1
|
Hemanth Babu A, Prasanth DSNBK, Yaraguppi DA, Panda SP, Ahmad SF, Al-Mazroua HA, Sai AR, Praveen Kumar P. Antiparkinson potential of khellin on rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease in a zebrafish model: targeting MAO, inflammatory, and oxidative stress markers with molecular docking, MD simulations, and histopathology evidence. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 284:109997. [PMID: 39103133 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the antiparkinson effect of khellin (KL) on rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) was examined in zebrafish. Initially, In silico evaluations, such as drug likeness and ADME/T analysis, confirmed the pharmacological viability of KL. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) analysis revealed stable binding interactions between KL and monamine oxidase B (MAO-B). Molecular docking results for KL and pioglitazone (CCl) revealed binding energies of -6.5 and -10.4 kcal/mol, respectively. Later, molecular dynamics (MD) studies were performed to assess the stability of these complexes, which yielded binding energies of -36.04 ± 55.21 and -56.2 ± 80.63 kJ/mol for KL and CCl, respectively. These results suggest that KL exhibits considerable binding affinity for MAO-B. In In vitro studies, according to the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, KL exhibited significant antioxidant effects, indicating that it can promote redox balance with an IC50 value of 22.68 ± 0.5 μg/ml. In vivo studies and evaluation of locomotor activity, social interaction, histopathology and biochemical parameters were conducted in KL-treated zebrafish to measure SOD and GSH antioxidant activity, the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA), the inflammatory marker myeloperoxidase (MPO) and MAO-B. However, while the locomotor and social interaction abilities of the rotenone-treated zebrafish were significantly reduced, KL treatment significantly improved locomotor activity (p < 0.001) and social interaction (p < 0.001). KL alleviated PD symptoms, as indicated by significant increases in SOD (p < 0.01), GSH (p < 0.001), MDA (p < 0.001), MAO-B (p < 0.001) and MPO (p < 0.001) in rotenone-induced PD fish (p<0.001) significantly reduced activities. Histopathological studies revealed that rotenone-induced brain hyperintensity and abnormal cellularity of the periventricular gray matter in the optic tectum were significantly reduced by KL treatment. This study provides a strong basis for developing KL as a new candidate for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, with the prospect of improved safety profiles and efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Hemanth Babu
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JNTUA, Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh 515721, India
| | - D S N B K Prasanth
- School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS), Polepally SEZ, TSIIC, Jadcherla, Mahbubnagar, Hyderabad 509301, India
| | - Deepak A Yaraguppi
- Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, Hubli, Karnataka 580031, India
| | - Siva Prasad Panda
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttarpradesh, India
| | - Sheikh F Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haneen A Al-Mazroua
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akula Ruchitha Sai
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JNTUA, Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh 515721, India
| | - P Praveen Kumar
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JNTUA, Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh 515721, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hung TY, Wu SN, Huang CW. Safinamide, an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase, modulates the magnitude, gating, and hysteresis of sodium ion current. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 25:17. [PMID: 38331833 PMCID: PMC10851555 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-024-00739-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Safinamide (SAF), an α-aminoamide derivative and a selective, reversible monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B inhibitor, has both dopaminergic and nondopaminergic (glutamatergic) properties. Several studies have explored the potential of SAF against various neurological disorders; however, to what extent SAF modulates the magnitude, gating, and voltage-dependent hysteresis [Hys(V)] of ionic currents remains unknown. METHODS With the aid of patch-clamp technology, we investigated the effects of SAF on voltage-gated sodium ion (NaV) channels in pituitary GH3 cells. RESULTS SAF concentration-dependently stimulated the transient (peak) and late (sustained) components of voltage-gated sodium ion current (INa) in pituitary GH3 cells. The conductance-voltage relationship of transient INa [INa(T)] was shifted to more negative potentials with the SAF presence; however, the steady-state inactivation curve of INa(T) was shifted in a rightward direction in its existence. SAF increased the decaying time constant of INa(T) induced by a train of depolarizing stimuli. Notably, subsequent addition of ranolazine or mirogabalin reversed the SAF-induced increase in the decaying time constant. SAF also increased the magnitude of window INa induced by an ascending ramp voltage Vramp. Furthermore, SAF enhanced the Hys(V) behavior of persistent INa induced by an upright isosceles-triangular Vramp. Single-channel cell-attached recordings indicated SAF effectively increased the open-state probability of NaV channels. Molecular docking revealed SAF interacts with both MAO and NaV channels. CONCLUSION SAF may interact directly with NaV channels in pituitary neuroendocrine cells, modulating membrane excitability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Te-Yu Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Nan Wu
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Wei Huang
- Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ayoup MS, Ammar A, Abdel-Hamid H, Amer A, Abu-Serie MM, Nasr SA, Ghareeb DA, Teleb M, Tageldin GN. Challenging the anticolorectal cancer capacity of quinoxaline-based scaffold via triazole ligation unveiled new efficient dual VEGFR-2/MAO-B inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107102. [PMID: 38211551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) are promoters of colorectal cancer (CRC) and central signaling nodes in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by activating hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). Herein, a novel series of rationally designed triazole-tethered quinoxalines were synthesized and evaluated against HCT-116 CRC cells. The tailored scaffolds combine the pharmacophoric themes of both VEGFR-2 inhibitors and MAO inhibitors. All the synthesized derivatives were screened utilizing the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for their possible cytotoxic effects on normal human colonocytes, then evaluated for their anticancer activities against HCT-116 cells overexpressing MAOs. The hit derivatives 11 and 14 exhibited IC50 = 18.04 and 7.850 µM, respectively, against HCT-116cells within their EC100 doses on normal human colonocytes. Wound healing assay revealed their efficient CRC antimetastatic activities recording HCT-116 cell migration inhibition exceeding 75 %. In vitro enzymatic assays demonstrated that both 11 and 14 efficiently inhibited VEGFR-2 (IC50 = 88.79 and 9.910 nM), MAO-A (IC50 = 0.763 and 629.1 nM) and MAO-B (IC50 = 0.488 and 209.6 nM) with observed MAO-B over MAO-A selectivity (SI = 1.546 and 3.001), respectively. Enzyme kinetics studies were performed for both compounds to identify their mode of MAO-B inhibition. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis showed that the hits efficiently downregulated HIF-1α in HCT-116cells by 3.420 and 16.96 folds relative to untreated cells. Docking studies simulated their possible binding modes within the active sites of VEGFR-2 and MAO-B to highlight their essential structural determinants of activities. Finally, they recorded in silico drug-like absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) profiles as well as ligand efficiency metrics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Salah Ayoup
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Alexandria 21321, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Ammar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
| | - Hamida Abdel-Hamid
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
| | - Adel Amer
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Alexandria 21321, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Marwa M Abu-Serie
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Egypt
| | - Samah A Nasr
- Bio-screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, 21511 Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Doaa A Ghareeb
- Bio-screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, 21511 Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Teleb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| | - Gina N Tageldin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu R, Liu Y, Zhang F, Dai S, Xue X, Peng C, Li Y, Li Y. Protective mechanism of Paeonol on central nervous system. Phytother Res 2024; 38:470-488. [PMID: 37872838 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular diseases involve neuronal damage, resulting in degenerative neuropathy and posing a serious threat to human health. The discovery of effective drug components from natural plants and the study of their mechanism are a research idea different from chemical synthetic medicines. Paeonol is the main active component of traditional Chinese medicine Paeonia lactiflora Pall. It widely exists in many medicinal plants and has pharmacological effects such as anti-atherosclerosis, antiplatelet aggregation, anti-oxidation, and anti-inflammatory, which keeps generally used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Based on the therapeutic effects of Paeonol for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, this article reviewed the pharmacological effects of Paeonol in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, epilepsy, diabetes encephalopathy, and other neurological diseases, providing a reference for the research of the mechanism of Paeonol in central nervous system diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhu X, Lv Y, Fan M, Guo J, Zhang Y, Gao B, Zhang C, Xie Y. Exploration of the novel phthalimide-hydroxypyridinone derivatives as multifunctional drug candidates against Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106817. [PMID: 37690318 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of phthalimide-hydroxypyridinone derivatives were rationally designed and evaluated as potential anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) agents. Bioactivity tests showed that all compounds displayed great iron ions-chelating activity (pFe3+ = 17.07-19.52), in addition to potent inhibition of human monoamine oxidase B (hMAO-B). Compound 11n emerged as the most effective anti-AD lead compound with a pFe3+ value of 18.51, along with selective hMAO-B inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.79 ± 0.05 μM, SI > 25.3). The results of cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that 11n showed extremely weak toxicity in PC12 cell line at 50 μM. Additionally, compound 11n displayed a cytoprotective effect against H2O2-induced oxidative damage. Moreover, compound 11n exhibited ideal blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability in the parallel artificial membrane permeation assay (PAMPA), and significantly improved scopolamine-induced cognitive and memory impairment in mice behavioral experiments. In conclusion, these favorable experimental results suggested compound 11n deserved further investigation as an anti-AD lead compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yangjing Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Miaoliang Fan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianan Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yujia Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Bianbian Gao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Changjun Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China.
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Berrino E, Carradori S, Carta F, Melfi F, Gallorini M, Poli G, Tuccinardi T, Fernández-Bolaños JG, López Ó, Petzer JP, Petzer A, Guglielmi P, Secci D, Supuran CT. A Multitarget Approach against Neuroinflammation: Alkyl Substituted Coumarins as Inhibitors of Enzymes Involved in Neurodegeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2044. [PMID: 38136164 PMCID: PMC10740956 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) include a large range of diseases characterized by neural dysfunction with a multifactorial etiology. The most common NDs are Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, in which cholinergic and dopaminergic systems are impaired, respectively. Despite different brain regions being affected, oxidative stress and inflammation were found to be common triggers in the pathogenesis and progression of both diseases. By taking advantage of a multi-target approach, in this work we explored alkyl substituted coumarins as neuroprotective agents, capable to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation by inhibiting enzymes involved in neurodegeneration, among which are Carbonic Anhydrases (CAs), Monoamine Oxidases (MAOs), and Cholinesterases (ChEs). The compounds were synthesized and profiled against the three targeted enzymes. The binding mode of the most promising compounds (7 and 9) within MAO-A and -B was analyzed through molecular modeling studies, providing and explanation for the different selectivities observed for the MAO isoforms. In vitro biological studies using LPS-stimulated rat astrocytes showed that some compounds were able to counteract the oxidative stress-induced neuroinflammation and hamper interleukin-6 secretion, confirming the success of this multitarget approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Berrino
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (P.G.); (D.S.)
