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Padovan A, Kennedy K, Gibb K. A microcystin synthesis mcyE/ndaF gene assay enables early detection of microcystin production in a tropical wastewater pond. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 127:102476. [PMID: 37544676 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria can dominate the algal community in wastewater ponds, which can lead to the production of cyanotoxins and their release into the environment. We applied traditional and molecular techniques to identify cyanotoxin hazards and high-risk periods in a tropical wastewater treatment system. Potentially toxic cyanobacteria were identified by microscopy and amplicon sequencing over the course of a year. Toxin gene levels were monitored and compared to toxin production to identify likely toxin producing species and high-risk periods. Cyanobacteria were persistent in the effluent year-round, with Planktothrix and Microcystis the most abundant genera; Microcystis could not be resolved beyond genus using amplicon sequencing, but M. flos-aquae was identified as a dominant species by microscopy. Microcystin toxin was detected for the first time in treated effluent at the beginning of the wet season (December 2018), which correlated with an increase in Microcystis amplicon sequence abundance and elevated microcystin toxin gene (mcyE/ndaF) levels. Concomitantly, microscopy data showed an increase in M. flos-aquae but not M. aeruginosa. These data informed a refined sampling campaign in 2019 and results showed a strong correlation between mcyE/ndaF gene abundance, microcystin toxin levels and Microcystis amplicon sequence abundance. Microscopy data showed that in addition to M. flos-aquae, M. aeruginosa was also abundant in February and March 2019, with highest levels coinciding with toxin detection and toxin gene levels. M. aeruginosa was the most abundant Microcystis species detected in selected treated effluent samples by metagenomics analysis, and elevated levels coincided with toxin production. All microcystin genes in the biosynthesis pathway were detected, but microcystin genes from Planktothrix agardhii were not detected. Gene toxin assays were successfully used to predict microcystin production in this wastewater system. Changes in amplicon sequence relative abundance were a useful indicator of changes in the cyanobacterial community. We found that metagenomics was useful not just for identifying the most abundant Microcystis species, but the detection of microcystin biosynthesis genes helped confirm this genus as the most likely toxin producer in this system. We recommend toxin gene testing for the early detection of potential toxin producing cyanobacteria to manage the risk of toxicity and allow the implementation of risk management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Padovan
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Ellengowan Drive, Casuarina, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia.
| | - Karen Kennedy
- Power and Water Corporation, Water Services, P.O. Box 37471, Winnellie, NT, Australia
| | - Karen Gibb
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Ellengowan Drive, Casuarina, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
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2
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Gallet A, Halary S, Duval C, Huet H, Duperron S, Marie B. Disruption of fish gut microbiota composition and holobiont's metabolome during a simulated Microcystis aeruginosa (Cyanobacteria) bloom. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:108. [PMID: 37194081 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01558-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyanobacterial blooms are one of the most common stressors encountered by metazoans living in freshwater lentic systems such as lakes and ponds. Blooms reportedly impair fish health, notably through oxygen depletion and production of bioactive compounds including cyanotoxins. However, in the times of the "microbiome revolution", it is surprising that so little is still known regarding the influence of blooms on fish microbiota. In this study, an experimental approach is used to demonstrate that blooms affect fish microbiome composition and functions, as well as the metabolome of holobionts. To this end, the model teleost Oryzias latipes is exposed to simulated Microcystis aeruginosa blooms of various intensities in a microcosm setting, and the response of bacterial gut communities is evaluated in terms of composition and metabolome profiling. Metagenome-encoded functions are compared after 28 days between control individuals and those exposed to highest bloom level. RESULTS The gut bacterial community of O. latipes exhibits marked responses to the presence of M. aeruginosa blooms in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, abundant gut-associated Firmicutes almost disappear, while potential opportunists increase. The holobiont's gut metabolome displays major changes, while functions encoded in the metagenome of bacterial partners are more marginally affected. Bacterial communities tend to return to original composition after the end of the bloom and remain sensitive in case of a second bloom, reflecting a highly reactive gut community. CONCLUSION Gut-associated bacterial communities and holobiont functioning are affected by both short and long exposure to M. aeruginosa, and show evidence of post-bloom resilience. These findings point to the significance of bloom events to fish health and fitness, including survival and reproduction, through microbiome-related effects. In the context of increasingly frequent and intense blooms worldwide, potential outcomes relevant to conservation biology as well as aquaculture warrant further investigation. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Gallet
- UMR7245 Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Halary
- UMR7245 Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Duval
- UMR7245 Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Huet
- UMR1161 Virologie, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, INRA - ANSES - ENVA, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sébastien Duperron
- UMR7245 Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Paris, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
| | - Benjamin Marie
- UMR7245 Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Paris, France.
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3
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Osburn FS, Wagner ND, Taylor RB, Chambliss CK, Brooks BW, Scott JT. The effects of salinity and N:P on N-rich toxins by both an N-fixing and non-N-fixing cyanobacteria. LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LETTERS 2023; 8:162-172. [PMID: 36777312 PMCID: PMC9915339 DOI: 10.1002/lol2.10234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are experiencing increased salinization. Adaptive management of harmful algal blooms (HABs) contribute to eutrophication/salinization interactions through the hydrologic transport of blooms to coastal environments. We examined how nutrients and salinity interact to affect growth, elemental composition, and cyanotoxin production/release in two common HAB genera. Microcystis aeruginosa (non-nitrogen (N)-fixer and microcystin-LR producer; MC-LR) and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (N-fixer and cylindrospermopsin producer; CYN) were grown in N:phosphorus (N:P) 4 and 50 (by atom) for 21 and 33 days, respectively, then dosed with a salinity gradient (0 - 10.5 g L-1). Both total MC-LR and CYN were correlated with particulate N. We found Microcystis MC-LR production and release was affected by salinity only in the N:P 50 treatment. However, Aphanizomenon CYN production and release was affected by salinity regardless of N availability. Our results highlight how cyanotoxin production and release across the freshwater - marine continuum are controlled by eco-physiological differences between N-acquisition traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia S. Osburn
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco TX USA
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco TX USA
| | - Nicole D. Wagner
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco TX USA
| | - Raegyn B. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco TX USA
| | - C. Kevin Chambliss
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco TX USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco TX USA
- The Institute for Ecological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco TX USA
| | - Bryan W. Brooks
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco TX USA
- The Institute for Ecological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco TX USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco TX USA
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco TX USA
| | - J. Thad Scott
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco TX USA
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco TX USA
- The Institute for Ecological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco TX USA
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4
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Lehman PW, Kurobe T, Huynh K, Lesmeister S, Teh SJ. Covariance of Phytoplankton, Bacteria, and Zooplankton Communities Within Microcystis Blooms in San Francisco Estuary. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:632264. [PMID: 34163439 PMCID: PMC8215387 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.632264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcystis blooms have occurred in upper San Francisco Estuary (USFE) since 1999, but their potential impacts on plankton communities have not been fully quantified. Five years of field data collected from stations across the freshwater reaches of the estuary were used to identify the plankton communities that covaried with Microcystis blooms, including non-photosynthetic bacteria, cyanobacteria, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and benthic genera using a suite of analyses, including microscopy, quantitative PCR (qPCR), and shotgun metagenomic analysis. Coherence between the abundance of Microcystis and members of the plankton community was determined by hierarchal cluster analysis (CLUSTER) and type 3 similarity profile analysis (SIMPROF), as well as correlation analysis. Microcystis abundance varied with many cyanobacteria and phytoplankton genera and was most closely correlated with the non-toxic cyanobacterium Merismopoedia, the green algae Monoraphidium and Chlamydomonas, and the potentially toxic cyanobacteria Pseudoanabaena, Dolichospermum, Planktothrix, Sphaerospermopsis, and Aphanizomenon. Among non-photosynthetic bacteria, the xenobiotic bacterium Phenylobacterium was the most closely correlated with Microcystis abundance. The coherence of DNA sequences for phyla across trophic levels in the plankton community also demonstrated the decrease in large zooplankton and increase in small zooplankton during blooms. The breadth of correlations between Microcystis and plankton across trophic levels suggests Microcystis influences ecosystem production through bottom-up control during blooms. Importantly, the abundance of Microcystis and other members of the plankton community varied with wet and dry conditions, indicating climate was a significant driver of trophic structure during blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy W. Lehman
- Division of Environmental Services, California Department of Water Resources, West Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Tomofumi Kurobe
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Khiet Huynh
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sarah Lesmeister
- Division of Environmental Services, California Department of Water Resources, West Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Swee J. Teh
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Ferrão-Filho AS, Pereira UJ, Vilar MCP, de Magalhães L, Marinho MM. Can small-bodied Daphnia control Raphidiopsis raciborskii in eutrophic tropical lakes? A mesocosm experiment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:35459-35473. [PMID: 32592062 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09737-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Raphidiopsis raciborskii is being considered an expanding, invasive species all over the world. It is a potentially toxin producer cyanobacterium and form blooms specially in (sub)tropical lakes, causing concern to public health. Thus, controlling such phenomena are of vital importance. To test the hypothesis that a tropical clone of Daphnia laevis is able to reduce the biomass of R. raciborskii, we performed a mesocosm experiment simulating a bloom of this cyanobacterium in field conditions and exposing it to ecologically relevant densities of daphniids. In addition, we tested the hypothesis that omnivorous fish would be able to exert a top-down effect on Daphnia, decreasing the effectiveness of this control. We used treatments with (10 and 20 Daphnia L-1) or without Daphnia and fish (3 per mesocosm). Daphnia was able to significantly reduce the biomass of R. raciborskii only at the highest density tested. Fish had low effect on Daphnia biomass, but it is suggested that nutrient recycling by fish might have contributed to the higher R. raciborskii biomass in fish treatments. This is the first evidence of Daphnia control over saxitoxin-producing cyanobacteria in a tropical ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloysio S Ferrão-Filho
- Laboratory of Evaluation and Promotion of Environmental Health, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil.
| | - Uanderson J Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Department of Botany, Nacional Museum, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21940-590, Brazil
| | - Mauro C P Vilar
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Toxicology of Cyanobacteria, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Leonardo de Magalhães
- Laboratory of Ecology and Physiology of Phytoplankton, Department of Plant Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo M Marinho
- Laboratory of Ecology and Physiology of Phytoplankton, Department of Plant Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900, Brazil
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Krausfeldt LE, Farmer AT, Castro HF, Boyer GL, Campagna SR, Wilhelm SW. Nitrogen flux into metabolites and microcystins changes in response to different nitrogen sources in Microcystis aeruginosa NIES-843. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:2419-2431. [PMID: 32338427 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The over-enrichment of nitrogen (N) in the environment has contributed to severe and recurring harmful cyanobacterial blooms, especially by the non-N2 -fixing Microcystis spp. N chemical speciation influences cyanobacterial growth, persistence and the production of the hepatotoxin microcystin, but the physiological mechanisms to explain these observations remain unresolved. Stable-labelled isotopes and metabolomics were employed to address the influence of nitrate, ammonium, and urea on cellular physiology and production of microcystins in Microcystis aeruginosa NIES-843. Global metabolic changes were driven by both N speciation and diel cycling. Tracing 15 N-labelled nitrate, ammonium, and urea through the metabolome revealed N uptake, regardless of species, was linked to C assimilation. The production of amino acids, like arginine, and other N-rich compounds corresponded with greater turnover of microcystins in cells grown on urea compared to nitrate and ammonium. However, 15 N was incorporated into microcystins from all N sources. The differences in N flux were attributed to the energetic efficiency of growth on each N source. While N in general plays an important role in sustaining biomass, these data show that N-speciation induces physiological changes that culminate in differences in global metabolism, cellular microcystin quotas and congener composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abigail T Farmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Hector F Castro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Gregory L Boyer
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Shawn R Campagna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Steven W Wilhelm
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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7
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Cyanobacterial Blooms and Zooplankton Structure in Lake Ecosystem under Limited Human Impact. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12051252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms are tightly related to increasing trophic conditions of lakes and climate warming. Abiotic and biotic parameters were studied in a shallow lake, in which the island with the largest cormorants colony in north-eastern Poland is situated. We hypothesized that the strongest cyanobacterial blooms will persist near the cormorant’s island and will decrease with an increasing distance from it. Filamentous cyanobacteria (Pseudanabaena, Planktolyngbya, Limnothrix, Planktothrix) were the main phytoplankton components during summer and autumn. Their strongest blooms (up to 66 mg L−1) were recorded near the roosting area. The content of nutrients and chlorophyll a, and the biomass of phytoplankton (primarily cyanobacteria) and zooplankton, decreased gradually with the increasing distance from the island. The changes from hypertrophic to eutrophic conditions were confirmed by a decrease in values of the trophic state index from 72 (site 1) to 58 (site 5). This all suggests that cormorants might have a significant impact on the deterioration of water quality (at distance to 1.6 km) and can contribute to faster water eutrophication. Our results suggest that protection of breeding sites for many waterbirds, such as cormorants, becomes a real threat for the functioning of aquatic ecosystems due to a large load of nutrients.
