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Zhao D, Wu Y, Zhao H, Zhang F, Wang J, Liu Y, Lin J, Huang Y, Pan W, Qi J, Chen N, Yang X, Xu W, Tong Z, Cheng J. Midbrain FA initiates neuroinflammation and depression onset in both acute and chronic LPS-induced depressive model mice. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 117:356-375. [PMID: 38320681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Both exogenous gaseous and liquid forms of formaldehyde (FA) can induce depressive-like behaviors in both animals and humans. Stress and neuronal excitation can elicit brain FA generation. However, whether endogenous FA participates in depression occurrence remains largely unknown. In this study, we report that midbrain FA derived from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a direct trigger of depression. Using an acute depressive model in mice, we found that one-week intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of LPS activated semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) leading to FA production from the midbrain vascular endothelium. In both in vitro and in vivo experiments, FA stimulated the production of cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Strikingly, one-week microinfusion of FA as well as LPS into the midbrain dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN, a 5-HT-nergic nucleus) induced depressive-like behaviors and concurrent neuroinflammation. Conversely, NaHSO3 (a FA scavenger), improved depressive symptoms associated with a reduction in the levels of midbrain FA and cytokines. Moreover, the chronic depressive model of mice injected with four-week i.p. LPS exhibited a marked elevation in the levels of midbrain LPS accompanied by a substantial increase in the levels of FA and cytokines. Notably, four-week i.p. injection of FA as well as LPS elicited cytokine storm in the midbrain and disrupted the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by activating microglia and reducing the expression of claudin 5 (CLDN5, a protein with tight junctions in the BBB). However, the administration of 30 nm nano-packed coenzyme-Q10 (Q10, an endogenous FA scavenger), phototherapy (PT) utilizing 630-nm red light to degrade FA, and the combination of PT and Q10, reduced FA accumulation and neuroinflammation in the midbrain. Moreover, the combined therapy exhibited superior therapeutic efficacy in attenuating depressive symptoms compared to individual treatments. Thus, LPS-derived FA directly initiates depression onset, thereby suggesting that scavenging FA represents a promising strategy for depression treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danrui Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035. China
| | - Yiqing Wu
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035. China
| | - Hang Zhao
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035. China
| | - Fengji Zhang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035. China
| | - Junting Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035. China
| | - Yiying Liu
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035. China
| | - Jing Lin
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035. China
| | - Yirui Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, China
| | - Wenhao Pan
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035. China
| | - Jiahui Qi
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035. China
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology 437100, Hubei, China.
| | - Wen Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Zhiqian Tong
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035. China.
| | - Jianhua Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035. China.
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Regan JA, Truby LK, Tahir UA, Katz DH, Nguyen M, Kwee LC, Deng S, Wilson JG, Mentz RJ, Kraus WE, Hernandez AF, Gerszten RE, Peterson ED, Holman RR, Shah SH. Protein biomarkers of cardiac remodeling and inflammation associated with HFpEF and incident events. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20072. [PMID: 36418363 PMCID: PMC9684116 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24226-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that HFpEF is a heterogeneous clinical entity and distinct molecular pathways may contribute to pathophysiology. Leveraging unbiased proteomics to identify novel biomarkers, this study seeks to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of HFpEF. The discovery cohort consisted of HFpEF cases and non-HF controls from the CATHGEN study (N = 176); the validation cohort consisted of participants from the TECOS trial of patients with diabetes (N = 109). Proteins associated with HFpEF were included in a LASSO model to create a discriminative multi-protein model and assessed in the validation cohort. Survival models and meta-analysis were used to test the association of proteins with incident clinical outcomes, including HF hospitalization, mortality and HFpEF hospitalization in CATHGEN, TECOS and the Jackson Heart Study. In the derivation set, 190 proteins were associated with HFpEF in univariate analysis, of which 65 remained significant in the multivariate model. Twenty (30.8%) of these proteins validated in TECOS, including LCN2, U-PAR, IL-1ra, KIM1, CSTB and Gal-9 (OR 1.93-2.77, p < 0.01). LASSO regression yielded a 13-protein model which, when added to a clinical model inclusive of NT-proBNP, improved the AUC from 0.82 to 0.92 (p = 1.5 × 10-4). Five proteins were associated with incident HF hospitalization, four with HFpEF hospitalization and eleven with mortality (p < 0.05). We identified and validated multiple circulating biomarkers associated with HFpEF as well as HF outcomes. These biomarkers added incremental discriminative capabilities beyond clinical factors and NT-proBNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Regan
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (DUMC), 300 N. Duke Street, Box 104775, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lauren K Truby
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (DUMC), 300 N. Duke Street, Box 104775, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Usman A Tahir
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel H Katz
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maggie Nguyen
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (DUMC), 300 N. Duke Street, Box 104775, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Lydia Coulter Kwee
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (DUMC), 300 N. Duke Street, Box 104775, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Shuliang Deng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James G Wilson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert J Mentz
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - William E Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (DUMC), 300 N. Duke Street, Box 104775, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Adrian F Hernandez
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric D Peterson
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rury R Holman
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Svati H Shah
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (DUMC), 300 N. Duke Street, Box 104775, Durham, NC, 27701, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA.
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Becchi S, Buson A, Balleine BW. Inhibition of vascular adhesion protein 1 protects dopamine neurons from the effects of acute inflammation and restores habit learning in the striatum. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:233. [PMID: 34654450 PMCID: PMC8520223 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02288-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Changes in dopaminergic neural function can be induced by an acute inflammatory state that, by altering the integrity of the neurovasculature, induces neuronal stress, cell death and causes functional deficits. Effectively blocking these effects of inflammation could, therefore, reduce both neuronal and functional decline. To test this hypothesis, we inhibited vascular adhesion protein 1 (VAP-1), a membrane-bound protein expressed on the endothelial cell surface, that mediates leukocyte extravasation and induces oxidative stress. Method We induced dopaminergic neuronal loss by infusing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) directly into the substantia nigra (SN) in rats and administered the VAP-1 inhibitor, PXS-4681A, daily. Results LPS produced: an acute inflammatory response, the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the SN, reduced the dopaminergic projection to SN target regions, particularly the dorsolateral striatum (DLS), and a deficit in habit learning, a key function of the DLS. In an attempt to protect SN neurons from this inflammatory response we found that VAP-1 inhibition not only reduced neutrophil infiltration in the SN and striatum, but also reduced the associated striatal microglia and astrocyte response. We found VAP-1 inhibition protected dopamine neurons in the SN, their projections to the striatum and promoted the functional recovery of habit learning. Thus, we reversed the loss of habitual actions, a function usually dependent on dopamine release in DLS and sensitive to striatal dysfunction. Conclusions We establish, therefore, that VAP-1 inhibition has an anti-inflammatory profile that may be beneficial in the treatment of dopamine neuron dysfunction caused by an acute inflammatory state in the brain. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02288-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Becchi
- Decision Neuroscience Lab, School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | | | - Bernard W Balleine
- Decision Neuroscience Lab, School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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Luminescence turn-on response of naphthalene diimide based chemosensor with Formaldehyde: A novel stratagem for estimation of formaldehyde in storage fish samples. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 49:128287. [PMID: 34311088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A new strategy has been developed for selective estimation of toxic Formaldehyde (FA) in storage fish samples by a simple chemosensor (BNDI) based on naphthalene diimide core in aqueous medium at neutral pH. The rapid "lightning-up" fluorescence feature of BNDI has been implied to detect and estimate aqueous FA selectively at very low concentration. The chemosensing properties of BNDI with aqueous FA have been established through a unique interaction pattern which is proven by different spectroscopic and theoretical analysis.
