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Wei H, Wang X, Zhong H, Kong X, Zhu J, Li B. Artesunate improves learning and memory impairment in rats with vascular cognitive impairment by down-regulating the level of autophagy in cerebral cortex neurons. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33068. [PMID: 38948049 PMCID: PMC11211894 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is the second leading cause of dementia. Cognitive impairment is a common consequence of VCI. However, there is no effective treatment for VCI and the underlying mechanism of its pathogenesis remains unclear. This study to investigate whether artesunate (ART) can improve the learning and memory function in rats with VCI by down-regulating he level of autophagy in cerebral cortex neurons. Methods The models for VCI were the rat bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BACCO), which were randomized into three groups including the sham operation group (Sham), model + vehicle group (Model) and model + ART group (ART). Then the animal behaviors were recorded, as well as staining the results of cortical neurons. Western blot was performed to determine the protein expressions of LC3BⅡ/Ⅰ, p-AMPK, p-mTOR, and Beclin-1. Results Behavioral outcomes and the protein expressions in Model group were supposedly affected by the induction of autophagy in cerebral cortex neurons. Compared to the Model group, ART improved memory impairment in VCI rats. And the expression of LC3BⅡ/Ⅰ, p-AMPK/AMPK, Beclin-1 is significant decreased in the ART group, while significant increases of p-mTOR/mTOR were showed. These results suggest that ART improved learning and memory impairment in VCI rats by down-regulating the level of autophagy in cerebral cortex neurons. Conclusion The results suggest that autophagy occurs in cerebral cortex neurons in rats with VCI. It is speculated that ART can improve learning and memory impairment in VCI rats by down-regulating the level of autophagy in cerebral cortex neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honqiao Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530022, China
| | - Xiaokun Wang
- Research Center for Clinical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Hequan Zhong
- Research Center for Clinical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Xiangyu Kong
- Research Center for Clinical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Bing Li
- Research Center for Clinical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
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Pei J, Ding Z, Jiao C, Tao Y, Yang H, Li J. Autophagy in chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyps. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1417735. [PMID: 38933334 PMCID: PMC11199408 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1417735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Basic research on chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has advanced significantly in the past two decades, yet a comprehensive understanding of its pathogenic mechanisms remains elusive. Concurrently, there is a growing interest among scientists in exploring the involvement of autophagy in various human diseases, including tumors and inflammatory conditions. While the role of autophagy in asthma has been extensively studied in airway inflammatory diseases, its significance in CRS with or without nasal polyps (NPs), a condition closely linked to asthma pathophysiology, has also garnered attention, albeit with conflicting findings across studies. This review delves into the role of autophagy in CRS, suggesting that modulating autophagy to regulate inflammatory responses could potentially serve as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pei
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaoran Ding
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Jiao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Tao
- Department of Blood Purification Center, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huifen Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Gong J, Williams DM, Scholes S, Assaad S, Bu F, Hayat S, Zaninotto P, Steptoe A. Unraveling the role of plasma proteins in dementia: insights from two cohort studies in the UK, with causal evidence from Mendelian randomization. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.06.04.24308415. [PMID: 38883777 PMCID: PMC11177911 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.04.24308415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Population-based proteomics offer a groundbreaking avenue to predict dementia onset. This study employed a proteome-wide, data-driven approach to investigate protein-dementia associations in 229 incident all-cause dementia (ACD) among 3,249 participants from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) over a median 9.8-year follow-up, then validated in 1,506 incident ACD among 52,745 individuals from the UK Biobank (UKB) over median 13.7 years. NEFL and RPS6KB1 were robustly associated with incident ACD; MMP12 was associated with vascular dementia in ELSA. Additional markers EDA2R and KIM1 (HAVCR1) were identified from sensitivity analyses. Combining NEFL and RPS6KB1 with other factors yielded high predictive accuracy (area under the curve (AUC)=0.871) for incident ACD. Replication in the UKB confirmed associations between identified proteins with various dementia subtypes. Results from reverse Mendelian Randomization also supported the role of several proteins as early dementia biomarkers. These findings underscore proteomics' potential in identifying novel risk screening targets for dementia.
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhang J, Peng Q, Wang X, Xiao X, Shi K. Nanotherapeutics targeting autophagy regulation for improved cancer therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:2447-2474. [PMID: 38828133 PMCID: PMC11143539 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The clinical efficacy of current cancer therapies falls short, and there is a pressing demand to integrate new targets with conventional therapies. Autophagy, a highly conserved self-degradation process, has received considerable attention as an emerging therapeutic target for cancer. With the rapid development of nanomedicine, nanomaterials have been widely utilized in cancer therapy due to their unrivaled delivery performance. Hence, considering the potential benefits of integrating autophagy and nanotechnology in cancer therapy, we outline the latest advances in autophagy-based nanotherapeutics. Based on a brief background related to autophagy and nanotherapeutics and their impact on tumor progression, the feasibility of autophagy-based nanotherapeutics for cancer treatment is demonstrated. Further, emerging nanotherapeutics developed to modulate autophagy are reviewed from the perspective of cell signaling pathways, including modulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, autophagy-related (ATG) and its complex expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitophagy, interference with autophagosome-lysosome fusion, and inhibition of hypoxia-mediated autophagy. In addition, combination therapies in which nano-autophagy modulation is combined with chemotherapy, phototherapy, and immunotherapy are also described. Finally, the prospects and challenges of autophagy-based nanotherapeutics for efficient cancer treatment are envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmeng Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jincheng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qikai Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xingdong Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiyue Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Kai Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Shao Y, Zheng L, Jiang Y. Cadmium toxicity and autophagy: a review. Biometals 2024; 37:609-629. [PMID: 38277035 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00581-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an important environmental pollutant that poses a threat to human health and represents a critical component of air pollutants, food sources, and cigarette smoke. Cd is a known carcinogen and has toxic effects on the environment and various organs in humans. Heavy metals within an organism are difficult to biodegrade, and those that enter the respiratory tract are difficult to remove. Autophagy is a key mechanism for counteracting extracellular (microorganisms and foreign bodies) or intracellular (damaged organelles and proteins that cannot be degraded by the proteasome) stress and represents a self-protective mechanism for eukaryotes against heavy metal toxicity. Autophagy maintains cellular homeostasis by isolating and gathering information about foreign chemicals associated with other molecular events. However, autophagy may trigger cell death under certain pathological conditions, including cancer. Autophagy dysfunction is one of the main mechanisms underlying Cd-induced cytotoxicity. In this review, the toxic effects of Cd-induced autophagy on different human organ systems were evaluated, with a focus on hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, respiratory toxicity, and neurotoxicity. This review also highlighted the classical molecular pathways of Cd-induced autophagy, including the ROS-dependent signaling pathways, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway, Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 family, and recently identified molecules associated with Cd. Moreover, research directions for Cd toxicity regarding autophagic function were proposed. This review presents the latest theories to comprehensively reveal autophagy behavior in response to Cd toxicity and proposes novel potential autophagy-targeted prevention and treatment strategies for Cd toxicity and Cd-associated diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueting Shao
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Liting Zheng
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yiguo Jiang
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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Deng RM, Zhou J. Targeting NF-κB in Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Alleviation: from Signaling Networks to Therapeutic Targeting. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3409-3426. [PMID: 37991700 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03787-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a major complication of liver trauma, resection, and transplantation that can lead to liver dysfunction and failure. Scholars have proposed a variety of liver protection methods aimed at reducing ischemia-reperfusion damage, but there is still a lack of effective treatment methods, which urgently needs to find new effective treatment methods for patients. Many studies have reported that signaling pathway plays a key role in HIRI pathological process and liver function recovery mechanism, among which nuclear transfer factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway is one of the signal transduction closely related to disease. NF-κB pathway is closely related to HIRI pathologic process, and inhibition of this pathway can delay oxidative stress, inflammatory response, cell death, and mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, NF-κB can also interact with PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and Nrf2 signaling pathways to participate in HIRI regulation. Based on the role of NF-κB pathway in HIRI, it may be a potential target pathway for HIRI. This review emphasizes the role of inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway in oxidative stress, inflammatory response, cell death, and mitochondrial dysfunction in HIRI, as well as the effects of related drugs or inhibitors targeting NF-κB on HIRI. The objective of this review is to elucidate the role and mechanism of NF-κB pathway in HIRI, emphasize the important role of NF-κB pathway in the prevention and treatment of HIRI, and provide a theoretical basis for the target NF-κB pathway as a therapy for HIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ming Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, 341000, People's Republic of China
- The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University (Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University), 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Zhou
- The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University (Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University), 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, 341000, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, 341000, People's Republic of China.
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Han H, Shi H, Jiang L, Zhang D, Wang H, Li J, Chen L. Autophagy activated by GR/miR-421-3p/mTOR pathway as a compensatory mechanism participates in chondrodysplasia induced by prenatal caffeine exposure in male fetal rats. Toxicol Lett 2024; 397:141-150. [PMID: 38759937 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy has been implicated in the developmental toxicity of multiple organs in offspring caused by adverse environmental conditions during pregnancy. We have previously found that prenatal caffeine exposure (PCE) can cause fetal overexposure to maternal glucocorticoids, leading to chondrodysplasia. However, whether autophagy is involved and what role it plays has not been reported. In this study, a PCE rat model was established by gavage of caffeine (120 mg/kg.d) on gestational day 9-20. The results showed that reduced cartilage matrix synthesis in male fetal rats in the PCE group was accompanied by increased autophagy compared to the control group. Furthermore, the expression of mTOR, miR-421-3p, and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in male fetal rat cartilage of PCE group was increased. At the cellular level, we confirmed that corticosterone inhibited matrix synthesis in fetal chondrocytes while increasing autophagic flux. However, administration of autophagy enhancer (rapamycin) or inhibitor (bafilomycin A1 or 3-methyladenine) partially increased or further decreased aggrecan expression respectively. At the same time, we found that corticosterone could increase the expression of miR-421-3p through GR and target to inhibit the expression of mTOR, thereby enhancing autophagy. In conclusion, PCE can cause chondrodysplasia and autophagy enhancement in male fetal rats. Intrauterine high corticosterone activates GR/miR-421-3p signaling and down-regulates mTOR signaling in fetal chondrocytes, resulting in enhanced autophagy, which can partially compensate for corticosterone-induced fetal chondrodysplasia. This study confirmed the compensatory protective effect of autophagy on the developmental toxicity of fetal cartilage induced by PCE and its epigenetic mechanism, providing novel insights for exploring the early intervention and therapeutic target of fetal-originated osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Han
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Huasong Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lingxiao Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Dingmei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Liaobin Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China.