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8
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Zhong Y, Shen L, Ye X, Zhou D, He Y, Li Y, Ding Y, Zhu W, Ding J, Zhang H. Neurotoxic Anatoxin-a Can Also Exert Immunotoxicity by the Induction of Apoptosis on Carassius auratus Lymphocytes in vitro When Exposed to Environmentally Relevant Concentrations. Front Physiol 2020; 11:316. [PMID: 32351401 PMCID: PMC7174720 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hazardous anatoxin-a (ANTX-a) is produced by freshwater algal blooms worldwide, which greatly increases the risk of consumer exposure. Although ANTX-a shows widespread neurotoxicity in aquatic animals, little is known about its mechanism of action and biotransformation in biological systems, especially in immunobiological models. In this study, transmission electron microscopy results showed that ANTX-a can destroy lymphocytes of Carassius auratus in vitro by inducing cytoplasmic concentration, vacuolation, and swollen mitochondria. DNA fragmentations clearly showed a ladder pattern in agarose gel electrophoresis, which demonstrated that the apoptosis of fish lymphocytes was caused by exposure to ANTX-a. Flow cytometry results showed that the apoptotic percentage of fish lymphocytes exposed to 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/L of ANTX-a for 12 h reached 18.89, 22.89, 39.23, and 35.58%, respectively. ANTX-a exposure induced a significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malonaldehyde (MDA) in lymphocytes. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and the glutathione (GSH) content of the 0.01 mg/L ANTX-a-treated group decreased significantly by about 41, 46, 67, and 54% compared with that of the control group (p < 0.01), respectively. Although these observations were dose-dependent, these results suggested that ANTX-a can induce lymphocyte apoptosis via intracellular oxidative stress and destroy the antioxidant system after a short exposure time of only 12 h. Besides neurotoxicity, ANTX-a may also be toxic to the immune system of fish, even when the fish are exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations, which clearly demonstrated that the potential health risks induced by ANTX-a in aquatic organisms requires attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchi Zhong
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lilai Shen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueping Ye
- Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, China
| | - Dongren Zhou
- Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, China
| | - Yunyi He
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Ding
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiqin Zhu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiafeng Ding
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hangjun Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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Landsberg JH, Hendrickson J, Tabuchi M, Kiryu Y, Williams BJ, Tomlinson MC. A large-scale sustained fish kill in the St. Johns River, Florida: A complex consequence of cyanobacteria blooms. HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 92:101771. [PMID: 32113602 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the summer of 2010, a sustained multispecies fish kill, affecting primarily adult red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) and Atlantic stingray (Dasyatis sabina), along with various baitfish such as menhaden (Brevoortia spp.) and shad (Dorosoma spp.), was documented for six weeks along 50 km of the Lower St. Johns River (LSJR), Florida. An Aphanizomenon flos-aquae bloom was present in the freshwater reaches before the fish kill. The kill was triggered by a significant reverse-flow event and sudden influx of high-salinity water in late May that contributed to the collapse of the bloom upstream and brought euryhaline fish downstream into the vicinity of the senescing bloom or its by-products. The decomposing bloom led to a sequence of events, including the release of small amounts of cyanotoxins, bacterial lysis of cyanobacterial cells, high organic loading, and changes in the diversity and dominance of the plankton community to include Microcystis spp., Leptolyngbya sp., Pseudanabaena spp., Planktolyngbya spp., and low concentrations of Heterosigma akashiwo. Dissolved oxygen levels were within normal ranges in the reach of the fish kill, although elevated ammonia concentrations and high pH were detected farther upstream. These conditions resulted in complex pathological changes in fish that were not consistent with acute cyanotoxin exposure or with poor water quality but were attributable to chronic lethal hemolysis. Potential sources of hemolytic activity included H. akashiwo, Microcystis spp., and Bacillus cereus, a hemolytic bacterium. The continued presence of A. flos-aquae in the LSJR could have significant environmental repercussions and ideally the causal factors contributing to bloom growth and maintenance should be fully understood and managed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan H Landsberg
- Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, 100 Eighth Avenue Southeast, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA.
| | - John Hendrickson
- St. Johns River Water Management District, P.O. Box 1429, Palatka, FL, 32178, USA
| | - Maki Tabuchi
- Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, 100 Eighth Avenue Southeast, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Yasunari Kiryu
- Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, 100 Eighth Avenue Southeast, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - B James Williams
- Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, 100 Eighth Avenue Southeast, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Michelle C Tomlinson
- Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1305 East-West Highway, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
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10
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Tokodi N, Drobac D, Meriluoto J, Lujić J, Marinović Z, Važić T, Nybom S, Simeunović J, Dulić T, Lazić G, Petrović T, Vuković-Gačić B, Sunjog K, Kolarević S, Kračun-Kolarević M, Subakov-Simić G, Miljanović B, Codd GA, Svirčev Z. Cyanobacterial effects in Lake Ludoš, Serbia - Is preservation of a degraded aquatic ecosystem justified? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 635:1047-1062. [PMID: 29710560 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are present in many aquatic ecosystems in Serbia. Lake Ludoš, a wetland area of international significance and an important habitat for waterbirds, has become the subject of intense research interest because of practically continuous blooming of cyanobacteria. Analyses of water samples indicated a deterioration of ecological condition and water quality, and the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria (the most abundant Limnothrix redekei, Pseudanabaena limnetica, Planktothrix agardhii and Microcystis spp.). Furthermore, microcystins were detected in plants and animals from the lake: in macrophyte rhizomes (Phragmites communis, Typha latifolia and Nymphaea elegans), and in the muscle, intestines, kidneys, gonads and gills of fish (Carassius gibelio). Moreover, histopathological deleterious effects (liver, kidney, gills and intestines) and DNA damage (liver and gills) were observed in fish. A potential treatment for the reduction of cyanobacterial populations employing hydrogen peroxide was tested during this study. The treatment was not effective in laboratory tests although further in-lake trials are needed to make final conclusions about the applicability of the method. Based on our observations of the cyanobacterial populations and cyanotoxins in the water, as well as other aquatic organisms and, a survey of historical data on Lake Ludoš, it can be concluded that the lake is continuously in a poor ecological state. Conservation of the lake in order to protect the waterbirds (without urgent control of eutrophication) actually endangers them and the rest of the biota in this wetland habitat, and possibly other ecosystems. Thus, urgent measures for restoration are required, so that the preservation of this Ramsar site would be meaningful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Tokodi
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Damjana Drobac
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jussi Meriluoto
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6 A, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jelena Lujić
- Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary
| | - Zoran Marinović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary
| | - Tamara Važić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sonja Nybom
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6 A, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jelica Simeunović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Tamara Dulić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Gospava Lazić
- Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Rumenački put 20, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Tamaš Petrović
- Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Rumenački put 20, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Branka Vuković-Gačić
- Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Studenski Trg 16, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Karolina Sunjog
- Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Studenski Trg 16, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stoimir Kolarević
- Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Studenski Trg 16, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Margareta Kračun-Kolarević
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Despota Stefana 142, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Subakov-Simić
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko Miljanović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Geoffrey A Codd
- College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Zorica Svirčev
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6 A, 20520 Turku, Finland
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11
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Huang H, Xu X, Shi C, Liu X, Wang G. Response of Taste and Odor Compounds to Elevated Cyanobacteria Biomass and Temperature. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 101:272-278. [PMID: 29974165 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2386-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Taste and odor (T&O) compounds are frequently reported during black blooms, however, their production mechanisms and influencing factors are far from clear. In this study, laboratory simulation experiment was carried out to investigate the formation processes of T&O compounds under the influences of temperature, cyanobacteria biomass and their combined effects. The decay of cyanobacteria blooms caused increased T&O compounds loading to water. Results showed the maximum dimethyl sulfide (DMS) release concentration was observed at 35°C compared with that at 25 and 30°C. DMS release concentration under cyanobacteria biomass of 25000 g/m3 demonstrated the highest production, whereas the minimum DMS production were obtained under 7500 g/m3. Similar patterns were observed for dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, β-cyclocitral and β-ionone production. Therefore, higher temperature and higher cyanobacteria biomass can enhance the concentration of T&O compounds. Furthermore, there were synergistic effects of cyanobacteria biomass and temperature on the production of T&O compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyong Huang
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, China
- Analysis and Testing Center, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, China
| | - Xiaoguang Xu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, China.
| | - Chenfei Shi
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, China
| | - Xiansheng Liu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, China
| | - Guoxiang Wang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, China.
