1
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Choi EK, Rajendiran TM, Soni T, Park JH, Aring L, Muraleedharan CK, Garcia-Hernandez V, Kamada N, Samuelson LC, Nusrat A, Iwase S, Seo YA. The manganese transporter SLC39A8 links alkaline ceramidase 1 to inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4775. [PMID: 38839750 PMCID: PMC11153611 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The metal ion transporter SLC39A8 is associated with physiological traits and diseases, including blood manganese (Mn) levels and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The mechanisms by which SLC39A8 controls Mn homeostasis and epithelial integrity remain elusive. Here, we generate Slc39a8 intestinal epithelial cell-specific-knockout (Slc39a8-IEC KO) mice, which display markedly decreased Mn levels in blood and most organs. Radiotracer studies reveal impaired intestinal absorption of dietary Mn in Slc39a8-IEC KO mice. SLC39A8 is localized to the apical membrane and mediates 54Mn uptake in intestinal organoid monolayer cultures. Unbiased transcriptomic analysis identifies alkaline ceramidase 1 (ACER1), a key enzyme in sphingolipid metabolism, as a potential therapeutic target for SLC39A8-associated IBDs. Importantly, treatment with an ACER1 inhibitor attenuates colitis in Slc39a8-IEC KO mice by remedying barrier dysfunction. Our results highlight the essential roles of SLC39A8 in intestinal Mn absorption and epithelial integrity and offer a therapeutic target for IBD associated with impaired Mn homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyung Choi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thekkelnaycke M Rajendiran
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tanu Soni
- Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jin-Ho Park
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Luisa Aring
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Nobuhiko Kamada
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Linda C Samuelson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shigeki Iwase
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Young Ah Seo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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2
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Lv C, Guo L, Wang Y, Li Z, Zhao X, Zhang Y. circAMN1-Mediated Ferroptosis Regulates the Expulsion of Placenta in Trophoblast Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:451. [PMID: 38671899 PMCID: PMC11047571 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
After delivery, the death of trophoblast cells can promote the expulsion of the placenta. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent programmed cell death, is involved in mammalian development. Circular RNAs are associated with placental development; however, it is unclear whether circular RNAs regulate the expulsion of fetal membranes through ferroptosis. The gene expression profiles in the tail vein blood of Holstein cows with normal and retained placentas were investigated using RNA sequencing and a GSE214588 dataset. circAMN1 and SLC39A8 expression was significantly downregulated in the blood of cows with a retained placenta, whereas miR-205_R-1 expression was significantly upregulated. We validated erastin-induced ferroptosis in trophoblast cells. Transfection with si-circAMN1 and miR-205_R-1 mimic reduced intracellular total iron, Fe2+, and glutathione disulfide levels; increased intracellular glutathione levels and glutathione/glutathione disulfide; and enhanced cell viability in these cells. In contrast, transfection with pcDNA3.1 circAMN1 and an miR-205_R-1 inhibitor promoted ferroptosis. As an miR-205_R-1 sponge, circAMN1 regulated the expression of SLC39A8 to control erastin-induced ferroptosis and regulated the proliferation, invasion, and migration of trophoblast cells. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for studying the mechanism by which programmed cell death regulates fetal membrane expulsion and indicate its potential as a therapeutic target for placenta retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (C.L.); (L.G.); (Y.W.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Lusha Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (C.L.); (L.G.); (Y.W.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (C.L.); (L.G.); (Y.W.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Zongshuai Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Grassland Agriculture Engineering Center, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Xingxu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (C.L.); (L.G.); (Y.W.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (C.L.); (L.G.); (Y.W.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China;
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3
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Zhang T, Wang S, Hua D, Shi X, Deng H, Jin S, Lv X. Identification of ZIP8-induced ferroptosis as a major type of cell death in monocytes under sepsis conditions. Redox Biol 2024; 69:102985. [PMID: 38103342 PMCID: PMC10764267 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a heterogenous syndrome with concurrent hyperinflammation and immune suppression. A prominent feature of immunosuppression during sepsis is the dysfunction and loss of monocytes; however, the major type of cell death contributing to this depletion, as well as its underlying molecular mechanisms, are yet to be identified. In this study, we confirmed the monocyte loss in septic patients based on a pooled gene expression data of periphery leukocytes. Using the collected reference gene sets from databases and published studies, we identified ferroptosis with a greater capacity to distinguish between sepsis and control samples than other cell death types. Further investigation on the molecular drivers, by a genetic algorithm-based feature selection and a weighted gene co-expression network analysis, revealed that zrt-/irt-like protein 8 (ZIP8), encoded by SLC39A8, was closely associated with ferroptosis of monocytes during sepsis. We validated the increase of ZIP8 of monocytes with in vivo and in vitro experiments. The in vitro studies also showed that downregulation of ZIP8 alleviated the lipopolysaccharide-induced lipid peroxidation, as well as restoring the reduction of GPX4, FTH1 and xCT. These findings suggest that ferroptosis might be a key factor in the loss of monocytes during sepsis, and that the heightened expression of ZIP8 may facilitate this progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Dongsheng Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuan Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huimin Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shuqing Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xin Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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4
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Nebert DW. Gene-Environment Interactions: My Unique Journey. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 64:1-26. [PMID: 37788491 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-022323-082311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
I am deeply honored to be invited to write this scientific autobiography. As a physician-scientist, pediatrician, molecular biologist, and geneticist, I have authored/coauthored more than 600 publications in the fields of clinical medicine, biochemistry, biophysics, pharmacology, drug metabolism, toxicology, molecular biology, cancer, standardized gene nomenclature, developmental toxicology and teratogenesis, mouse genetics, human genetics, and evolutionary genomics. Looking back, I think my career can be divided into four distinct research areas, which I summarize mostly chronologically in this article: (a) discovery and characterization of the AHR/CYP1 axis, (b) pharmacogenomics and genetic prediction of response to drugs and other environmental toxicants, (c) standardized drug-metabolizing gene nomenclature based on evolutionary divergence, and (d) discovery and characterization of the SLC39A8 gene encoding the ZIP8 metal cation influx transporter. Collectively, all four topics embrace gene-environment interactions, hence the title of my autobiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Nebert
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Molecular Developmental Biology, Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA;
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5
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Chen B, Yu P, Chan WN, Xie F, Zhang Y, Liang L, Leung KT, Lo KW, Yu J, Tse GMK, Kang W, To KF. Cellular zinc metabolism and zinc signaling: from biological functions to diseases and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:6. [PMID: 38169461 PMCID: PMC10761908 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01679-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc metabolism at the cellular level is critical for many biological processes in the body. A key observation is the disruption of cellular homeostasis, often coinciding with disease progression. As an essential factor in maintaining cellular equilibrium, cellular zinc has been increasingly spotlighted in the context of disease development. Extensive research suggests zinc's involvement in promoting malignancy and invasion in cancer cells, despite its low tissue concentration. This has led to a growing body of literature investigating zinc's cellular metabolism, particularly the functions of zinc transporters and storage mechanisms during cancer progression. Zinc transportation is under the control of two major transporter families: SLC30 (ZnT) for the excretion of zinc and SLC39 (ZIP) for the zinc intake. Additionally, the storage of this essential element is predominantly mediated by metallothioneins (MTs). This review consolidates knowledge on the critical functions of cellular zinc signaling and underscores potential molecular pathways linking zinc metabolism to disease progression, with a special focus on cancer. We also compile a summary of clinical trials involving zinc ions. Given the main localization of zinc transporters at the cell membrane, the potential for targeted therapies, including small molecules and monoclonal antibodies, offers promising avenues for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonan Chen
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peiyao Yu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and Basic Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wai Nok Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fuda Xie
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yigan Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and Basic Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kam Tong Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gary M K Tse
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Ka Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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6
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Fan YG, Wu TY, Zhao LX, Jia RJ, Ren H, Hou WJ, Wang ZY. From zinc homeostasis to disease progression: Unveiling the neurodegenerative puzzle. Pharmacol Res 2024; 199:107039. [PMID: 38123108 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is a crucial trace element in the human body, playing a role in various physiological processes such as oxidative stress, neurotransmission, protein synthesis, and DNA repair. The zinc transporters (ZnTs) family members are responsible for exporting intracellular zinc, while Zrt- and Irt-like proteins (ZIPs) are involved in importing extracellular zinc. These processes are essential for maintaining cellular zinc homeostasis. Imbalances in zinc metabolism have been linked to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Disruptions in zinc levels can impact the survival and activity of neurons, thereby contributing to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases through mechanisms like cell apoptosis regulation, protein phase separation, ferroptosis, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Therefore, conducting a systematic review of the regulatory network of zinc and investigating the relationship between zinc dysmetabolism and neurodegenerative diseases can enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases. Additionally, it may offer new insights and approaches for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Gang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Ting-Yao Wu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Ling-Xiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Rong-Jun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Hang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Wen-Jia Hou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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7
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Figiel M, Górka AK, Górecki A. Zinc Ions Modulate YY1 Activity: Relevance in Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4338. [PMID: 37686614 PMCID: PMC10487186 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
YY1 is widely recognized as an intrinsically disordered transcription factor that plays a role in development of many cancers. In most cases, its overexpression is correlated with tumor progression and unfavorable patient outcomes. Our latest research focusing on the role of zinc ions in modulating YY1's interaction with DNA demonstrated that zinc enhances the protein's multimeric state and affinity to its operator. In light of these findings, changes in protein concentration appear to be just one element relevant to modulating YY1-dependent processes. Thus, alterations in zinc ion concentration can directly and specifically impact the regulation of gene expression by YY1, in line with reports indicating a correlation between zinc ion levels and advancement of certain tumors. This review concentrates on other potential consequences of YY1 interaction with zinc ions that may act by altering charge distribution, conformational state distribution, or oligomerization to influence its interactions with molecular partners that can disrupt gene expression patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrzej Górecki
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Physical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.F.); (A.K.G.)
