1
|
Petit P, Gandon G, Chabardès S, Bonneterre V. Agricultural activities and risk of central nervous system tumors among French farm managers: Results from the TRACTOR project. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:1737-1749. [PMID: 35781883 PMCID: PMC9796624 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of central nervous system (CNS) tumors is complex and involves many suspected risk factors. Scientific evidence remains insufficient, in particular in the agricultural field. The goal of our study was to investigate associations between agricultural activities and CNS tumors in the entire French farm manager workforce using data from the TRACTOR project. The TRACTOR project hold a large administrative health database covering the entire French agricultural workforce, over the period 2002-2016, on the whole French metropolitan territory. Associations were estimated for 26 activities and CNS tumors using Cox proportional hazards model, with time to first CNS tumor insurance declaration as the underlying timescale, adjusting for sex, age and geographical area. There were 1017 cases among 1 036 069 farm managers, including 317 meningiomas and 479 gliomas. Associations varied with tumor types, sex and types of crop and animal farming. Analyses showed several increased risks of CNS tumors, in particular for animal farming. The main increases in risk were observed for meningioma in mixed dairy and cow farming (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09-2.81) and glioma in pig farming (HR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.37-3.80). Our study brings new insights on the association of a wide range of agricultural activities and CNS tumor and subtype-specific risks in farm managers. Although these findings need to be corroborated in further studies and should be interpreted cautiously, they could have implications for enhancing CNS tumor surveillance in agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Petit
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMCGrenobleFrance
| | - Gérald Gandon
- CHU Grenoble AlpesOccupational Diseases CenterGrenobleFrance
| | - Stéphan Chabardès
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut NeurosciencesGrenobleFrance
| | - Vincent Bonneterre
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMCGrenobleFrance
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Risk Factors for Brain Health in Agricultural Work: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063373. [PMID: 35329061 PMCID: PMC8954905 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Certain exposures related to agricultural work have been associated with neurological disorders. To date, few studies have included brain health measurements to link specific risk factors with possible neural mechanisms. Moreover, a synthesis of agricultural risk factors associated with poorer brain health outcomes is missing. In this systematic review, we identified 106 articles using keywords related to agriculture, occupational exposure, and the brain. We identified seven major risk factors: non-specific factors that are associated with agricultural work itself, toluene, pesticides, heavy metal or dust exposure, work with farm animals, and nicotine exposure from plants. Of these, pesticides are the most highly studied. The majority of qualifying studies were epidemiological studies. Nigral striatal regions were the most well studied brain area impacted. Of the three human neuroimaging studies we found, two focused on functional networks and the third focused on gray matter. We identified two major directions for future studies that will help inform preventative strategies for brain health in vulnerable agricultural workers: (1) the effects of moderators such as type of work, sex, migrant status, race, and age; and (2) more comprehensive brain imaging studies, both observational and experimental, involving several imaging techniques.
Collapse
|
3
|
Farming, Pesticides, and Brain Cancer: A 20-Year Updated Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174477. [PMID: 34503287 PMCID: PMC8431399 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Twenty additional years of epidemiologic literature have become available since the publication of two meta-analyses on farming and brain cancer in 1998. The current systematic literature review and meta-analysis extends previous research and harmonizes findings. A random effects model was used to calculate meta-effect estimates from 52 studies (51 articles or reports), including 11 additional studies since 1998. Forty of the 52 studies reported positive associations between farming and brain cancer with effect estimates ranging from 1.03 to 6.53. The overall meta-risk estimate was 1.13 (95% CI = 1.06, 1.21), suggesting that farming is associated with a 13% increase in risk of brain cancer morbidity or mortality. Farming among white populations was associated with a higher risk of brain cancer than among non-white populations. Livestock farming (meta-RR = 1.34; 95% CI = 1.18, 1.53) was associated with a greater risk compared with crop farming (meta-RR = 1.13; 95% CI = 0.97, 1.30). Farmers with documented exposure to pesticides had greater than a 20% elevated risk of brain cancer. Despite heterogeneity among studies, we conclude that the synthesis of evidence from 40 years of epidemiologic literature supports an association between brain cancer and farming with its potential for exposure to chemical pesticides.
