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Sun L, Walls SA, Dang H, Quinney NL, Sears PR, Sadritabrizi T, Hasegawa K, Okuda K, Asakura T, Chang X, Zheng M, Mikami Y, Dizmond FU, Danilova D, Zhou L, Deshmukh A, Cholon DM, Radicioni G, Rogers TD, Kissner WJ, Markovetz MR, Guhr Lee TN, Gutay MI, Esther CR, Chua M, Grubb BR, Ehre C, Kesimer M, Hill DB, Ostrowski LE, Button B, Gentzsch M, Robinson C, Olivier KN, Freeman AF, Randell SH, O'Neal WK, Boucher RC, Chen G. Dysregulated Airway Host Defense in Hyper IgE Syndrome due to STAT3 Mutations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.14.607930. [PMID: 39211176 PMCID: PMC11361074 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.14.607930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Rationale Hyper IgE syndrome (STAT3-HIES), also known as Job's syndrome, is a rare immunodeficiency disease typically caused by dominant-negative STAT3 mutations. STAT3-HIES syndrome is characterized by chronic pulmonary infection and inflammation, suggesting impairment of pulmonary innate host defense. Objectives To identify airway epithelial host defense defects consequent to STAT3 mutations that, in addition to reported mutant STAT3 immunologic abnormalities, produce pulmonary infection. Methods STAT3-HIES sputum was evaluated for biochemical/biophysical properties. STAT3-HIES excised lungs were harvested for histology; bronchial brush samples were collected for RNA sequencing and in vitro culture. A STAT3-HIES-specific mutation (R382W), expressed by lentiviruses, and a STAT3 knockout, generated by CRISPR/Cas9, were maintained in normal human bronchial epithelia under basal or inflammatory (IL1β) conditions. Effects of STAT3 deficiency on transcriptomics, and epithelial ion channel, secretory, antimicrobial, and ciliary functions were assessed. Measurements and Main Results Mucus concentrations and viscoelasticity were increased in STAT3-HIES sputum. STAT3-HIES excised lungs exhibited mucus obstruction and elevated IL1β expression. STAT3 deficiency impaired CFTR-dependent fluid and mucin secretion, inhibited expression of antimicrobial peptides, cytokines, and chemokines, and acidified airway surface liquid at baseline and post-IL1β exposure in vitro. Notably, mutant STAT3 suppressed IL1R1 expression. STAT3 mutations also inhibited ciliogenesis in vivo and impaired mucociliary transport in vitro, a process mediated via HES6 suppression. Administration of a γ-secretase inhibitor increased HES6 expression and improved ciliogenesis in STAT3 R382W mutant cells. Conclusions STAT3 dysfunction leads to multi-component defects in airway epithelial innate defense, which, in conjunction with STAT3-HIES immune deficiency, contributes to chronic pulmonary infection.
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Ndongo Sonfack DJ, Tanguay Boivin C, Touzel Deschênes L, Maurand T, Maguemoun C, Berthod F, Gros-Louis F, Champagne PO. Bioengineering Human Upper Respiratory Mucosa: A Systematic Review of the State of the Art of Cell Culture Techniques. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:826. [PMID: 39199784 PMCID: PMC11352167 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11080826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The upper respiratory mucosa plays a crucial role in both the physical integrity and immunological function of the respiratory tract. However, in certain situations such as infections, trauma, or surgery, it might sustain damage. Tissue engineering, a field of regenerative medicine, has found applications in various medical fields including but not limited to plastic surgery, ophthalmology, and urology. However, its application to the respiratory system remains somewhat difficult due to the complex morphology and histology of the upper respiratory tract. To date, a culture protocol for producing a handleable, well-differentiated nasal mucosa has yet to be developed. The objective of this review is to describe the current state of research pertaining to cell culture techniques used for producing autologous healthy human upper respiratory cells and mucosal tissues, as well as describe its clinical applications. METHODS A search of the relevant literature was carried out with no time restriction across Embase, Cochrane, PubMed, and Medline Ovid databases. Keywords related to "respiratory mucosa" and "culture techniques of the human airway" were the focus of the search strategy for this review. The risk of bias in retained studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) critical appraisal tools for qualitative research. A narrative synthesis of our results was then conducted. RESULTS A total of 33 studies were included in this review, and thirteen of these focused solely on developing a cell culture protocol without further use. The rest of the studies used their own developed protocol for various applications such as cystic fibrosis, pharmacological, and viral research. One study was able to develop a promising model for nasal mucosa that could be employed as a replacement in nasotracheal reconstructive surgery. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review extensively explored the current state of research regarding cell culture techniques for producing tissue-engineered nasal mucosa. Bioengineering the nasal mucosa holds great potential for clinical use. However, further research on mechanical properties is essential, as the comparison of engineered tissues is currently focused on morphology rather than comprehensive mechanical assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davaine Joel Ndongo Sonfack
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.T.B.); (T.M.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (F.G.-L.); (P.-O.C.)
- LOEX, CHU de Québec—Laval University Research Center, Quebec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada;
- Laval University Neurosurgery Innovation Laboratory (LINUL), Quebec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Clémence Tanguay Boivin
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.T.B.); (T.M.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (F.G.-L.); (P.-O.C.)
| | - Lydia Touzel Deschênes
- LOEX, CHU de Québec—Laval University Research Center, Quebec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada;
- Laval University Neurosurgery Innovation Laboratory (LINUL), Quebec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
| | - Thibault Maurand
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.T.B.); (T.M.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (F.G.-L.); (P.-O.C.)
| | - Célina Maguemoun
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.T.B.); (T.M.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (F.G.-L.); (P.-O.C.)
| | - François Berthod
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.T.B.); (T.M.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (F.G.-L.); (P.-O.C.)
- LOEX, CHU de Québec—Laval University Research Center, Quebec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada;
| | - François Gros-Louis
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.T.B.); (T.M.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (F.G.-L.); (P.-O.C.)
- LOEX, CHU de Québec—Laval University Research Center, Quebec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada;
| | - Pierre-Olivier Champagne
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.T.B.); (T.M.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (F.G.-L.); (P.-O.C.)
- LOEX, CHU de Québec—Laval University Research Center, Quebec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada;
- Laval University Neurosurgery Innovation Laboratory (LINUL), Quebec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Li Z, Barnaby R, Nymon A, Roche C, Koeppen K, Ashare A, Hogan DA, Gerber SA, Taatjes DJ, Hampton TH, Stanton BA. P. aeruginosa tRNA-fMet halves secreted in outer membrane vesicles suppress lung inflammation in cystic fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L574-L588. [PMID: 38440830 PMCID: PMC11380944 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00018.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Although tobramycin increases lung function in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF), the density of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) in the lungs is only modestly reduced by tobramycin; hence, the mechanism whereby tobramycin improves lung function is not completely understood. Here, we demonstrate that tobramycin increases 5' tRNA-fMet halves in outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) secreted by laboratory and CF clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. The 5' tRNA-fMet halves are transferred from OMVs into primary CF human bronchial epithelial cells (CF-HBEC), decreasing OMV-induced IL-8 and IP-10 secretion. In mouse lungs, increased expression of the 5' tRNA-fMet halves in OMVs attenuated KC (murine homolog of IL-8) secretion and neutrophil recruitment. Furthermore, there was less IL-8 and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid isolated from pwCF during the period of exposure to tobramycin versus the period off tobramycin. In conclusion, we have shown in mice and in vitro studies on CF-HBEC that tobramycin reduces inflammation by increasing 5' tRNA-fMet halves in OMVs that are delivered to CF-HBEC and reduce IL-8 and neutrophilic airway inflammation. This effect is predicted to improve lung function in pwCF receiving tobramycin for P. aeruginosa infection.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The experiments in this report identify a novel mechanism, whereby tobramycin reduces inflammation in two models of CF. Tobramycin increased the secretion of tRNA-fMet halves in OMVs secreted by P. aeruginosa, which reduced the OMV-LPS-induced inflammatory response in primary cultures of CF-HBEC and in mouse lung, an effect predicted to reduce lung damage in pwCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyou Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Roxanna Barnaby
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Amanda Nymon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Carolyn Roche
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Katja Koeppen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Alix Ashare
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dartmouth Health Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Deborah A Hogan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Scott A Gerber
- Dartmouth Health Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Douglas J Taatjes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Biomedical Shared Resources, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States
| | - Thomas H Hampton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Bruce A Stanton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
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Lee RE, Mascenik TM, Major SC, Galiger JR, Bulik-Sullivan E, Siesser PF, Lewis CA, Bear JE, Le Suer JA, Hawkins FJ, Pickles RJ, Randell SH. Viral airway injury promotes cell engraftment in an in vitro model of cystic fibrosis cell therapy. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L226-L238. [PMID: 38150545 PMCID: PMC11280688 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00421.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy is a potential treatment for cystic fibrosis (CF). However, cell engraftment into the airway epithelium is challenging. Here, we model cell engraftment in vitro using the air-liquid interface (ALI) culture system by injuring well-differentiated CF ALI cultures and delivering non-CF cells at the time of peak injury. Engraftment efficiency was quantified by measuring chimerism by droplet digital PCR and functional ion transport in Ussing chambers. Using this model, we found that human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) engraft more efficiently when they are cultured by conditionally reprogrammed cell (CRC) culture methods. Cell engraftment into the airway epithelium requires airway injury, but the extent of injury needed is unknown. We compared three injury models and determined that severe injury with partial epithelial denudation facilitates long-term cell engraftment and functional CFTR recovery up to 20% of wildtype function. The airway epithelium promptly regenerates in response to injury, creating competition for space and posing a barrier to effective engraftment. We examined competition dynamics by time-lapse confocal imaging and found that delivered cells accelerate airway regeneration by incorporating into the epithelium. Irradiating the repairing epithelium granted engrafting cells a competitive advantage by diminishing resident stem cell proliferation. Intentionally, causing severe injury to the lungs of people with CF would be dangerous. However, naturally occurring events like viral infection can induce similar epithelial damage with patches of denuded epithelium. We found that viral preconditioning promoted effective engraftment of cells primed for viral resistance.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Cell therapy is a potential treatment for cystic fibrosis (CF). Here, we model cell engraftment by injuring CF air-liquid interface cultures and delivering non-CF cells. Successful engraftment required severe epithelial injury. Intentionally injuring the lungs to this extent would be dangerous. However, naturally occurring events like viral infection induce similar epithelial damage. We found that viral preconditioning promoted the engraftment of cells primed for viral resistance leading to CFTR functional recovery to 20% of the wildtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhianna E Lee
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Teresa M Mascenik
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Sidra C Major
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Jacob R Galiger
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Emily Bulik-Sullivan
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Priscila F Siesser
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Catherine A Lewis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - James E Bear
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Jake A Le Suer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Medicine, The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Finn J Hawkins
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Medicine, The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Raymond J Pickles
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Scott H Randell
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
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Lee-Ferris RE, Okuda K, Galiger JR, Schworer SA, Rogers TD, Dang H, Gilmore R, Edwards C, Nakano S, Cawley AM, Pickles RJ, Gallant SC, Crisci E, Rivier L, Hagood JS, O'Neal WK, Baric RS, Grubb BR, Boucher RC, Randell SH. Prolonged airway explant culture enables study of health, disease, and viral pathogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.03.578756. [PMID: 38370820 PMCID: PMC10871200 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.03.578756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
In vitro models play a major role in studying airway physiology and disease. However, the native lung's complex tissue architecture and non-epithelial cell lineages are not preserved in these models. Ex vivo tissue models could overcome in vitro limitations, but methods for long-term maintenance of ex vivo tissue has not been established. We describe methods to culture human large airway explants, small airway explants, and precision-cut lung slices for at least 14 days. Human airway explants recapitulate genotype-specific electrophysiology, characteristic epithelial, endothelial, stromal and immune cell populations, and model viral infection after 14 days in culture. These methods also maintain mouse, rabbit, and pig tracheal explants. Notably, intact airway tissue can be cryopreserved, thawed, and used to generate explants with recovery of function 14 days post-thaw. These studies highlight the broad applications of airway tissue explants and their use as translational intermediates between in vitro and in vivo studies.
