1
|
Proteomic genotyping of SNP of Complement Factor H (CFH) Y402H and I62V using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) assays. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19587. [PMID: 36379987 PMCID: PMC9666549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20936-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of complement factor H (CFH) gene are well-known genetic risk factors for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). To identify whether the measurement of plasma protein concentrations of CFH variants using the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) assay can determine the genotypes of CFH SNP rs1061170 and rs800292, 120 patients with AMD and 26 controls were included in this study. The number of cases were TT:TC:CC = 121:24:1 in CFH SNP Y402H and GG:AG:AA = 72:57:17 in CFH SNP I62V. Plasma concentrations of tryptic peptides were measured using the MRM assay, and tyrosine/histidine (Y/H) and valine/isoleucine (V/I) CFH variant protein ratios were obtained. To discriminate the genotypes by the plasma protein ratios, cut-off values were set for Y/H ratios (TT: > 4.428; TC: 1.00-4.428; CC: < 1.00) and V/I ratios (GG: > 1.09; AG: 0.0089-1.08; AA: < 0.0089). Correlation analysis revealed that the plasma CFH variant protein ratios and genotypes of CFH were exactly matched (100%) without overlap in the total patients and controls. The measurement of plasma protein CFH variants using the MRM assay can accurately identify the genotypes of CFH SNPs of Y402H and I62V.
Collapse
|
2
|
Trinh M, Eshow N, Alonso-Caneiro D, Kalloniatis M, Nivison-Smith L. Reticular Pseudodrusen Are Associated With More Advanced Para-Central Photoreceptor Degeneration in Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:12. [PMID: 36251316 PMCID: PMC9586134 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.11.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine retinal topographical differences between intermediate age-related macular degeneration (iAMD) with reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) versus iAMD without RPD, using high-density optical coherence tomography (OCT) cluster analysis. Methods Single eyes from 153 individuals (51 with iAMD+RPD, 51 with iAMD, and 51 healthy) were propensity-score matched by age, sex, and refraction. High-density OCT grid-wise (60 × 60 grids, each approximately 0.01 mm2 area) thicknesses were custom-extracted from macular cube scans, then compared between iAMD+RPD and iAMD eyes with correction for confounding factors. These "differences (µm)" were clustered and results de-convoluted to reveal mean difference (95% confidence interval [CI]) and topography of the inner retina (retinal nerve fiber, ganglion cell, inner plexiform, and inner nuclear layers) and outer retina (outer plexiform/Henle's fiber/outer nuclear layers, inner and outer segments, and retinal pigment epithelium-to-Bruch's membrane [RPE-BM]). Differences were also converted to Z-scores using normal data. Results In iAMD+RPD compared to iAMD eyes, the inner retina was thicker (up to +5.89 [95% CI = +2.44 to +9.35] µm, P < 0.0001 to 0.05), the outer para-central retina was thinner (up to -3.21 [95% CI = -5.39 to -1.03] µm, P < 0.01 to 0.001), and the RPE-BM was thicker (+3.38 [95% CI = +1.05 to +5.71] µm, P < 0.05). The majority of effect sizes (Z-scores) were large (-3.13 to +1.91). Conclusions OCT retinal topography differed across all retinal layers between iAMD eyes with versus without RPD. Greater para-central photoreceptor thinning in RPD eyes was suggestive of more advanced degeneration, whereas the significance of inner retinal thickening was unclear. In the future, quantitative evaluation of photoreceptor thicknesses may help clinicians monitor the potential deleterious effects of RPD on retinal integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matt Trinh
- Centre for Eye Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natalie Eshow
- Centre for Eye Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Alonso-Caneiro
- Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael Kalloniatis
- Centre for Eye Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine (Optometry), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa Nivison-Smith
- Centre for Eye Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Overexpression of CERKL Protects Retinal Pigment Epithelium Mitochondria from Oxidative Stress Effects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10122018. [PMID: 34943121 PMCID: PMC8698444 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10122018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The precise function of CERKL, a Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) causative gene, is not yet fully understood. There is evidence that CERKL is involved in the regulation of autophagy, stress granules, and mitochondrial metabolism, and it is considered a gene that is resilient against oxidative stress in the retina. Mutations in most RP genes affect photoreceptors, but retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells may be also altered. Here, we aimed to analyze the effect of CERKL overexpression and depletion in vivo and in vitro, focusing on the state of the mitochondrial network under oxidative stress conditions. Our work indicates that the depletion of CERKL increases the vulnerability of RPE mitochondria, which show a shorter size and altered shape, particularly upon sodium arsenite treatment. CERKL-depleted cells have dysfunctional mitochondrial respiration particularly upon oxidative stress conditions. The overexpression of two human CERKL isoforms (558 aa and 419 aa), which display different protein domains, shows that a pool of CERKL localizes at mitochondria in RPE cells and that CERKL protects the mitochondrial network—both in size and shape—against oxidative stress. Our results support CERKL being a resilient gene that regulates the mitochondrial network in RPE as in retinal neurons and suggest that RPE cell alteration contributes to particular phenotypic traits in patients carrying CERKL mutations.
Collapse
|
4
|
Neonatal encephalopathy: Focus on epidemiology and underexplored aspects of etiology. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 26:101265. [PMID: 34305025 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2021.101265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal Encephalopathy (NE) is a neurologic syndrome in term and near-term infants who have depressed consciousness, difficulty initiating and maintaining respiration, and often abnormal tone, reflexes and neonatal seizures in varying combinations. Moderate/severe NE affects 0.5-3/1000 live births in high-income countries, more in low- and middle-income countries, and carries high risk of mortality or disability, including cerebral palsy. Reduced blood flow and/or oxygenation around the time of birth, as with ruptured uterus, placental abruption or umbilical cord prolapse can cause NE. This subset of NE, with accompanying low Apgar scores and acidemia, is termed Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy. Other causes of NE that can present similarly, include infections, inflammation, toxins, metabolic disease, stroke, placental disease, and genetic disorders. Aberrant fetal growth and congenital anomalies are strongly associated with NE, suggesting a major role for maldevelopment. As new tools for differential diagnosis emerge, their application for prevention, individualized treatment and prognostication will require further systematic studies of etiology of NE.