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Bej S, Mandal S, Mondal A, Pal TK, Banerjee P. Solvothermal Synthesis of High-Performance d 10-MOFs with Hydrogel Membranes @ "Turn-On" Monitoring of Formaldehyde in Solution and Vapor Phase. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:25153-25163. [PMID: 34011156 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, two luminescent porous networks (CMERI-1 & CMERI-2) have been reported for the efficient detection of formaldehyde (FA) from aqueous medium. Judicious solvent screening using a high-throughput solvothermal procedure leads to two completely different metal-organic framework (MOFs) with different architectures. It is perceived that the framework CMERI-1 shows better sensitivity with a very short response time (1 min) in the realm of FA detection due to the facile imine (-N═CH-) formation, which is restricted in the case of CMERI-2. The fluorescence "turn-on" behavior is ascribed due to the inhibition of photoinduced electron transfer (PET) (from amine subunit to secondary building unit) process. The detection limits of CMERI-1 & CMERI-2 toward FA in aqueous medium were found to be 0.62 μM (0.019 ppm) and 1.39 μM (0.041 ppm), respectively, that lie far below the intracellular concentration of formaldehyde (100-400 μM). In addition, MOF-based hydrogel membrane was fabricated, which shows vapor-phase detection of FA, which is hitherto unexplored in this realm. Moreover, the response mechanisms of MOFs are supported by density functional theory (DFT) and Fukui indices analysis. The high stability of the porous frameworks along with its interesting sensing features such as fast recognition phenomenon, appreciable detection limit, etc. instigated us to explore its real-world applicability in various food sample and water analyses. In view of the modular design principle of our polymeric probe, the proposed approach could open a new horizon to construct powerful sensing materials for the ultrafast detection of other industrial pollutants in the domain of supramolecular and analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Bej
- Surface Engineering & Tribology Group, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), AcSIR Headquarters CSIR-HRDC Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sukdeb Mandal
- Surface Engineering & Tribology Group, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), AcSIR Headquarters CSIR-HRDC Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amita Mondal
- Surface Engineering & Tribology Group, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, India
| | - Tapan K Pal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar 382007, India
| | - Priyabrata Banerjee
- Surface Engineering & Tribology Group, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), AcSIR Headquarters CSIR-HRDC Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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A new highly selective fluorescence probe for the imaging of endogenous formaldehyde in living cells. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Tékus V, Horváth ÁI, Csekő K, Szabadfi K, Kovács-Valasek A, Dányádi B, Deres L, Halmosi R, Sághy É, Varga ZV, Adeghate E, Kőszegi T, Mátyus P, Gábriel R, Ferdinandy P, Pintér E, Helyes Z. Protective effects of the novel amine-oxidase inhibitor multi-target drug SZV 1287 on streptozotocin-induced beta cell damage and diabetic complications in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 134:111105. [PMID: 33338750 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disease leading to hyperglycemia due to insufficient pancreatic insulin production or effect. Amine oxidase copper containing 3 (AOC3) is an enzyme that belongs to the semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase family, which may be a novel therapeutic target to treat diabetic complications. We aimed to explore the effects of AOC3 inhibition and to test the actions of our novel AOC3 inhibitor multi-target drug candidate, SZV 1287, compared to a selective reference compound, LJP 1207, in an 8-week long insulin-controlled streptozotocin (STZ)-induced (60 mg/kg i.p.) rat diabetes model. Both AOC3 inhibitors (20 mg/kg, daily s.c. injections) were protective against STZ-induced pancreatic beta cell damage determined by insulin immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay, neuropathic cold hypersensitivity measured by paw withdrawal latency decrease from 0 °C water, and retinal dysfunction detected by electroretinography. SZV 1287 showed greater inhibitory effects on beta cell damage, and reduced retinal apoptosis shown by histochemistry. Mechanical hypersensitivity measured by aesthesiometry, cardiac dysfunction and nitrosative stress determined by echocardiography and immunohistochemistry/Western blot, respectively, serum Na+, K+, fructosamine, and urine microalbumin, creatinine, total protein/creatinine ratio alterations did not develop in response to diabetes. None of these parameters were influenced by the treatments except for SZV 1287 reducing serum fructosamine and LJP 1207 increasing urine creatinine. We provide the first evidence for protective effects of AOC3 inhibition on STZ-induced pancreatic beta cell damage, neuropathic cold hypersensitivity and diabetic retinal dysfunction. Long-term treatment with our novel multi-target analgesic candidate, SZV 1287, is safe and effective also under diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria Tékus
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Molecular Pharmacology Research Group & Centre for Neuroscience, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ádám István Horváth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Molecular Pharmacology Research Group & Centre for Neuroscience, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kata Csekő
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Molecular Pharmacology Research Group & Centre for Neuroscience, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Szabadfi
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Faculty of Sciences, Ifjúság útja 6, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Retinal Neurobiology Research Group & Centre for Neuroscience, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Andrea Kovács-Valasek
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Faculty of Sciences, Ifjúság útja 6, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Retinal Neurobiology Research Group & Centre for Neuroscience, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bese Dányádi
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Retinal Neurobiology Research Group & Centre for Neuroscience, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Deres
- Genomics and Experimental Cardiology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; HAS-UP Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, H-1245, Budapest, Hungary; 1st Department of Medicine, Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, Medical School, Ifjúság útja 13, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Róbert Halmosi
- Genomics and Experimental Cardiology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; 1st Department of Medicine, Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, Medical School, Ifjúság útja 13, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Éva Sághy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán V Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ernest Adeghate
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tamás Kőszegi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, Ifjúság útja 13, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Mátyus
- Institute of Digital Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Health and Public Services, Ferenc tér 15, H-1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Gábriel
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Faculty of Sciences, Ifjúság útja 6, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Retinal Neurobiology Research Group & Centre for Neuroscience, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1089, Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Erika Pintér
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; PharmInVivo Ltd., Szondi György u. 10, H-7629, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Molecular Pharmacology Research Group & Centre for Neuroscience, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; PharmInVivo Ltd., Szondi György u. 10, H-7629, Pécs, Hungary.
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8
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Augenreich M, Stickford J, Stute N, Koontz L, Cope J, Bennett C, Ratchford SM. Vascular dysfunction and oxidative stress caused by acute formaldehyde exposure in female adults. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H1369-H1379. [PMID: 33064555 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00605.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) is a common, volatile organic compound used in organic preservation with known health effects of eye, nose, and throat irritation linked to oxidative stress and inflammation. Indeed, long-term FA exposure may provoke skin disorders, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. However, the effects of short-term FA exposure on the vasculature have yet to be investigated. We sought to investigate the impact of an acute FA exposure on 1) macrovascular function in the arm (brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, FMD), 2) microvascular function in the arm (brachial artery reactive hyperemia, RH) and leg (common femoral artery, supine passive limb movement, PLM), and 3) circulating markers of oxidative stress (xanthine oxidase, XO; protein carbonyl, PC; and malondialdehyde, MDA) and inflammation (C-reactive protein, CRP). Ten (n = 10) healthy females (23 ± 1 yr) were studied before and immediately after a 90-min FA exposure [(FA): 197 ± 79 ppb] in cadaver dissection laboratories. Brachial artery FMD% decreased following FA exposure (Pre-FA Exp: 9.41 ± 4.21%, Post-FA Exp: 6.74 ± 2.57%; P = 0.043), and FMD/shear decreased following FA exposure (Pre-FA Exp: 0.13 ± 0.07 AU, Post-FA Exp: 0.07 ± 0.03 AU; P = 0.016). The area under the curve for brachial artery RH (Pre-FA Exp: 481 ± 191 ml, Post-FA Exp: 499 ± 165 ml) and common femoral artery PLM (Pre-FA Exp: 139 ± 95 ml, Post-FA Exp: 129 ± 64 ml) were unchanged by FA exposure (P > 0.05). Circulating MDA increased (Pre-FA Exp: 4.8 ± 1.3 µM, Post-FA Exp: 6.3 ± 2.2 µM; P = 0.047) while XO, PC, and CRP were unchanged by FA exposure (P > 0.05). These initial data suggest a short FA exposure can adversely alter vascular function and oxidative stress, influencing cardiovascular health.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study was the first to investigate the implications of acute formaldehyde (FA) exposure on adult female vascular function in the arms and legs. The main findings of this study were a decrease in conduit vessel function without any alteration to microvascular function following a 90-min FA exposure. Additionally, the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde increased after FA exposure. Taken together, these results suggest acute FA exposure have deleterious implications for the vasculature and redox balance.Listen to this article's corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/formaldehyde-exposure-decreases-vascular-function/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Augenreich
- Department of Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina
| | - Jonathon Stickford
- Department of Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina
| | - Nina Stute
- Department of Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina
| | - Laurel Koontz
- Department of Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina
| | - Janet Cope
- Department of Physical Therapy Education, Elon University School of Health Sciences, Elon, North Carolina
| | - Cynthia Bennett
- Department of Physician Assistant Studies, Elon University School of Health Sciences, Elon, North Carolina
| | - Stephen M Ratchford
- Department of Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina
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Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase Increases in Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis and Contributes to Valvular Interstitial Cell Calcification. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5197376. [PMID: 32411328 PMCID: PMC7201527 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5197376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS) is a common disease associated with aging. Oxidative stress participates in the valve calcification process in CAVS. Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO), also referred to as vascular adhesion protein 1 (VAP-1), transforms primary amines into aldehydes, generating hydrogen peroxide and ammonia. SSAO is expressed in calcified aortic valves, but its role in valve calcification has remained largely unexplored. The aims of this study were to characterize the expression and the activity of SSAO during aortic valve calcification and to establish the effects of SSAO inhibition on human valvular interstitial cell (VIC) calcification. Methods Human aortic valves from n = 80 patients were used for mRNA extraction and expression analysis, Western blot, SSAO activity determination, immunohistochemistry, and the isolation of primary VIC cultures. Results SSAO mRNA, protein, and activity were increased with increasing calcification within human aortic valves and localized in the vicinity of the calcified zones. The valvular SSAO upregulation was consistent after stratification of the subjects according to cardiovascular and CAVS risk factors associated with increased oxidative stress: body mass index, diabetes, and smoking. SSAO mRNA levels were significantly associated with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) in calcified tissue. Calcification of VIC was inhibited in the presence of the specific SSAO inhibitor LJP1586. Conclusion The association of SSAO expression and activity with valvular calcification and oxidative stress as well as the decreased VIC calcification by SSAO inhibition points to SSAO as a possible marker and therapeutic target to be further explored in CAVS.