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Florence, Italy; (F.C.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, ‘‘G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Florence, Italy; (F.C.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Francesco Melfi
- Department of Pharmacy, ‘‘G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Marialucia Gallorini
- Department of Pharmacy, ‘‘G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.P.); (T.T.)
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.P.); (T.T.)
| | - José G. Fernández-Bolaños
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1203, 41012 Seville, Spain; (J.G.F.-B.); (Ó.L.)
| | - Óscar López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1203, 41012 Seville, Spain; (J.G.F.-B.); (Ó.L.)
| | - Jacobus P. Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa; (J.P.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Anél Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa; (J.P.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Paolo Guglielmi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (P.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Daniela Secci
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (P.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Florence, Italy; (F.C.); (C.T.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Azevedo AR, Cordeiro P, Strelow DN, de Andrade KN, Neto MRS, Goetze Fiorot R, Brüning CA, Braga AL, Lião LM, Bortolatto CF, Neto JSS, Nascimento V. Green Approach for the Synthesis of Chalcogenyl- 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran Derivatives Through Allyl-phenols/ Naphthols and Their Potential as MAO-B Inhibitors. Chem Asian J 2023:e202300586. [PMID: 37733585 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the design, synthesis, and MAO-B inhibitor activity of a series of chalcogenyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans derivatives. Using solvent- and metal-free methodology, a series of chalcogen-containing dihydrobenzofurans 7-9 was obtained with yields ranging from 40% to 99%, using an I2 /DMSO catalytic system. All compounds were fully structurally characterized using 1 H and 13 C NMR analysis, and the unprecedented compounds were additionally analyzed using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). In addition, the mechanistic proposal that iodide is the most likely species to act in the transfer of protons along the reaction path was studied through theoretical calculations. Finally, the compounds 7b-e, 8a-e, and 9a showed great promise as inhibitors against MAO-B activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R Azevedo
- SupraSelen Laboratory, Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Institute of Chemistry, Campus do Valonguinho, 24020-141, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pâmella Cordeiro
- SupraSelen Laboratory, Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Institute of Chemistry, Campus do Valonguinho, 24020-141, RJ, Brazil
| | - Dianer N Strelow
- Molecular Biochemistry and Neuropharmacology Laboratory (LABIONEM), Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences Center (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas, 96010-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Karine N de Andrade
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal Fluminense Niterói, Outeiro São João Batista, s/n, 24020-141, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcos R S Neto
- LabSelen, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Goetze Fiorot
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal Fluminense Niterói, Outeiro São João Batista, s/n, 24020-141, RJ, Brazil
| | - César A Brüning
- Molecular Biochemistry and Neuropharmacology Laboratory (LABIONEM), Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences Center (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas, 96010-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Antonio L Braga
- LabSelen, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Luciano M Lião
- LabRMN, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás Goiânia, 74690-900, GO, Brazil
| | - Cristiani F Bortolatto
- Molecular Biochemistry and Neuropharmacology Laboratory (LABIONEM), Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences Center (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas, 96010-900, RS, Brazil
| | - José S S Neto
- LabRMN, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás Goiânia, 74690-900, GO, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Nascimento
- SupraSelen Laboratory, Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Institute of Chemistry, Campus do Valonguinho, 24020-141, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Singh A, Singh K, Kaur J, Kaur R, Sharma A, Kaur J, Kaur U, Chadha R, Bedi PMS. Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease and Diversity of 1,2,3-Triazole Scaffold in Drug Development: Design Strategies, Structural Insights, and Therapeutic Potential. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3291-3317. [PMID: 37683129 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a most prevalent form of dementia all around the globe and currently poses a significant challenge to the healthcare system. Currently available drugs only slow the progression of this disease rather than provide proper containment. Identification of multiple targets responsible for this disease in the last three decades established it as a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder that needs novel multifunctional agents for its management and the possible reason for the failure of currently available single target clinical drugs. 1,2,3-Triazole is a miraculous nucleus in medicinal chemistry and the first choice for development of multifunctional hybrid molecules. Apart from that, it is an integral component of various drugs in clinical trials as well as in clinical practice. This review is focused on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and 1,2,3-triazole containing derivatives developed in recent decades as potential anti-Alzheimer's agents. The review will provide (A) precise insight of various established targets of Alzheimer's disease including cholinergic, amyloid, tau, monoamine oxidases, glutamate, calcium, and reactive oxygen species hypothesis and (B) design hypothesis, structure-activity relationships, and pharmacological outcomes of 1,2,3-triazole containing multifunctional anti-Alzheimer's agents. This review will provide a baseline for various research groups working on Alzheimer's drug development in designing potent, safer, and effective multifunctional anti-Alzheimer's candidates of the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atamjit Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Karanvir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Jashandeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Ramanpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Aman Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Jasleen Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Uttam Kaur
- University School of Business, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab 140413, India
| | - Renu Chadha
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Preet Mohinder Singh Bedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
- Drug and Pollution Testing Laboratory, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ayeni EA, Ma C, Zhang YM, Fan WQ, Liao X. Chemical components and monoamine oxidase B inhibition activities from the tubers of Sauromatum giganteum (Engl.) Cusimano & Hett. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:2916-2923. [PMID: 36301745 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2137502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The rhizome tuber of Sauromatum giganteum is known as 'Bai Fuzi' in China and has been ethnomedicinally used to treat various neurological diseases. It is considered to possess anti-Parkinson's disease (PD) potential, but the active compounds responsible for that is still unclear. In this work, nineteen compounds were isolated and identified from rhizome tuber of this plant, among which four were firstly reported, i.e. berberine (1), nicotinamide (2), rutin (3) and 5-caffeoylquinic acid (4). Six compounds (1, 3, 4, 8, 14 and 15) exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against MAO-B with IC50 of 118.8, 45.6, 96.2, 65.8, 40.0, and 49.8 µM, and two compounds (3 and 4) displayed significant protective effect on 6-OHDA-induced PC-12 cell model. The molecular docking of the bioactive compounds and MAO-B was carried out to explore the binding mode. The findings revealed the potential of S. giganteum as anti-PD herb and its inclusion in TCM could be explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Ayodeji Ayeni
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Phytochemistry Laboratory, Tibet Plateau Institute of Biology, Lhasa, China
| | - Yong-Mei Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen-Qin Fan
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Liao
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Britto-Júnior J, Lima AT, Fuguhara V, Monica FZ, Antunes E, De Nucci G. Investigation on the positive chronotropic action of 6-nitrodopamine in the rat isolated atria. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:1279-1290. [PMID: 36719453 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02394-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
6-Nitrodopamine (6-ND) is released from rat isolated atria being 100 times more potent than noradrenaline and adrenaline, and 10,000 times more potent than dopamine as a positive chronotropic agent. The present study aimed to investigate the interactions of 6-ND with the classical catecholamines, phosphodiesterase (PDE)-3 and PDE4, and the protein kinase A in rat isolated atria. Atrial incubation with 1 pM of dopamine, noradrenaline, or adrenaline had no effect on atrial frequency. Similar results were observed when the atria were incubated with 0.01 pM of 6-ND. However, co-incubation of 6-ND (0.01 pM) with dopamine, noradrenaline, or adrenaline (1 pM each) resulted in significant increases in atrial rate, which persisted over 30 min after washout of the agonists. The increased atrial frequency induced by co-incubation of 6-ND with the catecholamines was significantly reduced by the voltage-gated sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin (1 µM, 30 min), indicating that the positive chronotropic effect of 6-ND is due in part to activation of nerve terminals. Pre-treatment of the animals with reserpine had no effect on the positive chronotropic effect induced by dopamine, noradrenaline, or adrenaline; however, reserpine markedly reduced the 6-ND (1 pM)-induced positive chronotropic effect. Incubation of the rat isolated atria with the protein kinase A inhibitor H-89 (1 µM, 30 min) abolished the increased atrial frequency induced by dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline, but only attenuated the increases induced by 6-ND. 6-ND induces catecholamine release from adrenergic terminals and increases atrial frequency independently of PKA activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Britto-Júnior
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária, 13083-887, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Tiago Lima
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária, 13083-887, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Fuguhara
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária, 13083-887, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Z Monica
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária, 13083-887, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Antunes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária, 13083-887, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilberto De Nucci
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária, 13083-887, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen R, Cui Y, Mak JCW. Novel treatments against airway inflammation in COPD based on drug repurposing. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2023; 98:225-247. [PMID: 37524488 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of death and reduces quality of life that contributes to a health problem worldwide. Chronic airway inflammation is a hallmark of COPD, which occurs in response to exposure of inhaled irritants like cigarette smoke. Despite accessible to the most up-to-date medications, none of the treatments is currently available to decrease the disease progression. Therefore, it is believed that drugs which can reduce airway inflammation will provide effective disease modifying therapy for COPD. There are many broad-range anti-inflammatory drugs including those that inhibit cell signaling pathways like inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), are now in phase III development for COPD. In this chapter, we review recent basic research data in the laboratory that may indicate novel therapeutic pathways arisen from currently used drugs such as selective monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B inhibitors and drugs targeting peripheral benzodiazepine receptors [also known as translocator protein (TSPO)] to reduce airway inflammation. Considering the impact of chronic airway inflammation on the lives of COPD patients, the potential pharmacological candidates for new anti-inflammatory targets should be further investigated. In addition, it is crucial to consider the phenotypes/molecular endotypes of COPD patients together with specific outcome measures to target novel therapies. This review will enhance our knowledge on how cigarette smoke affects MAO-B activity and TSPO activation/inactivation with specific ligands through regulation of mitochondrial function, and will help to identify new potential treatment for COPD in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China; Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Cui
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Judith C W Mak
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Okot DF, Namukobe J, Vudriko P, Anywar G, Heydenreich M, Omowumi OA, Byamukama R. In Vitro Anti-Venom Potentials of Aqueous Extract and Oils of Toona ciliata M. Roem against Cobra Venom and Chemical Constituents of Oils. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073089. [PMID: 37049851 PMCID: PMC10096364 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There are high mortality and morbidity rates from poisonous snakebites globally. Many medicinal plants are locally used for snakebite treatment in Uganda. This study aimed to determine the in vitro anti-venom activities of aqueous extract and oils of Toona ciliata against Naja melanoleuca venom. A mixture of venom and extract was administered intramuscularly in rats. Anticoagulant, antiphospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibition assay, and gel electrophoresis for anti-venom activities of oils were done. The chemical constituents of the oils of ciliata were identified using Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (GC-MS/MS). The LD50 of the venom was 0.168 ± 0.21 µg/g. The venom and aqueous extract mixture (1.25 µg/g and 3.5 mg/g) did not cause any rat mortality, while the control with venom only (1.25 µg/g) caused death in 1 h. The aqueous extract of T. ciliata inhibited the anticoagulation activity of N. melanoleuca venom from 18.58 min. to 4.83 min and reduced the hemolytic halo diameter from 24 to 22 mm. SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis showed that oils completely cleared venom proteins. GC-MS/MS analysis showed that the oils had sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (60%) in the volatile oil (VO) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (48.89%) in the non-volatile oils (NVO). Some major compounds reported for the first time in T. ciliata NVOs were: Rutamarin (52.55%), β-Himachalol (9.53%), Girinimbine (6.68%) and Oprea1 (6.24%). Most compounds in the VO were reported for the first time in T. ciliata, including the major ones Santalene (8.55%) and Himachal-7-ol (6.69%). The result showed that aqueous extract and oils of T. ciliata have anti-venom/procoagulant activities and completely neutralized the venom. We recommend a study on isolation and testing the pure compounds against the same venom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Fred Okot
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda
- Centre for Snakebites and Venom Research, Department of Chemistry, Gulu University, Gulu P.O. Box 166, Uganda
| | - Jane Namukobe
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Patrick Vudriko
- Research Centre for Tropical Diseases and Vector Control, Department of Veterinary Pharmacy, Clinics and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Godwin Anywar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology & Biotechnology, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Matthias Heydenreich
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Oyedeji Adebola Omowumi
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Private Bag X1, Mthatha 5099, South Africa
| | - Robert Byamukama
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Investigation of the monoamine oxidase inhibition properties of benzoxathiolone derivatives. Med Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-023-03042-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders such as depression and Parkinson’s disease represent significant challenges in healthcare. Enzymes that metabolise neurotransmitter amines are important drug targets for these disorders and inhibitors of these enzymes have played key roles as therapeutic agents. For example, inhibitors of monoamine oxidase (MAO) A have been used for decades as antidepressant agents and act by inhibiting the central metabolism of serotonin and noradrenaline, while MAO-B inhibitors conserve central dopamine supply and have been used to treat Parkinson’s disease. Literature reports that benzoxathiolone derivatives act as potent MAO inhibitors with specificity for the MAO-B isoform. To expand on these findings, the present study synthesised series of benzoxathiolone derivatives and investigated their human MAO inhibition properties. The results showed that the benzoxathiolone derivatives were potent MAO inhibitors, with the most potent compounds exhibiting IC50 values of 0.083 and 0.086 µM (4d and 5e) and 0.0069 and 0.0066 µM (3a and 3b) for MAO-A and MAO-B, respectively. Compounds 4d and 5e are significantly more potent MAO-A inhibitors compared to those reported previously. It may be concluded that benzoxathiolone derived compounds may act as future leads for the development of new treatments for depression and Parkinson’s disease.
