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Tanino T, Ueda Y, Nagai N, Ishihara Y, Saijo M, Funakami Y. In vivo upstream factors of mouse hepatotoxic mechanism with sustained hepatic glutathione depletion: Acetaminophen metabolite-erythrocyte adducts and splenic macrophage-generated reactive oxygen species. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 398:111091. [PMID: 38825056 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Investigation of acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver damage recently indicated the significance of phagocytic NADPH oxidase (NOX)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ferroptosis in the liver. Here, we focused on phagocytosis by iron-containing erythrocyte-devouring splenic macrophages and explored upstream factors of known APAP hepatotoxic mechanisms in vivo. Splenectomy did not alter hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2E1 activity or hepatic glutathione (GSH) content. APAP injection into splenectomized mice almost completely suppressed increases in plasma alanine aminotransferase levels and centrilobular hepatic necrosis showing the spleen to be a critical tissue in APAP-induced liver damage. Hepatic GSH was recovered to approximately 50 % content at 8 h. In non-splenectomized mice, liver damage was dramatically suppressed by a sensitive redox probe (DCFH-DA), macrophage-depleting clodronate (CL), and a NOX2 inhibitor. APAP treatment resulted in markedly stronger fluorescence intensity from DCFH-DA due to excessive ROS around splenic macrophages, which was lost upon co-treatment with a CYP inhibitor and CL. Deformed erythrocytes disappeared in mice co-treated with DCFH-DA, CL, the NOX2 inhibitor, and the CYP inhibitor. Simultaneously, these four compounds significantly improved APAP-depleted GSH levels. The CYP inhibitor also prevented the formation of APAP-cell adducts in the blood and spleen. In the spleen, CL co-treatment markedly reduced the number of adducts. Splenic ferrous iron levels were significantly elevated by APAP. Therefore, we demonstrated that splenic macrophages devoured APAP metabolite-erythrocyte adducts and subsequently splenic macrophage-related ROS caused sustained hepatic GSH depletion and excessive erythrocyte deformation around 7 h. Our data indicate in vivo upstream factors of known APAP hepatotoxic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadatoshi Tanino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Bouji Nishihama, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan.
| | - Yukari Ueda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Bouji Nishihama, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan.
| | - Noriaki Nagai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Yuka Ishihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Bouji Nishihama, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan.
| | - Minori Saijo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Bouji Nishihama, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan.
| | - Yoshinori Funakami
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan.
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Jagtap YA, Kumar P, Dubey AR, Kinger S, Choudhary A, Karmakar S, Lal G, Kumar A, Kumar A, Prasad A, Mishra A. Acetaminophen induces mitochondrial apoptosis through proteasome dysfunctions. Life Sci 2024; 349:122732. [PMID: 38768775 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Acetaminophen is a known antipyretic and non-opioid analgesic for mild pain and fever. Numerous studies uncover their hidden chemotherapeutics applications, including chronic cancer pain management. Acetaminophen also represents an anti-proliferative effect in some cancer cells. Few studies also suggest that the use of Acetaminophen can trigger apoptosis and impede cellular growth. However, Acetaminophen's molecular potential and precise mechanism against improper cellular proliferation and use as an effective anti-proliferative agent still need to be better understood. Here, our current findings show that Acetaminophen induces proteasomal dysfunctions, resulting in aberrant protein accumulation and mitochondrial abnormalities, and consequently induces cell apoptosis. We observed that the Acetaminophen treatment leads to improper aggregation of ubiquitylated expanded polyglutamine proteins, which may be due to the dysfunctions of proteasome activities. Our in-silico analysis suggests the interaction of Acetaminophen and proteasome. Furthermore, we demonstrated the accumulation of proteasome substrates and the depletion of proteasome activities after treating Acetaminophen in cells. Acetaminophen induces proteasome dysfunctions and mitochondrial abnormalities, leading to pro-apoptotic morphological changes and apoptosis successively. These results suggest that Acetaminophen can induce cell death and may retain a promising anti-proliferative effect. These observations can open new possible molecular strategies in the near future for developing and designing specific and effective proteasome inhibitors, which can be helpful in conjugation with other anti-tumor drugs for their better efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuvraj Anandrao Jagtap
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India
| | - Ankur Rakesh Dubey
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India
| | - Sumit Kinger
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India
| | - Akash Choudhary
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India
| | - Surojit Karmakar
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Girdhari Lal
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Amit Prasad
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India.
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Chen C, Feng D, Wang Y, Yao T, Mackowiak B, Gao B. Necrotic Liver Lesion Resolution: Another Mode of Liver Regeneration. Semin Liver Dis 2024. [PMID: 38955211 DOI: 10.1055/a-2358-9505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The liver has the great ability to regenerate after partial resection or injury, and the mechanisms underlying liver regeneration have been extensively investigated. Interestingly, acute liver injuries triggered by various etiologies are associated with the formation of necrotic lesions, and such necrotic lesions are also rapidly resolved. However, how necrotic liver lesions are repaired has not been carefully investigated until recently. In this review, we briefly summarize the spatiotemporal process of necrotic liver lesion resolution in several liver injury models including immune-mediated liver injury and drug-induced liver injury. The roles of liver nonparenchymal cells and infiltrating immune cells in controlling necrotic liver lesion resolution are discussed, which may help identify potential therapies for acute liver injury and failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tiantian Yao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bryan Mackowiak
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Kim DY, Park HJ, Eom JI, Han CH, Pan CH, Lee JK. Ethanol Extract of the Microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum Shows Hepatoprotective Effects against Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6247. [PMID: 38892435 PMCID: PMC11172906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure is an infrequent yet fatal condition marked by rapid liver function decline, leading to abnormalities in blood clotting and cognitive impairment among individuals without prior liver ailments. The primary reasons for liver failure are infection with hepatitis virus or overdose of certain medicines, such as acetaminophen. Phaeodactylum tricornutum (PT), a type of microalgae known as a diatom species, has been reported to contain an active ingredient with anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity effects. In this study, we evaluated the preventive and therapeutic activities of PT extract in acute liver failure. To achieve our purpose, we used two different acute liver failure models: acetaminophen- and D-GalN/LPS-induced acute liver failure. PT extract showed protective activity against acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure through attenuation of the inflammatory response. However, we failed to demonstrate the protective effects of PT against acute liver injury in the D-GalN/LPS model. Although the PT extract did not show protective activity against two different acute liver failure animal models, this study clearly demonstrates the importance of considering the differences among animal models when selecting an acute liver failure model for evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Yoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hui Jin Park
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jae-In Eom
- Microalgae Ask Us Co., Ltd., Gangneung 25441, Republic of Korea; (J.-I.E.); (C.-H.H.)
| | - Cheol-Ho Han
- Microalgae Ask Us Co., Ltd., Gangneung 25441, Republic of Korea; (J.-I.E.); (C.-H.H.)
| | - Cheol-Ho Pan
- Microalgae Ask Us Co., Ltd., Gangneung 25441, Republic of Korea; (J.-I.E.); (C.-H.H.)
| | - Jae Kwon Lee
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea;
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Beţiu AM, Lighezan R, Avram VF, Muntean DM, Elmér E, Petrescu L. Dose-dependent effects of acetaminophen and ibuprofen on mitochondrial respiration of human platelets. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:1501-1512. [PMID: 37486451 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04814-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen and ibuprofen are widely used over-the-counter medications to reduce fever, pain, and inflammation. Although both drugs are safe in therapeutic concentrations, self-medication is practiced by millions of aged patients with comorbidities that decrease drug metabolism and/or excretion, thus raising the risk of overdosage. Mitochondrial dysfunction has emerged as an important pathomechanism underlying the organ toxicity of both drugs. Assessment of mitochondrial oxygen consumption in peripheral blood cells is a novel research field Cu several applications, including characterization of drug toxicity. The present study, conducted in human platelets isolated from blood donor-derived buffy coat, was aimed at assessing the acute, concentration-dependent effects of each drug on mitochondrial respiration. Using the high-resolution respirometry technique, a concentration-dependent decrease of oxygen consumption in both intact and permeabilized platelets was found for either drug, mainly by inhibiting complex I-supported active respiration. Moreover, ibuprofen significantly decreased the maximal capacity of the electron transport system already from the lowest concentration. In conclusion, platelets from healthy donors represents a population of cells easily available, which can be routinely used in studies assessing mitochondrial drug toxicity. Whether these results can be recapitulated in patients treated with these medications is worth further investigation as potential peripheral biomarker of drug overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Maria Beţiu
- Doctoral School Medicine-Pharmacy, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timişoara, Romania, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timişoara, Romania, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Rodica Lighezan
- Department of Infectious Diseases-Parasitology, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timişoara, Romania, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timisoara, Romania
- Regional Blood Transfusion Center, Timişoara, Str. Martir M. Ciopec No. 1, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Vlad Florian Avram
- Department of Internal Medicine-Diabetes, Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases and Rheumatology, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timişoara, Romania, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Danina Mirela Muntean
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timişoara, Romania, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timisoara, Romania.
- Department of Functional Sciences-Pathophysiology, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timişoara, Romania, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timisoara, Romania.
- Department of Functional Sciences-Pathophysiology, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timişoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Eskil Elmér
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, BMC A13, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
- Abliva AB, Medicon Village, 223 81, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Lucian Petrescu
- Doctoral School Medicine-Pharmacy, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timişoara, Romania, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timişoara, Romania, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timisoara, Romania
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Yang D, Zhao M, Huang Y, Chen L, Fang J, Liu J, Wang M, Zhao C. β-Cyclodextrin metal-organic framework as a green carrier to improve the dissolution, bioavailability, and liver protective effect of luteolin. Int J Pharm X 2024; 7:100250. [PMID: 38711828 PMCID: PMC11070924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of acetaminophen-induced liver injury has increased, but effective prevention methods are limited. Although luteolin has hepatoprotective activity, its low solubility and bioavailability limit its applications. Cyclodextrin metal-organic frameworks (CD-MOFs) possess 3D-network structures and large inner cavities, which make them excellent carriers of poorly soluble drugs. In this study, we used CD-MOFs as carriers to improve the dissolution of luteolin and assessed their antioxidant activity, bioavailability, and hepatoprotective effects. Luteolin was loaded into β-CD-MOF, γ-CD-MOF, β-CD, and γ-CD, and characterized by powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Our results showed that luteolin-β-CD-MOF was the most stable. The main driving forces were hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces, as determined by molecular simulation. The loading capacity of luteolin-β-CD-MOF was 14.67 wt%. Compared to raw luteolin, luteolin-β-CD-MOF exhibited a 4.50-fold increase in dissolution and increased antioxidant activity in vitro. Luteolin-β-CD-MOF increased the bioavailability of luteolin by approximately 4.04- and 11.07-fold in healthy rats and liver injured rats induced by acetaminophen in vivo, respectively. As determined by biochemical analysis, luteolin-β-CD-MOF exhibited a better hepatoprotective effect than raw luteolin in rats with acetaminophen-induced liver injury. This study provides a new approach for preventing acetaminophen-mediated liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Pharmaceutical Department, Liaoning Provincial People's Hospital, Wenyi Road 33, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yihe Huang
- School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Liwen Chen
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jiqin Fang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jiaonan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Miao Wang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chunjie Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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Kim D, Lee HW, Park SM, Lee JE, Lee SJ, Kim BS, Oh SJ, Moon BS, Yoon HJ. Application of TSPO-Specific Positron Emission Tomography Radiotracer as an Early Indicator of Acute Liver Failure Induced by Propacetamol, a Prodrug of Paracetamol. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5942. [PMID: 38892130 PMCID: PMC11173123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen overdose is a leading cause of acute liver failure (ALF), and effective treatment depends on early prediction of disease progression. ALF diagnosis currently requires blood collection 24-72 h after APAP ingestion, necessitating repeated tests and hospitalization. Here, we assessed earlier ALF diagnosis using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of translocator proteins (TSPOs), which are involved in molecular transport, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and energy metabolism, with the radiotracer [18F]GE180. We intraperitoneally administered propacetamol hydrochloride to male C57BL/6 mice to induce ALF. We performed in vivo PET/CT imaging 3 h later using the TSPO-specific radiotracer [18F]GE180 and quantitatively analyzed the PET images by determining the averaged standardized uptake value (SUVav) in the liver parenchyma. We assessed liver TSPO expression levels via real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. [18F]GE180 PET imaging 3 h after propacetamol administration (1500 mg/kg) significantly increased liver SUVav compared to controls (p = 0.001). Analyses showed a 10-fold and 4-fold increase in TSPO gene and protein expression, respectively, in the liver, 3 h after propacetamol induction compared to controls. [18F]GE180 PET visualized and quantified propacetamol-induced ALF through TSPO overexpression. These findings highlight TSPO PET's potential as a non-invasive imaging biomarker for early-stage ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daehee Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (D.K.); (H.W.L.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (D.K.); (H.W.L.)
| | - Sun Mi Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea; (S.M.P.); (B.S.K.)