Collapse
|
5
|
Chetboun C, Hassine A, Carra MC, Mrejen S, Nghiem-Buffet S, Cohen SY. [Association between age-related macular degeneration and periodontal disease]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2021; 44:1142-1147. [PMID: 34246496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the association between age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and periodontal disease, two frequent conditions in the elderly, with some risk factors in common. METHODS Single center, pilot, case-control study performed in a center specialized in the diagnosis and management of AMD. Periodontal status was evaluated in 43 AMD patients and 19 controls. Fundus examination and a complete periodontal examination were performed in all subjects. RESULTS AMD patients have a greater percentage of 3-4mm clinical attachment loss compared to controls (47% vs. 38%, [P=0.039]). However, no significant difference was found between the groups with regard to the prevalence of severe periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest an association between AMD and attachment loss characteristic of periodontal disease and support the need for larger prospective studies to elucidate the relationships between these 2 highly prevalent and potentially severe diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Chetboun
- Centre médical et dentaire Cardinet, Paris 17, Paris, France
| | | | - M C Carra
- Faculté d'odontologie, université Paris VII, Paris, France
| | - S Mrejen
- Centre ophtalmologique d'imagerie et de laser, université Paris Est Créteil, Paris, France
| | - S Nghiem-Buffet
- Centre ophtalmologique d'imagerie et de laser, université Paris Est Créteil, Paris, France
| | - S-Y Cohen
- Centre ophtalmologique d'imagerie et de laser, université Paris Est Créteil, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
MERTK-Mediated LC3-Associated Phagocytosis (LAP) of Apoptotic Substrates in Blood-Separated Tissues: Retina, Testis, Ovarian Follicles. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061443. [PMID: 34207717 PMCID: PMC8229618 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Timely and efficient elimination of apoptotic substrates, continuously produced during one’s lifespan, is a vital need for all tissues of the body. This task is achieved by cells endowed with phagocytic activity. In blood-separated tissues such as the retina, the testis and the ovaries, the resident cells of epithelial origin as retinal pigmented epithelial cells (RPE), testis Sertoli cells and ovarian granulosa cells (GC) provide phagocytic cleaning of apoptotic cells and cell membranes. Disruption of this process leads to functional ablation as blindness in the retina and compromised fertility in males and females. To ensure the efficient elimination of apoptotic substrates, RPE, Sertoli cells and GC combine various mechanisms allowing maintenance of tissue homeostasis and avoiding acute inflammation, tissue disorganization and functional ablation. In tight cooperation with other phagocytosis receptors, MERTK—a member of the TAM family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK)—plays a pivotal role in apoptotic substrate cleaning from the retina, the testis and the ovaries through unconventional autophagy-assisted phagocytosis process LAP (LC3-associated phagocytosis). In this review, we focus on the interplay between TAM RTKs, autophagy-related proteins, LAP, and Toll-like receptors (TLR), as well as the regulatory mechanisms allowing these components to sustain tissue homeostasis and prevent functional ablation of the retina, the testis and the ovaries.
Collapse
|
7
|
Dhingra A, Sharp RC, Kim T, Popov AV, Ying GS, Pietrofesa RA, Park K, Christofidou-Solomidou M, Boesze-Battaglia K. Assessment of a Small Molecule Synthetic Lignan in Enhancing Oxidative Balance and Decreasing Lipid Accumulation in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5764. [PMID: 34071220 PMCID: PMC8198017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Visual function depends on the intimate structural, functional and metabolic interactions between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the neural retina. The daily phagocytosis of the photoreceptor outer segment tips by the overlaying RPE provides essential nutrients for the RPE itself and photoreceptors through intricate metabolic synergy. Age-related retinal changes are often characterized by metabolic dysregulation contributing to increased lipid accumulation and peroxidation as well as the release of proinflammatory cytokines. LGM2605 is a synthetic lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) with free radical scavenging, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties demonstrated in diverse in vitro and in vivo inflammatory disease models. In these studies, we tested the hypothesis that LGM2605 may be an attractive small-scale therapeutic that protects RPE against inflammation and restores its metabolic capacity under lipid overload. Using an in vitro model in which loss of the autophagy protein, LC3B, results in defective phagosome degradation and metabolic dysregulation, we show that lipid overload results in increased gasdermin cleavage, IL-1 β release, lipid accumulation and decreased oxidative capacity. The addition of LGM2605 resulted in enhanced mitochondrial capacity, decreased lipid accumulation and amelioration of IL-1 β release in a model of defective lipid homeostasis. Collectively, these studies suggest that lipid overload decreases mitochondrial function and increases the inflammatory response, with LGM2605 acting as a protective agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Dhingra
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (A.D.); (R.C.S.)
| | - Rachel C. Sharp
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (A.D.); (R.C.S.)
| | - Taewan Kim
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Anatoliy V. Popov
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Gui-Shuang Ying
- Center for Preventive Ophthalmology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (G.-S.Y.); (K.P.)
| | - Ralph A. Pietrofesa
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (R.A.P.); (M.C.-S.)
| | - Kyewon Park
- Center for Preventive Ophthalmology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (G.-S.Y.); (K.P.)
| | - Melpo Christofidou-Solomidou
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (R.A.P.); (M.C.-S.)
| | - Kathleen Boesze-Battaglia
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (A.D.); (R.C.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dietary flavonoids are associated with longitudinal treatment outcomes in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:4243-4250. [PMID: 34009430 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02582-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess whether dietary intake of flavonoids are associated with longitudinal treatment outcomes of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). METHODS 547 participants with nAMD were recruited at baseline, 494 were followed-up after receiving 12 months of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy. Baseline dietary intake of flavonoids was determined using a validated food frequency questionnaire. At follow-up, presence of intra-retinal and sub-retinal fluid (IRF and SRF), retinal pigment epithelium detachment and measurements of central macular thickness (CMT) were recorded from optical coherence tomography scans. Visual acuity (VA) was documented using LogMAR charts. RESULTS Participants in the first tertile of intake of the flavonol quercetin, and the flavan-3-ols epigallocatechin-3-gallate and epigallocatechin had significantly worse vision than participants in the third tertile-multivariable-adjusted least square (LS) mean VA: 14.68 vs. 19.53 (p = 0.04); 14.06 vs. 18.89 (p = 0.04); 13.86 vs. 18.86 (p = 0.03), respectively. Participants in the first compared to the third tertile of flavan-3-ol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate and epigallocatechin intake all had a twofold higher risk of IRF, multivariable-adjusted p trend of: 0.03, 0.01 and 0.02, respectively. The first vs. the third tertile of tea intake had significantly worse vision (LS mean VA: 13.49 vs. 19.04, p = 0.02), increased risk of IRF (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.18-3.85) and greater mean CMT (279.59 μm vs. 256.52 μm, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Higher intakes of dietary flavonoids, specifically flavonols and flavan-3-ols, could be associated with better long-term treatment outcomes in nAMD patients receiving anti-VEGF therapy. Confirmation of these associations in interventional studies could result in promising new therapeutic approaches to the treatment of nAMD.
