for 5 days. Animals treated with hscNPCs performed significantly better in motor function tests between weeks 18 and 19. Increased production of GDNF and IGF-1 mRNA was detectable in spinal cord tissue of hscNPC-treated mice. In summary, treatment with hscNPCs led to increased endogenous production of several growth factors and increased the preservation of innervated motor neurons but had only a small effect on overall survival. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Klaus Jan Rath
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Germany.,Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum Transplantation (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sebastian Böselt
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Germany.,Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum Transplantation (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nadine Thau-Habermann
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Germany.,Centre for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sigrid C Schwarz
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Dengler
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Germany.,Centre for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian Wegner
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Germany.,Centre for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Susanne Petri
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Germany.,Centre for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.,Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum Transplantation (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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35
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Barbosa DJ, Capela JP, de Lourdes Bastos M, Carvalho F. In vitro models for neurotoxicology research. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015; 4:801-842. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00043a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The nervous system has a highly complex organization, including many cell types with multiple functions, with an intricate anatomy and unique structural and functional characteristics; the study of its (dys)functionality following exposure to xenobiotics, neurotoxicology, constitutes an important issue in neurosciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel José Barbosa
- REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia)
- Laboratório de Toxicologia
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade do Porto
| | - João Paulo Capela
- REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia)
- Laboratório de Toxicologia
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade do Porto
| | - Maria de Lourdes Bastos
- REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia)
- Laboratório de Toxicologia
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade do Porto
| | - Félix Carvalho
- REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia)
- Laboratório de Toxicologia
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade do Porto
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Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor-secreting human neural progenitors show long-term survival, maturation into astrocytes, and no tumor formation following transplantation into the spinal cord of immunocompromised rats. Neuroreport 2014; 25:367-72. [PMID: 24284956 PMCID: PMC3969154 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) derived from the fetal cortex can be expanded in vitro and genetically modified through lentiviral transduction to secrete growth factors shown to have a neurotrophic effect in animal models of neurological disease. hNPCs survive and mature following transplantation into the central nervous system of large and small animals including the rat model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Here we report that hNPCs engineered to express glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) survive long-term (7.5 months) following transplantation into the spinal cord of athymic nude rats and continue to secrete GDNF. Cell proliferation declined while the number of astrocytes increased, suggesting final maturation of the cells over time in vivo. Together these data show that GDNF-producing hNPCs may be useful as a source of cells for long-term delivery of both astrocytes and GDNF to the damaged central nervous system.
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Bang SY, Kwon SH, Yi SH, Yi SA, Park EK, Lee JC, Jang CG, You JS, Lee SH, Han JW. Epigenetic activation of the Foxa2 gene is required for maintaining the potential of neural precursor cells to differentiate into dopaminergic neurons after expansion. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 24:520-33. [PMID: 25233056 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of forkhead box protein A2 (Foxa2) expression in fetal ventral mesencephalon (VM)-derived neural precursor cells (NPCs) appears to be associated with the loss of their potential to differentiate into dopaminergic (DA) neurons after mitogenic expansion in vitro, hindering their efficient use as a transplantable cell source. Here, we report that epigenetic activation of Foxa2 in VM-derived NPCs by inducing histone hyperacetylation rescues the mitogenic-expansion-dependent decrease of differentiation potential to DA neurons. The silencing of Foxa2 gene expression after expansion is accompanied by repressive histone modifications, including hypoacetylation of histone H3 and H4 and trimethylation of H3K27 on the Foxa2 promoter, as well as on the global level. In addition, histone deacetylase 7 (HDAC7) is highly expressed during differentiation and recruited to the Foxa2 promoter. Induction of histone acetylation in VM-derived NPCs by either knockdown of HDAC7 or treatment with the HDAC inhibitor apicidin upregulates Foxa2 expression via hyperacetylation of H3 and a decrease in H3K27 trimethylation on the promoter regions, leading to the expression of DA neuron developmental genes and enhanced differentiation of DA neurons. These effects are antagonized by the expression of shRNAs specific for Foxa2 but enhanced by shRNA for HDAC7. Collectively, these findings indicate that loss of differentiation potential of expanded VM-derived NPCs is attributed to a decrease in Foxa2 expression and suggest that activation of the endogenous Foxa2 gene by epigenetic regulation might be an approach to enhance the generation of DA neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Bang
