1
|
Eggert A, Laasanen S, Nurmio M, Wahlgren A, Jahnukainen K, Eerola K, Nieminen M, Olotu O, Kotaja N, Mäkelä JA, Toppari J. Imatinib decreases germ cell survival and germline stem cell proliferation in rodent testis ex vivo and in vitro. Andrology 2024. [PMID: 39422608 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imatinib and dasatinib are tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) increasingly used to treat several diseases in both children and adults at fertile age. We have previously shown that imatinib has adverse effects on developing testis, and imatinib-treated male patients have been reported to have reduced sperm counts. However, the cellular level effects of imatinib and dasatinib on adult male germ cells and germline stem cells (mGSCs) have not been thoroughly investigated. OBJECTIVES To analyze whether imatinib or dasatinib exposure ex vivo and in vitro is harmful to adult male rodent germ cells and mGSCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seminiferous tubule segments of adult male mouse or rat were cultured in the presence or the absence of imatinib or dasatinib. Stage-specific effects were monitored by 3H-thymidine incorporation assay (DNA synthesis), immunohistochemistry (cleaved Caspase-3; apoptosis), immunofluorescence (KI67, GFRα1, STRA8, c-KIT, LIN28A; proliferation and spermatogonial differentiation) and flow cytometry (Hoechst). Mouse mGSCs were exposed to imatinib and dasatinib to study proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. RESULTS Imatinib decreased stage-specific DNA synthesis, and induced apoptosis in cultured rat seminiferous tubule segments. Imatinib also had an adverse effect on mGSC proliferation both in vitro and ex vivo, but did not induce cell death in cultured mGSCs. Imatinib did not impinge on induction of spermatogonial differentiation but suppressed c-KIT expression in nascent differentiating spermatogonia, providing a plausible mechanism for its pro-apoptotic function in spermatogenic cells. Clinically relevant doses of dasatinib did not induce apoptosis in seminiferous tubules but decreased mGSC colony growth in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Imatinib exposure ex vivo and in vitro impinges on male rodent germ cell proliferation and survival. The plausible mechanism in spermatogenic cells is the inhibition of SCF/c-KIT signaling, and reduced expression of c-KIT. Dasatinib did not show significant adverse effects with clinical doses ex vivo but inhibited mGSC colony growth in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Eggert
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Tyks Acute, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sini Laasanen
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mirja Nurmio
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Aida Wahlgren
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Kirsi Jahnukainen
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kim Eerola
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Genomics, Turku University Hospital Laboratories, Turku, Finland
| | - Miisael Nieminen
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Opeyemi Olotu
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Noora Kotaja
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juho-Antti Mäkelä
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Flagship Research Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
El Ouardi M, Tamarit L, Vayá I, Miranda MA, Andreu I. Cellular damage photosensitized by dasatinib, radical-mediated mechanisms and photoprotection in reconstructed epidermis. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 225:24-34. [PMID: 39313013 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 09/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Dasatinib (DAS) is an anticancer drug employed in the treatment of certain hematological malignancies. Although DAS has been mainly developed for oral administration, it has recently garnered attention for its possible topical application. The use of topical drugs can cause photosensitivity, which is not listed as an adverse reaction for DAS. Since DAS absorbs UVA, it could potentially induce photosensitivity reactions and lead to oxidative damage to cellular targets. This study aims to investigate whether DAS exhibits phototoxic reactions on primary cellular targets in both solution and artificial skin, mimicking topical drug administration. It also examines the potential generation of highly reactive intermediates like organic radicals and ROS, which could trigger photosensitivity reactions. Upon DAS irradiation in the UVA region, the first transient species detected was the diradicaloid triplet excited state (3DAS∗) with an absorption maximum of around 490 nm, which was quenched by oxygen to produce singlet oxygen. Quenching experiments with linoleic acid and 3-methylindole indicated that radical-mediated (Type I) photosensitized damage to lipids and proteins is possible. However, the lack of triplet quenching with guanosine suggests that the Type II mechanism also plays a role in the photooxidation of biomolecules. Accordingly, the neutral red uptake phototoxicity test (photoirritation factor of 5) and the comet assay, revealed that this drug is photo(geno)toxic to cells. Moreover, investigations on lipid photoperoxidation, and protein and DNA photooxidation strongly support that different cellular compartments are potential targets for DAS-induced phototoxicity. Regarding its potential application in topical dermatological formulations, an O/W emulsion of DAS was prepared and tested in reconstructed human epidermis, and a significant phototoxicity was also demonstrated. Fortunately, this undesired side effect disappeared upon formulation of DAS along with a sunscreen. Thus, for topical treatments, the photosensitivity reactions induced by DAS can be prevented by using formulations including appropriate UVA filters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meryem El Ouardi
- Departamento de Química-Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera S/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta de Investigación UPV-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) La Fe, Hospital Universitari I Politècnic La Fe, Avenida de Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lorena Tamarit
- Departamento de Química-Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera S/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta de Investigación UPV-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) La Fe, Hospital Universitari I Politècnic La Fe, Avenida de Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ignacio Vayá
- Departamento de Química-Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera S/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta de Investigación UPV-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) La Fe, Hospital Universitari I Politècnic La Fe, Avenida de Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel A Miranda
- Departamento de Química-Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera S/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta de Investigación UPV-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) La Fe, Hospital Universitari I Politècnic La Fe, Avenida de Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Andreu
- Departamento de Química-Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera S/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta de Investigación UPV-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) La Fe, Hospital Universitari I Politècnic La Fe, Avenida de Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gao F, Xu T, Zang F, Luo Y, Pan D. Cardiotoxicity of Anticancer Drugs: Molecular Mechanisms, Clinical Management and Innovative Treatment. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:4089-4116. [PMID: 39286288 PMCID: PMC11404500 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s469331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
With the continuous refinement of therapeutic measures, the survival rate of tumor patients has been improving year by year, while cardiovascular complications related to cancer therapy have become increasingly prominent. Exploring the mechanism and prevention strategy of cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity (CTR-CVT) remains one of the research hotspots in the field of Cardio-Oncology in recent years. Cardiotoxicity of anticancer drugs involves heart failure, myocarditis, hypertension, arrhythmias and vascular toxicity, mechanistically related to vascular endothelial dysfunction, ferroptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. To address the cardiotoxicity induced by different anticancer drugs, various therapeutic measures have been put in place, such as reducing the accumulation of anticancer drugs, shifting to drugs with less cardiotoxicity, using cardioprotective drugs, and early detection. Due to the very limited treatments available to ameliorate anticancer drugs-induced cardiotoxicity, a few innovations are being shifted from animal studies to human studies. Examples include mitochondrial transplantation. Mitochondrial transplantation has been proven to be effective in in vivo and in vitro experiments. Several recent studies have demonstrated that intercellular mitochondrial transfer can ameliorate doxorubicin(DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity, laying the foundation for innovative therapies in anticancer drugs-induced cardiotoxicity. In this review, we will discuss the current status of anticancer drugs-induced cardiotoxicity in terms of the pathogenesis and treatment, with a focus on mitochondrial transplantation, and we hope that this review will bring some inspiration to you.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangnan Zang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Defeng Pan
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ruglioni M, Crucitta S, Luculli GI, Tancredi G, Del Giudice ML, Mechelli S, Galimberti S, Danesi R, Del Re M. Understanding mechanisms of resistance to FLT3 inhibitors in adult FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia to guide treatment strategy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 201:104424. [PMID: 38917943 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The presence of FLT3 mutations, including the most common FLT3-ITD (internal tandem duplications) and FLT3-TKD (tyrosine kinase domain), is associated with an unfavorable prognosis in patients affected by acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this setting, in recent years, new FLT3 inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy in improving survival and treatment response. Nevertheless, the development of primary and secondary mechanisms of resistance poses a significant obstacle to their efficacy. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing novel therapeutic approaches to overcome resistance and improve the outcomes of patients. In this context, the use of novel FLT3 inhibitors and the combination of different targeted therapies have been studied. This review provides an update on the molecular alterations involved in the resistance to FLT3 inhibitors, and describes how the molecular monitoring may be used to guide treatment strategy in FLT3-mutated AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Ruglioni
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Crucitta
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Irene Luculli
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Gaspare Tancredi
- Unit of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Livia Del Giudice
- Unit of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Sandra Mechelli
- Unit of Internal Medicine 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Galimberti
- Unit of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Romano Danesi
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Marzia Del Re