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8
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Shi M, Xu M, Huang X, Li C, Chen P, Li Q, Guo J, Zhu M, He S, Zeng K. The effect of autophagy on hemoporfin-mediated photodynamic therapy in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 47:104196. [PMID: 38710260 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Hemoporfin-mediated photodynamic therapy (HMME-PDT) has been recognized as a safe and effective treatment for port wine stain (PWS). However, some patients show limited improvement even after multiple treatments. Herein, we aim to explore the effect of autophagy on HMME-PDT in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), so as to provide theoretical basis and treatment strategies to enhance clinical effectiveness. METHODS Establish the in vitro HMME-PDT system by HUVECs. Apoptosis and necrosis were identified by Annexin Ⅴ-FITC/PI flow cytometry, and autophagy flux was detected by monitoring RFP-GFP-LC3 under the fluorescence microscope. Hydroxychloroquine and rapamycin were employed in the mechanism study. Specifically, the certain genes and proteins were qualified by qPCR and Western Blot, respectively. The cytotoxicity was measured by CCK-8, VEGF-A secretion was determined by ELISA, and the tube formation of HUVECs was observed by angiogenesis assay. RESULTS In vitro experiments revealed that autophagy and apoptosis coexisted in HUVECs treated by HMME-PDT. Apoptosis was dominant in early stage, while autophagy gradually increased in the middle and late stage. AMPK, AKT and mTOR participated in the regulation of autophagy induced by HMME-PDT, in which AMPK was positive regulation, while AKT and mTOR were negative regulation. Hydroxychloroquine could not inhibit HMME-PDT-induced autophagy, but capable of blocking the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosome. Rapamycin might cooperate with HMME-PDT to enhance autophagy in HUVECs, leading to increased cytotoxicity, reduced VEGF-A secretion, and weakened angiogenesis ability. CONCLUSIONS Both autophagy and apoptosis contribute to HMME-PDT-induced HUVECs death. Pretreatment of HUVECs with rapamycin to induce autophagy might enhance the photodynamic killing effect of HMME-PDT on HUVECs. The combination of Rapamycin and HMME-PDT is expected to further improve the clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglan Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Meinian Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Changxing Li
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Pingjiao Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Menghua Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Sijin He
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
| | - Kang Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
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Li R, Xue C, Pan Y, Li G, Huang Z, Xu J, Zhang J, Chen X, Hou L. Research on different compound combinations of Realgar-Indigo naturalis formula to reverse acute promyelocytic leukemia arsenic resistance by regulating autophagy through mTOR pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 326:117778. [PMID: 38310990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In China, the Chinese patent drug Realgar-Indigo naturalis Formula (RIF) is utilized for the therapy of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Comprising four traditional Chinese herb-Realgar, Indigo naturalis, Salvia miltiorrhiza, and Pseudostellaria heterophylla-it notably includes tetra-arsenic tetra-sulfide, indirubin, tanshinone IIa, and total saponins of Radix Pseudostellariae as its primary active components. Due to its arsenic content, RIF distinctly contributes to the therapy for APL. However, the challenge of arsenic resistance in APL patients complicates the clinical use of arsenic agents. Interestingly, RIF demonstrates a high remission rate in APL patients, suggesting that its efficacy is not significantly compromised by arsenic resistance. Yet, the current state of research on RIF's ability to reverse arsenic resistance remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the mechanism of different combinations of the compound of RIF in reversing arsenic resistance in APL. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study utilized the arsenic-resistant HL60-PMLA216V-RARα cell line to investigate the effects of various RIF compounds, namely tetra-arsenic tetra-sulfide (A), indirubin (I), tanshinone IIa (T), and total saponins of Radix Pseudostellariae (S). The assessment of cell viability, observation of cell morphology, and evaluation of cell apoptosis were performed. Furthermore, the mitochondrial membrane potential, changes in the levels of PMLA216V-RARα, apoptosis-related factors, and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway were examined, along with autophagy in all experimental groups. Meanwhile, we observed the changes about autophagy after blocking the PI3K or mTOR pathway. RESULTS Tanshinone IIa, indirubin and total saponins of Radix Pseudostellariae could enhance the effect of tetra-arsenic tetra-sulfide down-regulating PMLA216V-RARα, and the mechanism was suggested to be related to inhibiting mTOR pathway to activate autophagy. CONCLUSIONS We illustrated that the synergistic effect of different compound combinations of RIF can regulate autophagy through the mTOR pathway, enhance cell apoptosis, and degrade arsenic-resistant PMLA216V-RARα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibai Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100007, China; Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, 100091, China
| | - Chengyuan Xue
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100007, China
| | - Yiming Pan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100007, China
| | - Guangda Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100007, China
| | - Ziming Huang
- Department of Medical & Strategic Planning, Techpool Bio-Pharma Co., Ltd, 510520, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100007, China
| | - Jingfang Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 102488, China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100007, China
| | - Li Hou
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100007, China.
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10
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Jia LS, Liu Z, Zhu SH, Zhao QP, Han HY, Zhao HZ, Yu Y, Dong H. Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of chicken DF-1 cells infected with Eimeria tenella, using tandem mass tag (TMT) and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) mass spectrometry. Parasite 2024; 31:23. [PMID: 38759153 PMCID: PMC11101204 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2024027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Eimeria tenella is an obligate intracellular parasite which causes great harm to the poultry breeding industry. Protein phosphorylation plays a vital role in host cell-E. tenella interactions. However, no comprehensive phosphoproteomic analyses of host cells at various phases of E. tenella infection have been published. In this study, quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of chicken embryo DF-1 fibroblasts that were uninfected (UI) or infected with E. tenella for 6 h (PI6, the early invasion phase) or 36 h (PI36, the trophozoite development phase) was conducted. A total of 10,122 phosphopeptides matched to 3,398 host cell phosphoproteins were identified and 13,437 phosphorylation sites were identified. Of these, 491, 1,253, and 275 differentially expressed phosphorylated proteins were identified in the PI6/UI, PI36/UI, and PI36/PI6 comparisons, respectively. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that E. tenella modulated host cell processes through phosphorylation, including focal adhesion, regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, and FoxO signaling to support its early invasion phase, and modulating adherens junctions and the ErbB signaling pathway to favor its trophozoite development. These results enrich the data on the interaction between E. tenella and host cells and facilitate a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying host-parasite relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Shu Jia
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture Minhang Shanghai 200241 PR China
| | - Zhan Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture Minhang Shanghai 200241 PR China
| | - Shun-Hai Zhu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture Minhang Shanghai 200241 PR China
| | - Qi-Ping Zhao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture Minhang Shanghai 200241 PR China
| | - Hong-Yu Han
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture Minhang Shanghai 200241 PR China
| | - Huan-Zhi Zhao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture Minhang Shanghai 200241 PR China
| | - Yu Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture Minhang Shanghai 200241 PR China
| | - Hui Dong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture Minhang Shanghai 200241 PR China
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11
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Rhouma MB, Venditti M, Haddadi A, Knani L, Chouchene L, Boughammoura S, Reiter RJ, Minucci S, Messaoudi I. Melatonin counteracts cadmium-induced rat testicular toxicity via the mechanistic target rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 341:470-482. [PMID: 38433718 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The protective action of melatonin (MLT) against the harmful effects of cadmium (Cd) on testicular activity in rats has been documented previously; however, the involved molecular mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. Herein, we investigate the involvement of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) on the ability of MLT to counteract the damage induced by Cd on the rat testicular activity. Our study confirmed that Cd has harmful effects on the testes of rats and the protective action exerted by MLT. We reported, for the first time, that the addition of rapamycin (Rapa), a specific mTOR inhibitor, to animals co-treated with Cd and MLT completely abolished the beneficial effects exerted by MLT, indicating that the mTOR pathway partially modulates its helpful effects on Cd testicular toxicity. Interestingly, Rapa-alone treatment, provoking mTOR inhibition, produced altered morphological parameters, increased autophagy of germ and somatic cells, and reduced serum testosterone concentration. In addition, mTOR inhibition also reduced protein levels of markers of steroidogenesis (3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) and blood-testis barrier integrity (occludin and connexin 43). Finally, Rapa altered sperm parameters as well as the ability of mature spermatozoa to perform a proper acrosome reaction. Although further investigation is needed to better clarify the molecular pathway involved in MLT action, we confirm that MLT alleviating Cd effects can be used as a supplement to enhance testicular function and improve male gamete quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem B Rhouma
- Laboratoire LR11ES41 Génétique Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bio-ressourcés, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Massimo Venditti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sez. Fisiologia Umana e Funzioni Biologiche Integrate "F. Bottazzi", Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Asma Haddadi
- Laboratoire LR11ES41 Génétique Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bio-ressourcés, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Latifa Knani
- Laboratoire LR11ES41 Génétique Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bio-ressourcés, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Lina Chouchene
- Laboratoire LR11ES41 Génétique Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bio-ressourcés, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sana Boughammoura
- Laboratoire LR11ES41 Génétique Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bio-ressourcés, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Sergio Minucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sez. Fisiologia Umana e Funzioni Biologiche Integrate "F. Bottazzi", Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Imed Messaoudi
- Laboratoire LR11ES41 Génétique Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bio-ressourcés, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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McCusker P, Clarke NG, Gardiner E, Armstrong R, McCammick EM, McVeigh P, Robb E, Wells D, Nowak-Roddy M, Albaqami A, Mousley A, Coulter JA, Harrington J, Marks NJ, Maule AG. Neoblast-like stem cells of Fasciola hepatica. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011903. [PMID: 38805551 PMCID: PMC11161113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The common liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica) causes the disease fasciolosis, which results in considerable losses within the global agri-food industry. There is a shortfall in the drugs that are effective against both the adult and juvenile life stages within the mammalian host, such that new drug targets are needed. Over the last decade the stem cells of parasitic flatworms have emerged as reservoirs of putative novel targets due to their role in development and homeostasis, including at host-parasite interfaces. Here, we investigate and characterise the proliferating cells that underpin development in F. hepatica. We provide evidence that these cells are capable of self-renewal, differentiation, and are sensitive to ionising radiation- all attributes of neoblasts in other flatworms. Changes in cell proliferation were also noted during the early stages of in vitro juvenile growth/development (around four to seven days post excystment), which coincided with a marked reduction in the nuclear area of proliferating cells. Furthermore, we generated transcriptomes from worms following irradiation-based ablation of neoblasts, identifying 124 significantly downregulated transcripts, including known stem cell markers such as fgfrA and plk1. Sixty-eight of these had homologues associated with neoblast-like cells in Schistosoma mansoni. Finally, RNA interference mediated knockdown of histone h2b (a marker of proliferating cells), ablated neoblast-like cells and impaired worm development in vitro. In summary, this work demonstrates that the proliferating cells of F. hepatica are equivalent to neoblasts of other flatworm species and demonstrate that they may serve as attractive targets for novel anthelmintics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul McCusker
- Understanding Health & Disease, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan G. Clarke
- Understanding Health & Disease, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Erica Gardiner
- Understanding Health & Disease, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Armstrong
- Understanding Health & Disease, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Erin M. McCammick
- Understanding Health & Disease, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Paul McVeigh
- Understanding Health & Disease, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Robb
- Understanding Health & Disease, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Wells
- Understanding Health & Disease, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Madelyn Nowak-Roddy
- Understanding Health & Disease, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Abdullah Albaqami
- Understanding Health & Disease, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Mousley
- Understanding Health & Disease, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | | | - John Harrington
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Duluth, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Nikki J. Marks
- Understanding Health & Disease, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron G. Maule
- Understanding Health & Disease, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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Kam MK, Park JY, Yun GH, Sohn HY, Park JH, Choi J, Koh YH, Jo C. Rottlerin Enhances the Autophagic Degradation of Phosphorylated Tau in Neuronal Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04182-9. [PMID: 38671330 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04182-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Intra-neuronal accumulation of hyper-phosphorylated tau as neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To prevent the aggregation of phosphorylated tau in neurons, decreasing the phosphorylated tau protein levels is important. Here, we examined the biological effects of rottlerin, a phytochemical compound extracted from the Kamala tree, Mallotus philippinensis, on phosphorylated tau levels. Notably, rottlerin decreased the levels of intracellular phosphorylated and total tau. A marked increase in the LC3-II, a hallmark of autophagy, was observed in these cells, indicating that rottlerin strongly induced autophagy. Interestingly, rottlerin induced the phosphorylation of Raptor at S792 through the activation of adenosine-monophosphate activated-protein kinase (AMPK), which likely inhibits the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), thus resulting in the activation of transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of autophagy. In addition, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activity increased in the presence of rottlerin. The decrease of phosphorylated tau levels in the presence of rottlerin was ameliorated by the knockdown of TFEB and partially attenuated by the knockout of the Nrf2 gene. Taken together, rottlerin likely enhances the degradation of phosphorylated tau through autophagy activated by TFEB and Nrf2. Thus, our results suggest that a natural compound rottlerin could be used as a preventive and therapeutic drug for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyoung Kam
- Division of Brain Disease Research, Department for Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-Ro, Osong-Eup, Cheongju-Si, 363-951, Chungcheongbuk-Do, Korea
| | - Jee-Yun Park
- Division of Brain Disease Research, Department for Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-Ro, Osong-Eup, Cheongju-Si, 363-951, Chungcheongbuk-Do, Korea
| | - Gwang Ho Yun
- Division of Brain Disease Research, Department for Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-Ro, Osong-Eup, Cheongju-Si, 363-951, Chungcheongbuk-Do, Korea
| | - Hee-Young Sohn
- Division of Brain Disease Research, Department for Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-Ro, Osong-Eup, Cheongju-Si, 363-951, Chungcheongbuk-Do, Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Park
- Division of Brain Disease Research, Department for Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-Ro, Osong-Eup, Cheongju-Si, 363-951, Chungcheongbuk-Do, Korea
| | - Jiyoung Choi
- Division of Brain Disease Research, Department for Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-Ro, Osong-Eup, Cheongju-Si, 363-951, Chungcheongbuk-Do, Korea
| | - Young Ho Koh
- Division of Brain Disease Research, Department for Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-Ro, Osong-Eup, Cheongju-Si, 363-951, Chungcheongbuk-Do, Korea
| | - Chulman Jo
- Division of Brain Disease Research, Department for Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-Ro, Osong-Eup, Cheongju-Si, 363-951, Chungcheongbuk-Do, Korea.
