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Silva J, Carry E, Xue C, Zhang J, Liang J, Roberge JY, Davies DL. A Novel Dual Drug Approach That Combines Ivermectin and Dihydromyricetin (DHM) to Reduce Alcohol Drinking and Preference in Mice. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061791. [PMID: 33810134 PMCID: PMC8004700 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) affects over 18 million people in the US. Unfortunately, pharmacotherapies available for AUD have limited clinical success and are under prescribed. Previously, we established that avermectin compounds (ivermectin [IVM] and moxidectin) reduce alcohol (ethanol/EtOH) consumption in mice, but these effects are limited by P-glycoprotein (Pgp/ABCB1) efflux. The current study tested the hypothesis that dihydromyricetin (DHM), a natural product suggested to inhibit Pgp, will enhance IVM potency as measured by changes in EtOH consumption. Using a within-subjects study design and two-bottle choice study, we tested the combination of DHM (10 mg/kg; i.p.) and IVM (0.5–2.5 mg/kg; i.p.) on EtOH intake and preference in male and female C57BL/6J mice. We also conducted molecular modeling studies of DHM with the nucleotide-binding domain of human Pgp that identified key binding residues associated with Pgp inhibition. We found that DHM increased the potency of IVM in reducing EtOH consumption, resulting in significant effects at the 1.0 mg/kg dose. This combination supports our hypothesis that inhibiting Pgp improves the potency of IVM in reducing EtOH consumption. Collectively, we demonstrate the feasibility of this novel combinatorial approach in reducing EtOH consumption and illustrate the utility of DHM in a novel combinatorial approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Silva
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (J.S.); (C.X.); (J.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Eileen Carry
- Molecular Design and Synthesis Group, Rutgers University Biomedical Research Innovation Core, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (E.C.); (J.Y.R.)
| | - Chen Xue
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (J.S.); (C.X.); (J.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (J.S.); (C.X.); (J.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jing Liang
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (J.S.); (C.X.); (J.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jacques Y. Roberge
- Molecular Design and Synthesis Group, Rutgers University Biomedical Research Innovation Core, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (E.C.); (J.Y.R.)
| | - Daryl L. Davies
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (J.S.); (C.X.); (J.Z.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +13-23-442-1427
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Sharma M, Tiwari V, Shukla S, Panda JJ. Fluorescent Dopamine-Tryptophan Nanocomposites as Dual-Imaging and Antiaggregation Agents: New Generation of Amyloid Theranostics with Trimeric Effects. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:44180-44194. [PMID: 32870652 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation of neurotoxic amyloid-β (Aβ) polypeptides into aberrant extracellular senile plaques is the major neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Inhibiting aggregation of these peptides to control the progression of this deadly disease can serve as a viable therapeutic option. In the current work, inherently fluorescent theranostic dopamine-tryptophan nanocomposites (DTNPs) were developed and investigated for their amyloid inhibition propensity along with their ability to act as a cellular bioimaging agent in neuronal cells. The antiaggregation potency of the nanocomposites was further investigated against an in vitro established reductionist amyloid aggregation model consisting of a mere dipeptide, phenylalanine-phenylalanine (FF). As opposed to large peptide/protein-derived robust and high-molecular-weight amyloid aggregation models of Alzheimer's disease, our dipeptide-based amyloid model provides an edge over others in terms of the ease of handling, synthesis, and cost-effectiveness. Results demonstrated positive antiaggregation behavior of the DTNPs toward both FF-derived amyloid fibrils and preformed Aβ-peptide fibers by means of electron microscopic and circular dichroism-based studies. Our results further pointed toward the neuroprotective effects of the DTNPs in neuroblastoma cells against FF amyloid fibril-induced toxicity and also that they significantly suppressed the accumulation of Aβ42 oligomers in both cortex and hippocampus regions and improved cognitive impairment in an intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (ICV-STZ)-induced animal model of dementia. Besides, DTNPs also exhibited excellent fluorescent properties and light up the cytoplasm of neuroblastoma cells when being coincubated with cells, confirming their ability to serve as an intracellular bioimaging agent. Overall, these results signify the potency of the DTNPs as promising multifunctional theranostic agents for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Sharma