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Morales P, Brown AJ, Sangaré LO, Yang S, Kuihon SVNP, Chen B, Saeij JPJ. The Toxoplasma secreted effector TgWIP modulates dendritic cell motility by activating host tyrosine phosphatases Shp1 and Shp2. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:294. [PMID: 38977495 PMCID: PMC11335217 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The obligate intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii causes life-threatening toxoplasmosis to immunocompromised individuals. The pathogenesis of Toxoplasma relies on its swift dissemination to the central nervous system through a 'Trojan Horse' mechanism using infected leukocytes as carriers. Previous work found TgWIP, a protein secreted from Toxoplasma, played a role in altering the actin cytoskeleton and promoting cell migration in infected dendritic cells (DCs). However, the mechanism behind these changes was unknown. Here, we report that TgWIP harbors two SH2-binding motifs that interact with tyrosine phosphatases Shp1 and Shp2, leading to phosphatase activation. DCs infected with Toxoplasma exhibited hypermigration, accompanying enhanced F-actin stress fibers and increased membrane protrusions such as filopodia and pseudopodia. By contrast, these phenotypes were abrogated in DCs infected with Toxoplasma expressing a mutant TgWIP lacking the SH2-binding motifs. We further demonstrated that the Rho-associated kinase (Rock) is involved in the induction of these phenotypes, in a TgWIP-Shp1/2 dependent manner. Collectively, the data uncover a molecular mechanism by which TgWIP modulates the migration dynamics of infected DCs in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Morales
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Abbigale J Brown
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Lamba Omar Sangaré
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sheng Yang
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Target & Protein Sciences, Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Simon V N P Kuihon
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Baoyu Chen
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jeroen P J Saeij
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhai P, Sadoshima J. Cardiomyocyte senescence and the potential therapeutic role of senolytics in the heart. THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR AGING 2024; 4:18. [PMID: 39119147 PMCID: PMC11309366 DOI: 10.20517/jca.2024.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Cellular senescence in cardiomyocytes, characterized by cell cycle arrest, resistance to apoptosis, and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, occurs during aging and in response to various stresses, such as hypoxia/reoxygenation, ischemia/reperfusion, myocardial infarction (MI), pressure overload, doxorubicin treatment, angiotensin II, diabetes, and thoracic irradiation. Senescence in the heart has both beneficial and detrimental effects. Premature senescence of myofibroblasts has salutary effects during MI and pressure overload. On the other hand, persistent activation of senescence in cardiomyocytes precipitates cardiac dysfunction and adverse remodeling through paracrine mechanisms during MI, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion, aging, and doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. Given the adverse roles of senescence in many conditions, specific removal of senescent cells, i.e., senolysis, is of great interest. Senolysis can be achieved using senolytic drugs (such as Navitoclax, Dasatinib, and Quercetin), pharmacogenetic approaches (including INK-ATTAC and AP20187, p16-3MR and Ganciclovir, p16 ablation, and p16-LOX-ATTAC and Cre), and immunogenetic interventions (CAR T cells or senolytic vaccination). In order to enhance the specificity and decrease the off-target effects of senolytic approaches, investigation into the mechanisms through which cardiomyocytes develop and/or maintain the senescent state is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyong Zhai
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ansari MM, Ghosh M, Lee DS, Son YO. Senolytic therapeutics: An emerging treatment modality for osteoarthritis. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102275. [PMID: 38494091 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), a chronic joint disease affecting millions of people aged over 65 years, is the main musculoskeletal cause of diminished joint mobility in the elderly. It is characterized by lingering pain and increasing deterioration of articular cartilage. Aging and accumulation of senescent cells (SCs) in the joints are frequently associated with OA. Apoptosis resistance; irreversible cell cycle arrest; increased p16INK4a expression, secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors, senescence-associated β-galactosidase levels, secretion of extracellular vesicles, and levels of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species; and mitochondrial dysregulation are some common changes in cellular senescence in joint tissues. Development of OA correlates with an increase in the density of SCs in joint tissues. Senescence-associated secretory phenotype has been linked to OA and cartilage breakdown. Senolytics and therapeutic pharmaceuticals are being focused upon for OA management. SCs can be selectively eliminated or killed by senolytics to halt the pathogenesis and progression of OA. Comprehensive understanding of how aging affects joint dysfunction will benefit OA patients. Here, we discuss age-related mechanisms associated with OA pathogenesis and senolytics as an emerging modality in the management of age-related SCs and pathogenesis of OA in preclinical and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Meraj Ansari
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Mrinmoy Ghosh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio, Chemical and Processing Engineering (SBCE), Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil 626126, India
| | - Dong-Sun Lee
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea; Bio-Health Materials Core-Facility Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea; Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Ok Son
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea; Bio-Health Materials Core-Facility Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gopal D, Muthuraj R, Balaya RDA, Kanekar S, Ahmed I, Chandrasekaran J. Computational discovery of novel FYN kinase inhibitors: a cheminformatics and machine learning-driven approach to targeted cancer and neurodegenerative therapy. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10819-7. [PMID: 38418686 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10819-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we explored the potential of novel inhibitors for FYN kinase, a critical target in cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, by integrating advanced cheminformatics, machine learning, and molecular simulation techniques. Our approach involved analyzing key interactions for FYN inhibition using established multi-kinase inhibitors such as Staurosporine, Dasatinib, and Saracatinib. We utilized ECFP4 circular fingerprints and the t-SNE machine learning algorithm to compare molecular similarities between FDA-approved drugs and known clinical trial inhibitors. This led to the identification of potential inhibitors, including Afatinib, Copanlisib, and Vandetanib. Using the DrugSpaceX platform, we generated a vast library of 72,196 analogues from these leads, which after careful refinement, resulted in 6008 promising candidates. Subsequent clustering identified 48 analogues with significant similarity to known inhibitors. Notably, two candidates derived from Vandetanib, DE27123047 and DE27123035, exhibited strong docking affinities and stable binding in molecular dynamics simulations. These candidates showed high potential as effective FYN kinase inhibitors, as evidenced by MMGBSA calculations and MCE-18 scores exceeding 50. Additionally, our exploration into their molecular architecture revealed potential modification sites on the quinazolin-4-amine scaffold, suggesting opportunities for strategic alterations to enhance activity and optimize ADME properties. Our research is a pioneering effort in drug discovery, unveiling novel candidates for FYN inhibition and demonstrating the efficacy of a multi-layered computational strategy. The molecular insights gained provide a pathway for strategic refinements and future experimental validations, setting a new direction in targeted drug development against diseases involving FYN kinase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhanushya Gopal
- Department of Pharmacology, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, 600116, India
| | - Rajesh Muthuraj
- Department of Pharmacology, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, 600116, India
| | | | - Saptami Kanekar
- Centre for Integrative Omics Data Science, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Iqrar Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Prof. Ravindra Nikam College of Pharmacy, Dhule, India
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | - Jaikanth Chandrasekaran
- Department of Pharmacology, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, 600116, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mugiya T, Mothibe M, Khathi A, Ngubane P, Sibiya N. Glycaemic abnormalities induced by small molecule tryosine kinase inhibitors: a review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1355171. [PMID: 38362147 PMCID: PMC10867135 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1355171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
In light of the expected increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus due to an aging population, sedentary lifestyles, an increase in obesity, and unhealthy diets, there is a need to identify potential pharmacological agents that can heighten the risk of developing diabetes. Similarly, it is equally important to also identify those agents that show blood glucose-lowering properties. Amongst these agents are tyrosine kinase inhibitors used to treat certain types of cancers. Over the last two decades, there has been an increase in the use of targeted chemotherapy for cancers such as renal cell carcinoma, chronic leukaemia, and gastrointestinal stromal tumours. Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been at the forefront of targeted chemotherapy. Studies have shown that small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors can alter glycaemic control and glucose metabolism, with some demonstrating hypoglycaemic activities whilst others showing hyperglycaemic properties. The mechanism by which small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors cause glycaemic dysregulation is not well understood, therefore, the clinical significance of these chemotherapeutic agents on glucose handling is also poorly documented. In this review, the effort is directed at mapping mechanistic insights into the effect of various small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors on glycaemic dysregulation envisaged to provide a deeper understanding of these chemotherapeutic agents on glucose metabolism. Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors may elicit these observed glycaemic effects through preservation of β-cell function, improving insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion. These compounds bind to a spectrum of receptors and proteins implicated in glucose regulation for example, non-receptor tyrosine kinase SRC and ABL. Then receptor tyrosine kinase EGFR, PDGFR, and FGFR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takudzwa Mugiya
- Pharmacology Division, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Mamosheledi Mothibe
- Pharmacology Division, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Andile Khathi
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Phikelelani Ngubane
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ntethelelo Sibiya
- Pharmacology Division, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nieto M, Konigsberg M, Silva-Palacios A. Quercetin and dasatinib, two powerful senolytics in age-related cardiovascular disease. Biogerontology 2024; 25:71-82. [PMID: 37747577 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10068-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is characteristic of the development and progression of multiple age-associated diseases. Accumulation of senescent cells in the heart contributes to various age-related pathologies. Several compounds called senolytics have been designed to eliminate these cells within the tissues. In recent years, the use and study of senolytics increased, representing a promising field for finding accessible and safe therapies for cardiovascular disease (CVD) treatment. This mini-review discusses the changes in the aging heart and the participation of senescent cells in CVD, as well as the use of senolytics to prevent the progression of myocardial damage, mainly the effect of dasatinib and quercetin. In particular, the mechanisms and physiological effects of senolytics therapies in the aged heart are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Nieto
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology, Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1. Colonia Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mina Konigsberg
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Silva-Palacios