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12
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Mantzouki E, Lürling M, Fastner J, de Senerpont Domis L, Wilk-Woźniak E, Koreivienė J, Seelen L, Teurlincx S, Verstijnen Y, Krztoń W, Walusiak E, Karosienė J, Kasperovičienė J, Savadova K, Vitonytė I, Cillero-Castro C, Budzyńska A, Goldyn R, Kozak A, Rosińska J, Szeląg-Wasielewska E, Domek P, Jakubowska-Krepska N, Kwasizur K, Messyasz B, Pełechaty A, Pełechaty M, Kokocinski M, García-Murcia A, Real M, Romans E, Noguero-Ribes J, Duque DP, Fernández-Morán E, Karakaya N, Häggqvist K, Demir N, Beklioğlu M, Filiz N, Levi EE, Iskin U, Bezirci G, Tavşanoğlu ÜN, Özhan K, Gkelis S, Panou M, Fakioglu Ö, Avagianos C, Kaloudis T, Çelik K, Yilmaz M, Marcé R, Catalán N, Bravo AG, Buck M, Colom-Montero W, Mustonen K, Pierson D, Yang Y, Raposeiro PM, Gonçalves V, Antoniou MG, Tsiarta N, McCarthy V, Perello VC, Feldmann T, Laas A, Panksep K, Tuvikene L, Gagala I, Mankiewicz-Boczek J, Yağcı MA, Çınar Ş, Çapkın K, Yağcı A, Cesur M, Bilgin F, Bulut C, Uysal R, Obertegger U, Boscaini A, Flaim G, Salmaso N, Cerasino L, Richardson J, Visser PM, Verspagen JMH, Karan T, Soylu EN, Maraşlıoğlu F, Napiórkowska-Krzebietke A, Ochocka A, Pasztaleniec A, Antão-Geraldes AM, Vasconcelos V, Morais J, Vale M, Köker L, Akçaalan R, Albay M, Špoljarić Maronić D, Stević F, Žuna Pfeiffer T, Fonvielle J, Straile D, Rothhaupt KO, Hansson LA, Urrutia-Cordero P, Bláha L, Geriš R, Fránková M, Koçer MAT, Alp MT, Remec-Rekar S, Elersek T, Triantis T, Zervou SK, Hiskia A, Haande S, Skjelbred B, Madrecka B, Nemova H, Drastichova I, Chomova L, Edwards C, Sevindik TO, Tunca H, Önem B, Aleksovski B, Krstić S, Vucelić IB, Nawrocka L, Salmi P, Machado-Vieira D, de Oliveira AG, Delgado-Martín J, García D, Cereijo JL, Gomà J, Trapote MC, Vegas-Vilarrúbia T, Obrador B, Grabowska M, Karpowicz M, Chmura D, Úbeda B, Gálvez JÁ, Özen A, Christoffersen KS, Warming TP, Kobos J, Mazur-Marzec H, Pérez-Martínez C, Ramos-Rodríguez E, Arvola L, Alcaraz-Párraga P, Toporowska M, Pawlik-Skowronska B, Niedźwiecki M, Pęczuła W, Leira M, Hernández A, Moreno-Ostos E, Blanco JM, Rodríguez V, Montes-Pérez JJ, Palomino RL, Rodríguez-Pérez E, Carballeira R, Camacho A, Picazo A, Rochera C, Santamans AC, Ferriol C, Romo S, Soria JM, Dunalska J, Sieńska J, Szymański D, Kruk M, Kostrzewska-Szlakowska I, Jasser I, Žutinić P, Gligora Udovič M, Plenković-Moraj A, Frąk M, Bańkowska-Sobczak A, Wasilewicz M, Özkan K, Maliaka V, Kangro K, Grossart HP, Paerl HW, Carey CC, Ibelings BW. Temperature Effects Explain Continental Scale Distribution of Cyanobacterial Toxins. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10040156. [PMID: 29652856 PMCID: PMC5923322 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10040156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Insight into how environmental change determines the production and distribution of cyanobacterial toxins is necessary for risk assessment. Management guidelines currently focus on hepatotoxins (microcystins). Increasing attention is given to other classes, such as neurotoxins (e.g., anatoxin-a) and cytotoxins (e.g., cylindrospermopsin) due to their potency. Most studies examine the relationship between individual toxin variants and environmental factors, such as nutrients, temperature and light. In summer 2015, we collected samples across Europe to investigate the effect of nutrient and temperature gradients on the variability of toxin production at a continental scale. Direct and indirect effects of temperature were the main drivers of the spatial distribution in the toxins produced by the cyanobacterial community, the toxin concentrations and toxin quota. Generalized linear models showed that a Toxin Diversity Index (TDI) increased with latitude, while it decreased with water stability. Increases in TDI were explained through a significant increase in toxin variants such as MC-YR, anatoxin and cylindrospermopsin, accompanied by a decreasing presence of MC-LR. While global warming continues, the direct and indirect effects of increased lake temperatures will drive changes in the distribution of cyanobacterial toxins in Europe, potentially promoting selection of a few highly toxic species or strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evanthia Mantzouki
- Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Miquel Lürling
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jutta Fastner
- German Environment Agency, Unit Drinking Water Resources and Water Treatment, Corrensplatz 1, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Lisette de Senerpont Domis
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Elżbieta Wilk-Woźniak
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-120 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Judita Koreivienė
- Institute of Botany, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius 08412, Lithuania.
| | - Laura Seelen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Sven Teurlincx
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Yvon Verstijnen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wojciech Krztoń
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-120 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Edward Walusiak
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-120 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Jūratė Karosienė
- Institute of Botany, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius 08412, Lithuania.
| | | | - Ksenija Savadova
- Institute of Botany, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius 08412, Lithuania.
| | - Irma Vitonytė
- Institute of Botany, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius 08412, Lithuania.
| | | | - Agnieszka Budzyńska
- Department ofWater Protection, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Ryszard Goldyn
- Department ofWater Protection, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Anna Kozak
- Department ofWater Protection, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Joanna Rosińska
- Department ofWater Protection, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61614 Poznan, Poland.
| | | | - Piotr Domek
- Department ofWater Protection, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61614 Poznan, Poland.
| | | | - Kinga Kwasizur
- Department of Hydrobiology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Beata Messyasz
- Department of Hydrobiology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61614 Poznan, Poland.
| | | | - Mariusz Pełechaty
- Department of Hydrobiology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Mikolaj Kokocinski
- Department of Hydrobiology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Ana García-Murcia
- Department of Limnology and Water Quality, AECOM U.R.S, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Monserrat Real
- Department of Limnology and Water Quality, AECOM U.R.S, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Elvira Romans
- Department of Limnology and Water Quality, AECOM U.R.S, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jordi Noguero-Ribes
- Department of Limnology and Water Quality, AECOM U.R.S, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - David Parreño Duque
- Department of Limnology and Water Quality, AECOM U.R.S, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Nusret Karakaya
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Abant Izzet Baysal University, 14280 Bolu, Turkey.
| | - Kerstin Häggqvist
- Department of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Åbo, Finland.
| | - Nilsun Demir
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Ankara University, 6100 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Meryem Beklioğlu
- Department of biology, Middle East Technical University, 6800 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Nur Filiz
- Department of biology, Middle East Technical University, 6800 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Eti E. Levi
- Department of biology, Middle East Technical University, 6800 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Uğur Iskin
- Department of biology, Middle East Technical University, 6800 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Gizem Bezirci
- Department of biology, Middle East Technical University, 6800 Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | - Koray Özhan
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Department of Oceanography, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Spyros Gkelis
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Manthos Panou
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Özden Fakioglu
- Department of Basic Science, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Christos Avagianos
- Water Quality Department, Athens Water Supply and Sewerage Company, 11146 Athens, Greece.
| | - Triantafyllos Kaloudis
- Water Quality Department, Athens Water Supply and Sewerage Company, 11146 Athens, Greece.
| | - Kemal Çelik
- Department of Biology, Balikesir University, 10145 Balikesir, Turkey.
| | - Mete Yilmaz
- Department of Bioengineering, Bursa Technical University, 16310 Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Rafael Marcé
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Nuria Catalán
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), 17003 Girona, Spain.
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Limnology, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Andrea G. Bravo
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Limnology, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Moritz Buck
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Limnology, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - William Colom-Montero
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Erken Laboratory, Uppsala University, 76173 Norrtalje, Sweden.
| | - Kristiina Mustonen
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Erken Laboratory, Uppsala University, 76173 Norrtalje, Sweden.
| | - Don Pierson
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Erken Laboratory, Uppsala University, 76173 Norrtalje, Sweden.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Erken Laboratory, Uppsala University, 76173 Norrtalje, Sweden.
| | - Pedro M. Raposeiro
- Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources (CIBIO-Azores), InBIO Associated Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
| | - Vítor Gonçalves
- Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources (CIBIO-Azores), InBIO Associated Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
| | - Maria G. Antoniou
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036 Lemesos, Cyprus.
| | - Nikoletta Tsiarta
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036 Lemesos, Cyprus.
| | - Valerie McCarthy
- Centre for Freshwater and Environmental Studies, Dundalk Institute of Technology, A91 K584 Dundalk, Ireland.
| | - Victor C. Perello
- Centre for Freshwater and Environmental Studies, Dundalk Institute of Technology, A91 K584 Dundalk, Ireland.
| | - Tõnu Feldmann
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51014 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Alo Laas
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51014 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Kristel Panksep
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51014 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Lea Tuvikene
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51014 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Ilona Gagala
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 90364 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Joana Mankiewicz-Boczek
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 90364 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Meral Apaydın Yağcı
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food Agriculture, Fisheries Research Institute, 32500 Eğirdir, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Şakir Çınar
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food Agriculture, Fisheries Research Institute, 32500 Eğirdir, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Kadir Çapkın
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food Agriculture, Fisheries Research Institute, 32500 Eğirdir, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Abdulkadir Yağcı
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food Agriculture, Fisheries Research Institute, 32500 Eğirdir, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Cesur
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food Agriculture, Fisheries Research Institute, 32500 Eğirdir, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Fuat Bilgin
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food Agriculture, Fisheries Research Institute, 32500 Eğirdir, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Cafer Bulut
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food Agriculture, Fisheries Research Institute, 32500 Eğirdir, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Rahmi Uysal
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food Agriculture, Fisheries Research Institute, 32500 Eğirdir, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Ulrike Obertegger
- Department of Sustainable Ecosystems and Bioresources, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy.
| | - Adriano Boscaini
- Department of Sustainable Ecosystems and Bioresources, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Flaim
- Department of Sustainable Ecosystems and Bioresources, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy.
| | - Nico Salmaso
- Department of Sustainable Ecosystems and Bioresources, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy.
| | - Leonardo Cerasino
- Department of Sustainable Ecosystems and Bioresources, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy.
| | - Jessica Richardson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.
| | - Petra M. Visser
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jolanda M. H. Verspagen
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Tünay Karan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gaziosmanpasa University, 60250 Merkez, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | - Agnieszka Ochocka
- Department of Freshwater Protection, Institute of Environmental Protection- National Research Institute, 01-692 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Pasztaleniec
- Department of Freshwater Protection, Institute of Environmental Protection- National Research Institute, 01-692 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ana M. Antão-Geraldes
- Centro de Investigação da Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal;
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR) and University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - João Morais
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR) and University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Micaela Vale
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR) and University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Latife Köker
- Department of Freshwater Resource and Management, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Reyhan Akçaalan
- Department of Freshwater Resource and Management, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Meriç Albay
- Department of Freshwater Resource and Management, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | - Filip Stević
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Tanja Žuna Pfeiffer
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Jeremy Fonvielle
- Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 16775 Stechlin, Germany.
| | - Dietmar Straile
- Department of Biology, Limnological Institute, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Karl-Otto Rothhaupt
- Department of Biology, Limnological Institute, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany.
| | | | - Pablo Urrutia-Cordero
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Limnology, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Luděk Bláha
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Rodan Geriš
- Department of Hydrobiology, Morava Board Authority, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Markéta Fránková
- Laboratory of Paleoecology, Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Mehmet Ali Turan Koçer
- Department of Environment and Resource Management, Mediterranean Fisheries Research Production and Training Institute, 7090 Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Tahir Alp
- Faculty of Aquaculture, Mersin University, 33160 Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Spela Remec-Rekar
- Department ofWater Quality, Slovenian Environmental Agency, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Tina Elersek
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Theodoros Triantis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research «DEMOKRITOS», 15341 Attiki, Greece.
| | - Sevasti-Kiriaki Zervou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research «DEMOKRITOS», 15341 Attiki, Greece.
| | - Anastasia Hiskia
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research «DEMOKRITOS», 15341 Attiki, Greece.
| | - Sigrid Haande
- Department of Freshwater Ecology, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, 0349 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Birger Skjelbred
- Department of Freshwater Ecology, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, 0349 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Beata Madrecka
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Hana Nemova
- National Reference Center for Hydrobiology, Public Health Authority of the Slovak Republic, 82645 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Iveta Drastichova
- National Reference Center for Hydrobiology, Public Health Authority of the Slovak Republic, 82645 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Lucia Chomova
- National Reference Center for Hydrobiology, Public Health Authority of the Slovak Republic, 82645 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Christine Edwards
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK.
| | | | - Hatice Tunca
- Department of Biology, Sakarya University, 54187 Sakarya, Turkey.
| | - Burçin Önem
- Department of Biology, Sakarya University, 54187 Sakarya, Turkey.