Collapse
|
4
|
Piel C, Pouchieu C, Tual S, Migault L, Lemarchand C, Carles C, Boulanger M, Gruber A, Rondeau V, Marcotullio E, Lebailly P, Baldi I. Central nervous system tumors and agricultural exposures in the prospective cohort AGRICAN. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:1771-1782. [PMID: 28685816 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Studies in farmers suggest a possible role of pesticides in the occurrence of Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors but scientific evidence is still insufficient. Using data from the French prospective agricultural cohort AGRICAN (Agriculture & Cancer), we investigated the associations between exposure of farmers and pesticide users to various kinds of crops and animal farming and the incidence of CNS tumors, overall and by subtypes. Over the 2005-2007, 181,842 participants completed the enrollment questionnaire that collected a complete job calendar with lifetime history of farming types. Associations were estimated using proportional hazards models with age as underlying timescale. During a 5.2 years average follow-up, 273 incident cases of CNS tumors occurred, including 126 gliomas and 87 meningiomas. Analyses showed several increased risks of CNS tumors in farmers, especially in pesticide users (hazard ratio = 1.96; 95% confidence interval: 1.11-3.47). Associations varied with tumor subtypes and kinds of crop and animal farming. The main increases in risk were observed for meningiomas in pig farmers and in farmers growing sunflowers, beets and potatoes and for gliomas in farmers growing grasslands. In most cases, more pronounced risk excesses were observed among pesticide applicators. Even if we cannot completely rule out the contribution of other factors, pesticide exposures could be of primary concern to explain these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clément Piel
- EPICENE team, ISPED, Unit U1219 INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Camille Pouchieu
- EPICENE team, ISPED, Unit U1219 INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Registre des tumeurs primitives du système nerveux central de la Gironde, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Séverine Tual
- INSERM, UMR 1086 Cancers et Préventions, Caen, France.,Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France.,Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Lucile Migault
- EPICENE team, ISPED, Unit U1219 INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Clémentine Lemarchand
- INSERM, UMR 1086 Cancers et Préventions, Caen, France.,Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France.,Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Camille Carles
- EPICENE team, ISPED, Unit U1219 INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Medecine du Travail et de Pathologies Professionnelles, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathilde Boulanger
- INSERM, UMR 1086 Cancers et Préventions, Caen, France.,Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France.,Service de Pathologie professionnelle, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Anne Gruber
- EPICENE team, ISPED, Unit U1219 INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Registre des tumeurs primitives du système nerveux central de la Gironde, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Virginie Rondeau
- EPICENE team, ISPED, Unit U1219 INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Elisabeth Marcotullio
- Caisse Centrale de la Mutualité Sociale Agricole, Direction de la santé sécurité au travail, Bagnolet, France
| | - Pierre Lebailly
- INSERM, UMR 1086 Cancers et Préventions, Caen, France.,Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France.,Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Isabelle Baldi
- EPICENE team, ISPED, Unit U1219 INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Registre des tumeurs primitives du système nerveux central de la Gironde, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Medecine du Travail et de Pathologies Professionnelles, Bordeaux, France
| | -
- Arveux P (Registre des Cancers du Sein et Cancers Gynécologiques de Côte d'Or), Bara S (Registre Général des Cancers de la Manche), Bouvier AM (Registre Bourguignon des cancers Digestifs), Busquet T (MSA Gironde), Colonna M (Registre Général des Cancers de l'Isère), Coureau G (Registre Général des Cancers de la Gironde), Delanoë M (MSA Midi Pyrénées Nord), Grosclaude P (Registre Général des Cancers du Tarn), Guizard AV (Registre Général des Tumeurs du Calvados), Herbrecht P (MSA Alsace), Laplante JJ (MSA Franche Comté), Lapôtre-Ledoux B (Registre Général des Cancers de la Somme), Launoy G (Registre des tumeurs digestives du Calvados), Lenoir D (MSA Bourgogne), Marrer E (Registre Général des cancers du Haut-Rhin), Maynadié M (Registre des Hémopathies Malignes Côte