Graphical Abstract
Collapse
|
14
|
Santana Maldonado CM, Kim DS, Purnell B, Li R, Buchanan GF, Smith J, Thedens DR, Gauger P, Rumbeiha WK. Acute hydrogen sulfide-induced neurochemical and morphological changes in the brainstem. Toxicology 2023; 485:153424. [PMID: 36610655 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxin affecting the cardiovascular, respiratory, and central nervous systems. Acute H2S exposure is associated with a high rate of mortality and morbidity. The precise pathophysiology of H2S-induced death is a controversial topic; however, inhibition of the respiratory center in the brainstem is commonly cited as a cause of death. There is a knowledge gap on toxicity and toxic mechanisms of acute H2S poisoning on the brainstem, a brain region responsible for regulating many reflective and vital functions. Serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) play a role in maintaining a normal stable respiratory rhythmicity. We hypothesized that the inhibitory respiratory effects of H2S poisoning are mediated by 5-HT in the respiratory center of the brainstem. Male C57BL/6 mice were exposed once to an LCt50 concentration of H2S (1000 ppm). Batches of surviving mice were euthanized at 5 min, 2 h, 12 h, 24 h, 72 h, and on day 7 post-exposure. Pulmonary function, vigilance state, and mortality were monitored during exposure. The brainstem was analyzed for DA, 3,4-dehydroxyphenyl acetic acid (DOPAC), 5-HT, 5-hydroxyindoleatic acid (5-HIAA), norepinephrine (NE), GABA, glutamate, and glycine using HPLC. Enzymatic activities of monoamine oxidases (MAO) were also measured in the brainstem using commercial kits. Neurodegeneration was assessed using immunohistochemistry and magnetic resonance imaging. Results showed that DA and DOPAC were significantly increased at 5 min post H2S exposure. However, by 2 h DA returned to normal. Activities of MAO were significantly increased at 5 min and 2 h post-exposure. In contrast, NE was significantly decreased at 5 min and 2 h post-exposure. Glutamate was overly sensitive to H2S-induced toxicity manifesting a time-dependent concentration reduction throughout the 7 day duration of the study. Remarkably, there were no changes in 5-HT, 5-HIAA, glycine, or GABA concentrations. Cytochrome c oxidase activity was inhibited but recovered by 24 h. Neurodegeneration was observed starting at 72 h post H2S exposure in select brainstem regions. We conclude that acute H2S exposure causes differential effects on brainstem neurotransmitters. H2S also induces neurodegeneration and biochemical changes in the brainstem. Additional work is needed to fully understand the implications of both the short- and long-term effects of acute H2S poisoning on vital functions regulated by the brainstem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Santana Maldonado
- Veterinary Diagnostic Production and Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
| | - Dong-Suk Kim
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Benton Purnell
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Gordon F Buchanan
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Jodi Smith
- Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
| | - Daniel R Thedens
- Seamans Center for the Engineering Arts and Sciences, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Phillip Gauger
- Veterinary Diagnostic Production and Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
| | - Wilson K Rumbeiha
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Data-Driven Approaches Used for Compound Library Design for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021134. [PMID: 36674652 PMCID: PMC9867512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in older individuals worldwide. Pharmacological treatment for such a disease consists of drugs such as monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors to increase dopamine concentration in the brain. However, such drugs have adverse reactions that limit their use for extended periods; thus, the design of less toxic and more efficient compounds may be explored. In this context, cheminformatics and computational chemistry have recently contributed to developing new drugs and the search for new therapeutic targets. Therefore, through a data-driven approach, we used cheminformatic tools to find and optimize novel compounds with pharmacological activity against MAO-B for treating PD. First, we retrieved from the literature 3316 original articles published between 2015-2021 that experimentally tested 215 natural compounds against PD. From such compounds, we built a pharmacological network that showed rosmarinic acid, chrysin, naringenin, and cordycepin as the most connected nodes of the network. From such compounds, we performed fingerprinting analysis and developed evolutionary libraries to obtain novel derived structures. We filtered these compounds through a docking test against MAO-B and obtained five derived compounds with higher affinity and lead likeness potential. Then we evaluated its antioxidant and pharmacokinetic potential through a docking analysis (NADPH oxidase and CYP450) and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK modeling). Interestingly, only one compound showed dual activity (antioxidant and MAO-B inhibitors) and pharmacokinetic potential to be considered a possible candidate for PD treatment and further experimental analysis.
Collapse
|
16
|
Edmondson DE. Purification of MAO A and MAO B from Mammalian Tissue Sources. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2558:1-10. [PMID: 36169851 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2643-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Procedures are described for the purification of the mitochondrial-bound enzymes human and bovine monoamine oxidases A and B (MAO A and B) from placental and liver tissue sources, respectively. Enzyme purification follows isolation of the mitochondria and preparation of outer membrane particles. The membrane-bound enzymes are solubilized by treatment of membranes with phospholipases and detergent extraction. Functional bovine MAO B is purified by polymer fractionation and differential centrifugation. Functional human MAO A is purified by ion-exchange DEAE-Sepharose chromatography.
Collapse
|
17
|
Inhibition of monoamine oxidase B reduces atherosclerosis and fatty liver in mice. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:17-30. [PMID: 36416117 PMCID: PMC9810528 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is vital for pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is an important source of oxidative stress in the vascular system and liver. However, the effect of MAO inhibition on atherosclerosis and NAFLD has not been explored. In the present study, MAO A and B expressions were increased in atherosclerotic plaques in human and apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-deficient mice. Inhibition of MAO B (by deprenyl), but not MAO A (by clorgyline), reduced the atheroma area in the thoracic aorta and aortic sinus in ApoE-deficient mice fed the cholesterol-enriched diet for 15 weeks. MAO B inhibition attenuated oxidative stress, expression of adhesion molecules, production of inflammatory cytokines, and macrophage infiltration in atherosclerotic plaques and decreased plasma triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations. MAO B inhibition had no therapeutic effect on restenosis in the femoral artery wire-induced injury model in C57BL/6 mice. In the NAFLD mouse model, MAO B inhibition reduced lipid droplet deposition in the liver and hepatic total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in C57BL/6 mice fed high-fat diets for 10 weeks. Key enzymes for triglyceride and cholesterol biosynthesis (fatty acid synthase and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, HMGCR) and inflammatory markers were inhibited, and cholesterol clearance was up-regulated (increased LDL receptor expression and reduced proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, PCSK9, expression) by MAO B inhibition in the liver. These results were also demonstrated in the HepG2 liver cell model. Our data suggest that MAO B inhibition is a potential and novel treatment for atherosclerosis and NAFLD.