Collapse
|
9
|
He S, Ouyang S, Li X, Ma B. Inhibition of laser induced rats choroidal neovascularization by intravitreous injection of sEphB4-HSA. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:18. [PMID: 33553311 PMCID: PMC7859820 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-3810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a leading cause of central vision loss complicated with age-related macular degeneration. Although intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy is widely used in wet age-related macular degeneration, optimal treatment regimens for the disease are still under investigation. EphrinB2 and EphB4 regulate angiogenesis, and interruption of EphB4/ephrinB2 has been demonstrated to inhibit angiogenesis. In the current study, we studied the effects of soluble EphB4 (sEphB4) on laser induced CNV in a rat model by intravitreous injection and the underlying mechanism. Methods Male rats (Brown-Norway) were used in the study. CNV was induced by laser and the sEphB4 was injected intravitreous after laser at days 3 and 7. The CNV lesions were evaluated by three methods: fluorescein angiography (FA) in vivo, CNV volume by confocal analysis of choroidal flat-mounts and H&E staining. The expression of fibronectin (FN), VEGFR-2, phospho-VEGFR-2 (pVEGFR-2), the double labeling of EphB4 with FN was analyzed by immunofluorescence. The interaction of FN with EphB4 and the effects of intraocular injection of sEphB4 on the inhibition of pVEGFR-2 were determined by western blot. Results The FA leakage and CNV volume were significantly inhibited by the injection of the sEphB4. Further, histology analysis showed that CNV lesion was significantly smaller in the rats with sEphB4 injection than rats with placebo application. The expressions of pVEGFR-2 and FN in the CNV lesions were reduced compared with controls. Conclusions Our study suggests that the inhibition of CNV by sEphB4 may be through suppression of VEGFR-2 phosphorylation and the expression of FN. sEphB4 may be a new potential therapeutic strategy of CNV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shikun He
- Department of Pathology and USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sha Ouyang
- Department of Pathology and USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Binyun Ma
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Weaver C, Cyr B, de Rivero Vaccari JC, de Rivero Vaccari JP. Inflammasome Proteins as Inflammatory Biomarkers of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:27. [PMID: 33364081 PMCID: PMC7746957 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.13.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) can result in severe vision loss and blurriness in the older population. The early and intermediate stages of AMD typically start without noticeable symptoms and can only be detected with a comprehensive eye exam. Because of the quiet onset of the disease, it is necessary to identify potential biomarkers to aid in the diagnosis, staging, and association with disease onset. Inflammasome signaling proteins are prominent biomarkers in the central nervous system, and the inflammasome has been shown to play a role in the innate inflammatory response in aging and AMD. Methods Serum from healthy controls and AMD patients were analyzed for the protein levels of Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), interleukin (IL)-18 and C-reactive protein (CRP) to determine cutoff points, positive and negative predictive values, and receiver operator characteristic curves, as well as univariate and multivariate linear and logistic regression models. Results ASC, IL-18, and CRP were elevated in the serum of AMD patients when compared to healthy controls. The area under the curve (AUC) for ASC was 0.98 with a cutoff point of 365.6 pg/mL, whereas IL-18 had an AUC of 0.73 and a cutoff point of 242.4 pg/mL, and the AUC for CRP was 0.67 with a cutoff point of 8,684,152 pg/mL. Levels of IL-18 had a statistically significant linear correlation with that of ASC with an adjusted R2 of 0.1906, indicating that 19% of IL-18 could be explained by ASC protein levels in serum. Moreover, a logistic regression model for the diagnosis of AMD consists of ASC and having a diagnosis of hypertension, indicating that these two factors (elevated levels of ASC and a diagnosis of hypertension [HTN]) are associated with the diagnosis of AMD. Conclusions ASC, IL-18, and CRP are elevated in patients with AMD, and the protein levels of IL-18 are partially the result of ASC protein expression. Moreover, elevated protein levels of ASC in serum and a diagnosis of HTN increase the odds of patients having a diagnosis of AMD. Translational Relevance Biomarkers of AMD may be used to monitor disease risk, response to treatment and disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cailey Weaver
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Brianna Cyr
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,InflamaCORE, LLC. Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Trinh M, Tong J, Yoshioka N, Zangerl B, Kalloniatis M, Nivison-Smith L. Macula Ganglion Cell Thickness Changes Display Location-Specific Variation Patterns in Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:2. [PMID: 32150251 PMCID: PMC7401429 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine changes in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) of individuals with intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using grid-wise analysis for macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) volume scans. We also aim to validate the use of age-correction functions for GCL thickness in diseased eyes. Methods OCT macular cube scans covering 30° × 25° were acquired using Spectralis spectral-domain OCT for 87 eyes with intermediate AMD, 77 age-matched normal eyes, and 254 non-age-matched normal eyes. The thickness of the ganglion cell layer (GCL) was defined after segmentation at 60 locations across an 8 × 8 grid centered on the fovea, where each grid location covered 0.74 mm2 (approximately 3° × 3°) within the macula. Each GCL location of normal eyes (n = 77) were assigned to a specific iso-ganglion cell density cluster in the macula, based on patterns of age-related GCL thickness loss. Analyses were then performed comparing AMD GCL grid-wise data against corresponding spatial clusters, and significant AMD GCL thickness changes were denoted as values outside the 95% distribution limits. Results Analysis of GCL thickness changes revealed significant differences between spatial clusters, with thinning toward the fovea, and thickening toward the peripheral macula. The direction of GCL thickness changes in AMD were associated more so with thickening than thinning in all analyses. Results were corroborated by the application of GCL thickness age-correction functions. Conclusions GCL thickness changed significantly and nonuniformly within the macula of intermediate AMD eyes. Further characterization of these changes is critical to improve diagnoses and monitoring of GCL-altering pathologies.