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8
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Ma C, Gong C. Considerations in production of the prokaryotic ZIP family transporters for structural and functional studies. Methods Enzymol 2023; 687:1-30. [PMID: 37666628 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2023.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Zinc ions play essential roles as components of enzymes and many other important biomolecules, and are associated with numerous diseases. The uptake of Zn2+ and other metal ions require a widely distributed transporter protein family called Zrt/Irt-like Proteins (ZIP family), the majority members of which tend to have eight transmembrane helices with both N- and C- termini located on the extracellular or periplasmic side. Their small sizes and dynamic conformations bring many difficulties in their production for structural studies either by crystallography or Cryo-EM. Here, we summarize the problems that may encounter at the various steps of processing the ZIP proteins from gene to structural and functional studies, and provide some solutions and examples from our and other labs for the cloning, expression, purification, stability screening, metal ion transport assays and structural studies of prokaryotic ZIP family transporters using Escherichia coli as a heterologous host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ma
- Protein Facility, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.
| | - Caixia Gong
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases, Hangzhou, P.R. China.
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9
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Rosenblum SL. Inflammation, dysregulated iron metabolism, and cardiovascular disease. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1124178. [PMID: 36816471 PMCID: PMC9935942 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1124178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential trace element associated with both pathologic deficiency and toxic overload. Thus, systemic and cell iron metabolism are highly controlled processes regulated by protein expression and localization, as well as turnover, through the action of cytokines and iron status. Iron metabolism in the heart is challenging because both iron overload and deficiency are associated with cardiac disease. Also associated with cardiovascular disease is inflammation, as many cardiac diseases are caused by or include an inflammatory component. In addition, iron metabolism and inflammation are closely linked. Hepcidin, the master regulator of systemic iron metabolism, is induced by the cytokine IL-6 and as such is among the acute phase proteins secreted by the liver as part of the inflammatory response. In an inflammatory state, systemic iron homeostasis is dysregulated, commonly resulting in hypoferremia, or low serum iron. Less well characterized is cardiac iron metabolism in general, and even less is known about how inflammation impacts heart iron handling. This review highlights what is known with respect to iron metabolism in the heart. Expression of iron metabolism-related proteins and processes of iron uptake and efflux in these cell types are outlined. Evidence for the strong co-morbid relationship between inflammation and cardiac disease is also reviewed. Known connections between inflammatory processes and iron metabolism in the heart are discussed with the goal of linking inflammation and iron metabolism in this tissue, a connection that has been relatively under-appreciated as a component of heart function in an inflammatory state. Therapeutic options connecting inflammation and iron balance are emphasized, with the main goal of this review being to bring attention to alterations in iron balance as a component of inflammatory diseases of the cardiovascular system.
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10
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Gao J, Gao Y, Xiao G. The expression of Catsup in escort cells affects Drosophila ovarian stem cell niche establishment and germline stem cells self-renewal via Notch signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 641:1-9. [PMID: 36516479 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell niche provides extrinsic signals to maintain stem cell renewal or initiate cell differentiation. Drosophila niche is composed of somatic terminal filament cells, cap cells and escort cells. However, the underlying mechanism for the development of stem cell niche remains largely unclear. Here we found that the expression of a zinc transporter Catsup is essential for ovary morphogenesis. Catsup knockdown in escort cells results in defects of niche establishment and germline stem cells self-renewal. These defects could be modified by altered expression of genes involved in zinc metabolism or intervention of dietary zinc levels. Further studies indicated that Catsup RNAi affected adult ovary morphogenesis by suppressing Notch signaling. Lastly, we demonstrated that the defects of Catsup RNAi could be restored by overexpression of heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70). These findings expand our understanding of the mechanisms controlling adult oogenesis and niche establishment in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Gao
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Yan Gao
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Guiran Xiao
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
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11
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Fujishiro H, Miyamoto S, Sumi D, Kambe T, Himeno S. Effects of individual amino acid mutations of zinc transporter ZIP8 on manganese- and cadmium-transporting activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 616:26-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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12
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Branch AH, Stoudenmire JL, Seib KL, Cornelissen CN. Acclimation to Nutritional Immunity and Metal Intoxication Requires Zinc, Manganese, and Copper Homeostasis in the Pathogenic Neisseriae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:909888. [PMID: 35846739 PMCID: PMC9280163 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.909888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis are human-specific pathogens in the Neisseriaceae family that can cause devastating diseases. Although both species inhabit mucosal surfaces, they cause dramatically different diseases. Despite this, they have evolved similar mechanisms to survive and thrive in a metal-restricted host. The human host restricts, or overloads, the bacterial metal nutrient supply within host cell niches to limit pathogenesis and disease progression. Thus, the pathogenic Neisseria require appropriate metal homeostasis mechanisms to acclimate to such a hostile and ever-changing host environment. This review discusses the mechanisms by which the host allocates and alters zinc, manganese, and copper levels and the ability of the pathogenic Neisseria to sense and respond to such alterations. This review will also discuss integrated metal homeostasis in N. gonorrhoeae and the significance of investigating metal interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Hope Branch
- Center for Translational Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Julie L. Stoudenmire
- Center for Translational Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kate L. Seib
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Cynthia Nau Cornelissen
- Center for Translational Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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13
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Samuelson DR, Haq S, Knoell DL. Divalent Metal Uptake and the Role of ZIP8 in Host Defense Against Pathogens. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:924820. [PMID: 35832795 PMCID: PMC9273032 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.924820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) and Zinc (Zn) are essential micronutrients whose concentration and location within cells are tightly regulated at the onset of infection. Two families of Zn transporters (ZIPs and ZnTs) are largely responsible for regulation of cytosolic Zn levels and to a certain extent, Mn levels, although much less is known regarding Mn. The capacity of pathogens to persevere also depends on access to micronutrients, yet a fundamental gap in knowledge remains regarding the importance of metal exchange at the host interface, often referred to as nutritional immunity. ZIP8, one of 14 ZIPs, is a pivotal importer of both Zn and Mn, yet much remains to be known. Dietary Zn deficiency is common and commonly occurring polymorphic variants of ZIP8 that decrease cellular metal uptake (Zn and Mn), are associated with increased susceptibility to infection. Strikingly, ZIP8 is the only Zn transporter that is highly induced following bacterial exposure in key immune cells involved with host defense against leading pathogens. We postulate that mobilization of Zn and Mn into key cells orchestrates the innate immune response through regulation of fundamental defense mechanisms that include phagocytosis, signal transduction, and production of soluble host defense factors including cytokines and chemokines. New evidence also suggests that host metal uptake may have long-term consequences by influencing the adaptive immune response. Given that activation of ZIP8 expression by pathogens has been shown to influence parenchymal, myeloid, and lymphoid cells, the impact applies to all mucosal surfaces and tissue compartments that are vulnerable to infection. We also predict that perturbations in metal homeostasis, either genetic- or dietary-induced, has the potential to impact bacterial communities in the host thereby adversely impacting microbiome composition. This review will focus on Zn and Mn transport via ZIP8, and how this vital metal transporter serves as a "go to" conductor of metal uptake that bolsters host defense against pathogens. We will also leverage past studies to underscore areas for future research to better understand the Zn-, Mn- and ZIP8-dependent host response to infection to foster new micronutrient-based intervention strategies to improve our ability to prevent or treat commonly occurring infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick R. Samuelson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Sabah Haq
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Daren L. Knoell
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States,*Correspondence: Daren L. Knoell,
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14
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Willekens J, Runnels LW. Impact of Zinc Transport Mechanisms on Embryonic and Brain Development. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122526. [PMID: 35745255 PMCID: PMC9231024 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The trace element zinc (Zn) binds to over ten percent of proteins in eukaryotic cells. Zn flexible chemistry allows it to regulate the activity of hundreds of enzymes and influence scores of metabolic processes in cells throughout the body. Deficiency of Zn in humans has a profound effect on development and in adults later in life, particularly in the brain, where Zn deficiency is linked to several neurological disorders. In this review, we will summarize the importance of Zn during development through a description of the outcomes of both genetic and early dietary Zn deficiency, focusing on the pathological consequences on the whole body and brain. The epidemiology and the symptomology of Zn deficiency in humans will be described, including the most studied inherited Zn deficiency disease, Acrodermatitis enteropathica. In addition, we will give an overview of the different forms and animal models of Zn deficiency, as well as the 24 Zn transporters, distributed into two families: the ZIPs and the ZnTs, which control the balance of Zn throughout the body. Lastly, we will describe the TRPM7 ion channel, which was recently shown to contribute to intestinal Zn absorption and has its own significant impact on early embryonic development.