- 1 Research Center for Epigenome Regulation, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon, Republic of Korea
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38
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Poulos SG, Richie WD, Bailey RK, Lee A, Dela Peña I, Sanberg PR, Borlongan CV. The potential of neural stem cell transplantation for the treatment of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 54:149-56. [PMID: 24943998 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is caused by intrauterine exposure to alcohol and can cause a full range of abnormalities to brain development, as well as long-term sequelae of cognitive, sensory and motor impairments. The incidence is estimated to be as high as 2% to 5% in children born within the US, however the prevalence is even higher in low socioeconomic populations. Despite the various mechanisms thought to explain the etiology of FASD, molecular targets of ethanol toxicity during development are not completely understood. More recent findings explore the role of GABA-A and GABA-B mechanisms, as well as cell death, cell signaling and gene expression malfunctions. Stem cell based therapies have grown exponentially over the last decade, which have lead to novel clinical interventions across many disciplines. Thus, early detailed understanding of the therapeutic potential of stem cell research has provided promising applications across a wide range of illnesses. Consequently, these potential benefits may ultimately lead to a reduced incidence and severity of this highly preventable and prevalent birth defect. It is recognized that stem cell derivations provide unique difficulties and limitations of therapeutic applications. This review will outline the current knowledge, along with the benefits and challenges of stem cell therapy for FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G Poulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr Db Todd Jr Blvd, Nashville TN 37208 USA.
| | - William D Richie
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr Db Todd Jr Blvd, Nashville TN 37208 USA
| | - Rahn K Bailey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr Db Todd Jr Blvd, Nashville TN 37208 USA
| | - Arthur Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr Db Todd Jr Blvd, Nashville TN 37208 USA
| | - Ike Dela Peña
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd. MDC 78, Tampa FL 33612 USA
| | - Paul R Sanberg
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd. MDC 78, Tampa FL 33612 USA
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd. MDC 78, Tampa FL 33612 USA
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Mortazavi MM, Harmon OA, Adeeb N, Deep A, Tubbs RS. Treatment of spinal cord injury: a review of engineering using neural and mesenchymal stem cells. Clin Anat 2014; 28:37-44. [PMID: 25156268 DOI: 10.1002/ca.22443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over time, various treatment modalities for spinal cord injury have been trialed, including pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods. Among these, replacement of the injured neural and paraneural tissues via cellular transplantation of neural and mesenchymal stem cells has been the most attractive. Extensive experimental studies have been done to identify the safety and effectiveness of this transplantation in animal and human models. Herein, we review the literature for studies conducted, with a focus on the human-related studies, recruitment, isolation, and transplantation, of these multipotent stem cells, and associated outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin M Mortazavi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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40
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Wakeman DR, Weiss S, Sladek JR, Elsworth JD, Bauereis B, Leranth C, Hurley PJ, Roth RH, Redmond DE. Survival and Integration of Neurons Derived from Human Embryonic Stem Cells in MPTP-Lesioned Primates. Cell Transplant 2014; 23:981-94. [DOI: 10.3727/096368913x664865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A human embryonic stem cell (HESC) line, H1, was studied after differentiation to a dopaminergic phenotype in vitro in order to carry out in vivo studies in Parkinsonian monkeys. To identify morphological characteristics of transplanted donor cells, HESCs were transfected with a GFP lentiviral vector. Gene expression studies were performed at each step of a neural rosette-based dopaminergic differentiation protocol by RT-PCR. In vitro immunofluorescence revealed that >90% of the differentiated cells exhibited a neuronal phenotype by β-III-tubulin immunocytochemistry, with 17% of the cells coexpressing tyrosine hydroxylase prior to implantation. Biochemical analyses demonstrated dopamine release in culture in response to potassium chloride-induced membrane depolarization, suggesting that the cells synthesized and