Collapse
|
18
|
Phạm TL, Noh C, Neupane C, Sharma R, Shin HJ, Park KD, Lee CJ, Kim HW, Lee SY, Park JB. MAO-B Inhibitor, KDS2010, Alleviates Spinal Nerve Ligation-induced Neuropathic Pain in Rats Through Competitively Blocking the BDNF/TrkB/NR2B Signaling. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2022; 23:2092-2109. [PMID: 35940543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
MAO-B inhibitors have been implicated to reverse neuropathic pain behaviors. Our previous study has demonstrated that KDS2010 (KDS), a newly developed reversible MAO-B inhibitor, could attenuate Paclitaxel (PTX)-induced tactile hypersensitivity in mice through suppressing reactive oxidant species (ROS)-decreased inhibitory GABA synaptic transmission in the spinal cord. In this study, we evaluated the analgesic effect of KDS under a new approach, in which KDS acts on dorsal horn sensory neurons to reduce excitatory transmission. Oral administration of KDS effectively enhanced mechanical thresholds in the spinal nerve ligation (SNL) induced neuropathic pain in rats. Moreover, we discovered that although treatment with KDS increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, KDS inhibited Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptor activation, suppressing increased p-NR2B-induced hyperexcitability in spinal dorsal horn sensory neurons after nerve injury. In addition, KDS showed its anti-inflammatory effects by reducing microgliosis and astrogliosis and the activation of MAPK and NF-ᴋB inflammatory pathways in these glial cells. The levels of ROS production in the spinal cords after the SNL procedure were also decreased with KDS treatment. Taken together, our results suggest that KDS may represent a promising therapeutic option for treating neuropathic pain. PERSPECTIVE: Our study provides evidence suggesting the mechanisms by which KDS, a novel MAO-B inhibitor, can be effective in pain relief. KDS, by targeting multiple mechanisms involved in BDNF/TrkB/NR2B-related excitatory transmission and neuroinflammation, may represent the next future of pain medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thuỳ Linh Phạm
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; Department of Histo-Pathology, Hai Phong University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Hai Phong 042-12, Vietnam
| | - Chan Noh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiranjivi Neupane
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramesh Sharma
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Duk Park
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeong Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Bong Park
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dornburg A, Mallik R, Wang Z, Bernal MA, Thompson B, Bruford EA, Nebert DW, Vasiliou V, Yohe LR, Yoder JA, Townsend JP. Placing human gene families into their evolutionary context. Hum Genomics 2022; 16:56. [PMID: 36369063 PMCID: PMC9652883 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-022-00429-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the draft sequence of the first human genome over 20 years ago, we have achieved unprecedented insights into the rules governing its evolution, often with direct translational relevance to specific diseases. However, staggering sequence complexity has also challenged the development of a more comprehensive understanding of human genome biology. In this context, interspecific genomic studies between humans and other animals have played a critical role in our efforts to decode human gene families. In this review, we focus on how the rapid surge of genome sequencing of both model and non-model organisms now provides a broader comparative framework poised to empower novel discoveries. We begin with a general overview of how comparative approaches are essential for understanding gene family evolution in the human genome, followed by a discussion of analyses of gene expression. We show how homology can provide insights into the genes and gene families associated with immune response, cancer biology, vision, chemosensation, and metabolism, by revealing similarity in processes among distant species. We then explain methodological tools that provide critical advances and show the limitations of common approaches. We conclude with a discussion of how these investigations position us to gain fundamental insights into the evolution of gene families among living organisms in general. We hope that our review catalyzes additional excitement and research on the emerging field of comparative genomics, while aiding the placement of the human genome into its existentially evolutionary context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Dornburg
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, UNC-Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA.
| | - Rittika Mallik
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, UNC-Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Moisés A Bernal
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Brian Thompson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Elspeth A Bruford
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Daniel W Nebert
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, P.O. Box 670056, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Molecular Developmental Biology, Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Laurel R Yohe
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, UNC-Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Yoder
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Townsend
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, UNC-Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Edinoff AN, Swinford CR, Odisho AS, Burroughs CR, Stark CW, Raslan WA, Cornett EM, Kaye AM, Kaye AD. Clinically Relevant Drug Interactions with Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. Health Psychol Res 2022; 10:39576. [PMID: 36425231 PMCID: PMC9680847 DOI: 10.52965/001c.39576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) are a class of drugs that were originally developed for the treatment of depression but have since been expanded to be used in management of affective and neurological disorders, as well as stroke and aging-related neurocognitive changes. Ranging from irreversible to reversible and selective to non-selective, these drugs target the monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzyme and prevent the oxidative deamination of various monoamines and catecholamines such as serotonin and dopamine, respectively. Tyramine is a potent releaser of norepinephrine (NE) and is found in high concentrations in foods such as aged cheeses and meats. Under normal conditions, NE is unable to accumulate to toxic levels due to the presence of MAO-A, an enzyme that degrades neurotransmitters, including NE. When MAO-A is inhibited, the capacity to handle tyramine intake from the diet is significantly reduced causing the brain to be vulnerable to overstimulation of postsynaptic adrenergic receptors with as little as 8-10 mg of tyramine ingested and can result in life-threatening blood pressure elevations. In addition to adverse reactions with certain foods, both older and newer MAOIs can negatively interact with both sympathomimetic and serotonergic drugs. In general, patients on a MAOI want to avoid two types of medications: those that can elevate blood pressure via sympathomimetic actions (e.g., phenylephrine and oxymetazoline) and those that can increase serotonin levels via 5-HT reuptake inhibition (e.g., dextromethorphan, chlorpheniramine, and brompheniramine). Illicit drugs that stimulate the central nervous system such as ecstasy (MDMA, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) act as serotonin releasers. Patient involvement is also crucial to ensure any interaction within the healthcare setting includes making other providers aware of a MAOI prescription as well as avoiding certain OTC medications that can interact adversely with MAOIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber N Edinoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - Connor R Swinford
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center Shreveport
| | - Amira S Odisho
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center Shreveport
| | | | - Cain W Stark
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center Shreveport
| | | | - Elyse M Cornett
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center Shreveport
| | - Adam M Kaye
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific
| | - Alan D Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center Shreveport
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hitge R, Petzer A, Petzer JP. Isatoic anhydrides as novel inhibitors of monoamine oxidase. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 73:117030. [PMID: 36179486 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzymes metabolise neurotransmitter amines in the central and peripheral tissues, and thereby contribute to the regulation of neurotransmission. Inhibitors of MAO modulate the levels of neurotransmitters in the central nervous system, and have been used for several decades for the treatment of depression and Parkinson's disease, while potential new therapeutic applications in other diseases such as prostate cancer and heart failure may exist. In the interest of discovering new classes of chemical compounds that potently inhibit the MAOs, the present study synthesises a series of ten isatoic anhydrides and evaluates their potential as in vitro inhibitors of human MAO-A and MAO-B. The isatoic anhydrides bear structural similarity to a series of 3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinones as well as to series of isatins and phthalimides that have been reported to act as potent MAO-B inhibitors. The results document that the isatoic anhydrides inhibit both MAO isoforms with the most potent inhibitors exhibiting IC50 values of 0.010 µM (1b and 1h) and 0.0047 µM (1j) for MAO-A and MAO-B, respectively. Molecular docking suggests that isatoic anhydrides exhibit similar binding modes and interactions with MAO-A and MAO-B, which may explain their potent inhibition of both isoforms. It may be concluded that the isatoic anhydrides represent a new class of MAO inhibitors, while it is interesting to note that very few studies on the pharmacological actions of isatoic anhydrides have been reported. As a secondary aim, the isatoic anhydrides were also evaluated as potential inhibitors of d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rialette Hitge
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Anél Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Jacobus P Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rendić SP, Crouch RD, Guengerich FP. Roles of selected non-P450 human oxidoreductase enzymes in protective and toxic effects of chemicals: review and compilation of reactions. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:2145-2246. [PMID: 35648190 PMCID: PMC9159052 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03304-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This is an overview of the metabolic reactions of drugs, natural products, physiological compounds, and other (general) chemicals catalyzed by flavin monooxygenase (FMO), monoamine oxidase (MAO), NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase (NQO), and molybdenum hydroxylase enzymes (aldehyde oxidase (AOX) and xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR)), including roles as substrates, inducers, and inhibitors of the enzymes. The metabolism and bioactivation of selected examples of each group (i.e., drugs, "general chemicals," natural products, and physiological compounds) are discussed. We identified a higher fraction of bioactivation reactions for FMO enzymes compared to other enzymes, predominately involving drugs and general chemicals. With MAO enzymes, physiological compounds predominate as substrates, and some products lead to unwanted side effects or illness. AOX and XOR enzymes are molybdenum hydroxylases that catalyze the oxidation of various heteroaromatic rings and aldehydes and the reduction of a number of different functional groups. While neither of these two enzymes contributes substantially to the metabolism of currently marketed drugs, AOX has become a frequently encountered route of metabolism among drug discovery programs in the past 10-15 years. XOR has even less of a role in the metabolism of clinical drugs and preclinical drug candidates than AOX, likely due to narrower substrate specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel D Crouch
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN, 37204, USA
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232-0146, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Guglielmi P, Carradori S, D'Agostino I, Campestre C, Petzer JP. An updated patent review on monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2022; 32:849-883. [PMID: 35638744 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2022.2083501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION : Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors are currently used as antidepressants (selective MAO-A inhibitors) or as co-adjuvants for neurodegenerative diseases (selective MAO-B inhibitors). The research within this field is attracting attention due to their crucial role in the modulation of brain functions, mood and cognitive activity, and monoamine catabolism. AREAS COVERED MAO inhibitors (2018-2021) are discussed according to their chemotypes. Structure-activity relationships are derived for each chemical scaffold (propargylamines, chalcones, indoles, benzimidazoles, (iso)coumarins, (iso)benzofurans, xanthones, and tetralones), while the chemical entities were divided into newly synthesized molecules and natural metabolites. The mechanism of action and type of inhibition are also considered. Lastly, new therapeutic applications are reported, which demonstrates the clinical potential of these inhibitors as well as the possibility of repurposing existing drugs for a variety of diseases. EXPERT OPINION MAO inhibitors here reported exhibit different potencies (from the micro- to nanomolar range) and isoform selectivity. These compounds are clinically licensed for multi-faceted neurodegenerative pathologies due to their ability to also act against other relevant targets (cholinesterases, inflammation, and oxidative stress). Moreover, the drug repurposing approach is an attractive strategy by which MAO inhibitors may be applied for the treatment of prostate cancer, inflammation, vertigo, and type 1 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Guglielmi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ilaria D'Agostino
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristina Campestre