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6
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Li Z, Barnaby R, Nymon A, Roche C, Koeppen K, Ashare A, Hogan DA, Gerber SA, Taatjes DJ, Hampton TH, Stanton BA. P. aeruginosa tRNA-fMet halves secreted in outer membrane vesicles suppress lung inflammation in Cystic Fibrosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.03.578737. [PMID: 38352468 PMCID: PMC10862835 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.03.578737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Although tobramycin increases lung function in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF), the density of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) in the lungs is only modestly reduced by tobramycin; hence, the mechanism whereby tobramycin improves lung function is not completely understood. Here, we demonstrate that tobramycin increases 5' tRNA-fMet halves in outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) secreted by laboratory and CF clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa . The 5' tRNA-fMet halves are transferred from OMVs into primary CF human bronchial epithelial cells (CF-HBEC), decreasing OMV-induced IL-8 and IP-10 secretion. In mouse lung, increased expression of the 5' tRNA-fMet halves in OMVs attenuated KC secretion and neutrophil recruitment. Furthermore, there was less IL-8 and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid isolated from pwCF during the period of exposure to tobramycin versus the period off tobramycin. In conclusion, we have shown in mice and in vitro studies on CF-HBEC that tobramycin reduces inflammation by increasing 5' tRNA-fMet halves in OMVs that are delivered to CF-HBEC and reduce IL-8 and neutrophilic airway inflammation. This effect is predicted to improve lung function in pwCF receiving tobramycin for P. aeruginosa infection. New and noteworthy The experiments in this report identify a novel mechanim whereby tobramycin reduces inflammation in two models of CF. Tobramycin increased the secretion of tRNA-fMet haves in OMVs secreted by P. aeruginiosa , which reduced the OMV-LPS induced inflammatory response in primary cultures of CF-HBEC and in mouse lung, an effect predicted to reduce lung damage in pwCF. Graphical abstract The anti-inflammatory effect of tobramycin mediated by 5' tRNA-fMet halves secreted in P. aeruginosa OMVs. (A) P. aeruginosa colonizes the CF lungs and secrets OMVs. OMVs diffuse through the mucus layer overlying bronchial epithelial cells and induce IL-8 secretion, which recruits neutrophils that causes lung damage. ( B ) Tobramycin increases 5' tRNA-fMet halves in OMVs secreted by P. aeruginosa . 5' tRNA-fMet halves are delivered into host cells after OMVs fuse with lipid rafts in CF-HBEC and down-regulate protein expression of MAPK10, IKBKG, and EP300, which suppresses IL-8 secretion and neutrophils in the lungs. A reduction in neutrophils in CF BALF is predicted to improve lung function and decrease lung damage.
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7
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Mallek NM, Martin EM, Dailey LA, McCullough SD. Liquid application dosing alters the physiology of air-liquid interface (ALI) primary human bronchial epithelial cell/lung fibroblast co-cultures and in vitro testing relevant endpoints. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2024; 5:1264331. [PMID: 38464699 PMCID: PMC10922929 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1264331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Differentiated primary human bronchial epithelial cell (dpHBEC) cultures grown under air-liquid interface (ALI) conditions exhibit key features of the human respiratory tract and are thus critical for respiratory research as well as efficacy and toxicity testing of inhaled substances (e.g., consumer products, industrial chemicals, and pharmaceuticals). Many inhalable substances (e.g., particles, aerosols, hydrophobic substances, reactive substances) have physiochemical properties that challenge their evaluation under ALI conditions in vitro. Evaluation of the effects of these methodologically challenging chemicals (MCCs) in vitro is typically conducted by "liquid application," involving the direct application of a solution containing the test substance to the apical, air-exposed surface of dpHBEC-ALI cultures. We report that the application of liquid to the apical surface of a dpHBEC-ALI co-culture model results in significant reprogramming of the dpHBEC transcriptome and biological pathway activity, alternative regulation of cellular signaling pathways, increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors, and decreased epithelial barrier integrity. Given the prevalence of liquid application in the delivery of test substances to ALI systems, understanding its effects provides critical infrastructure for the use of in vitro systems in respiratory research as well as in the safety and efficacy testing of inhalable substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M. Mallek
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Martin
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Lisa A. Dailey
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Shaun D. McCullough
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Exposure and Protection, RTI International, Durham, NC, United States
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Oliver KE, Carlon MS, Pedemonte N, Lopes-Pacheco M. The revolution of personalized pharmacotherapies for cystic fibrosis: what does the future hold? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:1545-1565. [PMID: 37379072 PMCID: PMC10528905 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2230129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cystic fibrosis (CF), a potentially fatal genetic disease, is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding for the CFTR chloride/bicarbonate channel. Modulator drugs rescuing mutant CFTR traffic and function are now in the clinic, providing unprecedented breakthrough therapies for people with CF (PwCF) carrying specific genotypes. However, several CFTR variants are unresponsive to these therapies. AREA COVERED We discussed several therapeutic approaches that are under development to tackle the fundamental cause of CF, including strategies targeting defective CFTR mRNA and/or protein expression and function. Alternatively, defective chloride secretion and dehydration in CF epithelia could be restored by exploiting pharmacological modulation of alternative targets, i.e., ion channels/transporters that concur with CFTR to maintain the airway surface liquid homeostasis (e.g., ENaC, TMEM16A, SLC26A4, SLC26A9, and ATP12A). Finally, we assessed progress and challenges in the development of gene-based therapies to replace or correct the mutant CFTR gene. EXPERT OPINION CFTR modulators are benefiting many PwCF responsive to these drugs, yielding substantial improvements in various clinical outcomes. Meanwhile, the CF therapy development pipeline continues to expand with the development of novel CFTR modulators and alternative therapeutic strategies with the ultimate goal of providing effective therapies for all PwCF in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E. Oliver
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marianne S. Carlon
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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9
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Lee RE, Reidel B, Nelson MR, Macdonald JK, Kesimer M, Randell SH. Air-Liquid interface cultures to model drug delivery through the mucociliary epithelial barrier. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 198:114866. [PMID: 37196698 PMCID: PMC10336980 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial cells from mucociliary portions of the airways can be readily grown and expanded in vitro. When grown on a porous membrane at an air-liquid interface (ALI) the cells form a confluent, electrically resistive barrier separating the apical and basolateral compartments. ALI cultures replicate key morphological, molecular and functional features of the in vivo epithelium, including mucus secretion and mucociliary transport. Apical secretions contain secreted gel-forming mucins, shed cell-associated tethered mucins, and hundreds of additional molecules involved in host defense and homeostasis. The respiratory epithelial cell ALI model is a time-proven workhorse that has been employed in various studies elucidating the structure and function of the mucociliary apparatus and disease pathogenesis. It serves as a critical milestone test for small molecule and genetic therapies targeting airway diseases. To fully exploit the potential of this important tool, numerous technical variables must be thoughtfully considered and carefully executed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhianna E Lee
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, United States; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, United States
| | - Boris Reidel
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, United States; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Mark R Nelson
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, United States
| | - Jade K Macdonald
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, United States
| | - Mehmet Kesimer
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, United States; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Scott H Randell
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, United States; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, United States.