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Ferrari F, Striani R, Visconti P, Esposito Corcione C, Greco A. Durability Analysis of Formaldehyde/Solid Urban Waste Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11111838. [PMID: 31717280 PMCID: PMC6918270 DOI: 10.3390/polym11111838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the innovative research activity carried out in the framework of the POIROT (Italian acronym of dOmotic Platform for Inertization and tRaceability of Organic wasTe) Project, this work aims to optimize the composition of the blends between the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and formaldehyde-based resins, in order to improve the durability properties. To this aim, in this work, commercial urea-formaldehyde and melamine-formaldehyde powder polymers have been proposed for the inertization of the OFMSW, according to the previous optimized OFMSW-transformation process. A preliminary study about the mechanical properties of the composite panels produced with the different resins was carried out by evaluating compressive, flexural, and tensile performances of the panels. Artificial weathering by cyclic (heating–cooling) and boiling tests were carried out and the mechanical properties were evaluated in order to assess the resistance of the panels to water and humidity. The melamine-formaldehyde based resin had the best performances also when subjected to the weathering tests and despite the higher content of resin in the composites, the panels produced with melamine-formaldehyde have the lowest values of release of formaldehyde minimizing their potential hazard level.
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Nandi S, Sharma E, Trivedi V, Biswas S. Metal–Organic Framework Showing Selective and Sensitive Detection of Exogenous and Endogenous Formaldehyde. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:15149-15157. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Sun P, Hernandez-Guillamón M, Campos-Martorell M, Simats A, Montaner J, Unzeta M, Solé M. Simvastatin blocks soluble SSAO/VAP-1 release in experimental models of cerebral ischemia: Possible benefits for stroke-induced inflammation control. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:542-553. [PMID: 29175057 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Beyond cholesterol reduction, statins mediate their beneficial effects on stroke patients through pleiotropic actions. They have shown anti-inflammatory properties by a number of different mechanisms, including the inhibition of NF-κB transcriptional activity and the consequent increase and release of adhesion molecules. We have studied simvastatin's effects on the vascular enzyme semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase/vascular adhesion protein 1 (SSAO/VAP-1), which is involved in stroke-mediated brain injury. SSAO/VAP-1 has leukocyte-binding capacity and mediates the expression of other adhesion proteins through signaling molecules generated by its catalytic activity. Our results indicate that soluble SSAO/VAP-1 is released into the bloodstream after an ischemic stimulus, in parallel with an increase in E-selectin and VCAM-1 and correlating with infarct volume. Simvastatin blocks soluble SSAO/VAP-1 release and prevents E-selectin and VCAM-1 overexpression as well. Simvastatin also effectively blocks SSAO/VAP-1-mediated leukocyte adhesion, although it is not an enzymatic inhibitor of SSAO in vitro. In addition, simvastatin-induced changes in adhesion molecules are greater in human brain endothelial cell cultures expressing SSAO/VAP-1, compared to those not expressing it, indicating some synergic effect with SSAO/VAP-1. We think that part of the beneficial effect of simvastatin in stroke is mediated by the attenuation of the SSAO/VAP-1-dependent inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Sun
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Hernandez-Guillamón
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Campos-Martorell
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Simats
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Montaner
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Unzeta
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Montse Solé
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Evidence that endogenous formaldehyde produces immunogenic and atherogenic adduct epitopes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10787. [PMID: 28883613 PMCID: PMC5589919 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous formaldehyde is abundantly present in our bodies, at around 100 µM under normal conditions. While such high steady state levels of formaldehyde may be derived by enzymatic reactions including oxidative demethylation/deamination and myeloperoxidation, it is unclear whether endogenous formaldehyde can initiate and/or promote diseases in humans. Here, we show that fluorescent malondialdehyde-formaldehyde (M2FA)-lysine adducts are immunogenic without adjuvants in mice. Natural antibody titers against M2FA are elevated in atherosclerosis-prone mice. Staining with an antibody against M2FA demonstrated that M2FA is present in plaque found on the aortic valve of ApoE−/− mice. To mimic inflammation during atherogenesis, human myeloperoxidase was incubated with glycine, H2O2, malondialdehyde, and a lysine analog in PBS at a physiological temperature, which resulted in M2FA generation. These results strongly suggest that the 1,4-dihydropyridine-type of lysine adducts observed in atherosclerosis lesions are likely produced by endogenous formaldehyde and malondialdehyde with lysine. These highly fluorescent M2FA adducts may play important roles in human inflammatory and degenerative diseases.
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Li Z, Xu Y, Zhu H, Qian Y. Imaging of formaldehyde in plants with a ratiometric fluorescent probe. Chem Sci 2017; 8:5616-5621. [PMID: 28989598 PMCID: PMC5621015 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00373k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The fluorescence monitoring of formaldehyde in real environmental samples and live plant tissues is of great importance for physiological and pathological studies. However, there is a lack of suitable chemical tools to directly trace and measure the formaldehyde activity in bio-systems, and developing effective and, in particular, selective sensors for mapping formaldehyde in live tissues still remains a great challenge. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that the ratiometric fluorescence monitoring of formaldehyde in live plant tissues is achieved with a newly developed ratiometric fluorescent probe, FAP, which effectively eliminated interference from other comparative analytes. Live tissue analyses reveal that FAP can potentially detect exogenous and endogenous formaldehyde in live Arabidopsis thaliana tissues, exposing a potential application for biological and pathological studies of formaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , No. 163 Xianlin Road , Nanjing 210023 , China .
| | - Yuqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , No. 163 Xianlin Road , Nanjing 210023 , China .
| | - Hailiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , No. 163 Xianlin Road , Nanjing 210023 , China .
| | - Yong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , No. 163 Xianlin Road , Nanjing 210023 , China .
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science , Nanjing Normal University , No. 1 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing , 210046 , China .
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Demkiv O, Smutok O, Gonchar M, Nisnevitch M. A Reagentless Amperometric Formaldehyde-Selective Chemosensor Based on Platinized Gold Electrodes. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10050503. [PMID: 28772868 PMCID: PMC5459054 DOI: 10.3390/ma10050503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fabrication and characterization of a new amperometric chemosensor for accurate formaldehyde analysis based on platinized gold electrodes is described. The platinization process was performed electrochemically on the surface of 4 mm gold planar electrodes by both electrolysis and cyclic voltamperometry. The produced electrodes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray spectral analysis. Using a low working potential (0.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl) enabled an essential increase in the chemosensor’s selectivity for the target analyte. The sensitivity of the best chemosensor prototype to formaldehyde is uniquely high (28180 A·M−1·m−2) with a detection limit of 0.05 mM. The chemosensor remained stable over a one-year storage period. The formaldehye-selective chemosensor was tested on samples of commercial preparations. A high correlation was demonstrated between the results obtained by the proposed chemosensor, chemical and enzymatic methods (R = 0.998). The developed formaldehyde-selective amperometric chemosensor is very promising for use in industry and research, as well as for environmental control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olha Demkiv
- Department of Analytical Biotechnology, Institute of Cell Biology, Drahomanov Street 14/16, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine.
| | - Oleh Smutok
- Department of Analytical Biotechnology, Institute of Cell Biology, Drahomanov Street 14/16, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine.
| | - Mykhailo Gonchar
- Department of Analytical Biotechnology, Institute of Cell Biology, Drahomanov Street 14/16, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine.
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology and Basic Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Kolbuszowa 36-100, Poland.
| | - Marina Nisnevitch
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel.