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Jacobus P Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells have developed complex systems to regulate the production and response to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Different ROS control diverse aspects of cell behaviour from signalling to death, and deregulation of ROS production and ROS limitation pathways are common features of cancer cells. ROS also function to modulate the tumour environment, affecting the various stromal cells that provide metabolic support, a blood supply and immune responses to the tumour. Although it is clear that ROS play important roles during tumorigenesis, it has been difficult to reliably predict the effect of ROS modulating therapies. We now understand that the responses to ROS are highly complex and dependent on multiple factors, including the types, levels, localization and persistence of ROS, as well as the origin, environment and stage of the tumours themselves. This increasing understanding of the complexity of ROS in malignancies will be key to unlocking the potential of ROS-targeting therapies for cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhu Z, Wu S, Wang Y, Wang J, Zhang Y. Reveal the Antimigraine Mechanism of Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Cyperi Rhizoma Based on the Integrated Analysis of Metabolomics and Network Pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:805984. [PMID: 35401159 PMCID: PMC8987590 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.805984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a common neurological disorder that manifests as recurrent attacks of unilateral and throbbing headache. Conioselinum anthriscoides “Chuanxiong” (Apiaceae; Chuanxiong rhizoma) and Cyperus rotundus L. (Cyperaceae; Cyperi rhizoma) (CRCR), is a classic prescription for treating migraine. This study aimed to reveal the potential mechanisms of CRCR extract against migraine using integrated analysis of metabolomics and network pharmacology. Behavioral changes in the nitroglycerin rat migraine model were determined from von Frey withdrawal response. Untargeted serum metabolomics was used to identify the differentially expressed metabolites and metabolic pathways. The differentially expressed metabolites were analyzed to obtain the corresponding targets by a compound–reaction–enzyme–gene network. Network pharmacology was used to construct a compound–target–pathway network. The common targets of metabolomics and network pharmacology were further analyzed. Metabolomics analysis identified 96 differentially expressed metabolites and 77 corresponding targets. Network pharmacology analysis identified 201 potential targets for CRCR against migraine. By intersecting 77 targets with 201 targets, monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) were identified as the common targets, and MAO-A, MAO-B, and COMT were involved in the tyrosine metabolism pathway. Further experiments demonstrated that the contents of MAO-A and COMT were significantly increased in serum and brainstem tissue of the migraine rats. CRCR extract significantly decreased the contents of MAO-A and COMT, while no significant difference was found in MAO-B. Metabolomics analysis indicated that the contents of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate (DOPAC) and 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate (HPP) were significantly increased in the migraine rats, and CRCR extract caused significant decreases in DOPAC and HPP. Interestingly, DOPAC and HPP were two differentially expressed metabolites involved in the tyrosine metabolism pathway. Correlation analysis showed that DOPAC and HPP were highly positively correlated with MAO-A and COMT. Taken together, two key differentially expressed metabolites (DOPAC and HPP), two key targets (MAO-A and COMT), and one relevant metabolic pathway (tyrosine metabolism) showed great importance in the treatment of migraine. This research could provide a new understanding of the potential mechanism of CRCR against migraine. More attentions should be paid into the tyrosine metabolism pathway in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyao Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sha Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Sha Wu,
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ekström F, Gottinger A, Forsgren N, Catto M, Iacovino LG, Pisani L, Binda C. Dual Reversible Coumarin Inhibitors Mutually Bound to Monoamine Oxidase B and Acetylcholinesterase Crystal Structures. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:499-506. [PMID: 35300078 PMCID: PMC8919507 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
![]()
Multitarget directed
ligands (MTDLs) represent a promising frontier
in tackling the complexity of multifactorial pathologies. The synergistic
inhibition of monoamine oxidase B (MAO B) and acetylcholinesterase
(AChE) is believed to provide a potentiated effect in the treatment
of Alzheimer’s disease. Among previously reported micromolar
or sub-micromolar coumarin-bearing dual inhibitors, compound 1 returned a tight-binding inhibition of MAO B (Ki = 4.5 μM) and a +5.5 °C
increase in the enzyme Tm value. Indeed,
the X-ray crystal structure revealed that binding of 1 produces unforeseen conformational changes at the MAO B entrance
cavity. Interestingly, 1 showed great shape complementarity
with the AChE enzymatic gorge, being deeply buried from the catalytic
anionic subsite (CAS) to the peripheral anionic subsite (PAS) and
causing significant structural changes in the active site. These findings
provide structural templates for further development of dual MAO B
and AChE inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Ekström
- Swedish Defence Research Agency, CBRN Defence and Security, Umeå 901 82, Sweden
| | - Andrea Gottinger
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Nina Forsgren
- Swedish Defence Research Agency, CBRN Defence and Security, Umeå 901 82, Sweden
| | - Marco Catto
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Luca G. Iacovino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Leonardo Pisani
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Binda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Al-Madhagy SA, Gad SS, Mostafa ES, Angeloni S, Saad MA, Sabry OM, Caprioli G, El-Hawary SS. A new arsenal of polyphenols to make Parkinson's disease extinct: HPLC-MS/MS profiling, very interesting MAO-B inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity of Otostegia fruticosa. Nat Prod Res 2022; 36:6075-6080. [PMID: 35192373 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2044811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fifteen compounds belong to phenolic acids, derivatives of phenolic acids, iridoids, xanthones and flavonoids were characterized in the methanolic extract of Otostegia fruticosa leaves using HPLC-MS/MS. Extract has been also investigated for its MAO-B inhibitory activity, antioxidant activity, total phenolic and total flavonoid content. The extract exhibited interesting MAO-B inhibitory activity (IC50; 2.24 ± 0.08) compared to the reference compound selegiline (0.55 ± 0.02 µg/mL). It also showed a potent antioxidant activity proven in both DPPH and ORAC assay methods. The extract showed an IC50 of 3.64 ± 1.22 µg/mL in the DPPH test which was significantly lower than that of the standard ascorbic acid which attained an IC50 of 18.3 ± 1.41 µg/mL. Moreover, in the oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay (ORAC) the extract showed a decline in the IC50 to 3.48 ± 1.16 µg/mL as compared to the standard Trolox which exhibited an IC50 of 27.0 ± 13.41.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somaia A Al-Madhagy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Sameh S Gad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman S Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Simone Angeloni
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.,RICH - Research and Innovation Coffee Hub, Belforte del Chienti, MC, Italy
| | - Muhammed A Saad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Omar M Sabry
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Seham S El-Hawary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gu X, Zhang G, Qin Z, Yin M, Chen W, Zhang Y, Liu X. Safinamide protects against amyloid β (Aβ)-induced oxidative stress and cellular senescence in M17 neuronal cells. Bioengineered 2022; 13:1921-1930. [PMID: 35001806 PMCID: PMC8805854 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2022262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is pathologically related to oxidative stress and cellular senescence. Safinamide is one of the clinically prescribed monoamine oxidase B (MAOB) inhibitors. It has been reported to possess therapeutic potential in neurological disorders. However, the therapeutic potential of safinamide in AD is still under investigation. In this study, we explored the effect of safinamide in amyloid (Aβ)1–42 oligomers-stimulated M17 neuronal cells. We established the in vitro model with M17 cells by treating them with 1 μM Aβ1-42 oligomers with or without safinamide (100 or 200 nM). The results show that safinamide ameliorated Aβ1-42 oligomers-induced oxidative stress in M17 cells as revealed by the decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and reduced glutathione (GSH) content. Safinamide treatment significantly ameliorated senescence-associated-β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal)-positive cells and telomerase activity. Further, we show that safinamide treatment resulted in decreased mRNA and protein expressions of p21 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Moreover, silencing of Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) abolished the effects of safinamide on the mRNA levels of p21 and PAI-1, as well as SA-β-gal-positive cells in Aβ1-42 oligomers-induced M17 cells. In conclusion, we reveal that safinamide exerted a protective function on M17 cells from Aβ1-42 oligomers induction-caused oxidative stress and cellular senescence through SIRT1 signaling. These present results provide meaningful evidence that safinamide may be medically developed for the prevention and therapy of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xunhu Gu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Jiangxi Province Mental Hospital, Nanchang City, China
| | - Zhengfang Qin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, China
| | - Min Yin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, China
| | - Weiping Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, China
| | - Yangbo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Myburg T, Petzer A, Petzer JP. The inhibition of monoamine oxidase by harmine derivatives. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
30
|
Putnins EE, Goebeler V, Ostadkarampour M. Monoamine Oxidase-B Inhibitor Reduction in Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Mediated by Inhibition of cAMP-PKA/EPAC Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:741460. [PMID: 34867348 PMCID: PMC8635787 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.741460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal epithelial cell integrity is an important component of innate immunity and it protects the host from an environment rich in microorganisms. Virulence factors from Gram-negative bacteria [e.g. lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] induce significant pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors reduce cytokine expression in a variety of inflammatory models and may therefore have therapeutic potential for a number of inflammatory diseases. We tested the anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential of a recently developed reversible MAO-B inhibitor (RG0216) with reduced transport across the blood–brain barrier. In an epithelial cell culture model, RG0216 significantly decreased LPS-induced interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β gene and protein expression and was as effective as equimolar concentrations of deprenyl (an existing irreversible MAO-B inhibitor). Hydrogen peroxide and modulating dopamine receptor signaling had no effect on cytokine expression. We showed that LPS-induced expression of IL-6 and IL-1β was cAMP dependent, that IL-6 and IL-1β expression were induced by direct cAMP activation (forskolin) and that RG0216 and deprenyl effectively reduced cAMP-mediated cytokine expression. Targeted protein kinase A (PKA) and Exchange Protein Activated by cAMP (EPAC) activation regulated IL-6 and IL-1β expression, albeit in different ways, but both cytokines were effectively decreased with RG0216. RG0216 reduction of LPS-induced cytokine expression occurred by acting downstream of the cAMP-PKA/EPAC signaling cascade. This represents a novel mechanism by which MAO-B selective inhibitors regulate LPS-induced IL-6 and IL-1β expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward E Putnins
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Verena Goebeler
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mahyar Ostadkarampour
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cannon Homaei S, Barone H, Kleppe R, Betari N, Reif A, Haavik J. ADHD symptoms in neurometabolic diseases: Underlying mechanisms and clinical implications. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:838-856. [PMID: 34774900 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurometabolic diseases (NMDs) are typically caused by genetic abnormalities affecting enzyme functions, which in turn interfere with normal development and activity of the nervous system. Although the individual disorders are rare, NMDs are collectively relatively common and often lead to lifelong difficulties and high societal costs. Neuropsychiatric manifestations, including ADHD symptoms, are prominent in many NMDs, also when the primary biochemical defect originates in cells and tissues outside the nervous system. ADHD symptoms have been described in phenylketonuria, tyrosinemias, alkaptonuria, succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency, X-linked ichthyosis, maple syrup urine disease, and several mitochondrial disorders, but are probably present in many other NMDs and may pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Here we review current literature linking NMDs with ADHD symptoms. We cite emerging evidence that many NMDs converge on common neurochemical mechanisms that interfere with monoamine neurotransmitter synthesis, transport, metabolism, or receptor functions, mechanisms that are also considered central in ADHD pathophysiology and treatment. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic implications of these findings and propose a path forward to increase our understanding of these relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selina Cannon Homaei
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway; Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway.
| | - Helene Barone
- Regional Resource Center for Autism, ADHD, Tourette Syndrome and Narcolepsy, Western Norway, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway.
| | - Rune Kleppe
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Maritime and Diving Medicine, Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway.
| | - Nibal Betari
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway.