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sang Ju Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (S.J.L.); (S.J.O.)
| | - Bom Sahn Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea; (S.M.P.); (B.S.K.)
| | - Seung Jun Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (S.J.L.); (S.J.O.)
| | - Byung Seok Moon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea; (S.M.P.); (B.S.K.)
| | - Hai-Jeon Yoon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea;
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Rasouli H, Razavi BM, Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar M, Sadeghian H, Tabatabaee Yazdi SA, Hosseinzadeh H. Hepatoprotective effect of amifostine and WR-1065 on acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity on Wistar rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03000-2. [PMID: 38381146 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03000-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The most important problem with acetaminophen is its hepatotoxicity. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is used to treat the hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen. Due to the structural similarities of this compound with amifostine, we decided to test the effect of this substance and its metabolite, WR-1065, on the hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen. METHODS The single-dose method contained 1. Control; 2. Acetaminophen (1 g/kg, gavage); 3-5. Acetaminophen + amifostine (100, 200, 400 mg/kg, i.p.); 6-8. Acetaminophen + WR-1065 (50, 100, 200 mg/kg, i.p.); and 9. Acetaminophen + NAC (100, 200 mg/kg, i.p.). The multiple-dose method included the same groups: amifostine (50, 100, 200 mg/kg), WR-1065 (25, 50, 100 mg/kg), and NAC (100 mg/kg). Then, animals were sacrificed, and blood samples were collected for measuring ALT, AST, ALP, and T-Bil, liver tissue for histopathological examination, MDA, and GSH amounts. RESULTS Acetaminophen increased the levels of MDA, T-Bil, ALT, AST, and ALP, decreased GSH levels, and augmented necrosis, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages in the port space in single-dose and multiple-dose studies. Amifostine and WR-1065 significantly reduced the levels of MDA, T-Bil, ALT, AST, ALP, increased GSH content, and ameliorated histopathological alterations in a single-dose and multiple-dose method compared to the acetaminophen group. Moreover, NAC caused a significant decrease in the levels of MDA, T-Bil, ALT, AST, and ALP, and reduced GSH amounts in single-dose and multiple-dose studies. CONCLUSION Amifostine and WR-1065 as antioxidant and hepatoprotective compounds are effective in reducing acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity with a similar effect to NAC and can be administered as an adjunct in the treatment of acetaminophen overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashem Rasouli
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Sadeghian
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Sumaiya S, Siddiqui A, Chaudhary SS, Aslam M, Ahmad S, Ansari MA. Isolation and characterization of bioactive components from hydroalcoholic extract of Cymbopogon jwarancusa (Jones) Schult. to evaluate its hepatoprotective activity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117185. [PMID: 37714225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cymbopogon jwarancusa (Jones) Schult. (Family: Poacea/Gramineae) is being used to treat numerous ailments in traditional/folklore and indigenous system of medicine due to its antioxidant, anti-allergic, antiparasitic, analgesic, antipyretic and anticancer activities; however there is no documented evidence regarding its hepatoprotective efficacy. AIM This study was aimed to evaluate hepatoprotective activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Cymbopogon jwarancusa (HECJ) against paracetamol (PCM) induced liver damage in albino Wistar rats, and to identify the bioactive components present in the extract responsible for the said activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five groups of rats (n = 6) were orally treated with: 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (normal control), 50 mg/kg silymarin (reference standard), HECJ [515 mg/kg (low dose) and 720 mg/kg (high dose)] (test groups) for 7 days daily, followed by induction of hepato-toxicity using PCM (2 gm/kg) on 7th day (PCM control; reference standard; test groups). The blood samples to estimate the level of AST, ALT, ALP, total bilirubin and total protein; liver tissue homogenate for antioxidant markers (GSH, GST, GPx, and LPO) and liver section for histopathological analysis were collected. Isolation and characterization of phytochemicals from HECJ was done by preliminary screening, determination of phenolic, flavonoid and terpenoid content, and GC-MS analysis. RESULTS The animals pre-treated with HECJ dose-dependently and significantly alleviated the PCM-induced alterations in liver enzymes, plasma proteins, serum total bilirubin and antioxidant markers levels. The histopathological analysis suggest that PCM causes marked necrosis and lymphocyte infiltration, while preservation of the normal hepatic architecture was observed in groups pre-treated with, reference standard drug silymarin, and HECJ. Preliminary screening of the extract, determination of phenolic, flavonoid and terpenoid content, and GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of some important bioactive components such as phenolics, flavonoids, glycoside, tannins, steroids, fatty acids, sterols, esters, saponins, terpenes/terpenoids and essential oil which could be synergistically responsible for the plant's hepatoprotective effect. CONCLUSIONS This study concluded that C. jwarancusa could be taken as a beneficial natural product for its hepatoprotective efficacy; however, future line of work is required to establish its precise mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajida Sumaiya
- Department of Ilmul Advia, School of Unani Medical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Aisha Siddiqui
- Department of Ilmul Advia, School of Unani Medical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Shahid Shah Chaudhary
- Department of Ilmul Saidla, School of Unani Medical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Mohd Aslam
- Department of Ilmul Advia, School of Unani Medical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Centre of Excellence in Unani Medicine, Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Mairaj Ahmed Ansari
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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10
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Kayalı A, Bora ES, Acar H, Erbaş O. Evaluation of the Reparative Effect of Sinomenine in an Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury Model. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:923-933. [PMID: 38275673 PMCID: PMC10814253 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to its rising global prevalence, liver failure treatments are urgently needed. Sinomenine (SIN), an alkaloid from sinomenium acutum, is being studied for its liver-repair properties due to Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose. SIN's effect on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in rats was examined histologically and biochemically. Three groups of 30 adult male Wistar rats were created: control, APAP-only, and APAP + SIN. Histopathological and biochemical analyses were performed on liver samples after euthanasia. SIN is significantly protected against APAP damage. Compared to APAP-only, SIN reduced cellular injury and preserved hepatocellular architecture. The APAP + SIN Group had significantly lower ALT, MDA, and GSH levels, protecting against hepatocellular damage and oxidative stress. SIN also had dose-dependent antioxidant properties. When examining critical regulatory proteins, SIN partially restored Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) levels. While BMP-7 levels were unaffected, histopathological evidence and hepatocyte damage percentages supported SIN's liver-restorative effect. SIN protected and repaired rats' livers from APAP-induced liver injury. This study suggests that SIN may treat acute liver damage, warranting further research into its long-term effects, optimal dosage, and clinical applications. These findings aid liver-related emergency department interventions and life-saving treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Kayalı
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir 35270, Turkey; (A.K.); (H.A.)
| | - Ejder Saylav Bora
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Izmir Atatürk Research and Training Hospital, Izmir 35360, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Acar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir 35270, Turkey; (A.K.); (H.A.)
| | - Oytun Erbaş
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Demiroğlu Bilim University, Istanbul 34395, Turkey;
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11
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Jiang DQY, Guo TL. Interaction between Per- and Polyfluorinated Substances (PFAS) and Acetaminophen in Disease Exacerbation-Focusing on Autism and the Gut-Liver-Brain Axis. TOXICS 2024; 12:39. [PMID: 38250995 PMCID: PMC10818890 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
This review presents a new perspective on the exacerbation of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) through the gut-liver-brain axis. We have summarized evidence reported on the involvement of the gut microbiome and liver inflammation that led to the onset and exacerbation of ASD symptoms. As PFAS are toxicants that particularly target liver, this review has comprehensively explored the possible interaction between PFAS and acetaminophen, another liver toxicant, as the chemicals of interest for future toxicology research. Our hypothesis is that, at acute dosages, acetaminophen has the ability to aggravate the impaired conditions of the PFAS-exposed liver, which would further exacerbate neurological symptoms such as lack of social communication and interest, and repetitive behaviors using mechanisms related to the gut-liver-brain axis. This review discusses their potential interactions in terms of the gut-liver-brain axis and signaling pathways that may contribute to neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tai Liang Guo
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
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12
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Ghrayeb A, Finney AC, Agranovich B, Peled D, Anand SK, McKinney MP, Sarji M, Yang D, Weissman N, Drucker S, Fernandes SI, Fernández-García J, Mahan K, Abassi Z, Tan L, Lorenzi PL, Traylor J, Zhang J, Abramovich I, Chen YE, Rom O, Mor I, Gottlieb E. Serine synthesis via reversed SHMT2 activity drives glycine depletion and acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in MASLD. Cell Metab 2024; 36:116-129.e7. [PMID: 38171331 PMCID: PMC10777734 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) affects one-third of the global population. Understanding the metabolic pathways involved can provide insights into disease progression and treatment. Untargeted metabolomics of livers from mice with early-stage steatosis uncovered decreased methylated metabolites, suggesting altered one-carbon metabolism. The levels of glycine, a central component of one-carbon metabolism, were lower in mice with hepatic steatosis, consistent with clinical evidence. Stable-isotope tracing demonstrated that increased serine synthesis from glycine via reverse serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) is the underlying cause for decreased glycine in steatotic livers. Consequently, limited glycine availability in steatotic livers impaired glutathione synthesis under acetaminophen-induced oxidative stress, enhancing acute hepatotoxicity. Glycine supplementation or hepatocyte-specific ablation of the mitochondrial SHMT2 isoform in mice with hepatic steatosis mitigated acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by supporting de novo glutathione synthesis. Thus, early metabolic changes in MASLD that limit glycine availability sensitize mice to xenobiotics even at the reversible stage of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Ghrayeb
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Alexandra C Finney
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Bella Agranovich
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Daniel Peled
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Sumit Kumar Anand
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - M Peyton McKinney
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Mahasen Sarji
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Dongshan Yang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Natan Weissman
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Shani Drucker
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Sara Isabel Fernandes
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Jonatan Fernández-García
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Kyle Mahan
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Zaid Abassi
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Lin Tan
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Philip L Lorenzi
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - James Traylor
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ifat Abramovich
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Oren Rom
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA.
| | - Inbal Mor
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel.