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15
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Mégier C, Peoc’h K, Puy V, Cordier AG. Iron Metabolism in Normal and Pathological Pregnancies and Fetal Consequences. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020129. [PMID: 35208204 PMCID: PMC8876952 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is required for energy production, DNA synthesis, and cell proliferation, mainly as a component of the prosthetic group in hemoproteins and as part of iron-sulfur clusters. Iron is also a critical component of hemoglobin and plays an important role in oxygen delivery. Imbalances in iron metabolism negatively affect these vital functions. As the crucial barrier between the fetus and the mother, the placenta plays a pivotal role in iron metabolism during pregnancy. Iron deficiency affects 1.2 billion individuals worldwide. Pregnant women are at high risk of developing or worsening iron deficiency. On the contrary, in frequent hemoglobin diseases, such as sickle-cell disease and thalassemia, iron overload is observed. Both iron deficiency and iron overload can affect neonatal development. This review aims to provide an update on our current knowledge on iron and heme metabolism in normal and pathological pregnancies. The main molecular actors in human placental iron metabolism are described, focusing on the impact of iron deficiency and hemoglobin diseases on the placenta, together with normal metabolism. Then, we discuss data concerning iron metabolism in frequent pathological pregnancies to complete the picture, focusing on the most frequent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Mégier
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Hôpital Bicêtre, Université Paris Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France;
| | - Katell Peoc’h
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Laboratoire de Biochimie Clinique, HUPNVS, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy and Université de Paris, UFR de Médecine Xavier Bichat, INSERM U1149, F-75018 Paris, France;
| | - Vincent Puy
- Unité de biologie de la Reproduction CECOS, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Université Paris Saclay, 92140 Clamart, France;
- Laboratoire de Développement des Gonades, UMRE008 Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Université de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Anne-Gaël Cordier
- INSERM, 3PHM, UMR-S1139, F-75006 Paris, France
- PremUp Foundation, F-75014 Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Université Paris-Saclay, 92140 Clamart, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-145374441; Fax: +33-45374366
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16
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Kim B, Kim HY, Yoon BR, Yeo J, In Jung J, Yu KS, Kim HC, Yoo SJ, Park JK, Kang SW, Lee WW. Cytoplasmic zinc promotes IL-1β production by monocytes and macrophages through mTORC1-induced glycolysis in rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabi7400. [PMID: 35015571 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abi7400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonah Kim
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Inflammation (LAI), Department of Biomedical Sciences, and BK21Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Young Kim
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Inflammation (LAI), Department of Biomedical Sciences, and BK21Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Infectious Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ruem Yoon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Yeo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji In Jung
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sang Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Chang Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 282 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kyun Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 282 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Woo Lee
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Inflammation (LAI), Department of Biomedical Sciences, and BK21Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, and Institute of Infectious Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
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17
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Fisher AL, Babitt JL. Coordination of iron homeostasis by bone morphogenetic proteins: Current understanding and unanswered questions. Dev Dyn 2022; 251:26-46. [PMID: 33993583 PMCID: PMC8594283 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron homeostasis is tightly regulated to balance the iron requirement for erythropoiesis and other vital cellular functions, while preventing cellular injury from iron excess. The liver hormone hepcidin is the master regulator of systemic iron balance by controlling the degradation and function of the sole known mammalian iron exporter ferroportin. Liver hepcidin expression is coordinately regulated by several signals that indicate the need for more or less iron, including plasma and tissue iron levels, inflammation, and erythropoietic drive. Most of these signals regulate hepcidin expression by modulating the activity of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-SMAD pathway, which controls hepcidin transcription. Genetic disorders of iron overload and iron deficiency have identified several hepatocyte membrane proteins that play a critical role in mediating the BMP-SMAD and hepcidin regulatory response to iron. However, the precise molecular mechanisms by which serum and tissue iron levels are sensed to regulate BMP ligand production and promote the physical and/or functional interaction of these proteins to modulate SMAD signaling and hepcidin expression remain uncertain. This critical commentary will focus on the current understanding and key unanswered questions regarding how the liver senses iron levels to regulate BMP-SMAD signaling and thereby hepcidin expression to control systemic iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jodie L Babitt
- Corresponding author: Jodie L Babitt, Division of Nephrology, Program in Membrane Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Mailing address: 185 Cambridge St., CPZN-8208, Boston, MA 02114. Telephone: +1 (617) 643-3181.
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18
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Fujishiro H, Kambe T. Manganese transport in mammals by zinc transporter family proteins, ZNT and ZIP. J Pharmacol Sci 2021; 148:125-133. [PMID: 34924116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element required for various biological processes. However, excess Mn causes serious side effects in humans, including parkinsonism. Thus, elucidation of Mn homeostasis at the systemic, cellular, and molecular levels is important. Many metal transporters and channels can be involved in the transport and homeostasis of Mn, and an increasing body of evidence shows that several zinc (Zn) transporters belonging to the ZIP and ZNT families, specifically, ZNT10, ZIP8, and ZIP14, play pivotal roles in Mn metabolism. Mutations in the genes encoding these transporter proteins are associated with congenital disorders related to dysregulated Mn homeostasis in humans. Moreover, single nucleotide polymorphisms of ZIP8 are associated with multiple clinical phenotypes. In this review, we discuss the recent literature on the structural and biochemical features of ZNT10, ZIP8, and ZIP14, including transport mechanisms, regulation of expression, and pathophysiological functions. Because a disturbance in Mn homeostasis is closely associated with a variety of phenotypes and risk of human diseases, these transporters constitute a significant target for drug development. An understanding of the roles of these key transporters in Mn metabolism should provide new insights into pharmacological applications of their inhibitors and enhancers in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Fujishiro
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan.
| | - Taiho Kambe
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
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19
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Xiao G, Zhao M, Liu Z, Du F, Zhou B. Zinc antagonizes iron-regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase activity and dopamine production in Drosophila melanogaster. BMC Biol 2021; 19:236. [PMID: 34732185 PMCID: PMC8564973 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01168-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dopamine (DA) is a neurotransmitter that plays roles in movement, cognition, attention, and reward responses, and deficient DA signaling is associated with the progression of a number of neurological diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease. Due to its critical functions, DA expression levels in the brain are tightly controlled, with one important and rate-limiting step in its biosynthetic pathway being catalyzed by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), an enzyme that uses iron ion (Fe2+) as a cofactor. A role for metal ions has additionally been associated with the etiology of Parkinson’s disease. However, the way dopamine synthesis is regulated in vivo or whether regulation of metal ion levels is a component of DA synthesis is not fully understood. Here, we analyze the role of Catsup, the Drosophila ortholog of the mammalian zinc transporter SLC39A7 (ZIP7), in regulating dopamine levels. Results We found that Catsup is a functional zinc transporter that regulates intracellular zinc distribution between the ER/Golgi and the cytosol. Loss-of-function of Catsup leads to increased DA levels, and we showed that the increased dopamine production is due to a reduction in zinc levels in the cytosol. Zinc ion (Zn2+) negatively regulates dopamine synthesis through direct inhibition of TH activity, by antagonizing Fe2+ binding to TH, thus rendering the enzyme ineffective or non-functional. Conclusions Our findings uncovered a previously unknown mechanism underlying the control of cellular dopamine expression, with normal levels of dopamine synthesis being maintained through a balance between Fe2+ and Zn2+ ions. The findings also provide support for metal modulation as a possible therapeutic strategy in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and other dopamine-related diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-01168-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiran Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Mengran Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Fan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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20
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Chen P, Bornhorst J, Patton S, Bagai K, Nitin R, Miah M, Hare DJ, Kysenius K, Crouch PJ, Xiong L, Rouleau GA, Schwerdtle T, Connor J, Aschner M, Bowman AB, Walters AS. A potential role for zinc in restless legs syndrome. Sleep 2021; 44:zsaa236. [PMID: 33175142 PMCID: PMC8033460 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Evaluate serum and brain noniron metals in the pathology and genetics of restless legs syndrome (RLS). METHODS In two independent studies (cohorts 1 and 2), in which subjects either remained on medications or tapered off medications, we analyzed serum levels of iron, calcium, magnesium, manganese, copper, and zinc both in RLS patients and controls, and assessed the prevalence of the MEIS1 and BTBD9 risk alleles previously established through genome-wide association studies. Human brain sections and a nematode genetic model were also quantified for metal levels using mass spectrometry. RESULTS We found a significant enrichment for the BTBD9 risk genotype in the RLS affected group compared to control (p = 0.0252), consistent with previous literature. Serum (p = 0.0458 and p = 0.0139 for study cohorts 1 and 2, respectively) and brain (p = 0.0413) zinc levels were significantly elevated in the RLS patients versus control subjects. CONCLUSION We show for the first time that serum and brain levels of zinc are elevated in RLS. Further, we confirm the BTBD9 genetic risk factor in a new population, although the zinc changes were not significantly associated with risk genotypes. Zinc and iron homeostasis are interrelated, and zinc biology impacts neurotransmitter systems previously linked to RLS. Given the modest albeit statistically significant increase in serum zinc of ~20%, and the lack of association with two known genetic risk factors, zinc may not represent a primary etiology for the syndrome. Further investigation into the pathogenetic role that zinc may play in restless legs syndrome is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Chen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Stephanie Patton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - Kanika Bagai
- Department of Neurology, Sleep Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Rachana Nitin
- Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN
| | - Mahfuzur Miah
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Dominic J Hare
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kai Kysenius
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter J Crouch
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, the University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lan Xiong
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Food Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - James Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Arthur S Walters
- Department of Neurology, Sleep Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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21