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Virendra Tiwari
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Shubha Shukla
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Jiban Jyoti Panda
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
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Silva J, Khoja S, Asatryan L, Pacifici E, Davies DL. A novel pharmacotherapy approach using P-glycoprotein (PGP/ABCB1) efflux inhibitor combined with ivermectin to reduce alcohol drinking and preference in mice. Alcohol 2020; 86:1-8. [PMID: 32278067 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has a major national impact, affecting over 18 million people, causing approximately 88,000 deaths, and costing upward of $250 billion annually in the United States. Unfortunately, FDA-approved AUD pharmaceuticals are few, and clinical benefits are mostly ineffective in patients suffering from AUD. Therefore, the identification of novel targets and/or innovative methods for the development of safe and effective medications represents a critical public health need. Previously, we reported that avermectin compounds (ivermectin [IVM] and moxidectin [MOX]) significantly reduced ethanol intake in male and female mice. However, avermectin compounds are readily effluxed by P-glycoprotein (Pgp/ABCB1) in the blood-brain barrier (BBB), resulting in reduced retention time by the drugs in the central nervous system (CNS). As such, the doses of IVM or MOX and the time frame for significant reductions of ethanol intake are not ideal. Here we evaluate a novel combinatorial strategy involving IVM and tariquidar (TQ), a third-generation efflux inhibitor of Pgp, to reduce the dosing necessary for improving alcohol (ethanol) consumption behavior. We tested male C57BL/6J mice using a two-bottle choice study to evaluate ethanol consumption and preference. We found that injecting 10 mg/kg of TQ 30 min prior to IVM resulted in a five-fold improvement in the efficacy of IVM (dosed at 0.5 mg/kg), resulting in a significant reduction in ethanol intake and preference. Notably, the reduction by IVM was well tolerated, and no adverse effects were identified when tested at doses ranging from 0.50 mg/kg to 2.0 mg/kg. Collectively, our findings indicate that IVM, in combination with TQ, increases its efficacy in the CNS for reducing ethanol consumption. This work demonstrates a novel combinatorial drug strategy that allows new opportunities for drugs with poor CNS retention, such as IVM, to demonstrate improved potency and potentially improved safety.
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Dabur M, Loureiro JA, Pereira MC. Fluorinated Molecules and Nanotechnology: Future 'Avengers' against the Alzheimer's Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082989. [PMID: 32340267 PMCID: PMC7216102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a serious health concern, affecting millions of people globally, which leads to cognitive impairment, dementia, and inevitable death. There is still no medically accepted treatment for AD. Developing therapeutic treatments for AD is an overwhelming challenge in the medicinal field, as the exact mechanics underlying its devastating symptoms is still not completely understood. Rather than the unknown mechanism of the disease, one of the limiting factors in developing new drugs for AD is the blood–brain barrier (BBB). A combination of nanotechnology with fluorinated molecules is proposed as a promising therapeutic treatment to meet the desired pharmacokinetic/physiochemical properties for crossing the BBB passage. This paper reviews the research conducted on fluorine-containing compounds and fluorinated nanoparticles (NPs) that have been designed and tested for the inhibition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide aggregation. Additionally, this study summarizes fluorinated molecules and NPs as promising agents and further future work is encouraged to be effective for the treatment of AD.