d'Or), Molinié F (Registre Général de la Loire-Atlantique et Vendée), Monnereau A (Registre des Hémopathies Malignes de la Gironde), Paumier A (MSA Picardie), Pouzet P (MSA Côtes Normandes), Thibaudier JM (MSA Alpes du Nord).Troussard X (Registre Régional des Hémopathies Malignes de Basse Normandie), Velten M (Registre Général des Cancers du Bas-Rhin), Wavelet E (MSA Loire Atlantique-Vendée), Woronoff AS (Registre général des tumeurs du Doubs)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gittleman H, Cote DJ, Ostrom QT, Kruchko C, Smith TR, Claus EB, Barnholtz-Sloan JS. Do race and age vary in non-malignant central nervous system tumor incidences in the United States? J Neurooncol 2017; 134:269-277. [PMID: 28667594 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2543-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological analyses of many cancers have demonstrated differences in incidence and outcome for patients from different racial backgrounds. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of non-malignant CNS tumors by race and age to identify incidence variance. Data from the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS) from 2009 to 2013 were used to calculate age-adjusted incidence rates (IR) per 100,000 population and 95% confidence intervals for selected tumors overall, by race, age group, and race stratified by age group. In those aged 0-14 years, Whites had significantly greater IR of neuronal and mixed neuronal-glial tumors (IR = 0.37) compared to Others (IR = 0.26) and Blacks (IR = 0.24). In those 15-39 years, Blacks had significantly greater IR of tumors of the pituitary (IR = 3.80) than Others (IR = 3.29) and Whites (IR = 3.15), and significantly greater IR of grade I meningioma (IR = 1.93) than Whites (IR = 1.59) and Others (IR = 1.21). In those 40 years and older, Blacks had significantly greater IR of grade I meningioma (IR = 19.16) compared to Whites (IR = 15.77) and Others (IR = 15.32), and significantly greater IR of tumors of the pituitary (IR = 10.47) than Others (IR = 5.85) and Whites (IR = 4.99). Others had significantly greater IR of nerve sheath tumors (IR = 4.00) compared to Whites (IR = 3.46) and Blacks (IR = 1.64). The incidence of non-malignant CNS tumors differs significantly by race and age in the USA. These differences may contribute to previously-described health outcome disparities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haley Gittleman
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, IL, USA
| | - David J Cote
- Cushing Neurosurgical Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Quinn T Ostrom
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, IL, USA
| | - Carol Kruchko
- Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, IL, USA
| | - Timothy R Smith
- Cushing Neurosurgical Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Claus
- Cushing Neurosurgical Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim SJH, Ioannides SJ, Elwood JM. Trends in incidence of primary brain cancer in New Zealand, 1995 to 2010. Aust N Z J Public Health 2015; 39:148-52. [PMID: 25715883 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Case-control studies have linked mobile phone use to an increased risk of glioma in the most exposed brain areas, the temporal and parietal lobes, although inconsistently. We examined time trends in the incidence rates of brain malignancies in New Zealand from 1995 to 2010. METHODS Data from the New Zealand Cancer Registry was used to calculate incidence rates of primary brain cancer, by age, gender, morphology and anatomical site. Log-linear regression analysis was used to assess trends in the annual incidence of primary brain cancer; annual percentage changes and their 95% confidence intervals were estimated. RESULTS No consistent increases in all primary brain cancer, glioma, or temporal or parietal lobe glioma were seen. At ages 10-69, the incidence of all brain cancers declined significantly. Incidence of glioma increased at ages over 70. CONCLUSION In New Zealand, there has been no consistent increase in incidence rates of primary brain cancers. An increase in glioma at ages over 70 is likely to be due to improvements in diagnosis. As with any such studies, a small effect, or one with a latent period of more than 10 to 15 years, cannot be excluded.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stella J-H Kim