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10
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Ramalho AS, Amato F, Gentzsch M. Patient-derived cell models for personalized medicine approaches in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2023; 22 Suppl 1:S32-S38. [PMID: 36529661 PMCID: PMC9992303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel that perturb anion transport across the epithelia of the airways and other organs. To treat cystic fibrosis, strategies that target mutant CFTR have been developed such as correctors that rescue folding and enhance transfer of CFTR to the apical membrane, and potentiators that increase CFTR channel activity. While there has been tremendous progress in development and approval of CFTR therapeutics for the most common (F508del) and several other CFTR mutations, around 10-20% of people with cystic fibrosis have rare mutations that are still without an effective treatment. In the current decade, there was an impressive evolution of patient-derived cell models for precision medicine. In cystic fibrosis, these models have played a crucial role in characterizing the molecular defects in CFTR mutants and identifying compounds that target these defects. Cells from nasal, bronchial, and rectal epithelia are most suitable to evaluate treatments that target CFTR. In vitro assays using cultures grown at an air-liquid interface or as organoids and spheroids allow the diagnosis of the CFTR defect and assessment of potential treatment strategies. An overview of currently established cell culture models and assays for personalized medicine approaches in cystic fibrosis will be provided in this review. These models allow theratyping of rare CFTR mutations with available modulator compounds to predict clinical efficacy. Besides evaluation of individual personalized responses to CFTR therapeutics, patient-derived culture models are valuable for testing responses to developmental treatments such as novel RNA- and DNA-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela S Ramalho
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Felice Amato
- Department Of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies and CE.IN.GE - Biotecnologie Avanzate, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Gentzsch
- Marsico Lung Institute - Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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11
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Xu H, Pan G, Wang J. Repairing Mechanisms for Distal Airway Injuries and Related Targeted Therapeutics for Chronic Lung Diseases. Cell Transplant 2023; 32:9636897231196489. [PMID: 37698245 PMCID: PMC10498699 DOI: 10.1177/09636897231196489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), involve progressive and irreversible destruction and pathogenic remodeling of airways and have become the leading health care burden worldwide. Pulmonary tissue has extensive capacities to launch injury-responsive repairing programs (IRRPs) to replace the damaged or dead cells upon acute lung injuries. However, the IRRPs are frequently compromised in chronic lung diseases. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of somatic stem cell subpopulations within distal airway epithelium and the underlying mechanisms mediating their self-renewal and trans-differentiation under both physiological and pathological circumstances. We also compared the differences between humans and mice on distal airway structure and stem cell composition. At last, we reviewed the current status and future directions for the development of targeted therapeutics on defective distal airway regeneration and repairment in chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huahua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihong Pan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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12
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Gautam LK, Harriott NC, Caceres AM, Ryan AL. Basic Science Perspective on Engineering and Modeling the Large Airways. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1413:73-106. [PMID: 37195527 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26625-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The airway epithelium provides a physical and biochemical barrier playing a key role in protecting the lung from infiltration of pathogens and irritants and is, therefore, crucial in maintaining tissue homeostasis and regulating innate immunity. Due to continual inspiration and expiration of air during breathing, the epithelium is exposed to a plethora of environmental insults. When severe or persistent, these insults lead to inflammation and infection. The effectiveness of the epithelium as a barrier is reliant upon its capacity for mucociliary clearance, immune surveillance, and regeneration upon injury. These functions are accomplished by the cells that comprise the airway epithelium and the niche in which they reside. Engineering of new physiological and pathological models of the proximal airways requires the generation of complex structures comprising the surface airway epithelium, submucosal gland epithelium, extracellular matrix, and niche cells, including smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells. This chapter focuses on the structure-function relationships in the airways and the challenges of developing complex engineered models of the human airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit K Gautam
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Noa C Harriott
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Adrian M Caceres
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Amy L Ryan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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13
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Burkhanova U, Harris A, Leir SH. Enhancement of airway epithelial cell differentiation by pulmonary endothelial cell co-culture. Stem Cell Res 2022; 65:102967. [PMID: 36395690 PMCID: PMC9790179 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2022.102967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-talk between lung epithelial cells and their microenvironment has an important physiological role in development. Using an in vitro model of differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to air-liquid interface (ALI)-cultured lung epithelial cells, we investigated the contribution of the microenvironment to maintenance of the lung progenitor cell state. Our protocol modeled in vivo cell-to-matrix and cell-to-cell interactions. These included growth of iPSCs on inserts coated with different basement membrane proteins (collagen I, IV, fibronectin, heparan sulfate or Matrigel plus collagen IV) and co-culture with human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs). Marker gene expression was measured by RT-qPCR and protein expression and localization was confirmed by immunocytochemistry. The results showed that iPSCs grown on collagen IV had the highest success rate in terms of differentiation to robust ALI-cultured lung epithelial cells, followed by fibronectin, collagen I and heparan sulfate. Coating with Matrigel mixed with collagen IV further increased the success rate to > 97 %. Co-culture of iPSCs with HPMECs enhanced the expression of key airway lineage markers (NKX2.1, KRT5, TP63, MUC5AC, MUC16, FOXJ1, CFTR and SCGB1A1) during ALI culture. Cross-talk between iPSCs and their microenvironment during cell differentiation had a significant effect on lung epithelial cell differentiation in these 3D in vitro models. Both matrix proteins and endothelial cells play critical roles in the differentiation of lung progenitor cells.
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14
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The CFTR Amplifier Nesolicaftor Rescues TGF-β1 Inhibition of Modulator-Corrected F508del CFTR Function. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810956. [PMID: 36142862 PMCID: PMC9504033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly effective cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators have led to dramatic improvements in lung function in many people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF). However, the efficacy of CFTR modulators may be hindered by persistent airway inflammation. The cytokine transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) is associated with worse pulmonary disease in PwCF and can diminish modulator efficacy. Thus, strategies to augment the CFTR response to modulators in an inflammatory environment are needed. Here, we tested whether the CFTR amplifier nesolicaftor (or PTI-428) could rescue the effects of TGF-β1 on CFTR function and ciliary beating in primary human CF bronchial epithelial (CFBE) cells. CFBE cells homozygous for F508del were treated with the combination of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) and TGF-β1 in the presence and absence of nesolicaftor. Nesolicaftor augmented the F508del CFTR response to ETI and reversed TGF-β1-induced reductions in CFTR conductance by increasing the expression of CFTR mRNA. Nesolicaftor further rescued the reduced ciliary beating and increased expression of the cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 caused by TGF-β1. Finally, nesolicaftor augmented the F508del CFTR response to ETI in CFBE cells overexpressing miR-145, a negative regulator of CFTR expression. Thus, CFTR amplifiers, but only when used with highly effective modulators, may provide benefit in an inflamed environment.
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15
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Lee RE, Lewis CA, He L, Bulik-Sullivan EC, Gallant SC, Mascenik TM, Dang H, Cholon DM, Gentzsch M, Morton LC, Minges JT, Theile JW, Castle NA, Knowles MR, Kimple AJ, Randell SH. Small molecule eRF3a degraders rescue CFTR nonsense mutations by promoting premature termination codon readthrough. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:154571. [PMID: 35900863 PMCID: PMC9479597 DOI: 10.1172/jci154571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of people with cystic fibrosis (CF) are now eligible for CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR) modulator therapy. The remaining individuals with CF harbor premature termination codons (PTCs) or rare CFTR variants with limited treatment options. Although the clinical modulator response can be reliably predicted using primary airway epithelial cells, primary cells carrying rare CFTR variants are scarce. To overcome this obstacle, cell lines can be created by overexpression of mouse Bmi-1 and human TERT (hTERT). Using this approach, we developed 2 non-CF and 6 CF airway epithelial cell lines, 3 of which were homozygous for the W1282X PTC variant. The Bmi-1/hTERT cell lines recapitulated primary cell morphology and ion transport function. The 2 F508del-CFTR cell lines responded robustly to CFTR modulators, which was mirrored in the parent primary cells and in the cell donors’ clinical response. Cereblon E3 ligase modulators targeting eukaryotic release factor 3a (eRF3a) rescued W1282X-CFTR function to approximately 20% of WT levels and, when paired with G418, rescued G542X-CFTR function to approximately 50% of WT levels. Intriguingly, eRF3a degraders also diminished epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) function. These studies demonstrate that Bmi-1/hTERT cell lines faithfully mirrored primary cell responses to CFTR modulators and illustrate a therapeutic approach to rescue CFTR nonsense mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhianna E Lee
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Catherine A Lewis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Lihua He
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Emily C Bulik-Sullivan
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Samuel C Gallant
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Teresa M Mascenik
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Hong Dang
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Deborah M Cholon
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Martina Gentzsch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Lisa C Morton
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - John T Minges
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | | | - Neil A Castle
- Research and Development, Icagen, Durham, United States of America
| | - Michael R Knowles
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Adam J Kimple
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Scott H Randell
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
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16
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Cholon DM, Gentzsch M. Established and novel human translational models to advance cystic fibrosis research, drug discovery, and optimize CFTR-targeting therapeutics. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 64:102210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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17
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Saint-Criq V, Guequén A, Philp AR, Villanueva S, Apablaza T, Fernández-Moncada I, Mansilla A, Delpiano L, Ruminot I, Carrasco C, Gray MA, Flores CA. Inhibition of the sodium-dependent HCO 3- transporter SLC4A4, produces a cystic fibrosis-like airway disease phenotype. eLife 2022; 11:e75871. [PMID: 35635440 PMCID: PMC9173743 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bicarbonate secretion is a fundamental process involved in maintaining acid-base homeostasis. Disruption of bicarbonate entry into airway lumen, as has been observed in cystic fibrosis, produces several defects in lung function due to thick mucus accumulation. Bicarbonate is critical for correct mucin deployment and there is increasing interest in understanding its role in airway physiology, particularly in the initiation of lung disease in children affected by cystic fibrosis, in the absence of detectable bacterial infection. The current model of anion secretion in mammalian airways consists of CFTR and TMEM16A as apical anion exit channels, with limited capacity for bicarbonate transport compared to chloride. However, both channels can couple to SLC26A4 anion exchanger to maximise bicarbonate secretion. Nevertheless, current models lack any details about the identity of the basolateral protein(s) responsible for bicarbonate uptake into airway epithelial cells. We report herein that the electrogenic, sodium-dependent, bicarbonate cotransporter, SLC4A4, is expressed in the basolateral membrane of human and mouse airways, and that it's pharmacological inhibition or genetic silencing reduces bicarbonate secretion. In fully differentiated primary human airway cells cultures, SLC4A4 inhibition induced an acidification of the airways surface liquid and markedly reduced the capacity of cells to recover from an acid load. Studies in the Slc4a4-null mice revealed a previously unreported lung phenotype, characterized by mucus accumulation and reduced mucociliary clearance. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the reduction of SLC4A4 function induced a CF-like phenotype, even when chloride secretion remained intact, highlighting the important role SLC4A4 plays in bicarbonate secretion and mammalian airway function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinciane Saint-Criq
- Biosciences Institute, The Medical School, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Anita Guequén
- Centro de Estudios CientíficosValdiviaChile
- Universidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
| | - Amber R Philp
- Centro de Estudios CientíficosValdiviaChile
- Universidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
| | | | - Tábata Apablaza
- Centro de Estudios CientíficosValdiviaChile
- Universidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
| | | | - Agustín Mansilla
- Centro de Estudios CientíficosValdiviaChile
- Universidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
| | - Livia Delpiano
- Biosciences Institute, The Medical School, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Iván Ruminot
- Centro de Estudios CientíficosValdiviaChile
- Universidad San SebastiánValdiviaChile
| | - Cristian Carrasco
- Subdepartamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Base de ValdiviaValdiviaChile
| | - Michael A Gray
- Biosciences Institute, The Medical School, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Carlos A Flores
- Centro de Estudios CientíficosValdiviaChile
- Universidad San SebastiánValdiviaChile
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18
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Morrison CB, Shaffer KM, Araba KC, Markovetz MR, Wykoff JA, Quinney NL, Hao S, Delion MF, Flen AL, Morton LC, Liao J, Hill DB, Drumm ML, O’Neal WK, Kesimer M, Gentzsch M, Ehre C. Treatment of cystic fibrosis airway cells with CFTR modulators reverses aberrant mucus properties via hydration. Eur Respir J 2022; 59:13993003.00185-2021. [PMID: 34172469 PMCID: PMC8859811 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00185-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
QUESTION Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterised by the accumulation of viscous adherent mucus in the lungs. While several hypotheses invoke a direct relationship with cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) dysfunction (i.e. acidic airway surface liquid (ASL) pH, low bicarbonate (HCO3 -) concentration, airway dehydration), the dominant biochemical alteration of CF mucus remains unknown. MATERIALS/METHODS We characterised a novel cell line (CFTR-KO Calu3 cells) and the responses of human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells from subjects with G551D or F508del mutations to ivacaftor and elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor. A spectrum of assays such as short-circuit currents, quantitative PCR, ASL pH, Western blotting, light scattering/refractometry (size-exclusion chromatography with inline multi-angle light scattering), scanning electron microscopy, percentage solids and particle tracking were performed to determine the impact of CFTR function on mucus properties. RESULTS Loss of CFTR function in Calu3 cells resulted in ASL pH acidification and mucus hyperconcentration (dehydration). Modulation of CFTR in CF HBE cells did not affect ASL pH or mucin mRNA expression, but decreased mucus concentration, relaxed mucus network ultrastructure and improved mucus transport. In contrast with modulator-treated cells, a large fraction of airway mucins remained attached to naïve CF cells following short apical washes, as revealed by the use of reducing agents to remove residual mucus from the cell surfaces. Extended hydration, but not buffers alkalised with sodium hydroxide or HCO3 -, normalised mucus recovery to modulator-treated cell levels. CONCLUSION These results indicate that airway dehydration, not acidic pH and/or low [HCO3 -], is responsible for abnormal mucus properties in CF airways and CFTR modulation predominantly restores normal mucin entanglement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron B. Morrison
- Marsico Lung Institute / CF Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Kendall M. Shaffer
- Marsico Lung Institute / CF Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Kenza C. Araba
- Marsico Lung Institute / CF Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Matthew R. Markovetz
- Marsico Lung Institute / CF Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Jason A. Wykoff
- Marsico Lung Institute / CF Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Nancy L. Quinney
- Marsico Lung Institute / CF Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Shuyu Hao
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Martial F. Delion
- Marsico Lung Institute / CF Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Alexis L. Flen
- Marsico Lung Institute / CF Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Lisa C. Morton
- Marsico Lung Institute / CF Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Jimmy Liao
- Marsico Lung Institute / CF Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - David B. Hill
- Marsico Lung Institute / CF Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Mitchell L. Drumm
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine
| | - Wanda K. O’Neal
- Marsico Lung Institute / CF Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Mehmet Kesimer
- Marsico Lung Institute / CF Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Martina Gentzsch
- Marsico Lung Institute / CF Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Camille Ehre
- Marsico Lung Institute / CF Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,To whom correspondence should be addressed:
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19
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Three-Dimensional Airway Spheroids and Organoids for Cystic Fibrosis Research. JOURNAL OF RESPIRATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jor1040022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive multi-organ disease caused by mutations in the CF Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene, with morbidity and mortality primacy related to the lung disease. The CFTR protein, a chloride/bicarbonate channel, is expressed at the apical side of airway epithelial cells and is mainly involved in appropriate ion and fluid transport across the epithelium. Although many animal and cellular models have been developed to study the pathophysiological consequences of the lack/dysfunction of CFTR, only the three-dimensional (3D) structures termed “spheroids” and “organoids” can enable the reconstruction of airway mucosa to model organ development, disease pathophysiology, and drug screening. Airway spheroids and organoids can be derived from different sources, including adult lungs and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), each with its advantages and limits. Here, we review the major features of airway spheroids and organoids, anticipating that their potential in the CF field has not been fully shown. Further work is mandatory to understand whether they can accomplish better outcomes than other culture conditions of airway epithelial cells for CF personalized therapies and tissue engineering aims.