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Jan Haavik
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway; Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Research progress in pharmacological activities and structure-activity relationships of tetralone scaffolds as pharmacophore and fluorescent skeleton. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 227:113964. [PMID: 34743062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The tetralone and tetralone derivatives, as crucial structural scaffolds of potential novel drugs targeted at multiple biological end-points, are normally found in several natural compounds and also, it can be used as parental scaffold and/or intermediate for the synthesis of a series of pharmacologically active compounds with a broad-spectrum of bioactivities including antibacterial, antitumor, CNS effect and so on. Meanwhile, SAR information of its analogues has drawn attentions among medicinal chemists, which could contribute to the further research related to tetralone derivatives aimed at multiple targets. This review encompasses pharmacological activities, SAR analysis and docking study of tetralone and its derivatives, expecting to provide a general retrospect and prospect on tetralone derivatives.
Collapse
|
33
|
El-Halaby LO, El-Husseiny WM, El-Messery SM, Goda FE. Biphenylpiperazine Based MAO Inhibitors: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, Reversibility and Molecular Modeling Studies. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105216. [PMID: 34352710 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, 21 new 1,4-biphenylpiperazine derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated as monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors by in vitro fluorometric method. All these compounds exhibited inhibitory activity against hMAO enzymes, 17 analogues of them showed selectivity towards hMAO-B over hMAO-A enzyme. Compound 20 exhibited the best activity and selectivity towards hMAO-B with IC50 value of 53 nM and selectivity index of 1122 folds over MAO-A, compared to the reference drugs rasagiline (IC50 = 66 nM) and selegiline (IC50 = 40 nM). Kinetic study and reversibility test of the most potent compound (20) revealed that it is reversible and mixed competitive inhibitor (Ki value is 17 nM for the inhibition of hMAO-B). Compound 20 was evaluated against normal NIH/3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cell lines and it was found that it is non-cytotoxic at its effective concentration against hMAO-B. Moreover, compound 20 and the most potent compounds have acceptable ADME properties and good pharmacokinetics profiles. Molecular docking simulations were performed for explanation and elucidation for the biological activity of compounds 19 and 20. Accordingly, 1,4- biphenylpiperazine derivatives can be considered as a promising lead to produce more potent and safer MAO inhibitors for management of various neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lamiaa O El-Halaby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, P.O. Box 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Walaa M El-Husseiny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, P.O. Box 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Shahenda M El-Messery
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, P.O. Box 35516, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Fatma E Goda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, P.O. Box 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu N, Sun S, Wang P, Sun Y, Hu Q, Wang X. The Mechanism of Secretion and Metabolism of Gut-Derived 5-Hydroxytryptamine. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157931. [PMID: 34360695 PMCID: PMC8347425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin, also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is a metabolite of tryptophan and is reported to modulate the development and neurogenesis of the enteric nervous system, gut motility, secretion, inflammation, sensation, and epithelial development. Approximately 95% of 5-HT in the body is synthesized and secreted by enterochromaffin (EC) cells, the most common type of neuroendocrine cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, through sensing signals from the intestinal lumen and the circulatory system. Gut microbiota, nutrients, and hormones are the main factors that play a vital role in regulating 5-HT secretion by EC cells. Apart from being an important neurotransmitter and a paracrine signaling molecule in the gut, gut-derived 5-HT was also shown to exert other biological functions (in autism and depression) far beyond the gut. Moreover, studies conducted on the regulation of 5-HT in the immune system demonstrated that 5-HT exerts anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory effects on the gut by binding to different receptors under intestinal inflammatory conditions. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms through which 5-HT participates in cell metabolism and physiology can provide potential therapeutic strategies for treating intestinal diseases. Herein, we review recent evidence to recapitulate the mechanisms of synthesis, secretion, regulation, and biofunction of 5-HT to improve the nutrition and health of humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.W.); (Y.S.); (Q.H.)
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shiqiang Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713ZG Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713ZG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pengjie Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.W.); (Y.S.); (Q.H.)
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.W.); (Y.S.); (Q.H.)
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingjuan Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.W.); (Y.S.); (Q.H.)
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6273-8589
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Besada P, Viña D, Costas T, Costas-Lago MC, Vila N, Torres-Terán I, Sturlese M, Moro S, Terán C. Pyridazinones containing dithiocarbamoyl moieties as a new class of selective MAO-B inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105203. [PMID: 34371375 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A novel class of potential MAO-B inhibitors was designed and synthesized in good yield by combining the pyridazinone moiety with the dithiocarbamate framework, two relevant pharmacophores for drug discovery. The biological results obtained for the different pyridazinone/dithiocarbamate hybrids (compounds 8-14) indicated that most of them reversibly and selectively inhibit the hMAO-B in vitro with IC50 values in the µM range and exhibit not significant cellular toxicity. The analogues 9a1, 11a1, 12a2, 12b1 and 12b2, which present the dithiocarbamate fragment derivatized with a piperidin-1-yl or pyrrolidin-1-yl group and placed at C3 or C4 of the diazine ring, were the most attractive compounds of these series. Molecular modeling studies were performed to analyze the binding mode to the enzyme and the structure activity relationships of the titled compounds, as well as to predict their drug-like properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Besada
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Química Orgánica, 36310 Vigo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, 36213 Vigo, Spain
| | - Dolores Viña
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS) Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tamara Costas
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Química Orgánica, 36310 Vigo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, 36213 Vigo, Spain
| | - María Carmen Costas-Lago
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Química Orgánica, 36310 Vigo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, 36213 Vigo, Spain
| | - Noemí Vila
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Química Orgánica, 36310 Vigo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, 36213 Vigo, Spain
| | - Iria Torres-Terán
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS) Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mattia Sturlese
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Moro
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Carmen Terán
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Química Orgánica, 36310 Vigo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, 36213 Vigo, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Iacovino LG, Pinzi L, Facchetti G, Bortolini B, Christodoulou MS, Binda C, Rastelli G, Rimoldi I, Passarella D, Di Paolo ML, Dalla Via L. Promising Non-cytotoxic Monosubstituted Chalcones to Target Monoamine Oxidase-B. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1151-1158. [PMID: 34262643 PMCID: PMC8274062 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A library of monosubstituted chalcones (1-17) bearing electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups on both aromatic rings were selected. The cell viability on human tumor cell lines was evaluated first. The compounds unable to induce detectable cytotoxicity (1, 13, and 14) were tested using the monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity assay. Interestingly, they inhibit MAO-B, acting as competitive inhibitors, with 13 and 14 showing the best profiles. In particular, 13 exhibited a potency higher than that of safinamide, taken as a reference. Docking studies and crystallographic analysis showed that in human MAO-B 13 binds with the halogen-substituted aromatic ring in the entrance cavity, similar to safinamide, whereas 14 is accommodated in the opposite way. The main conclusion of this cell biology, biochemistry, and structural study is to highlights 13 as a chalcone derivative that is worth consideration for the development of novel MAO-B-selective inhibitors for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca G. Iacovino
- Dipartimento
di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università
di Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Luca Pinzi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze della Vita, Università
degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Giorgio Facchetti
- DISFARM,
Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Beatrice Bortolini
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università
degli Studi di Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Michael S. Christodoulou
- DISFARM,
Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Claudia Binda
- Dipartimento
di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università
di Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Giulio Rastelli
- Dipartimento
di Scienze della Vita, Università
degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Isabella Rimoldi
- DISFARM,
Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Daniele Passarella
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Di Paolo
- Dipartimento
di Medicina Molecolare, Università
degli Studi di Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Lisa Dalla Via
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università
degli Studi di Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hawkey AB, Hoeng J, Peitsch MC, Levin ED, Koshibu K. Subchronic effects of plant alkaloids on anxiety-like behavior in zebrafish. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 207:173223. [PMID: 34197843 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish provide a valuable emerging complementary model for neurobehavioral research. They offer a powerful way to screen for the potential therapeutic effects of neuroactive drugs. A variety of behavioral tests for zebrafish have been developed and validated for assessing neurobehavioral function. The novel tank diving test is a straightforward, reproducible way of measuring anxiety-like behavior in zebrafish. When introduced into a novel tank, zebrafish normally dive to the bottom of the tank and then gradually explore the higher levels of the water column as time progresses. Buspirone is an effective anxiolytic drug in humans, which has been found, with acute administration, to reduce this anxiety-like response in zebrafish. The current study used the zebrafish model to evaluate the potential anxiolytic effects of alkaloids, commonly found in Solanaceae plants, with known neuropharmacology relevant to mood regulation. In line with previous findings, acute treatment with anxiolytic positive controls buspirone and the plant alkaloid nicotine reduced the anxiety-like diving response in the zebrafish novel tank diving test. Further, both buspirone and nicotine continued to produce anxiolytic-like effects in zebrafish after 5 days of exposure. In the same treatment paradigm, the effects of five other alkaloids-cotinine, anatabine, anabasine, harmane, and norharmane-were investigated. Cotinine, the major metabolite of nicotine, also caused anxiolytic-like effects, albeit at a dose higher than the effective dose of nicotine. Nicotine's anxiolytic-like effect was not shared by the other nicotinic alkaloids, anabasine and anatabine, or by the naturally present monoamine oxidase inhibitors harmane and norharmane. We conclude that nicotine uniquely induces anxiolytic-like effects after acute and subchronic treatment in zebrafish. The zebrafish model with the novel tank diving test could be a useful complement to rodent models for screening candidate compounds for anxiolytic effects in nonclinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Hawkey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Edward D Levin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Kyoko Koshibu
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhang C, Lv Y, Bai R, Xie Y. Structural exploration of multifunctional monoamine oxidase B inhibitors as potential drug candidates against Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Chem 2021; 114:105070. [PMID: 34126574 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AD is one of the most typical neurodegenerative disorders that suffer many seniors worldwide. Recently, MAO inhibitors have received increasing attention not only for their roles involved in monoamine neurotransmitters metabolism and oxidative stress but also for their additional neuroprotective and neurorescue effects against AD. The curiosity in MAO inhibitors is reviving, and novel MAO-B inhibitors recently developed with ancillary activities (e.g., Aβ aggregation and AChE inhibition, anti-ROS and chelating activities) have been proposed as multitarget drugs foreshadowing a positive outlook for the treatment of AD. The current review describes the recent development of the design, synthesis, and screening of multifunctional ligands based on MAO-B inhibition for AD therapy. Structure-activity relationships and rational design strategies of the synthetic or natural product derivatives (chalcones, coumarins, chromones, and homoisoflavonoids) are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceutical, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yangjing Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Renren Bai
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, PR China.