released dopamine. These characterized, HESC-derived neurons were then implanted into the striatum and midbrain of MPTP (1-methyl-4- phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine)-exposed monkeys that were triple immunosuppressed. Here we demonstrate robust survival of transplanted HESC-derived neurons after 6 weeks, as well as morphological features consistent with polarization, organization, and extension of processes that integrated into the host striatum. Expression of the dopaminergic marker tyrosine hydroxylase was not maintained in HESC-derived neural grafts in either the striatum or substantia nigra, despite a neuronal morphology and expression of β-III-tubulin. These results suggest that dopamine neuronal cells derived from neuroectoderm in vitro will not maintain the correct midbrain phenotype in vivo in nonhuman primates, contrasted with recent studies showing dopamine neuronal survival using an alternative floorplate method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin R. Wakeman
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephanie Weiss
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John R. Sladek
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - John D. Elsworth
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Brian Bauereis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Csaba Leranth
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Patrick J. Hurley
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert H. Roth
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - D. Eugene Redmond
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- St. Kitts Biomedical Research Foundation, St. Kitts-Nevis, West Indies
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41
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An enteric nervous system progenitor cell implant promotes a behavioral and neurochemical improvement in rats with a 6-OHDA-induced lesion. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2014; 43:45-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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42
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Wakeman DR, Redmond DE, Dodiya HB, Sladek JR, Leranth C, Teng YD, Samulski RJ, Snyder EY. Human neural stem cells survive long term in the midbrain of dopamine-depleted monkeys after GDNF overexpression and project neurites toward an appropriate target. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:692-701. [PMID: 24744393 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplanted multipotent human fetal neural stem cells (hfNSCs) significantly improved the function of parkinsonian monkeys in a prior study primarily by neuroprotection, with only 3%-5% of cells expressing a dopamine (DA) phenotype. In this paper, we sought to determine whether further manipulation of the neural microenvironment by overexpression of a developmentally critical molecule, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), in the host striatum could enhance DA differentiation of hfNSCs injected into the substantia nigra and elicit growth of their axons to the GDNF-expressing target. hfNSCs were transplanted into the midbrain of 10 green monkeys exposed to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine. GDNF was delivered concomitantly to the striatum via an adeno-associated virus serotype 5 vector, and the fate of grafted cells was assessed after 11 months. Donor cells remained predominantly within the midbrain at the injection site and sprouted numerous neurofilament-immunoreactive fibers that appeared to course rostrally toward the striatum in parallel with tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive fibers from the host substantia nigra but did not mature into DA neurons. This work suggests that hfNSCs can generate neurons that project long fibers in the adult primate brain. However, in the absence of region-specific signals and despite GDNF overexpression, hfNSCs did not differentiate into mature DA neurons in large numbers. It is encouraging, however, that the adult primate brain appeared to retain axonal guidance cues. We believe that transplantation of stem cells, specifically instructed ex vivo to yield DA neurons, could lead to reconstruction of some portion of the nigrostriatal pathway and prove beneficial for the parkinsonian condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin R Wakeman
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Program in Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurosurgery, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA; Department of Neurosurgery and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Gene Therapy Center and Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - D Eugene Redmond
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Program in Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurosurgery, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA; Department of Neurosurgery and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Gene Therapy Center and Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hemraj B Dodiya
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Program in Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurosurgery, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA; Department of Neurosurgery and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Gene Therapy Center and Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - John R Sladek
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Program in Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurosurgery, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA; Department of Neurosurgery and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Gene Therapy Center and Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Csaba Leranth