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20
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Tindle C, Fuller M, Fonseca A, Taheri S, Ibeawuchi SR, Beutler N, Katkar GD, Claire A, Castillo V, Hernandez M, Russo H, Duran J, Crotty Alexander LE, Tipps A, Lin G, Thistlethwaite PA, Chattopadhyay R, Rogers TF, Sahoo D, Ghosh P, Das S. Adult stem cell-derived complete lung organoid models emulate lung disease in COVID-19. eLife 2021; 10:e66417. [PMID: 34463615 PMCID: PMC8463074 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, causes widespread damage in the lungs in the setting of an overzealous immune response whose origin remains unclear. Methods We present a scalable, propagable, personalized, cost-effective adult stem cell-derived human lung organoid model that is complete with both proximal and distal airway epithelia. Monolayers derived from adult lung organoids (ALOs), primary airway cells, or hiPSC-derived alveolar type II (AT2) pneumocytes were infected with SARS-CoV-2 to create in vitro lung models of COVID-19. Results Infected ALO monolayers best recapitulated the transcriptomic signatures in diverse cohorts of COVID-19 patient-derived respiratory samples. The airway (proximal) cells were critical for sustained viral infection, whereas distal alveolar differentiation (AT2→AT1) was critical for mounting the overzealous host immune response in fatal disease; ALO monolayers with well-mixed proximodistal airway components recapitulated both. Conclusions Findings validate a human lung model of COVID-19, which can be immediately utilized to investigate COVID-19 pathogenesis and vet new therapies and vaccines. Funding This work was supported by the National Institutes for Health (NIH) grants 1R01DK107585-01A1, 3R01DK107585-05S1 (to SD); R01-AI141630, CA100768 and CA160911 (to PG) and R01-AI 155696 (to PG, DS and SD); R00-CA151673 and R01-GM138385 (to DS), R01- HL32225 (to PT), UCOP-R00RG2642 (to SD and PG), UCOP-R01RG3780 (to P.G. and D.S) and a pilot award from the Sanford Stem Cell Clinical Center at UC San Diego Health (P.G, S.D, D.S). GDK was supported through The American Association of Immunologists Intersect Fellowship Program for Computational Scientists and Immunologists. L.C.A's salary was supported in part by the VA San Diego Healthcare System. This manuscript includes data generated at the UC San Diego Institute of Genomic Medicine (IGC) using an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 that was purchased with funding from a National Institutes of Health SIG grant (#S10 OD026929).
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Tindle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
- HUMANOID CoRE, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - MacKenzie Fuller
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
- HUMANOID CoRE, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Ayden Fonseca
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
- HUMANOID CoRE, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Sahar Taheri
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Stella-Rita Ibeawuchi
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Nathan Beutler
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Gajanan Dattatray Katkar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Amanraj Claire
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
- HUMANOID CoRE, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Vanessa Castillo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Moises Hernandez
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Hana Russo
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Jason Duran
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, UC San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, United States
| | - Laura E Crotty Alexander
- Pulmonary Critical Care Section, Veterans Affairs (VA) San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, United States
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ann Tipps
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Grace Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | | | - Ranajoy Chattopadhyay
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
- HUMANOID CoRE, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
- Cell Applications Inc., La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Thomas F Rogers
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Debashis Sahoo
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
- HUMANOID CoRE, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Soumita Das
- HUMANOID CoRE, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
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21
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Baldassi D, Gabold B, Merkel O. Air-liquid interface cultures of the healthy and diseased human respiratory tract: promises, challenges and future directions. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021; 1:2000111. [PMID: 34345878 PMCID: PMC7611446 DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Air-liquid interface (ALI) culture models currently represent a valid instrument to recreate the typical aspects of the respiratory tract in vitro in both healthy and diseased state. They can help reducing the number of animal experiments, therefore, supporting the 3R principle. This review discusses ALI cultures and co-cultures derived from immortalized as well as primary cells, which are used to study the most common disorders of the respiratory tract, in terms of both pathophysiology and drug screening. The article displays ALI models used to simulate inflammatory lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, cystic fibrosis, lung cancer, and viral infections. It also includes a focus on ALI cultures described in literature studying respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 causing the global Covid-19 pandemic at the time of writing this review. Additionally, commercially available models of ALI cultures are presented. Ultimately, the aim of this review is to provide a detailed overview of ALI models currently available and to critically discuss them in the context of the most prevalent diseases of the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domizia Baldassi
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, LMU Munich Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Gabold
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, LMU Munich Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Olivia Merkel
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, LMU Munich Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
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22
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Bukowy-Bieryłło Z. Long-term differentiating primary human airway epithelial cell cultures: how far are we? Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:63. [PMID: 34044844 PMCID: PMC8159066 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00740-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human airway epithelial (HAE) cellular models are widely used in applicative studies of the airway physiology and disease. In vitro expanded and differentiated primary HAE cells collected from patients seem to be an accurate model of human airway, offering a quicker and cheaper alternative to the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs) models. However, the biggest drawback of primary HAE models is their limited proliferative lifespan in culture. Much work has been devoted to understand the factors, which govern the HAE cell proliferation and differentiation, both in vivo and in vitro. Here, I have summarized recent achievements in primary HAE culture, with the special emphasis on the models of conditionally reprogrammed cells (CRC), which allow longer in vitro proliferation and differentiation of HAE cells. The review compares the CRC HAE technique variants (feeder culture or HAE mono-culture), based on recently published studies exploiting this model. The advantages and limitations of each CRC HAE model variant are summarized, along with the description of other factors affecting the CRC HAE culture success (tissue type, sampling method, sample quality). CONCLUSIONS CRC HAE cultures are a useful technique in respiratory research, which in many cases exceeds the iPSCs and organoid culture methods. Until the current limitations of the iPSCs and organoid culture methods will be alleviated, the primary CRC HAE cultures might be a useful model in respiratory research. Airway epithelium (AE) is a type of tissue, which lines the whole length of human airways, from the nose to the bronchi. Improper functioning of AE causes several human airway disorders, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or cystic fibrosis (CF). Much work has been devoted to finding the best scientific model of human AE, in order to learn about its functioning in health and disease. Among the popular AE models are the primary in vitro cultured AE cells collected from human donors. Unfortunately, such human AE (HAE) cells do not easily divide (expand) in vitro; this poses a large logistic and ethical problem for the researchers. Here, I summarize recent achievements in the methods for in vitro culture of human AE cells, with special emphasis on the conditionally reprogrammed cell (CRC) models, which allow longer and more effective expansion of primary human AE cells in vitro. The review describes how the specific chemicals used in the CRC models work to allow the increased HAE divisions and compares the effects of the different so-far developed variants of the CRC HAE culture. The review also pinpoints the areas which need to be refined, in order to maximize the usefulness of the CRC AE cultures from human donors in research on human airway disorders. Video abstract.
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23
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Silva IAL, Railean V, Duarte A, Amaral MD. Personalized Medicine Based on Nasal Epithelial Cells: Comparative Studies with Rectal Biopsies and Intestinal Organoids. J Pers Med 2021; 11:421. [PMID: 34065744 PMCID: PMC8156700 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11050421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As highly effective CFTR modulator therapies (HEMT) emerge, there is an unmet need to find effective drugs for people with CF (PwCF) with ultra-rare mutations who are too few for classical clinical trials and for whom there are no drug discovery programs. Therefore, biomarkers reliably predicting the benefit from CFTR modulator therapies are essential to find effective drugs for PwCF through personalized approaches termed theranostics. Here, we assess CFTR basal function and the individual responses to CFTR modulators in primary human nasal epithelial (pHNE) cells from PwCF carrying rare mutations and compare these measurements with those in native rectal biopsies and intestinal organoids, respectively, in the same individual. The basal function in pHNEs shows good correlation with CFTR basal function in rectal biopsies. In parallel, CFTR rescue in pHNEs by CFTR modulators correlates to that in intestinal organoids. Altogether, results show that pHNEs are a bona fide theranostic model to assess CFTR rescue by CFTR modulator drugs, in particular for PwCF and rare mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Margarida D. Amaral
- BioISI—Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (I.A.L.S.); (V.R.); (A.D.)