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de Castro AA, Soares FV, Pereira AF, Polisel DA, Caetano MS, Leal DHS, da Cunha EFF, Nepovimova E, Kuca K, Ramalho TC. Non-conventional compounds with potential therapeutic effects against Alzheimer’s disease. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:375-395. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1608823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre A. de Castro
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Flávia V. Soares
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Ander F. Pereira
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Daniel A. Polisel
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Melissa S. Caetano
- Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Daniel H. S. Leal
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
- Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, São Mateus, Brazil
| | - Elaine F. F. da Cunha
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Teodorico C. Ramalho
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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The Controlled Release and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of a Tetramethylpyrazine-Loaded Thermosensitive Poloxamer Hydrogel. Pharm Res 2019; 36:52. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2580-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sharma M, Dube T, Chibh S, Kour A, Mishra J, Panda JJ. Nanotheranostics, a future remedy of neurological disorders. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 16:113-128. [PMID: 30572726 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2019.1562443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Effective therapy of various neurological disorders is hindered on account of the failure of various therapeutics crossing blood-brain-barrier (BBB). Nanotheranostics has emerged as a cutting-edge unconventional theranostic nanomedicine, capable of realizing accurate diagnosis together with effective and targeted delivery of therapeutics across BBB to the unhealthy regions of the brain for potential clinical success. AREAS COVERED We have tried to review the current status of nanotheranostic based approaches followed to manage neurological disorders. The focus has been majorly laid on to explore various theranostic nanoparticles and their application potential towards image-guided neurotherapies. Additionally, the usefulness of exceptional diagnostic, imaging techniques including magnetic resonance imaging and fluorescence imaging are being discussed by highlighting their promising opportunities in the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of the neurological disorders. EXPERT OPINION Inimitable diagnostic and therapeutic potential of nanotheranostics have accomplished the aim of personalized therapies by governing the therapeutic efficacy of the system along with facilitating patient pre-selection grounded on non-invasive imaging, thereby predicting the responses of patients to nanomedicine treatments. While these accomplishments are encouraging, they are still the minority and demands for a continuous effort to improve sensitivity and precision in screening/diagnosis along with improving therapeutic efficacy in various neural disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Sharma
- a Institute of Nano Science and Technology , Mohali , India
| | - Taru Dube
- a Institute of Nano Science and Technology , Mohali , India
| | - Sonika Chibh
- a Institute of Nano Science and Technology , Mohali , India
| | - Avneet Kour
- a Institute of Nano Science and Technology , Mohali , India
| | - Jibanananda Mishra
- b School of Bioengineering and Biosciences , Lovely Professional University , Phagwara , India
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Ahmad J, Akhter S, Rizwanullah M, Khan MA, Pigeon L, Addo RT, Greig NH, Midoux P, Pichon C, Kamal MA. Nanotechnology Based Theranostic Approaches in Alzheimer's Disease Management: Current Status and Future Perspective. Curr Alzheimer Res 2018; 14:1164-1181. [PMID: 28482786 DOI: 10.2174/1567205014666170508121031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD), a cognitive dysfunction/dementia state amongst the elders is characterized by irreversible neurodegeneration due to varied pathophysiology. Up till now, anti-AD drugs having different pharmacology have been developed and used in clinic. Yet, these medications are not curative and only lowering the AD associated symptoms. Improvement in treatment outcome required drug targeting across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to the central nervous system (CNS) in optimal therapeutic concentration. Nanotechnology based diagnostic tools, drug carriers and theranostics offer highly sensitive molecular detection, effective drug targeting and their combination. Over the past decade, significant works have been done in this area and we have seen very remarkable outocome in AD therapy. Various nanoparticles from organic and inorganic nanomaterial category have successfully been investigated against AD. CONCLUSION This paper discussed the role of nanoparticles in early detection of AD, effective drug targeting to brain and theranostic (diagnosis and therapy) approaches in AD's management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, UP- 229010. India
| | - Sohail Akhter
- LE STUDIUM® Loire Valley Institute for Advanced Studies, Centre-Val de Loire Region, Orleans, France
| | - Md Rizwanullah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062. India
| | - Mohammad Ahmed Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062. India
| | - Lucie Pigeon
- Nucleic acids transfer by non viral methods, Centre de Biophysique Moleculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Orleans, France