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Expression of the semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase in articular cartilage: its role in terminal differentiation of chondrocytes in rat and human. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:1223-34. [PMID: 26851450 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.01.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) catalyzes the oxidation of primary amines into ammonia and reactive species (hydrogen peroxide, aldehydes). It is highly expressed in mammalian tissues, especially in vascular smooth muscle cells and adipocytes, where it plays a role in cell differentiation and glucose transport. The study aims at characterizing the expression and the activity of SSAO in rat and human articular cartilage of the knee, and to investigate its potential role in chondrocyte terminal differentiation. DESIGN SSAO expression was examined by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Enzyme activity was measured using radiolabeled benzylamine as a substrate. Primary cell cultures of rat chondrocytes were treated for 21 days by a specific SSAO inhibitor, LJP 1586. Terminal chondrocyte differentiation markers were quantified by RT-qPCR. The basal and IL1β-stimulated glucose transport was monitored by the entrance of (3)[H]2-deoxyglucose in chondrocytes. RESULTS SSAO was expressed in chondrocytes of rat and human articular cartilage. SSAO expression was significantly enhanced during the hypertrophic differentiation of chondrocytes characterized by an increase in MMP13 and in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expressions. SSAO inhibition delayed the late stage of chondrocyte differentiation without cell survival alteration and diminished the basal and IL1β-stimulated glucose transport. Interestingly, SSAO activity was strongly increased in human osteoarthritic cartilage. CONCLUSIONS SSAO was expressed as an active form in rat and human cartilage. The results suggest the involvement of SSAO in rat chondrocyte terminal differentiation via a modulation of the glucose transport. In man, the increased SSAO activity detected in osteoarthritic patients may trigger hypertrophy and cartilage degeneration.
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Januszewski AS, Mason N, Karschimkus CS, Rowley KG, Best JD, O'Neal DN, Jenkins AJ. Plasma semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase activity in type 1 diabetes is related to vascular and renal function but not to glycaemia. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2014; 11:262-269. [PMID: 24853908 DOI: 10.1177/1479164114532963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Associations of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) activity with renal and vascular function, oxidative stress, glycaemia and diabetes complications were determined. METHODS Plasma SSAO activity in 94 type 1 diabetes (T1DM) patients, including 34 with microvascular complications T1DM CX[+], and in 96 healthy subjects (CON) was measured by production of benzaldehyde using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS SSAO activity (mean ± SD) was greater in T1DM than in CON (1049 ± 294 vs 749 ± 204 mU/L; p < 0.00001) and was higher in T1DM CX[+] vs complication-free DM subjects (1148 ± 313 mU/L vs 982 ± 269 mU/L; p = 0.01). In T1DM, SSAO activity correlated with renal dysfunction [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR): r = -0.44; p = 0.0001; cystatin C: r = 0.47; p = 0.0001] and markers of inflammation [soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1): r = 0.41, p = 0.0001; soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1): r = 0.33, p = 0.002] and was inversely related to small artery elasticity (SAE) (r = -0.23, p = 0.03). In CON, SSAO activity correlated with HbA1c (r = 0.26; p = 0.02). CONCLUSION In T1DM, SSAO activity correlates with renal dysfunction, but not with glycaemia, and may promote vascular inflammation and be a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej S Januszewski
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nick Mason
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Connie S Karschimkus
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kevin G Rowley
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - James D Best
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David N O'Neal
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Hao X, Liu X, Wang W, Ren H, Xie J, Shen P, Lin D, Chen N. Distinct metabolic profile of primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis revealed by NMR-based metabolomics. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78531. [PMID: 24244321 PMCID: PMC3823857 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is pathological entity which is characterized by idiopathic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) and progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the majority of affected individuals. Currently, there is no practical noninvasive technique to predict different pathological types of glomerulopathies. In this study, the role of urinary metabolomics in the diagnosis and pathogenesis of FSGS was investigated. Methods NMR-based metabolomics was applied for the urinary metabolic profile in the patients with FSGS (n = 25), membranous nephropathy (MN, n = 24), minimal change disease (MCD, n = 14) and IgA nephropathy (IgAN, n = 26), and healthy controls (CON, n = 35). The acquired data were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) followed by orthogonal projections to latent structure discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Model validity was verified using permutation tests. Results FSGS patients were clearly distinguished from healthy controls and other three types of glomerulopathies with good sensitivity and specificity based on their global urinary metabolic profiles. In FSGS patients, urinary levels of glucose, dimethylamine and trimethylamine increased compared with healthy controls, while pyruvate, valine, hippurate, isoleucine, phenylacetylglycine, citrate, tyrosine, 3-methylhistidine and β-hydroxyisovalerate decreased. Additionally, FSGS patients had lower urine N-methylnicotinamide levels compared with other glomerulopathies. Conclusions NMR-based metabonomic approach is amenable for the noninvasive diagnosis and differential diagnosis of FSGS as well as other glomerulopathies, and it could indicate the possible mechanisms of primary FSGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Hao
- Nephrology Department, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Bimolecular NMR Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiming Wang
- Nephrology Department, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Nephrology Department, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyuan Xie
- Nephrology Department, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pingyan Shen
- Nephrology Department, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Donghai Lin
- Bimolecular NMR Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Nephrology Department, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Lawrence GD. Dietary fats and health: dietary recommendations in the context of scientific evidence. Adv Nutr 2013; 4:294-302. [PMID: 23674795 PMCID: PMC3650498 DOI: 10.3945/an.113.003657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although early studies showed that saturated fat diets with very low levels of PUFAs increase serum cholesterol, whereas other studies showed high serum cholesterol increased the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), the evidence of dietary saturated fats increasing CAD or causing premature death was weak. Over the years, data revealed that dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs) are not associated with CAD and other adverse health effects or at worst are weakly associated in some analyses when other contributing factors may be overlooked. Several recent analyses indicate that SFAs, particularly in dairy products and coconut oil, can improve health. The evidence of ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) promoting inflammation and augmenting many diseases continues to grow, whereas ω3 PUFAs seem to counter these adverse effects. The replacement of saturated fats in the diet with carbohydrates, especially sugars, has resulted in increased obesity and its associated health complications. Well-established mechanisms have been proposed for the adverse health effects of some alternative or replacement nutrients, such as simple carbohydrates and PUFAs. The focus on dietary manipulation of serum cholesterol may be moot in view of numerous other factors that increase the risk of heart disease. The adverse health effects that have been associated with saturated fats in the past are most likely due to factors other than SFAs, which are discussed here. This review calls for a rational reevaluation of existing dietary recommendations that focus on minimizing dietary SFAs, for which mechanisms for adverse health effects are lacking.
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Chronic benzylamine administration in the drinking water improves glucose tolerance, reduces body weight gain and circulating cholesterol in high-fat diet-fed mice. Pharmacol Res 2010; 61:355-63. [PMID: 20045461 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2009.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Revised: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Benzylamine is found in Moringa oleifera, a plant used to treat diabetes in traditional medicine. In mammals, benzylamine is metabolized by semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) to benzaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide. This latter product has insulin-mimicking action, and is involved in the effects of benzylamine on human adipocytes: stimulation of glucose transport and inhibition of lipolysis. This study examined whether chronic, oral administration of benzylamine could improve glucose tolerance and the circulating lipid profile without increasing oxidative stress in overweight and pre-diabetic mice. The benzylamine diffusion across the intestine was verified using everted gut sacs. Then, glucose handling and metabolic markers were measured in mice rendered insulin-resistant when fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and receiving or not benzylamine in their drinking water (3600micromol/(kgday)) for 17 weeks. HFD-benzylamine mice showed lower body weight gain, fasting blood glucose, total plasma cholesterol and hyperglycaemic response to glucose load when compared to HFD control. In adipocytes, insulin-induced activation of glucose transport and inhibition of lipolysis remained unchanged. In aorta, benzylamine treatment partially restored the nitrite levels that were reduced by HFD. In liver, lipid peroxidation markers were reduced. Resistin and uric acid, surrogate plasma markers of metabolic syndrome, were decreased. In spite of the putative deleterious nature of the hydrogen peroxide generated during amine oxidation, and in agreement with its in vitro insulin-like actions found on adipocytes, the SSAO-substrate benzylamine could be considered as a potential oral agent to treat metabolic syndrome.
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Toxicity of derivatives from semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase-mediated deamination of methylamine against Toxoplasma gondii after infection of differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2009; 24:809-14. [PMID: 20025955 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Revised: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays an active role in normal metabolic homeostasis as well as in the development of human diseases such as atherosclerosis and diabetes. We report here antimicrobial activities of the metabolites from adipocytes. Specifically, semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase of differentiated 3T3-L1 cells was found to utilize methylamine for producing formaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide, accounting for the inhibition of infectivity of Toxoplasma gondii and its replication in these cells. This was demonstrated by the findings that semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase was extremely high in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells; and that the infection of these cells by T. gondii and its intracellular replication were decreased to 33% and 37% of the control, respectively, when methylamine was provided in micromolar concentrations as the substrate to the aminoxidase. Only one of the two reaction products expected was found inhibitory against T. gondii when added to the infected pre-adipocytes of 3T3-L1. Intracellular replication of this parasite was inhibited by formaldehyde in the range of 10-100 microM and stimulated by hydrogen peroxide at 1-10 microM. The finding indicates that T. gondii may be useful as a sensitive and convenient sentinel for screening agents toxic to eukaryotic cells.