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24
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Tindle C, Fuller M, Fonseca A, Taheri S, Ibeawuchi SR, Beutler N, Katkar G, Claire A, Castillo V, Hernandez M, Russo H, Duran J, Crotty Alexander LE, Tipps A, Lin G, Thistlethwaite PA, Chattopadhyay R, Rogers TF, Sahoo D, Ghosh P, Das S. Adult Stem Cell-derived Complete Lung Organoid Models Emulate Lung Disease in COVID-19. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2020.10.17.344002. [PMID: 33106807 PMCID: PMC7587781 DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.17.344002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, causes widespread damage in the lungs in the setting of an overzealous immune response whose origin remains unclear. We present a scalable, propagable, personalized, cost-effective adult stem cell-derived human lung organoid model that is complete with both proximal and distal airway epithelia. Monolayers derived from adult lung organoids (ALOs), primary airway cells, or hiPSC-derived alveolar type-II (AT2) pneumocytes were infected with SARS-CoV-2 to create in vitro lung models of COVID-19. Infected ALO-monolayers best recapitulated the transcriptomic signatures in diverse cohorts of COVID-19 patient-derived respiratory samples. The airway (proximal) cells were critical for sustained viral infection whereas distal alveolar differentiation (AT2→AT1) was critical for mounting the overzealous host immune response in fatal disease; ALO monolayers with well-mixed proximodistal airway components recapitulated both. Findings validate a human lung model of COVID-19 which can be immediately utilized to investigate COVID-19 pathogenesis, and vet new therapies and vaccines.
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25
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Lin J, Taggart M, Borthwick L, Fisher A, Brodlie M, Sassano MF, Tarran R, Gray MA. Acute cigarette smoke or extract exposure rapidly activates TRPA1-mediated calcium influx in primary human airway smooth muscle cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9643. [PMID: 33953304 PMCID: PMC8100124 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89051-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is the largest risk factor for developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and is associated with hyperresponsiveness of airway smooth muscle (ASM). Chronic exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) leads to airway inflammation and remodelling. However, the direct effect of gaseous CS or CS extract (CSE) on human airway smooth muscle cell (hASMC) function remains poorly understood. This study investigated the acute effect of CS/CSE on calcium homeostasis, a key regulator of ASM physiology and pathophysiology. Primary hASMC were isolated from non-smoking donor lungs, and subjected to Ca2+ imaging studies. We found that both CS, and CSE, rapidly elevated cytosolic Ca2+ in hASMC through stimulation of plasmalemmal Ca2+ influx, but excluded store-operated and L-type Ca2+ channels as mediators of this effect. Using a specific pharmacological inhibitor, or shRNA-driven knockdown, we established that both CS and CSE stimulated Ca2+ influx in hASMC through the neurogenic pain receptor channel, transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1). CS/CSE-dependent, TRPA1-mediated Ca2+ influx led to myosin light-chain phosphorylation, a key process regulating ASM contractility. We conclude that TRPA1 is likely an important link between CS/CSE exposure and airway hyperresponsiveness, and speculate that acute CS/CSE-induced Ca2+ influx could lead to exacerbated ASM contraction and potentially initiate further chronic pathological effects of tobacco smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- JinHeng Lin
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - Michael Taggart
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - Lee Borthwick
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - Andrew Fisher
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - Malcolm Brodlie
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK
- Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - M Flori Sassano
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert Tarran
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael A Gray
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, Tyne and Wear, UK.
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26
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Kerschner JL, Paranjapye A, NandyMazumdar M, Yin S, Leir SH, Harris A. OTX2 regulates CFTR expression during endoderm differentiation and occupies 3' cis-regulatory elements. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:684-700. [PMID: 33386644 PMCID: PMC11227118 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-specific and developmental mechanisms contribute to expression of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene; however, its developmental regulation is poorly understood. Here we use human induced pluripotent stem cells differentiated into pseudostratified airway epithelial cells to study these mechanisms. RESULTS Changes in gene expression and open chromatin profiles were investigated by RNA-seq and ATAC-seq, and revealed that alterations in CFTR expression are associated with differences in stage-specific open chromatin. Additionally, two novel open chromatin regions, at +19.6 kb and +22.6 kb 3' to the CFTR translational stop signal, were observed in definitive endoderm (DE) cells, prior to an increase in CFTR expression in anterior foregut endoderm (AFE) cells. Chromatin studies in DE and AFE cells revealed enrichment of active enhancer marks and occupancy of OTX2 at these sites in DE cells. Loss of OTX2 in DE cells alters histone modifications across the CFTR locus and results in a 2.5-fold to 5-fold increase in CFTR expression. However, deletion of the +22.6 kb site alone does not affect CFTR expression in DE or AFE cells. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that a network of interacting cis-regulatory elements recruit OTX2 to the locus to impact CFTR expression during early endoderm differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny L Kerschner
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Alekh Paranjapye
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Monali NandyMazumdar
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Shiyi Yin
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Shih-Hsing Leir
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ann Harris
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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27
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Nasal Epithelial Cell-Based Models for Individualized Study in Cystic Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094448. [PMID: 33923202 PMCID: PMC8123210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of highly effective CFTR modulator therapy has led to significant improvements in health care for most patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). For some, however, these therapies remain inaccessible due to the rarity of their individual CFTR variants, or due to a lack of biologic activity of the available therapies for certain variants. One proposed method of addressing this gap is the use of primary human cell-based models, which allow preclinical therapeutic testing and physiologic assessment of relevant tissue at the individual level. Nasal cells represent one such tissue source and have emerged as a powerful model for individual disease study. The ex vivo culture of nasal cells has evolved over time, and modern nasal cell models are beginning to be utilized to predict patient outcomes. This review will discuss both historical and current state-of-the art use of nasal cells for study in CF, with a particular focus on the use of such models to inform personalized patient care.
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28
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Campbell DR, Senger CN, Ryan AL, Magin CM. Engineering Tissue-Informed Biomaterials to Advance Pulmonary Regenerative Medicine. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:647834. [PMID: 33898484 PMCID: PMC8060451 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.647834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials intentionally designed to support the expansion, differentiation, and three-dimensional (3D) culture of induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) may pave the way to cell-based therapies for chronic respiratory diseases. These conditions are endured by millions of people worldwide and represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Currently, there are no effective treatments for the majority of advanced lung diseases and lung transplantation remains the only hope for many chronically ill patients. Key opinion leaders speculate that the novel coronavirus, COVID-19, may lead to long-term lung damage, further exacerbating the need for regenerative therapies. New strategies for regenerative cell-based therapies harness the differentiation capability of human iPSCs for studying pulmonary disease pathogenesis and treatment. Excitingly, biomaterials are a cell culture platform that can be precisely designed to direct stem cell differentiation. Here, we present a closer look at the state-of-the-art of iPSC differentiation for pulmonary engineering, offer evidence supporting the power of biomaterials to improve stem cell differentiation, and discuss our perspective on the potential for tissue-informed biomaterials to transform pulmonary regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald R. Campbell
- Department of Bioengineering, Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Christiana N. Senger
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Amy L. Ryan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Chelsea M. Magin
- Department of Bioengineering, Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
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29
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From Submerged Cultures to 3D Cell Culture Models: Evolution of Nasal Epithelial Cells in Asthma Research and Virus Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:v13030387. [PMID: 33670992 PMCID: PMC7997270 DOI: 10.3390/v13030387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the response to viral infection in the context of respiratory diseases is of significant importance. Recently, there has been more focus on the role of the nasal epithelium in disease modeling. Here, we provide an overview of different submerged, organotypic 3D and spheroid cell culture models of nasal epithelial cells, which were used to study asthma and allergy with a special focus on virus infection. In detail, this review summarizes the importance, benefits, and disadvantages of patient-derived cell culture models of nasal- and bronchial epithelial cells, including a comparison of these cell culture models and a discussion on why investigators should consider using nasal epithelial cells in their research. Exposure experiments, simple virus transduction analyses as well as genetic studies can be performed in these models, which may provide first insights into the complexity of molecular signatures and may open new doors for drug discovery and biomarker research.