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Pinoșanu EA, Pîrșcoveanu D, Albu CV, Burada E, Pîrvu A, Surugiu R, Sandu RE, Serb AF. Rhoa/ROCK, mTOR and Secretome-Based Treatments for Ischemic Stroke: New Perspectives. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:3484-3501. [PMID: 38666949 PMCID: PMC11049286 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke triggers a complex cascade of cellular and molecular events leading to neuronal damage and tissue injury. This review explores the potential therapeutic avenues targeting cellular signaling pathways implicated in stroke pathophysiology. Specifically, it focuses on the articles that highlight the roles of RhoA/ROCK and mTOR signaling pathways in ischemic brain injury and their therapeutic implications. The RhoA/ROCK pathway modulates various cellular processes, including cytoskeletal dynamics and inflammation, while mTOR signaling regulates cell growth, proliferation, and autophagy. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of targeting these pathways in stroke models, offering insights into potential treatment strategies. However, challenges such as off-target effects and the need for tissue-specific targeting remain. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests the therapeutic potential of MSC secretome in stroke treatment, highlighting the importance of exploring alternative approaches. Future research directions include elucidating the precise mechanisms of action, optimizing treatment protocols, and translating preclinical findings into clinical practice for improved stroke outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Anca Pinoșanu
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, St. Petru Rares, No. 2-4, 200433 Craiova, Romania; (E.A.P.); (D.P.); (C.V.A.)
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, St. Petru Rares, No. 2-4, 200433 Craiova, Romania
| | - Denisa Pîrșcoveanu
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, St. Petru Rares, No. 2-4, 200433 Craiova, Romania; (E.A.P.); (D.P.); (C.V.A.)
| | - Carmen Valeria Albu
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, St. Petru Rares, No. 2-4, 200433 Craiova, Romania; (E.A.P.); (D.P.); (C.V.A.)
| | - Emilia Burada
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, St. Petru Rares, No. 2-4, 200433 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Andrei Pîrvu
- Dolj County Regional Centre of Medical Genetics, Clinical Emergency County Hospital Craiova, St. Tabaci, No. 1, 200642 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Roxana Surugiu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, St. Petru Rares, No. 2-4, 200433 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Raluca Elena Sandu
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, St. Petru Rares, No. 2-4, 200433 Craiova, Romania; (E.A.P.); (D.P.); (C.V.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, St. Petru Rares, No. 2-4, 200433 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Alina Florina Serb
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Biochemistry Discipline, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
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Hong SW, Lee J, Moon SJ, Kwon H, Park SE, Rhee EJ, Lee WY. Docosahexanoic Acid Attenuates Palmitate-Induced Apoptosis by Autophagy Upregulation via GPR120/mTOR Axis in Insulin-Secreting Cells. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2024; 39:353-363. [PMID: 38254294 PMCID: PMC11066451 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2023.1809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) reportedly have protective effects on pancreatic β-cells; however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. METHODS To investigate the cellular mechanism of PUFA-induced cell protection, mouse insulinoma 6 (MIN6) cells were cultured with palmitic acid (PA) and/or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and alterations in cellular signaling and apoptosis were examined. RESULTS DHA treatment remarkably repressed caspase-3 cleavage and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive red dot signals in PA-treated MIN6 cells, with upregulation of autophagy, an increase in microtubule- associated protein 1-light chain 3 (LC3)-II, autophagy-related 5 (Atg5), and decreased p62. Upstream factors involved in autophagy regulation (Beclin-1, unc51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 [ULK1], phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin [mTOR], and protein kinase B) were also altered by DHA treatment. DHA specifically induced phosphorylation on S2448 in mTOR; however, phosphorylation on S2481 decreased. The role of G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) in the effect of DHA was demonstrated using a GPR120 agonist and antagonist. Additional treatment with AH7614, a GPR120 antagonist, significantly attenuated DHA-induced autophagy and protection. Taken together, DHA-induced autophagy activation with protection against PA-induced apoptosis mediated by the GPR120/mTOR axis. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that DHA has therapeutic effects on PA-induced pancreatic β-cells, and that the cellular mechanism of β-cell protection by DHA may be a new research target with potential pharmacotherapeutic implications in β-cell protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Woo Hong
- Institute of Medical Research, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinmi Lee
- Institute of Medical Research, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Joon Moon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyemi Kwon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Eun Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Rhee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Young Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
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Kang SW, Ban JY, Park MS. Protective Role of Rapamycin in Fibrotic Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury (C57bl/6 Mouse). Transplant Proc 2024; 56:672-677. [PMID: 38555195 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a well-documented phenomenon that occurs after liver resection and transplantation, posing a significant clinical challenge. We aim to contribute valuable insights into potential therapeutic interventions for fibrotic liver IRI, ultimately advancing our understanding of liver transplantation and resection outcomes. METHODS Twenty-four mice were divided randomly into 4 equal groups: [1] the normal group, n = 6; [2] the liver fibrosis (LF) group, n = 6; [3] the LF and IR group, n = 6; and [4] the LF with treatment of rapamycin and IR group; n = 6. RESULTS Key biomarkers assessing liver function, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, significantly decreased with Rapamycin administration. There is a substantial decrease observed in inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL) 6, IL-1B, tumor necrosis factor alpha, Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), and Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) with rapamycin treatment. Furthermore, NOX levels, caspase-3, and caspase-9 were reduced after rapamycin administration. CONCLUSION The application of rapamycin demonstrates appropriate effects in anti-inflammation, antioxidation, and anti-apoptosis, indicating significant therapeutic potential for fibrotic liver IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Wook Kang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ju Yeon Ban
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Su Park
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Li Y, Yu P, Gao Y, Ma Z, Wang H, Long Y, Ma Z, Liu R. Effects of the combination of Epimedii Folium and Ligustri Lucidi Fructus on apoptosis and autophagy in SOP rats and osteoblasts via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116346. [PMID: 38428312 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the effects of the combination of Epimedii Folium (EF) and Ligustri Lucidi Fructus (LLF) on regulating apoptosis and autophagy in senile osteoporosis (SOP) rats. METHODS Firstly, we identified the components in the decoction and drug-containing serum of EL (EF&LLF) by Ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Secondly, SOP rats were treated with EF, LLF, EL and caltrate to evaluate the advantages of EL. Finally, H2O2-, chloroquine-, and MHY1485-induced osteoblasts were treated with different doses of EL to reveal the molecular mechanism of EL. We detected bone microstructure, oxidative stress levels, ALP activity and the expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, caspase3, P53, Beclin-1, p-PI3K, PI3K, p-Akt, Akt, p-mTOR, mTOR, and LC3 in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS 36 compounds in EL decoction and 23 in EL-containing serum were identified, including flavonoids, iridoid terpenoids, phenylethanoid glycosides, polyols and triterpenoids. EL could inhibit apoptosis activity and increase ALP activity. In SOP rats and chloroquine-inhibited osteoblasts, EL could improve bone tissue microstructure and osteoblasts functions by upregulating Bcl-2, Beclin1, and LC3-II/LC3-I, while downregulating p53 in all treatment groups. In H2O2-induced osteoblasts, EL could upregulate the protein and mRNA expressions of Bcl-2 while downregulate LC3-II/LC3-I, p53 and Beclin1. Besides, EL was able to down-regulate PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway which activated in SOP rats and MHY1485-induced osteoblasts. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that EL with bone protective effects on SOP rats by regulating autophagy and apoptosis via PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, which might be an alternative medicine for the treatment of SOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuman Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ping Yu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yingying Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zitong Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Han Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yuting Long
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zaina Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Renhui Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
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Servín Muñoz IV, Ortuño-Sahagún D, Griñán-Ferré C, Pallàs M, González-Castillo C. Alterations in Proteostasis Mechanisms in Niemann-Pick Type C Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3806. [PMID: 38612616 PMCID: PMC11011983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick Type C (NPC) represents an autosomal recessive disorder with an incidence rate of 1 in 150,000 live births, classified within lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs). The abnormal accumulation of unesterified cholesterol characterizes the pathophysiology of NPC. This phenomenon is not unique to NPC, as analogous accumulations have also been observed in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other neurodegenerative disorders. Interestingly, disturbances in the folding of the mutant protein NPC1 I1061T are accompanied by the aggregation of proteins such as hyperphosphorylated tau, α-synuclein, TDP-43, and β-amyloid peptide. These accumulations suggest potential disruptions in proteostasis, a regulatory process encompassing four principal mechanisms: synthesis, folding, maintenance of folding, and protein degradation. The dysregulation of these processes leads to excessive accumulation of abnormal proteins that impair cell function and trigger cytotoxicity. This comprehensive review delineates reported alterations across proteostasis mechanisms in NPC, encompassing changes in processes from synthesis to degradation. Additionally, it discusses therapeutic interventions targeting pharmacological facets of proteostasis in NPC. Noteworthy among these interventions is valproic acid, a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) that modulates acetylation during NPC1 synthesis. In addition, various therapeutic options addressing protein folding modulation, such as abiraterone acetate, DHBP, calnexin, and arimoclomol, are examined. Additionally, treatments impeding NPC1 degradation, exemplified by bortezomib and MG132, are explored as potential strategies. This review consolidates current knowledge on proteostasis dysregulation in NPC and underscores the therapeutic landscape targeting diverse facets of this intricate process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Valeria Servín Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - Daniel Ortuño-Sahagún
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - Christian Griñán-Ferré
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (C.G.-F.); (M.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CiberNed), Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (C.G.-F.); (M.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CiberNed), Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia González-Castillo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Guadalajara, Zapopan 45201, Mexico
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Liu X, Yan Q, Liu X, Wei W, Zou L, Zhao F, Zeng S, Yi L, Ding H, Zhao M, Chen J, Fan S. PKM2 induces mitophagy through the AMPK-mTOR pathway promoting CSFV proliferation. J Virol 2024; 98:e0175123. [PMID: 38319105 PMCID: PMC10949426 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01751-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Viruses exploit the host cell's energy metabolism system to support their replication. Mitochondria, known as the powerhouse of the cell, play a critical role in regulating cell survival and virus replication. Our prior research indicated that the classical swine fever virus (CSFV) alters mitochondrial dynamics and triggers glycolytic metabolic reprogramming. However, the role and mechanism of PKM2, a key regulatory enzyme of glycolytic metabolism, in CSFV replication remain unclear. In this study, we discovered that CSFV enhances PKM2 expression and utilizes PKM2 to inhibit pyruvate production. Using an affinity purification coupled mass spectrometry system, we successfully identified PKM as a novel interaction partner of the CSFV non-structural protein NS4A. Furthermore, we validated the interaction between PKM2 and both CSFV NS4A and NS5A through co-immunoprecipitation and confocal analysis. PKM2 was found to promote the expression of both NS4A and NS5A. Moreover, we observed that PKM2 induces mitophagy by activating the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway, thereby facilitating CSFV proliferation. In summary, our data reveal a novel mechanism whereby PKM2, a metabolic enzyme, promotes CSFV proliferation by inducing mitophagy. These findings offer a new avenue for developing antiviral strategies. IMPORTANCE Viruses rely on the host cell's material-energy metabolic system for replication, inducing host metabolic disorders and subsequent immunosuppression-a major contributor to persistent viral infections. Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is no exception. Classical swine fever is a severe acute infectious disease caused by CSFV, resulting in significant economic losses to the global pig industry. While the role of the metabolic enzyme PKM2 (pyruvate dehydrogenase) in the glycolytic pathway of tumor cells has been extensively studied, its involvement in viral infection remains relatively unknown. Our data unveil a new mechanism by which the metabolic enzyme PKM2 mediates CSFV infection, offering novel avenues for the development of antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
| | - Quanhui Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
| | - Xueyi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
| | - Wenkang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linke Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
| | - Feifan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