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Program in Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurosurgery, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA; Department of Neurosurgery and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Gene Therapy Center and Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yang D Teng
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Program in Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurosurgery, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA; Department of Neurosurgery and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Gene Therapy Center and Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - R Jude Samulski
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Program in Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurosurgery, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA; Department of Neurosurgery and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Gene Therapy Center and Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Evan Y Snyder
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Program in Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurosurgery, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA; Department of Neurosurgery and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Gene Therapy Center and Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Sareen D, Gowing G, Sahabian A, Staggenborg K, Paradis R, Avalos P, Latter J, Ornelas L, Garcia L, Svendsen CN. Human induced pluripotent stem cells are a novel source of neural progenitor cells (iNPCs) that migrate and integrate in the rodent spinal cord. J Comp Neurol 2014; 522:2707-28. [PMID: 24610630 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of human neural progenitor cells (NPCs) into the brain or spinal cord to replace lost cells, modulate the injury environment, or create a permissive milieu to protect and regenerate host neurons is a promising therapeutic strategy for neurological diseases. Deriving NPCs from human fetal tissue is feasible, although problematic issues include limited sources and ethical concerns. Here we describe a new and abundant source of NPCs derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). A novel chopping technique was used to transform adherent iPSCs into free-floating spheres that were easy to maintain and were expandable (EZ spheres) (Ebert et al. [2013] Stem Cell Res 10:417-427). These EZ spheres could be differentiated towards NPC spheres with a spinal cord phenotype using a combination of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) mitogens. Suspension cultures of NPCs derived from human iPSCs or fetal tissue have similar characteristics, although they were not similar when grown as adherent cells. In addition, iPSC-derived NPCs (iNPCs) survived grafting into the spinal cord of athymic nude rats with no signs of overgrowth and with a very similar profile to human fetal-derived NPCs (fNPCs). These results suggest that human iNPCs behave like fNPCs and could thus be a valuable alternative for cellular regenerative therapies of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Sareen
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048
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44
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Bernau K, Lewis CM, Petelinsek AM, Benink HA, Zimprich CA, Meyerand ME, Suzuki M, Svendsen CN. In vivo tracking of human neural progenitor cells in the rat brain using bioluminescence imaging. J Neurosci Methods 2014; 228:67-78. [PMID: 24675049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cell therapies appear promising for treating certain neurodegenerative disorders and molecular imaging methods that track these cells in vivo could answer some key questions regarding their survival and migration. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI), which relies on luciferase expression in these cells, has been used for this purpose due to its high sensitivity. NEW METHOD In this study, we employ BLI to track luciferase-expressing human neural progenitor cells (hNPC(Luc2)) in the rat striatum long-term. RESULTS We show that hNPC(Luc2) are detectable in the rat striatum. Furthermore, we demonstrate that using this tracking method, surviving grafts can be detected in vivo for up to 12 weeks, while those that were rejected do not produce bioluminescence signal. We also demonstrate the ability to discern hNPC(Luc2) contralateral migration. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Some of the advantages of BLI compared to other imaging methods used to track progenitor/stem cells include its sensitivity and specificity, low background signal and ability to distinguish surviving grafts from rejected ones over the long term while the blood-brain barrier remains intact. CONCLUSIONS These new findings may be useful in future preclinical applications developing cell-based treatments for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenija Bernau
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, 4325a Veterinary Medicine Building, 2015 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Christina M Lewis
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1005 Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| | - Anna M Petelinsek
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, 4325a Veterinary Medicine Building, 2015 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Hélène A Benink
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Rd., Fitchburg, WI 53711, USA.
| | - Chad A Zimprich
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Rd., Fitchburg, WI 53711, USA.