| | - Boris Aleksovski
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, SS Cyril and Methodius University, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia.
| | - Svetislav Krstić
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, SS Cyril and Methodius University, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia.
| | - Itana Bokan Vucelić
- Department for Ecotoxicology, Teaching Institute of Public Health of Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Lidia Nawrocka
- Institute of Technology, The State University of Applied Sciences, 82300 Elblag, Poland.
| | - Pauliina Salmi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Danielle Machado-Vieira
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58059-970 Paraíba, Brasil.
| | | | | | - David García
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of A Coruña, 15192 A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Jose Luís Cereijo
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of A Coruña, 15192 A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Joan Gomà
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mari Carmen Trapote
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Teresa Vegas-Vilarrúbia
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Biel Obrador
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Magdalena Grabowska
- Department of Hydrobiology, University of Bialystok, 15245 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Maciej Karpowicz
- Department of Hydrobiology, University of Bialystok, 15245 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Damian Chmura
- Institute of Environmental Protection and Engineering, University of Bielsko-Biala, 43309 Bielsko-Biala, Poland.
| | - Bárbara Úbeda
- Department of Biology, University of Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - José Ángel Gálvez
- Department of Biology, University of Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Arda Özen
- Department of Forest Engineering, University of Cankiri Karatekin, 18200 Cankiri, Turkey.
| | | | - Trine Perlt Warming
- Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Justyna Kobos
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, University of Gdansk, 81378 Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Hanna Mazur-Marzec
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, University of Gdansk, 81378 Gdynia, Poland.
| | | | | | - Lauri Arvola
- Lammi Biological Station, University of Helsinki, 16900 Lammi, Finland.
| | - Pablo Alcaraz-Párraga
- Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Jaen, 23701 Jaen, Spain.
| | - Magdalena Toporowska
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20262 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Barbara Pawlik-Skowronska
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20262 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Michał Niedźwiecki
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20262 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Pęczuła
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20262 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Manel Leira
- Instituto Dom Luiz, University of Lisbon, 1749016 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Armand Hernández
- Institute of Earth Sciences Jaume Almera, ICTJA, CSIC, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rafael Carballeira
- Centro de Investigacións Cientificas Avanzadas (CICA), Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Antonio Camacho
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna Valencia, Spain.
| | - Antonio Picazo
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna Valencia, Spain.
| | - Carlos Rochera
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna Valencia, Spain.
| | - Anna C. Santamans
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna Valencia, Spain.
| | - Carmen Ferriol
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna Valencia, Spain.
| | - Susana Romo
- Department of Microbiology and Ecology, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Juan Miguel Soria
- Department of Microbiology and Ecology, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain. (J.M.S.)
| | - Julita Dunalska
- Department ofWater Protection Engineering, University ofWarmia and Mazury, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Justyna Sieńska
- Department ofWater Protection Engineering, University ofWarmia and Mazury, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Daniel Szymański
- Department ofWater Protection Engineering, University ofWarmia and Mazury, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Marek Kruk
- Department of Tourism, Recreation and Ecology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | | | - Iwona Jasser
- Department of Plant Ecology and Environmental Conservation, Faculty of Biology, University ofWarsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Petar Žutinić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marija Gligora Udovič
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | - Magdalena Frąk
- Department of Environmental Improvement, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 02-787Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Bańkowska-Sobczak
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 02-787Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Michał Wasilewicz
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 02-787Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Korhan Özkan
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Marine Biology and Fisheries, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Valentini Maliaka
- Society for the Protection of Prespa, 53077 Agios Germanos, Greece.
- Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Kersti Kangro
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51014 Tartu, Estonia.
- Tartu Observatory, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, 61602 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Hans-Peter Grossart
- Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 16775 Stechlin, Germany.
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, 14469 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Hans W. Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 28557, USA.
| | - Cayelan C. Carey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Bas W. Ibelings
- Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
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13
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Kurobe T, Lehman PW, Haque ME, Sedda T, Lesmeister S, Teh S. Evaluation of water quality during successive severe drought years within Microcystis blooms using fish embryo toxicity tests for the San Francisco Estuary, California. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 610-611:1029-1037. [PMID: 28847096 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the San Francisco Estuary, California, the largest estuary on the Pacific Coast of North America, the frequency and intensity of drought and associated cyanobacteria blooms are predicted to increase with climate change. To assess the impact of water quality conditions on estuarine fish health during successive severe drought years with Microcystis blooms, we performed fish embryo toxicity testing with Delta Smelt and Medaka. Fish embryos were exposed to filtered ambient water collected from the San Francisco Estuary during the Microcystis bloom season in 2014 and 2015, the third and fourth most severe recorded drought years in California. Medaka embryos incubated in filtered ambient waters exhibited high mortality rates (>77%), which was mainly due to bacterial growth. Medaka mortality data was negatively correlated with chloride, and positively correlated with water temperature, total and dissolved organic carbon, and ambient and net chlorophyll a concentration. Delta Smelt embryo mortality rates were lower (<42%) and no prominent seasonal or geographic trend was observed. There was no significant correlation between the Delta Smelt mortality data and water quality parameters. Aeromonas was the dominant bacteria that adversely affected Medaka. The growth of Aeromonas was suppressed when salinity was greater than or equal to 1psu and resulted in a significant reduction in mortality rate. Bacterial growth test demonstrated that the lysate of Microcystis cells enhanced the growth of Aeromonas. Toxin production by Microcystis is a major environmental concern, however, we conclude that dissolved substances released from Microcystis blooms could result in water quality deterioration by promoting growth of bacteria. Furthermore, a distinctive developmental deformity was observed in Medaka during the toxicity tests; somite formation was inhibited at the same time that cardiogenesis occurred and the functional heart was observed to be beating. The exact cause of the embryonic developmental deformity is still unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomofumi Kurobe
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Peggy W Lehman
- California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 2109 Arch Airport Road, Stockton, CA 95206, USA
| | - M E Haque
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Tiziana Sedda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Sarah Lesmeister
- California Department of Water Resources, 3500 Industrial Way, West Sacramento, CA 95691, USA
| | - Swee Teh
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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14
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Sotton B, Paris A, Le Manach S, Blond A, Lacroix G, Millot A, Duval C, Qiao Q, Catherine A, Marie B. Global metabolome changes induced by cyanobacterial blooms in three representative fish species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 590-591:333-342. [PMID: 28283295 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms induce important ecological constraints for aquatic organisms and strongly impact the functioning of aquatic ecosystems. In the past decades, the effects of the cyanobacterial secondary metabolites, so called cyanotoxins, have been extensively studied in fish. However, many of these studies have used targeted approaches on specific molecules, which are thought to react to the presence of these specific cyanobacterial compounds. Since a few years, untargeted metabolomic approaches provide a unique opportunity to evaluate the global response of hundreds of metabolites at a glance. In this way, our study provides the first utilization of metabolomic analyses in order to identify the response of fish exposed to bloom-forming cyanobacteria. Three relevant fish species of peri-urban lakes of the European temperate regions were exposed for 96h either to a microcystin (MC)-producing or to a non-MC-producing strain of Microcystis aeruginosa and metabolome changes were characterized in the liver of fish. The results suggest that a short-term exposure to those cyanobacterial biomasses induces metabolome changes without any response specificity linked to the fish species considered. Candidate metabolites are involved in energy metabolism and antioxidative response, which could potentially traduce a stress response of fish submitted to cyanobacteria. These results are in agreement with the already known information and could additionally bring new insights about the molecular interactions between cyanobacteria and fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Sotton
- UMR 7245 MNHN/CNRS Molécules de communication et adaptation des microorganismes, équipe Cyanobactéries, Cyanotoxines et Environnement, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 12 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France..
| | - Alain Paris
- UMR 7245 MNHN/CNRS Molécules de communication et adaptation des microorganismes, équipe Cyanobactéries, Cyanotoxines et Environnement, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 12 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Séverine Le Manach
- UMR 7245 MNHN/CNRS Molécules de communication et adaptation des microorganismes, équipe Cyanobactéries, Cyanotoxines et Environnement, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 12 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Alain Blond
- UMR 7245 MNHN/CNRS Molécules de communication et adaptation des microorganismes, équipe Cyanobactéries, Cyanotoxines et Environnement, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 12 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Gérard Lacroix
- UMR iEES Paris (CNRS, UPMC, INRA, IRD, AgroParisTech, UPEC), Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences - Paris, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; UMS 3194 - CEREEP Ecotron IDF (CNRS, ENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Saint-Pierre-Lès-Nemours, France
| | - Alexis Millot
- UMS 3194 - CEREEP Ecotron IDF (CNRS, ENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Saint-Pierre-Lès-Nemours, France
| | - Charlotte Duval
- UMR 7245 MNHN/CNRS Molécules de communication et adaptation des microorganismes, équipe Cyanobactéries, Cyanotoxines et Environnement, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 12 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Qin Qiao
- UMR 7245 MNHN/CNRS Molécules de communication et adaptation des microorganismes, équipe Cyanobactéries, Cyanotoxines et Environnement, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 12 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Arnaud Catherine
- UMR 7245 MNHN/CNRS Molécules de communication et adaptation des microorganismes, équipe Cyanobactéries, Cyanotoxines et Environnement, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 12 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Benjamin Marie
- UMR 7245 MNHN/CNRS Molécules de communication et adaptation des microorganismes, équipe Cyanobactéries, Cyanotoxines et Environnement, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 12 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France..
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15
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Metabolic changes in Medaka fish induced by cyanobacterial exposures in mesocosms: an integrative approach combining proteomic and metabolomic analyses. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28642462 PMCID: PMC5481417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04423-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms pose serious threats to aquatic organisms and strongly impact the functioning of aquatic ecosystems. Due to their ability to produce a wide range of potentially bioactive secondary metabolites, so called cyanotoxins, cyanobacteria have been extensively studied in the past decades. Proteomic and metabolomic analyses provide a unique opportunity to evaluate the global response of hundreds of proteins and metabolites at a glance. In this study, we provide the first combined utilization of these methods targeted to identify the response of fish to bloom-forming cyanobacteria. Medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) were exposed for 96 hours either to a MC-producing or to a non-MC-producing strain of Microcystis aeruginosa and cellular, proteome and metabolome changes following exposure to cyanobacteria were characterized in the fish livers. The results suggest that a short-term exposure to cyanobacteria, producing or not MCs, induces sex-dependent molecular changes in medaka fish, without causing any cellular alterations. Globally, molecular entities involved in stress response, lipid metabolism and developmental processes exhibit the most contrasted changes following a cyanobacterial exposure. Moreover, it appears that proteomic and metabolomic analyses are useful tools to verify previous information and to additionally bring new horizons concerning molecular effects of cyanobacteria on fish.
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16
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Tatters AO, Howard MDA, Nagoda C, Busse L, Gellene AG, Caron DA. Multiple Stressors at the Land-Sea Interface: Cyanotoxins at the Land-Sea Interface in the Southern California Bight. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:E95. [PMID: 28282935 PMCID: PMC5371850 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9030095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Blooms of toxic cyanobacteria in freshwater ecosystems have received considerable attention in recent years, but their occurrence and potential importance at the land-sea interface has not been widely recognized. Here we present the results of a survey of discrete samples conducted in more than fifty brackish water sites along the coastline of southern California. Our objectives were to characterize cyanobacterial community composition and determine if specific groups of cyanotoxins (anatoxins, cylindrospermopsins, microcystins, nodularins, and saxitoxins) were present. We report the identification of numerous potentially harmful taxa and the co-occurrence of multiple toxins, previously undocumented, at several locations. Our findings reveal a potential health concern based on the range of organisms present and the widespread prevalence of recognized toxic compounds. Our results raise concerns for recreation, harvesting of finfish and shellfish, and wildlife and desalination operations, highlighting the need for assessments and implementation of monitoring programs. Such programs appear to be particularly necessary in regions susceptible to urban influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery O Tatters
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0371, USA.
| | - Meredith D A Howard
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, 3535 Harbor Boulevard, Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA 92626, USA.
| | - Carey Nagoda
- San Diego Regional Water Quality Control Board, 2375 Northside Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92108, USA.
| | - Lilian Busse
- German Federal Environmental Agency, Umweltbundesamt, Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844 Dessau, Germany.
| | - Alyssa G Gellene
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0371, USA.
| | - David A Caron
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0371, USA.