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Dai X, Ou X, Hao X, Cao D, Tang Y, Hu Y, Li X, Tang C. Synthetic liver X receptor agonist T0901317 inhibits semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase gene expression and activity in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2008; 40:261-8. [PMID: 18330481 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7270.2008.00391.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) catalyzes oxidative deamination of primary aromatic and aliphatic amines. Increased SSAO activity has been found in atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus. We hypothesize that the anti-atherogenic effect of liver X receptors (LXRs) might be related to the inhibition of SSAO gene expression and its activity. In this study, we investigated the effect of LXR agonist T0901317 on SSAO gene expression and its activity in apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE(-/-)) mice. Male apoE(-/-) mice (8 weeks old) were randomly divided into four groups: basal control group; vehicle group; prevention group; and treatment group. SSAO gene expression was analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and its activity was determined. The activity of superoxide dismutase and content of malondialdehyde in the aorta and liver were also determined. In T0901317-treated mice, SSAO gene expression was significantly decreased in the aorta, liver, small intestine, and brain. SSAO activities in serum and in these tissues were also inhibited. The amount of superoxide dismutase in the aorta and liver of the prevention group and treatment group was significantly higher compared with the vehicle group (P<0.05). Malondialdehyde in the tissues of these two groups was significantly lower compared with the vehicle group (P<0.05). Our results showed that T0901317 inhibits SSAO gene expression and its activity in atherogenic apoE(-/-) mice. The atheroprotective effect of LXR agonist T0901317 is related to the inhibition of SSAO gene expression and its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Dai
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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Solé M, Hernandez-Guillamon M, Boada M, Unzeta M. p53 phosphorylation is involved in vascular cell death induced by the catalytic activity of membrane-bound SSAO/VAP-1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2008; 1783:1085-94. [PMID: 18348872 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2008.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2007] [Revised: 01/30/2008] [Accepted: 02/13/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Semicarbazide sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) is a multifunctional enzyme present mainly in adipocytes, endothelial and smooth muscle cells. It metabolizes primary aliphatic and aromatic amines generating products able to contribute to cellular oxidative stress. SSAO is expressed in a membrane-bound form and is also present as a soluble enzyme in plasma. Both isoforms are increased in several pathologies, and the catalytic products generated by the soluble enzymatic activity can induce cytotoxicity of vascular cells in culture. We have analyzed whether the transmembrane form of the enzyme is able to produce a cytotoxic effect through methylamine oxidation. Since cells in culture lose the expression of this enzyme, we used an SSAO stably transfected smooth muscle cell line. Herein we report that cell treatment with the substrate methylamine induced a dose and time dependent cytotoxic effect. The tumor suppressor protein p53 played an important role in the molecular pathway involved in this cell death. Moreover, we also observed the induction of PUMA-alpha expression with mitochondrial Bcl-2 family proteins being affected, and final effector caspases being activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montse Solé
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, (08193) Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Chang T, Wu L. Methylglyoxal, oxidative stress, and hypertension. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2007; 84:1229-38. [PMID: 17487230 DOI: 10.1139/y06-077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic mechanisms for essential hypertension are unclear despite striking efforts from numerous research teams over several decades. Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been associated with the development of hypertension and the role of ROS in hypertension has been well documented in recent years. In this context, it is important to better understand pathways and triggering factors for increased ROS production in hypertension. This review draws a causative linkage between elevated methylglyoxal level, methylglyoxal-induced production of ROS, and advanced glycation end products in the development of hypertension. It is proposed that elevated methylglyoxal level and resulting protein glycation and ROS production may be the upstream links in the chain reaction leading to the development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuanjie Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
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Raimondi L, Alfarano C, Pacini A, Livi S, Ghelardini C, DeSiena G, Pirisino R. Methylamine-dependent release of nitric oxide and dopamine in the CNS modulates food intake in fasting rats. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 150:1003-10. [PMID: 17339841 PMCID: PMC2013916 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Methylamine is an endogenous aliphatic amine exhibiting anorexigenic properties in mice. The aim of this work was to show whether methylamine also modifies feeding behaviour in rats and, if so, to identify the mediator(s) responsible for such effects. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Microdialysis experiments with the probe inserted in the periventricular hypothalamic nucleus were carried out in 12 h starved, freely moving rats. Collected perfusate samples following methylamine injection (i.c.v.) were analysed for nitric oxide by chemiluminescence and for dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine content by HPLC. Kv1.6 potassium channel expression was reduced by antisense strategy and this decrease quantified by semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis. KEY RESULTS Methylamine showed biphasic dose-related effects on rat feeding. At doses of 15-30 microg per rat, it was hyperphagic whereas higher doses (60-80 microg) were hypophagic. Methylamine stimulated central nitric oxide (+115% vs. basal) following hyperphagic and dopamine release (60% over basal values) at hypophagic doses, respectively. Treatment with L-N(G)-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (i.c.v. 2 microg 10 microl(-1)) or with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (i.p. 100 mg kg(-1)) before methylamine injection, reduced nitric oxide output and hyperphagia, or dopamine release and hypophagia respectively. Moreover, hypophagia and hyperphagia, as well as nitric oxide and dopamine release were significantly reduced by down-regulating brain Kv1.6 potassium channel expression. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The effects of methylamine on feeding depend on the hypothalamic release of nitric oxide and dopamine as a result of interaction at the Kv1.6 channels. The study of methylamine levels in the CNS may provide new perspectives on the physiopathology of alimentary behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Raimondi
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence Florence, Italy
| | - C Alfarano
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence Florence, Italy
| | - A Pacini
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine, University of Florence Florence, Italy
| | - S Livi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Rome La Sapienza Rome, Italy
| | - C Ghelardini
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence Florence, Italy
| | - G DeSiena
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence Florence, Italy
| | - R Pirisino
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence Florence, Italy
- Author for correspondence:
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Obata T. Diabetes and semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) activity: A review. Life Sci 2006; 79:417-22. [PMID: 16487546 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2005] [Revised: 12/29/2005] [Accepted: 01/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) activity has been reported to be elevated in blood from diabetic patients. SSAO are widely distributed in plasma membranes of various tissues and blood plasma. SSAO-mediated production of toxic aldehydes has been proposed to be related to pathophysiological conditions. Cytotoxic metabolites by SSAO may cause endothelial injury and subsequently induce atherosclerosis. The precise physiological functions of SSAO could play an important role in the control of energy balance in adipose tissue. It is possible that the increased SSAO activity in diabetes may be a result of up-regulation due to increase of SSAO substrates, such as methylamine or aminoacetone. SSAO could play an important role in the regulation of adipocyte homeostasis. Inhibition of SSAO could be of therapeutic value for treatment of diabetic patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Obata
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ohu University, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan.
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Obata T. Endogenous semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) inhibitor increases 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+)-induced dopamine efflux by immobilization stress in rat striatum. Int J Dev Neurosci 2006; 24:343-7. [PMID: 16725303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2006.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2006] [Revised: 04/04/2006] [Accepted: 04/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined whether or not immobilization stress (IMMO)-inducible semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) inhibitor by separated gel filtration from 105,000 g supernate in rat brain cytosol contribute to the dopamine (DA) efflux by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+)) in the rat striatum. The isoelectric point (pI) value of this inhibitor was determined by isoelectric focusing (IEF)-gel electrophoresis to about 3.8. The application of IMMO-induced SSAO inhibitor (3 microg) by IEF-gel electrophoresis increased DA efflux by MPP(+) in rat striatum. These results suggest that IMMO-inducible endogenous SSAO inhibitor enhances DA efflux by MPP(+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Obata
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ohu University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan.