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology, Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1. Colonia Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hollands P, Ovokaitys T. New Concepts in the Manipulation of the Aging Process. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:178-184. [PMID: 36752298 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230208102635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
This review explores the current concepts in aging and then goes on to describe a novel, ground-breaking technology which will change the way we think about and manage aging. The foundation of the review is based on the work carried out on the QiLaser activation of human Very Small Embryonic Like (hVSEL) pluripotent stem cells in autologous Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP), known as the Qigeneration Procedure. The application of this technology in anti-aging technology is discussed with an emphasis on epigenetic changes during aging focusing on DNA methylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hollands
- CTO Qigenix, 6125 Paseo Del Norte, Suite 140, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Todd Ovokaitys
- CEO Qigenix, 6125 Paseo Del Norte, Suite 140, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rayala R, Chaudhari P, Bunnell A, Roberts B, Chakrabarti D, Nefzi A. Parallel Synthesis of Piperazine Tethered Thiazole Compounds with Antiplasmodial Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17414. [PMID: 38139243 PMCID: PMC10743568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiazole and piperazine are two important heterocyclic rings that play a prominent role in nature and have a broad range of applications in agricultural and medicinal chemistry. Herein, we report the parallel synthesis of a library of diverse piperazine-tethered thiazole compounds. The reaction of piperazine with newly generated 4-chloromethyl-2-amino thiazoles led to the desired piperazine thiazole compounds with high purities and good overall yields. Using a variety of commercially available carboxylic acids, the parallel synthesis of a variety of disubstituted 4-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)thiazol-2-amine derivatives is described. the screening of the compounds led to the identification of antiplasmodial compounds that exhibited interesting antimalarial activity, primarily against the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine-resistant Dd2 strain. The hit compound 2291-61 demonstrated an antiplasmodial EC50 of 102 nM in the chloroquine-resistant Dd2 strain and a selectivity of over 140.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramanjaneyulu Rayala
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (R.R.); (P.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Prakash Chaudhari
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (R.R.); (P.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Ashley Bunnell
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (R.R.); (P.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Bracken Roberts
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA; (B.R.); (D.C.)
| | - Debopam Chakrabarti
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA; (B.R.); (D.C.)
| | - Adel Nefzi
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (R.R.); (P.C.); (A.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jespersen JH, Harazin A, Bohn AB, Christensen A, Lorentzen E, Lorentzen A. Analysis of cortical cell polarity by imaging flow cytometry. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:1685-1694. [PMID: 37721096 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of cancer-related death and therapies specifically targeting metastasis are highly needed. Cortical cell polarity (CCP) is a prometastatic property of circulating tumor cells affecting their ability to exit blood vessels and form new metastases that constitute a promising point of attack to prevent metastasis. However, conventional fluorescence microscopy on single cells and manual quantification of CCP are time-consuming and unsuitable for screening regulators. In this study, we developed an imaging flow cytometry-based method for high-throughput screening of factors affecting CCP in melanoma cells. The artificial intelligence-supported analysis method we developed is highly reproducible, accurate, and orders of magnitude faster than manual quantification. Additionally, this method is flexible and can be adapted to include additional cellular parameters. In a small-scale pilot experiment using polarity-, cytoskeleton-, or membrane-affecting drugs, we demonstrate that our workflow provides a straightforward and efficient approach for screening factors affecting CCP in cells in suspension and provide insights into the specific function of these drugs in this cellular system. The method and workflow presented here will facilitate large-scale studies to reveal novel cell-intrinsic as well as systemic factors controlling CCP during metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesper H Jespersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andras Harazin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anja B Bohn
- Department of Biomedicine, FACS Core Facility, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anni Christensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Esben Lorentzen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anna Lorentzen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Health Bioimaging Core Facility, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu XJ, Pang H, Long YQ, Wang JQ, Niu Y, Zhang RG. Pro-inflammatory action of formoterol in human bronchial epithelia. Mol Immunol 2023; 160:95-102. [PMID: 37413911 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the wide usage of β2-adrenoceptor agonists in asthma treatment, they do have side effects such as aggravating inflammation. We previously reported that isoprenaline induced Cl- secretion and IL-6 release via cAMP-dependent pathways in human bronchial epithelia, but the mechanisms underlying the inflammation-aggravation effects of β2-adrenoceptor agonists remain pooly understood. In this study, we investigated formoterol, a more specific β2-adrenoceptor agonist, -mediated signaling pathways involved in the production of IL-6 and IL-8 in 16HBE14o- human bronchial epithelia. The effects of formoterol were detected in the presence of PKA, exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC), cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK)1/2 and Src inhibitors. The involvement of β-arrestin2 was determined using siRNA knockdown. Our results indicate that formoterol can induce IL-6 and IL-8 secretion in concentration-dependent manner. The PKA-specific inhibitor, H89, partially inhibited IL-6 release, but not IL-8. Another intracellular cAMP receptor, EPAC, was not involved in either IL-6 or IL-8 release. PD98059 and U0126, two ERK1/2 inhibitors, blocked IL-8 while attenuated IL-6 secretion induced by formoterol. Furthermore, formoterol-induced IL-6 and IL-8 release was attenuated by Src inhibitors, namely dasatinib and PP1, and CFTRinh172, a CFTR inhibitor. In addition, knockdown of β-arrestin2 by siRNA only suppressed IL-8 release when a high concentration of formoterol (1 μM) was used. Taken together, our results suggest that formoterol stimulates IL-6 and IL-8 release which involves PKA/Src/ERK1/2 and/or β-arrestin2 signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Jian Liu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hao Pang
- First Clinical School, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yu-Qian Long
- First Clinical School, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ji-Qing Wang
- First Clinical School, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ya Niu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rui-Gang Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ye Q, Wang J, Ducatman B, Raese RA, Rogers JL, Wan YW, Dong C, Padden L, Pugacheva EN, Qian Y, Guo NL. Expression-Based Diagnosis, Treatment Selection, and Drug Development for Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10561. [PMID: 37445737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is currently no gene expression assay that can assess if premalignant lesions will develop into invasive breast cancer. This study sought to identify biomarkers for selecting patients with a high potential for developing invasive carcinoma in the breast with normal histology, benign lesions, or premalignant lesions. A set of 26-gene mRNA expression profiles were used to identify invasive ductal carcinomas from histologically normal tissue and benign lesions and to select those with a higher potential for future cancer development (ADHC) in the breast associated with atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH). The expression-defined model achieved an overall accuracy of 94.05% (AUC = 0.96) in classifying invasive ductal carcinomas from histologically normal tissue and benign lesions (n = 185). This gene signature classified cancer development in ADH tissues with an overall accuracy of 100% (n = 8). The mRNA expression patterns of these 26 genes were validated using RT-PCR analyses of independent tissue samples (n = 77) and blood samples (n = 48). The protein expression of PBX2 and RAD52 assessed with immunohistochemistry were prognostic of breast cancer survival outcomes. This signature provided significant prognostic stratification in The Cancer Genome Atlas breast cancer patients (n = 1100), as well as basal-like and luminal A subtypes, and was associated with distinct immune infiltration and activities. The mRNA and protein expression of the 26 genes was associated with sensitivity or resistance to 18 NCCN-recommended drugs for treating breast cancer. Eleven genes had significant proliferative potential in CRISPR-Cas9/RNAi screening. Based on this gene expression signature, the VEGFR inhibitor ZM-306416 was discovered as a new drug for treating breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ye
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute/Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Jiajia Wang
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute/Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Barbara Ducatman
- Department of Pathology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Rebecca A Raese
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute/Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Jillian L Rogers
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute/Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Ying-Wooi Wan
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute/Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Chunlin Dong
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute/Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Lindsay Padden
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute/Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Elena N Pugacheva
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute/Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Yong Qian
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Nancy Lan Guo
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute/Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hassanpour S, Petr J. A disposable electrochemical sensor based on single-walled carbon nanotubes for the determination of anticancer drug dasatinib. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-023-03043-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
AbstractDasatinib is an anticancer drug that treats acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, and prostate cancer with several side effects. In this research, we suggest nanoparticle-modified screen-printed electrodes (SPCEs) as disposable electrochemical sensors for fast quantification of dasatinib in pharmaceutical formulations. Carbon nanotubes, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), graphene, and graphene oxide-modified SPCEs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The study also recommends SWCNT-modified SPCEs as the best-performing electrode for determining dasatinib, demonstrating an excellent boosting effect on the oxidation response of dasatinib. This was accomplished using the square-wave voltammetry method. After optimization of the pH condition, pH 5.0 Britton–Robinson buffer, SWCNT-modified SPCEs demonstrated 94% recovery with optimum electro-oxidation activity. The oxidation currents exhibited linear relation with dasatinib concentration in the 0.1–100 µM. Based on the results, a limit of detection of 0.06 µM was obtained in the standard solution. The SWCNT-modified SPCEs have been applied to analyze dasatinib in pharmaceutical tablet samples. The demonstrated performance beats all comparable standard analytical tools and presumably may be used for general drug quantitation in pharmaceutical tablets.