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu XC, Guo XH, Chen X, Yao Y. Toll-like receptor 4 gene polymorphisms rs4986790 and rs4986791 and age-related macular degeneration susceptibility: a meta-analysis. Ophthalmic Genet 2020; 41:31-35. [PMID: 32102594 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2020.1723117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Several studies have investigated two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs4986790 and rs4986791) of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) susceptibility. However, their results varied. Here, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the association between these two SNPs and AMD susceptibility.Materials and Methods: We searched the PubMed and Web of Science databases for articles indexed up to July 20, 2019. Studies investigating the association between TLR4 polymorphisms rs4986790 (Asp299Gly) and rs4986791 (Thr399Ile) and AMD susceptibility were included in this systematic review. The results of the included studies were pooled with allele contrast, recessive, dominant and overdominant models. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Egger's test was used to evaluate publication bias.Results: Six studies with 9 cohorts were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The recessive and overdominant models showed that rs4986790 was significantly associated with AMD susceptibility, with odds ratios (ORs) of 0.73 and 1.41, respectively. By contrast, rs4986791 was not associated with AMD susceptibility. No publication bias was observed for either rs4986791 or rs4986790.Conclusion: The current evidence supports the hypothesis that rs4986790 but not rs4986791 is associated with AMD susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Cui Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 1st Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 1st Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 1st Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 1st Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Will-Orrego A, Qiu Y, Fassbender ES, Shen S, Aranda J, Kotagiri N, Maker M, Liao SM, Jaffee BD, Poor SH. Amount of Mononuclear Phagocyte Infiltrate Does Not Predict Area of Experimental Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV). J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2019; 34:489-499. [PMID: 30188257 PMCID: PMC6152860 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2017.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) are present in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nv AMD) which is also called choroidal neovascularization (CNV). The number and phenotype of the MNPs depend upon the local environment in the CNV and effect of nv AMD therapy. We investigated ocular cell infiltration and conditions that modulate angiogenesis in a laser-induced mouse CNV model. Methods: We developed assays to quantify MNPs in our established mouse CNV model. One MNP assay quantified the number of subretinal cells peripheral to the CNV lesions. A second assay semiquantitatively assesses the number of MNPs localized to the CNV lesion. We used these assays to measure the effect of toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2) activation, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy, and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (Ccl2) genetic deletion on MNP infiltration after laser injury. Results: Laser injury induced blood vessel growth and infiltration of MNPs. Systemic administration of a TLR-2 activating peptide increased laser-induced CNV area, MNP cell numbers, and MNP density over the CNV lesions. Systemic administration of a VEGF antibody reduced CNV area, while Ccl2 genetic deletion increased CNV area. Despite the change in amount of angiogenesis, MNP infiltration was, surprisingly, unchanged in these 2 conditions. Conclusions: MNP quantification provides biological insights for candidate AMD therapies. The number of infiltrating MNP cells does not correlate with the amount of laser-induced CNV area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Will-Orrego
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Yubin Qiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth S Fassbender
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Siyuan Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jorge Aranda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Namrata Kotagiri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Maker
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sha-Mei Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Bruce D Jaffee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen H Poor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Costagliola C, Morescalchi F, Duse S, Romano D, Mazza G, Parmeggiani F, Bartollino S, Semeraro F. Systemic thromboembolic adverse events in patients treated with intravitreal anti-VEGF drugs for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: an update. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2019; 18:803-815. [DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2019.1643838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Costagliola
- Department of Medicine and Health Science “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Francesco Morescalchi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sarah Duse
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Davide Romano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Mazza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Parmeggiani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Bartollino
- Department of Medicine and Health Science “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Francesco Semeraro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang S, Wang X, Cheng Y, Ouyang W, Sang X, Liu J, Su Y, Liu Y, Li C, Yang L, Jin L, Wang Z. Autophagy Dysfunction, Cellular Senescence, and Abnormal Immune-Inflammatory Responses in AMD: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Potential. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3632169. [PMID: 31249643 PMCID: PMC6556250 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3632169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a blinding disease caused by multiple factors and is the primary cause of vision loss in the elderly. The morbidity of AMD increases every year. Currently, there is no effective treatment option for AMD. Intravitreal injection of antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) is currently the most widely used therapy, but it only aims at neovascularization, which is an intermediate pathological phenomenon of wet AMD, not at the etiological treatment. Anti-VEGF therapy can only temporarily delay the degeneration process of wet AMD, and AMD is easy to relapse after drug withdrawal. Therefore, it is urgent to deepen our understanding of the pathophysiological processes underlying AMD and to identify integrated or new strategies for AMD prevention and treatment. Recent studies have found that autophagy dysfunction in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, cellular senescence, and abnormal immune-inflammatory responses play key roles in the pathogenesis of AMD. For many age-related diseases, the main focus is currently the clearing of senescent cells (SNCs) as an antiaging treatment, thereby delaying diseases. However, in AMD, there is no relevant antiaging application. This review will discuss the pathogenesis of AMD and how interactions among RPE autophagy dysfunction, cellular senescence, and abnormal immune-inflammatory responses are involved in AMD, and it will summarize the three antiaging strategies that have been developed, with the aim of providing important information for the integrated prevention and treatment of AMD and laying the ground work for the application of antiaging strategies in AMD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoubi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xiaoran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yaqi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Weijie Ouyang
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xuan Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan 523059, China
| | - Yaru Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Chaoyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Lin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zhichong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Corticosteroids are unique in that they are the one class of agents that acts upon most of the multiple processes in the pathophysiology of macular edema. Corticosteroids are capable of inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis as well as interfering with intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), interleukin-6, VEGF-A, and stromal cell derived factor-1 pathways. Triamcinolone, dexamethasone, and fluocinolone have been extensively used in the treatment of retinal and choroidal vascular diseases. Sustained release implants of steroids have reduced the burden of repeated intravitreal injections necessary in most of the retinal diseases. Complement factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Inhibitors of complement could provide a breakthrough in the treatment of dry AMD. Complement factor inhibitors, such as POT-4, lampalizumab, and eculizumab, have been tested in clinical trials for dry AMD with promising results. However, results of phase 3 trials are awaited.