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17
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Lehman PW, Kurobe T, Lesmeister S, Baxa D, Tung A, Teh SJ. Impacts of the 2014 severe drought on the Microcystis bloom in San Francisco Estuary. HARMFUL ALGAE 2017; 63:94-108. [PMID: 28366405 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The increased frequency and intensity of drought with climate change may cause an increase in the magnitude and toxicity of freshwater cyanobacteria harmful algal blooms (CHABs), including Microcystis blooms, in San Francisco Estuary, California. As the fourth driest year on record in San Francisco Estuary, the 2014 drought provided an opportunity to directly test the impact of severe drought on cyanobacteria blooms in SFE. A field sampling program was conducted between July and December 2014 to sample a suite of physical, chemical, and biological variables at 10 stations in the freshwater and brackish reaches of the estuary. The 2014 Microcystis bloom had the highest biomass and toxin concentration, earliest initiation, and the longest duration, since the blooms began in 1999. Median chlorophyll a concentration increased by 9 and 12 times over previous dry and wet years, respectively. Total microcystin concentration also exceeded that in previous dry and wet years by a factor of 11 and 65, respectively. Cell abundance determined by quantitative PCR indicated the bloom contained multiple potentially toxic cyanobacteria species, toxic Microcystis and relatively high total cyanobacteria abundance. The bloom was associated with extreme nutrient concentrations, including a 20-year high in soluble reactive phosphorus concentration and low to below detection levels of ammonium. Stable isotope analysis suggested the bloom varied with both inorganic and organic nutrient concentration, and used ammonium as the primary nitrogen source. Water temperature was a primary controlling factor for the bloom and was positively correlated with the increase in both total and toxic Microcystis abundance. In addition, the early initiation and persistence of warm water temperature coincided with the increased intensity and duration of the Microcystis bloom from the usual 3 to 4 months to 8 months. Long residence time was also a primary factor controlling the magnitude and persistence of the bloom, and was created by a 66% to 85% reduction in both the water inflow and diversion of water for agriculture during the summer. We concluded that severe drought conditions can lead to a significant increase in the abundance of Microcystis and other cyanobacteria, as well as their associated toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Lehman
- Interagency Ecological Program, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 2109 Arch Airport Road, Stockton, CA, 95206, USA.
| | - T Kurobe
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Dr., Vet Med 3B, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - S Lesmeister
- Division of Environmental Services, California Department of Water Resources, 3500 Industrial Blvd., West Sacramento, CA, 95691, USA
| | - D Baxa
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Dr., Vet Med 3B, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - A Tung
- Division of Environmental Services, California Department of Water Resources, 3500 Industrial Blvd., West Sacramento, CA, 95691, USA
| | - S J Teh
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Dr., Vet Med 3B, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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18
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Kollar P, Šmejkal K, Salmonová H, Vlková E, Lepšová-Skácelová O, Balounová Z, Rajchard J, Cvačka J, Jaša L, Babica P, Pazourek J. Assessment of Chemical Impact of Invasive Bryozoan Pectinatella magnifica on the Environment: Cytotoxicity and Antimicrobial Activity of P. magnifica Extracts. Molecules 2016; 21:E1476. [PMID: 27827926 PMCID: PMC6272939 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectinatella magnifica, an invasive bryozoan, might significantly affect ecosystem balance due to its massive occurrence in many areas in Europe and other parts of the world. Biological and chemical analyses are needed to get complete information about the impact of the animal on the environment. In this paper, we aimed to evaluate in vitro cytotoxic effects of five extracts prepared from P. magnifica using LDH assay on THP-1 cell line. Antimicrobial activities of extracts against 22 different bacterial strains were tested by microdilution method. Our study showed that all extracts tested, except aqueous portion, demonstrated LD50 values below 100 μg/mL, which indicates potential toxicity. The water extract of P. magnifica with LD50 value of 250 μg/mL also shows potentially harmful effects. Also, an environmental risk resulting from the presence and increasing biomass of potentially toxic benthic cyanobacteria in old colonies should not be underestimated. Toxicity of Pectinatella extracts could be partially caused by presence of Aeromonas species in material, since we found members of these genera as most abundant bacteria associated with P. magnifica. Furthermore, P. magnifica seems to be a promising source of certain antimicrobial agents. Its methanolic extract, hexane, and chloroform fractions possessed selective inhibitory effect on some potential pathogens and food spoiling bacteria in the range of MIC 0.5-10 mg/mL. Future effort should be made to isolate and characterize the content compounds derived from P. magnifica, which could help to identify the substance(s) responsible for the toxic effects of P. magnifica extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kollar
- Department of Human Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1946/1, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
| | - Karel Šmejkal
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1946/1, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Salmonová
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague 6, 16521, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Vlková
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague 6, 16521, Czech Republic.
| | - Olga Lepšová-Skácelová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice 37005, Czech Republic.
| | - Zuzana Balounová
- Department of Biological Studies, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Studentská 13, České Budějovice 37005, Czech Republic.
| | - Josef Rajchard
- Department of Biological Studies, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Studentská 13, České Budějovice 37005, Czech Republic.
| | - Josef Cvačka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic.
| | - Libor Jaša
- RECETOX-Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 60200, Czech Republic.
- Department of Experimental Phycology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Lidická 25/27, Brno 60200, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Babica
- RECETOX-Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 60200, Czech Republic.
- Department of Experimental Phycology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Lidická 25/27, Brno 60200, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Pazourek
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1946/1, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
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19
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Testai E, Scardala S, Vichi S, Buratti FM, Funari E. Risk to human health associated with the environmental occurrence of cyanobacterial neurotoxic alkaloids anatoxins and saxitoxins. Crit Rev Toxicol 2016; 46:385-419. [PMID: 26923223 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2015.1137865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are ubiquitous photosynthetic micro-organisms forming blooms and scums in surface water; among them some species can produce cyanotoxins giving rise to some concern for human health and animal life. To date, more than 65 cyanobacterial neurotoxins have been described, of which the most studied are the groups of anatoxins and saxitoxins (STXs), comprising many different variants. In freshwaters, the hepatotoxic microcystins represent the most frequently detected cyanotoxin: on this basis, it could appear that neurotoxins are less relevant, but the low frequency of detection may partially reflect an a priori choice of target analytes, the low method sensitivity and the lack of certified standards. Cyanobacterial neurotoxins target cholinergic synapses or voltage-gated ion channels, blocking skeletal and respiratory muscles, thus leading to death by respiratory failure. This review reports and analyzes the available literature data on environmental occurrence of cyanobacterial neurotoxic alkaloids, namely anatoxins and STXs, their biosynthesis, toxicology and epidemiology, derivation of guidance values and action limits. These data are used as the basis to assess the risk posed to human health, identify critical exposure scenarios and highlight the major data gaps and research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Testai
- a Environment and Primary Prevention Department , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Simona Scardala
- a Environment and Primary Prevention Department , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Susanna Vichi
- a Environment and Primary Prevention Department , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Franca M Buratti
- a Environment and Primary Prevention Department , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Enzo Funari
- a Environment and Primary Prevention Department , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
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20
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Carneiro M, Gutiérrez-Praena D, Osório H, Vasconcelos V, Carvalho AP, Campos A. Proteomic analysis of anatoxin-a acute toxicity in zebrafish reveals gender specific responses and additional mechanisms of cell stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 120:93-101. [PMID: 26046835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Anatoxin-a is a potent neurotoxin produced by several genera of cyanobacteria. Deaths of wild and domestic animals due to anatoxin-a exposure have been reported following a toxic response that is driven by the inhibition of the acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junctions. The consequent neuron depolarization results in an overstimulation of the muscle cells. In order to unravel further molecular events implicated in the toxicity of anatoxin-a, a proteomic investigation was conducted. Applying two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, we report early proteome changes in brain and muscle of zebrafish (Danio rerio) caused by acute exposure to anatoxin-a. In this regard, the test group of male and female zebrafish received an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of an anatoxin-a dose of 0.8µgg(-1) of fish body weight (bw) in phosphate buffered saline solution (PBS), while the control received an i.p. injection of PBS only. Five minutes after i.p. injection, brain and muscle tissues were collected, processed and analyzed with 2DE. Qualitative and quantitative analyzes of protein abundance allowed the detection of differences in the proteome of control and exposed fish groups, and between male and female fish (gender specific responses). The altered proteins play functions in carbohydrate metabolism and energy production, ATP synthesis, cell structure maintenance, cellular transport, protein folding, stress response, detoxification and protease inhibition. These changes provide additional insights relative to the toxicity of anatoxin-a in fish. Taking into account the short time of response considered (5min of response to the toxin), the changes in the proteome observed in this work are more likely to derive from fast occurring reactions in the cells. These could occur by protein activity regulation through degradation (proteolysis) and/or post-translational modifications, than from a differential regulation of gene expression, which may require more time for proteins to be synthesized and to produce changes at the proteomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Carneiro
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, C/ Profesor García González, 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Hugo Osório
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vítor Vasconcelos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - António Paulo Carvalho
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Alexandre Campos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
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Glutathione Transferases Responses Induced by Microcystin-LR in the Gills and Hepatopancreas of the Clam Venerupis philippinarum. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:2096-120. [PMID: 26067368 PMCID: PMC4488691 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7062096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A multi-method approach was employed to compare the responses of Glutatione Transferases (GSTs) in the gills and hepatopancreas of Venerupis philippinarum to microcystins (MCs) toxicity. In this way, using the cytosolic fraction, the enzymatic activity of GSTs, superoxide dismutase (SOD), serine/threonine protein phosphatases (PPP2) along with the gene expression levels of four GST isoforms (pi, mu, sigma1, sigma2) were investigated in both organs of the clams exposed for 24 h to 10, 50 and 100 μg L−1 of MC-LR. Cytosolic GSTs (cGSTs) from both organs of the high dose exposed clams were purified by glutathione-agarose affinity chromatography, characterized kinetically and the changes in the expression of cGSTs of the gills identified using a proteomic approach. MC-LR caused an increase in GST enzyme activity, involved in conjugation reactions, in both gills and hepatopancreas (100 μg L−1 exposure). SOD activity, an indicator of oxidative stress, showed significantly elevated levels in the hepatopancreas only (50 and 100 μg L−1 exposure). No significant changes were found in PPP2 activity, the main target of MCs, for both organs. Transcription responses revealed an up-regulation of sigma2 in the hepatopancreas at the high dose, but no significant changes were detected in the gills. Kinetic analysis evidenced differences between gills of exposed and non-exposed extracts. Using proteomics, qualitative and quantitative differences were found between the basal and inducible cGSTs. Overall, results suggest a distinct role of GST system in counteracting MCs toxicity between the gills and the hepatopancreas of V. philippinarum, revealing different roles between GST isoforms within and among both organs.