| | - M Elizabeth Meyerand
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1129 Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| | - Masatoshi Suzuki
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, 4124 Veterinary Medicine Building, 2015 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Clive N Svendsen
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, 5009 Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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45
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Song K, Yang Y, Li S, Wu M, Wu Y, Lim M, Liu T. In vitro culture and oxygen consumption of NSCs in size-controlled neurospheres of Ca-alginate/gelatin microbead. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 40:197-203. [PMID: 24857483 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) forming neurospheres in a conventional culture tend to develop necrotic/apoptotic centers due to mass transport limitations. In this study, the internal pore structure of calcium-alginate/gelatin (CAG) microbeads was tuned and controlled to provide a suitable three-dimensional environment supporting NSC proliferation. Direct impact of three-dimensional space availability was quantified by oxygen consumption rates of NSCs and cells were cultured in three different methods: neurospheres, single cell suspension of NSCs, and encapsulated NSCs in microbeads. Our results showed that encapsulated NSCs in CAG microbeads maintained higher cell viability than in conventional culture. In addition, NSCs encapsulated in CAG microbeads preserved their original stemness and continued to express nestin, CNPase, GFAP and β-tubulin-III post-encapsulation. Oxygen consumption rates of encapsulated NSCs in CAG microbeads were the lowest as compared to the other two culture methods. The optimal cell density supporting high cell proliferation in CAG microbeads was found to be 1.5×10(5)cells/mL. The glucose consumption curve suggests that encapsulated NSCs in microbeads had a slower growth profile. This study presents an alternative method in hybrid microbead preparation to generate a highly favorable three-dimensional cell carrier for NSCs and was successfully applied for its effective in vitro expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Yanfei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shixiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Meiling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yixing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Mayasari Lim
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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46
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Thomsen GM, Gowing G, Svendsen S, Svendsen CN. The past, present and future of stem cell clinical trials for ALS. Exp Neurol 2014; 262 Pt B:127-37. [PMID: 24613827 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the cortex, brainstem and spinal cord. This leads to paralysis, respiratory insufficiency and death within an average of 3 to 5 years from disease onset. While the genetics of ALS are becoming more understood in familial cases, the mechanisms underlying disease pathology remain unclear and there are no effective treatment options. Without understanding what causes ALS it is difficult to design treatments. However, in recent years stem cell transplantation has emerged as a potential new therapy for ALS patients. While motor neuron replacement remains a focus of some studies trying to treat ALS with stem cells, there is more rationale for using stem cells as support cells for dying motor neurons as they are already connected to the muscle. This could be through reducing inflammation, releasing growth factors, and other potential less understood mechanisms. Prior to moving into patients, stringent pre-clinical studies are required that have at least some rationale and efficacy in animal models and good safety profiles. However, given our poor understanding of what causes ALS and whether stem cells may ameliorate symptoms, there should be a push to determine cell safety in pre-clinical models and then a quick translation to the clinic where patient trials will show if there is any efficacy. Here, we provide a critical review of current clinical trials using either mesenchymal or neural stem cells to treat ALS patients. Pre-clinical data leading to these trials, as well as those in development are also evaluated in terms of mechanisms of action, validity of conclusions and rationale for advancing stem cell treatment strategies for this devastating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen M Thomsen
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Genevieve Gowing
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Soshana Svendsen
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Clive N Svendsen
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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Mattis VB, Wakeman DR, Tom C, Dodiya HB, Yeung SY, Tran AH, Bernau K, Ornelas L, Sahabian A, Reidling J, Sareen D, Thompson LM, Kordower JH, Svendsen CN. Neonatal immune-tolerance in mice does not prevent xenograft rejection. Exp Neurol 2014; 254:90-8. [PMID: 24440640 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Assessing the efficacy of human stem cell transplantation in rodent models is complicated by the significant immune rejection that occurs. Two recent reports have shown conflicting results using neonatal tolerance to xenografts in rats. Here we extend this approach to mice and assess whether neonatal tolerance can prevent the rapid rejection of xenografts. In three strains of neonatal immune-intact mice, using two different brain transplant regimes and three independent stem cell types, we conclusively show that there is rapid rejection of the implanted cells. We also address specific challenges associated with the generation of humanized mouse models of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia B Mattis
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Colton Tom
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Loren Ornelas
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anais Sahabian
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Dhruv Sareen