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Yu HT, Zhen J, Leng JY, Cai L, Ji HL, Keller BB. Zinc as a countermeasure for cadmium toxicity. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:340-346. [PMID: 32284539 PMCID: PMC8027184 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an important environmental pollutant and long-term Cd exposure is closely related to autoimmune diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and hepatic dysfunction. Zinc (Zn) is an essential metal that plays key roles in protein structure, catalysis, and regulation of their function. Numerous studies have shown that Zn can reduce Cd toxicity; however, the underlying mechanisms have not been extensively explored. Preclinical studies have revealed direct competition for sarcolemmal uptake between these two metals. Multiple sarcolemmal transporters participate in Cd uptake, including Zn transporters, calcium channels, and DMT1 (divalent metal transporter 1). Zn also induces several protective mechanisms, including MT (metallothionein) induction and favorable redox homeostasis. This review summarizes current knowledge related to the role of Zn and metal transporters in reducing Cd toxicity and discusses potential future directions of related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tao Yu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Pediatric Heart Research Program, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Juan Zhen
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Pediatric Heart Research Program, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Ji-Yan Leng
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Hong-Lei Ji
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Bradley B Keller
- Pediatric Heart Research Program, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Cincinnati Children's Heart Institute, Greater Louisville and Western Kentucky Practice, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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22
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The role of labile Zn 2+ and Zn 2+-transporters in the pathophysiology of mitochondria dysfunction in cardiomyocytes. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:971-989. [PMID: 33225416 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03964-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An important energy supplier of cardiomyocytes is mitochondria, similar to other mammalian cells. Studies have demonstrated that any defect in the normal processes controlled by mitochondria can lead to abnormal ROS production, thereby high oxidative stress as well as lack of ATP. Taken into consideration, the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and overproduction of ROS as well as the relation between increased ROS and high-level release of intracellular labile Zn2+, those bring into consideration the importance of the events related with those stimuli in cardiomyocytes responsible from cellular Zn2+-homeostasis and responsible Zn2+-transporters associated with the Zn2+-homeostasis and Zn2+-signaling. Zn2+-signaling, controlled by cellular Zn2+-homeostatic mechanisms, is regulated with intracellular labile Zn2+ levels, which are controlled, especially, with the two Zn2+-transporter families; ZIPs and ZnTs. Our experimental studies in mammalian cardiomyocytes and human heart tissue showed that Zn2+-transporters localizes to mitochondria besides sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum and Golgi under physiological condition. The protein levels as well as functions of those transporters can re-distribute under pathological conditions, therefore, they can interplay among organelles in cardiomyocytes to adjust a proper intracellular labile Zn2+ level. In the present review, we aimed to summarize the already known Zn2+-transporters localize to mitochondria and function to stabilize not only the cellular Zn2+ level but also cellular oxidative stress status. In conclusion, one can propose that a detailed understanding of cellular Zn2+-homeostasis and Zn2+-signaling through mitochondria may emphasize the importance of new mitochondria-targeting agents for prevention and/or therapy of cardiovascular dysfunction in humans.
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23
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Iron and manganese transport in mammalian systems. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1868:118890. [PMID: 33091506 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Studies in recent years have significantly expanded, refined, and redefined the repertoire of transporters and other proteins involved in iron and manganese (Mn) transport and homeostasis. In this review, we discuss highlights of the recent literature on iron and Mn transport, focusing on the roles of membrane transporters and related proteins. Studies are considered from the vantage point of main organs, tissues, and cell types that actively control whole-body iron or Mn homeostasis, with emphasis on studies in which in vivo metal transport was measured directly or implicated by using knockout mouse models. Overviews of whole-body and cellular iron and Mn homeostasis are also provided to give physiological context for key transporters and to highlight how they participate in the uptake, intracellular trafficking, and efflux of each metal. Important similarities and differences in iron and Mn transport are noted, and future research opportunities and challenges are identified.
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24
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von Pein JB, Stocks CJ, Schembri MA, Kapetanovic R, Sweet MJ. An alloy of zinc and innate immunity: Galvanising host defence against infection. Cell Microbiol 2020; 23:e13268. [PMID: 32975847 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune cells such as macrophages and neutrophils initiate protective inflammatory responses and engage antimicrobial responses to provide frontline defence against invading pathogens. These cells can both restrict the availability of certain transition metals that are essential for microbial growth and direct toxic concentrations of metals towards pathogens as antimicrobial responses. Zinc is important for the structure and function of many proteins, however excess zinc can be cytotoxic. In recent years, several studies have revealed that innate immune cells can deliver toxic concentrations of zinc to intracellular pathogens. In this review, we discuss the importance of zinc status during infectious disease and the evidence for zinc intoxication as an innate immune antimicrobial response. Evidence for pathogen subversion of this response is also examined. The likely mechanisms, including the involvement of specific zinc transporters that facilitate delivery of zinc by innate immune cells for metal ion poisoning of pathogens are also considered. Precise mechanisms by which excess levels of zinc can be toxic to microorganisms are then discussed, particularly in the context of synergy with other antimicrobial responses. Finally, we highlight key unanswered questions in this emerging field, which may offer new opportunities for exploiting innate immune responses for anti-infective development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B von Pein
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Claudia J Stocks
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark A Schembri
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ronan Kapetanovic
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew J Sweet
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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Kniss DA, Summerfield TL. Progesterone Receptor Signaling Selectively Modulates Cytokine-Induced Global Gene Expression in Human Cervical Stromal Cells. Front Genet 2020; 11:883. [PMID: 33061933 PMCID: PMC7517718 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in infants <1 year of age. Intrauterine inflammation is a hallmark of preterm and term parturition; however, this alone cannot fully explain the pathobiology of PTB. For example, the cervix undergoes a prolonged series of biochemical and biomechanical events, including extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and mechanochemical changes, culminating in ripening. Vaginal progesterone (P4) prophylaxis demonstrates great promise in preventing PTB in women with a short cervix (<25 mm). We used a primary culture model of human cervical stromal fibroblasts to investigate gene expression signatures in cells treated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the presence or absence of P4 following 17β-estradiol (17β-E2) priming for 7–10 days. Microarrays were used to measure global gene expression in cells treated with cytokine or P4 alone or in combination, followed by validation of select transcripts by semiquantitative polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCR). Primary/precursor (MIR) and mature microRNAs (miR) were quantified by microarray and NanoString® platforms, respectively, and validated by qRT-PCR. Differential gene expression was computed after data normalization followed by pathway analysis using Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Panther, Gene Ontology (GO), and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) upstream regulator algorithm tools. Treatment of fibroblasts with IL-1β alone resulted in the differential expression of 1432 transcripts (protein coding and non-coding), while P4 alone led to the expression of only 43 transcripts compared to untreated controls. Cytokines, chemokines, and their cognate receptors and prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2 (PTGS-2) were among the most highly upregulated transcripts following either IL-1β or IL-1β + P4. Other prominent differentially expressed transcripts were those encoding ECM proteins, ECM-degrading enzymes, and enzymes involved in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) biosynthesis. We also detected differential expression of bradykinin receptor-1 and -2 transcripts, suggesting (prominent in tissue injury/remodeling) a role for the kallikrein–kinin system in cervical responses to cytokine and/or P4 challenge. Collectively, this global gene expression study provides a rich database to interrogate stromal fibroblasts in the setting of a proinflammatory and endocrine milieu that is relevant to cervical remodeling/ripening during preparation for parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Kniss
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Laboratory of Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Taryn L Summerfield
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Laboratory of Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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Growth Modulatory Role of Zinc in Prostate Cancer and Application to Cancer Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082991. [PMID: 32340289 PMCID: PMC7216164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc is a group IIB heavy metal. It is an important regulator of major cell signaling pathways in most mammalian cells, functions as an antioxidant and plays a role in maintaining genomic stability. Zinc deficiency leads to severe diseases in the brain, pancreas, liver, kidneys and reproductive organs. Zinc loss occurs during tumor development in a variety of cancers. The prostate normally contains abundant intracellular zinc and zinc loss is a hallmark of the development of prostate cancer development. The underlying mechanism of this loss is not clearly understood. The knowledge that excess zinc prevents the growth of prostate cancers suggests that zinc-mediated therapeutics could be an effective approach for cancer prevention and treatment, although challenges remain. This review summarizes the specific roles of zinc in several cancer types focusing on prostate cancer. The relationship between prostate cancer and the dysregulation of zinc homeostasis is examined in detail in an effort to understand the role of zinc in prostate cancer.
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Advanced Age Is Associated with Iron Dyshomeostasis and Mitochondrial DNA Damage in Human Skeletal Muscle. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121525. [PMID: 31783583 PMCID: PMC6953082 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether disruption of iron metabolism is implicated in human muscle aging is presently unclear. We explored the relationship among iron metabolism, muscle mitochondrial homeostasis, inflammation, and physical function in older adults and young controls. Eleven young and 23 older men and women were included. Older adults were classified into high-functioning (HF) and low-functioning (LF) groups according to their Short Physical Performance Battery score. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were assayed for total iron content, expression of 8-oxoguanine and DNA glycosylase (OGG1), 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) levels, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and damage. Circulating ferritin and hepcidin levels were also quantified. Muscle iron levels were greater in the old group. Protein expression of transferrin receptor 1, Zrt-Irt-like protein (ZIP) 8, and ZIP14 were lower in old participants. Circulating levels of ferritin, hepcidin, interleukin 6 (IL6), and C-reactive protein were higher in the old group. Old participants showed lower mtDNA content and greater mtDNA damage. OGG1 protein expression declined with age, whereas 3-NT levels were greater in old participants. Finally, a negative correlation was determined between ZIP14 expression and circulating IL6 levels in LF older adults. None of assayed parameters differed between HF and LF participants. Our findings suggest that muscle iron homeostasis is altered in old age, which might contribute to loss of mtDNA stability. Muscle iron metabolism may therefore represent a target for interventions against muscle aging.