| | - Richard T Addo
- Union University, School of Pharmacy Room 149 Providence Hall, 1050 Union University Drive, Jackson, TN 38305. United States
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National, Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224. United States
| | - Patrick Midoux
- Nucleic acids transfer by non viral methods, Centre de Biophysique Moleculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Orleans, France
| | - Chantal Pichon
- Nucleic acids transfer by non viral methods, Centre de Biophysique Moleculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Orleans, France
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Gurman P, Elman N, Rosen Y. Drug Delivery Systems. Drug Deliv 2017. [DOI: 10.1201/9781315117584-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Roy N, Nazeem PA, Babu TD, Abida PS, Narayanankutty A, Valsalan R, Valsala PA, Raghavamenon AC. EGFR gene regulation in colorectal cancer cells by garlic phytocompounds with special emphasis on S-Allyl-L-Cysteine Sulfoxide. Interdiscip Sci 2017; 10:686-693. [PMID: 28349439 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-017-0227-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one among the most common cancers in the world and a major cause of cancer related deaths. Similar to other cancers, colorectal carcinogenesis is often associated with over expression of genes related to cell growth and proliferation, especially Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). There is an increasing attention towards the plant derived compounds in prevention of colorectal carcinogenesis by downregulating EGFR. Among plants, garlic (Allium sativum L.) is emerging with anticancer properties by virtue of its organosulfur compounds. The present study was aimed to analyze the interaction ability of garlic compounds in the active region of EGFR gene by in silico molecular docking studies and in vitro validation. This was conducted using the Discovery studio software version 4.0. Among the tested compounds, s-allyl-l-cysteine-sulfoxide (SACS)/alliin showed higher affinity towards EGFR. Furthermore, wet lab analysis using cell viability test and EGFR expression analysis in colorectal cancer cells confirmed its efficacy as a potent anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabarun Roy
- Distributed Information Centre, Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, 680656, Kerala, India.
| | - P A Nazeem
- Distributed Information Centre, Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, 680656, Kerala, India
| | - T D Babu
- Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre (Recognized centre of University of Calicut), Amala Nagar, Thrissur, 680555, Kerala, India
| | - P S Abida
- Distributed Information Centre, Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, 680656, Kerala, India
| | - Arunaksharan Narayanankutty
- Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre (Recognized centre of University of Calicut), Amala Nagar, Thrissur, 680555, Kerala, India
| | - Ravisankar Valsalan
- Distributed Information Centre, Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, 680656, Kerala, India
| | - P A Valsala
- Distributed Information Centre, Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, 680656, Kerala, India
| | - Achuthan C Raghavamenon
- Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre (Recognized centre of University of Calicut), Amala Nagar, Thrissur, 680555, Kerala, India
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Sezgin-bayindir Z, Ergin AD, Parmaksiz M, Elcin AE, Elcin YM, Yuksel N. Evaluation of various block copolymers for micelle formation and brain drug delivery: In vitro characterization and cellular uptake studies. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Antimisiaris S, Mourtas S, Markoutsa E, Skouras A, Papadia K. Nanoparticles for Diagnosis and/or Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Adv Healthc Mater 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118774205.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Bana L, Minniti S, Salvati E, Sesana S, Zambelli V, Cagnotto A, Orlando A, Cazzaniga E, Zwart R, Scheper W, Masserini M, Re F. Liposomes bi-functionalized with phosphatidic acid and an ApoE-derived peptide affect Aβ aggregation features and cross the blood-brain-barrier: implications for therapy of Alzheimer disease. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 10:1583-90. [PMID: 24333591 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Targeting amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) within the brain is a strategy actively sought for therapy of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated the ability of liposomes bi-functionalized with phosphatidic acid and with a modified ApoE-derived peptide (mApoE-PA-LIP) to affect Aβ aggregation/disaggregation features and to cross in vitro and in vivo the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Surface plasmon resonance showed that bi-functionalized liposomes strongly bind Aβ (kD=0.6 μM), while Thioflavin-T and SDS-PAGE/WB assays show that liposomes inhibit peptide aggregation (70% inhibition after 72 h) and trigger the disaggregation of preformed aggregates (60% decrease after 120 h incubation). Moreover, experiments with dually radiolabelled LIP suggest that bi-functionalization enhances the passage of radioactivity across the BBB either in vitro (permeability=2.5×10(-5) cm/min, 5-fold higher with respect to mono-functionalized liposomes) or in vivo in healthy mice. Taken together, our results suggest that mApoE-PA-LIP are valuable nanodevices with a potential applicability in vivo for the treatment of AD. From the clinical editor: Bi-functionalized liposomes with phosphatidic acid and a modified ApoE-derived peptide were demonstrated to influence Aβ aggregation/disaggregation as a potential treatment in an Alzheimer's model. The liposomes were able to cross the blood-brain barrier in vitro and in vivo. Similar liposomes may become clinically valuable nanodevices with a potential applicability for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bana