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceutical, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China; College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Carraro Junior LR, Alves AG, Rech TDST, Campos Júnior JC, Siqueira GM, Cunico W, Brüning CA, Bortolatto CF. Three -(pyridin-2-yl)-2-(pyridin-2-ylimino)thiazolidin-4-one as a novel inhibitor of cerebral MAO-B activity with antioxidant properties and low toxicity potential. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22833. [PMID: 34047428 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Some brain diseases are associated with oxidative stress and altered monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and neuroprotective actions through MAO inhibition of 3-(pyridin-2-yl)-2-(pyridine-2-ylimino) thiazolidin-4-one (PPIT, a synthetic molecule containing a thiazolidinone nucleus), as well as its effects on toxicity parameters in Swiss female mice. Five in vitro assays were carried out to verify the PPIT antioxidant capacity: protein carbonylation (PC), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH), ferric ion (Fe3+ ) reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity. The results showed that PPIT reduced the level of PC in the homogenate of the brain. This compound did not demonstrate SOD mimetic activity, but it acted as a free radical scavenger (ABTS and DPPH) and exhibited reducing activity in the FRAP assay. In addition, the effects of PPIT on cerebral MAO activity (MAO-A and B isoforms) were investigated in vitro. Our data revealed inhibition of the MAO-B activity by PPIT with no effects on MAO-A. Lastly, an acute oral toxicity test was conducted in mice. No changes in food intake, body weight, and biochemical markers of kidney and liver damage were detected in mice treated with a high dose of PPIT (300 mg/kg). In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that PPIT exhibits antioxidant activity and selectively inhibits the MAO-B isoform without causing apparent toxicity. These findings suggest PPIT as a potential therapeutic candidate to be tested in preclinical models of brain diseases involving perturbations of MAO-B activity and redox status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Roberto Carraro Junior
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção (PPGBBio), Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Amália Gonçalves Alves
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção (PPGBBio), Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Taís da Silva Teixeira Rech
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção (PPGBBio), Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - José Coan Campos Júnior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção (PPGBBio), Laboratório de Química Aplicada a Bioativos (LaQuiABio), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Geonir Machado Siqueira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção (PPGBBio), Laboratório de Química Aplicada a Bioativos (LaQuiABio), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Wilson Cunico
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção (PPGBBio), Laboratório de Química Aplicada a Bioativos (LaQuiABio), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - César Augusto Brüning
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção (PPGBBio), Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Cristiani Folharini Bortolatto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção (PPGBBio), Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Jaka O, Iturria I, van der Toorn M, Hurtado de Mendoza J, Latino DARS, Alzualde A, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J, Koshibu K. Effects of Natural Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors on Anxiety-Like Behavior in Zebrafish. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:669370. [PMID: 34079463 PMCID: PMC8165606 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.669370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases (MAO) are a valuable class of mitochondrial enzymes with a critical role in neuromodulation. In this study, we investigated the effect of natural MAO inhibitors on novel environment-induced anxiety by using the zebrafish novel tank test (NTT). Because zebrafish spend more time at the bottom of the tank when they are anxious, anxiolytic compounds increase the time zebrafish spend at the top of the tank and vice versa. Using this paradigm, we found that harmane, norharmane, and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (TIQ) induce anxiolytic-like effects in zebrafish, causing them to spend more time at the top of the test tank and less time at the bottom. 2,3,6-trimethyl-1,4-naphtoquinone (TMN) induced an interesting mix of both anxiolytic- and anxiogenic-like effects during the first and second halves of the test, respectively. TIQ was unique in having no observable effect on general movement. Similarly, a reference MAO inhibitor clorgyline—but not pargyline—increased the time spent at the top in a concentration-dependent manner. We also demonstrated that the brain bioavailability of these compounds are high based on the ex vivo bioavailability assay and in silico prediction models, which support the notion that the observed effects on anxiety-like behavior in zebrafish were most likely due to the direct effect of these compounds in the brain. This study is the first investigation to demonstrate the anxiolytic-like effects of MAO inhibitors on novel environment-induced anxiety in zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oihane Jaka
- Biobide, Gipuzkoa Scientific and Technological Park, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Iñaki Iturria
- Biobide, Gipuzkoa Scientific and Technological Park, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Marco van der Toorn
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Diogo A R S Latino
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ainhoa Alzualde
- Biobide, Gipuzkoa Scientific and Technological Park, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Kyoko Koshibu
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Concu R, González-Durruthy M, Cordeiro MNDS. Developing a Multi-target Model to Predict the Activity of Monoamine Oxidase A and B Drugs. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:1593-1600. [PMID: 32493193 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200603121224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are compounds largely used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease and other neuropsychiatric disorders since they are closely related to the MAO enzymes activity. The two isoforms of the MAO enzymes, MAO-A and MAO-B, are responsible for the degradation of monoamine neurotransmitters and due to this, relevant efforts have been devoted to finding new compounds with more selectivity and less side effects. One of the most used approaches is based on the use of computational approaches since they are time and money-saving and may allow us to find a more relevant structure-activity relationship. OBJECTIVE In this manuscript, we will review the most relevant computational approaches aimed at the prediction and development of new MAO inhibitors. Subsequently, we will also introduce a new multitask model aimed at predicting MAO-A and MAO-B inhibitors. METHODS The QSAR multi-task model herein developed was based on the use of the linear discriminant analysis. This model was developed gathering 5,759 compounds from the public dataset Chembl. The molecular descriptors used was calculated using the Dragon software. Classical statistical tests were performed to check the validity and robustness of the model. RESULTS The herein proposed model is able to correctly classify all the 5,759 compounds. All the statistical performed tests indicated that this model is robust and reproducible. CONCLUSION MAOIs are compounds of large interest since they are largely used in the treatment of very serious illness. These inhibitors may lose efficacy and produce severe side effects. Due to this, the development of selective MAO-A or MAO-B inhibitors is crucial for the treatment of these diseases and their effects. The herein proposed multi-target QSAR model may be a relevant tool in the development of new and more selective MAO inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Concu
- LAQV@REQUIMTE/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Michael González-Durruthy
- LAQV@REQUIMTE/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Natália D S Cordeiro
- LAQV@REQUIMTE/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ostadkarampour M, Putnins EE. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors: A Review of Their Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutic Potential and Mechanisms of Action. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:676239. [PMID: 33995107 PMCID: PMC8120032 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.676239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases are debilitating, affect patients' quality of life, and are a significant financial burden on health care. Inflammation is regulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that are expressed by immune and non-immune cells, and their expression is highly controlled, both spatially and temporally. Their dysregulation is a hallmark of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Significant evidence supports that monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor drugs have anti-inflammatory effects. MAO inhibitors are principally prescribed for the management of a variety of central nervous system (CNS)-associated diseases such as depression, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's; however, they also have anti-inflammatory effects in the CNS and a variety of non-CNS tissues. To bolster support for their development as anti-inflammatories, it is critical to elucidate their mechanism(s) of action. MAO inhibitors decrease the generation of end products such as hydrogen peroxide, aldehyde, and ammonium. They also inhibit biogenic amine degradation, and this increases cellular and pericellular catecholamines in a variety of immune and some non-immune cells. This decrease in end product metabolites and increase in catecholamines can play a significant role in the anti-inflammatory effects of MAO inhibitors. This review examines MAO inhibitor effects on inflammation in a variety of in vitro and in vivo CNS and non-CNS disease models, as well as their anti-inflammatory mechanism(s) of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahyar Ostadkarampour
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Edward E Putnins
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chaurasiya ND, Liu H, Doerksen RJ, Nanayakkara NPD, Walker LA, Tekwani BL. Enantioselective Interactions of Anti-Infective 8-Aminoquinoline Therapeutics with Human Monoamine Oxidases A and B. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050398. [PMID: 33922294 PMCID: PMC8146505 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
8-Aminoquinolines (8-AQs) are an important class of anti-infective therapeutics. The monoamine oxidases (MAOs) play a key role in metabolism of 8-AQs. A major role for MAO-A in metabolism of primaquine (PQ), the prototypical 8-AQ antimalarial, has been demonstrated. These investigations were further extended to characterize the enantioselective interactions of PQ and NPC1161 (8-[(4-amino-1-methylbutyl) amino]-5-[3, 4-dichlorophenoxy]-6-methoxy-4-methylquinoline) with human MAO-A and -B. NPC1161B, the (R)-(−) enantiomer with outstanding potential for malaria radical cure, treatment of visceral leishmaniasis and pneumocystis pneumonia infections is poised for clinical development. PQ showed moderate inhibition of human MAO-A and -B. Racemic PQ and (R)-(−)-PQ both showed marginally greater (1.2- and 1.6-fold, respectively) inhibition of MAO-A as compared to MAO-B. However, (S)-(+)-PQ showed a reverse selectivity with greater inhibition of MAO-B than MAO-A. Racemic NPC1161 was a strong inhibitor of MAOs with 3.7-fold selectivity against MAO-B compared to MAO-A. The (S)-(+) enantiomer (NPC1161A) was a better inhibitor of MAO-A and -B compared to the (R)-(−) enantiomer (NPC1161B), with more than 10-fold selectivity for inhibition of MAO-B over MAO-A. The enantioselective interaction of NPC1161 and strong binding of NPC1161A with MAO-B was further confirmed by enzyme-inhibitor binding and computational docking analyses. Differential interactions of PQ and NPC1161 enantiomers with human MAOs may contribute to the enantioselective pharmacodynamics and toxicity of anti-infective 8-AQs therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narayan D. Chaurasiya
- Division of Drug Discovery, Department of Infectious Diseases, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
- Correspondence: (N.D.C.); (B.L.T.); Tel.: +11-205-581-2026 (N.D.C.); +1-1-205-581-2205 (B.L.T.)
| | - Haining Liu
- Department of Bio-Molecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (H.L.); (R.J.D.)
| | - Robert J. Doerksen
- Department of Bio-Molecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (H.L.); (R.J.D.)