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Nebert DW, Liu Z. SLC39A8 gene encoding a metal ion transporter: discovery and bench to bedside. Hum Genomics 2019; 13:51. [PMID: 31521203 PMCID: PMC6744627 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-019-0233-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SLC39A8 is an evolutionarily highly conserved gene that encodes the ZIP8 metal cation transporter in all vertebrates. SLC39A8 is ubiquitously expressed, including pluripotent embryonic stem cells; SLC39A8 expression occurs in every cell type examined. Uptake of ZIP8-mediated Mn2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Se4+, and Co2+ represents endogenous functions-moving these cations into the cell. By way of mouse genetic differences, the phenotype of "subcutaneous cadmium-induced testicular necrosis" was assigned to the Cdm locus in the 1970s. This led to identification of the mouse Slc39a8 gene, its most closely related Slc39a14 gene, and creation of Slc39a8-overexpressing, Slc39a8(neo/neo) knockdown, and cell type-specific conditional knockout mouse lines; the Slc39a8(-/-) global knockout mouse is early-embryolethal. Slc39a8(neo/neo) hypomorphs die between gestational day 16.5 and postnatal day 1-exhibiting severe anemia, dysregulated hematopoiesis, hypoplastic spleen, dysorganogenesis, stunted growth, and hypomorphic limbs. Not surprisingly, genome-wide association studies subsequently revealed human SLC39A8-deficiency variants exhibiting striking pleiotropy-defects correlated with clinical disorders in virtually every organ, tissue, and cell-type: numerous developmental and congenital disorders, the immune system, cardiovascular system, kidney, lung, liver, coagulation system, central nervous system, musculoskeletal system, eye, and gastrointestinal tract. Traits with which SLC39A8-deficiency variants are currently associated include Mn2+-deficient hypoglycosylation; numerous birth defects; Leigh syndrome-like mitochondrial redox deficiency; decreased serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels; increased body mass index; greater risk of coronary artery disease, hypotension, cardiovascular death, allergy, ischemic stroke, schizophrenia, Parkinson disease, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn disease, myopia, and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis; systemic lupus erythematosus with primary Sjögren syndrome; decreased height; and inadvertent participation in the inflammatory progression of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Nebert
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0056, USA.
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics & Molecular Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-2899, USA.
| | - Zijuan Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
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Paterek A, Mackiewicz U, Mączewski M. Iron and the heart: A paradigm shift from systemic to cardiomyocyte abnormalities. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21613-21629. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Paterek
- Department of Clinical Physiology Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education Warsaw Poland
| | - Urszula Mackiewicz
- Department of Clinical Physiology Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education Warsaw Poland
| | - Michał Mączewski
- Department of Clinical Physiology Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education Warsaw Poland
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30
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Sangkhae V, Nemeth E. Placental iron transport: The mechanism and regulatory circuits. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 133:254-261. [PMID: 29981833 PMCID: PMC7059975 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As the interface between the fetal and maternal circulation, the placenta facilitates both nutrient and waste exchange for the developing fetus. Iron is essential for healthy pregnancy, and transport of iron across the placenta is required for fetal growth and development. Perturbation of this transfer can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Despite its importance, our understanding of how a large amount of iron is transported across placental membranes, how this process is regulated, and which iron transporter proteins function in different placental cells remains rudimentary. Mechanistic studies in mouse models, including placenta-specific deletion or overexpression of iron-related proteins will be essential to make progress. This review summarizes our current understanding about iron transport across the syncytiotrophoblast under physiological conditions and identifies areas for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Sangkhae
- Center for Iron Disorders, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 LeConte Ave, CHS 37-131, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Elizabeta Nemeth
- Center for Iron Disorders, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 LeConte Ave, CHS 37-131, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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31
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Bowers K, Srai SKS. The trafficking of metal ion transporters of the Zrt- and Irt-like protein family. Traffic 2018; 19:813-822. [PMID: 29952128 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Metal ion transporters of the Zrt- and Irt-like protein (ZIP, or SLC39A) family transport zinc, iron, manganese and/or cadmium across cellular membranes and into the cytosol. The 14 human ZIP family proteins are expressed in a wide variety of tissues and function in many different cellular processes. Many of these proteins (including ZIP1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6/10, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14) are situated, at least some of the time, on the plasma membrane, where they mediate metal ion uptake into cells. Their level on the cell surface can be controlled rapidly via protein trafficking in response to the ions they transport. For example, the cell surface level of many ZIPs (including ZIP1, 3, 4, 8 and 12) is mediated by the available concentration of zinc. Zinc depletion causes a decrease in endocytosis and degradation, resulting in more ZIP on the surface to take up the essential ion. ZIP levels on the cell surface are a balance between endocytosis, recycling and degradation. We review the trafficking mechanisms of human ZIP proteins, highlighting possible targeting motifs and suggesting a model of zinc-mediated endocytic trafficking. We also provide two possible models for ZIP14 trafficking and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Bowers
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Surjit K S Srai
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK
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32
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Cheng G, Chang FJ, You PH, Lin J, Huang XY, Wu HY, Yan L, Deng JZ, You HJ, Sun CF. ZIP8 induces monocyte adhesion to the aortas ex-vivo by regulating zinc influx. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 62:203-211. [PMID: 30015240 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Monocytes recruited and adhering to the inflamed arteries are crucial for atherosclerosis development. Here, we report the role of zinc (Zn2+) homeostasis in monocyte adhesion and recruitment. By comparing the expression levels of Zn2+ transporters between non-adhering and adhering monocytes, we found that the Zn2+ importer ZIP8 was specifically upregulated in monocytes adhering to the aortas ex-vivo. Although the overexpression of ZIP8 increased the absorption of Zn2+, Fe2+ and Cd2+ in monocytes, only Zn2+ supplementation was demonstrated capable of promoting the adhesion of monocytes to endothelial monolayers in vitro. In addition, we confirmed the role of ZIP8-dependent Zn2+ influx in promoting monocyte adhesion to the aortas ex-vivo. More importantly, the enforced expression of ZIP8 increased monocyte adhesion and recruitment to the nascent atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE-/- mice. Overall, our results suggest that the Zn2+ influx in monocytes regulated by ZIP8 is a novel factor determining their adhesion and recruitment to atherosclerotic lesions, and that targeting ZIP8 or Zn2+ homeostasis may represent a novel strategy to interfere these activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Feng-Jun Chang
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, China
| | - Peng-Hua You
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Huang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, China
| | - Hao-Yu Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, China
| | - Ji-Zhao Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, China
| | - Hong-Jun You
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, China
| | - Chao-Feng Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China.
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33
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Chen J, Gálvez-Peralta M, Zhang X, Deng J, Liu Z, Nebert DW. In utero gene expression in the Slc39a8(neo/neo) knockdown mouse. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10703. [PMID: 30013175 PMCID: PMC6048144 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29109-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Slc39a8 encodes ZIP8, a divalent cation/bicarbonate symporter expressed in pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells, and therefore ubiquitous in adult tissues; ZIP8 influxes Zn2+, Mn2+ and Fe2+. Slc39a8(neo/neo) knockdown mice exhibit 10-15% of wild-type ZIP8 mRNA and protein levels, and show pleiotropic phenotype of stunted growth, neonatal lethality, multi-organ dysmorphogenesis, and dysregulated hematopoiesis manifested as severe anemia. Herein we performed RNA-seq analysis of gestational day (GD)13.5 yolk sac and placenta, and GD16.5 liver, kidney, lung, heart and cerebellum, comparing Slc39a8(neo/neo) with Slc39a8(+/+) wild-type. Meta-data analysis of differentially-expressed genes revealed 29 unique genes from all tissues - having enriched GO categories associated with hematopoiesis and hypoxia and KEGG categories of complement, response to infection, and coagulation cascade - consistent with dysregulated hematopoietic stem cell fate. Based on transcription factor (TF) profiles in the JASPAR database, and searching for TF-binding sites enriched by Pscan, we identified numerous genes encoding zinc-finger and other TFs associated with hematopoietic stem cell functions. We conclude that, in this mouse model, deficient ZIP8-mediated divalent cation transport affects zinc-finger (e.g. GATA proteins) and other TFs interacting with GATA proteins (e.g. TAL1), predominantly in yolk sac. These data strongly support the phenotype of dysmorphogenesis and anemia seen in Slc39a8(neo/neo) mice in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA
| | - Marina Gálvez-Peralta
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University Medical Center, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267, USA
| | - Jingyuan Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267, USA.,Amazon.com, Inc., Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Zijuan Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Daniel W Nebert
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267, USA.