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Clive N Svendsen
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Abstract
The aim of stem cell therapy for Parkinson's disease is to reconstruct nigro-striatal neuronal pathways using endogenous neural stem/precursor cells or grafted dopaminergic neurons. As an alternative, transplantation of stem cell-derived dopaminergic neurons into the striatum has been attempted, with the aim of stimulating local synapse formation and/or release of dopamine and cytokines from grafted cells. Candidate stem cells include neural stem/precursor cells, embryonic stem cells and other stem/precursor cells. Among these, embryonic stem cells are pluripotent cells that proliferate extensively, making them a good potential donor source for transplantation. However, tumor formation and ethical issues present major problems for embryonic stem cell therapy. This review describes the current status of stem cell therapy for Parkinson's disease, as well as future research approaches from a clinical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Takahashi
- Kyoto University, Department of Biological Repair, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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Engraftment of mouse embryonic stem cells differentiated by default leads to neuroprotection, behaviour revival and astrogliosis in parkinsonian rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72501. [PMID: 24069147 PMCID: PMC3772067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here protection against rotenone-induced behavioural dysfunction, striatal dopamine depletion and nigral neuronal loss, following intra-striatal transplantation of neurons differentiated from murine embryonic stem cells (mES). mES maintained in serum free medium exhibited increase in neuronal, and decrease in stem cell markers by 7th and 10th days as revealed by RT-PCR and immunoblot analyses. Tyrosine hydroxylase, NURR1, PITX3, LMX1b and c-RET mRNA showed a significant higher expression in differentiated cells than in mES. Dopamine level was increased by 3-fold on 10th day as compared to 7 days differentiated cells. Severity of rotenone-induced striatal dopamine loss was attenuated, and amphetamine-induced unilateral rotations were significantly reduced in animals transplanted with 7 days differentiated cells, but not in animals that received undifferentiated ES transplant. However, the ratio of contralateral to ipsilateral swings in elevated body swing test was significantly reduced in both the transplanted groups, as compared to control. Striatal grafts exhibited the presence of tyrosine hydroxylase positive cells, and the percentage of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra was also found to be higher in the ipsilateral side of 7 days and mES grafted animals. Increased expression of CD11b and IBA-1, suggested a significant contribution of these microglia-derived factors in controlling the limited survival of the grafted cells. Astrocytosis in the grafted striatum, and significant increase in the levels of glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor may have contributed to the recovery observed in the hemiparkinsonian rats following transplantation.
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Yuan T, Liao W, Feng NH, Lou YL, Niu X, Zhang AJ, Wang Y, Deng ZF. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cells survive, migrate, differentiate, and improve neurologic function in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion. Stem Cell Res Ther 2013; 4:73. [PMID: 23769173 PMCID: PMC3706848 DOI: 10.1186/scrt224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stroke is a major cause of permanent neurologic damage, with few effective treatments available to restore lost function. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the potential to generate all cell types in vitro and can be generated from a stroke patient. Therefore, iPSCs are attractive donor sources of genetically identical “patient-specific” cells to hold promise in therapy for stroke. In the present study, we established a four-stage culture system by using serum-free medium and retinoic acid (RA) to differentiate iPSCs into neural stem cells (NSCs) effectively and stably. Our hypothesis was that iPSC-derived NSCs would survive, migrate, and differentiate in vivo, and improve neurologic function after transplantation into the brains of rats with ischemic stroke. Methods Human iPSCs (iPS-S-01) and human ESCs (HuES17) were used to differentiate into NSCs by using our four-stage culture system. iPSCs and differentiated NSCs were characterized by immunocytochemistry staining and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. After establishment of focal cerebral ischemia with occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and cell transplantation, animals were killed at 1 week and 2 weeks to analyze survival, migration, and differentiation of implanted cells in brain tissue. Animal behavior was evaluated via rope grabbing, beam walking, and Morris water maze tests. Results iPSCs were efficiently induced into NSCs by using a newly established four-stage induction system in vitro. iPSCs expressed pluripotency-associated genes Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog before NSC differentiation. The iPSC-derived NSCs spontaneously differentiated into neurons and astrocytes, which highly express β-tubulin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), respectively. On transplantation into the striatum, CM-DiI labeled iPSC-derived NSCs were found to migrate into the ischemia area at 1 week and 2 weeks, and animal-function recovery was significantly improved in comparison with control groups at 3 weeks. Conclusions The four-stage induction system is stable and effective to culture, differentiate, and induce iPSCs to NSCs by using serum-free medium combined with retinoic acid (RA). Implanted iPSC-derived NSCs were able to survive, migrate into the ischemic brain area to differentiate into mature neural cells, and seem to have potential to restore lost neurologic function from damage due to stroke in a rat model.
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