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
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13
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Tüylü Küçükkılınç T, Ercan A. Phenelzine protects against acetaminophen induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024; 47:81-89. [PMID: 37246945 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2023.2217696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdosing is the most common cause of drug-induced liver failure. Despite extensive study, N-acetylcysteine is currently the only antidote utilized for treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect and mechanisms of phenelzine, an FDA-approved antidepressant, on APAP-induced toxicity in HepG2 cells. The human liver hepatocellular cell line HepG2 was used to investigate APAP-induced cytotoxicity. The protective effects of phenelzine were determined by examining the cell viability, combination index calculation, Caspase 3/7 activation, Cytochrome c release, H2O2 levels, NO levels, GSH activity, PERK protein levels, and pathway enrichment analysis. Elevated H2O2 production and decreased glutathione (GSH) levels were indicators of APAP-induced oxidative stress. The combination index of 2.04 indicated that phenelzine had an antagonistic effect on APAP-induced toxicity. When compared to APAP alone, phenelzine treatment considerably reduced caspase 3/7 activation, cytochrome c release, and H2O2 generation. However, phenelzine had minimal effect on NO and GSH levels and did not alleviate ER stress. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed a potential connection between APAP toxicity and phenelzine metabolism. These findings suggested that phenelzine's protective effect against APAP-induced cytotoxicity could be attributed to the drug's capacity to reduce APAP-mediated apoptotic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayşe Ercan
- Department of Biochemistry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
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14
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Tian WS, Zhao J, Kim MK, Tae HJ, Kim IS, Ahn D, Hwang HP, Mao MX, Park BY. Veronica persica ameliorates acetaminophen-induced murine hepatotoxicity via attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115898. [PMID: 37989029 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess acetaminophen (APAP) commonly causes severe acute liver injury (ALI), characterized by oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory responses, and hepatocyte damage. Veronica persica (VP) is a traditional medicine with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. There is a paucity of information on its medicinal value, especially its potential mechanisms for alleviating ALI. This study aimed to clarify the ameliorative effects and intracellular mechanisms of VP on APAP-induced ALI via attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation. Mice were given VP for 7 days before exposure to APAP (300 mg/kg). The HPLC and radical scavenging assay found that VP contains 12 phenolic acids and 6 flavonoids, as well as show robust antioxidant capacity. In the APAP-induced ALI model, pre-treatment with VP significantly reduces APAP-induced hepatotoxicity by observing improved hepatocyte pathological injury and further confirmed by serum biochemical indicator. Also, the reduction of TUNEL-positive regions and the regulation of Bcl-2-associated X protein indicated that VP attenuates hepatocytotoxicity. Moreover, VP pre-intervention inhibits the formation of liver pro-inflammatory cytokines, the expression of inflammatory response genes, and increases in myeloperoxidase (MPO) in APAP-exposed mice. The elevated reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and decreased oxidative stress markers indicate that VP reduces APAP-promoted oxidative stress. Further study revealed that VP inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB/STAT3 cascade, blocked ERK and JNK phosphorylation, and activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). To sum up, this study demonstrated that VP exists hepatoprotective abilities on APAP-induced ALI, primarily by suppressing the phosphorylation of NF-κB/STAT3 cascade and ERK-JNK and inducing AMPK activation to alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Shun Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China; College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Animal Transplantation, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Myung-Kon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Tae
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Animal Transplantation, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Shik Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Animal Transplantation, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongchoon Ahn
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Animal Transplantation, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Pil Hwang
- Department of Surgery of Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Ming-Xian Mao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Byung-Yong Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Animal Transplantation, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54596, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Pelkonen O, Abass K, Parra Morte JM, Panzarea M, Testai E, Rudaz S, Louisse J, Gundert-Remy U, Wolterink G, Jean-Lou CM D, Coecke S, Bernasconi C. Metabolites in the regulatory risk assessment of pesticides in the EU. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1304885. [PMID: 38188093 PMCID: PMC10770266 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1304885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
A large majority of chemicals is converted into metabolites through xenobiotic-metabolising enzymes. Metabolites may present a spectrum of characteristics varying from similar to vastly different compared with the parent compound in terms of both toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics. In the pesticide arena, the role of metabolism and metabolites is increasingly recognised as a significant factor particularly for the design and interpretation of mammalian toxicological studies and in the toxicity assessment of pesticide/metabolite-associated issues for hazard characterization and risk assessment purposes, including the role of metabolites as parts in various residues in ecotoxicological adversities. This is of particular relevance to pesticide metabolites that are unique to humans in comparison with metabolites found in in vitro or in vivo animal studies, but also to disproportionate metabolites (quantitative differences) between humans and mammalian species. Presence of unique or disproportionate metabolites may underlie potential toxicological concerns. This review aims to present the current state-of-the-art of comparative metabolism and metabolites in pesticide research for hazard and risk assessment, including One Health perspectives, and future research needs based on the experiences gained at the European Food Safety Authority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olavi Pelkonen
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Khaled Abass
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | | | - Emanuela Testai
- Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Unit, Environment and Health Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Serge Rudaz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jochem Louisse
- EFSA, European Food Safety Authority, Parma, Italy
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ursula Gundert-Remy
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerrit Wolterink
- Centre for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | | | - Sandra Coecke
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
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16
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Erhunmwunse NO, Tongo I, Ezemonye LI. Multiple biomarker responses in female Clarias gariepinus exposed to acetaminophen. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:122437-122457. [PMID: 37973782 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30721-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Several authors have documented the presences of acetaminophen (APAP) in both surface and groundwater and have received attention from government agencies and basic authorities across the globe. The impacts of such pharmaceutical products on non-target organism like fish are underestimated as a result of selected investigation using few biomarkers. We evaluated the sub-chronic impacts of APAP in female catfish (Clarias gariepinus) using multiple biomarkers. The exposure of female catfish to APAP induced oxidative stress. Markers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were significantly higher in all exposed groups. Exposure of Clarias gariepinus to APAPA caused histological alterations in the gills (fusion and shortening of some filaments, hyperplasia of the epithelial gill cells, aneurism, congestion, and epithelial rupture of the gills), liver (apoptotic hyperplasia, sinusoidal congestion, and necrosis of the hepatocytes), and gonad (degenerated follicles and ovarian apoptosis). Furthermore, multivariate results indicated that there was a distinct response from the acetaminophen-exposed female catfish, with over 95% of the biomarkers significantly contributing to the discrimination between the acetaminophen-exposed female catfish and the control groups. Our research provides evidence supporting the use of a multiple biomarker approach to evaluate the impacts of drugs on the health status of exposed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nosakhare Osazee Erhunmwunse
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology and Environmental Forensics, Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, Nigeria.
- Igbinedion University Okada, PMB0001, Okada, Ovia North East LGA, Edo State, Nigeria.
| | - Isioma Tongo
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology and Environmental Forensics, Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, Nigeria
- Igbinedion University Okada, PMB0001, Okada, Ovia North East LGA, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Lawrence Ikechukwu Ezemonye
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology and Environmental Forensics, Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, Nigeria
- Igbinedion University Okada, PMB0001, Okada, Ovia North East LGA, Edo State, Nigeria
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17
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Nejak-Bowen K, Monga SP. Wnt-β-catenin in hepatobiliary homeostasis, injury, and repair. Hepatology 2023; 78:1907-1921. [PMID: 37246413 PMCID: PMC10687322 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Wnt-β-catenin signaling has emerged as an important regulatory pathway in the liver, playing key roles in zonation and mediating contextual hepatobiliary repair after injuries. In this review, we will address the major advances in understanding the role of Wnt signaling in hepatic zonation, regeneration, and cholestasis-induced injury. We will also touch on some important unanswered questions and discuss the relevance of modulating the pathway to provide therapies for complex liver pathologies that remain a continued unmet clinical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Nejak-Bowen
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Satdarshan P. Monga
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
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18
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Wang Y, Shi C, Guo J, Zhang Y, Gong Z. Distinct Types of Cell Death and Implications in Liver Diseases: An Overview of Mechanisms and Application. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:1413-1424. [PMID: 37719956 PMCID: PMC10500292 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2023.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell death is associated with a variety of liver diseases, and hepatocyte death is a core factor in the occurrence and progression of liver diseases. In recent years, new cell death modes have been identified, and certain biomarkers have been detected in the circulation during various cell death modes that mediate liver injury. In this review, cell death modes associated with liver diseases are summarized, including some cell death modes that have emerged in recent years. We described the mechanisms associated with liver diseases and summarized recent applications of targeting cell death in liver diseases. It provides new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases. In addition, multiple cell death modes can contribute to the same liver disease. Different cell death modes are not isolated, and they interact with each other in liver diseases. Future studies may focus on exploring the regulation between various cell death response pathways in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chunxia Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jin Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanqiong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zuojiong Gong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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19
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Hu J, Nieminen AL, Weemhoff JL, Jaeschke H, Murphy LG, Dent JA, Lemasters JJ. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter mediates mitochondrial Fe 2+ uptake and hepatotoxicity after acetaminophen. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 479:116722. [PMID: 37848124 PMCID: PMC10872750 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose disrupts hepatocellular lysosomes, which release ferrous iron (Fe2+) that translocates into mitochondria putatively via the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) to induce oxidative/nitrative stress, the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), and hepatotoxicity. To investigate how MCU deficiency affects mitochondrial Fe2+ uptake and hepatotoxicity after APAP overdose, global MCU knockout (KO), hepatocyte specific (hs) MCU KO, and wildtype (WT) mice were treated with an overdose of APAP both in vivo and in vitro. Compared to strain-specific WT mice, serum ALT decreased by 88 and 56%, respectively, in global and hsMCU KO mice at 24 h after APAP (300 mg/kg). Hepatic necrosis also decreased by 84 and 56%. By contrast, when MCU was knocked out in Kupffer cells, ALT release and necrosis were unchanged after overdose APAP. Intravital multiphoton microscopy confirmed loss of viability and mitochondrial depolarization in pericentral hepatocytes of WT mice, which was decreased in MCU KO mice. CYP2E1 expression, hepatic APAP-protein adduct formation, and JNK activation revealed that APAP metabolism was equivalent between WT and MCU KO mice. In cultured hepatocytes after APAP, loss of cell viability decreased in hsMCU KO compared to WT hepatocytes. Using fructose plus glycine to prevent cell killing, mitochondrial Fe2+ increased progressively after APAP, as revealed with mitoferrofluor (MFF), a mitochondrial Fe2+ indicator. By contrast in hsMCU KO hepatocytes, mitochondrial Fe2+ uptake after APAP was suppressed. Rhod-2 measurements showed that Ca2+ did not increase in mitochondria after APAP in either WT or KO hepatocytes. In conclusion, MCU mediates uptake of Fe2+ into mitochondria after APAP and plays a central role in mitochondrial depolarization and cell death during APAP-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangting Hu
- Center for Cell Death, Injury & Regeneration, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America; Departments of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Anna-Liisa Nieminen
- Center for Cell Death, Injury & Regeneration, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America; Departments of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - James L Weemhoff
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Laura G Murphy
- Center for Cell Death, Injury & Regeneration, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America; Departments of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Judith A Dent
- Center for Cell Death, Injury & Regeneration, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America; Departments of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - John J Lemasters
- Center for Cell Death, Injury & Regeneration, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America; Departments of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America.