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34
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Costas J. The highly pleiotropic gene SLC39A8 as an opportunity to gain insight into the molecular pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2018; 177:274-283. [PMID: 28557351 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is a long way from the initial discovery of a genome-wide significant signal to mechanistic understanding of the association. Identification of the gene and causal polymorphism usually requires an extensive additional effort. The schizophrenia genome-wide significant locus at 4q24 may be a rare exception to this pattern. As discussed in this review, the association at this locus is most probably driven by a functional missense variant at the metal cations transporter SLC39A8. The variant, rs13107325, is almost exclusive of European populations and is one of the most pleiotropic variants of the genome, being associated at genome-wide significant level with several additional traits, such as body mass index, Crohn's disease, blood pressure related-traits, and serum levels of manganese, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and HDL-cholesterol. SLC39A8 seems to be subject to recent natural selection in Europeans. It is almost ubiquitously expressed and its physiological role is beginning to be elucidated, mainly in relation to immunity. This manuscript presents arguments in favor of the rs13107325 variant as the functional variant responsible for the association of this locus with schizophrenia, reviews the genetic associations with this gene, the evidences of natural selection on the gene, and the known aspects about its structure and physiological functions. Finally, some hypotheses about putative mechanisms for its association with schizophrenia are presented based on this knowledge, including impaired immunity/inflammation, interference with glutamatergic neurotransmission, homeostasis of essential metals in brain, such as iron, zinc or manganese, or neurotoxicity by heavy metals, such as cadmium or lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Costas
- Grupo de Xenética Psiquiátrica, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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35
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Trivedi NH, Yu JJ, Hung CY, Doelger RP, Navara CS, Armitige LY, Seshu J, Sinai AP, Chambers JP, Guentzel MN, Arulanandam BP. Microbial co-infection alters macrophage polarization, phagosomal escape, and microbial killing. Innate Immun 2018; 24:152-162. [PMID: 29482417 PMCID: PMC6852389 DOI: 10.1177/1753425918760180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are important innate immune cells that respond to microbial insults.
In response to multi-bacterial infection, the macrophage activation state may
change upon exposure to nascent mediators, which results in different bacterial
killing mechanism(s). In this study, we utilized two respiratory bacterial
pathogens, Mycobacterium bovis (Bacillus Calmette
Guẻrin, BCG) and Francisella tularensis live
vaccine strain (LVS) with different phagocyte evasion mechanisms, as model
microbes to assess the influence of initial bacterial infection on the
macrophage response to secondary infection. Non-activated (M0) macrophages or
activated M2-polarized cells (J774 cells transfected with the mouse IL-4 gene)
were first infected with BCG for 24–48 h, subsequently challenged with LVS, and
the results of inhibition of LVS replication in the macrophages was assessed.
BCG infection in M0 macrophages activated TLR2-MyD88 and Mincle-CARD9 signaling
pathways, stimulating nitric oxide (NO) production and enhanced killing of LVS.
BCG infection had little effect on LVS escape from phagosomes into the cytosol
in M0 macrophages. In contrast, M2-polarized macrophages exhibited enhanced
endosomal acidification, as well as inhibiting LVS replication. Pre-infection
with BCG did not induce NO production and thus did not further reduce LVS
replication. This study provides a model for studies of the complexity of
macrophage activation in response to multi-bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita H Trivedi
- 1 Department of Biology, the South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, and the Center for Excellence in Infection Genomics, University of Texas at San Antonio, USA
| | - Jieh-Juen Yu
- 1 Department of Biology, the South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, and the Center for Excellence in Infection Genomics, University of Texas at San Antonio, USA
| | - Chiung-Yu Hung
- 1 Department of Biology, the South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, and the Center for Excellence in Infection Genomics, University of Texas at San Antonio, USA
| | - Richard P Doelger
- 1 Department of Biology, the South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, and the Center for Excellence in Infection Genomics, University of Texas at San Antonio, USA
| | - Christopher S Navara
- 1 Department of Biology, the South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, and the Center for Excellence in Infection Genomics, University of Texas at San Antonio, USA
| | | | - Janakiram Seshu
- 1 Department of Biology, the South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, and the Center for Excellence in Infection Genomics, University of Texas at San Antonio, USA
| | - Anthony P Sinai
- 3 The Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, USA
| | - James P Chambers
- 1 Department of Biology, the South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, and the Center for Excellence in Infection Genomics, University of Texas at San Antonio, USA
| | - M Neal Guentzel
- 1 Department of Biology, the South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, and the Center for Excellence in Infection Genomics, University of Texas at San Antonio, USA
| | - Bernard P Arulanandam
- 1 Department of Biology, the South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, and the Center for Excellence in Infection Genomics, University of Texas at San Antonio, USA
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36
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Choi EK, Nguyen TT, Gupta N, Iwase S, Seo YA. Functional analysis of SLC39A8 mutations and their implications for manganese deficiency and mitochondrial disorders. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3163. [PMID: 29453449 PMCID: PMC5816659 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21464-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
SLC39A8 encodes ZIP8, a divalent metal ion transporter. Mutations in the SLC39A8 gene are associated with congenital disorder of glycosylation type II and Leigh syndrome. Notably, affected patients with both disorders exhibited severe manganese (Mn) deficiency. The cellular function of human SLC39A8 (hSLC39A8) and the mechanisms by which mutations in this protein lead to human diseases are unclear. Herein, we show that hSLC39A8 mediates 54Mn uptake by the cells, and its expression is regulated by Mn. While expression of wild-type hSLC39A8 increased 54Mn uptake activity, disease-associated mutations abrogated the ability of the transporter to mediate Mn uptake into the cells, thereby providing a causal link to severe Mn deficiency. All mutants failed to localize on the cell surface and were retained within the endoplasmic reticulum. Interestingly, expression of hSLC39A8 mutants of both CDG type II and Leigh syndrome reduced mitochondrial 54Mn levels and activity of Mn-dependent mitochondrial superoxide dismutase MnSOD, and in turn increased oxidative stress. The expression of wild-type hSLC39A8, but not the disease-associated mutants, promoted mitochondrial functions. Moreover, loss of function analyses further corroborate hSLC39A8's critical role in mediating Mn uptake and mitochondrial function. Our results provide a potential pathogenic mechanism of diseases that are associated with hSLC39A8 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyung Choi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Trang-Tiffany Nguyen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Neil Gupta
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Shigeki Iwase
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Young Ah Seo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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37
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Thomas P, Converse A, Berg HA. ZIP9, a novel membrane androgen receptor and zinc transporter protein. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 257:130-136. [PMID: 28479083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Rapid, androgen actions initiated at the cell surface have been reported in a variety of vertebrate cells, including several macrophage and prostate cancer cell lines that lack the nuclear androgen receptor. However, until recently the identity of the novel membrane androgen receptor (mAR) mediating these nonclassical androgen actions remained unknown. In 2014, a novel mAR unrelated to nuclear androgen receptors was identified in Atlantic croaker ovaries as the zinc transporter protein, ZIP9. ZIP9 is one of the 14 members of the ZIP (ZRT-and Irt-like Protein, SLC39A) family that regulates zinc homeostasis by transporting zinc across cell and organelle membranes into the cytoplasm. Zinc is a micronutrient critical for the maintenance of physiological and cellular processes, such as development, growth, protein assembly and activity, signaling, and apoptosis. Both croaker ZIP9 and human ZIP9 proteins have the binding characteristics of high affinity, specific mARs, and are coupled to G proteins. Testosterone induces apoptosis through ZIP9 in croaker granulosa cells and in human breast and prostate cancer cells by a unique mechanism involving increases in both second messengers and intracellular free zinc concentrations. ZIP9 also mediates testosterone regulation of tight junction formation in Sertoli cells and nonclassical testosterone signaling in spermatogenic cells. ZIP9 acts through several signal transduction pathways, a stimulatory G protein (Gs) in granulosa cells, an inhibitory one (Gi) in cancer cells, and a Gq11 one (Gnα11) in spermatogenic cells. ZIP9 has a very broad tissue distribution and is predicted to mediate numerous and diverse nonclassical androgen actions in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Thomas
- Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, United States.