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Cioni L, De Siena G, Ghelardini C, Sernissi O, Alfarano C, Pirisino R, Raimondi L. Activity and expression of semicarbazide-sensitive benzylamine oxidase in a rodent model of diabetes: interactive effects with methylamine and alpha-aminoguanidine. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 529:179-87. [PMID: 16325802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2005] [Revised: 10/21/2005] [Accepted: 10/26/2005] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Previous data indicate that methylamine injection in fasted healthy mice produced a hypophagic effect dependent of neuronal K(v)1.6 channels expression and increased by alpha-aminoguanidine, an inhibitor of semicarbazide-sensitive benzylamine oxidase enzymes mainly involved in amine degradation. In the present work we have investigated: 1) the level of expression and activity of the semicarbazide-sensitive benzylamine oxidase; 2) the effect of methylamine alone and in the presence of alpha-aminoguanidine on food intake of genetic obese and type II diabetes mice (the db/db mice). Db/db mice showed higher levels of semicarbazide-sensitive benzylamine oxidase activities in adipose tissue and in plasma than their lean counterpart (db/db(+) mice). Methylamine (30-75 microg, i.c.v.) showed similar hypophagic effects in obese and lean mice consistently with the levels of neuronal K(v)1.6 found in both animal strains. Alpha-aminoguandine (50 mg/kg, i.p.) increased methylamine (i.c.v.) hypophagia in both obese and lean mice and only in obese mice when methylamine was given i.p. These results suggest a crucial role of semicarbazide-sensitive benzylamine oxidase activity in controlling methylamine hypophagia in hyperphagic diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cioni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Italy
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Demkiv OM, Paryzhak SY, Krasovs'ka ES, Stasyk OV, Gayda GZ, Sibirny AA, Gonchar MV. Construction of methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha strains over-producing formaldehyde dehydrogenase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.7124/bc.000710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. M. Demkiv
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
| | - S. Ya. Paryzhak
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
| | - E. S. Krasovs'ka
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
| | - O. V. Stasyk
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
| | - G. Z. Gayda
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
| | - A. A. Sibirny
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
| | - M. V. Gonchar
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
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Visentin V, Bour S, Boucher J, Prévot D, Valet P, Ordener C, Parini A, Carpéné C. Glucose handling in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats is improved by tyramine but not by the amine oxidase inhibitor semicarbazide. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 522:139-46. [PMID: 16202994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2005] [Revised: 08/08/2005] [Accepted: 08/15/2005] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A soluble form of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) circulating in plasma is known to increase in type 1 and 2 diabetes. This cuproenzyme generates hydrogen peroxide, ammonia, and aldehydes when oxidizing circulating biogenic or exogenous amines. Based on the angiotoxicity of these products, inhibition of SSAO has been proposed to prevent vascular complications of diabetes. However, substrates of SSAO and monoamine oxidase (MAO) have been recently evidenced to activate glucose utilisation in insulin-sensitive tissues and to exhibit antihyperglycemic actions. To determine whether amine oxidase blockade or activation could be beneficial for diabetes, we aimed at comparing the influence of prolonged treatments with semicarbazide (SSAO-inhibitor), pargyline (MAO-inhibitor), or tyramine (amine oxidase substrate) on amine oxidase activities and glycemic control in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The increase in plasma SSAO was confirmed in diabetic rats, while MAO and SSAO were decreased in subcutaneous adipose tissue when compared with normoglycemic controls. Among the diabetic rats, only those receiving tyramine exhibited slightly decreased hyperglycemia and improved glucose tolerance. Adipocytes from untreated or treated diabetic rats shared similar sensitivity to insulin. However glucose uptake activation and lipolysis inhibition in response to amine oxidase substrates combined with vanadate were impaired in rats treated with amine oxidase inhibitors. Thus, amine oxidase inhibition does not improve metabolic control while prolonged administration of tyramine slightly improves glucose disposal. It is therefore concluded that amine oxidase activation by increased substrate supply elicits insulin-like actions that may be more beneficial in diabetes than SSAO inhibition formerly proposed to prevent vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgile Visentin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U586, IFR 31, Bat. L3, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France
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Ucar G, Topaloglu E, Burak Kandilci H, Gumusel B. Elevated semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) activity in lung with ischemia-reperfusion injury: protective effect of ischemic preconditioning plus SSAO inhibition. Life Sci 2005; 78:421-7. [PMID: 16111719 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2005] [Accepted: 04/30/2005] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic preconditioning (IP) has been shown to protect the lung against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Although the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been postulated to play a crucial role in I/R injury, the sources of these radicals in I/R and the mechanisms of protection in IP remain unknown. Since it was postulated that deamination of endogenous and exogenous amines by semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) in tissue damage leads to the overproduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), we investigated the possible contribution of tissue SSAO to excess ROS generation and lipid peroxidation during I/R and IP of the lung. Male Wistar rats were randomized into 6 groups: control lungs were subjected to 30 min of perfusion in absence and presence of SSAO inhibitor, whereas the lungs of the I/R group were subjected to 2 h of cold ischemia following the 30 min of perfusion in absence and presence of SSAO inhibitor. IP was performed by two cycles of 5 min ischemia followed by 5 min of reperfusion prior to 2 h of hypothermic ischemia in absence and presence of SSAO inhibitor. Lipid peroxidation, reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione levels, antioxidant enzyme activities, SSAO activity, and H2O2 release were determined in tissue samples of the study groups. Lipid peroxidation, glutathione disulfide (GSSG) content, SSAO activity and H2O2 release were increased in the I/R group, whereas GSH content, GSH/GSSG ratio and antioxidant enzyme activities were decreased. SSAO activity, H2O2 release, GSSG content and lipid peroxidation were markedly decreased in the IP group, whereas GSH content, GSH/GSSG ratio and antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly increased. SSAO activity was found to be positively correlated with H2O2 production in all study groups. Increased lipid peroxidation, SSAO activity, GSSG and H2O2 contents as well as decreased GSH and antioxidant enzyme levels in I/R returned to their basal levels when IP and SSAO inhibition were applied together. The present study suggests that application of IP and SSAO inhibition together may be more effective than IP alone against I/R injury in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulberk Ucar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
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Carpéné C, Visentin V, Morin N, Prévot D, Smih F, Rouet P, Jayat D, Fontana E, Lizcano JM. Characterization of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase in human subcutaneous adipocytes and search for novel functions. Inflammopharmacology 2004; 11:119-26. [PMID: 15035813 DOI: 10.1163/156856003765764281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have characterized semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase activity (SSAO) in rat fat cells but this oxidase is scarcely documented in human adipose tissue. Our aim was to further characterize SSAO in human adipose tissue (activity, mRNA and protein abundance) and to investigate whether SSAO activity can interplay with glucose and lipid metabolism in human adipocytes via the hydrogen peroxide it generates. Polyclonal antibodies directed against bovine lung SSAO allowed the detection of a substantial amount of immunoreactive protein (apparent molecular mass 100 kDa) in human subcutaneous adipocytes from either mammary or abdominal fat depots. A 4-kb mRNA was detected in fat depots using a cDNA probe designed from the placenta SSAO sequence. Almost all the oxidation of benzylamine found in adipose tissue homogenates was due to fat cells and was located in the adipocyte membrane fraction. The oxidation of benzylamine and methylamine were similar and totally inhibited by semicarbazide or hydralazine but resistant to pargyline. Histamine was poorly oxidized. Benzylamine and methylamine dose-dependently stimulated glucose transport in intact adipocytes. This insulin-like effect of amines did not increase in the presence of 0.1 mM vanadate but was inhibited by semicarbazide and antioxidants. Benzylamine and methylamine also exhibited antilipolytic effects, with complete inhibition of lipolysis at 1 mM. These results show that fat cells from non-obese subjects express a membrane-bound SSAO which readily oxidizes exogenous amines, generates hydrogen peroxide and exerts short-term insulin-like actions on glucose and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Carpéné
- U317 INSERM, IFR 31, Bat. L3, CHU Rangueil, 31403 Toulouse, France.