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Rivetti C, Gómez-Canela C, Lacorte S, Díez S, Lázaro WL, Barata C. Identification of compounds bound to suspended solids causing sub-lethal toxic effects in Daphnia magna. A field study on re-suspended particles during river floods in Ebro River. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 161:41-50. [PMID: 25667993 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Identifying chemicals causing adverse effects in organisms present in water remains a challenge in environmental risk assessment. This study aimed to assess and identify toxic compounds bound to suspended solids re-suspended during a prolonged period of flushing flows in the lower part of Ebro River (NE, Spain). This area is contaminated with high amounts of organochlorine and mercury sediment wastes. Chemical characterization of suspended material was performed by solid phase extraction using a battery of non-polar and polar solvents and analyzed by GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS. Mercury content was also determined for all sites. Post-exposure feeding rates of Daphnia magna were used to assess toxic effects of whole and filtered water samples and of re-constituted laboratory water with re-suspended solid fractions. Organochlorine and mercury residues in the water samples increased from upstream to downstream locations. Conversely, toxic effects were greater at the upstream site than downstream of the superfund Flix reservoir. A further analysis of the suspended solid fraction identified a toxic component eluted within the 80:20 methanol:water fraction. Characterization of that toxic component fraction by LC-MS/MS identified the phytotoxin anatoxin-a, whose residue levels were correlated with observed feeding inhibition responses. Further feeding inhibition assays conducted in the lab using anatoxin-a produced from Planktothrix agardhii, a filamentous cyanobacteria, confirmed field results. This study provides evidence that in real field situation measured contaminant residues do not always agree with toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Rivetti
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDÆA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian Gómez-Canela
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDÆA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Lacorte
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDÆA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Díez
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDÆA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wilkinson L Lázaro
- Centro de Estudos em Limnologia, Biodiversidade e Etnobiologia do Pantanal, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Mato Grosso, Brazil. Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
| | - Carlos Barata
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDÆA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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Rivetti C, Gómez-Canela C, Lacorte S, Barata C. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry to characterise trace levels of cyanobacteria and dinoflagellate toxins in suspended solids and sediments. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:1451-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8308-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Bloom-forming cyanobacteria support copepod reproduction and development in the Baltic Sea. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112692. [PMID: 25409500 PMCID: PMC4237358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It is commonly accepted that summer cyanobacterial blooms cannot be efficiently utilized by grazers due to low nutritional quality and production of toxins; however the evidence for such effects in situ is often contradictory. Using field and experimental observations on Baltic copepods and bloom-forming diazotrophic filamentous cyanobacteria, we show that cyanobacteria may in fact support zooplankton production during summer. To highlight this side of zooplankton-cyanobacteria interactions, we conducted: (1) a field survey investigating linkages between cyanobacteria, reproduction and growth indices in the copepod Acartia tonsa; (2) an experiment testing relationships between ingestion of the cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena (measured by molecular diet analysis) and organismal responses (oxidative balance, reproduction and development) in the copepod A. bifilosa; and (3) an analysis of long term (1999–2009) data testing relationships between cyanobacteria and growth indices in nauplii of the copepods, Acartia spp. and Eurytemora affinis, in a coastal area of the northern Baltic proper. In the field survey, N. spumigena had positive effects on copepod egg production and egg viability, effectively increasing their viable egg production. By contrast, Aphanizomenon sp. showed a negative relationship with egg viability yet no significant effect on the viable egg production. In the experiment, ingestion of N. spumigena mixed with green algae Brachiomonas submarina had significant positive effects on copepod oxidative balance, egg viability and development of early nauplial stages, whereas egg production was negatively affected. Finally, the long term data analysis identified cyanobacteria as a significant positive predictor for the nauplial growth in Acartia spp. and E. affinis. Taken together, these results suggest that bloom forming diazotrophic cyanobacteria contribute to feeding and reproduction of zooplankton during summer and create a favorable growth environment for the copepod nauplii.
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25
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Comparison of two ELISA-based methods for the detection of microcystins in blood serum. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 223:10-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wood JD, Franklin RB, Garman G, McIninch S, Porter AJ, Bukaveckas PA. Exposure to the cyanotoxin microcystin arising from interspecific differences in feeding habits among fish and shellfish in the James River Estuary, Virginia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:5194-5202. [PMID: 24694322 DOI: 10.1021/es403491k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The cyanotoxin, microcystin (MC), is known to accumulate in the tissues of diverse aquatic biota although factors influencing exposure, such as feeding habits and seasonal patterns in toxin production, are poorly known. We analyzed seasonal variation in the MC content of primary and secondary consumers, and used dietary analysis (gut contents and stable isotopes) to improve understanding of cyanotoxin transport in food webs. Periods of elevated toxin concentration were associated with peaks in the abundance of genes specific to Microcystis and MC toxin production (mcyD). Peak toxin levels in consumer tissues coincided with peak MC concentrations in seston. However, toxins in tissues persisted in overwintering populations suggesting that potential health impacts may not be limited to bloom periods. Interspecific differences in tissue MC concentrations were related to feeding habits and organic matter sources as pelagic fishes ingested a greater proportion of algae in their diet, which resulted in greater MC content in liver and muscle tissues. Sediments contained a greater proportion of allochthonous (terrestrial) organic matter and lower concentrations of MC, resulting in lower toxin concentrations among benthic detritivores. Among shellfish, the benthic suspension feeder Rangia cuneata (wedge clam) showed seasonal avoidance of toxin ingestion due to low feeding rates during periods of elevated MC. Among predators, adult Blue Catfish had low MC concentrations, whereas Blue Crabs exhibited high levels of MC in both muscle and viscera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Wood
- Department of Biology and Center for Environmental Studies Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
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Pavagadhi S, Natera S, Roessner U, Balasubramanian R. Insights into lipidomic perturbations in zebrafish tissues upon exposure to microcystin-LR and microcystin-RR. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:14376-14384. [PMID: 24152164 DOI: 10.1021/es4004125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This work represents the first study of its kind that was conducted to evaluate changes in lipid metabolic networks following a balneation exposure of adult zebrafish to MCLR (microcystin-leucine-arginine) and MCRR (microcystin-arginine-arginine) at a sublethal dose (10 μg L(-1)) for a period of 30 days. Following the exposure to MCLR and MCRR, gills, liver, intestine, and brain tissues were harvested for metabolite extraction. Extracted metabolites were detected using qTOF-LC-MS (time-of-flight-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry). Metabolites were identified using Kegg pathways. The identified metabolites are shown on lipid biochemical maps to demonstrate major perturbations in the metabolic machinery. Results showed that most of the metabolic pathways under the lipid class were affected in different tissues of zebrafish following the exposure to MCLR and MCRR (10 μg L(-1) for 30 days). The kind and flux of metabolic perturbations varied among different tissues of the organs after the exposure to MCLR and MCRR with the tissues of gills being the most affected. Among the various lipid pathways, cholesterol synthesis was affected significantly as observed from the highest number of perturbed metabolites in that pathway. Cholesterol is responsible for synthesis of steroid hormones and bile acids, which have been recognized as endocrine signaling molecules. Disruption in the synthesis of these compounds following MCLR/MCRR exposure suggests that MCs are capable of causing endocrine disruption among aquatic organisms even under sublethal conditions. Apart from cholesterol synthesis, various other metabolic pathways belonging to the class of essential fatty acids and lipid oxidation were also observed to be perturbed following a balneation exposure of zebrafish to MCLR/MCRR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Pavagadhi
- Singapore-Delft Water Alliance and ‡Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering National University of Singapore , Block E1A, #07-03 No.1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576
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Kleinteich J, Wood SA, Puddick J, Schleheck D, Küpper FC, Dietrich D. Potent toxins in Arctic environments – Presence of saxitoxins and an unusual microcystin variant in Arctic freshwater ecosystems. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 206:423-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Catherine Q, Susanna W, Isidora ES, Mark H, Aurélie V, Jean-François H. A review of current knowledge on toxic benthic freshwater cyanobacteria--ecology, toxin production and risk management. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:5464-79. [PMID: 23891539 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Benthic cyanobacteria are found globally in plethora of environments. Although they have received less attention than their planktonic freshwater counterparts, it is now well established that they produce toxins and reports of their involvement in animal poisonings have increased markedly during the last decade. Most of the known cyanotoxins have been identified from benthic cyanobacteria including: the hepatotoxic microcystins, nodularins and cylindrospermopsins, the neurotoxic saxitoxins, anatoxin-a and homoanatoxin-a and dermatotoxins, such as lyngbyatoxin. In most countries, observations of toxic benthic cyanobacteria are fragmented, descriptive and in response to animal toxicosis events. Only a limited number of long-term studies have aimed to understand why benthic proliferations occur, and/or how toxin production is regulated. These studies have shown that benthic cyanobacterial blooms are commonly a mixture of toxic and non-toxic genotypes and that toxin concentrations can be highly variable spatially and temporally. Physiochemical parameters responsible for benthic proliferation vary among habitat type with physical disturbance (e.g., flow regimes, wave action) and nutrients commonly identified as important. As climatic conditions change and anthropogenic pressures on waterways increase, it seems likely that the prevalence of blooms of benthic cyanobacteria will increase. In this article we review current knowledge on benthic cyanobacteria: ecology, toxin-producing species, variables that regulate toxin production and bloom formation, their impact on aquatic and terrestrial organisms and current monitoring and management strategies. We suggest research needs that will assist in filling knowledge gaps and ultimately allow more robust monitoring and management protocols to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quiblier Catherine
- MNHN, UMR 7245, 57 rue Cuvier, CP39, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France; Université Paris Diderot, 5 rue T. Mann, 75013 Paris, France.
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He S, Liang XF, Sun J, Shen D. Induction of liver GST transcriptions by tert-butylhydroquinone reduced microcystin-LR accumulation in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 90:128-135. [PMID: 23352130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The cyanobacterial toxin, MC-LR, is predominantly presented during toxic cyanobacterial blooms and is consumed by phytoplanktivorous fish and zooplanktivorous fish directly. Detoxification of MC-LR in liver was believed to begin with conjugate formation with GSH, catalyzed by GSTs. MC-LR GSH conjugates display increased solubility and are subjected to accelerated biliary excretion. In this study, we showed that the mRNA transcriptions of GSTA, GPX and UCP2 were increased within 8h following MC-LR exposure in isolated hepatocytes of Nile tilapia, confirming the roles of phase II enzymes, especially GSTs, in MC-LR detoxification in tilapia. The widely used food-additive, synthetic antioxidant, tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) has been shown to induce phase II enzymes including GSTs, via the antioxidant responsive elements (ARE) locate in the regulatory regions of these genes. Our results also showed that the transcription of various GSTs, including GSTA, GSTR2 and GSTT were significantly induced by tBHQ in Nile tilapia. In consistence, fish fed on tBHQ-containing diet (0.01 percent tBHQ) showed significantly reduced MC-LR accumulation in liver tissues 48 h after an oral administration of a single dose of 250 μg MC-LR/kg body weight (bwt). The findings in this research suggested that tBHQ could reduce MC-LR accumulations in liver, likely through the induction of phase II metabolizing enzymes such as GSTs. Subacute effects of tBHQ and its potential applications in fishery need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan He
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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31
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A pharm-ecological perspective of terrestrial and aquatic plant-herbivore interactions. J Chem Ecol 2013; 39:465-80. [PMID: 23483346 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-013-0267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We describe some recent themes in the nutritional and chemical ecology of herbivores and the importance of a broad pharmacological view of plant nutrients and chemical defenses that we integrate as "Pharm-ecology". The central role that dose, concentration, and response to plant components (nutrients and secondary metabolites) play in herbivore foraging behavior argues for broader application of approaches derived from pharmacology to both terrestrial and aquatic plant-herbivore systems. We describe how concepts of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are used to better understand the foraging phenotype of herbivores relative to nutrient and secondary metabolites in food. Implementing these concepts into the field remains a challenge, but new modeling approaches that emphasize tradeoffs and the properties of individual animals show promise. Throughout, we highlight similarities and differences between the historic and future applications of pharm-ecological concepts in understanding the ecology and evolution of terrestrial and aquatic interactions between herbivores and plants. We offer several pharm-ecology related questions and hypotheses that could strengthen our understanding of the nutritional and chemical factors that modulate foraging behavior of herbivores across terrestrial and aquatic systems.