| | - Aubrey Converse
- Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, United States
| | - Håkan A Berg
- Department of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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38
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Lin W, Li D, Cheng L, Li L, Liu F, Hand NJ, Epstein JA, Rader DJ. Zinc transporter Slc39a8 is essential for cardiac ventricular compaction. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:826-833. [PMID: 29337306 PMCID: PMC5785267 DOI: 10.1172/jci96993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Isolated left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) results from excessive trabeculation and impaired myocardial compaction during heart development. The extracellular matrix (ECM) that separates endocardium from myocardium plays a critical but poorly understood role in ventricular trabeculation and compaction. In an attempt to characterize solute carrier family 39 member 8-null (Slc39a8-null) mice, we discovered that homozygous null embryos do not survive embryogenesis and exhibit a cardiac phenotype similar to human LVNC. Slc39a8 encodes a divalent metal cation importer that has been implicated in ECM degradation through the zinc/metal regulatory transcription factor 1 (Zn/MTF1) axis, which promotes the expression of ECM-degrading enzymes, including Adamts metalloproteinases. Here, we have shown that Slc39a8 is expressed by endothelial cells in the developing mouse heart, where it serves to maintain cellular Zn levels. Furthermore, Slc39a8-null hearts exhibited marked ECM accumulation and reduction of several Adamts metalloproteinases. Consistent with the in vivo observations, knockdown of SLC39A8 in HUVECs decreased ADAMTS1 transcription by decreasing cellular Zn uptake and, as a result, MTF1 transcriptional activity. Our study thus identifies a gene underlying ventricular trabeculation and compaction development, and a pathway regulating ECM during myocardial morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deqiang Li
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lan Cheng
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Li Li
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Feiyan Liu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Jonathan A. Epstein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel J. Rader
- Department of Genetics
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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39
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Cho M, Hu G, Caza M, Horianopoulos LC, Kronstad JW, Jung WH. Vacuolar zinc transporter Zrc1 is required for detoxification of excess intracellular zinc in the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. J Microbiol 2018; 56:65-71. [PMID: 29299844 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-018-7475-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is an important transition metal in all living organisms and is required for numerous biological processes. However, excess zinc can also be toxic to cells and cause cellular stress. In the model fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a vacuolar zinc transporter, Zrc1, plays important roles in the storage and detoxification of excess intracellular zinc to protect the cell. In this study, we identified an ortholog of the S. cerevisiae ZRC1 gene in the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. Zrc1 was localized in the vacuolar membrane in C. neoformans, and a mutant lacking ZRC1 showed significant growth defects under high-zinc conditions. These results suggested a role for Zrc1 in zinc detoxification. However, contrary to our expectation, the expression of Zrc1 was induced in cells grown in zinc-limited conditions and decreased upon the addition of zinc. These expression patterns were similar to those of Zip1, the high-affinity zinc transporter in the plasma membrane of C. neoformans. Furthermore, we used the zrc1 mutant in a murine model of cryptococcosis to examine whether a mammalian host could inhibit the survival of C. neoformans using zinc toxicity. We found that the mutant showed no difference in virulence compared with the wildtype strain. This result suggests that Zrc1-mediated zinc detoxification is not required for the virulence of C. neoformans, and imply that zinc toxicity may not be an important aspect of the host immune response to the fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsu Cho
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Guanggan Hu
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Mélissa Caza
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Linda C Horianopoulos
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - James W Kronstad
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Won Hee Jung
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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40
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Stocks CJ, Schembri MA, Sweet MJ, Kapetanovic R. For when bacterial infections persist: Toll-like receptor-inducible direct antimicrobial pathways in macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 103:35-51. [PMID: 29345056 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4ri0917-358r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are linchpins of innate immunity, responding to invading microorganisms by initiating coordinated inflammatory and antimicrobial programs. Immediate antimicrobial responses, such as NADPH-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS), are triggered upon phagocytic receptor engagement. Macrophages also detect and respond to microbial products through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as TLRs. TLR signaling influences multiple biological processes including antigen presentation, cell survival, inflammation, and direct antimicrobial responses. The latter enables macrophages to combat infectious agents that persist within the intracellular environment. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of TLR-inducible direct antimicrobial responses that macrophages employ against bacterial pathogens, with a focus on emerging evidence linking TLR signaling to reprogramming of mitochondrial functions to enable the production of direct antimicrobial agents such as ROS and itaconic acid. In addition, we describe other TLR-inducible antimicrobial pathways, including autophagy/mitophagy, modulation of nutrient availability, metal ion toxicity, reactive nitrogen species, immune GTPases (immunity-related GTPases and guanylate-binding proteins), and antimicrobial peptides. We also describe examples of mechanisms of evasion of such pathways by professional intramacrophage pathogens, with a focus on Salmonella, Mycobacteria, and Listeria. An understanding of how TLR-inducible direct antimicrobial responses are regulated, as well as how bacterial pathogens subvert such pathways, may provide new opportunities for manipulating host defence to combat infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia J Stocks
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) and IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark A Schembri
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew J Sweet
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) and IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ronan Kapetanovic
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) and IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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41
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Gerwien F, Skrahina V, Kasper L, Hube B, Brunke S. Metals in fungal virulence. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2018; 42:4562650. [PMID: 29069482 PMCID: PMC5812535 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fux050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metals are essential for life, and they play a central role in the struggle between infecting microbes and their hosts. In fact, an important aspect of microbial pathogenesis is the 'nutritional immunity', in which metals are actively restricted (or, in an extended definition of the term, locally enriched) by the host to hinder microbial growth and virulence. Consequently, fungi have evolved often complex regulatory networks, uptake and detoxification systems for essential metals such as iron, zinc, copper, nickel and manganese. These systems often differ fundamentally from their bacterial counterparts, but even within the fungal pathogens we can find common and unique solutions to maintain metal homeostasis. Thus, we here compare the common and species-specific mechanisms used for different metals among different fungal species-focusing on important human pathogens such as Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus or Cryptococcus neoformans, but also looking at model fungi such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae or A. nidulans as well-studied examples for the underlying principles. These direct comparisons of our current knowledge reveal that we have a good understanding how model fungal pathogens take up iron or zinc, but that much is still to learn about other metals and specific adaptations of individual species-not the least to exploit this knowledge for new antifungal strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Gerwien
- Department Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology– Hans Knoell Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Volha Skrahina
- Department Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology– Hans Knoell Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Lydia Kasper
- Department Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology– Hans Knoell Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Department Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology– Hans Knoell Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sascha Brunke
- Department Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology– Hans Knoell Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany
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42
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Ye Q, Park JE, Gugnani K, Betharia S, Pino-Figueroa A, Kim J. Influence of iron metabolism on manganese transport and toxicity. Metallomics 2017; 9:1028-1046. [PMID: 28620665 DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00079k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although manganese (Mn) is critical for the proper functioning of various metabolic enzymes and cofactors, excess Mn in the brain causes neurotoxicity. While the exact transport mechanism of Mn has not been fully understood, several importers and exporters for Mn have been identified over the past decade. In addition to Mn-specific transporters, it has been demonstrated that iron transporters can mediate Mn transport in the brain and peripheral tissues. However, while the expression of iron transporters is regulated by body iron stores, whether or not disorders of iron metabolism modify Mn homeostasis has not been systematically discussed. The present review will provide an update on the role of altered iron status in the transport and toxicity of Mn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue 148TF, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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43
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Elemental Ingredients in the Macrophage Cocktail: Role of ZIP8 in Host Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112375. [PMID: 29120360 PMCID: PMC5713344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a global epidemic caused by the infection of human macrophages with the world’s most deadly single bacterial pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). M.tb resides in a phagosomal niche within macrophages, where trace element concentrations impact the immune response, bacterial metal metabolism, and bacterial survival. The manipulation of micronutrients is a critical mechanism of host defense against infection. In particular, the human zinc transporter Zrt-/Irt-like protein 8 (ZIP8), one of 14 ZIP family members, is important in the flux of divalent cations, including zinc, into the cytoplasm of macrophages. It also has been observed to exist on the membrane of cellular organelles, where it can serve as an efflux pump that transports zinc into the cytosol. ZIP8 is highly inducible in response to M.tb infection of macrophages, and we have observed its localization to the M.tb phagosome. The expression, localization, and function of ZIP8 and other divalent cation transporters within macrophages have important implications for TB prevention and dissemination and warrant further study. In particular, given the importance of zinc as an essential nutrient required for humans and M.tb, it is not yet clear whether ZIP-guided zinc transport serves as a host protective factor or, rather, is targeted by M.tb to enable its phagosomal survival.
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44
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Lindén M, Ramírez Sepúlveda JI, James T, Thorlacius GE, Brauner S, Gómez-Cabrero D, Olsson T, Kockum I, Wahren-Herlenius M. Sex influences eQTL effects of SLE and Sjögren's syndrome-associated genetic polymorphisms. Biol Sex Differ 2017; 8:34. [PMID: 29070082 PMCID: PMC5657123 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-017-0153-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) are autoimmune disorders characterized by autoantibodies, dysregulated B cells, and notably high female-to-male incidence ratios. Genome-wide association studies have identified several susceptibility SNPs for both diseases. Many SNPs in the genome are expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), with context-dependent effects. Assuming that sex is a biological context, we investigated whether SLE/pSS SNPs act as eQTLs in B cells and used a disease-targeted approach to understand if they display sex-specific effects. METHODS We used genome-wide genotype and gene expression data from primary B cells from 125 males and 162 females. The MatrixEQTL R package was used to identify eQTLs within a genomic window of 2 Mb centered on each of 22 established SLE and/or pSS susceptibility SNPs. To find sex-specific eQTLs, we used a linear model with a SNP * sex interaction term. RESULTS We found ten SNPs affecting the expression of 16 different genes (FDR < 0.05). rs7574865-INPP1, rs7574865-MYO1B, rs4938573-CD3D, rs11755393-SNRPC, and rs4963128-PHRF1 were novel observations for the immune compartment and B cells. By analyzing the SNP * sex interaction terms, we identified six genes with differentially regulated expression in females compared to males, depending on the genotype of SLE/pSS-associated SNPs: SLC39A8 (BANK1 locus), CD74 (TNIP1 locus), PXK, CTSB (BLK/FAM167A locus), ARCN1 (CXCR5 locus), and DHX9 (NCF2 locus). CONCLUSIONS We identified several unknown sex-specific eQTL effects of SLE/pSS-associated genetic polymorphisms and provide novel insight into how gene-sex interactions may contribute to the sex bias in systemic autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Lindén
- Unit of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jorge I Ramírez Sepúlveda
- Unit of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tojo James
- Unit of Neuroimmunology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gudny Ella Thorlacius
- Unit of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna Brauner
- Unit of Neuroimmunology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Gómez-Cabrero
- Unit of Computational Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, 17121, Solna, Sweden.,Mucosal and Salivary Biology Division, King's College London Dental Institute, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Unit of Neuroimmunology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Kockum
- Unit of Neuroimmunology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Wahren-Herlenius
- Unit of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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45
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Bodiga VL, Thokala S, Kovur SM, Bodiga S. Zinc Dyshomeostasis in Cardiomyocytes after Acute Hypoxia/Reoxygenation. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 179:117-129. [PMID: 28181174 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-0957-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Zinc dyshomeostasis may play a role in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression profile of zinc regulated transporter like- and iron-regulated transporter-like proteins (ZIPs) and zinc transporter proteins (ZnTs) in cardiomyocytes and their modulation in response to hypoxia and reoxygenation. Adult rat ventricular myocytes (ARVMs) were subjected to 6 h of hypoxia, followed by 18 h of reoxygenation. Intracellular and extracellular zinc concentrations were determined using Fluozin-3 and Newport Green fluorescence, respectively. Expression of ZnTs 1, 2, 5, and 9 along with ZIPs 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, and 14 was detectable in the cardiomyocytes by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Hypoxia elicited accumulation of intracellular free zinc, but subsequent reoxygenation resulted in striking loss of intracellular free zinc and decreased the cardiomyocyte viability. Concomitantly, extracellular zinc levels dropped rapidly during hypoxia, but increased after reoxygenation. Immunoblotting analysis revealed that hypoxia increased the expression of ZnT1, but reoxygenation significantly increased the expression of ZnTs 2 and 5. Neither hypoxia nor reoxygenation altered the levels of ZnT9. Increased intracellular zinc at the end of hypoxia is related to enhanced expression of ZIPs, whereas decreased intracellular zinc during reoxygenation appears to be due to lowered expression of all ZIPs, in addition to elevated levels of ZnTs 2 and 5. These results thus suggest that there is impaired accumulation of intracellular zinc during reoxygenation, due to overexpression of specific ZnTs and downregulation of ZIP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Lakshmi Bodiga
- Institute of Genetics & Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Begumpet, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500016, India
| | - Sandhya Thokala
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana, 506009, India
| | - Sita Mahalaxmi Kovur
- Institute of Genetics & Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Begumpet, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500016, India
| | - Sreedhar Bodiga
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana, 506009, India.