Collapse
|
17
|
Hashemi R, Bandarian M, Abedi-Taleb E, Khojasteh H, Khedmat L, Asadollahi E, Beytollahi M, Jelodar AM. The association between blood vitamins D and E with age-related macular degeneration: A pilot study. Interv Med Appl Sci 2019; 10:127-132. [PMID: 30713750 PMCID: PMC6343581 DOI: 10.1556/1646.10.2018.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was aimed to evaluate the association of serum vitamins D and E level with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods This pilot study was performed in two groups of 15 patients in treatment group and 15 patients in control group. Measurements of blood factors [such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)] were performed after 12 h of fasting. To measure vitamins D and E, the serum was isolated from 5 cc blood samples. Results HDL was higher in the control group as compared with the AMD group. However, no significant difference was found between the two groups (p = 0.08). On the other hand, serum vitamin E in the AMD group was remarkably higher as compared to the control group (p < 0.002). However, no significant difference was found in serum vitamin D levels between the two groups (p = 0.662). Our findings also revealed that there was no statistically significant relationship between BMI and AMD. Moreover, no significant correlation was determined between serum CRP and AMD (p = 0.96). Conclusions Our data indicated that none provides evidence for associations between AMD and serum vitamin D levels. The association between vitamin D and AMD requires further investigations in a large population studies, to elucidate whether vitamin D deficiency can be an important risk factor for AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Hashemi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ziaeian Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahin Bandarian
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Ziaeian Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Abedi-Taleb
- Ziaean Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Khojasteh
- Ophthalmology Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Khedmat
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Asadollahi
- Ziaean Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Beytollahi
- Department and Faculty of Medical Sciences and Technology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Scotti F, Milani P, Setaccioli M, Maestroni S, Sidenius N, De Lorenzi V, Massacesi A, Bergamini F, Zerbini G. Increased soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) levels in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a role for inflammation in the pathogenesis of the disease? Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019; 257:899-903. [PMID: 30617582 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-018-04230-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the plasma concentration of the soluble form of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor ((s)uPAR), an established biomarker of chronic inflammation, in patients affected by neovascular age-related macular degeneration. METHODS Forty consecutive patients affected by age-related macular degeneration and 52 subjects with no history of the disease were included in this case-control study. The two groups of individuals considered for the study were matched for age, sex, and class of medications taken. Plasma concentration of suPAR was measured using a specific ELISA assay (suPARnostic, Birkeroed, Denmark). RESULTS The case and control groups were similar for age, gender distribution, weight, height, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as for dyslipidemia and high blood pressure medication (P > 0.28). The plasma concentrations of suPAR were significantly increased in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration when compared to controls (6.19 ± 2.2 ng/ml, vs 5.21 ± 1.5, respectively, mean ± SD P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration display increased plasma levels of suPAR, suggesting that chronic inflammation may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Scotti
- Ophthalmology Department, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Milani
- Ophthalmology Department, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Setaccioli
- Ophthalmology Department, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Maestroni
- Complications of Diabetes Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolai Sidenius
- Unit of Cell Matrix Signalling, IFOM The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina De Lorenzi
- Unit of Cell Matrix Signalling, IFOM The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Amedeo Massacesi
- Ophthalmology Department, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fulvio Bergamini
- Ophthalmology Department, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Zerbini
- Complications of Diabetes Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sodi A, Passerini I, Bacherini D, Boni L, Palchetti S, Murro V, Caporossi O, Mucciolo DP, Franco F, Vannozzi L, Torricelli F, Pelo E, Rizzo S, Virgili G. CFH Y402H polymorphism in Italian patients with age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, and Stargardt disease. Ophthalmic Genet 2018; 39:699-705. [PMID: 30285522 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2018.1525753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complement system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and the CFH Y402H polymorphism has been suggested as a major risk factor for AMD. Recent evidences supported the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of some retinal dystrophies. Aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of CFHY402H polymorphism in a group of Italian patients affected by atrophic AMD, Stargardt disease (STGD), or retinitis pigmentosa(RP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Our case-control association study included 116 patients with atrophic AMD, 77 with RP, 86 with STGD, and 100 healthy controls. All the patients were evaluated by a standard ophthalmologic examination and OCT. ERG was performed on STGD and RP patients. All the subjects underwent a blood drawing for genetic testing and the CFHY402H polymorphism was genotyped with the TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction single nucleotide polymorphism assay. RESULTS The prevalence of the risk genotype C/C was higher in the AMD group than in controls (p < 0.001). The risk allele C was more frequent in the AMD group than in controls (p < 0.001). The prevalence of the risk genotype was higher in the RP patients than in controls (p < 0.001) and similarly the risk allele C was more frequent in the RP group (p = 0.008). The CFHY402H genotype distribution was not different between patients with STGD and the controls, for the biallelic (p = 0.531) and for the monoallelic (p = 0.318) evaluation. CONCLUSIONS In our series of Italian patients, the CFHY402H genotype is associated with atrophic AMD and RP, but not with STGD. This result may support the hypothesis of a complement system dysregulation in the pathogenesis of AMD and RP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sodi
- a Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Eye Clinic , Careggi Teaching Hospital, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Ilaria Passerini
- b Department of Genetic Diagnosis , Careggi Teaching Hospital , Florence , Italy
| | - Daniela Bacherini
- a Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Eye Clinic , Careggi Teaching Hospital, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Luca Boni
- c Clinical Trials Coordinating Center , Careggi Teaching Hospital , Florence , Italy
| | - Simona Palchetti
- b Department of Genetic Diagnosis , Careggi Teaching Hospital , Florence , Italy
| | - Vittoria Murro
- a Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Eye Clinic , Careggi Teaching Hospital, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Orsola Caporossi
- a Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Eye Clinic , Careggi Teaching Hospital, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Dario Pasquale Mucciolo
- a Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Eye Clinic , Careggi Teaching Hospital, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Fabrizio Franco
- a Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Eye Clinic , Careggi Teaching Hospital, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Lorenzo Vannozzi
- a Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Eye Clinic , Careggi Teaching Hospital, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Francesca Torricelli
- b Department of Genetic Diagnosis , Careggi Teaching Hospital , Florence , Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pelo
- b Department of Genetic Diagnosis , Careggi Teaching Hospital , Florence , Italy
| | - Stanislao Rizzo
- a Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Eye Clinic , Careggi Teaching Hospital, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Gianni Virgili