Graphical abstract
Collapse
|
17
|
Jin N, Xia Y, Gao Q. Combined PARP inhibitors and small molecular inhibitors in solid tumor treatment (Review). Int J Oncol 2023; 62:28. [PMID: 36601757 PMCID: PMC9851129 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development of precision medicine, targeted therapy has attracted extensive attention. Poly(ADP‑ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) are critical clinical drugs designed to induce cell death and are major antitumor targeted agents. However, preclinical and clinical data have revealed the limitations of PARPi monotherapy. Therefore, their combination with other targeted drugs has become a research hotspot in tumor treatment. Recent studies have demonstrated the critical role of small molecular inhibitors in multiple haematological cancers and solid tumors via cellular signalling modulation, exhibiting potential as a combined pharmacotherapy. In the present review, studies focused on small molecular inhibitors targeting the homologous recombination pathway were summarized and clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of combined treatment were discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Jin
- Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Xia
- Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Qinglei Gao
- Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Structural and Functional Changes in Aging Kidneys. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315435. [PMID: 36499760 PMCID: PMC9737118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The renal condition is one of the crucial predictors of longevity; therefore, early diagnosis of any dysfunction plays an important role. Kidneys are highly susceptible to the aging process. Unfavorable conditions may lead to a significant disturbance of the body's homeostasis. Apart from physiological changes, there are some conditions such as hypertension, diabetes or obesity which contribute to the acceleration of the aging process. A determination of macroscopic and microscopic changes is essential for assessing the progression of aging. With age, we observe a decrease in the volume of renal parenchyma and an increase in adipose tissue in the renal sinuses. Senescence may also be manifested by the roughness of the kidney surface or simple renal cysts. The main microscopic changes are a thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, nephrosclerosis, an accumulation of extracellular matrix, and mesangial widening. The principal aspect of stopping unfavorable changes is to maintain health. Studies have shown many useful ways to mitigate renal aging. This review is focused especially on medications such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers or resveratrol, but even eating habits and lifestyle.
Collapse
|
19
|
Li BQ, Liu XY, Mao T, Zheng TH, Zhang P, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Li XY. The research progress of anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrosis treatment of chronic pancreatitis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1050274. [PMID: 36505827 PMCID: PMC9730810 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1050274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a chronic progressive inflammatory disease of the pancreas, caused by multiple factors and accompanied by irreversible impairment of pancreatic internal and external secretory functions. Pathologically, atrophy of the pancreatic acini, tissue fibrosis or calcification, focal edema, inflammation, and necrosis are observed. Clinical manifestations include recurrent or persistent abdominal pain, diarrhea, emaciation, and diabetes. In addition, CP is prone to develop into pancreatic cancer(PC) due to persistent inflammation and fibrosis. The disease course is prolonged and the clinical prognosis is poor. Currently, clinical treatment of CP is still based on symptomatic treatment and there is a lack of effective etiological treatment. Encouragingly, experiments have shown that a variety of active substances have great potential in the etiological treatment of chronic pancreatitis. In this paper, we will review the pathogenesis of CP, as well as the research progress on anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic therapies, which will provide new ideas for the development of subsequent clinical studies and formulation of effective treatment programs, and help prevent CP from developing into pancreatic cancer and reduce the prevalence of PC as much as possible.
Collapse
|
20
|
Deng M, Xiao H, Peng H, Yuan H, Xiao X, Liu S. Chidamide works synergistically with Dasatinib by inducing cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 478:851-860. [PMID: 36107284 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04554-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
This research aimed to explore whether Chidamide works synergistically with Dasatinib in the therapy of Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and the potential molecular mechanism. The inhibition rate of the Dasatinib and Chidamide combination was significantly better than that of the single-drug application for HL-60 cells. The combination of Dasatinib and Chidamide significantly enhanced the Abnormal histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory activity of Chidamide in Kasumi-1 and HL-60 cells. In the combined group, the proportion of S phase was significantly decreased, and the proportions of G2/M phase were significantly increased. The inhibitory rate of CD34+ CD38- HL-60 cells or Kasumi-1 cells was elevated when the cells were disposed with both Chidamide and Dasatinib. Dasatinib and Chidamide had synergistic antitumor effect. The combination with Dasatinib enhanced the HDAC inhibitory activity of Chidamide, promoted cell apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest of AML cells, and enhanced the inhibition of leukemia stem cell proliferation.
Collapse
|
21
|
Ioele G, Chieffallo M, Occhiuzzi MA, De Luca M, Garofalo A, Ragno G, Grande F. Anticancer Drugs: Recent Strategies to Improve Stability Profile, Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175436. [PMID: 36080203 PMCID: PMC9457551 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In past decades, anticancer research has led to remarkable results despite many of the approved drugs still being characterized by high systemic toxicity mainly due to the lack of tumor selectivity and present pharmacokinetic drawbacks, including low water solubility, that negatively affect the drug circulation time and bioavailability. The stability studies, performed in mild conditions during their development or under stressing exposure to high temperature, hydrolytic medium or light source, have demonstrated the sensitivity of anticancer drugs to many parameters. For this reason, the formation of degradation products is assessed both in pharmaceutical formulations and in the environment as hospital waste. To date, numerous formulations have been developed for achieving tissue-specific drug targeting and reducing toxic side effects, as well as for improving drug stability. The development of prodrugs represents a promising strategy in targeted cancer therapy for improving the selectivity, efficacy and stability of active compounds. Recent studies show that the incorporation of anticancer drugs into vesicular systems, such as polymeric micelles or cyclodextrins, or the use of nanocarriers containing chemotherapeutics that conjugate to monoclonal antibodies can improve solubility, pharmacokinetics, cellular absorption and stability. In this study, we summarize the latest advances in knowledge regarding the development of effective highly stable anticancer drugs formulated as stable prodrugs or entrapped in nanosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fedora Grande
- Correspondence: (G.I.); (F.G.); Tel.: +39-0984-493268 (G.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Aaron N, Costa S, Rosen CJ, Qiang L. The Implications of Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue on Inflammaging. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:853765. [PMID: 35360075 PMCID: PMC8962663 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.853765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Once considered an inert filler of the bone cavity, bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) is now regarded as a metabolically active organ that plays versatile roles in endocrine function, hematopoiesis, bone homeostasis and metabolism, and, potentially, energy conservation. While the regulation of BMAT is inadequately understood, it is recognized as a unique and dynamic fat depot that is distinct from peripheral fat. As we age, bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds) accumulate throughout the bone marrow (BM) milieu to influence the microenvironment. This process is conceivably signaled by the secretion of adipocyte-derived factors including pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines. Adipokines participate in the development of a chronic state of low-grade systemic inflammation (inflammaging), which trigger changes in the immune system that are characterized by declining fidelity and efficiency and cause an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory networks. In this review, we discuss the local effects of BMAT on bone homeostasis and the hematopoietic niche, age-related inflammatory changes associated with BMAT accrual, and the downstream effect on endocrine function, energy expenditure, and metabolism. Furthermore, we address therapeutic strategies to prevent BMAT accumulation and associated dysfunction during aging. In sum, BMAT is emerging as a critical player in aging and its explicit characterization still requires further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Aaron
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Samantha Costa
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Clifford J. Rosen
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
- *Correspondence: Clifford J. Rosen, ; Li Qiang,
| | - Li Qiang
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Clifford J. Rosen, ; Li Qiang,
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nekoukar Z, Moghimi M, Salehifar E. A narrative review on adverse effects of dasatinib with a focus on pharmacotherapy of dasatinib-induced pulmonary toxicities. Blood Res 2021; 56:229-242. [PMID: 34776414 PMCID: PMC8721448 DOI: 10.5045/br.2021.2021117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), a myeloproliferative disorder caused by the over activity of BCR-ABL1 (breakpoint cluster region-Abelson), has been successfully treated by Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). While imatinib is known as the first-line treatment of CML, in some cases other TKIs including dasatinib, nilotinib, bosutinib, and ponatinib may be preferred. Dasatinib, a second-generation TKI, inhibits multiple family kinases including BCR-ABL, SRC family kinases, receptor kinases, and TEC family kinases. It is effective against most imatinib-resistant cases except T315I mutation. Despite the superiority of dasatinib in its hematologic and cytogenetic responses in CML compared to imatinib, its potentially harmful pulmonary complications including pleural effusion (PE) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) may limit its use. Appropriate management of these serious adverse reactions is critical in both improving the quality of life and the outcome of the patient. In this narrative review, we will scrutinize the pulmonary complications of dasatinib and focus on the management of these toxicities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Nekoukar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Minoo Moghimi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Salehifar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medial Scienses, Sari, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Larrew T, Saway BF, Lowe SR, Olar A. Molecular Classification and Therapeutic Targets in Ependymoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246218. [PMID: 34944845 PMCID: PMC8699461 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ependymoma is a biologically diverse tumor wherein molecular classification has superseded traditional histological grading based on its superior ability to characterize behavior, prognosis, and possible targeted therapies. The current, updated molecular classification of ependymoma consists of ten distinct subgroups spread evenly among the spinal, infratentorial, and supratentorial compartments, each with its own distinct clinical and molecular characteristics. In this review, the history, histopathology, standard of care, prognosis, oncogenic drivers, and hypothesized molecular targets for all subgroups of ependymoma are explored. This review emphasizes that despite the varied behavior of the ependymoma subgroups, it remains clear that research must be performed to further elucidate molecular targets for these tumors. Although not all ependymoma subgroups are oncologically aggressive, development of targeted therapies is essential, particularly for cases where surgical resection is not an option without causing significant morbidity. The development of molecular therapies must rely on building upon our current understanding of ependymoma oncogenesis, as well as cultivating transfer of knowledge based on malignancies with similar genomic alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Larrew
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (T.L.); (B.F.S.)