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D'ors A, Bartolomé MC, Sánchez-Fortún S. Toxic risk associated with sporadic occurrences of Microcystis aeruginosa blooms from tidal rivers in marine and estuarine ecosystems and its impact on Artemia franciscana nauplii populations. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 90:2187-2192. [PMID: 23246722 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Microcystis aeruginosa is a species of freshwater cyanobacteria which can form harmful algal blooms in freshwater water bodies worldwide. However, in spite its sporadic occurrences for short periods of time in estuarine waters, their influence on zooplankton populations present in these ecosystems has not been extensively studied. In this work, Artemia franciscana was used as test organism model, studying mortality against several strains of M. aeruginosa with different degrees of toxigenicity, measuring whole-live cells and homogenate extracts. Results were compared with microcystin-LR equivalent content, measured by immunoassay. The results show that there were no significant differences between both exposure models (whole cells and extracts), and there are significant differences respect to the toxigenicity of cyanobacterial blooms depending of the M. aerugionosa strain involved in the process. Analysis of microcystin-LR equivalent concentration test immediately below the lowest significant concentration in all M. aerugionosa strains was used to determine the potential risk associated with the cell densities during a bloom. Comparison among the selected M. aerugionsa strains show that these factors have influence in the results obtained, and thus, several differences have been evidenced depending of the microcystin-LR equivalent production and the strain type involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D'ors
- Dpto. Toxicología y Farmacología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Svirčev Z, Drobac D, Tokodi N, Vidović M, Simeunović J, Miladinov-Mikov M, Baltić V. Epidemiology of primary liver cancer in Serbia and possible connection with cyanobacterial blooms. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2013; 31:181-200. [PMID: 24024518 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2013.824187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Today, the occurrence of harmful cyanobacterial blooms is a common phenomenon and a potential global health problem. Cyanobacteria can produce metabolites highly toxic to humans. More than 80% of reservoirs used for water supply in Central Serbia have bloomed over the past 80 years. A 10-year epidemiological study showed a significant increase in the incidence of primary liver cancer (PLC) in the regions where water from the blooming reservoirs was used for human consumption. At the same time, no correlation was found between the incidence of PLC and other risk factors, such as cirrhosis and hepatitis viruses. Given the strong association with PLC induction and various known possible mechanisms of carcinogenic action, it is highly possible that, cyanotoxins--acting as initiator and promoter--may be the major risk factor that acts synergistically with other risk factors to cause increased incidence of PLC. However, at present, it is still not certain whether cyanotoxins alone were sufficient to induce PLC. Therefore, additional assessment of the health risks that may arise from human exposure to cyanotoxins is advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorica Svirčev
- a Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences , University of Novi Sad , Novi Sad , Serbia
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Abreu FQD, Ferrão-Filho ADS. Effects of an Anatoxin-a(s)-Producing Strain of <i>Anabaena spiroides</i> (Cyanobacteria) on the Survivorship and Somatic Growth of Two <i>Daphnia similis</i> Clones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/jep.2013.46a002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Rymuszka A, Adaszek Ł. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression in carp blood and head kidney leukocytes exposed to cyanotoxin stress--an in vitro study. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 33:382-388. [PMID: 22641113 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cyanotoxins are toxic, secondary metabolites produced by different species of cyanobacteria that are present all over the world in aquatic environments. No data are available about the molecular mechanisms underlying the stress associated with exposure of fish immune cells to low concentrations of cyanotoxins. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the expression of cytokines that underlie immune regulation are changed after incubation of fish leukocytes with pure cyanotoxins: microcystin- LR (MC-LR), anatoxin-a (Antx-a), or an extract containing Antx-a. The study investigated the relative gene expression of four important cytokines, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, and TGF-β, in carp head kidney and blood leukocytes exposed to toxins at concentrations of 0.01 or 0.1 μg/ml for 4 h. The data showed that pure toxins could induce dysregulation of pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokine expression. Expression of cytokine IL-1 β was highly upregulated following Antx-a exposure, whereas MC-LR induced merely moderate reactions. The expression of TNF-α mRNA was significantly suppressed in blood and head kidney cells incubated with toxins at the higher concentration. These results showed that pure toxins dysregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α more promptly than the anti-inflammatory cytokines TGF-β and IL-10. In contrast, the studies demonstrated a clearly downward trend of pro-inflammatory cytokines and an upward trend of anti-inflammatory cytokines in leukocytes exposed to an extract containing defined concentrations of Antx-a. This study suggests that cyanotoxins present in aquatic environments may exert immunotoxic effects by altering the transcription of important mediators of the fish immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rymuszka
- The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Physiology and Ecotoxicology, Lublin, Poland.
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36
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Stewart I, Eaglesham GK, McGregor GB, Chong R, Seawright AA, Wickramasinghe WA, Sadler R, Hunt L, Graham G. First report of a toxic Nodularia spumigena (Nostocales/ Cyanobacteria) bloom in sub-tropical Australia. II. Bioaccumulation of nodularin in isolated populations of mullet (Mugilidae). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2012; 9:2412-43. [PMID: 22851952 PMCID: PMC3407913 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph9072412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Fish collected after a mass mortality at an artificial lake in south-east Queensland, Australia, were examined for the presence of nodularin as the lake had earlier been affected by a Nodularia bloom. Methanol extracts of muscle, liver, peritoneal and stomach contents were analysed by HPLC and tandem mass spectrometry; histological examination was conducted on livers from captured mullet. Livers of sea mullet (Mugil cephalus) involved in the fish kill contained high concentrations of nodularin (median 43.6 mg/kg, range 40.8-47.8 mg/kg dry weight; n = 3) and the toxin was also present in muscle tissue (median 44.0 μg/kg, range 32.3-56.8 μg/kg dry weight). Livers of fish occupying higher trophic levels accumulated much lower concentrations. Mullet captured from the lake 10 months later were also found to have high hepatic nodularin levels. DNA sequencing of mullet specimens revealed two species inhabiting the study lake: M. cephalus and an unidentified mugilid. The two mullet species appear to differ in their exposure and/or uptake of nodularin, with M. cephalus demonstrating higher tissue concentrations. The feeding ecology of mullet would appear to explain the unusual capacity of these fish to concentrate nodularin in their livers; these findings may have public health implications for mullet fisheries and aquaculture production where toxic cyanobacteria blooms affect source waters. This report incorporates a systematic review of the literature on nodularin measured in edible fish, shellfish and crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Stewart
- Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia; (G.K.E.); (L.H.); (G.G.)
- School of Public Health, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland 4217, Australia;
| | - Geoffrey K. Eaglesham
- Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia; (G.K.E.); (L.H.); (G.G.)
| | - Glenn B. McGregor
- Environment and Resource Sciences, Queensland Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and the Arts, Ecosciences Precinct, Boggo Road, Dutton Park, Queensland 4102, Australia;
| | - Roger Chong
- Biosecurity Queensland, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia;
| | - Alan A. Seawright
- The University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (EnTox), 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia; (A.A.S.); (W.A.W.)
| | - Wasantha A. Wickramasinghe
- The University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (EnTox), 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia; (A.A.S.); (W.A.W.)
| | - Ross Sadler
- School of Public Health, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland 4217, Australia;
| | - Lindsay Hunt
- Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia; (G.K.E.); (L.H.); (G.G.)
| | - Glenn Graham
- Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia; (G.K.E.); (L.H.); (G.G.)
- Faculty of Science, Health and Education, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs Drive, Sippy Downs, Queensland 4556, Australia
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37
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Mohlin M, Roleda MY, Pattanaik B, Tenne SJ, Wulff A. Interspecific resource competition-combined effects of radiation and nutrient limitation on two diazotrophic filamentous cyanobacteria. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2012; 63:736-50. [PMID: 22057471 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-011-9964-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The cyanobacterial blooms in the Baltic Sea are dominated by diazotrophic cyanobacteria, the potentially toxic species Aphanizomenon sp. and the toxic species Nodularia spumigena. The seasonal succession with peaks of Aphanizomenon sp., followed by peaks of N. spumigena, has been explained by the species-specific niches of the two species. In a three-factorial outdoor experiment, we tested if nutrient and radiation conditions may impact physiological and biochemical responses of N. spumigena and Aphanizomenon sp. in the presence or absence of the other species. The two nutrient treatments were f/2 medium without NO (3) (-) (-N) and f/2 medium without PO (4) (3-) (-P), and the two ambient radiation treatments were photosynthetic active radiation >395 nm (PAR) and PAR + UV-A + UV-B >295 nm. The study showed that Aphanizomenon sp. was not negatively affected by the presence of N. spumigena and that N. spumigena was better adapted to both N and P limitation in interaction with ultraviolet radiation (UVR, 280-400 nm). In the Baltic Sea, these physical conditions are likely to prevail in the surface water during summer. Interestingly, the specific growth rate of N. spumigena was stimulated by the presence of Aphanizomenon sp. We suggest that the seasonal succession, with peaks of Aphanizomenon sp. followed by peaks of N. spumigena, is a result from species-specific preferences of environmental conditions and/or stimulation by Aphanizomenon sp. rather than an allelopathic effect of N. spumigena. The results from our study, together with a predicted stronger stratification due to effects of climate change in the Baltic Sea with increased temperature and increased precipitation and increased UV-B due to ozone losses, reflect a scenario with a continuing future dominance of the toxic N. spumigena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Mohlin
- Department of Marine Ecology, Marine Botany, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
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38
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Metcalf JS, Richer R, Cox PA, Codd GA. Cyanotoxins in desert environments may present a risk to human health. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 421-422:118-23. [PMID: 22369867 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
There have been few studies concerning cyanotoxins in desert environments, compared with the multitude of studies of cyanotoxins in aquatic environments. However, cyanobacteria are important primary producers in desert environments, where after seasonal rains they can grow rapidly both stabilising and fertilising arid habitats. Samples of cyanobacteria from wadis - dry, ephemeral river beds - and sabkha - supertidal salt flats - in Qatar were analysed for the presence of microcystins, nodularin, anatoxin-a, cylindrospermopsin and anatoxin-a(S). Microcystins were detected by HPLC-PDA and ELISA at concentrations between 1.5 and 53.7ngg(-1) dry wt of crust. PCR products for the mycD gene for microcystin biosynthesis were detected after amplification of DNA from desert crust samples at two out of three sample sites. The presence of anatoxin-a(S) was also indicated by acetylcholine esterase inhibition assay. As a function of area of desert crust, microcystin concentrations were between 3 and 56μgm(-2). Based on the concentration of microcystins detected in crust, with reference to the published inhalation NOAEL and LOAEL values via nasal spray inhalation of purified microcystin-LR in aqueous solution, and the amount of dust potentially inhaled by a person from these dried crusts, the dose of microcystins could exceed a calculated TDI value of 1-2ngkg(-1)day(-1) for an average adult. The presence of microcystins, and potentially of anatoxin-a(S), in desert crusts has important implications for human health. Further studies are required to monitor desert dust storms for the presence of cyanotoxins. An understanding of the risks of inhaling particles containing cyanotoxins is also warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Metcalf
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK.