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Etxeberria J, Román ES, Burgui R, Guevara M, Moreno-Iribas C, Urbina MJ, Ardanaz E. Brain and central nervous system cancer incidence in navarre (Spain), 1973-2008 and projections for 2014. J Cancer 2015; 6:177-83. [PMID: 25561983 PMCID: PMC4280401 DOI: 10.7150/jca.10482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Different studies have pointed out Navarre as one of the regions of Spain with the highest incidence rates of brain and other central nervous system (CNS) cancer. Trend analysis for cancer incidence rates for long periods of time, might help determining risk factors as well as, assessing prevention actions involved in this disease. The objective of this study was to describe the incidence of brain and CNS cancer using data from the population-based cancer registry of Navarre, (Spain) during the period 1973-2008 and provide forecast figures up to-2014. Crude and age-standardized (world population) incidence rates of brain cancer per 100,000 person-years were calculated by the direct method separately by gender, area (Pamplona and others), and age-groups. Penalized splines for smoothing rates in the temporal dimensions were applied in order to estimate and forecast cancer incidence rates. Age-adjusted incidence rates showed an increase over the study and forecast periods in both sexes more marked in women than in men. Higher incidence rates were observed in men compared with women but the differences became smaller with time. The increase was due to the rise of rates in the oldest age groups since the rates for younger age groups remained stable or decreased over time. As the entire aetiology of brain and other CNS cancer is not still clear, keep promoting healthful lifestyles for cancer primary prevention among the whole population is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Etxeberria
- 1. Department of Statistics and O. R., Public University of Navarre, Spain. ; 3. CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - E San Román
- 2. Epidemiology Unit, Navarre Public Health Institute, Spain
| | - R Burgui
- 2. Epidemiology Unit, Navarre Public Health Institute, Spain. ; 3. CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - M Guevara
- 2. Epidemiology Unit, Navarre Public Health Institute, Spain. ; 3. CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - C Moreno-Iribas
- 2. Epidemiology Unit, Navarre Public Health Institute, Spain. ; 4. Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Spain
| | - M J Urbina
- 2. Epidemiology Unit, Navarre Public Health Institute, Spain
| | - E Ardanaz
- 2. Epidemiology Unit, Navarre Public Health Institute, Spain. ; 3. CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Crump C, Sundquist J, Sieh W, Winkleby MA, Sundquist K. Perinatal and familial risk factors for brain tumors in childhood through young adulthood. Cancer Res 2014; 75:576-83. [PMID: 25511376 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal factors, including high birth weight, have been associated with childhood brain tumors in case-control studies. However, the specific contributions of gestational age and fetal growth remain unknown, and these issues have never been examined in large cohort studies with follow-up into adulthood. We conducted a national cohort study of 3,571,574 persons born in Sweden in 1973-2008, followed up for brain tumor incidence through 2010 (maximum age 38 years) to examine perinatal and familial risk factors. There were 2,809 brain tumors in 69.7 million person-years of follow-up. After adjusting for potential confounders, significant risk factors for brain tumors included high fetal growth [incidence rate ratio (IRR) per additional 1 SD, 1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-1.08, P = 0.02], first-degree family history of a brain tumor (IRR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.86-3.18, P < 0.001), parental country of birth (IRR for both parents born in Sweden vs. other countries, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.09-1.35, P < 0.001), and high maternal education level (Ptrend = 0.01). These risk factors did not vary by age at diagnosis. The association with high fetal growth appeared to involve pilocytic astrocytomas, but not other astrocytomas, medulloblastomas, or ependymomas. Gestational age at birth, birth order, multiple birth, and parental age were not associated with brain tumors. In this large cohort study, high fetal growth was associated with an increased risk of brain tumors (particularly pilocytic astrocytomas) independently of gestational age, not only in childhood but also into young adulthood, suggesting that growth factor pathways may play an important long-term role in the etiology of certain brain tumor subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Casey Crump
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden. Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Weiva Sieh
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Marilyn A Winkleby