| | - Brian Fabian Saway
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (T.L.); (B.F.S.)
| | | | - Adriana Olar
- NOMIX Laboratories, Denver, CO 80218, USA
- Correspondence: or
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
He S, Bian J, Shao Q, Zhang Y, Hao X, Luo X, Feng Y, Huang L. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Individualized Medicine of Dasatinib: Focus on Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:797881. [PMID: 34938198 PMCID: PMC8685414 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.797881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dasatinib is an oral second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor known to be used widely in Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Notably, although a high pharmacokinetic variability in patients and an increased risk of pleural effusion are attendant, fixed dosing remains standard practice. Retrospective studies have suggested that dasatinib exposure may be associated with treatment response (efficacy/safety). Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is gradually becoming a practical tool to achieve the goal of individualized medicine for patients receiving targeted drugs. With the help of TDM, these patients who maintain response while have minimum adverse events may achieve long-term survival. This review summaries current knowledge of the clinical pharmacokinetics variation, exposure-response relationships and analytical method for individualized dosing of dasatinib, in particular with respect to therapeutic drug monitoring. In addition, it highlights the emerging insights into several controversial issues in TDM of dasatinib, with the aim of presenting up-to-date evidence for clinical decision-making and insights for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu He
- Department of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jialu Bian
- Department of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianhang Shao
- Department of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Hao
- Department of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingxian Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yufei Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang RG, Niu Y, Pan KW, Pang H, Chen CL, Yip CY, Ko WH. β 2-Adrenoceptor Activation Stimulates IL-6 Production via PKA, ERK1/2, Src, and Beta-Arrestin2 Signaling Pathways in Human Bronchial Epithelia. Lung 2021; 199:619-627. [PMID: 34725715 PMCID: PMC8626360 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-021-00484-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE β2-Adrenoceptor agonists are widely used to treat asthma because of their bronchial-dilation effects. We previously reported that isoprenaline, via the apical and basolateral β2-adrenoceptor, induced Cl- secretion by activating cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent pathways in human bronchial epithelia. Despite these results, whether and how the β2-adrenoceptor-mediated cAMP-dependent pathway contributes to pro-inflammatory cytokine release in human bronchial epithelia remains poorly understood. METHODS We investigated β2-adrenoceptor-mediated signaling pathways involved in the production of two pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, in 16HBE14o- human bronchial epithelia. The effects of isoprenaline or formoterol were assessed in the presence of protein kinase A (PKA), exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC), Src, and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK)1/2 inhibitors. The involvement of β-arrestin2 was examined using siRNA knockdown. RESULTS Isoprenaline and formoterol (both β2 agonists) induced IL-6, but not IL-8, release, which could be inhibited by ICI 118,551 (β2 antagonist). The PKA-specific inhibitor, H89, partially inhibited IL-6 release. Another intracellular cAMP receptor, EPAC, was not involved in IL-6 release. Isoprenaline-mediated IL-6 secretion was attenuated by dasatinib, a Src inhibitor, and PD98059, an ERK1/2 inhibitor. Isoprenaline treatment also led to ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In addition, knockdown of β-arrestin2 by siRNA specifically suppressed cytokine release when a high concentration of isoprenaline (1 mM) was used. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that activation of the β2-adrenoceptor in 16HBE14o- cells stimulated the PKA/Src/ERK1/2 and/or β-arrestin2 signaling pathways, leading to IL-6 release. Therefore, our data reveal that β2-adrenoceptor signaling plays a role in the immune regulation of human airway epithelia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Gang Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ya Niu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ke-Wu Pan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, N.T., China
| | - Hao Pang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chun-Ling Chen
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chung-Yin Yip
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, N.T., China
| | - Wing-Hung Ko
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, N.T., China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang Y, Zeng X, Wang H, Fan R, Hu Y, Hu X, Li J. Dasatinib self-assembled nanoparticles decorated with hyaluronic acid for targeted treatment of tumors to overcome multidrug resistance. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:670-679. [PMID: 33792436 PMCID: PMC8023242 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1905751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) and lack of targeting specificity are the main reasons why traditional drug therapies fail and produce toxic side effects in cancer chemotherapy. In order to increase targeting specificity and maximize therapeutic efficacy, new intelligent drug delivery systems are needed. In this study, we prepared the hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugated dasatinib (DAS) and D-α-tocopherol acid polyethylene glycolsuccinate (TPGS) copolymer nanoparticles (THD-NPs). The water solubility of the hydrophobic drug DAS was improved by chemically linking with HA. HA can bind to the over-expressed CD44 protein of tumor cells to increase targeting specificity, TPGS can inhibit the activity of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and increase the intracellular accumulation of drugs. The prepared drug-loaded nanoparticle has a particle size of 82.23 ± 1.07 nm with good in vitro stability. Our in vitro studies showed that THD-NPs can be released more rapidly in a weakly acidic environment (pH = 5.5) than in a normal physiological environment (pH = 7.4), which can realize the selective release of nanoparticles in tumor cells. Compared to free drugs, THD-NPs showed more efficient cellular uptake, effectively increased the cytotoxic effect of DAS on nasopharyngeal carcinoma HNE1 cells drug resistance HNE1/DDP cells and increased the accumulation of drugs in HNE1/DDP cells, which may be due to the inhibitory effect of TPGS on the efflux function of P-gp. In vivo experiments showed that THD-NPs can effectively inhibit tumor growth without obvious side effects. In conclusion, the targeted and pH-sensitive nanosystem, we designed has great potential to overcome drug resistance and increase therapeutic effects in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiangle Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Hairong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Ranran Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yike Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xuejie Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jianchun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rocha KML, Nascimento ÉCM, Martins JBL. Investigation on the interaction behavior of afatinib, dasatinib, and imatinib docked to the BCR-ABL protein. J Mol Model 2021; 27:309. [PMID: 34599372 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04925-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a pathological condition associated with the uncontrolled proliferation of white blood cells and respective loss of function. Imatinib was the first drug that could effectively treat this condition, but its use is hindered by the development of mutations of the BCR-ABL protein, which are the cause of resistance. Therefore, dasatinib and afatinib present similarities that can be explored to discover new molecules capable of overcoming the effects of imatinib. Afatinib exhibited electronic and docking behavior, indicating that a replacement with some minor modifications could design a new potential inhibitor. The amide group in each candidate is clearly of pharmacophoric importance, and it needs to concentrate a negative region. Sulfur group presents a good pharmacophoric profile, which was shown by dasatinib results, adding to the influence of the Met318 residue in the target protein active site configuration. This behavior suggests that the sulfur atom and other fragments that have an affinity for the methionine sidechain may provide a significant positive effect when present in TKI molecules such as afatinib or dasatinib.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Afatinib/chemistry
- Afatinib/metabolism
- Afatinib/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents/metabolism
- Catalytic Domain
- Dasatinib/chemistry
- Dasatinib/metabolism
- Dasatinib/pharmacology
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/antagonists & inhibitors
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/chemistry
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate/chemistry
- Imatinib Mesylate/metabolism
- Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Methionine/chemistry
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Mutation
- Quantum Theory
- Sulfur/chemistry
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelvyn M L Rocha
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Érica C M Nascimento
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - João B L Martins
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kim C, Liu SV, Crawford J, Torres T, Chen V, Thompson J, Tan M, Esposito G, Subramaniam DS, Giaccone G. A Phase I Trial of Dasatinib and Osimertinib in TKI Naïve Patients With Advanced EGFR-Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:728155. [PMID: 34568058 PMCID: PMC8457399 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.728155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osimertinib is an effective first-line therapy option for EGFR-mutant NSCLC, but virtually all patients develop resistance. CRIPTO, through Src activation, has been implicated in resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) therapy. Dasatinib, a Src inhibitor, has shown preclinical synergy with EGFR-TKI therapy. Method This is a single-arm phase I/II trial of osimertinib and dasatinib in TKI-naïve advanced EGFR-mutant NSCLC (NCT02954523). A 3 + 3 design was used in the phase I to establish the recommended phase II dose (RP2D). Osimertinib 80 mg QD was combined with dasatinib 70 mg BID (DL2), 50 mg BID (DL1), 70 mg QD (DL-1), and 50 mg QD (DL-2). Results Ten patients (DL2: 3, DL1: 6, DL -1: 1) were enrolled. 3 (50%) of 6 patients at DL1 experienced a DLT (grade 3 headaches/body pain, neutropenia, rash, one each). Common treatment-related adverse events included pleural effusion (n=10), diarrhea (n=8), rash (n=7), transaminitis (n=7), thrombocytopenia (n=7), and neutropenia (n=7). While the MTD was not determined by protocol-defined DLT criteria, DL-2 was chosen as the RP2D, considering overall tolerability. Nine (90%) patients had a PR, including 1 unconfirmed PR. Median PFS was 19.4 months and median OS 36.1 months. The trial was closed to accrual prematurely due to slow accrual after the approval of osimertinib as first-line therapy. Conclusions The combination of dasatinib and osimertinib demonstrated anticancer activity. The treatment was limited by chronic toxicities mainly attributed to dasatinib. To improve the safety and tolerability of Src and EGFR co-inhibition, Src inhibitors with a more favorable safety profile should be utilized in future studies. Clinical Trial Registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02954523.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chul Kim