- a Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Eye Clinic , Careggi Teaching Hospital, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Winiarczyk M, Kaarniranta K, Winiarczyk S, Adaszek Ł, Winiarczyk D, Mackiewicz J. Tear film proteome in age-related macular degeneration. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2018; 256:1127-1139. [PMID: 29696386 PMCID: PMC5956098 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-018-3984-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the main reason for blindness in elderly people in the developed countries. Current screening protocols have limitations in detecting the early signs of retinal degeneration. Therefore, it would be desirable to find novel biomarkers for early detection of AMD. Development of novel biomarkers would help in the prevention, diagnostics, and treatment of AMD. Proteomic analysis of tear film has shown promise in this research area. If an optimal set of biomarkers could be obtained from accessible body fluids, it would represent a reliable way to monitor disease progression and response to novel therapies. Methods Tear films were collected on Schirmer strips from a total of 22 patients (8 with wet AMD, 6 with dry AMD, and 8 control individuals). 2D electrophoresis was used to separate tear film proteins prior to their identification with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight spectrometer (MALDI-TOF/TOF) and matching with functional databases. Results A total of 342 proteins were identified. Most of them were previously described in various proteomic studies concerning AMD. Shootin-1, histatin-3, fidgetin-like protein 1, SRC kinase signaling inhibitor, Graves disease carrier protein, actin cytoplasmic 1, prolactin-inducible protein 1, and protein S100-A7A were upregulated in the tear film samples isolated from AMD patients and were not previously linked with this disease in any proteomic analysis. Conclusion The upregulated proteins supplement our current knowledge of AMD pathogenesis, providing evidence that certain specific proteins are expressed into the tear film in AMD. As far we are aware, this is the first study to have undertaken a comprehensive in-depth analysis of the human tear film proteome in AMD patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00417-018-3984-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Winiarczyk
- Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Stanisław Winiarczyk
- Department of Epizootiology, University of Life Sciences of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Łukasz Adaszek
- Department of Epizootiology, University of Life Sciences of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dagmara Winiarczyk
- Department of Epizootiology, University of Life Sciences of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jerzy Mackiewicz
- Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Singh M, Tyagi SC. Hyperhomocysteinemia and Age-related Macular Degeneration: Role of Inflammatory Mediators and Pyroptosis; A Proposal. Med Hypotheses 2017; 105:17-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
22
|
Colijn JM, Buitendijk GHS, Prokofyeva E, Alves D, Cachulo ML, Khawaja AP, Cougnard-Gregoire A, Merle BMJ, Korb C, Erke MG, Bron A, Anastasopoulos E, Meester-Smoor MA, Segato T, Piermarocchi S, de Jong PTVM, Vingerling JR, Topouzis F, Creuzot-Garcher C, Bertelsen G, Pfeiffer N, Fletcher AE, Foster PJ, Silva R, Korobelnik JF, Delcourt C, Klaver CCW. Prevalence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Europe: The Past and the Future. Ophthalmology 2017; 124:1753-1763. [PMID: 28712657 PMCID: PMC5755466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a frequent, complex disorder in elderly of European ancestry. Risk profiles and treatment options have changed considerably over the years, which may have affected disease prevalence and outcome. We determined the prevalence of early and late AMD in Europe from 1990 to 2013 using the European Eye Epidemiology (E3) consortium, and made projections for the future. Design Meta-analysis of prevalence data. Participants A total of 42 080 individuals 40 years of age and older participating in 14 population-based cohorts from 10 countries in Europe. Methods AMD was diagnosed based on fundus photographs using the Rotterdam Classification. Prevalence of early and late AMD was calculated using random-effects meta-analysis stratified for age, birth cohort, gender, geographic region, and time period of the study. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was compared between late AMD subtypes; geographic atrophy (GA) and choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Main Outcome Measures Prevalence of early and late AMD, BCVA, and number of AMD cases. Results Prevalence of early AMD increased from 3.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.1%–5.0%) in those aged 55–59 years to 17.6% (95% CI 13.6%–21.5%) in those aged ≥85 years; for late AMD these figures were 0.1% (95% CI 0.04%–0.3%) and 9.8% (95% CI 6.3%–13.3%), respectively. We observed a decreasing prevalence of late AMD after 2006, which became most prominent after age 70. Prevalences were similar for gender across all age groups except for late AMD in the oldest age category, and a trend was found showing a higher prevalence of CNV in Northern Europe. After 2006, fewer eyes and fewer ≥80-year-old subjects with CNV were visually impaired (P = 0.016). Projections of AMD showed an almost doubling of affected persons despite a decreasing prevalence. By 2040, the number of individuals in Europe with early AMD will range between 14.9 and 21.5 million, and for late AMD between 3.9 and 4.8 million. Conclusion We observed a decreasing prevalence of AMD and an improvement in visual acuity in CNV occuring over the past 2 decades in Europe. Healthier lifestyles and implementation of anti–vascular endothelial growth factor treatment are the most likely explanations. Nevertheless, the numbers of affected subjects will increase considerably in the next 2 decades. AMD continues to remain a significant public health problem among Europeans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Colijn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gabriëlle H S Buitendijk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elena Prokofyeva
- Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Brussels, Belgium; Federal Agency for Medicines and Health Products, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dalila Alves
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria L Cachulo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Ophthalmology, Coimbra Hospital and University Center (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal; Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anthony P Khawaja
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Audrey Cougnard-Gregoire
- University Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team LEHA, Bordeaux, France
| | - Bénédicte M J Merle
- University Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team LEHA, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christina Korb
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maja G Erke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alain Bron
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Dijon, France
| | | | - Magda A Meester-Smoor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tatiana Segato
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Paulus T V M de Jong
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Netherlands Institute of Neurosciences (NIN), Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Department of Ophthalmology, AMC, Amsterdam and LUMC, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Fotis Topouzis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Geir Bertelsen
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway/University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Astrid E Fletcher
- Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J Foster
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom; Integrative Epidemiology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rufino Silva
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Ophthalmology, Coimbra Hospital and University Center (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal; Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jean-François Korobelnik
- University Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team LEHA, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Ophtalmologie, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cécile Delcourt
- University Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team LEHA, Bordeaux, France
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Targeting the tight junction protein, zonula occludens-1, with the connexin43 mimetic peptide, αCT1, reduces VEGF-dependent RPE pathophysiology. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:535-552. [PMID: 28132078 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1506-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A critical target tissue in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which forms the outer blood-retina barrier (BRB). RPE-barrier dysfunction might result from attenuation/disruption of intercellular tight junctions. Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) is a major structural protein of intercellular junctions. A connexin43-based peptide mimetic, αCT1, was developed to competitively block interactions at the PDZ2 domain of ZO-1, thereby inhibiting ligands that selectively bind to this domain. We hypothesized that targeting ZO-1 signaling using αCT1 would maintain BRB integrity and reduce RPE pathophysiology by stabilizing gap- and/or tight-junctions. RPE-cell barrier dysfunction was generated in mice using laser photocoagulation triggering choroidal neovascularization (CNV) or bright light exposure leading to morphological damage. αCT1 was delivered via eye drops. αCT1 treatment reduced CNV development and fluid leakage as determined by optical coherence tomography, and damage was correlated with disruption in cellular integrity of surrounding RPE cells. Light damage significantly disrupted RPE cell morphology as determined by ZO-1 and occludin staining and tiling pattern analysis, which was prevented by αCT1 pre-treatment. In vitro experiments using RPE and MDCK monolayers indicated that αCT1 stabilizes tight junctions, independent of its effects on Cx43. Taken together, stabilization of intercellular junctions by αCT1 was effective in ameliorating RPE dysfunction in models of AMD-like pathology. KEY MESSAGE The connexin43 mimetic αCT1 accumulates in the mouse retinal pigment epithelium following topical delivery via eye drops. αCT1 eye drops prevented RPE-cell barrier dysfunction in two mouse models. αCT1 stabilizes intercellular tight junctions. Stabilization of cellular junctions via αCT1 may serve as a novel therapeutic approach for both wet and dry age-related macular degeneration.