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30
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Ng RN, Tai AS, Chang BJ, Stick SM, Kicic A. Overcoming Challenges to Make Bacteriophage Therapy Standard Clinical Treatment Practice for Cystic Fibrosis. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:593988. [PMID: 33505366 PMCID: PMC7829477 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.593988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) are given antimicrobials as prophylaxis against bacterial lung infection, which contributes to the growing emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens isolated. Pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa that are commonly isolated from individuals with CF are armed with an arsenal of protective and virulence mechanisms, complicating eradication and treatment strategies. While translation of phage therapy into standard care for CF has been explored, challenges such as the lack of an appropriate animal model demonstrating safety in vivo exist. In this review, we have discussed and provided some insights in the use of primary airway epithelial cells to represent the mucoenvironment of the CF lungs to demonstrate safety and efficacy of phage therapy. The combination of phage therapy and antimicrobials is gaining attention and has the potential to delay the onset of MDR infections. It is evident that efforts to translate phage therapy into standard clinical practice have gained traction in the past 5 years. Ultimately, collaboration, transparency in data publications and standardized policies are needed for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee N. Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Center, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Anna S. Tai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
- Institute for Respiratory Health, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Barbara J. Chang
- The Marshall Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Stephen M. Stick
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Center, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children’s Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
- Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia and Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Center, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children’s Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
- Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia and Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia
- Occupation and the Environment, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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31
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Woodall M, Jacob J, Kalsi KK, Schroeder V, Davis E, Kenyon B, Khan I, Garnett JP, Tarran R, Baines DL. E-cigarette constituents propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin decrease glucose uptake and its metabolism in airway epithelial cells in vitro. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L957-L967. [PMID: 32996783 PMCID: PMC7792687 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00123.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Electronic nicotine delivery systems, or e-cigarettes, utilize a liquid solution that normally contains propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerin (VG) to generate vapor and act as a carrier for nicotine and flavorings. Evidence indicated these "carriers" reduced growth and survival of epithelial cells including those of the airway. We hypothesized that 3% PG or PG mixed with VG (3% PG/VG, 55:45) inhibited glucose uptake in human airway epithelial cells as a first step to reducing airway cell survival. Exposure of H441 or human bronchiolar epithelial cells (HBECs) to PG and PG/VG (30-60 min) inhibited glucose uptake and mitochondrial ATP synthesis. PG/VG inhibited glycolysis. PG/VG and mannitol reduced cell volume and height of air-liquid interface cultures. Mannitol, but not PG/VG, increased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. PG/VG reduced transepithelial electrical resistance, which was associated with increased transepithelial solute permeability. PG/VG decreased fluorescence recovery after photobleaching of green fluorescent protein-linked glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT10, indicating that glucose transport function was compromised. Puffing PG/VG vapor onto the apical surface of primary HBECs for 10 min to mimic the effect of e-cigarette smoking also reduced glucose transport. In conclusion, short-term exposure to PG/VG, key components of e-cigarettes, decreased glucose transport and metabolism in airway cells. We propose that this was a result of PG/VG reduced cell volume and membrane fluidity, with further consequences on epithelial barrier function. Taking these results together, we suggest these factors contribute to reduced defensive properties of the epithelium. We propose that repeated/chronic exposure to these agents are likely to contribute to airway damage in e-cigarette users.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Woodall
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, Tooting, London, United Kingdom
| | - J. Jacob
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, Tooting, London, United Kingdom
| | - K. K. Kalsi
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, Tooting, London, United Kingdom
| | - V. Schroeder
- Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - E. Davis
- Marsico Lung Institute and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - B. Kenyon
- Marsico Lung Institute and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - I. Khan
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, Tooting, London, United Kingdom
| | - J. P. Garnett
- Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - R. Tarran
- Marsico Lung Institute and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - D. L. Baines
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, Tooting, London, United Kingdom
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32
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Bampi GB, Rauscher R, Kirchner S, Oliver KE, Bijvelds MJC, Santos LA, Wagner J, Frizzell RA, de Jonge HR, Sorscher EJ, Ignatova Z. Global assessment of the integrated stress response in CF patient-derived airway and intestinal tissues. J Cyst Fibros 2020; 19:1021-1026. [PMID: 32451204 PMCID: PMC7932027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation is a hallmark among patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). We explored whether mutation-induced (F508del) misfolding of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), and/or secondary colonization with opportunistic pathogens, activate tissue remodeling and innate immune response drivers. METHODS Using RNA-seq to interrogate global gene expression profiles, we analyzed stress response signaling cascades in primary human bronchial epithelia (HBE) and intestinal organoids. RESULTS Primary HBE acquired from CF patients with advanced disease and prolonged exposure to pathogenic microorganisms display a clear molecular signature of activated tissue remodeling pathways, unfolded protein response (UPR), and chronic inflammation. Furthermore, CFTR misfolding induces inflammatory signaling cascades in F508del patient-derived organoids from both the distal small intestine and colon. CONCLUSION Despite the small patient cohort size, this proof-of-principle study supports the use of RNA-seq as a means to both identify CF-specific signaling profiles in various tissues and evaluate disease heterogeneity. Our global transcriptomic data is a useful resource for the CF research community for analyzing other gene expression sets influencing CF disease signature but also transcriptionally contributing to CF heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana B Bampi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Rauscher
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kirchner
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kathryn E Oliver
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marcel J C Bijvelds
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, USA
| | - Leonardo A Santos
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Wagner
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Raymond A Frizzell
- Pediatrics and Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hugo R de Jonge
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, USA
| | - Eric J Sorscher
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zoya Ignatova
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
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33
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Lee RE, Miller SM, Mascenik TM, Lewis CA, Dang H, Boggs ZH, Tarran R, Randell SH. Assessing Human Airway Epithelial Progenitor Cells for Cystic Fibrosis Cell Therapy. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 63:374-385. [PMID: 32437238 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0384oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the CFTR (CF transmembrane regulator) gene. Pharmacologic therapies directed at CFTR have been developed but are not effective for mutations that result in little or no mRNA or protein expression. Cell therapy is a potential mutation-agnostic approach to treatment. One strategy is to harvest human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) for gene addition or genetic correction, followed by expansion and engraftment. This approach will require cells to grow extensively while retaining their ability to reconstitute CFTR activity. We hypothesized that conditionally reprogrammed cell (CRC) technology, namely growth in the presence of irradiated feeder cells and a Rho kinase inhibitor, would enable expansion while maintaining cell capacity to express functional CFTR. Our goal was to compare expression of the basal cell marker NGFR (nerve growth factor receptor) and three-dimensional bronchosphere colony-forming efficiency (CFE) in early- and later-passage HBECs grown using nonproprietary bronchial epithelial growth medium or the CRC method. Cell number and CFTR activity were determined in a competitive repopulation assay employing chimeric air-liquid interface cultures. HBECs expanded using the CRC method expressed the highest NGFR levels, had the greatest 3D colony-forming efficiency at later passage, generated greater cell numbers in chimeric cultures, and most effectively reconstituted CFTR activity. In our study, the HBEC air-liquid interface model, an informative testing platform proven vital for the development of other CF therapies, illustrated that cells grown by CRC technology or equivalent methods may be useful for cell therapy of CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhianna E Lee
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center and.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | | | | | - Hong Dang
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center and
| | | | - Robert Tarran
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center and.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Scott H Randell
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center and.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Choice of Differentiation Media Significantly Impacts Cell Lineage and Response to CFTR Modulators in Fully Differentiated Primary Cultures of Cystic Fibrosis Human Airway Epithelial Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092137. [PMID: 32967385 PMCID: PMC7565948 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro cultures of primary human airway epithelial cells (hAECs) grown at air–liquid interface have become a valuable tool to study airway biology under normal and pathologic conditions, and for drug discovery in lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF). An increasing number of different differentiation media, are now available, making comparison of data between studies difficult. Here, we investigated the impact of two common differentiation media on phenotypic, transcriptomic, and physiological features of CF and non-CF epithelia. Cellular architecture and density were strongly impacted by the choice of medium. RNA-sequencing revealed a shift in airway cell lineage; one medium promoting differentiation into club and goblet cells whilst the other enriched the growth of ionocytes and multiciliated cells. Pathway analysis identified differential expression of genes involved in ion and fluid transport. Physiological assays (intracellular/extracellular pH, Ussing chamber) specifically showed that ATP12A and CFTR function were altered, impacting pH and transepithelial ion transport in CF hAECs. Importantly, the two media differentially affected functional responses to CFTR modulators. We argue that the effect of growth conditions should be appropriately determined depending on the scientific question and that our study can act as a guide for choosing the optimal growth medium for specific applications.
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35
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Cystic fibrosis drug trial design in the era of CFTR modulators associated with substantial clinical benefit: stakeholders’ consensus view. J Cyst Fibros 2020; 19:688-695. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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36
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Evans KV, Lee J. Alveolar wars: The rise of in vitro models to understand human lung alveolar maintenance, regeneration, and disease. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:867-881. [PMID: 32272001 PMCID: PMC7381809 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia injure the gas-exchanging alveoli of the human lung. Animal studies have indicated that dysregulation of alveolar cells, including alveolar type II stem/progenitor cells, is implicated in disease pathogenesis. Due to mouse-human differences, there has been a desperate need to develop human-relevant lung models that can more closely recapitulate the human lung during homeostasis, injury repair, and disease. Here we discuss how current single-cell RNA sequencing studies have increased knowledge of the cellular and molecular composition of human lung alveoli, including the identification of molecular heterogeneity, cellular diversity, and previously unknown cell types, some of which arise specifically during disease. For functional analysis of alveolar cells, in vitro human alveolar organoids established from human pluripotent stem cells, embryonic progenitors, and adult tissue from both healthy and diseased lungs have modeled aspects of the cellular and molecular features of alveolar epithelium. Drawbacks of such systems are highlighted, along with possible solutions. Organoid-on-a-chip and ex vivo systems including precision-cut lung slices can complement organoid studies by providing further cellular and structural complexity of lung tissues, and have been shown to be invaluable models of human lung disease, while the production of acellular and synthetic scaffolds hold promise in lung transplant efforts. Further improvements to such systems will increase understanding of the underlying biology of human alveolar stem/progenitor cells, and could lead to future therapeutic or pharmacological intervention in patients suffering from end-stage lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly V. Evans
- Wellcome – MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Joo‐Hyeon Lee
- Wellcome – MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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37