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Gayatri Devi R, Ezhilarasan D. Concurrent administration of farnesol protects acetaminophen-induced acute hepatic necrosis in mice. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23478. [PMID: 37458150 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is known to cause acute liver injury and acute liver failure in Western countries. This study investigates the protective role of farnesol (FAR) (C15 H26 O), a natural sesquiterpene alcohol in essential oils, against APAP-induced acute liver necrosis in mice. Mice were injected with a single dose of APAP (300 mg/kg) via an intraperitoneal route. Different groups of mice were concurrently treated with a single dose of FAR 25 mg/kg, FAR 50 mg/kg, and N-acetylcysteine. APAP administration caused a significant increase in transaminase activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the serum and liver tissue, respectively, with a concomitant decrease in intracellular antioxidants, including reduced glutathione (GSH) in the liver tissue. APAP intoxication upregulated proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and IκB kinase β in the liver tissue. FAR and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) administrations concurrently with APAP prevented serum transaminase increase in serum and MDA levels in the liver tissue. A high dose of FAR and NAC treatments significantly inhibited GSH and other antioxidant depletion. FAR and NAC treatments also downregulated the expression of proinflammatory markers. FAR treatments protects against APAP-induced acute liver injury and offers antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway involved in the transcription of genes responsible for inflammatory cytokine synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramalingam Gayatri Devi
- Department of Physiology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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21
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Chou AH, Lee HC, Liao CC, Yu HP, Liu FC. ERK/NF-kB/COX-2 Signaling Pathway Plays a Key Role in Curcumin Protection against Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2150. [PMID: 38004290 PMCID: PMC10672507 DOI: 10.3390/life13112150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent experimental studies have highlighted the beneficial effects of curcumin on liver injury induced by acetaminophen (APAP). However, the specific molecular mechanisms underlying curcumin's hepatoprotective effects against APAP-induced liver injury remain to be fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of curcumin on APAP-induced liver injury using a mouse model. In the experiment, mice were subjected to an intraperitoneal hepatotoxic dose of APAP (300 mg/kg) to induce hepatotoxicity. After 30 min of APAP administration, the mice were treated with different concentrations of curcumin (0, 10, 25, or 50 mg/kg). After 16 h, mice with hepatotoxicity showed elevated levels of serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), hepatic myeloperoxidase (MPO), TNF-α, and IL-6, and decreased levels of glutathione (GSH). Moreover, there was an increased infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages following intraperitoneal injection of APAP. However, curcumin-treated mice displayed a pronounced reduction in serum ALT, AST, hepatic MPO, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels, coupled with a notable elevation in GSH levels compared to the APAP-treated hepatotoxic mice. Moreover, curcumin treatment led to reduced infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages. Additionally, curcumin inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK and NF-kB proteins while reducing the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). These findings highlight the hepatoprotective potential of curcumin against APAP-induced liver injury through the suppression of the ERK, NF-kB, and COX-2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Hsun Chou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (A.-H.C.); (H.-C.L.); (C.-C.L.); (H.-P.Y.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chen Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (A.-H.C.); (H.-C.L.); (C.-C.L.); (H.-P.Y.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chih Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (A.-H.C.); (H.-C.L.); (C.-C.L.); (H.-P.Y.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (A.-H.C.); (H.-C.L.); (C.-C.L.); (H.-P.Y.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (A.-H.C.); (H.-C.L.); (C.-C.L.); (H.-P.Y.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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22
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Jiang R, Zeng J, Liu Q, Li S, He L, Cheng D. Engineering a near-infrared LAP fluorescent probe with high sensitivity and selectivity for surgical resection of liver cancer. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:9459-9466. [PMID: 37728020 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01627g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a type of cancer associated with a high rate of mortality and morbidity. In order to achieve precise HCC theranostics, it is important to develop excellent fluorescent probes. However, the existing probes are not sensitive or specific enough to accurately identify HCC margins and contours. For diagnosing HCC and identifying tumors during surgery, it is urgent to engineer highly sensitive and selective fluorescent probes. Liver tumor progression is closely associated with leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) overexpression, a biomarker of liver cancer. Herein, we have rationally designed a NIR fluorescent probe, NLAP, which is specially activated by LAP. The probe exhibited high sensitivity (detection limit = 6.8 mU L-1) and superior affinity (Km = 2.98 μM) for LAP. With this probe, we distinguished cancer cells overexpressing LAP from normal cells and applied it intraoperatively to guide liver tumor excisions. Furthermore, NLAP was employed to successfully detect the LAP of intestinal and splenic metastatic tumors in orthotopic liver tumor mice by "in situ spraying" and good performances were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renfeng Jiang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China.
| | - Jiayu Zeng
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China.
| | - Qian Liu
- Clinical Research Institute, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China.
| | - Songjiao Li
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China.
| | - Longwei He
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China.
| | - Dan Cheng
- Clinical Research Institute, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China.
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23
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Wu H, Guo C, Liu Z, Cai J, Wang C, Yi H, Sanyal A, Puri P, Zhou H, Wang XY. Neutrophils exacerbate acetaminophen-induced liver injury by producing cytotoxic interferon-γ. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110734. [PMID: 37541108 PMCID: PMC10603570 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug (e.g., acetaminophen, APAP)-associated hepatotoxicity is the major cause of acute liver failure. Emerging evidence shows that initial tissue damage caused by APAP triggers molecular and cellular immune responses, which can modulate the severity of hepatoxicity. The pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic cytokine interferon (IFN)-γ has been reported as a key molecule contributing to APAP-induced liver injury (AILI). However, its cellular source remains undetermined. RESULTS In the current study, we show that elevation of serum IFN-γ in patients with drug hepatotoxicity correlates with disease severity. Neutralization of IFN-γ in a mouse model of AILI effectively reduces hepatotoxicity. Strikingly, we reveal that IFN-γ is expressed primarily by hepatic neutrophils, not by conventional immune cells with known IFN-γ-producing capability, e.g., CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, natural killer cells, or natural killer T cells. Upon encountering APAP-injured hepatocytes, neutrophils secrete cytotoxic IFN-γ further causing cell stress and damage, which can be abrogated in the presence of blocking antibodies for IFN-γ or IFN-γreceptor. Furthermore, removal of neutrophils in vivo substantially decreases hepatic IFN-γ levels concomitantly with reduced APAP hepatotoxicity, whereas adoptive transfer of IFN-γ-producing neutrophils confers IFN-γ-/- mice susceptibility to APAP administration. CONCLUSIONS Our findings uncover a novel mechanism of neutrophil action in promoting AILI and provide new insights into immune modulation of the disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Chunqing Guo
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Jinyang Cai
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Chong Wang
- Nephrology Department, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Huanfa Yi
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Arun Sanyal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Puneet Puri
- Richmond VA Medical Center, Richmond 23249, VA, USA
| | - Huiping Zhou
- Richmond VA Medical Center, Richmond 23249, VA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Richmond VA Medical Center, Richmond 23249, VA, USA.
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24
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Guemmogne Temdie RJ, Ymele Chiogo Vouffo E, Tietcheu Galani BR, Dabole Ladane B, Bianzoumbe J, Kuum Minoue MG, Ntchapda F, Dimo T. Potential Curative Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Cissus quadrangularis (Vitaceae) and Jatropha gossypiifolia (Euphorbiaceae) on Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. CURRENT THERAPEUTIC RESEARCH 2023; 99:100716. [PMID: 37869400 PMCID: PMC10587700 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2023.100716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Acetaminophen-induced liver injury remains a significant public health problem because available treatments are limited due to their adverse effects. Medicinal plants, which are an important source of bioactive molecules, could be an alternative treatment for liver disease. Objective This study was designed to investigate the curative effect of aqueous extracts of Cissus quadrangularis (Vitaceae) and Jatropha gossypiifolia (Euphorbiaceae) on acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. Methods Mice were divided into groups and treated with distilled water, silymarin (50 mg/kg), a reference hepatoprotective agent, and aqueous extracts of C quadrangularis and J gossypiifolia (50 and 100 mg/kg, PO, respectively). These substances were given as a single daily dose 4 hours after acetaminophen administration (300 mg/kg, PO) for 2 days. Mice were humanely put to death 24 hours after the last dose and serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities, total bilirubin and protein levels, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, catalase, and nitrite tissue levels were assessed. Histology of the livers of the mice was performed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results Acetaminophen administration induced a significant (P < 0.05) mean (SEM) body weight loss (-14.45% [5.92%]), a significant elevation of alanine aminotransferase activity (15.08%), total protein and bilirubin levels (25.80%), and a significant (P < 0.05) increase in liver superoxide dismutase (67.71%), catalase (63.00%), glutathione (40.29%), malondialdehyde (30.67%), and nitrite levels compared with the control group. In curative treatment, C quadrangularis and J gossypiifolia (50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly (P < 0.05) reduced mean (SEM) body weight loss (16.67% [7.16%] and 1.25% [0.51%], respectively), serum alanine aminotransferase activity (17.62% and 11.14%, respectively), bilirubin level (29.62% and 49.14%, respectively) compared with acetaminophen group, and J gossypiifolia normalized serum total protein level. Both extracts significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the levels of glutathione and malondialdehyde and normalized that of nitrite, superoxide dismutase, and catalase compared with the acetaminophen group. Hepatocyte necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration were remarkably reduced by the plant extracts. Conclusions The results obtained are evidence in favor of the development of a formulation based on the extracts of these plants against liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edwige Ymele Chiogo Vouffo
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of New Drugs, Silver Spring, USA
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Bertrand Dabole Ladane
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
- Department of Agriculture, Livestock and Derived Products, National Advanced School of Engineering, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Josee Bianzoumbe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Marc Germain Kuum Minoue
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters and Human Social Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Fidèle Ntchapda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Garoua, Garoua, Cameroon
| | - Theophile Dimo
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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25
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Kamaraj S, Vuppu S. Recent Review on the Extraction and Qualitative Assay of Cysteine and Other Amino Acids from Vellore Feather Waste and Molecular Docking Studies of Cysteine for Pharmacological Applications. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00862-4. [PMID: 37715883 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00862-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Products produced from waste are a relatively recent innovation. Feather substrates are abundant in keratin content and improper disposal can cause ecosystem contamination. However, these pollutants can be transformed into value-added products for industrial application. Physical, chemical and cutting-edge microbiological methods were utilized for decomposing keratin and aid in the identification and estimation of amino acids from poultry feather wastes. These beneficial approaches are receiving more attention due to their retrieval of harmless and value added byproducts. These keratin-based compounds are used widely in pharmaceutical, livestock feed, fertilizer, and a variety of other industrial sectors. Since keratin is primarily consisting of amino acids, it can be utilized to affirm and estimate the amino acids in these feather substrates. This study primarily highlights the various methodologies employed for the qualitative estimation of amino acids in feather waste samples and the inhibitory activity of keratinase enzyme by EDTA and pepstatin in order to accumulate amino acids for drug delivery purpose and their importance in various pharmaceutical industries. In addition to that, molecular docking studies of cysteine with many standard pharmaceutical drugs like acetaminophen, pethidine, methylphenidate, carbamazepine, cillin and amlodipine were performed using autodock to demonstrate how cysteine greatly reduces conventional drug toxicity and its side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathvika Kamaraj
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Suneetha Vuppu
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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26
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Ding Y, Koda Y, Shashni B, Takeda N, Zhang X, Tanaka N, Nishikawa Y, Nagasaki Y. An orally deliverable ornithine-based self-assembling polymer nanomedicine ameliorates hyperammonemia in acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury. Acta Biomater 2023; 168:515-528. [PMID: 37433359 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
l-Ornithine (Orn) is a core amino acid responsible for ammonia detoxification in the body via the hepatic urea cycle. Clinical studies in Orn therapy have focused on interventions for hyperammonemia-associated diseases, such as hepatic encephalopathy (HE), a life-threatening neurological symptom affecting more than 80% of patients with liver cirrhosis. However, its low molecular weight (LMW) causes Orn to diffuse nonspecifically and be rapidly eliminated from the body after oral administration, resulting in unfavorable therapeutic efficacy. Hence, Orn is constantly supplied by intravenous infusion in many clinical settings; however, this treatment inevitably decreases patient compliance and limits its application in long-term management. To improve the performance of Orn, we designed self-assembling polyOrn-based nanoparticles for oral administration through ring-opening polymerization of Orn-N-carboxy anhydride initiated with amino-ended poly(ethylene glycol), followed by acylation of free amino groups in the main chain of the polyOrn segment. The obtained amphiphilic block copolymers, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-polyOrn(acyl) (PEG-block-POrn(acyl)), enabled the formation of stable nanoparticles (NanoOrn(acyl)) in aqueous media. We employed the isobutyryl (iBu) group for acyl derivatization in this study (NanoOrn(iBu)). In the healthy mice, daily oral administration of NanoOrn(iBu) for one week did not induce any abnormalities. In the mice exhibiting acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury, oral pretreatment with NanoOrn(iBu) effectively reduced systemic ammonia and transaminases levels compared to the LMW Orn and untreated groups. The results suggest that the application of NanoOrn(iBu) is of significant clinical value with the feasibility of oral delivery and improvement in APAP-induced hepatic pathogenesis. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Liver injury is often accompanied by hyperammonemia, a life-threatening condition characterized by elevated blood ammonia levels. Current clinical treatments for reducing ammonia typically entail the invasive approach of intravenous infusion, involving the administration of l-ornithine (Orn) or a combination of Orn and L-aspartate. This method is employed due to the poor pharmacokinetics associated with these compounds. In our pursuit of enhancing therapy, we have developed an orally administrable nanomedicine based on Orn-based self-assembling nanoparticle (NanoOrn(iBu)), which provides sustained Orn supply to the injured liver. Oral administration of NanoOrn(iBu) to healthy mice did not cause any toxic effects. In a mouse model of acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury, oral administration of NanoOrn(iBu) surpassed Orn in reducing systemic ammonia levels and liver damage, thereby establishing NanoOrn(iBu) as a safe and effective therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ding
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yuta Koda
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Babita Shashni
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Naoki Takeda
- Department of Global Medical Research Promotion, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Xuguang Zhang
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Naoki Tanaka
- Department of Global Medical Research Promotion, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishikawa
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, 1 Chome-1-1, Midorigaoka Higashi 2 Jo, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yukio Nagasaki
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan; Master's School of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan; Center for Research in Radiation, Isotope and Earth System Sciences (CRiES), University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.