| | - Sen Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
| | - Lin Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
| | - Hongxing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
| | - Mingqiu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
| | - Shuangqi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
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20
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Shi Z, Wang J, Li M, Gu L, Xu Z, Zhai X, Zhou S, Zhao J, Gu L, Chen L, Ju L, Zhou B, Hua H. Protective autophagy enhances antistress ability through AMPK/ULK1 signaling pathway in human immortalized keratinocytes. Cell Biol Int 2024. [PMID: 38436129 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Keratinocytes, located in the outermost layer of human skin, are pivotal cells to resist environmental damage. Cellular autophagy plays a critical role in eliminating damaged organelles and maintaining skin cell homeostasis. Low-dose 5-Aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) has been demonstrated to enhance skin's antistress ability; however, the regulatory mechanisms of autophagy in keratinocytes remain unclear. In this study, we treated immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) with low-dose ALA-PDT (0.5 mmol/L, 3 J/cm2 ). Through RNA-sequencing analysis, we identified that low-dose ALA-PDT modulated autophagy-related pathways in keratinocytes and pinpointed Unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) as a key gene involved. Western blot results revealed that low-dose ALA-PDT treatment upregulated the expression of autophagy-related proteins Beclin-1 and LC3-II/LC3-I ratio. Notably, low-dose ALA-PDT regulated autophagy by inducing an appropriate level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), transiently reducing mitochondrial membrane potential, and decreasing adenosine triphosphate production; all these processes functioned on the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/ULK1 pathway to activate autophagy. Finally, we simulated external environmental damage using ultraviolet B (UVB) at a dose of 60 mJ/cm2 and observed that low-dose ALA-PDT mitigated UVB-induced cell apoptosis; however, this protective effect was reversed when using the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine. Overall, these findings highlight how low-dose ALA-PDT enhances antistress ability in HaCaT cells through controlling ROS generation and activating the AMPK/ULK1 pathway to arouse cellular autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhinan Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Li Gu
- Department of Dermatology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhiyi Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhai
- Department of Dermatology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shu Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jingting Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Liqun Gu
- Department of Dermatology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Nantong Institute of Liver Diseases, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Linling Ju
- Nantong Institute of Liver Diseases, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Bingrong Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Hua
- Department of Dermatology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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21
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Li YY, Qin ZH, Sheng R. The Multiple Roles of Autophagy in Neural Function and Diseases. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:363-382. [PMID: 37856037 PMCID: PMC10912456 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy involves the sequestration and delivery of cytoplasmic materials to lysosomes, where proteins, lipids, and organelles are degraded and recycled. According to the way the cytoplasmic components are engulfed, autophagy can be divided into macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy. Recently, many studies have found that autophagy plays an important role in neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, neuronal excitotoxicity, and cerebral ischemia. Autophagy maintains cell homeostasis in the nervous system via degradation of misfolded proteins, elimination of damaged organelles, and regulation of apoptosis and inflammation. AMPK-mTOR, Beclin 1, TP53, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and other signal pathways are involved in the regulation of autophagy and can be used as potential therapeutic targets for neurological diseases. Here, we discuss the role, functions, and signal pathways of autophagy in neurological diseases, which will shed light on the pathogenic mechanisms of neurological diseases and suggest novel targets for therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Qin
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Rui Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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22
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Chen Z, Chen Z, Gao S, Shi J, Li X, Sun F. PFOS exposure destroys the integrity of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) through PI3K/AKT/mTOR-mediated autophagy. Reprod Biol 2024; 24:100846. [PMID: 38160586 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2023.100846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanesulfonate or perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), a type of perfluorinated compound, is mainly found in consumer products. Exposure to PFOS could cause male reproductive toxicity by causing injury to the blood-testis barrier (BTB). However, the specific mechanisms through which PFOS affects male reproduction remain unclear. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a vital protein kinase that is believed to be a central regulator of autophagy. In this study, we established in vivo and in vitro models to explore the effects of PFOS on the BTB, autophagy, and the regulatory role of the mTOR signaling pathway. Adult mice were developmentally exposed to 0, 0.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg/day PFOS for five weeks. Thereafter, their testicular morphology, sperm counts, serum testosterone, expression of BTB-related proteins, and autophagy-related proteins were evaluated. Additionally, TM4 cells (a mouse Sertoli cell line) were used to delineate the molecular mechanisms that mediate the effects of PFOS on BTB. Our results demonstrated that exposure to PFOS induced BTB injury and autophagy, as evidenced by increased expression of autophagy-related proteins, accumulation of autophagosomes, observed through representative electron micrographs, and decreased activity of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Moreover, treatment with chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, alleviated the effects of PFOS on the integrity of TM4 cells in the BTB and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Overall, this study highlights that exposure to PFOS destroys the integrity of the BTB through PI3K/AKT/mTOR-mediated autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifeng Chen
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Zhengru Chen
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Sheng Gao
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jie Shi
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xinyao Li
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
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23
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Hu F, Lin C. TRPM2 knockdown attenuates myocardial apoptosis and promotes autophagy in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic mice via regulating the MEK/ERK and mTORC1 signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-04926-0. [PMID: 38308007 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-04926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major complication of diabetes. Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) activity increases in diabetic oxidative stress state, and it is involved in myocardial damage and repair. We explore the protective effect of TRPM2 knockdown on the progression of DCM. A type 2 diabetes animal model was established in C57BL/6N mice by long-term high-fat diet (HFD) feeding combined with a single injection of 100-mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). Genetic knockdown of TRPM2 in heart was accomplished by the intravenous injection via the tail vein of adeno-associated virus type 9 carrying TRPM2 shRNA. Neonatal rat ventricular myocytes was exposed to 45 mM of high-glucose (HG) stimulation for 72 h in vitro to mimic the in vivo conditions. Western blot, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), immunohistochemistry and fluorescence, electron, CCK-8, and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the phenotype of cardiac inflammation, fibrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy. Mice with HFD/STZ-induced diabetes exhibited systolic and diastolic dysfunction, as demonstrated by increased myocardial apoptosis and autophagy inhibition in the heart. Compared to control group, the protein expression of TRPM2, bax, cleaved caspase-3, and P62 was significantly elevated, and the protein expression of bcl-2 and LC3-II was significantly decreased in the myocardial tissues of the HFD/STZ-induced diabetes group. Knockdown of TRPM2 significantly reversed the HFD/STZ-induced myocardial apoptosis and autophagy inhibition. TRPM2 silencing attenuated HG-induced apoptosis and autophagy inhibition in primary cardiomyocytes via regulating the MEK/ERK mTORC1 signaling pathway. TRPM2 knockdown attenuates hyperglycemia-induced myocardial apoptosis and promotes autophagy in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic mice or HG-stimulated cardiomyocytes via regulating the MEK/ERK and mTORC1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
| | - Chaoyang Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
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24
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Che H, Li L, Zhao B, Hu L, Xiao L, Liu P, Liu S, Hou Z. Asperuloside alleviates cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression by promoting AMPK/mTOR pathway-mediated autophagy. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23641. [PMID: 38348709 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is a common anticancer chemotherapy drug, and myelosuppression is the most common serious side effect. Asperuloside (ASP), the active component of Hedyotis diffusa Willd., may have the effect of ameliorating chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression. This study aimed to explore the effect and possible mechanism of ASP on CTX-induced myelosuppression. Male SPF C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups: control group, CTX (25 mg/kg) group, CTX + granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (5 μg/kg) group, CTX + high-dose ASP (50 mg/kg) group and CTX + low-dose ASP (25 mg/kg) group, with six mice in each group. The body weight of mice was monitored every other day, the hematopoietic progenitor cell colony number was measured by colony forming unit, and the relevant blood indicators were detected. Femoral bone marrow was observed by hematoxylin-eosin, C-kit expression was detected by immunohistochemistry, and autophagy and adenine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway protein expressions were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blotting (WB). Then the AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin was used to interfere with AMPK/mTOR pathway. Results showed that ASP significantly increased the body weight of CTX-induced mice, increased the number of hematopoietic progenitor cells, the expression of white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets, GM-CSF, thrombopoietin and erythropoietin in blood, and the expression of C-kit in bone marrow. In addition, ASP further promoted the expression of Beclin1 and LC-3II/I induced by CTX, and regulated the protein expressions in the AMPK/mTOR pathway. The use of dorsomorphin inhibited the alleviation effect of ASP on CTX-induced myelosuppression and the promotion effect of ASP on autophagy. In conclusion, ASP alleviated CTX-induced myelosuppression by promoting AMPK/mTOR pathway-mediated autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Che
- Department of Hematology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Linlin Li
- Department of Hematology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Bingjie Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lian Hu
- Department of Hematology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Peijia Liu
- Department of Hematology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Songshan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhufa Hou
- Department of Hematology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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25
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Abudu YP, Kournoutis A, Brenne HB, Lamark T, Johansen T. MORG1 limits mTORC1 signaling by inhibiting Rag GTPases. Mol Cell 2024; 84:552-569.e11. [PMID: 38103557 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy, an important quality control and recycling process vital for cellular homeostasis, is tightly regulated. The mTORC1 signaling pathway regulates autophagy under conditions of nutrient availability and scarcity. However, how mTORC1 activity is fine-tuned during nutrient availability to allow basal autophagy is unclear. Here, we report that the WD-domain repeat protein MORG1 facilitates basal constitutive autophagy by inhibiting mTORC1 signaling through Rag GTPases. Mechanistically, MORG1 interacts with active Rag GTPase complex inhibiting the Rag GTPase-mediated recruitment of mTORC1 to the lysosome. MORG1 depletion in HeLa cells increases mTORC1 activity and decreases autophagy. The autophagy receptor p62/SQSTM1 binds to MORG1, but MORG1 is not an autophagy substrate. However, p62/SQSTM1 binding to MORG1 upon re-addition of amino acids following amino acid's depletion precludes MORG1 from inhibiting the Rag GTPases, allowing mTORC1 activation. MORG1 depletion increases cell proliferation and migration. Low expression of MORG1 correlates with poor survival in several important cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakubu Princely Abudu
- Autophagy Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Nanoscopy Group, Department of Physics and Technology, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Athanasios Kournoutis
- Autophagy Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hanne Britt Brenne
- Autophagy Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Trond Lamark
- Autophagy Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Terje Johansen
- Autophagy Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
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26