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Visentin V, Prévot D, De Saint Front VD, Morin-Cussac N, Thalamas C, Galitzky J, Valet P, Zorzano A, Carpéné C. Alteration of amine oxidase activity in the adipose tissue of obese subjects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 12:547-55. [PMID: 15044673 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2004.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the activity of monoamine oxidases (MAOs) and semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidases (SSAOs) in adipose tissue and blood of lean and moderately obese subjects and to study whether there is a link between these hydrogen peroxide-generating enzymes and blood markers of oxidative stress. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES Nine obese male subjects (BMI 32.6 +/- 0.4 kg/m(2)) and nine controls (BMI 23.4 +/- 0.5) of 24- to 40-year-old subjects were included in the study. MAO and SSAO activities were measured on microbiopsies of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue by quantifying (14)C-tyramine and (14)C-benzylamine oxidation. Levels of soluble SSAO, lipid peroxidation products, and antioxidant agents were measured in plasma, whereas cytoprotective enzymes were determined in blood lysates. RESULTS The high MAO activity found in adipose tissue was diminished by one-half in obese subjects (maximum initial velocity of 1.2 vs. 2.3 nmol tyramine oxidized/mg protein/min). There was no change in SSAO activity, either under its adipose tissue-bound or plasma-soluble form. Plasma levels of lipid peroxidation products and antioxidant vitamins remained unmodified, as well as erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes, whereas circulating triglycerides, insulin, and leptin were increased. DISCUSSION Although they already exhibited several signs of endocrino-metabolic disorders, the obese men did not exhibit the increase in blood markers of oxidative stress or the decrease in antioxidant defenses reported to occur in very obese or diabetic subjects. The reduced MAO and the unchanged SSAO activities found in obesity suggest that these hydrogen peroxide-generating enzymes expressed in adipocytes are probably not involved in the onset of the oxidative stress found in severe obesity and/or in its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgile Visentin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Rangueil, Toulouse, France
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Abstract
Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidases (SSAO) are enzymes that are capable of deaminating primary amines to produce aldehyde, ammonia, and hydrogen peroxide. This activity has been associated with vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) and is found in the serum, endothelium, adipose, and smooth muscle of mammals. Circulating SSAO activity is increased in congestive heart failure, diabetes, and inflammatory liver diseases. To investigate the origin of circulating SSAO activity, two transgenic mouse models were created with full-length human VAP-1 (hVAP-1) expressed on either endothelial (mTIEhVAP-1) or adipose tissues (aP2hVAP-1), with tie-1 and adipocyte P2 promoters, respectively. Under normal conditions a circulating form of hVAP-1 was found at high levels in the serum of mice with endothelium-specific expression and at low levels in the serum of mice with adipose specific expression. The level of circulating hVAP-1 in the transgenic mice varied with gender, transgene zygosity, diabetes, and fasting. Serum SSAO activity was absent from VAP-1 knockout mice and endothelial cell-specific expression of human VAP-1 restored SSAO activity to the serum of VAP-1 knockout mice. Together, these experiments show that in the mouse VAP-1 is the only source of serum SSAO, that under physiological conditions vascular endothelial cells can be a major source of circulating VAP-1 protein and SSAO, and that serum VAP-1 can originate from both endothelial cells and adipocytes during experimental diabetes. An increased endothelial cell capacity for lymphocyte binding and altered expression of redox-sensitive proteins was also associated with the mTIEhVAP-1 transgene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig M Stolen
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku and National Public Health Institute, Tykistökatu 6A, FIN-20520, Turku, Finland.
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Olivé M, Unzeta M, Moreno D, Ferrer I. Overexpression of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase in human myopathies. Muscle Nerve 2004; 29:261-6. [PMID: 14755492 DOI: 10.1002/mus.10550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several muscle diseases. Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) metabolizes oxidative deamination of primary aromatic and aliphatic amines. In the oxidative reactions, amine substrates are converted into the aldehyde, followed by the production of ammonia and H(2)O(2). Although normal levels in muscle are very low, SSAO is expressed in almost all mammalian tissues. In this study, we examined the possible implication of SSAO as an additional source of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of muscle disorders. The expression of SSAO was examined immunohistochemically in muscle biopsy specimens from patients with inclusion-body myositis (IBM; n = 5), desmin-related myopathy (DRM; n = 3), dermatomyositis (n = 3), granulomatous (sarcoid) myopathy (n = 2), muscle denervation-reinnervation (n = 3), and rhabdomyolysis (n = 2), as well as from control subjects (n = 3). Strong SSAO immunoreactivity was present in vacuolated and nonvacuolated fibers in IBM, in abnormal fibers in DRM, and in degenerating and regenerating fibers in dermatomyositis and rhabdomyolysis. In addition, SSAO overexpression was observed in muscle fibers adjacent to granulomas in sarcoid myopathy. These results suggest that SSAO is a source of oxidative stress in diseased human skeletal muscle and that it contributes to oxidative stress-induced damage in various inflammatory and other myopathies. Alternatively, the expression of SSAO in muscle fibers may be a consequence of muscle fiber injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montse Olivé
- Institut de Neuropatologia, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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Yu PH, Wright S, Fan EH, Lun ZR, Gubisne-Harberle D. Physiological and pathological implications of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2003; 1647:193-9. [PMID: 12686132 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-9639(03)00101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) catalyzes the deamination of primary amines. Such deamination has been shown capable of regulating glucose transport in adipose cells. It has been independently discovered that the primary structure of vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is identical to SSAO. VAP-1 regulates leukocyte migration and is related to inflammation. Increased serum SSAO activities have been found in patients with diabetic mellitus, vascular disorders and Alzheimer's disease. The SSAO-catalyzed deamination of endogenous substrates, that is, methylamine and aminoacetone, led to production of toxic formaldehyde and methylglyoxal, hydrogen peroxide and ammonia, respectively. These highly reactive aldehydes have been shown to initiate protein cross-linkage, exacerbate advanced glycation of proteins and cause endothelial injury. Hydrogen peroxide contributes to oxidative stress. 14C-methylamine is converted to 14C-formaldehyde, which then forms labeled long-lasting protein adduct in rodents. Chronic methylamine treatment increased the excretion of malondialdehyde and microalbuminuria, and enhanced the formation of fatty streaks in C57BL/6 mice fed with an atherogenic diet. Treatment with selective SSAO inhibitor reduces atherogenesis in KKAy diabetic mice fed with high-cholesterol diet. Aminoguanidine, which blocks advanced glycation and reduces nephropathy in animals, is in fact more potent at inhibiting SSAO than its effect on glycation. It suggests that SSAO is involved in vascular disorders under certain pathological conditions. Although SSAO has been known for several decades, its physiological and pathological implications are just beginning to be recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H Yu
- Neuropsychiatry Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, A114 Medical Research Building, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5E4.
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O'Sullivan J, O'Sullivan M, Tipton KF, Unzeta M, Del Mar Hernandez M, Davey GP. The inhibition of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase by aminohexoses. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2003; 1647:367-71. [PMID: 12686159 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-9639(03)00096-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.6; amine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) (copper-containing); SSAO) is a multifunctional protein. It acts under inflammatory conditions as a vascular-adhesion protein (VAP-1), mediating the adhesion of lymphocytes to vascular endothelial cells. The relationships, if any, between this adhesion function and the enzymatic functions (amine-substrate specificity and catalysis) of SSAO have not yet been defined. Since cell surface amino sugars and their derivatives are known to be involved in cell-to-cell recognition, we have investigated their possible effects on the enzyme activity of SSAO. The aminohexoses galactosamine, glucosamine and mannosamine were not oxidatively deaminated by SSAO. However, their presence during the assay of benzylamine oxidation resulted in a time-dependent inhibition. This inhibition was shown to follow saturation kinetics with respect to hexosamine concentration. Although time-dependent, the inhibition of SSAO activity was found to be reversible by dilution. In contrast, there is no such inhibition when the N-acetylamino sugar derivatives or the parent sugars (galactose, glucose and mannose) replaced the amino sugars in the reaction mixture. These results suggest that the interactions between SSAO and aminohexoses are specific and, therefore, that the cell-adhesion functions and amine-recognition functions of VAP-1/SSAO may be interlinked.
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Mathys KC, Ponnampalam SN, Padival S, Nagaraj RH. Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase in aortic smooth muscle cells mediates synthesis of a methylglyoxal-AGE: implications for vascular complications in diabetes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 297:863-9. [PMID: 12359232 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)02293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) catalyzes formation of methylglyoxal (MG) from aminoacetone; MG then reacts with proteins to form advanced glycation end products or AGEs. Because of its potential to generate MG, SSAO may contribute to AGE-associated vascular complications of aging and diabetes. We developed a method to measure SSAO activity in bovine aortic smooth muscle cells (BASMC) based on the oxidation of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin by hydrogen peroxide and horseradish peroxidase. The SSAO activity was completely inhibited by 10 mM semicarbazide. Argpyrimidine is a readily detectable fluorescent product of the reaction between MG and arginine. Cell lysates incubated with aminoacetone formed argpyrimidine in a reaction that was inhibited by 20 mM semicarbazide. Immunostaining of tissue sections showed that aminoacetone-treated rats (normal as well as diabetic) formed more argpyrimidine in aortic smooth muscle than untreated controls. We believe that SSAO can enhance AGE synthesis in the macrovasculature of diabetic individuals by production of MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth C Mathys
- Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University and The Research Institute of University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106-5068, USA
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42
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Abstract
Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) is widely distributed in almost tissues. However, its presence in brain microvessels is still controversial. The affinity of SSAO towards benzylamine (Bz) is considerably higher than that of monoamine oxidase (MAO). SSAO plays a role in the toxicity of several environmental and endogenous amines. SSAO-mediated production of toxic aldehydes has been proposed to be related to pathophysiological conditions. The most potent of inhibition of SSAO in monkey brain was observed by tricyclic antidepressant drug imipramine, as compared to tetracyclic drug maprotiline or non-cyclic drug nomifensine. An endogenous SSAO modulator in rat brain cytosol after immobilization stress (IMMO) was found and that this inhibitor could be induced by IMMO. SSAO activity in rat brain might be regulated by the level of this inhibitor. Semicarbazide, a SSAO inhibitor, enhances the formation of .OH products of efflux/oxidation due to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+). The precise physiological functions of SSAO could play an important role in the control of energy balance in adipose tissue. SSAO could play an important role in the regulation of adipocyte homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Obata
- Department of Pharmacology, Oita Medical University, Hasama, Japan.