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27
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Yao Q, Tang Y, Dai S, Huang L, Jiang Z, Zheng S, Sun M, Xu Y, Lu R, Sun T, Huang H, Jiang X, Yao X, Lin G, Kou L, Chen R. A Biomimetic Nanoparticle Exerting Protection against Acute Liver Failure by Suppressing CYP2E1 Activity and Scavenging Excessive ROS. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300571. [PMID: 37236618 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a severe liver disease caused by many reasons. One of them is the overdosed acetaminophen (APAP), which is metabolized into N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), an excessive toxic metabolite, by CYP2E1, resulting in excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), exhausted glutathione (GSH), and thereafter hepatocyte necrosis. N-acetylcysteine is the Food and Drug Administration-approved drug for detoxification of APAP, but it has limited clinical application due to the short therapeutic time window and concentration-related adverse effects. In this study, a carrier-free and bilirubin dotted nanoparticle (B/BG@N) is developed, which is formed using bilirubin and 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) is then adsorbed to mimic the in vivo behavior of the conjugated bilirubin for hitchhiking. The results demonstrate that B/BG@N can effectively reduce the production of NAPQI as well as exhibit antioxidant effects against intracellular oxidative stress via regulating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 signal axis and reducing the production of inflammatory factors. In vivo study shows that B/BG@N can effectively improve the clinical symptom of the mice model. This study suggests that B/BG@N own increases circulation half-life, improves accumulation in the liver, and dual detoxification, providing a promising strategy for clinical ALF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yao
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Tang
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Dai
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Lihui Huang
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Zewei Jiang
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Shiming Zheng
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Meng Sun
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Yitianhe Xu
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Ruijie Lu
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Tuyue Sun
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Huirong Huang
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Yao
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, Ningbo, 315100, P. R. China
| | - Guangyong Lin
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Longfa Kou
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Innovation and Application of Intelligent Radiotherapy Technology, Wenzhou, 325000, P. R. China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Basic Science and Translational Research of Radiation Oncology, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
- Zhejiang-Hong Kong Precision Theranostics of Thoracic Tumors Joint Laboratory, Wenzhou, 325000, P. R. China
| | - Ruijie Chen
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
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28
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Mandour DA, Morsy MM, Fawzy A, Mohamed NM, Ahmad MM. Structural and molecular changes in the rat myocardium following perfluoroctane sulfonate (PFOS) exposure are mitigated by quercetin via modulating HSP 70 and SERCA 2. J Mol Histol 2023; 54:283-296. [PMID: 37365388 PMCID: PMC10412685 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-023-10134-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a man-made fluorinated compound employed in a variety of industrial and civilian applications. Due to its long elimination half-life and promotion of oxidative stress and inflammation, it is one of the most abundant organic contaminants. The present study was designed to determine the cytotoxic effect of PFOS on adult male rat cardiac tissue and to assess the cardioprotective role of the flavonoid quercetin (Que), which possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. Twenty-four adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four equal groups: Group I (Control). Group II (Que) received Que (75 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks) by oral gavage. Group III (PFOS group): supplemented orally with PFOS (20 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks) and Group IV (PF OS/Que). The rat heart was processed for histological, immunohistochemical, and gene expression studies. The PFOS group showed histological alterations in the myocardium that were partially reversed by the administration of Que. The inflammatory biomarkers (TNF, IL-6, and IL-1), lipid profile, TSH, MDA, and serum cardiac enzymes (LDH and CK-MB) were all altered. These findings collectively suggest that PFOS had adverse effects on the cardiac muscle structure, and these effects were alleviated by quercetin, which is a promising cardioprotective flavonoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia A. Mandour
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Manal M. Morsy
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amal Fawzy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Marwa M. Ahmad
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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29
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Bakshi S, Kaur M, Verma A, Sharma S. Molecular and cellular remodeling of HepG2 cells upon treatment with antitubercular drugs. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23386. [PMID: 37254945 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is an adverse outcome of the currently used tuberculosis treatment regimen, which results in patient noncompliance, poor treatment outcomes, and the emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis. DILI is primarily caused by the toxicity of the drugs and their metabolites, which affect liver cells, biliary epithelial cells, and liver vasculature. However, the precise mechanism behind the cellular damage attributable to first-line antitubercular drugs (ATDs), as well as the effect of toxicity on the cell survival strategies, is yet to be elucidated. In the current study, HepG2 cells upon treatment with a high concentration of ATDs showed increased perforation within the cell, cuboidal shape, and membrane blebbing as compared with control/untreated cells. It was observed that ATD-induced toxicity in HepG2 cells leads to altered mitochondrial membrane permeability, which was depicted by the decreased fluorescence intensity of the MitoRed tracker dye at higher drug concentrations. In addition, high doses of ATDs caused cell damage through an increase in reactive oxygen species production in HepG2 cells and a simultaneous reduction in glutathione levels. Further, high dose of isoniazid (50-200 mM), pyrazinamide (50-200 mM), and rifampicin (20-100 µM) causes cell apoptosis and affects cell survival during toxic conditions by decreasing the expression of potent autophagy markers Atg5, Atg7, and LC3B. Thus, ATD-mediated toxicity contributes to the reduced ability of hepatocytes to tolerate cellular damage caused by altered mitochondrial membrane permeability, increased apoptosis, and decreased autophagy. These findings further emphasize the need to develop adjuvant therapies that can mitigate ATD-induced toxicity for the effective treatment of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Bakshi
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Maninder Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arpana Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sadhna Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Qiu K, Pan Y, Huang W, Li M, Yan X, Zhou Z, Qi J. CXCL5 Promotes Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity by Activating Kupffer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12180. [PMID: 37569554 PMCID: PMC10419303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Kupffer cells (KCs) play a key part in the pathological process of acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury (ALI), the leading cause of acute liver failure in the world. CXC motif chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5) exerts proinflammatory effects in acute respiratory distress syndrome and arthritis. In the current study, we aim to reveal the effects of CXCL5 on the activation of KCs and the role of CXCL5 in the pathogenesis of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. The in vivo study, conducted on mice intraperitoneally injected with APAP (300 mg/kg) to establish the ALI model and then treated with Anti-CXCL5 mAb at 30 min and 12 h after the APAP challenge, showed that CXCL5 expression significantly increased in injured livers, and Anti-CXCL5 mAb mitigated the degree of APAP-evoked ALI in mice which was proven through biochemicals and histological examination. Also, neutralization of CXCL5 had no significant effect on APAP metabolism in the liver but exhibited anti-inflammatory effects and ameliorated hepatocellular death in the injured liver. The in vitro data displayed that recombinant mouse CXCL5 treatment promoted APAP-induced cellular toxicity in primary hepatocytes co-cultured with KCs, compared with single-cultured hepatocytes. Consistent with the result, we found that the Anti-CXCL5 mAb gradient decreased LPS-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines in single-cultured KCs. Therefore, CXCL5 could stimulate KCs to produce inflammatory mediators, therefore damaging hepatocytes from APAP toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Qiu
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Oncology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; (K.Q.); (Y.P.); (W.H.); (M.L.)
- Diagnostic Pathology Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yan Pan
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Oncology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; (K.Q.); (Y.P.); (W.H.); (M.L.)
- Diagnostic Pathology Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Weizhi Huang
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Oncology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; (K.Q.); (Y.P.); (W.H.); (M.L.)
- Diagnostic Pathology Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Oncology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; (K.Q.); (Y.P.); (W.H.); (M.L.)
- Diagnostic Pathology Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Xueqing Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, No.1, Xuefu North Road, University Town, Fuzhou 350122, China;
| | - Zixiong Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Oncology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; (K.Q.); (Y.P.); (W.H.); (M.L.)