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Stefania Minniti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Elisa Salvati
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Silvia Sesana
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Vanessa Zambelli
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Alfredo Cagnotto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Antonina Orlando
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Emanuela Cazzaniga
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Rob Zwart
- Department of Genome Analysis, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Wiep Scheper
- Department of Genome Analysis, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, AZ, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Massimo Masserini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
| | - Francesca Re
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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Flanigan JC, Jilaveanu LB, Chiang VL, Kluger HM. Advances in therapy for melanoma brain metastases. Clin Dermatol 2013; 31:264-81. [PMID: 23608446 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma cells frequently metastasize to the brain, and approximately 50% of patients with metastatic melanoma develop intracranial disease. Historically, central nervous system dissemination has portended a very poor prognosis. Recent advances in systemic therapies for melanoma, supported by improved local therapy control of brain lesions, have resulted in better median survival for these patients. We review current local and systemic approaches for patients with melanoma brain metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn C Flanigan
- Department of Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Targeting, Imaging and Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Pharm Res 2013; 30:2499-511. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Richter W, Menniti FS, Zhang HT, Conti M. PDE4 as a target for cognition enhancement. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 17:1011-27. [PMID: 23883342 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.818656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The second messengers cAMP and cGMP mediate fundamental aspects of brain function relevant to memory, learning, and cognitive functions. Consequently, cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs), the enzymes that inactivate the cyclic nucleotides, are promising targets for the development of cognition-enhancing drugs. AREAS COVERED PDE4 is the largest of the 11 mammalian PDE families. This review covers the properties and functions of the PDE4 family, highlighting procognitive and memory-enhancing effects associated with their inactivation. EXPERT OPINION PAN-selective PDE4 inhibitors exert a number of memory- and cognition-enhancing effects and have neuroprotective and neuroregenerative properties in preclinical models. The major hurdle for their clinical application is to target inhibitors to specific PDE4 isoforms relevant to particular cognitive disorders to realize the therapeutic potential while avoiding side effects, in particular emesis and nausea. The PDE4 family comprises four genes, PDE4A-D, each expressed as multiple variants. Progress to date stems from characterization of rodent models with selective ablation of individual PDE4 subtypes, revealing that individual subtypes exert unique and non-redundant functions in the brain. Thus, targeting specific PDE4 subtypes, as well as splicing variants or conformational states, represents a promising strategy to separate the therapeutic benefits from the side effects of PAN-PDE4 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wito Richter
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94143-0556, USA.
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Use of functional imaging across clinical phases in CNS drug development. Transl Psychiatry 2013; 3:e282. [PMID: 23860483 PMCID: PMC3731782 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2013.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of novel brain biomarkers using nuclear magnetic resonance imaging holds potential of making central nervous system (CNS) drug development more efficient. By evaluating changes in brain function in the disease state or drug effects on brain function, the technology opens up the possibility of obtaining objective data on drug effects in the living awake brain. By providing objective data, imaging may improve the probability of success of identifying useful drugs to treat CNS diseases across all clinical phases (I-IV) of drug development. The evolution of functional imaging and the promise it holds to contribute to drug development will require the development of standards (including good imaging practice), but, if well integrated into drug development, functional imaging can define markers of CNS penetration, drug dosing and target engagement (even for drugs that are not amenable to positron emission tomography imaging) in phase I; differentiate objective measures of efficacy and side effects and responders vs non-responders in phase II, evaluate differences between placebo and drug in phase III trials and provide insights into disease modification in phase IV trials.