Collapse
|
24
|
Chen M, Rajapakse D, Fraczek M, Luo C, Forrester JV, Xu H. Retinal pigment epithelial cell multinucleation in the aging eye - a mechanism to repair damage and maintain homoeostasis. Aging Cell 2016; 15:436-45. [PMID: 26875723 PMCID: PMC4854907 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are central to retinal health and homoeostasis. Dysfunction or death of RPE cells underlies many age-related retinal degenerative disorders particularly age-related macular degeneration. During aging RPE cells decline in number, suggesting an age-dependent cell loss. RPE cells are considered to be postmitotic, and how they repair damage during aging remains poorly defined. We show that RPE cells increase in size and become multinucleate during aging in C57BL/6J mice. Multinucleation appeared not to be due to cell fusion, but to incomplete cell division, that is failure of cytokinesis. Interestingly, the phagocytic activity of multinucleate RPE cells was not different from that of mononuclear RPE cells. Furthermore, exposure of RPE cells in vitro to photoreceptor outer segment (POS), particularly oxidized POS, dose-dependently promoted multinucleation and suppressed cell proliferation. Both failure of cytokinesis and suppression of proliferation required contact with POS. Exposure to POS also induced reactive oxygen species and DNA oxidation in RPE cells. We propose that RPE cells have the potential to proliferate in vivo and to repair defects in the monolayer. We further propose that the conventionally accepted 'postmitotic' status of RPE cells is due to a modified form of contact inhibition mediated by POS and that RPE cells are released from this state when contact with POS is lost. This is seen in long-standing rhegmatogenous retinal detachment as overtly proliferating RPE cells (proliferative vitreoretinopathy) and more subtly as multinucleation during normal aging. Age-related oxidative stress may promote failure of cytokinesis and multinucleation in RPE cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Chen
- Centre for Experimental Medicine; School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences; Queen's University Belfast; 97 Lisburn Road Belfast BT9 7 BL UK
| | - Dinusha Rajapakse
- Centre for Experimental Medicine; School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences; Queen's University Belfast; 97 Lisburn Road Belfast BT9 7 BL UK
| | - Monika Fraczek
- Section of Immunology and Infection; Division of Applied Medicine; School of Medicine and Dentistry; Institute of Medical Science; University of Aberdeen; Foresterhill Aberdeen AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Chang Luo
- Centre for Experimental Medicine; School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences; Queen's University Belfast; 97 Lisburn Road Belfast BT9 7 BL UK
| | - John V. Forrester
- Section of Immunology and Infection; Division of Applied Medicine; School of Medicine and Dentistry; Institute of Medical Science; University of Aberdeen; Foresterhill Aberdeen AB25 2ZD UK
- Ocular Immunology Program; Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science; The University of Western Australia; Perth WA 6009 Australia
- Centre for Experimental Immunology; Lions Eye Institute; Nedlands WA 6009 Australia
| | - Heping Xu
- Centre for Experimental Medicine; School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences; Queen's University Belfast; 97 Lisburn Road Belfast BT9 7 BL UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Du JD, Fong WK, Caliph S, Boyd BJ. Lipid-based drug delivery systems in the treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2016; 6:781-792. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-016-0299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
26
|
Jones BW, Pfeiffer RL, Ferrell WD, Watt CB, Tucker J, Marc RE. Retinal Remodeling and Metabolic Alterations in Human AMD. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:103. [PMID: 27199657 PMCID: PMC4848316 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive retinal degeneration resulting in central visual field loss, ultimately causing debilitating blindness. AMD affects 18% of Americans from 65 to 74, 30% older than 74 years of age and is the leading cause of severe vision loss and blindness in Western populations. While many genetic and environmental risk factors are known for AMD, we currently know less about the mechanisms mediating disease progression. The pathways and mechanisms through which genetic and non-genetic risk factors modulate development of AMD pathogenesis remain largely unexplored. Moreover, current treatment for AMD is palliative and limited to wet/exudative forms. Retina is a complex, heterocellular tissue and most retinal cell classes are impacted or altered in AMD. Defining disease and stage-specific cytoarchitectural and metabolic responses in AMD is critical for highlighting targets for intervention. The goal of this article is to illustrate cell types impacted in AMD and demonstrate the implications of those changes, likely beginning in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), for remodeling of the the neural retina. Tracking heterocellular responses in disease progression is best achieved with computational molecular phenotyping (CMP), a tool that enables acquisition of a small molecule fingerprint for every cell in the retina. CMP uncovered critical cellular and molecular pathologies (remodeling and reprogramming) in progressive retinal degenerations such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP). We now applied these approaches to normal human and AMD tissues mapping progression of cellular and molecular changes in AMD retinas, including late-stage forms of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan W Jones
- Department of Ophthalmology, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Rebecca L Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Moran Eye Center, University of UtahSalt Lake City, UT, USA; Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of UtahSalt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - William D Ferrell
- Department of Ophthalmology, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Carl B Watt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - James Tucker
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Davis Davis, CA, USA
| | - Robert E Marc