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43
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Moosavi-Nejad SZ, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Padiglia A, Floris G, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. Amine oxidase from lentil seedlings: energetic domains and effect of temperature on activity. JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 2001; 20:405-11. [PMID: 11732692 DOI: 10.1023/a:1012284821503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Copper/TPQ amine oxidases from mammalian and plant sources have shown many differences in substrate specificity and molecular properties. In this work the activity of lentil seedling amine oxidase was followed at various temperatures in 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7, using benzylamine as substrate. The discontinuous Arrhenius plot of lentil amine oxidase showed two distinct phases with a jump between them. Thermal denaturation of the enzyme, using differential scanning calorimetry under the same experimental conditions, showed a transition at the same temperature ranges in the absence of substrate, indicating the occurrence of conformational changes, with an enthalpy change of about 175.9 kJ/mole. The temperature-induced changes of the activity of lentil amine oxidase are compared with those of bovine serum amine oxidase (taken from the literature).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Z Moosavi-Nejad
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Iran.
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Tyihák E, Bocsi J, Timár F, Rácz G, Szende B. Formaldehyde promotes and inhibits the proliferation of cultured tumour and endothelial cells. Cell Prolif 2001; 34:135-41. [PMID: 11380483 PMCID: PMC6496578 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2184.2001.00206.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2000] [Accepted: 12/06/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Formaldehyde was applied in various doses (0.1-10.0 mM) to HT-29 human colon carcinoma and HUV-EC-C human endothelial cell cultures. Cell number, apoptotic and mitotic index as well as proportion of cells in S-phase was investigated by morphological methods and flow cytometry. Ten mM of formaldehyde caused high degree of cell damage and practically eradicated the cell cultures. One mM of formaldehyde enhanced apoptosis and reduced mitosis in both types of cell cultures, in a moderate manner. The low dose (0.1 mM) enhanced cell proliferation and decreased apoptotic activity of the cultured cells, the tumour cells appeared to be more sensitive. The possible role of this dose-dependent effect of formaldehyde in various pathological conditions, such as carcinogenesis and atherogenesis is discussed with emphasis on the eventual interaction between formaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tyihák
- Plant Protection Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Molecular Pathology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Yu PH, Davis BA, Deng Y. 2-Bromoethylamine as a potent selective suicide inhibitor for semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase. Biochem Pharmacol 2001; 61:741-8. [PMID: 11266660 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(01)00524-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) catalyzes the deamination of methylamine and aminoacetone to produce toxic aldehydes, i.e. formaldehyde and methylglyoxal, as well as hydrogen peroxide and ammonia. An increase of SSAO activity was detected by different laboratories in patients suffering from vascular disorders, i.e. diabetes and myocardial infarction. The enzyme has been suggested to play a role in vascular endothelial damage and atherogenesis. To date, there are no selective SSAO inhibitors. In the present study, 2-bromoethylamine (2-BrEA) was found to be a highly effective and selective inhibitor of SSAO obtained from different sources. The inhibition was irreversible and time dependent. It was competitive when the enzyme was not preincubated with the inhibitor, but became noncompetitive after incubation of the enzyme with 2-BrEA. The aldehyde trapping agent o-phenylenediamine was capable of preventing 2-BrEA-induced inhibition of SSAO activity. An aldehyde product was detected to be an initial product of 2-BrEA after it was incubated with SSAO. The inhibition, therefore, is mechanism-based. The SSAO inhibitory effects of eight structural analogues of 2-BrEA were assessed. It was concluded that a bromine atom at the beta position is quite important for exerting high potency of SSAO inhibition. The inhibition of SSAO activity by 2-BrEA was also demonstrated in vivo. It increased the urinary excretion of methylamine, an endogenous substrate for SSAO, in mice. 2-BrEA can be employed as a very useful tool in the investigation of SSAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Yu
- Neuropsychiatry Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5E4, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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46
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Abstract
The main etiology for mortality and a great percent of morbidity in patients with diabetes mellitus is atherosclerosis. A hypothesis for the initial lesion of atherosclerosis is endothelial dysfunction, defined pragmatically as changes in the concentration of the chemical messengers produced by the endothelial cell and/or by blunting of the nitric oxide-dependent vasodilatory response to acetylcholine or hyperemia. Endothelial dysfunction has been documented in patients with diabetes and in individuals with insulin resistance or at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes. Factors associated with endothelial dysfunction in diabetes include activation of protein kinase C, overexpression of growth factors and/or cytokines, and oxidative stress. Several therapeutic interventions have been tested in clinical trials aimed at improving endothelial function in patients with diabetes. Insulin sensitizers may have a beneficial effect in the short term, but the virtual absence of trials with cardiovascular end-points preclude any definitive conclusion. Two trials offer optimism that treatment with ACE inhibitors may have a positive impact on the progression of atherosclerosis. Although widely used, the effect of hypolipidemic agents on endothelial function in diabetes is not clear. The role of antioxidant therapy is controversial. No data have been published regarding the effects of hormonal replacement therapy on endothelial dysfunction in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Calles-Escandon
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington 05401, USA.
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Obata T, Yamanaka Y. Evidence for existence of immobilization stress-inducible semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase inhibitor in rat brain cytosol. Neurosci Lett 2000; 296:58-60. [PMID: 11099833 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(00)01565-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
An endogenous inhibitor of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) was separated by gel filtration from 105000xg supernate in rat brain cytosol following immobilization stress (IMMO). The molecular weight of this inhibitor was estimated to be 500-700 by gel filtration. This inhibitor was proved to be heat-stable resistant to protease treatment. These results suggest that this inhibitor is induced by IMMO. SSAO activity in rat brain might be regulated by the level of this inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Obata
- Department of Pharmacology, Oita Medical University, Hasama-machi, 879-5593, Oita, Japan.
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- F Buffoni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of, Florence, Italy
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49
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Yu PH, Deng Y. Potential cytotoxic effect of chronic administration of creatine, a nutrition supplement to augment athletic performance. Med Hypotheses 2000; 54:726-8. [PMID: 10859677 DOI: 10.1054/mehy.1999.0938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Creatine is alleged to be an ergogenic aid to enhance sports performance and recently became a popular sports nutrition supplement. Although short-term supplementation of creatine has not been associated with major health risks, the safety of prolonged use has caused some concern. The present study demonstrates that creatine is metabolized to methylamine, which is further converted to formaldehyde by semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO). Formaldehyde is well known to cross-link proteins and DNAs, and known to be a major environmental risk factor. SSAO-mediated production of toxic aldehydes has been recently proposed to be related to pathological conditions such as vascular damage, diabetic complications, nephropathy, etc. Chronic administration of a large quantity of creatine can increase the production of formaldehyde, which may potentially cause serious unwanted side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Yu
- Neuropsychiatry Research Unit, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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50
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Kalapos MP. Methylglyoxal in living organisms: chemistry, biochemistry, toxicology and biological implications. Toxicol Lett 1999; 110:145-75. [PMID: 10597025 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 380] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the growing interest towards methylglyoxal and glyoxalases their real role in metabolic network is still obscure. In the light of developments several reviews have been published in this field mainly dealing with only a narrow segment of this research area. In this article a trial is made to present a comprehensive overview of methylglyoxal research, extending discussion from chemistry to biological implications by reviewing some important characteristics of methylglyoxal metabolism and toxicity in a wide variety of species, and emphasizing the action of methylglyoxal on energy production, free radical generation and cell killing. Special attention is paid to the discussion of alpha-oxoaldehyde production in the environment as a potential risk factor and to the possible role of this a-dicarbonyl in diseases. Concerning the interaction of methylglyoxal with biological macromolecules (DNA, RNA, proteins) an earlier review (Kalapos, Toxicology Letters, 73, 1994, 3-24) means a supplementation to this paper, thus hoping the avoidance of unnecessary bombast. The paper arrives at the conclusion that since the early stage of evolution the function of methylglyoxalase pathway has been related to carbohydrate metabolism, but its significance has been changed over the thousands of years. Namely, at the beginning of evolution methylglyoxalase path was essential for the reductive citric acid cycle as an anaplerotic route, while in the extant metabolism it concerns with the detoxification of methylglyoxal and plays some regulatory role in triose-phosphate household. As there is a tight junction between methylglyoxal and carbohydrate metabolism its pathological role in the events of the development of diabetic complications emerges in a natural manner and further progress is hoped in this field. In contrast, significant advancement cannot be expected in relation to cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Kalapos
- Theoretical Biology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
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