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Jiang D, Ji C, Zhou X, Wang Z, Sun Q, Wang X, An X, Ling W, Kang B. Pathway analysis of spermidine anti-oxidative stress and inducing autophagy in granulosa cells of Sichuan white geese. Theriogenology 2024; 215:290-301. [PMID: 38118229 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Spermidine, a natural polyamine, has been proven antioxidant function, but its pathway and mechanism of action remain unclear. Based on the oxidative stress model by 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA), the study explored the pathways by spermidine to rescue oxidative stress via autophagic process in goose granulosa cells by RNA-seq and RNA interference. In transcriptional regulation, in addition to KEGG pathways related to cell proliferation and differentiation, lots of KEGG pathways associated with inflammation, metabolism, and signaling were also significantly enriched in 3-NPA vs. 3-NPA + spermidine treatments. Six key genes (JUN, CD44, KITLG, RND2, BMP4 and KALRN) involved in spermidine-mediated anti-oxidative stress were screened. Furthermore, the experimental results showed that spermidine (80 μmol/L) significantly increased autophagic gene expression in goose granulosa cells, while EP300-siRNA or MAP1S-siRNA also significantly increased autophagic process. The autophagic gene expressions were no difference between EP300-siRNA and EP300-siRNA + spermidine treatments, although spermidine significantly increased autophagic process of granulosa cells compared to MAP1S-siRNA alone. In addition, inhibition of mTOR pathway significantly increased autophagic gene expression, which was further enhanced by spermidine in combined with mTOR inhibitor. These results suggest that spermidine can alleviate oxidative stress by inducing autophagy regulated by EP300, MAP1S and mTOR as well as regulating other independent gene expressions in goose granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Chengweng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Xuemin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Zelong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Qian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Xiaoguang An
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Weikang Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Bo Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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27
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Yang X, Xiong S, Zhao X, Jin J, Yang X, Du Y, Zhao L, He Z, Gong C, Guo L, Liang T. Orchestrating Cellular Balance: ncRNAs and RNA Interactions at the Dominant of Autophagy Regulation in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1561. [PMID: 38338839 PMCID: PMC10855840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a complex and highly regulated cellular process, is critical for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis by lysosomal degradation of cellular debris, intracellular pathogens, and dysfunctional organelles. It has become an interesting and attractive topic in cancer because of its dual role as a tumor suppressor and cell survival mechanism. As a highly conserved pathway, autophagy is strictly regulated by diverse non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), ranging from short and flexible miRNAs to lncRNAs and even circRNAs, which largely contribute to autophagy regulatory networks via complex RNA interactions. The potential roles of RNA interactions during autophagy, especially in cancer procession and further anticancer treatment, will aid our understanding of related RNAs in autophagy in tumorigenesis and cancer treatment. Herein, we mainly summarized autophagy-related mRNAs and ncRNAs, also providing RNA-RNA interactions and their potential roles in cancer prognosis, which may deepen our understanding of the relationships between various RNAs during autophagy and provide new insights into autophagy-related therapeutic strategies in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueni Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China; (X.Y.); (S.X.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (L.Z.); (Z.H.)
| | - Shizheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China; (X.Y.); (S.X.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (L.Z.); (Z.H.)
| | - Xinmiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China; (X.Y.); (S.X.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (L.Z.); (Z.H.)
| | - Jiaming Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China; (X.Y.); (S.X.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (L.Z.); (Z.H.)
| | - Xinbing Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (X.Y.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yajing Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (X.Y.); (Y.D.)
| | - Linjie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China; (X.Y.); (S.X.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (L.Z.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zhiheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China; (X.Y.); (S.X.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (L.Z.); (Z.H.)
| | - Chengjun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China; (X.Y.); (S.X.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (L.Z.); (Z.H.)
| | - Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China; (X.Y.); (S.X.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (L.Z.); (Z.H.)
| | - Tingming Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (X.Y.); (Y.D.)
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Li S, Xu B, Luo Y, Luo J, Huang S, Guo X. Autophagy and Apoptosis in Rabies Virus Replication. Cells 2024; 13:183. [PMID: 38247875 PMCID: PMC10814280 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Rabies virus (RABV) is a single-stranded negative-sense RNA virus belonging to the Rhabdoviridae family and Lyssavirus genus, which is highly neurotropic and can infect almost all warm-blooded animals, including humans. Autophagy and apoptosis are two evolutionarily conserved and genetically regulated processes that maintain cellular and organismal homeostasis, respectively. Autophagy recycles unnecessary or dysfunctional intracellular organelles and molecules in a cell, whereas apoptosis eliminates damaged or unwanted cells in an organism. Studies have shown that RABV can induce both autophagy and apoptosis in target cells. To advance our understanding of pathogenesis of rabies, this paper reviews the molecular mechanisms of autophagy and apoptosis induced by RABV and the effects of the two cellular events on RABV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Bowen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
| | - Yongwen Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jun Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA;
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.L.); (Y.L.)
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Pan SM, Wang CL, Hu ZF, Zhang ML, Pan ZF, Zhou RY, Wang XJ, Huang SW, Li YY, Wang Q, Luo X, Zhou L, Hou JT, Chen B. Baitouweng decoction repairs the intestinal barrier in DSS-induced colitis mice via regulation of AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116888. [PMID: 37437793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of non-specific inflammatory bowel disease that mainly affects the colon. Recently, UC has become a significant social and economic problem worldwide. Baitouweng decoction (BD), a traditional Chinese medicine described in the "Treatise on Febrile Diseases", has been used for centuries to treat intestinal diseases. However, its underlying mechanism remains largely unexplored. AIM OF STUDY In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of BD on autophagy for repairing the colonic barrier in DSS-induced colitis mice and explored its role in regulating the autophagic signaling pathway AMPK/mTOR. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice with colitis were treated with 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 7 days. The effectiveness of BD in treating DSS-induced colitis was evaluated through body weight, disease activity index (DAI), colon length, pathological changes, organ index, and proportion of blood cells. Moreover, intestinal epithelial permeability was analyzed by examining FITC-dextran leakage, the bacterial load of mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), and bacterial infiltration of colon tissues. Barrier function was evaluated by assessing the number and proportion of colonic goblet cells and the expression of tight junction proteins, including ZO-1, claudin-1, and occludin. Furthermore, the levels of autophagy were assessed by examining the number of autophagosomes and the expression of the autophagy-related proteins LC3, Beclin1, and P62. Additionally, network pharmacology research was conducted to analyze the potential mechanisms underlying the medicinal effects, as indicated by the role of AMPK/mTOR in regulating the autophagic signaling pathway. RESULTS BD improved colitis symptoms in mice by restoring body weight and colon length and reducing inflammatory cell infiltration. Additionally, BD decreased the diffusion of FITC-dextran and bacterial translocation in MLNs, as well as bacterial infiltration of the colonic mucosa. The number and proportion of colonic goblet cells, the expression of ZO-1, Claudin-1, and Occludin, and the levels of autophagy were also increased by BD. Network pharmacology analysis suggested that BD might affect intestinal autophagy through the AMPK signaling pathway, which was confirmed by the activation of AMPK phosphorylation and the downregulation of mTOR expression following BD treatment. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that BD repaired the intestinal epithelial barrier in DSS-induced colitis mice by activating AMPK phosphorylation and inhibiting mTOR expression to promote autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Min Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; The First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Chun-Li Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; The First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Zhi-Fan Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; The First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zeng-Feng Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ruo-Yu Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; The First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Shao-Wei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yan-Yang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xia Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lian Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiang-Tao Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
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Yang X, Ding W, Chen Z, Lai K, Liu Y. The role of autophagy in insulin resistance and glucolipid metabolism and potential use of autophagy modulating natural products in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3762. [PMID: 38287719 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a severe, long-term condition characterised by disruptions in glucolipid and energy metabolism. Autophagy, a fundamental cellular process, serves as a guardian of cellular health by recycling and renewing cellular components. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the vital role that autophagy plays in T2DM, we conducted an extensive search for high-quality publications across databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, and SciFinder and used keywords like 'autophagy', 'insulin resistance', and 'type 2 diabetes mellitus', both individually and in combinations. A large body of evidence underscores the significance of activating autophagy in alleviating T2DM symptoms. An enhanced autophagic activity, either by activating the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and sirtuin-1 signalling pathways or inhibiting the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 signalling pathway, can effectively improve insulin resistance and balance glucolipid metabolism in key tissues like the hypothalamus, skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. Furthermore, autophagy can increase β-cell mass and functionality in the pancreas. This review provides a narrative summary of autophagy regulation with an emphasis on the intricate connection between autophagy and T2DM symptoms. It also discusses the therapeutic potentials of natural products with autophagy activation properties for the treatment of T2DM conditions. Our findings suggest that autophagy activation represents an innovative approach of treating T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyi Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyi Lai
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Salaudeen MA, Allan S, Pinteaux E. Hypoxia and interleukin-1-primed mesenchymal stem/stromal cells as novel therapy for stroke. Hum Cell 2024; 37:154-166. [PMID: 37987924 PMCID: PMC10764391 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Promising preclinical stroke research has not yielded meaningful and significant success in clinical trials. This lack of success has prompted the need for refinement of preclinical studies with the intent to optimize the chances of clinical success. Regenerative medicine, especially using mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), has gained popularity in the last decade for treating many disorders, including central nervous system (CNS), such as stroke. In addition to less stringent ethical constraints, the ample availability of MSCs also makes them an attractive alternative to totipotent and other pluripotent stem cells. The ability of MSCs to differentiate into neurons and other brain parenchymal and immune cells makes them a promising therapy for stroke. However, these cells also have some drawbacks that, if not addressed, will render MSCs unfit for treating ischaemic stroke. In this review, we highlighted the molecular and cellular changes that occur following an ischaemic stroke (IS) incidence and discussed the physiological properties of MSCs suitable for tackling these changes. We also went further to discuss the major drawbacks of utilizing MSCs in IS and how adequate priming using both hypoxia and interleukin-1 can optimize the beneficial properties of MSCs while eliminating these drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Adenike Salaudeen
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Division of Neuroscience, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Stuart Allan
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Division of Neuroscience, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Emmanuel Pinteaux
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Division of Neuroscience, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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De D, Ghosh G, Karmakar P. Sumoylation and phosphorylation of PTEN boosts and curtails autophagy respectively by influencing cell membrane localisation. Exp Cell Res 2024; 434:113872. [PMID: 38072303 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is involved in the entirety of cellular survival, homeostasis and death which becomes more self-evident when its dysregulation is implicated in several pathological conditions. PTEN positively regulates autophagy and like other proteins undergo post-translational modifications. It is crucial to investigate the relationship between PTEN and autophagy as it is generally observed to be negligible in PTEN deficient cancer cells. Here, we have shown that such modifications of PTEN namely sumoylation and phosphorylation upregulates and downregulates autophagy respectively. Transfection of plasmid containing full length PTEN in PTEN-negative prostate cancer cell line PC3, induced autophagy on further starvation. When a sumoylation-deficient mutant of PTEN was transfected and cells were put under similar starvation, a decline in autophagy was observed. On the other hand, cells transfected with phosphorylation-deficient mutant of PTEN showed elevated expression of autophagy. Contrarily, transfection with phosphorylation-mimicking mutant caused reduced expression of autophagy. On further analysis, it was detected that PTEN's association with the plasma membrane was under positive and negative influence from its sumoylation and phosphorylation respectively. This association is integral as it is the foremost site for PTEN to oppose PI3K/AKT pathway and consequently upregulate autophagy. Thus, this study indicates that sumoylation and phosphorylation of PTEN can control autophagy via its cell membrane association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debojyoti De
- Department of Life Science & Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja Subodh Chandra Mallick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India.