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46
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Knez M, Graham RD, Welch RM, Stangoulis JCR. New perspectives on the regulation of iron absorption via cellular zinc concentrations in humans. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:2128-2143. [PMID: 26177050 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1050483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Iron deficiency is the most prevalent nutritional deficiency, affecting more than 30% of the total world's population. It is a major public health problem in many countries around the world. Over the years various methods have been used with an effort to try and control iron-deficiency anemia. However, there has only been a marginal reduction in the global prevalence of anemia. Why is this so? Iron and zinc are essential trace elements for humans. These metals influence the transport and absorption of one another across the enterocytes and hepatocytes, due to similar ionic properties. This paper describes the structure and roles of major iron and zinc transport proteins, clarifies iron-zinc interactions at these sites, and provides a model for the mechanism of these interactions both at the local and systemic level. This review provides evidence that much of the massive extent of iron deficiency anemia in the world may be due to an underlying deficiency of zinc. It explains the reasons for predominance of cellular zinc status in determination of iron/zinc interactions and for the first time thoroughly explains mechanisms by which zinc brings about these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Knez
- a School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Robin D Graham
- a School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Ross M Welch
- b USDA/ARS, Robert W. Holley Centre for Agriculture and Health, Cornell University , Ithaca , New York , USA
| | - James C R Stangoulis
- a School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
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47
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Bafaro E, Liu Y, Xu Y, Dempski RE. The emerging role of zinc transporters in cellular homeostasis and cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2017; 2:17029. [PMID: 29218234 PMCID: PMC5661630 DOI: 10.1038/sigtrans.2017.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential micronutrient that plays a role in the structural or enzymatic functions of many cellular proteins. Cellular zinc homeostasis involves the opposing action of two families of metal transporters: the ZnT (SLC30) family that functions to reduce cytoplasmic zinc concentrations and the ZIP (SLC39) family that functions to increase cytoplasmic zinc concentrations. Fluctuations in intracellular zinc levels mediated by these transporter families affect signaling pathways involved in normal cell development, growth, differentiation and death. Consequently, changes in zinc transporter localization and function resulting in zinc dyshomeostasis have pathophysiological effects. Zinc dyshomeostasis has been implicated in the progression of cancer. Here we review recent progress toward understanding the structural basis for zinc transport by ZnT and ZIP family proteins, as well as highlight the roles of zinc as a signaling molecule in physiological conditions and in various cancers. As zinc is emerging as an important signaling molecule in the development and progression of cancer, the ZnT and ZIP transporters that regulate cellular zinc homeostasis are promising candidates for targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Bafaro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yuting Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Robert E Dempski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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48
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Abstract
Bacterial pathogens have evolved to exploit humans as a rich source of nutrients to support survival and replication. The pathways of bacterial metabolism that permit successful colonization are surprisingly varied and highlight remarkable metabolic flexibility. The constraints and immune pressures of distinct niches within the human body set the stage for understanding the mechanisms by which bacteria acquire critical nutrients. In this article we discuss how different bacterial pathogens carry out carbon and energy metabolism in the host and how they obtain or use key nutrients for replication and immune evasion.
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49
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Lin W, Vann DR, Doulias PT, Wang T, Landesberg G, Li X, Ricciotti E, Scalia R, He M, Hand NJ, Rader DJ. Hepatic metal ion transporter ZIP8 regulates manganese homeostasis and manganese-dependent enzyme activity. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:2407-2417. [PMID: 28481222 DOI: 10.1172/jci90896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants at the solute carrier family 39 member 8 (SLC39A8) gene locus are associated with the regulation of whole-blood manganese (Mn) and multiple physiological traits. SLC39A8 encodes ZIP8, a divalent metal ion transporter best known for zinc transport. Here, we hypothesized that ZIP8 regulates Mn homeostasis and Mn-dependent enzymes to influence metabolism. We generated Slc39a8-inducible global-knockout (ZIP8-iKO) and liver-specific-knockout (ZIP8-LSKO) mice and observed markedly decreased Mn levels in multiple organs and whole blood of both mouse models. By contrast, liver-specific overexpression of human ZIP8 (adeno-associated virus-ZIP8 [AAV-ZIP8]) resulted in increased tissue and whole blood Mn levels. ZIP8 expression was localized to the hepatocyte canalicular membrane, and bile Mn levels were increased in ZIP8-LSKO and decreased in AAV-ZIP8 mice. ZIP8-LSKO mice also displayed decreased liver and kidney activity of the Mn-dependent enzyme arginase. Both ZIP8-iKO and ZIP8-LSKO mice had defective protein N-glycosylation, and humans homozygous for the minor allele at the lead SLC39A8 variant showed hypogalactosylation, consistent with decreased activity of another Mn-dependent enzyme, β-1,4-galactosyltransferase. In summary, hepatic ZIP8 reclaims Mn from bile and regulates whole-body Mn homeostasis, thereby modulating the activity of Mn-dependent enzymes. This work provides a mechanistic basis for the association of SLC39A8 with whole-blood Mn, potentially linking SLC39A8 variants with other physiological traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Lin
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, and
| | - David R Vann
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paschalis-Thomas Doulias
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, and
| | - Gavin Landesberg
- Department of Physiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xueli Li
- Palmieri Metabolic Disease Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Rosario Scalia
- Department of Physiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Miao He
- Palmieri Metabolic Disease Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, and
| | - Nicholas J Hand
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, and.,Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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50
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Dos Santos FM, Piffer AC, Schneider RDO, Ribeiro NS, Garcia AWA, Schrank A, Kmetzsch L, Vainstein MH, Staats CC. Alterations of zinc homeostasis in response to Cryptococcus neoformans in a murine macrophage cell line. Future Microbiol 2017; 12:491-504. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2016-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate alterations of zinc homeostasis in macrophages exposed to Cryptococcus neoformans. Materials & methods: Using a fluorescent zinc probe-based flow cytometry and atomic absorption spectrometry, zinc levels were evaluated in J774.A1 cell lines exposed to C. neoformans H99 cells. The transcription profile of macrophage zinc related homeostasis genes – metallothioneins and zinc transporters (ZnTs) of the SLC30 and SLC39 (Zrt-Irt-protein) families – was analyzed by quantitative PCR. Results: Macrophage intracellular labile zinc levels decreased following exposure to C. neoformans. A significant decrease in transcription levels was detected in specific ZnTs from both the Zrt-Irt-protein and ZnT families, especially 24 h after infection. Conclusion: These findings suggest that macrophages may exhibit zinc depletion in response to C. neoformans infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Melise Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 43421, Caixa Postal 15005, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Alícia Corbellini Piffer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 43421, Caixa Postal 15005, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Rafael de Oliveira Schneider
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 43421, Caixa Postal 15005, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Nicole Sartori Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 43421, Caixa Postal 15005, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Ane Wichine Acosta Garcia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 43421, Caixa Postal 15005, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Augusto Schrank
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 43421, Caixa Postal 15005, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 43421, Caixa Postal 15005, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Lívia Kmetzsch
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 43421, Caixa Postal 15005, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 43421, Caixa Postal 15005, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Marilene Henning Vainstein
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 43421, Caixa Postal 15005, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 43421, Caixa Postal 15005, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Charley Christian Staats
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 43421, Caixa Postal 15005, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 43421, Caixa Postal 15005, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
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