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Stephen V Liu
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jennifer Crawford
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Tisdrey Torres
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Vincent Chen
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jillian Thompson
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Ming Tan
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics & Biomathematics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Giuseppe Esposito
- Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Deepa S Subramaniam
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States.,AstraZeneca Plc., Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Giuseppe Giaccone
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States.,Weill-Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Anti-aging: senolytics or gerostatics (unconventional view). Oncotarget 2021; 12:1821-1835. [PMID: 34504654 PMCID: PMC8416555 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Senolytics are basically anti-cancer drugs, repurposed to kill senescent cells selectively. It is even more difficult to selectively kill senescent cells than to kill cancer cells. Based on lessons of cancer therapy, here I suggest how to exploit oncogene-addiction and to combine drugs to achieve selectivity. However, even if selective senolytic combinations will be developed, there is little evidence that a few senescent cells are responsible for organismal aging. I also discuss gerostatics, such as rapamycin and other rapalogs, pan-mTOR inhibitors, dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors, which inhibit growth- and aging-promoting pathways. Unlike senolytics, gerostatics do not kill cells but slow down cellular geroconversion to senescence. Numerous studies demonstrated that inhibition of the mTOR pathways by any means (genetic, pharmacological and dietary) extends lifespan. Currently, only two studies demonstrated that senolytics (fisetin and a combination Dasatinib plus Quercetin) extend lifespan in mice. These senolytics slightly inhibit the mTOR pathway. Thus, life extension by these senolytics can be explained by their slight rapamycin-like (gerostatic) effects.
Collapse
|
31
|
Nickoloff-Bybel EA, Festa L, Meucci O, Gaskill PJ. Co-receptor signaling in the pathogenesis of neuroHIV. Retrovirology 2021; 18:24. [PMID: 34429135 PMCID: PMC8385912 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-021-00569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV co-receptors, CCR5 and CXCR4, are necessary for HIV entry into target cells, interacting with the HIV envelope protein, gp120, to initiate several signaling cascades thought to be important to the entry process. Co-receptor signaling may also promote the development of neuroHIV by contributing to both persistent neuroinflammation and indirect neurotoxicity. But despite the critical importance of CXCR4 and CCR5 signaling to HIV pathogenesis, there is only one therapeutic (the CCR5 inhibitor Maraviroc) that targets these receptors. Moreover, our understanding of co-receptor signaling in the specific context of neuroHIV is relatively poor. Research into co-receptor signaling has largely stalled in the past decade, possibly owing to the complexity of the signaling cascades and functions mediated by these receptors. Examining the many signaling pathways triggered by co-receptor activation has been challenging due to the lack of specific molecular tools targeting many of the proteins involved in these pathways and the wide array of model systems used across these experiments. Studies examining the impact of co-receptor signaling on HIV neuropathogenesis often show activation of multiple overlapping pathways by similar stimuli, leading to contradictory data on the effects of co-receptor activation. To address this, we will broadly review HIV infection and neuropathogenesis, examine different co-receptor mediated signaling pathways and functions, then discuss the HIV mediated signaling and the differences between activation induced by HIV and cognate ligands. We will assess the specific effects of co-receptor activation on neuropathogenesis, focusing on neuroinflammation. We will also explore how the use of substances of abuse, which are highly prevalent in people living with HIV, can exacerbate the neuropathogenic effects of co-receptor signaling. Finally, we will discuss the current state of therapeutics targeting co-receptors, highlighting challenges the field has faced and areas in which research into co-receptor signaling would yield the most therapeutic benefit in the context of HIV infection. This discussion will provide a comprehensive overview of what is known and what remains to be explored in regard to co-receptor signaling and HIV infection, and will emphasize the potential value of HIV co-receptors as a target for future therapeutic development. ![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E A Nickoloff-Bybel
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - L Festa
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S. 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - O Meucci
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - P J Gaskill
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang L, Yang Z, Sang H, Jiang Y, Zhou M, Huang C, Huang C, Wu X, Zhang T, Zhang X, Wan S, Zhang J. Identification of imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-one derivatives as novel Src family kinase inhibitors against glioblastoma. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1541-1552. [PMID: 34238111 PMCID: PMC8274516 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1948542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary brain tumour in the central nervous system (CNS). As the ideal targets for GBM treatment, Src family kinases (SFKs) have attracted much attention. Herein, a new series of imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-one derivatives were designed and synthesised as SFK inhibitors. Compounds 1d, 1e, 1q, 1s exhibited potential Src and Fyn kinase inhibition in the submicromolar range, of which were next tested for their antiproliferative potency on four GBM cell lines. Compound 1s showed effective activity against U87, U251, T98G, and U87-EGFRvIII GBM cell lines, comparable to that of lead compound PP2. Molecular dynamics (MDs) simulation revealed the possible binding patterns of the most active compound 1s in ATP binding site of SFKs. ADME prediction suggested that 1s accord with the criteria of CNS drugs. These results led us to identify a novel SFK inhibitor as candidate for GBM treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lishun Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zichao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Huiting Sang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Mingfeng Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Chuan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Chunhui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xingmei Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shanhe Wan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiajie Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kaczmarek R, Gajdzis P, Gajdzis M. Eph Receptors and Ephrins in Retinal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126207. [PMID: 34201393 PMCID: PMC8227845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal diseases are the leading cause of irreversible blindness. They affect people of all ages, from newborns in retinopathy of prematurity, through age-independent diabetic retinopathy and complications of retinal detachment, to age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which occurs mainly in the elderly. Generally speaking, the causes of all problems are disturbances in blood supply, hypoxia, the formation of abnormal blood vessels, and fibrosis. Although the detailed mechanisms underlying them are varied, the common point is the involvement of Eph receptors and ephrins in their pathogenesis. In our study, we briefly discussed the pathophysiology of the most common retinal diseases (diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, and choroidal neovascularization) and collected available research results on the role of Eph and ephrins. We also discussed the safety aspect of the use of drugs acting on Eph and ephrin for ophthalmic indications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radoslaw Kaczmarek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Pawel Gajdzis
- Department of Pathomorphology and Oncological Cytology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Malgorzata Gajdzis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +00-48-71-736-4300
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chua XY, Salomon A. Ovalbumin Antigen-Specific Activation of Human T Cell Receptor Closely Resembles Soluble Antibody Stimulation as Revealed by BOOST Phosphotyrosine Proteomics. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3330-3344. [PMID: 34018748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the T cell receptor (TCR) leads to a network of early signaling predominantly orchestrated by tyrosine phosphorylation in T cells. The TCR is commonly activated using soluble anti-TCR antibodies, but this approach is not antigen-specific. Alternatively, activating the TCR using specific antigens of a range of binding affinities in the form of a peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) is presumed to be more physiological. However, due to the lack of wide-scale phosphotyrosine (pTyr) proteomic studies directly comparing anti-TCR antibodies and pMHC, a comprehensive definition of these activated states remains enigmatic. Elucidation of the tyrosine phosphoproteome using quantitative pTyr proteomics enables a better understanding of the unique features of these activating agents and the role of ligand binding affinity on signaling. Here, we apply the recently established Broad-spectrum Optimization Of Selective Triggering (BOOST) to examine perturbations in tyrosine phosphorylation of human TCR triggered by anti-TCR antibodies and pMHC. Our data reveal that high-affinity ovalbumin (OVA) pMHC activation of the human TCR triggers a largely similar, albeit potentially stronger, pTyr-mediated signaling regulatory axis compared to the anti-TCR antibody. The signaling output resulting from OVA pMHC variants correlates well with their weaker affinities, enabling affinity-tunable control of signaling strength. Collectively, we provide a framework for applying BOOST to compare pTyr-mediated signaling pathways of human T cells activated in an antigen-independent and antigen-specific manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xien Yu Chua
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Arthur Salomon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kaczmarek R, Zimmer K, Gajdzis P, Gajdzis M. The Role of Eph Receptors and Ephrins in Corneal Physiology and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094567. [PMID: 33925443 PMCID: PMC8123804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The cornea, while appearing to be simple tissue, is actually an extremely complex structure. In order for it to retain its biomechanical and optical properties, perfect organization of its cells is essential. Proper regeneration is especially important after injuries and in the course of various diseases. Eph receptors and ephrin are mainly responsible for the proper organization of tissues as well as cell migration and communication. In this review, we present the current state of knowledge on the role of Eph and ephrins in corneal physiology and diseases, in particular, we focused on the functions of the epithelium and endothelium. Since the role of Eph and ephrins in the angiogenesis process has been well established, we also analyzed their influence on conditions with corneal neovascularization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radoslaw Kaczmarek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (R.K.); (K.Z.)