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39
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Carey CC, Ibelings BW, Hoffmann EP, Hamilton DP, Brookes JD. Eco-physiological adaptations that favour freshwater cyanobacteria in a changing climate. WATER RESEARCH 2012; 46:1394-407. [PMID: 22217430 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Climate change scenarios predict that rivers, lakes, and reservoirs will experience increased temperatures, more intense and longer periods of thermal stratification, modified hydrology, and altered nutrient loading. These environmental drivers will have substantial effects on freshwater phytoplankton species composition and biomass, potentially favouring cyanobacteria over other phytoplankton. In this Review, we examine how several cyanobacterial eco-physiological traits, specifically, the ability to grow in warmer temperatures; buoyancy; high affinity for, and ability to store, phosphorus; nitrogen-fixation; akinete production; and efficient light harvesting, vary amongst cyanobacteria genera and may enable them to dominate in future climate scenarios. We predict that spatial variation in climate change will interact with physiological variation in cyanobacteria to create differences in the dominant cyanobacterial taxa among regions. Finally, we suggest that physiological traits specific to different cyanobacterial taxa may favour certain taxa over others in different regions, but overall, cyanobacteria as a group are likely to increase in most regions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cayelan C Carey
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Corson Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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40
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Lemaire V, Brusciotti S, van Gremberghe I, Vyverman W, Vanoverbeke J, De Meester L. Genotype × genotype interactions between the toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis and its grazer, the waterflea Daphnia. Evol Appl 2012; 5:168-82. [PMID: 25568039 PMCID: PMC3353343 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2011.00225.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxic algal blooms are an important problem worldwide. The literature on toxic cyanobacteria blooms in inland waters reports widely divergent results on whether zooplankton can control cyanobacteria blooms or cyanobacteria suppress zooplankton by their toxins. Here we test whether this may be due to genotype × genotype interactions, in which interactions between the large-bodied and efficient grazer Daphnia and the widespread cyanobacterium Microcystis are not only dependent on Microcystis strain or Daphnia genotype but are specific to genotype × genotype combinations. We show that genotype × genotype interactions are important in explaining mortality in short-time exposures of Daphnia to Microcystis. These genotype × genotype interactions may result in local coadaptation and a geographic mosaic of coevolution. Genotype × genotype interactions can explain why the literature on zooplankton-cyanobacteria interactions is seemingly inconsistent, and provide hope that zooplankton can contribute to the suppression of cyanobacteria blooms in restoration projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerle Lemaire
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyK.U.Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Silvia Brusciotti
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyK.U.Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Wim Vyverman
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent UniversityGent, Belgium
| | - Joost Vanoverbeke
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyK.U.Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc De Meester
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyK.U.Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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41
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Ferrão-Filho ADS, Kozlowsky-Suzuki B. Cyanotoxins: bioaccumulation and effects on aquatic animals. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:2729-2772. [PMID: 22363248 PMCID: PMC3280578 DOI: 10.3390/md9122729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes with wide geographic distribution that can produce secondary metabolites named cyanotoxins. These toxins can be classified into three main types according to their mechanism of action in vertebrates: hepatotoxins, dermatotoxins and neurotoxins. Many studies on the effects of cyanobacteria and their toxins over a wide range of aquatic organisms, including invertebrates and vertebrates, have reported acute effects (e.g., reduction in survivorship, feeding inhibition, paralysis), chronic effects (e.g., reduction in growth and fecundity), biochemical alterations (e.g., activity of phosphatases, GST, AChE, proteases), and behavioral alterations. Research has also focused on the potential for bioaccumulation and transferring of these toxins through the food chain. Although the herbivorous zooplankton is hypothesized as the main target of cyanotoxins, there is not unquestionable evidence of the deleterious effects of cyanobacteria and their toxins on these organisms. Also, the low toxin burden in secondary consumers points towards biodilution of microcystins in the food web as the predominant process. In this broad review we discuss important issues on bioaccumulation and the effects of cyanotoxins, with emphasis on microcystins, as well as drawbacks and future needs in this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloysio da S. Ferrão-Filho
- Laboratory of Evaluation and Promotion of Environmental Health, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Betina Kozlowsky-Suzuki
- Departament of Ecology and Marine Resources, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur 458, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22290-040, Brazil;
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Dyble J, Gossiaux D, Landrum P, Kashian DR, Pothoven S. A kinetic study of accumulation and elimination of microcystin-LR in yellow perch (Perca flavescens) tissue and implications for human fish consumption. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:2553-2571. [PMID: 22363240 PMCID: PMC3280582 DOI: 10.3390/md9122553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish consumption is a potential route of human exposure to the hepatotoxic microcystins, especially in lakes and reservoirs that routinely experience significant toxic Microcystis blooms. Understanding the rates of uptake and elimination for microcystins as well as the transfer efficiency into tissues of consumers are important for determining the potential for microcystins to be transferred up the food web and for predicting potential human health impacts. The main objective of this work was to conduct laboratory experiments to investigate the kinetics of toxin accumulation in fish tissue. An oral route of exposure was employed in this study, in which juvenile yellow perch (Perca flavescens) were given a single oral dose of 5 or 20 μg of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) via food and accumulation in the muscle, liver, and tank water were measured over 24 h. Peak concentrations of the water soluble fraction of microcystin were generally observed 8-10 h after dosing in the liver and after 12-16 h in the muscle, with a rapid decline in both tissues by 24 h. Up to 99% of the total recoverable (i.e., unbound) microcystin was measured in the tank water by 16 h after exposure. The relatively rapid uptake and elimination of the unbound fraction of microcystin in the liver and muscle of juvenile yellow perch within 24 h of exposure indicates that fish consumption may not be a major route of human exposure to microcystin, particularly in the Great Lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne Dyble
- NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, 4840 South State Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA; (D.G.); (P.L.)
| | - Duane Gossiaux
- NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, 4840 South State Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA; (D.G.); (P.L.)
| | - Peter Landrum
- NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, 4840 South State Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA; (D.G.); (P.L.)
| | - Donna R. Kashian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, 5047 Gullen Mall, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Steven Pothoven
- Lake Michigan Field Station, NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, 1431 Beach Street, Muskegon, MI 49441, USA;
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Sukenik A, Kaplan-Levy RN, Welch JM, Post AF. Massive multiplication of genome and ribosomes in dormant cells (akinetes) of Aphanizomenon ovalisporum (Cyanobacteria). ISME JOURNAL 2011; 6:670-9. [PMID: 21975597 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2011.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Akinetes are dormancy cells commonly found among filamentous cyanobacteria, many of which are toxic and/or nuisance, bloom-forming species. Development of akinetes from vegetative cells is a process that involves morphological and biochemical modifications. Here, we applied a single-cell approach to quantify genome and ribosome content of akinetes and vegetative cells in Aphanizomenon ovalisporum (Cyanobacteria). Vegetative cells of A. ovalisporum were naturally polyploid and contained, on average, eight genome copies per cell. However, the chromosomal content of akinetes increased up to 450 copies, with an average value of 119 genome copies per akinete, 15-fold higher than that in vegetative cells. On the basis of fluorescence in situ hybridization, with a probe targeting 16S rRNA, and detection with confocal laser scanning microscopy, we conclude that ribosomes accumulated in akinetes to a higher level than that found in vegetative cells. We further present evidence that this massive accumulation of nucleic acids in akinetes is likely supported by phosphate supplied from inorganic polyphosphate bodies that were abundantly present in vegetative cells, but notably absent from akinetes. These results are interpreted in the context of cellular investments for proliferation following a long-term dormancy, as the high nucleic acid content would provide the basis for extended survival, rapid resumption of metabolic activity and cell division upon germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Sukenik
- The Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biology Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA.
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44
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Patočka J, Gupta RC, Kuča K. ANATOXIN-A(S): NATURAL ORGANOPHOSPHORUS ANTICHOLINESTERASE AGENT. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.31482/mmsl.2011.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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45
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Black K, Yilmaz M, Phlips EJ. Growth and Toxin Production by Microcystis Aeruginosa PCC 7806 (Kutzing) Lemmerman at Elevated Salt Concentrations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4236/jep.2011.26077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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46
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Spoof L, Neffling MR, Meriluoto J. Fast separation of microcystins and nodularins on narrow-bore reversed-phase columns coupled to a conventional HPLC system. Toxicon 2010; 55:954-64. [PMID: 19540867 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Revised: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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47
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Glas MS, Motti CA, Negri AP, Sato Y, Froscio S, Humpage AR, Krock B, Cembella A, Bourne DG. Cyanotoxins are not implicated in the etiology of coral black band disease outbreaks on Pelorus Island, Great Barrier Reef. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2010; 73:43-54. [PMID: 20455937 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.00874.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacterial toxins (i.e. microcystins) produced within the microbial mat of coral black band disease (BBD) have been implicated in disease pathogenicity. This study investigated the presence of toxins within BBD lesions and other cyanobacterial patch (CP) lesions, which, in some instances ( approximately 19%), facilitated the onset of BBD, from an outbreak site at Pelorus Island on the inshore, central Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Cyanobacterial species that dominated the biomass of CP and BBD lesions were cultivated and identified, based on morphology and 16S rRNA gene sequences, as Blennothrix- and Oscillatoria-affiliated species, respectively, and identical to cyanobacterial sequences retrieved from previous molecular studies from this site. The presence of the cyanotoxins microcystin, cylindrospermopsin, saxitoxin, nodularin and anatoxin and their respective gene operons in field samples of CP and BBD lesions and their respective culture isolations was tested using genetic (PCR-based screenings), chemical (HPLC-UV, FTICR-MS and LC/MS(n)) and biochemical (PP2A) methods. Cyanotoxins and cyanotoxin synthetase genes were not detected in any of the samples. Cyanobacterial species dominant within CP and BBD lesions were phylogenetically distinct from species previously shown to produce cyanotoxins and isolated from BBD lesions. The results from this study demonstrate that cyanobacterial toxins appear to play no role in the pathogenicity of CP and BBD at this site on the GBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin S Glas
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia
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48
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Kinnear S. Cylindrospermopsin: a decade of progress on bioaccumulation research. Mar Drugs 2010; 8:542-64. [PMID: 20411114 PMCID: PMC2857366 DOI: 10.3390/md8030542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Revised: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is rapidly being recognised as one of the most globally important of the freshwater algal toxins. The ever-expanding distribution of CYN producers into temperate zones is heightening concern that this toxin will represent serious human, as well as environmental, health risks across many countries. Since 1999, a number of studies have demonstrated the ability for CYN to bioaccumulate in freshwater organisms. This paper synthesizes the most current information on CYN accumulation, including notes on the global distribution of CYN producers, and a précis of CYN's ecological and human effects. Studies on the bioaccumulation of CYN are systematically reviewed, together with an analysis of patterns of accumulation. A discussion on the factors influencing bioaccumulation rates and potential is also provided, along with notes on detection, monitoring and risk assessments. Finally, key gaps in the existing research are identified for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Kinnear
- Centre for Environmental Management, CQUniversity Australia, Building 7, Bruce Highway, North Rockhampton, Queensland 4702, Australia.
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Abstract
Cyanobacteria are found worldwide, primarily in aquatic habitats. They are increasing in abundance as a result of increasing nutrient inputs from various human activities. Recent data indicate that most cyanobacteria produce the neurotoxin beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), and this toxin can biomagnify UP some food chains to rather high concentrations in animals used as food by humans. BMAA may pose an increasing human health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry E Brand
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Florida 33149, USA.
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50
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Caller TA, Doolin JW, Haney JF, Murby AJ, West KG, Farrar HE, Ball A, Harris BT, Stommel EW. A cluster of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in New Hampshire: A possible role for toxic cyanobacteria blooms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 10 Suppl 2:101-8. [DOI: 10.3109/17482960903278485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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