- Diagnostic Pathology Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Jing Qi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, No.1, Xuefu North Road, University Town, Fuzhou 350122, China;
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Xie W, Jiang R, Xie J, Vince R, More SS. Geometric Isomer of Guanabenz Confers Hepatoprotection to a Murine Model of Acetaminophen Toxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:1071-1080. [PMID: 37348131 PMCID: PMC10355191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Overdose of acetaminophen, a widely used antipyretic and analgesic drug, is one of the leading causes of drug-induced acute liver injury in the United States and worldwide. Phase-I metabolism of acetaminophen generates the toxic N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) intermediate. Reactions of NAPQI with a wide range of biomolecules cause increased oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, some of the cellular events contributing toward liver toxicity. Previously, we evaluated the potential of an FDA-approved, ER stress-modulating antihypertensive drug, Wytensin (trans-guanabenz, E-GA), as an antidote for acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. E-GA prevented elevation of the liver enzyme alanine aminotransferase (ALT), even when administered up to 6 h after acetaminophen overdose, and exhibited synergistic analgesic interactions. However, the commercially available guanabenz exists solely as a trans-isomer and suffers from sedative side effects resulting from the inhibition of central α2A-adrenergic receptors in locus coeruleus. Here, we studied the utility of the relatively unexplored cis-isomer of guanabenz as a treatment option for acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity. cis(Z)-Guanabenz acetate (Z-GA) lacks interaction with α2A-adrenoreceptors and is thus devoid of sedative, blood-pressure-lowering side effects of E-GA. Treatment of mice with Z-GA (10 mg/kg) before acetaminophen overdose and up to 6 h post APAP administration prevented liver injury and suppressed the elevation of serum ALT levels. Mechanistically, hepatoprotective effects of both isomers are similar and partly attributed to attenuation of the ER stress and oxidative stress in the liver. The results of this study suggest that Z-GA may be a safer, effective antidote for the clinical management of acute liver injury resulting from acetaminophen overdose. It also raises a tantalizing possibility of a prophylactic combination of the geometric isomer of the approved drug guanabenz with acetaminophen in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xie
- Center for Drug Design, College
of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | - Jiashu Xie
- Center for Drug Design, College
of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Robert Vince
- Center for Drug Design, College
of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Swati S. More
- Center for Drug Design, College
of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Patil VS, Harish DR, Sampat GH, Roy S, Jalalpure SS, Khanal P, Gujarathi SS, Hegde HV. System Biology Investigation Revealed Lipopolysaccharide and Alcohol-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Resembled Hepatitis B Virus Immunobiology and Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11146. [PMID: 37446321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B infection caused by the hepatitis B virus is a life-threatening cause of liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Researchers have produced multiple in vivo models for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and, currently, there are no specific laboratory animal models available to study HBV pathogenesis or immune response; nonetheless, their limitations prevent them from being used to study HBV pathogenesis, immune response, or therapeutic methods because HBV can only infect humans and chimpanzees. The current study is the first of its kind to identify a suitable chemically induced liver cirrhosis/HCC model that parallels HBV pathophysiology. Initially, data from the peer-reviewed literature and the GeneCards database were compiled to identify the genes that HBV and seven drugs (acetaminophen, isoniazid, alcohol, D-galactosamine, lipopolysaccharide, thioacetamide, and rifampicin) regulate. Functional enrichment analysis was performed in the STRING server. The network HBV/Chemical, genes, and pathways were constructed by Cytoscape 3.6.1. About 1546 genes were modulated by HBV, of which 25.2% and 17.6% of the genes were common for alcohol and lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatitis. In accordance with the enrichment analysis, HBV activates the signaling pathways for apoptosis, cell cycle, PI3K-Akt, TNF, JAK-STAT, MAPK, chemokines, NF-kappa B, and TGF-beta. In addition, alcohol and lipopolysaccharide significantly activated these pathways more than other chemicals, with higher gene counts and lower FDR scores. In conclusion, alcohol-induced hepatitis could be a suitable model to study chronic HBV infection and lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatitis for an acute inflammatory response to HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal S Patil
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India
- KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Darasaguppe R Harish
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Ganesh H Sampat
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India
- KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Subarna Roy
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Sunil S Jalalpure
- KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Pukar Khanal
- KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Swarup S Gujarathi
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India
- KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Harsha V Hegde
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India
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Guo C, Liu W, Liu Z, Cai J, Yu X, Wang H, Li X, Zuo D, Jiang X, Zhang B, Liu J, Sanyal AJ, Puri P, Zhou H, Wang XY. Scavenger receptor a is a major homeostatic regulator that restrains drug-induced liver injury. Hepatology 2023; 78:45-57. [PMID: 36632993 PMCID: PMC10410742 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Drug-induced liver injury occurs frequently and can be life threatening. Although drug-induced liver injury is mainly caused by the direct drug cytotoxicity, increasing evidence suggests that the interplay between hepatocytes and immune cells can define this pathogenic process. Here, we interrogate the role of the pattern recognition scavenger receptor A (SRA) for regulating hepatic inflammation and drug-induced liver injury. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using acetaminophen (APAP) or halothane-induced liver injury models, we showed that SRA loss renders mice highly susceptible to drug hepatotoxicity, indicated by the increased mortality and liver pathology. Mechanistic studies revealed that APAP-induced liver injury exaggerated in the absence of SRA was associated with the decreased anti-inflammatory and prosurvival cytokine IL-10 concomitant with excessive hepatic inflammation. The similar correlation between SRA and IL-10 expression was also seen in human following APAP uptake. Bone marrow reconstitution and liposomal clodronate depletion studies established that the hepatoprotective activity of SRA mostly resized in the immune sentinel KCs. Furthermore, SRA-facilitated IL-10 production by KCs in response to injured hepatocytes mitigated activation of the Jun N-terminal kinase-mediated signaling pathway in hepatocytes. In addition, supplemental use of IL-10 with N -acetylcysteine, only approved treatment of APAP overdose, conferred mice improved protection from APAP-induced liver injury. CONCLUSION We identify a novel hepatocyte-extrinsic pathway governed by the immune receptor SRA that maintains liver homeostasis upon drug insult. Giving that drug (ie, APAP) overdose is the leading cause of acute liver failure, targeting this hepatoprotective SRA-IL-10 axis may provide new opportunities to optimize the current management of drug-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqing Guo
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jinyang Cai
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Xiaofei Yu
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Daming Zuo
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xixian Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jinze Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Arun J. Sanyal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Puneet Puri
- Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Huiping Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Shin YS, Hwang DB, Won DH, Kim SY, Kim C, Park JW, Jeon Y, Yun JW. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a role in drug-induced liver injury by regulating cytochrome P450 2E1 expression. Toxicol Res 2023; 39:443-453. [PMID: 37398564 PMCID: PMC10313641 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-023-00180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a major cause of acute liver failure and drug withdrawal. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2E1 is involved in the metabolism of several drugs, and can induce liver injury through the production of toxic metabolites and the generation of reactive oxygen species. This study aimed to elucidate the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in CYP2E1 regulation for drug-induced hepatotoxicity. To achieve this, mice were administered cisplatin or acetaminophen (APAP) 1 h after treatment with the CYP2E1 inhibitor dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and histopathological and serum biochemical analyses were performed. APAP treatment induced hepatotoxicity, as evidenced by an increase in liver weight and serum ALT levels. Moreover, histological analysis indicated severe injury, including apoptosis, in the liver tissue of APAP-treated mice, which was confirmed by TUNEL assay. Additionally, APAP treatment suppressed the antioxidant capacity of the mice and increased the expression of the DNA damage markers γ-H2AX and p53. However, these effects of APAP on hepatotoxicity were significantly attenuated by DMSO treatment. Furthermore, the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling using the Wnt agonist CHIR99021 (CHIR) increased CYP2E1 expression in rat liver epithelial cells (WB-F344), whereas treatment with the Wnt/β-catenin antagonist IWP-2 inhibited nuclear β-catenin and CYP2E1 expression. Interestingly, APAP-induced cytotoxicity in WB-F344 cells was exacerbated by CHIR treatment and suppressed by IWP-2 treatment. Overall, these results showed that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling is involved in DILI through the upregulation of CYP2E1 expression by directly binding the transcription factor β-cat/TCF to the Cyp2e1 promoter, thus exacerbating DILI. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43188-023-00180-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Sub Shin
- Department of Research and Development, SML Genetree, Seoul, 05855 Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662 Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Bin Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Won
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662 Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Young Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662 Republic of Korea
| | - Changuk Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662 Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Won Park
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jeon
- Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Won Yun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
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Gungor H, Ekici M, Ates MB. Lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective effects of isorhamnetin on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:566-574. [PMID: 35502492 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2069256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Isorhamnetin is a hepatoprotective flavonoid molecule derived from the leaves and fruits of Hippophae rhamnoides L. However, the protective effect of isorhamnetin on acetaminophen (APAP) induced hepatotoxicity is still unknown. Thus, we aimed to investigate the lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective effects of isorhamnetin on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Hepatotoxicity was induced by a single injection of APAP (300 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). Isorhamnetin (50 or 100 mg/kg, orally) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) (200 mg/kg, orally), or vehicle control, were administered 1 h before the administration of APAP. Total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidative status (TOS) of liver tissue and levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) were analyzed by ELISA. Lipid profiles and liver function parameters were measured using an autoanalyzer. In addition, liver tissue was examined histopathologically. Isorhamnetin treatment significantly reduced the APAP-induced increase in the liver weight and liver index; it also reduced the APAP-induced increase in serum liver parameters (ALT, AST, ALP, and LDH) (p < 0.05). Isorhamnetin significantly reduced APAP-induced oxidative stress and inflammation by increasing TAS levels and decreasing TOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels (p < 0.05). Moreover, isorhamnetin treatment significantly regulated lipid profiles (TG, T-C, LDL-C, and HDL-C levels) that changed in response to APAP administration (p < 0.05). In histopathological examination, liver degeneration observed in the APAP group was significantly reduced in the NAC and isorhamnetin-treated groups (p < 0.05). This study suggests that isorhamnetin has a significant protective effect on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in mice through its lipid-lowering, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Gungor
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ekici
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Burak Ates
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Elkhateeb N, Hyde S, Hogg SL, Allsop D, Shankar A, Deegan P, Tan CY. Paracetamol toxicity in classic homocystinuria: Effect of N-acetylcysteine on total homocysteine. JIMD Rep 2023; 64:238-245. [PMID: 37151359 PMCID: PMC10159864 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical homocystinuria (HCU) is caused by cystathionine β-synthase deficiency leading to impaired homocysteine transsulfuration and accumulation of homocysteine and methionine. Patients present with a wide spectrum of manifestations including ocular, skeletal, neuropsychiatric, and vascular manifestations. We report a 48-year-old female with pyridoxine-unresponsive HCU treated with betaine, cyanocobalamin, and folate. Her diet was non-restricted due to intolerance of low-methionine diet. She was admitted to hospital following a fall, with multiple fractures and subsequently developed acute liver failure with encephalopathy. Shock, sepsis, and liver ischaemia/thrombosis were excluded. In the context of glutathione depletion expected in HCU, hepatic dysfunction was presumed to be due to iatrogenic paracetamol toxicity, despite paracetamol intake at conventional therapeutic dose, with role of hypermethioninemia as a contributing factor being uncertain. Betaine was discontinued on hospital admission. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) infusion was initiated. Plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) was 3.4 μmol/L 9 days following initiation of NAC treatment with a markedly elevated plasma methionine of 1278 μmol/L. tHcy concentration returned to pre-admission baseline after NAC was discontinued. Recovery following this episode was slow with a prolonged cholestatic phase and gradual improvement in jaundice and coagulopathy. We recommend that paracetamol should be administered cautiously in HCU patients due to underlying glutathione depletion and risk of toxicity even at therapeutic doses. NAC is clearly effective in lowering tHcy in classical HCU in the short-term however further research is required to assess clinical efficacy and use as a potential therapy in classical HCU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Elkhateeb
- Department of Metabolic MedicineCambridge University hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUK
- Department of Clinical GeneticsCambridge University hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUK
| | - Sarah Hyde
- Department of GastroenterologyNorfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS TrustNorwichUK
| | - Sarah L. Hogg