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Movia D, Prina-Mello A. Preclinical Development of Orally Inhaled Drugs (OIDs)-Are Animal Models Predictive or Shall We Move Towards In Vitro Non-Animal Models? Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1259. [PMID: 32722259 PMCID: PMC7460012 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases constitute a huge burden in our society, and the global respiratory drug market currently grows at an annual rate between 4% and 6%. Inhalation is the preferred administration method for treating respiratory diseases, as it: (i) delivers the drug directly at the site of action, resulting in a rapid onset; (ii) is painless, thus improving patients' compliance; and (iii) avoids first-pass metabolism reducing systemic side effects. Inhalation occurs through the mouth, with the drug generally exerting its therapeutic action in the lungs. In the most recent years, orally inhaled drugs (OIDs) have found application also in the treatment of systemic diseases. OIDs development, however, currently suffers of an overall attrition rate of around 70%, meaning that seven out of 10 new drug candidates fail to reach the clinic. Our commentary focuses on the reasons behind the poor OIDs translation into clinical products for the treatment of respiratory and systemic diseases, with particular emphasis on the parameters affecting the predictive value of animal preclinical tests. We then review the current advances in overcoming the limitation of animal animal-based studies through the development and adoption of in vitro, cell-based new approach methodologies (NAMs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Movia
- Laboratory for Biological Characterisation of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin D8, Ireland;
| | - Adriele Prina-Mello
- Laboratory for Biological Characterisation of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin D8, Ireland;
- AMBER Centre, CRANN Institute, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin D2, Ireland
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38
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Kerschner JL, Paranjapye A, Yin S, Skander DL, Bebek G, Leir SH, Harris A. A functional genomics approach to investigate the differentiation of iPSCs into lung epithelium at air-liquid interface. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:9853-9870. [PMID: 32692488 PMCID: PMC7520342 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The availability of robust protocols to differentiate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into many human cell lineages has transformed research into the origins of human disease. The efficacy of differentiating iPSCs into specific cellular models is influenced by many factors including both intrinsic and extrinsic features. Among the most challenging models is the generation of human bronchial epithelium at air‐liquid interface (HBE‐ALI), which is the gold standard for many studies of respiratory diseases including cystic fibrosis. Here, we perform open chromatin mapping by ATAC‐seq and transcriptomics by RNA‐seq in parallel, to define the functional genomics of key stages of the iPSC to HBE‐ALI differentiation. Within open chromatin peaks, the overrepresented motifs include the architectural protein CTCF at all stages, while motifs for the FOXA pioneer and GATA factor families are seen more often at early stages, and those regulating key airway epithelial functions, such as EHF, are limited to later stages. The RNA‐seq data illustrate dynamic pathways during the iPSC to HBE‐ALI differentiation, and also the marked functional divergence of different iPSC lines at the ALI stages of differentiation. Moreover, a comparison of iPSC‐derived and lung donor‐derived HBE‐ALI cultures reveals substantial differences between these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny L Kerschner
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alekh Paranjapye
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shiyi Yin
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Dannielle L Skander
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gurkan Bebek
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shih-Hsing Leir
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ann Harris
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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39
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Paranjapye A, Mutolo MJ, Ebron JS, Leir SH, Harris A. The FOXA1 transcriptional network coordinates key functions of primary human airway epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L126-L136. [PMID: 32432922 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00023.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The differentiated functions of the human airway epithelium are coordinated by a complex network of transcription factors. These include the pioneer factors Forkhead box A1 and A2 (FOXA1 and FOXA2), which are well studied in several tissues, but their role in airway epithelial cells is poorly characterized. Here, we define the cistrome of FOXA1 and FOXA2 in primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells by chromatin immunoprecipitation with deep-sequencing (ChIP-seq). Next, siRNA-mediated depletion of each factor is used to investigate their transcriptome by RNA-seq. We found that, as predicted from their DNA-binding motifs, genome-wide occupancy of the two factors showed substantial overlap; however, their global impact on gene expression differed. FOXA1 is an abundant transcript in HBE cells, while FOXA2 is expressed at low levels, and both these factors likely exhibit autoregulation and cross-regulation. FOXA1 regulated loci are involved in cell adhesion and the maintenance of epithelial cell identity, particularly through repression of genes associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). FOXA1 also directly targets other transcription factors with a known role in the airway epithelium such as SAM-pointed domain-containing Ets-like factor (SPDEF). The intersection of the cistrome and transcriptome for FOXA1 revealed enrichment of genes involved in epithelial development and tissue morphogenesis. Moreover, depletion of FOXA1 was shown to reduce the transepithelial resistance of HBE cells, confirming the role of this factor in maintaining epithelial barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alekh Paranjapye
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Michael J Mutolo
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jey Sabith Ebron
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Shih-Hsing Leir
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ann Harris
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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40
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Laucirica DR, Garratt LW, Kicic A. Progress in Model Systems of Cystic Fibrosis Mucosal Inflammation to Understand Aberrant Neutrophil Activity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:595. [PMID: 32318073 PMCID: PMC7154161 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to recurrent infection in cystic fibrosis (CF), powerful innate immune signals trigger polymorphonuclear neutrophil recruitment into the airway lumen. Exaggerated neutrophil proteolytic activity results in sustained inflammation and scarring of the airways. Consequently, neutrophils and their secretions are reliable clinical biomarkers of lung disease progression. As neutrophils are required to clear infection and yet a direct cause of airway damage, modulating adverse neutrophil activity while preserving their pathogen fighting function remains a key area of CF research. The factors that drive their pathological behavior are still under investigation, especially in early disease when aberrant neutrophil behavior first becomes evident. Here we examine the latest findings of neutrophils in pediatric CF lung disease and proposed mechanisms of their pathogenicity. Highlighted in this review are current and emerging experimental methods for assessing CF mucosal immunity and human neutrophil function in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Laucirica
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Luke W Garratt
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
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41
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Greaney AM, Adams TS, Brickman Raredon MS, Gubbins E, Schupp JC, Engler AJ, Ghaedi M, Yuan Y, Kaminski N, Niklason LE. Platform Effects on Regeneration by Pulmonary Basal Cells as Evaluated by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. Cell Rep 2020; 30:4250-4265.e6. [PMID: 32209482 PMCID: PMC7175071 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapies have shown promise for treating myriad chronic pulmonary diseases through direct application of epithelial progenitors or by way of engineered tissue grafts or whole organs. To elucidate environmental effects on epithelial regenerative outcomes in vitro, here, we isolate and culture a population of pharmacologically expanded basal cells (peBCs) from rat tracheas. At peak basal marker expression, we simultaneously split peBCs into four in vitro platforms: organoid, air-liquid interface (ALI), engineered trachea, and engineered lung. Following differentiation, these samples are evaluated using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and computational pipelines are developed to compare samples both globally and at the population level. A sample of native rat tracheal epithelium is also evaluated by scRNA-seq as a control for engineered epithelium. Overall, this work identifies platform-specific effects that support the use of engineered models to achieve the most physiologic differential outcomes in pulmonary epithelial regenerative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Greaney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Taylor S Adams
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Micha Sam Brickman Raredon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Elise Gubbins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Jonas C Schupp
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Alexander J Engler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Mahboobe Ghaedi
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yifan Yuan
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Laura E Niklason
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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42
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Ensinck M, De Keersmaecker L, Heylen L, Ramalho AS, Gijsbers R, Farré R, De Boeck K, Christ F, Debyser Z, Carlon MS. Phenotyping of Rare CFTR Mutations Reveals Distinct Trafficking and Functional Defects. Cells 2020; 9:E754. [PMID: 32204475 PMCID: PMC7140603 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The most common CFTR mutation, F508del, presents with multiple cellular defects. However, the possible multiple defects caused by many rarer CFTR mutations are not well studied. We investigated four rare CFTR mutations E60K, G85E, E92K and A455E against well-characterized mutations, F508del and G551D, and their responses to corrector VX-809 and/or potentiator VX-770. Methods. Using complementary assays in HEK293T stable cell lines, we determined maturation by Western blotting, trafficking by flow cytometry using extracellular 3HA-tagged CFTR, and function by halide-sensitive YFP quenching. In the forskolin-induced swelling assay in intestinal organoids, we validated the effect of tagged versus endogenous CFTR. Results. Treatment with VX-809 significantly restored maturation, PM localization and function of both E60K and E92K. Mechanistically, VX-809 not only raised the total amount of CFTR, but significantly increased the traffic efficiency, which was not the case for A455E. G85E was refractory to VX-809 and VX-770 treatment. Conclusions. Since no single model or assay allows deciphering all defects at once, we propose a combination of phenotypic assays to collect rapid and early insights into the multiple defects of CFTR variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein Ensinck
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium; (M.E.); (L.D.K.); (L.H.); (R.G.); (F.C.); (Z.D.)
| | - Liesbeth De Keersmaecker
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium; (M.E.); (L.D.K.); (L.H.); (R.G.); (F.C.); (Z.D.)
| | - Lise Heylen
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium; (M.E.); (L.D.K.); (L.H.); (R.G.); (F.C.); (Z.D.)
| | - Anabela S. Ramalho
- CF Centre, Woman and Child Unit, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium;
| | - Rik Gijsbers
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium; (M.E.); (L.D.K.); (L.H.); (R.G.); (F.C.); (Z.D.)
- Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Ricard Farré
- Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium;
| | - Kris De Boeck
- University Hospital Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium;
| | - Frauke Christ
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium; (M.E.); (L.D.K.); (L.H.); (R.G.); (F.C.); (Z.D.)
| | - Zeger Debyser
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium; (M.E.); (L.D.K.); (L.H.); (R.G.); (F.C.); (Z.D.)
| | - Marianne S. Carlon
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium; (M.E.); (L.D.K.); (L.H.); (R.G.); (F.C.); (Z.D.)
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43
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Rowell TR, Keating JE, Zorn BT, Glish GL, Shears SB, Tarran R. Flavored e-liquids increase cytoplasmic Ca 2+ levels in airway epithelia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 318:L226-L241. [PMID: 31693394 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00123.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
E-cigarettes are noncombustible, electronic nicotine-delivery devices that aerosolize an e-liquid, i.e., nicotine, in a propylene glycol-vegetable glycerin vehicle that also contains flavors. While the effects of nicotine are relatively well understood, more information regarding the potential biological effects of the other e-liquid constituents is needed. This is a serious concern, because e-liquids are available in >7,000 distinct flavors. We previously demonstrated that many e-liquids affect cell growth/viability through an unknown mechanism. Since Ca2+ is a ubiquitous second messenger that regulates cell growth, we characterized the effects of e-liquids on cellular Ca2+ homeostasis. To better understand the extent of this effect, we screened e-liquids for their ability to alter cytosolic Ca2+ levels and found that 42 of 100 flavored e-liquids elicited a cellular Ca2+ response. Banana Pudding (BP) e-liquid, a representative e-liquid from this group, caused phospholipase C activation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ release, store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), and protein kinase C (PKCα) phosphorylation. However, longer exposures to BP e-liquid depleted ER Ca2+ stores and inhibited SOCE, suggesting that this e-liquid may alter Ca2+ homeostasis by short- and long-term mechanisms. Since dysregulation of Ca2+ signaling can cause chronic inflammation, ER stress, and abnormal cell growth, flavored e-cigarette products that can elicit cell Ca2+ responses should be further screened for potential toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temperance R Rowell
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - James E Keating
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Bryan T Zorn
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Gary L Glish
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Stephen B Shears
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Robert Tarran
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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44
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Goodell HP, Shenoy SK, Shenkute NT, Lackey E, Dennis RG, Button B. Adhesive and Cohesive Peel Force Measurement of Human Airway Mucus. Bio Protoc 2019; 9:e3287. [PMID: 31687423 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In health, the high-speed airflow associated with cough represents a vital backup mechanism for clearing accumulated mucus from our airways. However, alterations in the mucus layer in cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) leads to the mucus layer adhered to the airway surfaces, representing the nidus of chronic lung infection. To understand what is different about diseased mucus and why cough clearance is defective, there is a need for techniques to quantify the strength of the interactions limiting the ability of airflow to strip mucus from the airway surface (i.e., adhesive strength) or tear mucus apart (i.e., cohesive strength). To overcome the issues with measuring these properties in a soft (i.e., low elastic modulus) mucus layer, we present here novel peel-testing technologies capable of quantifying the mucus adhesive strength on cultured airway cells and cohesive strength of excised mucus samples. While this protocol focuses on measurements of airway mucus, this approach can easily be adapted to measuring adhesive/cohesive properties of other soft biological materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry P Goodell