| | - Katarzyna Zimmer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (R.K.); (K.Z.)
| | - Pawel Gajdzis
- Department of Pathomorphology and Oncological Cytology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Malgorzata Gajdzis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (R.K.); (K.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-736-43-00
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Dunphy K, Dowling P, Bazou D, O’Gorman P. Current Methods of Post-Translational Modification Analysis and Their Applications in Blood Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1930. [PMID: 33923680 PMCID: PMC8072572 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) add a layer of complexity to the proteome through the addition of biochemical moieties to specific residues of proteins, altering their structure, function and/or localization. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques are at the forefront of PTM analysis due to their ability to detect large numbers of modified proteins with a high level of sensitivity and specificity. The low stoichiometry of modified peptides means fractionation and enrichment techniques are often performed prior to MS to improve detection yields. Immuno-based techniques remain popular, with improvements in the quality of commercially available modification-specific antibodies facilitating the detection of modified proteins with high affinity. PTM-focused studies on blood cancers have provided information on altered cellular processes, including cell signaling, apoptosis and transcriptional regulation, that contribute to the malignant phenotype. Furthermore, the mechanism of action of many blood cancer therapies, such as kinase inhibitors, involves inhibiting or modulating protein modifications. Continued optimization of protocols and techniques for PTM analysis in blood cancer will undoubtedly lead to novel insights into mechanisms of malignant transformation, proliferation, and survival, in addition to the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This review discusses techniques used for PTM analysis and their applications in blood cancer research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie Dunphy
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, W23 F2K8 Maynooth, Ireland; (K.D.); (P.D.)
| | - Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, W23 F2K8 Maynooth, Ireland; (K.D.); (P.D.)
| | - Despina Bazou
- Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, D07 WKW8 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Peter O’Gorman
- Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, D07 WKW8 Dublin, Ireland;
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Danesi R, Fogli S, Indraccolo S, Del Re M, Dei Tos AP, Leoncini L, Antonuzzo L, Bonanno L, Guarneri V, Pierini A, Amunni G, Conte P. Druggable targets meet oncogenic drivers: opportunities and limitations of target-based classification of tumors and the role of Molecular Tumor Boards. ESMO Open 2021; 6:100040. [PMID: 33540286 PMCID: PMC7859305 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2020.100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic landscape of cancer is changing rapidly due to the growing number of approved drugs capable of targeting specific genetic alterations. This aspect, together with the development of noninvasive methods for the assessment of somatic mutations in the peripheral blood of patients, generated a growing interest toward a new tumor-agnostic classification system based on ‘predictive’ biomarkers. The current review article discusses this emerging alternative approach to the classification of cancer and its implications for the selection of treatments. It is suggested that different types of cancers sharing the same molecular profiles could benefit from the same targeted drugs. Although recent clinical trials have demonstrated that this approach cannot be generalized, there are also specific examples that demonstrate the clinical utility of this alternative vision. In this rapidly evolving scenario, a multidisciplinary approach managed by institutional Molecular Tumor Boards is fundamental to interpret the biological and clinical relevance of genetic alterations and the complexity of their relationship with treatment response. The identification of oncogenic drivers offers the opportunity to develop target-specific drugs. The inhibition of crucial pathways realizes the principle of druggable target to exploit cancer vulnerability. The approval of new anticancer agents based on target-based concept represents a paradigm shift in cancer therapy. However, only few drugs have been approved so far on an agnostic basis and the concept of biomarker cannot be generalized. Tumor Molecular Boards will have an increasing role in the identification of new therapeutic options in selected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Danesi
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Fogli
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Indraccolo
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - M Del Re
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A P Dei Tos
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - L Leoncini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Anatomic Pathology Division, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - L Antonuzzo
- Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - L Bonanno
- Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - V Guarneri
- Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - A Pierini
- Integrated Access, Roche, Monza, Italy
| | - G Amunni
- Institute for the Study, Prevention and Oncology Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy.
| | - P Conte
- Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chen M, Zhu Y, Lin Y, Tengwang T, Zhang L. Use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors for paediatric Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e042814. [PMID: 33468532 PMCID: PMC7817804 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effectiveness and safety of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the management of paediatric Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (Ph+ALL). DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Electronic searches were conducted on CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, SIOP, ASPHO, ASCO, ASH and four Chinese databases from inception to 8 March 2020. Language of publications was restricted in English and Chinese. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Prospective and retrospective comparative studies were included. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two authors independently assessed and extracted data. Quality of studies was assessed by the Cochrane Collaboration's tool and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Subgroup analysis was performed by comparing different types of TKIs. Quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. RESULTS Two randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and four cohort studies enrolling 536 patients were included. For RCTs, the pooled HR was 0.68 (95% CI 0.26 to 1.78) in overall survival (OS), 0.63 (95% CI 0.28 to 1.42) in event-free survival (EFS), respectively, comparing TKI arm with non-TKI arm for treatment of paediatric Ph+ALL. There was significant difference in OS and EFS between imatinib arm and dasatinib arm (HR 2.26, 95% CI 1.02 to 5.01; HR 2.36; 95% CI 1.27 to 4.39, respectively). For cohort studies, the pooled HR was 0.25 (95% CI 0.14 to 0.47) in OS, 0.25 (95% CI 0.12 to 0.56) in EFS, respectively, comparing TKI arm with non-TKI arm. There was no significance difference in adverse drug reaction between TKI group and without TKI group (risk ratio (RR) 0.82, 95% CI 0.63 to 1.08 in RCT; RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.59 in cohort studies; respectively), and imatinib versus dasatinib (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.23). The quality of evidence was rated as low for OS, EFS and adverse drug reaction (ADR). CONCLUSIONS The combination of TKIs with chemotherapy is likely to improve the OS and EFS rates in paediatric Ph+ALL, and dasatinib is superior than imatinib. Large sample size and prospective controlled studies are warranted. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018104107.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Department of Pharmacy/Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunzhu Lin
- Department of Pharmacy/Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tianzi Tengwang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy/Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Trougakos IP, Stamatelopoulos K, Terpos E, Tsitsilonis OE, Aivalioti E, Paraskevis D, Kastritis E, Pavlakis GN, Dimopoulos MA. Insights to SARS-CoV-2 life cycle, pathophysiology, and rationalized treatments that target COVID-19 clinical complications. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:9. [PMID: 33435929 PMCID: PMC7801873 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00703-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gaining further insights into SARS-CoV-2 routes of infection and the underlying pathobiology of COVID-19 will support the design of rational treatments targeting the life cycle of the virus and/or the adverse effects (e.g., multi-organ collapse) that are triggered by COVID-19-mediated adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and/or other pathologies. MAIN BODY COVID-19 is a two-phase disease being marked by (phase 1) increased virus transmission and infection rates due to the wide expression of the main infection-related ACE2, TMPRSS2 and CTSB/L human genes in tissues of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract, as well as by (phase 2) host- and probably sex- and/or age-specific uncontrolled inflammatory immune responses which drive hyper-cytokinemia, aggressive inflammation and (due to broad organotropism of SARS-CoV-2) collateral tissue damage and systemic failure likely because of imbalanced ACE/ANGII/AT1R and ACE2/ANG(1-7)/MASR axes signaling. CONCLUSION Here we discuss SARS-CoV-2 life cycle and a number of approaches aiming to suppress viral infection rates or propagation; increase virus antigen presentation in order to activate a robust and durable adaptive immune response from the host, and/or mitigate the ARDS-related "cytokine storm" and collateral tissue damage that triggers the severe life-threatening complications of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis P Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784, Athens, Greece.