- Biochemical Genetics UnitCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUK
| | - Daniel Allsop
- Department of HistopathologyNorfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS TrustNorwichUK
| | - Arun Shankar
- Department of GastroenterologyNorfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS TrustNorwichUK
| | - Patrick Deegan
- Department of Metabolic MedicineCambridge University hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUK
| | - Chong Y. Tan
- Department of Metabolic MedicineCambridge University hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUK
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Gayden J, Hu S, Joseph PN, Delgado E, Liu S, Bell A, Puig S, Monga SP, Freyberg Z. A Spatial Atlas of Wnt Receptors in Adult Mouse Liver. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:558-566. [PMID: 36773785 PMCID: PMC10155265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic zonation is critical for most metabolic functions in liver. Wnt signaling plays an important role in establishing and maintaining liver zonation. Yet, the anatomic expression of Wnt signaling components, especially all 10 Frizzled (Fzd) receptors, has not been characterized in adult liver. To address this, the spatial expression of Fzd receptors was quantitatively mapped in adult mouse liver via multiplex fluorescent in situ hybridization. Although all 10 Fzd receptors were expressed within a metabolic unit, Fzd receptors 1, 4, and 6 were the highest expressed. Although most Wnt signaling occurs in zone 3, expression of most Fzd receptors was not zonated. In contrast, Fzd receptor 6 was preferentially expressed in zone 1. Wnt2 and Wnt9b expression was highly zonated and primarily found in zone 3. Therefore, the current results suggest that zonated Wnt/β-catenin signaling at baseline occurs primarily due to Wnt2 and Wnt9b rather than zonation of Fzd mRNA expression. Finally, the study showed that Fzd receptors and Wnts are not uniformly expressed by all hepatic cell types. Instead, there is broad distribution among both hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells, including endothelial cells. Overall, this establishment of a definitive mRNA expression atlas, especially of Fzd receptors, opens the door to future functional characterization in healthy and diseased liver states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenesis Gayden
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shikai Hu
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Paul N Joseph
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Evan Delgado
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Silvia Liu
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Aaron Bell
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephanie Puig
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Satdarshan P Monga
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Zachary Freyberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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Liu S, Kumari S, He H, Mishra P, Singh BN, Singh D, Liu S, Srivastava P, Li C. Biosensors integrated 3D organoid/organ-on-a-chip system: A real-time biomechanical, biophysical, and biochemical monitoring and characterization. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 231:115285. [PMID: 37058958 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
As a full-fidelity simulation of human cells, tissues, organs, and even systems at the microscopic scale, Organ-on-a-Chip (OOC) has significant ethical advantages and development potential compared to animal experiments. The need for the design of new drug high-throughput screening platforms and the mechanistic study of human tissues/organs under pathological conditions, the evolving advances in 3D cell biology and engineering, etc., have promoted the updating of technologies in this field, such as the iteration of chip materials and 3D printing, which in turn facilitate the connection of complex multi-organs-on-chips for simulation and the further development of technology-composite new drug high-throughput screening platforms. As the most critical part of organ-on-a-chip design and practical application, verifying the success of organ model modeling, i.e., evaluating various biochemical and physical parameters in OOC devices, is crucial. Therefore, this paper provides a logical and comprehensive review and discussion of the advances in organ-on-a-chip detection and evaluation technologies from a broad perspective, covering the directions of tissue engineering scaffolds, microenvironment, single/multi-organ function, and stimulus-based evaluation, and provides a more comprehensive review of the progress in the significant organ-on-a-chip research areas in the physiological state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Department of Medical Genetics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Shikha Kumari
- School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hongyi He
- West China School of Medicine & West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Parichita Mishra
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhisham Narayan Singh
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Divakar Singh
- School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sutong Liu
- Juxing College of Digital Economics, Haikou University of Economics, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Pradeep Srivastava
- School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Chenzhong Li
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong(Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518172, China.
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Ayenew KD, Wasihun Y. Hepatoprotective effect of methanol extract of Agave americana leaves on paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:99. [PMID: 37005601 PMCID: PMC10067186 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03931-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethiopians locally treat liver illnesses with A. Americana. Available literature demonstrates this. However, there are few in-vivo investigations that provide supporting data. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of methanolic extract of Agave americana leaves on rat liver damage caused by paracetamol. METHODS The acute oral toxicity test was conducted in accordance with OECD-425 recommendations. The approach outlined by Eesha et al. (Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 4:466-469, 2011) was used to test the hepatoprotective activity. Wistar male rats weighing between 180 and 200 g were used, and six groups with seven animals each were formed. Group I received treatment with gum acacia (2%) at a dose of 2 ml/kg p.o. daily for 7 days. Rats in group II were treated with 2% gum acacia orally daily for seven days along with a single dose of paracetamol (2 mg/kg) p.o. on 7th day. Silymarin (50 mg/kg) was given orally to Group III for 7 days. Plant extract doses of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg were administered orally to Groups IV -VI for seven days, respectively. All rats in groups III-VI were treated with paracetamol (2 mg/kg) 30 min following extract administration. Blood samples were obtained from the cardiac puncture after paracetamol had been used for 24 h to induce toxicity. Serum biomarkers (AST, ALT, ALP, and total bilirubin) were estimated. A histopathological investigation was also done. RESULTS No toxicity symptoms or animal fatalities were recorded during the acute toxicity study. The values of AST, ALT, ALP, and total bilirubin were all substantially raised by paracetamol. Significant hepatoprotective effects were obtained by pretreatment with A. americana extract. Histopathological examination of the liver tissues of paracetamol control group represented the presence of marked foci of mononuclear infiltration in the hepatic parenchyma tissue, sinusoid, and around central vein, as well as disorganization of hepatic plates, necrosis, and fatty changes of hepatocytes. Pretreatment with A. americana extract reversed these alterations. Results of the methanolic extract of A. americana were comparable to Silymarin. CONCLUSION The current investigation supports the hepatoprotective properties of Agave americana methanolic extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassahun Dires Ayenew
- Department of Pharmacy, Asrat Woldeyes Health Science Campus, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia.
| | - Yared Wasihun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ras Desta Damtew Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Shalaby AM, Shalaby RH, Alabiad MA, Abdelrahman DI, Alorini M, Jaber FA, Hassan SMA. Evening primrose oil attenuates oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, apoptosis, and ultrastructural alterations induced by metanil yellow in the liver of rat: a histological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical study. Ultrastruct Pathol 2023; 47:188-204. [PMID: 36927382 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2023.2189987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The food color metanil yellow (Myl) is hazardous to several body systems. Evening primrose oil (EPO) was reported to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. The present work investigated the impact of Myl on the hepatic structure and function of rats and evaluated the protective effect of EPO. Forty adult male rats were divided into four groups: control, EPO (5 g/kg/day), Myl (200 mg/kg/day), and EPO- Myl group. Myl significantly increased liver enzymes, advanced glycation end products (AGE), oxidative stress parameters, pro-inflammatory cytokines, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Blood vessels in the liver were dilated and congested, with cellular infiltration around them and associated with fibrosis. The hepatocytes were vacuolated and had dark nuclei. The immunohistochemical expression of iNOS, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and Bax was significantly elevated. Ultrastructurally, the hepatocytes showed lipid droplets, irregular condensed nuclei with widened perinuclear space, dilated rER, mitochondria with destructed cristae, and multiple vacuoles. Dilated congested blood sinusoids and collagen fiber bundles were seen between hepatocytes. Interestingly, these alterations were less pronounced in rats co-administrated with EPO and Myl. In conclusion, EPO can protect liver against the toxic effects of Myl due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Mohamed Shalaby
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Rania H Shalaby
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.,Biomedical Sciences Department, Dubai Medical College for Girls, Dubai, United Arab Emarates
| | - Mohamed Ali Alabiad
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Doaa I Abdelrahman
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Alorini
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima A Jaber
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Fadil HAE, Behairy A, Ebraheim LLM, Abd-Elhakim YM, Fathy HH. The palliative effect of mulberry leaf and olive leaf ethanolic extracts on hepatic CYP2E1 and caspase-3 immunoexpression and oxidative damage induced by paracetamol in male rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:41682-41699. [PMID: 36637651 PMCID: PMC10067661 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25152-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the possible protective role of mulberry leaf (MLE) and olive leaf (OLE) ethanolic extracts against paracetamol (PTL)-induced liver injury in rats compared to silymarin as a reference drug. Initially, MLE and OLE were characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Then, forty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups: the negative control group orally received distilled water for 35 days, the PTL-treated group (PTG) received 500 mg PTL/kg b. wt. for 7 days, the MLE-treated group (MLTG) received 400 mg MLE/kg b. wt., the OLE-treated group (OLTG) received 400 mg OLE/kg b. wt., and the silymarin-treated group (STG) received 100 mg silymarin/kg b. wt. The last three groups received the treatment for 28 days, then PTL for 7 days. The GC-MS characterization revealed that MLE comprised 19 constituents dominated by ethyl linoleate, phytol, hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester, and squalene. Moreover, OLE comprised 30 components, and the major components were 11-eicosenoic acid, oleic acid, phytol, and à-tetralone. MLE and OLE significantly corrected the PTL-induced normocytic normochromic anemia, leukocytosis, hypercholesterolemia, and hypoproteinemia. Moreover, the MLE and OLE pretreatment considerably suppressed the PTL-induced increment in serum levels of hepatic enzymes, including alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase. Furthermore, the PTL-induced depletion in antioxidant enzymes, including glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, and the rise in hepatic malondialdehyde content were significantly reversed by the MLE and OLE pretreatment. Besides, MLE and OLE pretreatment significantly protected the hepatic tissue against PTL-induced DNA damage, pathological perturbations, and increased caspase 3 and CYP2E1 immunoexpression. Of note, OLTG showed better enhancement of most indices rather than MLTG. Conclusively, these findings imply that OLE, with its antioxidant and antiapoptotic capabilities, is superior to MLE in protecting against PTL-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosny Abd El Fadil
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amany Behairy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa L M Ebraheim
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Yasmina M Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Heba Hussein Fathy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Shen XL, Guo YN, Lu MH, Ding KN, Liang SS, Mou RW, Yuan S, He YM, Tang LP. Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity predominantly via inhibiting Nrf2 antioxidative pathway and activating TLR4-NF-κB-MAPK inflammatory response in mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 252:114590. [PMID: 36738614 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To explore the action time and molecular mechanism underlying the effect of acetaminophen (APAP) on liver injury. APAP was used to establish drug-induced liver injury (DILI) model in mice. Mice in the model group were intraperitoneally injected 300 mg/kg APAP for 6, 12, and 24 h respectively, and control group mice were given the same volume of normal saline. The mice were anesthetized through intravenous injection of sodium pentobarbital at 6, 12, and 24 h after APAP poisoning. Analysis of ALT, AST and ALP in serum, liver histopathological observation, oxidative damage and western blot were performed. The livers in APAP exposed mice were pale, smaller, with a rough texture, and poorly arranged cells. Lesions, large areas of hyperemia, inflammation, swelling, poorly cell arrangement, necrosis, and apoptosis of liver cells were obvious in the liver tissue sections. Serum ALT, AST and ALP levels were significantly enhanced at 12 h of APAP adminstration mice than that of in control group mice (P<0.05). The histopathological alterations and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6) levels were most severe at 12 h of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. APAP treatment induced oxidative stress by decreasing hepatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) (P<0.05), and enhancing malondialdehyde (MDA) content (P<0.05). Moreover, APAP inhibited erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidative pathway with decreased of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins levels. Furthermore, APAP aggravated the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by increasing of NLRP3, caspase-1, ASC, IL-1β and IL-18 proteins levels. Finally, APAP further significantly activated the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathways. This study demonstrated that APAP-induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting of Nrf2 antioxidative pathway and promoting TLR4-NF-κB-MAPK inflammatory response and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Ling Shen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Yan-Na Guo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Meng-Han Lu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Kang-Ning Ding
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Shao-Shan Liang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Rui-Wei Mou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Sheng Yuan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Yong-Ming He
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China.
| | - Lu-Ping Tang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China.