- Department of Ophthalmology, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fisher DE, Ward MM, Hoffman HJ, Li CM, Cotch MF. Impact of Sensory Impairments on Functional Disability in Adults With Arthritis. Am J Prev Med 2016; 50:454-462. [PMID: 26410186 PMCID: PMC4801663 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mobility is reduced in people with sensory impairments and those with arthritis. The combined impact of these conditions may be underappreciated. This study examines the associations between impairments in vision, hearing, and balance and functional ability in adults with versus without arthritis. METHODS Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 1999-2004, arthritis status, functional ability, and sensory impairments (vision, hearing, and balance) were assessed from self-reported responses by 6,654 individuals aged ≥50 years (mean age, 63.4 years; 46.3% male). Multivariable regression analyses, conducted in 2014, assessed the associations between sensory impairment and arthritis on functional ability and mobility. RESULTS Among study participants, 41.8% reported having arthritis; of these, 27.1%, 44.9%, and 35.1% reported impaired vision, hearing, or balance, respectively. Having multiple sensory impairments was significantly associated with reduced functional ability in people with arthritis; individuals with three sensory impairments reported the highest levels of disability for all functional domains (compared with no impairment; lower extremity mobility, 80.2% vs 39.1%; general physical activities, 94.7% vs 75.9%; activities of daily living, 69.7% vs 27.2%; instrumental activities of daily living, 77.2% vs 37.4%; leisure and social activities, 66.3% vs 30.6%; impaired gait speed, 48.1% vs 16.3%; all p<0.001). Importantly, visual deficits, in combination with arthritis, had the greatest impact on mobility, with odds of impaired mobility at least twice as high as for individuals without arthritis. CONCLUSIONS Addressing sensory deficits, especially difficulties with vision, may improve functional ability, which may be particularly helpful for adults with arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana E Fisher
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, Intramural Research Program, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Michael M Ward
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Howard J Hoffman
- Epidemiology and Statistics Program, Division of Scientific Programs, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chuan-Ming Li
- Epidemiology and Statistics Program, Division of Scientific Programs, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mary Frances Cotch
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, Intramural Research Program, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pappas D, Hollenbach J, Coleman AL, Gorin MB, Yu F, Williams K, Noble J, Tranah GJ. HLA class II genotypes are not associated with age related macular degeneration in a case-control, population-based study. Hum Immunol 2015; 76:142-5. [PMID: 25665771 PMCID: PMC4476503 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence support an immunologic basis and genetic disposition for the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Comprehensive human leukocyte antigens (HLA) class II typing at four loci (DRB1, DQA1, DQB1, and DPB1) was assessed using next generation sequencing methods and tested for association with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in a case-control study of 456 AMD cases and 499 controls from the population-based Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) cohort. No statistically significant associations were identified for any of the class II loci and a previously identified association between DRB1*13:01 was not replicated in this dataset. These results reported here suggest that common HLA class II genetic variation does not contribute to AMD disease risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek Pappas
- Children's Hospital of Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Jill Hollenbach
- Children's Hospital of Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Anne L Coleman
- Jules Stein Eye Institute and the UCLA Department of Ophthalmology, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael B Gorin
- Jules Stein Eye Institute and the UCLA Department of Ophthalmology, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Fe Yu
- Jules Stein Eye Institute and the UCLA Department of Ophthalmology, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Janelle Noble
- Children's Hospital of Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Gregory J Tranah
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
The unfolded protein response in retinal vascular diseases: implications and therapeutic potential beyond protein folding. Prog Retin Eye Res 2014; 45:111-31. [PMID: 25529848 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a complex, step-wise process of new vessel formation that is involved in both normal embryonic development as well as postnatal pathological processes, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Aberrant blood vessel growth, also known as neovascularization, in the retina and the choroid is a major cause of vision loss in severe eye diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinopathy of prematurity, and central and branch retinal vein occlusion. Yet, retinal neovascularization is causally and dynamically associated with vasodegeneration, ischemia, and vascular remodeling in retinal tissues. Understanding the mechanisms of retinal neovascularization is an urgent unmet need for developing new treatments for these devastating diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests a vital role for the unfolded protein response (UPR) in regulation of angiogenesis, in part through coordinating the secretion of pro-angiogenic growth factors, such as VEGF, and modulating endothelial cell survival and activity. Herein, we summarize current research in the context of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and UPR signaling in retinal angiogenesis and vascular remodeling, highlighting potential implications of targeting these stress response pathways in the prevention and treatment of retinal vascular diseases that result in visual deficits and blindness.
Collapse
|
30
|
Age-related macular degeneration: insights into inflammatory genes. J Ophthalmol 2014; 2014:582842. [PMID: 25478207 PMCID: PMC4247975 DOI: 10.1155/2014/582842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects approximately 8.7% of elderly people worldwide (>55 years old). AMD is characterized by a multifactorial aetiology that involves several genetic and environmental risk factors (genes, ageing, smoking, family history, dietary habits, oxidative stress, and hypertension). In particular, ageing and cigarette smoking (including oxidative compounds and reactive oxygen species) have been shown to significantly increase susceptibility to the disease. Furthermore, different genes (CFH, CFI, C2, C3, IL-6, IL-8, and ARMS2) that play a crucial role in the inflammatory pathway have been associated with AMD risk. Several genetic and molecular studies have indicated the participation of inflammatory molecules (cytokines and chemokines), immune cells (macrophages), and complement proteins in the development and progression of the disease. Taking into consideration the genetic and molecular background, this review highlights the genetic role of inflammatory genes involved in AMD pathogenesis and progression.
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang J, Zhao J, Bai Y, Huang L, Yu W, Li X. Effects of p75 neurotrophin receptor on regulating hypoxia-induced angiogenic factors in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 398:123-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2212-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|