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (N.P.D.N.); (L.A.W.)
| | - N. P. Dhammika Nanayakkara
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (N.P.D.N.); (L.A.W.)
| | - Larry A. Walker
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (N.P.D.N.); (L.A.W.)
| | - Babu L. Tekwani
- Division of Drug Discovery, Department of Infectious Diseases, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
- Correspondence: (N.D.C.); (B.L.T.); Tel.: +11-205-581-2026 (N.D.C.); +1-1-205-581-2205 (B.L.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Collins JF. Copper nutrition and biochemistry and human (patho)physiology. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2021; 96:311-364. [PMID: 34112357 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The essential trace mineral copper plays important roles in human physiology and pathophysiology. Disruption of copper homeostasis may underlie the development of ischemic heart disease, and connective tissue and neurodegenerative disorders. Copper also likely participates in the host response to bacterial infection and is further implicated more broadly in regulating immunity. Recent studies further associate copper with disruption of lipid homeostasis, as is frequently seen in, for example, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Moreover, continuing investigation of copper chaperones has revealed new roles for these intracellular copper-binding proteins. Despite these (and many other) significant advances, many questions related to copper biology remain unanswered. For example, what are the most sensitive and specific biomarkers of copper status, and which ones are useful in marginal (or "sub-clinical" copper deficiency)? Further research on this topic is required to inform future investigations of copper metabolism in humans (so the copper status of study participants can be fully appreciated). Also, are current recommendations for copper intake adequate? Recent studies suggest that overt copper deficiency is more common than once thought, and further, some have suggested that the copper RDAs for adults may be too low. Additional human balance and interventional studies are necessary and could provide the impetus for reconsidering the copper RDAs in the future. These and myriad other unresolved aspects of copper nutrition will undoubtedly be the focus of future investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James F Collins
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Durmaz Çelik N, Ger Akarsu F, Ozkan S, Özdemir AÖ, Aykac Ö, Memmedova F. Herbal teas can be harmful: a case of Peganum harmala induced coma in a patient with Parkinson's disease. Neurocase 2021; 27:117-119. [PMID: 33730972 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2021.1876092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazlı Durmaz Çelik
- Department of Neurology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey,
| | - Fatma Ger Akarsu
- Department of Neurology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey,
| | - Serhat Ozkan
- Department of Neurology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey,
| | - Atilla Özcan Özdemir
- Department of Neurology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey,
| | - Özlem Aykac
- Department of Neurology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey,
| | - Fergane Memmedova
- Department of Neurology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey,
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mentis AFA, Dardiotis E, Katsouni E, Chrousos GP. From warrior genes to translational solutions: novel insights into monoamine oxidases (MAOs) and aggression. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:130. [PMID: 33602896 PMCID: PMC7892552 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01257-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The pervasive and frequently devastating nature of aggressive behavior calls for a collective effort to understand its psychosocial and neurobiological underpinnings. Regarding the latter, diverse brain areas, neural networks, neurotransmitters, hormones, and candidate genes have been associated with antisocial and aggressive behavior in humans and animals. This review focuses on the role of monoamine oxidases (MAOs) and the genes coding for them, in the modulation of aggression. During the past 20 years, a substantial number of studies using both pharmacological and genetic approaches have linked the MAO system with aggressive and impulsive behaviors in healthy and clinical populations, including the recent discovery of MAALIN, a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) regulating the MAO-A gene in the human brain. Here, we first provide an overview of the MAOs and their physiological functions, we then summarize recent key findings linking MAO-related enzymatic and gene activity and aggressive behavior, and, finally, we offer novel insights into the mechanisms underlying this association. Using the existing experimental evidence as a foundation, we discuss the translational implications of these findings in clinical practice and highlight what we believe are outstanding conceptual and methodological questions in the field. Ultimately, we propose that unraveling the specific role of MAO in aggression requires an integrated approach, where this question is pursued by combining psychological, radiological, and genetic/genomic assessments. The translational benefits of such an approach include the discovery of novel biomarkers of aggression and targeting the MAO system to modulate pathological aggression in clinical populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexios-Fotios A Mentis
- Public Health Laboratories, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Vas. Sofias Avenue 127, 115 21, Athens, Greece
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, University of Thessaly, Panepistimiou 3, Viopolis, 41 500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Eleni Katsouni
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - George P Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Livadias 8, 115 27, Athens, Greece.
- UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Mesiti F, Maruca A, Silva V, Rocca R, Fernandes C, Remião F, Uriarte E, Alcaro S, Gaspar A, Borges F. 4-Oxoquinolines and monoamine oxidase: When tautomerism matters. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 213:113183. [PMID: 33493825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
4-Oxoquinoline derivatives have been often used in drug discovery programs due to their pharmacological properties. Inspired on chromone and 4-oxoquinoline chemical structure similarity, a small series of quinoline-based compounds was obtained and screened, for the first time, toward human monoamine oxidases isoforms. The data showed the N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide 10 was the most potent and selective MAO-B inhibitor (IC50 = 5.30 ± 0.74 nM and SI: ≥1887). The data analysis showed that prototropic tautomerism markedly influences the biological activity. The unequivocal characterisation of the quinoline tautomers was performed to understand the attained data. To our knowledge, there have been no prior reports on the characterisation of quinolone tautomers by 2D NMR techniques, namely by 1H-15N HSQC and 1H-15N HMBC, which are proposed as expedite tools for medicinal chemistry campaigns. Computational studies on enzyme-ligand complexes, obtained after MM-GBSA calculations and molecular dynamics simulations, supported the experimental data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mesiti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Salute, Università"Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science Srl, Spin-off Accademico, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; CIQUP, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Annalisa Maruca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Salute, Università"Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science Srl, Spin-off Accademico, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vera Silva
- CIQUP, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, 4169-007, Portugal; UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Do Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Roberta Rocca
- Net4Science Srl, Spin-off Accademico, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università"Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carlos Fernandes
- CIQUP, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Fernando Remião
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Do Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eugenio Uriarte
- Departamento Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, España, Spain; Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, 7500912, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Salute, Università"Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science Srl, Spin-off Accademico, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Alexandra Gaspar
- CIQUP, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, 4169-007, Portugal.
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, 4169-007, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Duarte P, Cuadrado A, León R. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors: From Classic to New Clinical Approaches. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 264:229-259. [PMID: 32852645 DOI: 10.1007/164_2020_384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are involved in the oxidative deamination of different amines and neurotransmitters. This pointed them as potential targets for several disorders and along the last 70 years a wide variety of MAO inhibitors have been developed as successful drugs for the treatment of complex diseases, being the first drugs approved for depression in the late 1950s. The discovery of two MAO isozymes (MAO-A and B) with different substrate selectivity and tissue expression patterns led to novel therapeutic approaches and to the development of new classes of inhibitors, such as selective irreversible and reversible MAO-B inhibitors and reversible MAO-A inhibitors. Significantly, MAO-B inhibitors constitute a widely studied group of compounds, some of them approved for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Further applications are under development for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and cardiovascular diseases, among others. This review summarizes the most important aspects regarding the development and clinical use of MAO inhibitors, going through mechanistic and structural details, new indications, and future perspectives. Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) catalyze the oxidative deamination of different amines and neurotransmitters. The two different isozymes, MAO-A and MAO-B, are located at the outer mitochondrial membrane in different tissues. The enzymatic reaction involves formation of the corresponding aldehyde and releasing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ammonia or a substituted amine depending on the substrate. MAO's role in neurotransmitter metabolism made them targets for major depression and Parkinson's disease, among other neurodegenerative diseases. Currently, these compounds are being studied for other diseases such as cardiovascular ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Duarte
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Departmento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols' UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael León
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientÚficas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Costa GP, Dias ÍFC, Fronza MG, Besckow EM, Fetter J, Nascimento JER, Jacob RG, Savegnago L, Bortolatto CF, Brüning CA, Alves D. Synthesis of 2′-(1,2,3-triazoyl)-acetophenones: molecular docking and inhibition of in vitro monoamine oxidase activity. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04735j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 2′-(1,2,3-triazoyl)-acetophenones by a CuAAC using thiourea as a ligand, molecular docking and MAO activity analyses were performed.
Collapse
|
50
|
Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of khellactone coumarin derivatives isolated from Peucedanum japonicum Thurnberg. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21695. [PMID: 33303801 PMCID: PMC7730441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78782-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholinesterase (ChE) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors have been attracted as candidate treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Fifteen khellactone-type coumarins from the roots of Peucedanum japonicum Thunberg were tested for acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and MAO inhibitory activities. Compound 3′-angeloyl-4′-(2-methylbutyryl)khellactone (PJ13) most potently inhibited AChE (IC50 = 9.28 µM), followed by 3′-isovaleryl-4′-(2-methylbutyroyl)khellactone (PJ15) (IC50 = 10.0 μM). Compound senecioyl-4′-angeloyl-khellactone (PJ5) most potently inhibited BChE (IC50 = 7.22 μM) and had the highest selectivity index (> 5.54), followed by 3′-senecioyl-4′-(2-methylbutyryl)khellactone (PJ10) and 3′,4′-disenecioylkhellactone (PJ4) (IC50 = 10.2 and 10.7 μM, respectively). Compounds PJ13, PJ15, and PJ5 showed reversible and mixed-types of inhibition with Ki values of 5.98, 10.4 (for AChE), and 4.16 µM (for BChE), respectively. However, all 15 compounds weakly inhibited MAO-A and MAO-B. Molecular docking simulation revealed that PJ13 had a higher binding affinity (− 9.3 kcal/mol) with AChE than PJ15 (− 7.8 kcal/mol) or PJ5 (− 5.4 kcal/mol), due to the formation of a hydrogen bond with Tyr121 (distance: 2.52 Å). On the other hand, the binding affinity of PJ5 (− 10.0 kcal/mol) with BChE was higher than for PJ13 (− 7.7 kcal/mol) or PJ15 (− 8.1 kcal/mol), due to the formation of a hydrogen bond with Ser198 (distance: 2.05 Å). These results suggest that PJ13 and PJ5 are potential reversible selective inhibitors of AChE and BChE, respectively, for the treatment of AD.
Collapse
|