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Investigation of the performance of PEG-PEI/ROCK-II-siRNA complexes for Alzheimer's disease in vitro. Brain Res 2012; 1490:43-51. [PMID: 23103413 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have showed inhibiting ROCK promoted axonal regeneration and suppressing ROCK-II decreased Aβ formation, suggesting ROCK is a potential target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Because ROCK-II mRNA is abundantly expressed in brain, we targeted ROCK-II mRNA using a siRNA approach. To suppress ROCK-II mRNA expression, we synthesized PEG-PEI/ROCK-II-siRNA complexes and transfected C17.2 neural stem cells in vitro. The characteristics of the complexes were tested using a gel retardation assay. Particle size and zeta potential were examined using dynamic light scattering and the morphology of the complexes were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The toxicity was detected by an MTT assay and transfection efficiency was determined by flow cytometry. Laser confocal microscopy was employed to investigate the cell uptake of the complexes. RT-PCR and western blotting were used to verify the effect of gene silencing. Our results indicated that the characteristics of the complexes depended on the N/P ratios. At a high N/P ratio, PEG-PEI could completely condense the siRNA into small-sized uniform particles. However, high N/P ratios are accompanied with high cytotoxicity. Because of high transfection efficiency and low cytotoxicity, N/P=50 was chosen to transfect C17.2 cells in vitro. Laser confocal microscopy showed that ROCK-II-siRNA with green fluorescence was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm and synapses. Moreover, ROCK-II-siRNA was successfully released from the lysosome. RT-PCR and western blotting demonstrated effective gene silencing. These results indicated that PEG-PEI/ROCK-II-siRNA complexes effectively suppressed ROCK-II mRNA expression, providing the basis for future research in vivo.
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Bernardi A, Frozza RL, Meneghetti A, Hoppe JB, Battastini AMO, Pohlmann AR, Guterres SS, Salbego CG. Indomethacin-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules reduce the damage triggered by Aβ1-42 in Alzheimer's disease models. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:4927-42. [PMID: 23028221 PMCID: PMC3446842 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s35333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, characterized by the accumulation of activated microglia and reactive astrocytes, is believed to modulate the development and/or progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Epidemiological studies suggesting that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs decrease the risk of developing AD have encouraged further studies elucidating the role of inflammation in AD. Nanoparticles have become an important focus of neurotherapeutic research because they are an especially effective form of drug delivery. Here, we investigate the potential protective effect of indomethacin-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules (IndOH-LNCs) against cell damage and neuroinflammation induced by amyloid beta (Aβ)1-42 in AD models. Our results show that IndOH-LNCs attenuated Aβ-induced cell death and were able to block the neuroinflammation triggered by Aβ1-42 in organotypic hippocampal cultures. Additionally, IndOH-LNC treatment was able to increase interleukin-10 release and decrease glial activation and c-jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation. As a model of Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in vivo, animals received a single intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ1-42 (1 nmol/site), and 1 day after Aβ1-42 infusion, they were administered either free IndOH or IndOH-LNCs (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) for 14 days. Only the treatment with IndOH-LNCs significantly attenuated the impairment of this behavior triggered by intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ1-42. Further, treatment with IndOH-LNCs was able to block the decreased synaptophysin levels induced by Aβ1-42 and suppress glial and microglial activation. These findings might be explained by the increase of IndOH concentration in brain tissue attained using drug-loaded lipid-core NCs. All these findings support the idea that blockage of neuroinflammation triggered by Aβ is involved in the neuroprotective effects of IndOH-LNCs. These data provide strong evidence that IndOH-LNC treatment may represent a promising approach for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Bernardi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Drug delivery to the brain via the blood-brain barrier: a review of the literature and some recent patent disclosures. Ther Deliv 2012; 2:311-27. [PMID: 22834002 DOI: 10.4155/tde.11.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivery of drugs to the brain is challenging, not only for large biopharmaceutical molecules, but also for small organics, which are effluxed from the brain capillary endothelial cells. These cells constitute, in part, the selectively permeable blood-brain barrier. Progress is being made using delivery systems comprising a vector, a linker and cargo, which are purported to enter the brain via receptors on the luminal surface of the brain capillary endothelial cells. Unfortunately, from a delivery perspective, these receptors are not expressed only on brain capillary endothelial cells; so the approaches described in this review are for enhanced delivery to the brain, not for specific brain targeting. The inventions disclosed in patents relate to technologies to screen for new blood-brain barrier receptors and to identify new vectors, or describe systems that deliver cargoes to the brain via any blood-brain barrier receptor, or define specified peptide vectors that target a specific receptor. To date, only one of the technologies has reached early clinical trials and, as always, major challenges remain to be addressed.