| | - Kimon Stamatelopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - Ourania E Tsitsilonis
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Evmorfia Aivalioti
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Paraskevis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios Kastritis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - George N Pavlakis
- Human Retrovirus Section, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Meletios A Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528, Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Luo X, Xue X, Li T, Zhang Y, Huang L, Cheng G. Differential Impacts of Azole Antifungal Drugs on the Pharmacokinetic Profiles of Dasatinib in Rats by LC-MS-MS. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 21:1022-1030. [PMID: 33092505 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666201022140656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dasatinib, as an oral multi-targeted inhibitor of BCR-ABL and SRC family kinases, has been widely used for the treatment of Philadelphia Chromosome Positive Leukemias in imatinib-acquired resistance and intolerance. The study aimed to develop and validate a simple and robust assay with a small volume of plasma based on liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry to determine the concentration of dasatinib and to investigate the impact of the cytochrome 3A4 inhibitors, including ketoconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole and posaconazole, on the pharmacokinetics of dasatinib in rats. METHODS Thirty rats were divided randomly into five groups, control group (0.5% carboxymethylcellulose sodium), ketoconazole (30 mg/kg) group, voriconazole group (30 mg/kg), itraconazole group (30 mg/kg) and posaconazole group (30 mg/kg). After 150 μL blood samples were collected at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, and 48 h and precipitated with acetonitrile, the plasma concentration of dasatinib was determined through Fluoro- Phenyl column (150 mm×2.1 mm, 3 μm) in a positive ionization mode. RESULTS The results suggested that ketoconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole could increase the AUC0-t of dasatinib to varying degrees while significantly reducing its clearance. However, there was no significant impact on the pharmacokinetics of dasatinib, co-administered with itraconazole except for the CL and MRT0-t of dasatinib. Additionally, voriconazole could significantly increase Cmax of dasatinib by approximately 4.12 fold. CONCLUSION These data indicated that ketoconazole, posaconazole and voriconazole should be cautiously co-administered with dasatinib or close therapeutic drug monitoring of dasatinib concentration, which might cause the drug-drug interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingxian Luo
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuecai Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Taifeng Li
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Cheng
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Haga Y, Higashisaka K, Yang L, Sekine N, Lin Y, Tsujino H, Nagano K, Tsutsumi Y. Inhibition of Akt/mTOR pathway overcomes intrinsic resistance to dasatinib in triple-negative breast cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:672-678. [PMID: 33036754 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.09.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the only therapeutic choice for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is chemotherapy. In TNBC, despite strong preclinical data, clinical trials of molecular targeted drugs, such as the Src tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib, have failed because of the heterogeneity of TNBC cells. Here, we examined the mechanism of intrinsic resistance to dasatinib in five TNBC cell lines. First, we divided the TNBC cell lines into those sensitive or resistant to dasatinib and found that activation of Src was inhibited in all of the cell lines. In contrast, we found that dasatinib inhibited Akt phosphorylation in only the dasatinib-sensitive cell lines. Consequently, we found that combination treatment with dasatinib and an inhibitor of Akt or mTOR suppressed cell proliferation more than did either monotherapy in the dasatinib-resistant cell lines. Finally, to mimic intrinsic resistance, we established a dasatinib-tolerant TNBC cell line. In this cell line, the combinational effect of Akt/mTOR inhibition with dasatinib was observed, as it was in the cell lines with intrinsic resistance. Together, the present results show that the effect of dasatinib in TNBC is independent of Src inhibition, and that Akt/mTOR inhibition might be an effective strategy to overcome TNBC cells with intrinsic dasatinib resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Haga
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuma Higashisaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Lili Yang
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoki Sekine
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ying Lin
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tsujino
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuya Nagano
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuo Tsutsumi
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Al-Abcha A, Iftikhar MH, Abu Rous F, Laird-Fick H. Chylothorax: complication attributed to dasatinib use. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/12/e231653. [PMID: 31848139 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-231653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A 63-year-old woman with a medical history of chronic myelogenous leukaemia treated with dasatinib, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction presented with difficulty in breathing. Chest X-ray showed large right-sided pleural effusion, which was confirmed on a CT angiogram of the chest. Echocardiogram showed an ejection fraction of 61% with moderate to severely dilated right ventricle and right ventricular systolic pressure of 60 mm Hg. Diagnostic and therapeutic thoracentesis was performed, and 2.2 L of pleural fluid was removed. Pleural fluid analysis was consistent with chylothorax. Significant symptomatic improvement was noted after thoracentesis. In the absence of an alternate explanation, chylothorax was attributed to dasatinib, which was switched to nilotinib. This resulted in resolution of her pleural effusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al-Abcha
- Internal Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Fawzi Abu Rous
- Internal Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Heather Laird-Fick
- Internal Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Szilveszter KP, Németh T, Mócsai A. Tyrosine Kinases in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1862. [PMID: 31447854 PMCID: PMC6697022 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinases relay signals from diverse leukocyte antigen receptors, innate immune receptors, and cytokine receptors, and therefore mediate the recruitment and activation of various leukocyte populations. Non-receptor tyrosine kinases of the Jak, Src, Syk, and Btk families play major roles in various immune-mediated disorders, and small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors are emerging novel therapeutics in a number of those diseases. Autoimmune and inflammatory skin diseases represent a broad spectrum of immune-mediated diseases. Genetic and pharmacological studies in humans and mice support the role of tyrosine kinases in several inflammatory skin diseases. Atopic dermatitis and psoriasis are characterized by an inflammatory microenvironment which activates cytokine receptors coupled to the Jak-Stat signaling pathway. Jak kinases are also implicated in alopecia areata and vitiligo, skin disorders mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Genetic studies indicate a critical role for Src-family kinases and Syk in animal models of autoantibody-mediated blistering skin diseases. Here, we review the various tyrosine kinase signaling pathways and their role in various autoimmune and inflammatory skin diseases. Special emphasis will be placed on identification of potential therapeutic targets, as well as on ongoing preclinical and clinical studies for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases by small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kata P Szilveszter
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Németh
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Mócsai
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Halaban R, Bacchiocchi A, Straub R, Cao J, Sznol M, Narayan D, Allam A, Krauthammer M, Mansour TS. A novel anti-melanoma SRC-family kinase inhibitor. Oncotarget 2019; 10:2237-2251. [PMID: 31040916 PMCID: PMC6481345 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The major drawback of melanoma therapy with BRAF and MAPK inhibitors is the innate and acquired drug resistance. We therefore explored alternative targets and developed a new compound, SAB298, that is a SRC-family kinase (SFK) inhibitor. The drug is cytotoxic to patient-derived melanoma cells regardless of oncogene expression and inhibits tumor growth in vivo. As expected, it inhibited SRC and PI3K activity, and had the additional property of ERBB2 inhibition, that lead to inactivation of the two ERK phosphatases PP2A and SHP2. In 57% of the melanoma cell lines tested, the consequent increase in ERK activity lead to proteolytic degradation of its substrate, the lineage specific transcription factor MITF, likely contributing to growth arrest. Treatment with a combination of SAB298 and AZD6244 (selumetinib), induced a synergistic growth inhibition, suggesting that the new compound could be used in the clinic as a substitute for, or in combination with MAPK inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Halaban
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Antonella Bacchiocchi
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Robert Straub
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mario Sznol
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Section of Medical Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Deepak Narayan
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ahmed Allam
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Krauthammer
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|