| | - Ginia Ghosh
- Department of Life Science & Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja Subodh Chandra Mallick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India.
| | - Parimal Karmakar
- Department of Life Science & Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja Subodh Chandra Mallick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India.
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Ren Y, He J, Wang X, Liang H, Ma Y. Exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells alleviate premature ovarian failure via blockage of autophagy and AMPK/mTOR pathway. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16517. [PMID: 38107591 PMCID: PMC10725676 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of adipose-derived stem cell-derived exosome (ADSCs-Exo) in treating premature ovarian failure (POF). Methods We constructed a POF mouse model through intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide, followed by the administration of the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA). Pathological injury, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), estradiol (E2), superoxide dismutase (SOD), granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis, and autophagy were assessed. Exosomes isolated from ADSCs were used to treat POF in mice. The AMPK-mTOR pathway and its proteins (p-AMPK and p-mTOR) were evaluated. A POF cell model was established using cyclophosphamide-treated human ovarian granulosa-like tumor (KGN) cells. We administered ADSCs-Exo and rapamycin to validate the mechanism of ADSCs-Exo against POF. Results In POF mice, 3-MA treatment attenuated pathological injuries, decreased FSH, MDA, and ROS levels, and increased E2 and SOD levels. 3-MA treatment also inhibited GC apoptosis and autophagy. ADSCs-Exo alleviated pathological injuries, improved ovarian morphology and function, and reduced oxidative stress in POF mice. ADSCs-Exo inhibited GC apoptosis and autophagy. ADSCs-Exo downregulated the expression of AMPK/mTOR pathway proteins (p-AMPK and p-mTOR). In the POF cell model, ADSCs-Exo and rapamycin inhibited AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy. Conclusion ADSCs-Exo inhibits POF through the inhibition of autophagy and the AMPK/mTOR pathway. This study provides a potential target for the clinical treatment of POF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ren
- Department of Scientific Research, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Jinying He
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Endoscopy Center, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Hongyu Liang
- Department of Scientific Research, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuzhen Ma
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
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Zhang X, Zeng Z, Liu Y, Liu D. Emerging Relevance of Ghrelin in Programmed Cell Death and Its Application in Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17254. [PMID: 38139082 PMCID: PMC10743592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin, comprising 28 amino acids, was initially discovered as a hormone that promotes growth hormones. The original focus was on the effects of ghrelin on controlling hunger and satiation. As the research further develops, the research scope of ghrelin has expanded to a wide range of systems and diseases. Nevertheless, the specific mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In recent years, substantial studies have demonstrated that ghrelin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and other effects, which could affect the signaling pathways of various kinds of programmed cell death (PCD) in treating diseases. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying the function of ghrelin in different kinds of PCD have not been thoroughly illuminated. This review describes the relationship between ghrelin and four kinds of PCD (apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis) and then introduces the clinical applications based on the different features of ghrelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Queen Mary College, Nanchang University, Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330001, China; (X.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zihan Zeng
- Queen Mary College, Nanchang University, Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330001, China; (X.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yaning Liu
- Queen Mary College, Nanchang University, Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330001, China; (X.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
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Hu L, Gao D, Lv H, Lian L, Wang M, Wang Y, Xie Y, Zhang J. Finding New Targets for the Treatment of Heart Failure: Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2023; 16:1349-1356. [PMID: 37432587 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10410-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is a progressive disease with an annual mortality rate of about 10% and is the end-stage stage of various heart diseases, which places a huge socioeconomic burden on the healthcare system. The development of heart failure has received increasing attention as a potential way to improve the treatment of this disease. Many studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy play an important role in the occurrence and development of heart failure. With the in-depth study of endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy, both are considered promising targets for pharmacological interventions to treat heart failure, but the mechanism of heart failure between the two is not clear. This review will highlight the effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and their interactions in the development and development of heart failure, thereby helping to provide direction for the future development of targeted therapies for patients with heart failure. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study explored the new targets for the treatment of heart failure: endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy. Targeted drug therapy for endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy is expected to provide a new intervention target for the treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Hu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Dongjie Gao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Hao Lv
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Lu Lian
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Mingyang Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Yunjiao Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Yingyu Xie
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Junping Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China.
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Gong H, Lyu X, Liu Y, Peng N, Tan S, Dong L, Zhang X. Eupatilin inhibits pulmonary fibrosis by activating Sestrin2/PI3K/Akt/mTOR dependent autophagy pathway. Life Sci 2023; 334:122218. [PMID: 37918625 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive chronic inflammatory disease with poor clinical outcomes and ineffective drug treatment options. Eupatilin is a major component extracted from the traditional herbal medicine Artemisia asiatica Nakai. Notably, it was demonstrated to have an anti-fibrosis effect in endometrial fibrosis, vocal fold, and hepatic fibrosis. Its role and mechanism in IPF remain unclear. METHODS This study used the TGF-β1-induced human embryonic lung fibroblasts (MRC-5) activation, IPF lung fibroblasts, and bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis mice model. Western blot, immunofluorescence staining, quantitative real time-PCR, hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson's trichrome staining, and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the effects of eupatilin on fibroblast activation, pulmonary fibrosis, and autophagy. The autophagosomes were observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM). RNA sequencing was used to determine the signaling pathway and key regulator related to autophagy. RESULTS Eupatilin significantly decreased the expression of Col1A1, fibronectin, α-SMA, and SQSTM1/p62. In contrast, it increased the expression of LC3B II/I and the number of autophagosomes in TGF-β1 treated MRC-5, IPF lung fibroblasts, and bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis mice model; it also alleviated bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. The KEGG pathway mapping displayed that PI3K/Akt and Sestrin2 were associated with the enhanced fibrogenic process. Eupatilin suppressed the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR. Autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and Akt activator SC-79 abrogated the anti-fibrotic effect of eupatilin. Sestrin2 expression was also downregulated in TGF-β1 treated lung fibroblasts and lung tissues of the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mice model. Furthermore, eupatilin promoted Sestrin2 expression, and the knockdown of Sestrin2 significantly aggravated the degree of fibrosis, increased the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and decreased autophagy. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that eupatilin ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis through Sestrin2/PI3K/Akt/mTOR-dependent autophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gong
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Human Clinical Medical Research Center for Geriatric Syndrome, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xing Lyu
- Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Naling Peng
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Shengyu Tan
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Human Clinical Medical Research Center for Geriatric Syndrome, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Lini Dong
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Human Clinical Medical Research Center for Geriatric Syndrome, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Human Clinical Medical Research Center for Geriatric Syndrome, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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Xing H, Li S, Fu Y, Wan X, Zhou A, Cao F, Sun Q, Hu N, Ma M, Li W, Cao C. HYAL1 deficiency attenuates lipopolysaccharide-triggered renal injury and endothelial glycocalyx breakdown in septic AKI in mice. Ren Fail 2023; 45:2188966. [PMID: 37563795 PMCID: PMC10424626 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2188966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal dysfunction and disruption of renal endothelial glycocalyx are two important events during septic acute kidney injury (AKI). Here, the role and mechanism of hyaluronidase 1 (HYAL1) in regulating renal injury and renal endothelial glycocalyx breakdown in septic AKI were explored for the first time. METHODS BALB/c mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 mg/kg) to induce AKI. HYAL1 was blocked in vivo using lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA targeting HYAL1 (LV-sh-HYAL1). Biochemical assays were performed to measure the levels and concentrations of biochemical parameters associated with AKI as well as levels of inflammatory cytokines. Renal pathological lesions were determined by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Cell apoptosis in the kidney was detected using terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining assays were used to examine the levels of hyaluronic acid in the kidney. The protein levels of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, endothelial glycocalyx, and autophagy-associated indicators were assessed by western blotting. RESULTS The knockdown of HYAL1 in LPS-subjected mice by LV-sh-HYAL1 significantly reduced renal inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis and kidney dysfunction in AKI, as well as alleviated renal endothelial glycocalyx disruption by preventing the release of hyaluronic acid to the bloodstream. Additionally, autophagy-related protein analysis indicated that knockdown of HYAL1 significantly enhanced autophagy in LPS mice. Furthermore, the beneficial actions of HYAL1 blockade were closely associated with the AMPK/mTOR signaling. CONCLUSION HYAL1 deficiency attenuates LPS-triggered renal injury and endothelial glycocalyx breakdown in septic AKI in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Xing
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, ChinaNanjing
| | - Shensen Li
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, ChinaNanjing
| | - Yongchao Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, ChinaNanjing
| | - Xin Wan
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, ChinaNanjing
| | - Annan Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, ChinaNanjing
| | - Feifei Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, ChinaNanjing
| | - Qing Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, ChinaNanjing
| | - Nana Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, ChinaNanjing
| | - Mengqing Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, ChinaNanjing
| | - Wenwen Li
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, ChinaNanjing
| | - Changchun Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, ChinaNanjing
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Kaur M, Murugesan S, Singh S, Uy KN, Kaur J, Mann N, Sekhon RK. The Influence of Coffee on Reducing Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e50118. [PMID: 38192918 PMCID: PMC10772480 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a liver disease characterized by hepatic fat accumulation associated with various severities of inflammation and scarring. As studies explore specialized treatments, emerging evidence suggests a potential protective effect of coffee consumption. Consumption of coffee or its components, such as caffeine and/or chlorogenic acid (CA), can reduce markers of liver injury and induce a myriad of other health benefits. However, there is limited research on patients with both MASLD and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Current research suggests that patients with MASLD are at greater risk of developing T2D and future liver-related complications and vice versa. Given that both MASLD and T2D are global burdens, the present literature review analyzes current research to identify trends and determine if coffee can be a viable treatment for MASLD patients with T2D. Results indicate that coffee consumption may protect against MASLD in T2D patients who are overweight/obese through a declined rate of weight gain, inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) gene, and insignificant changes to the gut microbiome. More longitudinal research on human subjects is needed to establish a causal relationship between coffee consumption and MASLD alleviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet Kaur
- Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jasjeet Kaur
- Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Navina Mann
- Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, USA
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Hao K, Wang J, Yu H, Chen L, Zeng W, Wang Z, Hu G. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Regulates Lipid Metabolism in Sheep Trophoblast Cells through mTOR Pathway-Mediated Autophagy. PPAR Res 2023; 2023:6422804. [PMID: 38020065 PMCID: PMC10651342 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6422804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a key nuclear receptor transcription factor that is highly expressed in trophoblastic cells during embryonic attachment and is accompanied by rapid cell proliferation and increased lipid accumulation. We previously showed that the autophagy pathway is activated in cells after activation of PPARγ, accompanied by increased lipid accumulation. In this study, we used PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone and inhibitor GW9662, as well as autophagy activator rapamycin and inhibitor 3-methyladenine, to unravel the probable mechanism of PPARγ engaged in lipid metabolism in sheep trophoblast cells (STCs). After 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h of drug treatment, the levels of autophagy-related proteins were detected by Western blot, the triglyceride content and MDA level of cells were detected by colorimetry, and the lipid droplets and lysosomes were localized by immunofluorescence. We found that PPARγ inhibited the activity of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in STCs for a certain period of time, promoted the increase of autophagy and lysosome formation, and enhanced the accumulation of lipid droplets and triglycerides. Compared with cells whose PPARγ function is activated, blocking autophagy before activating PPARγ will hinder lipid accumulation in STCs. Pretreatment of cells with rapamycin promoted autophagy with results similar to rosiglitazone treatment, while inhibition of autophagy with 3-methyladenine reduced lysosome and lipid accumulation. Based on these observations, we conclude that PPARγ can induce autophagy by blocking the mTOR pathway, thereby promoting the accumulation of lipid droplets and lysosomal degradation, providing an energy basis for the rapid proliferation of trophoblast cells during embryo implantation. In brief, this study partially revealed the molecular regulatory mechanism of PPARγ, mTOR pathway, and autophagy on trophoblast cell lipid metabolism, which provides a theoretical basis for further exploring the functional regulatory network of trophoblast cells during the attachment of sheep embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexing Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production/Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production/Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Hengbin Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Weibin Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Zhengrong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production/Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China
| | - Guangdong Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
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40
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Su BC, Xiao KM, Wang KL, Yang SF, Huang ZX, Luo JW. ATGL promotes colorectal cancer growth by regulating autophagy process and SIRT1 expression. Med Oncol 2023; 40:350. [PMID: 37935950 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02148-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
CRC is a common malignant tumor in the gastrointestinal tract, and its incidence has increased significantly in recent years. Several studies revealed that lipid metabolism reprogramming contributed to tumorigenicity and malignancy by interfering with energy production, membrane formation, and signal transduction in cancers. ATGL is a kind of hydroxy fatty acid ester of fatty acid synthase, and its role in tumor remains controversial. We compared levels of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) in human CRC specimens to adjacent specimens. To validate the effect of ATGL on the proliferation ability of CRC, CCK8 assay and clone formation assay were performed. To evaluate whether autophagy process takes part in the effect of ATGL on CRC proliferation, the value of LC3-II/LC3-I was detected by western blot and we blocked the SIRT1 to detect value of LC3-II/LC3-I and p62 via western blot. In the end, we detected the value of SIRT1 in CRC specimens. We found that ATGL showed high expression in CRC and positively correlated with clinical stage, indicating poor prognosis of CRC. Moreover, ATGL significantly promoted tumor cell proliferation in vitro. Mechanistically, ATGL promoted CRC cells proliferation by blocking mTOR signaling pathway and activating autophagy process. Further, ATGL regulated autophagy process through triggering SIRT1 expression. Our results reveal that ATGL promotes colorectal cancer growth by up regulating autophagy process and SIRT1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Chang Su
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Kang-Ming Xiao
- General Surgery Department, Guangzhou Zengcheng Xintang Hospital, Guangzhou, 511340, China
| | - Kang-Long Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Sheng-Fu Yang
- Department of Medical Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Zhang-Xiong Huang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Ji-Wen Luo
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Tan JX, Finkel T. Lysosomes in senescence and aging. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57265. [PMID: 37811693 PMCID: PMC10626421 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of lysosomes, the primary hydrolytic organelles in animal cells, is frequently associated with aging and age-related diseases. At the cellular level, lysosomal dysfunction is strongly linked to cellular senescence or the induction of cell death pathways. However, the precise mechanisms by which lysosomal dysfunction participates in these various cellular or organismal phenotypes have remained elusive. The ability of lysosomes to degrade diverse macromolecules including damaged proteins and organelles puts lysosomes at the center of multiple cellular stress responses. Lysosomal activity is tightly regulated by many coordinated cellular processes including pathways that function inside and outside of the organelle. Here, we collectively classify these coordinated pathways as the lysosomal processing and adaptation system (LYPAS). We review evidence that the LYPAS is upregulated by diverse cellular stresses, its adaptability regulates senescence and cell death decisions, and it can form the basis for therapeutic manipulation for a wide range of age-related diseases and potentially for aging itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Xiaojun Tan
- Aging InstituteUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine/University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA
- Department of Cell BiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Toren Finkel
- Aging InstituteUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine/University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
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Stuard Sambhariya W, Trautmann IJ, Robertson DM. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 mediates hyperosmolar stress-induced mitophagy through the mechanistic target of rapamycin. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105239. [PMID: 37690686 PMCID: PMC10637961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperosmolarity of the ocular surface triggers inflammation and pathological damage in dry eye disease (DED). In addition to a reduction in quality of life, DED causes vision loss and when severe, blindness. Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs as a consequence of hyperosmolar stress. We have previously reported on a role for the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in the regulation of mitochondrial ultrastructure and metabolism in mucosal surface epithelial cells; however, this appears to be context-specific. Due to the finding that IGFBP-3 expression is decreased in response to hyperosmolar stress in vitro and in an animal model of DED, we next sought to determine whether the hyperosmolar stress-mediated decrease in IGFBP-3 alters mitophagy, a key mitochondrial quality control mechanism. Here we show that hyperosmolar stress induces mitophagy through differential regulation of BNIP3L/NIX and PINK1-mediated pathways. In corneal epithelial cells, this was independent of p62. The addition of exogenous IGFBP-3 abrogated the increase in mitophagy. This occurred through regulation of mTOR, highlighting the existence of a new IGFBP-3-mTOR signaling pathway. Together, these findings support a novel role for IGFBP-3 in mediating mitochondrial quality control in DED and have broad implications for epithelial tissues subject to hyperosmolar stress and other mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Stuard Sambhariya
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ian J Trautmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Danielle M Robertson
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
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Fan X, Wang Y, Tang C, Zhang X, He J, Buttino I, Yan X, Liao Z. Metabolic profiling of Mytilus coruscus mantle in response of shell repairing under acute acidification. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293565. [PMID: 37889901 PMCID: PMC10610157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mytilus coruscus is an economically important marine bivalve mollusk found in the Yangtze River estuary, which experiences dramatic pH fluctuations due to seasonal freshwater input and suffer from shell fracture or injury in the natural environment. In this study, we used intact-shell and damaged-shell M. coruscus and performed metabolomic analysis, free amino acids analysis, calcium-positive staining, and intracellular calcium level tests in the mantle to investigate whether the mantle-specific metabolites can be induced by acute sea-water acidification and understand how the mantle responds to acute acidification during the shell repair process. We observed that both shell damage and acute acidification induced alterations in phospholipids, amino acids, nucleotides, organic acids, benzenoids, and their analogs and derivatives. Glycylproline, spicamycin, and 2-aminoheptanoic acid (2-AHA) are explicitly induced by shell damage. Betaine, aspartate, and oxidized glutathione are specifically induced by acute acidification. Our results show different metabolic patterns in the mussel mantle in response to different stressors, which can help elucidate the shell repair process under ocean acidification. furthermore, metabolic processes related to energy supply, cell function, signal transduction, and amino acid synthesis are disturbed by shell damage and/or acute acidification, indicating that both shell damage and acute acidification increased energy consumption, and disturb phospholipid synthesis, osmotic regulation, and redox balance. Free amino acid analysis and enzymatic activity assays partially confirmed our findings, highlighting the adaptation of M. coruscus to dramatic pH fluctuations in the Yangtze River estuary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Fan
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan City, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan City, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changsheng Tang
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan City, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan City, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianyu He
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan City, Zhejiang, China
| | - Isabella Buttino
- Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Rome, Italy
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan City, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi Liao
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan City, Zhejiang, China
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44
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Liao Z, Liu F, Wang Y, Fan X, Li Y, He J, Buttino I, Yan X, Zhang X, Shi G. Transcriptomic response of Mytilus coruscus mantle to acute sea water acidification and shell damage. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1289655. [PMID: 37954445 PMCID: PMC10639161 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1289655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mytilus coruscus is an economically important marine calcifier living in the Yangtze River estuary sea area, where seasonal fluctuations in natural pH occur owing to freshwater input, resulting in a rapid reduction in seawater pH. In addition, Mytilus constantly suffers from shell fracture or injury in the natural environment, and the shell repair mechanisms in mussels have evolved to counteract shell injury. Therefore, we utilized shell-complete and shell-damaged Mytilus coruscus in this study and performed transcriptomic analysis of the mantle to investigate whether the expression of mantle-specific genes can be induced by acute seawater acidification and how the mantle responds to acute acidification during the shell repair process. We found that acute acidification induced more differentially expressed genes than shell damage in the mantle, and the biomineralization-related Gene Ontology terms and KEGG pathways were significantly enriched by these DEGs. Most DEGs were upregulated in enriched pathways, indicating the activation of biomineralization-related processes in the mussel mantle under acute acidification. The expression levels of some shell matrix proteins and antimicrobial peptides increased under acute acidification and/or shell damage, suggesting the molecular modulation of the mantle for the preparation and activation of the shell repairing and anti-infection under adverse environmental conditions. In addition, morphological and microstructural analyses were performed for the mantle edge and shell cross-section, and changes in the mantle secretory capacity and shell inner film system induced by the two stressors were observed. Our findings highlight the adaptation of M. coruscus in estuarine areas with dramatic fluctuations in pH and may prove instrumental in its ability to survive ocean acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Liao