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7248, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7575, USA
| | - Siddharth K Shenoy
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7248, USA
| | - Nathan T Shenkute
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7248, USA
| | - Elijah Lackey
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7248, USA
| | - Robert G Dennis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7575, USA
| | - Brian Button
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7248, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7575, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7260, USA
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Saint-Criq V, Haq IJ, Gardner AI, Garnett JP, Ward C, Brodlie M, Gray MA. Real-Time, Semi-Automated Fluorescent Measurement of the Airway Surface Liquid pH of Primary Human Airway Epithelial Cells. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 31259916 PMCID: PMC6748865 DOI: 10.3791/59815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the importance of mucosal surface pH in the airways has been highlighted by its ability to regulate airway surface liquid (ASL) hydration, mucus viscosity and activity of antimicrobial peptides, key parameters involved in innate defense of the lungs. This is of primary relevance in the field of chronic respiratory diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF) where these parameters are dysregulated. While different groups have studied ASL pH both in vivo and in vitro, their methods report a relatively wide range of ASL pH values and even contradictory findings regarding any pH differences between non-CF and CF cells. Furthermore, their protocols do not always provide enough details in order to ensure reproducibility, most are low throughput and require expensive equipment or specialized knowledge to implement, making them difficult to establish in most labs. Here we describe a semi-automated fluorescent plate reader assay that enables the real-time measurement of ASL pH under thin film conditions that more closely resemble the in vivo situation. This technique allows for stable measurements for many hours from multiple airway cultures simultaneously and, importantly, dynamic changes in ASL pH in response to agonists and inhibitors can be monitored. To achieve this, the ASL of fully differentiated primary human airway epithelial cells (hAECs) are stained overnight with a pH-sensitive dye in order to allow for the reabsorption of the excess fluid to ensure thin film conditions. After fluorescence is monitored in the presence or absence of agonists, pH calibration is performed in situ to correct for volume and dye concentration. The method described provides the required controls to make stable and reproducible ASL pH measurements, which ultimately could be used as a drug discovery platform for personalized medicine, as well as adapted to other epithelial tissues and experimental conditions, such as inflammatory and/or host-pathogen models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinciane Saint-Criq
- Epithelial Research Group, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University;
| | - Iram J Haq
- Respiratory Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University; Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Aaron I Gardner
- Respiratory Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University
| | - James P Garnett
- Respiratory Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co
| | - Christopher Ward
- Epithelial Research Group, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University; Respiratory Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University
| | - Malcolm Brodlie
- Respiratory Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University; Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Michael A Gray
- Epithelial Research Group, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University
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Borcherding DC, Siefert ME, Lin S, Brewington J, Sadek H, Clancy JP, Plafker SM, Ziady AG. Clinically-approved CFTR modulators rescue Nrf2 dysfunction in cystic fibrosis airway epithelia. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:3448-3463. [PMID: 31145101 PMCID: PMC6668689 DOI: 10.1172/jci96273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a multi-organ progressive genetic disease caused by loss of functional cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel. Previously, we identified a significant dysfunction in CF cells and model mice of the transcription factor nuclear-factor-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), a major regulator of redox balance and inflammatory signaling. Here we report that approved F508del CFTR correctors VX809/VX661 recover diminished Nrf2 function and colocalization with CFTR in CF human primary bronchial epithelia by proximity ligation assay, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence, concordant with CFTR correction. F508del CFTR correctors induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation, Nrf2-dependent luciferase activity, and transcriptional activation of target genes. Rescue of Nrf2 function by VX809/VX661 was dependent on significant correction of F508del and was blocked by inhibition of corrected channel function, or high-level shRNA knockdown of CFTR or F508del-CFTR. Mechanistically, F508del-CFTR modulation restored Nrf2 phosphorylation and its interaction with the coactivator CBP. Our findings demonstrate that sufficient modulation of F508del CFTR function corrects Nrf2 dysfunction in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana C. Borcherding
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew E. Siefert
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Songbai Lin
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - John Brewington
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Hesham Sadek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - John P. Clancy
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Scott M. Plafker
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Assem G. Ziady
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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47
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Kiedrowski MR, Bomberger JM. Viral-Bacterial Co-infections in the Cystic Fibrosis Respiratory Tract. Front Immunol 2018; 9:3067. [PMID: 30619379 PMCID: PMC6306490 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A majority of the morbidity and mortality associated with the genetic disease Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is due to lung disease resulting from chronic respiratory infections. The CF airways become chronically colonized with bacteria in childhood, and over time commensal lung microbes are displaced by bacterial pathogens, leading to a decrease in microbial diversity that correlates with declining patient health. Infection with the pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major predictor of morbidity and mortality in CF, with CF individuals often becoming chronically colonized with P. aeruginosa in early adulthood and thereafter having an increased risk of hospitalization. Progression of CF respiratory disease is also influenced by infection with respiratory viruses. Children and adults with CF experience frequent respiratory viral infections with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus, influenza, parainfluenza, and adenovirus, with RSV and influenza infection linked to the greatest decreases in lung function. Along with directly causing severe respiratory symptoms in CF populations, the impact of respiratory virus infections may be more far-reaching, indirectly promoting bacterial persistence and pathogenesis in the CF respiratory tract. Acquisition of P. aeruginosa in CF patients correlates with seasonal respiratory virus infections, and CF patients colonized with P. aeruginosa experience increased severe exacerbations and declines in lung function during respiratory viral co-infection. In light of such observations, efforts to better understand the impact of viral-bacterial co-infections in the CF airways have been a focus of clinical and basic research in recent years. This review summarizes what has been learned about the interactions between viruses and bacteria in the CF upper and lower respiratory tract and how co-infections impact the health of individuals with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer M. Bomberger
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Delpiano L, Thomas JJ, Yates AR, Rice SJ, Gray MA, Saint-Criq V. Esomeprazole Increases Airway Surface Liquid pH in Primary Cystic Fibrosis Epithelial Cells. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1462. [PMID: 30618754 PMCID: PMC6297391 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory failure, driven by airways mucus obstruction, chronic inflammation and bacterial infections, is the main cause of mortality and morbidity in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) due to defects in the Cl- andHCO 3 - transport activity of the CF Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR). Most recent pre-clinical and clinical studies have focused on restoring CFTR function by enhancing its trafficking or transport activity and show promising results. However, there are a significant number of patients that will not benefit from these CFTR-targeted therapies and it is therefore important to identify new non-CFTR targets that will restore lung function, by-passing CFTR dysfunction. The H+/K+-ATPase, ATP12A, has recently been identified as a potential novel target for CF therapies, since its acute inhibition by ouabain was shown to help restore mucus viscosity, mucociliary transport, and antimicrobial activity using in vitro CF airway models, and this effect was linked to an increase in the pH of the airway surface liquid (ASL). Here, we have evaluated the potential therapeutic use of ouabain by investigating the effect of chronically treating fully differentiated CF primary human airway epithelial cells (hAECs) with ouabain, under thin film conditions, resembling the in vivo situation. Our results show that although chronic treatment increased ASL pH, this correlated with a deleterious effect on epithelial integrity as assessed by LDH release, transepithelial electrical resistance, fluorescein flux, and ion transport. Since ATP12A shares approximately 65% identity with the gastric H+/K+-ATPase (ATP4A), we investigated the potential of using clinically approved ATP4A proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for their ability to restore ASL pH in CF hAECs. We show that, despite not expressing ATP4A transcripts, acute exposure to the PPI esomeprezole, produced changes in intracellular pH that were consistent with the inhibition of H+ secretion, but this response was independent of ATP12A. More importantly, chronic exposure of CF hAECs to esomeprazole alkalinized the ASL without disrupting the epithelial barrier integrity, but this increase in ASL pH was consistent with a decrease in mRNA expression of ATP12A. We conclude that PPIs may offer a new approach to restore ASL pH in CF airways, which is independent of CFTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Delpiano
- Epithelial Research Group, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph J. Thomas
- Epithelial Research Group, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Annabel R. Yates
- Epithelial Research Group, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J. Rice
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A. Gray
- Epithelial Research Group, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Vinciane Saint-Criq
- Epithelial Research Group, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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49
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Castellani S, Di Gioia S, di Toma L, Conese M. Human Cellular Models for the Investigation of Lung Inflammation and Mucus Production in Cystic Fibrosis. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2018; 2018:3839803. [PMID: 30581723 PMCID: PMC6276497 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3839803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, mucus plugging, airway remodeling, and respiratory infections are the hallmarks of the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. The airway epithelium is central in the innate immune responses to pathogens colonizing the airways, since it is involved in mucociliary clearance, senses the presence of pathogens, elicits an inflammatory response, orchestrates adaptive immunity, and activates mesenchymal cells. In this review, we focus on cellular models of the human CF airway epithelium that have been used for studying mucus production, inflammatory response, and airway remodeling, with particular reference to two- and three-dimensional cultures that better recapitulate the native airway epithelium. Cocultures of airway epithelial cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and fibroblasts are instrumental in disease modeling, drug discovery, and identification of novel therapeutic targets. Nevertheless, they have to be implemented in the CF field yet. Finally, novel systems hijacking on tissue engineering, including three-dimensional cocultures, decellularized lungs, microfluidic devices, and lung organoids formed in bioreactors, will lead the generation of relevant human preclinical respiratory models a step forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Castellani
- Laboratory of Regenerative and Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Sante Di Gioia
- Laboratory of Regenerative and Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Lorena di Toma
- Laboratory of Regenerative and Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Massimo Conese
- Laboratory of Regenerative and Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Brewington JJ, Filbrandt ET, LaRosa FJ, Moncivaiz JD, Ostmann AJ, Strecker LM, Clancy JP. Brushed nasal epithelial cells are a surrogate for bronchial epithelial CFTR studies. JCI Insight 2018; 3:99385. [PMID: 29997283 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.99385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the management of cystic fibrosis (CF) target underlying defects in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, but efficacy analyses remain limited to specific genotype-based subgroups. Patient-derived model systems may therefore aid in expanding access to these drugs. Brushed human nasal epithelial cells (HNEs) are an attractive tissue source, but it remains unclear how faithfully they recapitulate human bronchial epithelial cell (HBE) CFTR activity. We examined this gap using paired, brushed HNE/HBE samples from pediatric CF subjects with a wide variety of CFTR mutations cultured at the air-liquid interface. Growth and structural characteristics for the two cell types were similar, including differentiation into mature respiratory epithelia. In electrophysiologic analysis, no correlation was identified between nasal and bronchial cultures in baseline resistance or epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activity. Conversely, robust correlation was demonstrated between nasal and bronchial cultures in both stimulated and inhibited CFTR activity. There was close correlation in modulator-induced change in CFTR activity, and CFTR activity in both cell types correlated with in vivo sweat chloride measurements. These data confirm that brushed HNE cell cultures recapitulate the functional CFTR characteristics of HBEs with fidelity and are therefore an appropriate noninvasive HBE surrogate for individualized CFTR analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Brewington
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Ohio, USA
| | - Erin T Filbrandt
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati Ohio, USA
| | - F J LaRosa
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati Ohio, USA
| | - Jessica D Moncivaiz
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati Ohio, USA
| | - Alicia J Ostmann
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati Ohio, USA
| | - Lauren M Strecker
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati Ohio, USA
| | - John P Clancy
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Ohio, USA
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