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Shangguan L, Qian X, Wu Z, Han T, Sun W, Liu L, Liu Y. A ratiometric nanoprobe for the in vivo bioimaging of hypochlorous acid to detect drug-damaged liver and kidneys. Analyst 2023; 148:762-771. [PMID: 36648506 DOI: 10.1039/d2an01977a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
As the organs responsible for toxin transformation and excretion in the body, damage to the liver and kidneys induced by inevitable drug toxicity is the main cause of acute liver and kidney injury. P-Acetamidophenol overdose leads hypochlorous acid (HClO) to accumulate in the mitochondria of tissues, ultimately resulting in acute liver and kidney injury in humans, despite its clinical use as an antipyretic medicine. Herein, we report an HClO-activatable self-assembling ratiometric nanoprobe NRH-800-PEG for screening the upregulation of HClO by colocalization in mitochondria while monitoring the changes in the endogenous HClO levels in cells with ratiometric signals. Furthermore, NRH-800-PEG was constructed to evaluate injury by fluorescence ratio imaging in the tissues of inflammatory mice. Our strategy offers a novel tool for assessing disease progression during drug-induced liver and kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Shangguan
- Clinical Laboratory, Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao, 433000, China. .,School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Xiaoli Qian
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Zhuoyang Wu
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Tingting Han
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Wanlu Sun
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao, 433000, China.
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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El-Kashef DH, Sharawy MH. Hepatoprotective effect of nicorandil against acetaminophen-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in mice via modulating NO synthesis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:14253-14264. [PMID: 36149558 PMCID: PMC9908717 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23139-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose can produce hepatotoxicity and consequently liver damage. This study investigated the hepatoprotective impacts of nicorandil on hepatic damage induced by APAP. Nicorandil was administered orally (100 mg/kg) for seven days before APAP challenge (500 mg/kg, ip). Pretreatment with nicorandil reduced serum levels of aminotransferases, bilirubin, GGT and LDH, and increased serum level of albumin. Moreover, nicorandil inhibited the increase in liver MDA levels and reversed the decline in GSH content and SOD activity. Besides, it notably alleviated APAP-induced necrosis observed in histopathological findings. Additionally, nicorandil alleviated APAP-induced NO overproduction and iNOS expression; however, the protein expression of eNOS was significantly increased. Moreover, nicorandil markedly reduced hepatic TNF-α and NF-κB levels, in addition to decreasing the protein expression of MPO in hepatic tissues. Furthermore, flow cytometry (annexin V-FITC/PI) displayed a significant decline in late apoptotic and necrotic cells, and an increase in viable cells in nicorandil group. Also, nicorandil caused a significant boost in hepatic antiapoptotic marker bcl-2 level. The presented data proposed that the protective effect of nicorandil might be attributed to its antioxidant, its impact on NO homeostasis, and its anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, nicorandil may be a promising candidate for protection from liver injury induced by APAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia H. El-Kashef
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt
| | - Maha H. Sharawy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt
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Ghrayeb A, Agranovich B, Peled D, Finney AC, Abramovich I, Garcia JF, Traylor J, Drucker S, Fernandes SI, Weissman N, Chen YE, Rom O, Mor I, Gottlieb E. Fatty liver-mediated glycine restriction impairs glutathione synthesis and causes hypersensitization to acetaminophen. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.16.524043. [PMID: 36711913 PMCID: PMC9882121 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.16.524043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects nearly one third of the population worldwide. Understanding metabolic pathways involved can provide insights into disease progression. Untargeted metabolomics of livers from mice with early-stage steatosis indicated a decrease in methylated metabolites suggesting altered one carbon metabolism. The levels of glycine, a central component of one carbon metabolism, were lower in steatotic mice, in line with clinical evidence. Isotope tracing studies demonstrated that increased synthesis of serine from glycine is the underlying cause for glycine limitation in fatty livers. Consequently, the low glycine availability in steatotic livers impaired glutathione (GSH) synthesis under oxidative stress induced by acetaminophen (APAP), enhancing hepatic toxicity. Glycine supplementation mitigated acute liver damage and overall toxicity caused by APAP in fatty livers by supporting de novo GSH synthesis. Thus, early metabolic changes in NAFLD that lead to glycine depletion sensitize mice to xenobiotic toxicity even at a reversible stage of NAFLD.
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Cao L, Yin G, Du J, Jia R, Gao J, Shao N, Li Q, Zhu H, Zheng Y, Nie Z, Ding W, Xu G. Salvianolic Acid B Regulates Oxidative Stress, Autophagy and Apoptosis against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Hepatic Injury in Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030341. [PMID: 36766230 PMCID: PMC9913662 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvianolic acid B (Sal B), as one of the main water-soluble components of Salvia miltiorrhizae, has significant pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, free radical elimination and biofilm protection actions. However, the protective effect of Sal B on Nile tilapia and the underlying mechanism are rarely reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Sal B on antioxidant stress, apoptosis and autophagy in Nile tilapia liver. In this experiment, Nile tilapia were fed diets containing sal B (0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 g·kg-1) for 60 days, and then the oxidative hepatic injury of the tilapia was induced via intrapleural injection of 50 g·kg-1 cyclophosphamide (CTX) three times. After the final exposure to CTX, the Nile tilapia were weighed and blood and liver samples were collected for the detection of growth and biochemical indicators, pathological observations and TUNEL detection, as well as the determination of mRNA expression levels. The results showed that after the CTX treatment, the liver was severely damaged, the antioxidant capacity of the Nile tilapia was significantly decreased and the hepatocyte autophagy and apoptosis levels were significantly increased. Meanwhile, dietary Sal B can not only significantly improve the growth performance of tilapia and effectively reduce CTX-induced liver morphological lesions, but can also alleviate CTX-induced hepatocyte autophagy and apoptosis. In addition, Sal B also significantly regulated the expression of genes related to antioxidative stress, autophagy and apoptosis pathways. This suggested that the hepatoprotective effect of Sal B may be achieved through various pathways, including scavenging free radicals and inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis and autophagy.
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47
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Targeted modification of the carbon paste electrode by natural zeolite and graphene oxide for the enhanced analysis of paracetamol. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Chipangura JK, Ntamo Y, Mohr B, Chellan N. A review of challenges and prospects of 3D cell-based culture models used for studying drug induced liver injury during early phases of drug development. Hum Exp Toxicol 2023; 42:9603271221147884. [PMID: 36879529 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221147884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is the leading cause of compound attrition during drug development. Over the years, a battery of in-vitro cell culture toxicity tests is being conducted to evaluate the toxicity of compounds prior to testing in laboratory animals. Two-dimensional (2D) in-vitro cell culture models are commonly used and have provided a great deal of knowledge; however, these models often fall short in mimicking natural structures of tissues in-vivo. Testing in humans is the most logical method, but unfortunately there are ethical limitations associated with human tests. To overcome these limitations better human-relevant, predictive models are required. The past decade has witnessed significant efforts towards the development of three-dimensional (3D) in-vitro cell culture models better mimicking in-vivo physiology. 3D cell culture has advantages in being representative of the interactions of cells in-vivo and when validated can act as an interphase between 2D cell culture models and in-vivo animal models. The current review seeks to provide an overview of the challenges that make biomarkers used for detection of DILI not to be sensitive enough during drug development and explore how 3D cell culture models can be used to address the gap with the current models.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Chipangura
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town Research Animal Facility, South Africa
| | - Yonela Ntamo
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Bert Mohr
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town Research Animal Facility, South Africa
| | - Nireshni Chellan
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
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Wang P, Wang Y, Feng T, Yan Z, Zhu D, Lin H, Iqbal M, Deng D, Kulyar MFEA, Shen Y. Hedyotis diffusa alleviate aflatoxin B1-induced liver injury in ducks by mediating Nrf2 signaling pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114339. [PMID: 36508825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), the most harmful aflatoxins, is a frequent contamination in feed and food items, raising global concerns in animal production and human public health. Also, AFB1 induces oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, mutations, and DNA lesions through its metabolic transformation into aflatoxin B1-8,9-epoxide (AFBO) by cytochrome P450 (CYP450). Hedyotis diffusa (HD) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine known for its multiple pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory. Yet, the influence of HD on AFB1-induced liver injury in ducks is still unknown. Here, we investigated whether HD positively affects AFB1-induced liver injury in ducks. Results revealed that I) AFB1 caused significant changes in serum biochemical indices and decreased growth performance of ducks (such as ALT, AST, ALP, TP, ALB, final body weight, and body weight gain), whereas HD supplementation at 200 mg/kg mitigated these alterations. II) HD alleviated hepatic histopathological changes and liver index induced by AFB1 in ducks. III) HD significantly attenuated AFB1-induced oxidative stress, as measured by increased antioxidant enzyme activities such as SOD, GPx, and T-AOC and decreased MDA levels. Furthermore, HD reduced the level of AFB1-DNA adduct in duck liver. IV) HD significantly promoted the transcriptional expression of NF-E2-related nuclear factor 2 (Nrf2) and associated genes, including heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1), glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic (GCLC). In conclusion, these results demonstrated that HD could activate the Nrf2 pathway in ducks to reduce the hepatotoxicity driven by AFB1. This finding also provides theoretical and data support for a deeper understanding of the toxic mechanisms of AFB1 and its prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yingli Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Tianyi Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Ziyin Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Di Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Huixian Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Mudassar Iqbal
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Dandan Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | | | - Yaoqin Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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Chidiac AS, Buckley NA, Noghrehchi F, Cairns R. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose and hepatotoxicity: mechanism, treatment, prevention measures, and estimates of burden of disease. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2023; 19:297-317. [PMID: 37436926 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2023.2223959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Paracetamol is one of the most used medicines worldwide and is the most common important poisoning in high-income countries. In overdose, paracetamol causes dose-dependent hepatotoxicity. Acetylcysteine is an effective antidote, however despite its use hepatotoxicity and many deaths still occur. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes paracetamol overdose and toxicity (including mechanisms, risk factors, risk assessment, and treatment). In addition, we summarize the epidemiology of paracetamol overdose worldwide. A literature search on PubMed for poisoning epidemiology and mortality from 1 January 2017 to 26 October 2022 was performed to estimate rates of paracetamol overdose, liver injury, and deaths worldwide. EXPERT OPINION Paracetamol is widely available and yet is substantially more toxic than other analgesics available without prescription. Where data were available, we estimate that paracetamol is involved in 6% of poisonings, 56% of severe acute liver injury and acute liver failure, and 7% of drug-induced liver injury. These estimates are limited by lack of available data from many countries, particularly in Asia, South America, and Africa. Harm reduction from paracetamol is possible through better identification of high-risk overdoses, and better treatment regimens. Large overdoses and those involving modified-release paracetamol are high-risk and can be targeted through legislative change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle S Chidiac
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- New South Wales Poisons Information Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Buckley
- New South Wales Poisons Information Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Discipline of Biomedical Informatics and Digital Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Firouzeh Noghrehchi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Discipline of Biomedical Informatics and Digital Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rose Cairns
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- New South Wales Poisons Information Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
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