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Potschka H. Role of CNS efflux drug transporters in antiepileptic drug delivery: overcoming CNS efflux drug transport. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:943-52. [PMID: 22210135 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 12/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Experimental support for the transporter hypothesis of drug resistance in epilepsies has triggered efforts developing and validating approaches to overcome enhanced blood-brain barrier efflux transport. Testing in rodent models has rendered proof-of-concept for an add-on therapy with antiepileptic drugs. However, further development of the approach would require tolerability considerations as efflux transporters serve an important protective function throughout the body limiting distribution of harmful xenobiotics. Relevant progress has been made in the elucidation of mechanisms driving up-regulation of the multidrug transporter P-glycoprotein in response to seizure activity. Based on this knowledge, novel strategies have been evaluated targeting the signaling cascade that regulates P-glycoprotein in the epileptic brain. Further concepts might include by-passing blood-brain barrier transporters by intracerebral administration or by encapsulation of antiepileptic drugs in nano-sized carrier systems. It is important to note that the future perspectives of respective approaches are still questionable based on the limited evidence for a clinical relevance of transporter expression. Thus, techniques are urgently needed for non-invasive assessment of blood-brain barrier transporter function. Respective techniques would allow testing for a clinical correlation between pharmacosensitivity and transporter function, validating therapeutic strategies targeting efflux transporters and selecting patients with transporter over-expression for respective clinical trials. Provided that further clinical data render support for the transporter hypothesis, the main question remains whether patients exist in which transporter over-expression is the predominant mechanism of drug resistance and in which overcoming drug efflux is equivalent with overcoming drug resistance. Imaging techniques might provide a tool to address these questions in clinical epileptology. However, the complex pharmacological interactions between antiepileptic drugs, radiotracers, and transporter modulators used in these approaches as well as interindividual differences in the brain pathology might hamper clear-cut conclusions and limit the diagnostic significance.