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojun Fan
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingao Li
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianyu He
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Isabella Buttino
- Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Livorno, Italy
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ge Shi
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
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45
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Fang Z, Shen G, Amin N, Lou C, Wang C, Fang M. Effects of Neuroinflammation and Autophagy on the Structure of the Blood-Brain Barrier in ADHD Model. Neuroscience 2023; 530:17-25. [PMID: 37625689 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) are the most common animal model used to study attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The purpose of this study was to look at the impact of neuroinflammation and autophagy on blood-brain barrier function in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of ADHD rats. The rats were separated into three groups: juvenile SHR (6 weeks), mature SHR (12 weeks), and comparable age WKY groups. An open-field test was used to assess rats' ability to move on their own. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the Iba1-immunopositive microglia, ZO-1 and TNF-α. Meanwhile, the expression of p62, Beclin-1, LC3B, and MMP9, MMP2, TNF-α, ZO-1, and occludin were detected by Western blot. The results have shown that Iba1-immunopositive microglia and TNF-α protein in the brain of SHR rats were significantly increased. Moreover, autophagy of cells and the level of MMP2 and MPP9 in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus increased in SHR rats. In addition, the expression of ZO-1 and occludin was decreased in SHR rats. To sum up, the increase of neuroinflammation and excessive autophagy were essential factors for the damage of blood-brain barrier structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanglu Fang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guanghong Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nashwa Amin
- Institute of System Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Egypt
| | - Chengjian Lou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322022, China
| | - Changxing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Marong Fang
- Institute of System Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
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Ma Y, Su Z, Chen F, Xu C, Jiang K, An W, Zhang G, Xie D, Wang S, Dong Y, Li Y. Terrestrial Compound Protein Replacing Dietary Fishmeal Improved Digestive Enzyme Activity, Immune Response, Intestinal Microflora Composition, and Protein Metabolism of Golden Pompano ( Trachinotus ovatus). AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:2716724. [PMID: 37829512 PMCID: PMC10567510 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2716724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial compound protein (Cpro) can be potentially used to replace fishmeal (FM) in the marine carnivorous teleost, golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus). Four isonitrogenous (45%) and isolipidic (12%) diets named FM30, AP80, PP80, and CP80 were formulated. FM30 (control) contained 30% FM and 25% basic protein, while AP80, PP80, and CP80 only contained 6% FM, where 80% FM and 25% basic protein of control diet were completely replaced by animal protein, plant protein, and Cpro, respectively. After golden pompano juveniles (initial weight: 10.32 ± 0.09 g) were, respectively, fed the four diets in floating sea cages for 10 weeks, the growth performance, intestinal digestive enzyme activity, and immune responses, protein metabolism indices of the CP80 group were similar to or better than those of the FM30 group (P > 0.05), and significantly better than those of the AP80 and PP80 groups. Specifically, the weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), activity of alanine transaminase (ALT), growth hormone (GH), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) contents of serum, mRNA level of interleukin-10 (il-10), zonula occludens-2 (zo-2), claudin-3, claudin-12, and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G (eif4g) were significantly higher, and the activity of α-amylase (AMS), lipase (LPS) in the foregut and midgut, interleukin-8 (il-8) expression in the intestine was significantly lower than that in the CP80 group, compared with those in AP80 and PP80 groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, the intestinal microflora composition of golden pompano fed with the CP80 diet was improved. Specifically, at the phylum level, the relative abundance of harmful bacterial strains cyanobacteria and TM7 of CP80 group was similar to those of FM30 group (P > 0.05), but was significantly lower than those of AP80 and PP80 groups (P < 0.05). At the genus level, the beneficial bacterial strains Agrobacterium and Blantia of CP80 group were also similar to those of FM30 group (P < 0.05), which were significantly higher than those of AP80 and PP80 groups, but the beneficial bacterial strains Bifidobacterium and Devosia of CP80 group were significantly higher than that in the other groups (P < 0.05). Besides, in diet CP80, the contents of amino acids and anti-nutritional factor, as well as the in vitro digestion rate were comparable to those of FM30, and the anti-nutritional factor content was between AP80 and PP80; total essential amino acids (EAAs) and methionine contents were higher than those in AP80, the glycine content was higher than that in PP80. Taken together, these results indicated that the CP80 diet had better amino acid composition and relatively low content of anti-nutritional factors, as well as high-digestion rate, and thus leads to the fish fed CP80 displaying improved effects in digestive enzyme activity, immune response, protein metabolism, and intestinal microbiota composition, which may be the important reasons to explain why that 80% of FM can be replaced by Cpro in the diet of golden pompano.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongcai Ma
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zeliang Su
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chao Xu
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kunsheng Jiang
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenqiang An
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guanrong Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dizhi Xie
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yewei Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology of Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yuanyou Li
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Zhang Y, Ma L, Yan Y, Zhao L, Han S, Wu D, Borlongan CV, Li J, Ji X. cPKCγ-Modulated Autophagy Contributes to Ischemic Preconditioning-Induced Neuroprotection in Mice with Ischemic Stroke via mTOR-ULK1 Pathway. Transl Stroke Res 2023; 14:790-801. [PMID: 36214939 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neuron-specific conventional protein kinase C (cPKC)γ mediates cerebral hypoxic preconditioning (HPC). In parallel, autophagy plays a prosurvival role in ischemic preconditioning (IPC) against ischemic stroke. However, the effect of cPKCγ on autophagy in IPC still remains to be addressed. In this study, adult and postnatal 1-day-old C57BL/6 J wild-type (cPKCγ+/+) and knockout (cPKCγ-/-) mice were used to establish in vivo and in vitro IPC models. The results showed that IPC pretreatment alleviated neuronal damage caused by lethal ischemia, which could be suppressed by autophagy inhibitor 3-MA or bafilomycin A1. Meanwhile, cPKCγ knockout blocked IPC-induced neuroprotection, accompanied by significant increase of LC3-I to LC3-II conversion and Beclin 1 protein level, and a significant decrease in p62 protein level. Immunofluorescent staining results showed a decrease of LC3 puncta numbers in IPC-treated cPKCγ+/+ neurons with fatal ischemia, which was reversed in cPKCγ-/- neurons. In addition, cPKCγ-modulated phosphorylation of mTOR at Ser 2448 and ULK1 at Ser 555, rather than p-Thr-172 AMPK, was detected in IPC-pretreated neurons upon lethal ischemic exposure. The present data demonstrated that cPKCγ-modulated autophagy via the mTOR-ULK1 pathway likely modulated IPC-induced neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, #10 You An Men Wai Xi Tou Tiao, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, 100053, China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Longhui Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, #10 You An Men Wai Xi Tou Tiao, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yi Yan
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, #10 You An Men Wai Xi Tou Tiao, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, #10 You An Men Wai Xi Tou Tiao, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Song Han
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, #10 You An Men Wai Xi Tou Tiao, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Di Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, 100053, China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Junfa Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, #10 You An Men Wai Xi Tou Tiao, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Xunming Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
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48
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Sharma A, Singh AK. Molecular mechanism of caloric restriction mimetics-mediated neuroprotection of age-related neurodegenerative diseases: an emerging therapeutic approach. Biogerontology 2023; 24:679-708. [PMID: 37428308 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10045-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Aging-induced neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are significantly increasing health problem worldwide. It has been well documented that oxidative stress is one of the potential causes of aging and age-related NDs. There are no drugs for the treatment of NDs, therefore there is an immediate necessity for the development of strategies/treatments either to prevent or cure age-related NDs. Caloric restriction (CR) and intermittent fasting have been considered as effective strategies in increasing the healthspan and lifespan, but it is difficult to adhere to these routines strictly, which has led to the development of calorie restriction mimetics (CRMs). CRMs are natural compounds that provide similar molecular and biochemical effects of CR, and activate autophagy process. CRMs have been reported to regulate redox signaling by enhancing the antioxidant defense systems through activation of the Nrf2 pathway, and inhibiting ROS generation through attenuation of mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, CRMs also regulate redox-sensitive signaling pathways such as the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways to promote neuronal cell survival. Here, we discuss the neuroprotective effects of various CRMs at molecular and cellular levels during aging of the brain. The CRMs are envisaged to become a cornerstone of the pharmaceutical arsenal against aging and age-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorv Sharma
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology and Neurosciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar Singh
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology and Neurosciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India.
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Tu W, Cao YW, Sun M, Liu Q, Zhao HG. mTOR signaling in hair follicle and hair diseases: recent progress. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1209439. [PMID: 37727765 PMCID: PMC10506410 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1209439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is a major regulator of cell proliferation and metabolism, playing significant roles in proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, and illness. More and more evidences showed that the mTOR signaling pathway affects hair follicle circulation and maintains the stability of hair follicle stem cells. mTOR signaling may be a critical cog in Vitamin D receptor (VDR) deficiency-mediated hair follicle damage and degeneration and related alopecia disorders. This review examines the function of mTOR signaling in hair follicles and hair diseases, and talks about the underlying molecular mechanisms that mTOR signaling regulates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Heng-Guang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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50
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He J, Zhang HP. Research progress on the anti-tumor effect of Naringin. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1217001. [PMID: 37663256 PMCID: PMC10469811 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1217001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Naringin is a kind of natural dihydro flavone, which mainly exists in citrus fruits of the Rutaceae family, as well as traditional Chinese medicines such as trifoliate orange, fingered citron, exocarpium citri grandis, and rhizoma dynamite. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Naringin has excellent anti-tumor activity. Through reviewing the relevant literature at home and abroad in recent years, we summarized the pharmacological mechanism of Naringin to play an anti-cancer role in blocking tumor cell cycle, inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, inducing tumor cell apoptosis, inhibiting tumor cell invasion and metastasis, inducing tumor cell autophagy, reversing tumor cell drug resistance and enhancing chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity, as well as anti-inflammatory to prevent canceration, alleviate Adverse drug reaction of chemotherapy, activate and strengthen immunity, It provides theoretical basis and reference basis for further exploring the anticancer potential of Naringin and its further development and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hui-Ping Zhang
- Oncology Department, Jinan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Jinan, China
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