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Tucker IG, Yang L, Mujoo H. Delivery of drugs to the brain via the blood brain barrier using colloidal carriers. J Microencapsul 2012; 29:475-86. [PMID: 22563886 DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2012.658445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Delivering drugs to the brain is challenging given the selective permeability of the blood brain barrier (BBB). Targeted colloidal carriers containing drug payloads offer some promise for enhanced and perhaps selective delivery to brain. This review examines the recent literature and identifies issues to be addressed if these systems are to be rationally designed. These include opsonization of nanoparticles and off-target clearance; the cerebral microvasculature, flow of nanoparticles in capillaries and binding to the capillary wall; and transcytosis. Capillary architecture, blood flow and BBB permeability are affected by disease and age and there are species differences. These complexities caution against making extravagant claims for a particular nanosystem but they also highlight the rich opportunities and need for critical research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian G Tucker
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
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Treatment of brain inflammatory diseases by delivering exosome encapsulated anti-inflammatory drugs from the nasal region to the brain. Mol Ther 2011; 19:1769-79. [PMID: 21915101 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2011.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 982] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, exosomes used to encapsulate curcumin (Exo-cur) or a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) inhibitor, i.e., JSI124 (Exo-JSI124) were delivered noninvasively to microglia cells via an intranasal route. The results generated from three inflammation-mediated disease models, i.e., a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced brain inflammation model, experimental autoimmune encephalitis and a GL26 brain tumor model, showed that mice treated intranasally with Exo-cur or Exo-JSI124 are protected from LPS-induced brain inflammation, the progression of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and had significantly delayed brain tumor growth in the GL26 tumor model. Intranasal administration of Exo-cur or Exo-JSI124 led to rapid delivery of exosome encapsulated drug to the brain that was selectively taken up by microglial cells, and subsequently induced apoptosis of microglial cells. Our results demonstrate that this strategy may provide a noninvasive and novel therapeutic approach for treating brain inflammatory-related diseases.
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Janero DR, Lindsley L, Vemuri VK, Makriyannis A. Cannabinoid 1 G protein-coupled receptor (periphero-)neutral antagonists: emerging therapeutics for treating obesity-driven metabolic disease and reducing cardiovascular risk. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2011; 6:995-1025. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2011.608063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus displays a narrow tropism for CD4+ mononuclear cells, and activated CD4+ T lymphocytes are the main target. When these cells are depleted by viral replication, bystander apoptosis and increased cell turnover mediated by immune activation, there is a progressive immunodeficiency (i.e., AIDS). Despite this specific cell tropism, HIV-infected persons demonstrate pathology in nearly every organ system. This article reviews current understanding of tissue-specific HIV-1 infection in the CNS, the genital tract, and gastrointestinal-associated lymphoid tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maile Ay Karris
- University of California, San Diego, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stein Clinical Research Bldg MC 0679, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Shonberg J, Scammells PJ, Capuano B. Design strategies for bivalent ligands targeting GPCRs. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:963-74. [PMID: 21520422 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Specifically designed bivalent ligands targeting G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) dimeric structures have become increasingly popular in recent literature. The advantages of the bivalent approach are numerous, including enhanced potency and receptor subtype specificity. However, the use of bivalent ligands as potential pharmacotherapeutics is limited by problematic molecular properties, such as high molecular weight and lipophilicity. This minireview focuses on the design of bivalent ligands recently described in the literature; discussing the choice of lead pharmacophore, the position and nature of the attachment point for linking the two pharmacophore units, and the length and composition of the spacer group. Furthermore, this minireview distils the molecular descriptors of the bivalent ligands that exhibit in vivo activity, as well as highlights their ability to access the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Shonberg
- Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Action, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Brambilla D, Le Droumaguet B, Nicolas J, Hashemi SH, Wu LP, Moghimi SM, Couvreur P, Andrieux K. Nanotechnologies for Alzheimer's disease: diagnosis, therapy, and safety issues. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2011; 7:521-40. [PMID: 21477665 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents the most common form of dementia worldwide, affecting more than 35 million people. Advances in nanotechnology are beginning to exert a significant impact in neurology. These approaches, which are often based on the design and engineering of a plethora of nanoparticulate entities with high specificity for brain capillary endothelial cells, are currently being applied to early AD diagnosis and treatment. In addition, nanoparticles (NPs) with high affinity for the circulating amyloid-β (Aβ) forms may induce "sink effect" and improve the AD condition. There are also developments in relation to in vitro diagnostics for AD, including ultrasensitive NP-based bio-barcodes, immunosensors, as well as scanning tunneling microscopy procedures capable of detecting Aβ(1-40) and Aβ(1-42). However, there are concerns regarding the initiation of possible NP-mediated adverse events in AD, thus demanding the use of precisely assembled nanoconstructs from biocompatible materials. Key advances and safety issues are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Brambilla
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie, Pharmacotechnie et Biopharmacie, Univ Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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