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden. Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Braun CMJ, Roberge C. Gender-related protection from or vulnerability to severe CNS diseases: gonado-structural and/or gonado-activational? A meta-analysis of relevant epidemiological studies. Int J Dev Neurosci 2014; 38:36-51. [PMID: 25109841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A vast scientific literature has dealt with gender-specific risk for brain disorder. That field is evolving toward a consensus to the effect that the estrogen hormone family is outstandingly and uniquely neuroprotective. However, the epidemiology relevant to this general outlook remains piecemeal. METHOD The present investigation strategically formats the relevant epidemiological findings around the world in order to quantitatively meta-analyze gender ratio of risk for a variety of relevant severe central nervous system (CNS) diseases at all three gonadal stages of the life cycle, pre pubertal, post adolescent/pre menopausal, and post menopausal. RESULTS The data quantitatively establish that (1) no single epidemiological study should be cited as evidence of gender-specific neuroprotection against the most common severe CNS diseases because the gender-specific risk ratios are contradictory from one study to the other; (2) risk for severe CNS disease is indeed significantly gender-specific, but either gender can be protected: it depends on the disease, not at all on the age bracket. CONCLUSION Our assay of gender-specific risk for severe brain disease around the world has not been able to support the idea according to which any one gender-prevalent gonadal steroid hormone dominates as a neuroprotective agent at natural concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claude M J Braun
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada.
| | - Carl Roberge
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Keegan TJ, Bunch KJ, Vincent TJ, King JC, O'Neill KA, Kendall GM, MacCarthy A, Fear NT, Murphy MFG. Case-control study of paternal occupation and social class with risk of childhood central nervous system tumours in Great Britain, 1962-2006. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:1907-14. [PMID: 23612452 PMCID: PMC3658514 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paternal occupational exposures have been proposed as a risk factor for childhood central nervous system (CNS) tumours. This study investigates possible associations between paternal occupational exposure and childhood CNS tumours in Great Britain. METHODS The National Registry of Childhood Tumours provided all cases of childhood CNS tumours born and diagnosed in Great Britain from 1962 to 2006. Controls without cancer were matched on sex, period of birth and birth registration sub-district. Fathers' occupations were assigned to one or more of 33 exposure groups. A measure of social class was also derived from father's occupation at the time of the child's birth. RESULTS Of 11 119 cases of CNS tumours, 5 722 (51%) were astrocytomas or other gliomas, 2 286 (21%) were embryonal and 985 (9%) were ependymomas. There was an increased risk for CNS tumours overall with exposure to animals, odds ratio (OR) 1.40 (95% confidence intervals (CIs) 1.01, 1.94) and, after adjustment for occupational social class (OSC), with exposure to lead, OR 1.18 (1.01, 1.39). Exposure to metal-working oil mists was associated with reduced risk of CNS tumours, both before and after adjustment for OSC, OR 0.87 (0.75, 0.99).Risk of ependymomas was raised for exposure to solvents, OR 1.73 (1.02,2.92). For astrocytomas and other gliomas, risk was raised with high social contact, although this was only statistically significant before adjustment for OSC, OR 1.15 (1.01,1.31). Exposure to paints and metals appeared to reduce the risk of astrocytomas and embryonal tumours, respectively. However, as these results were the result of a number of statistical tests, it is possible they were generated by chance.Higher social class was a risk factor for all CNS tumours, OR 0.97 (0.95, 0.99). This was driven by increased risk for higher social classes within the major subtype astrocytoma, OR 0.95 (0.91, 0.98). CONCLUSION Our results provide little evidence that paternal occupation is a significant risk factor for childhood CNS tumours, either overall or for specific subtypes. However, these analyses suggest that OSC of the father may be associated with risk of some childhood CNS cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T J Keegan
- Furness Building, Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, LA1 4YG Lancaster, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Plascak JJ, Fisher JL. Area-based socioeconomic position and adult glioma: a hierarchical analysis of surveillance epidemiology and end results data. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60910. [PMID: 23585860 PMCID: PMC3622005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma rates vary by demographic factors and geo-political boundaries and this variation suggests higher glioma rates in groups of higher socioeconomic position. The primary goal of this analysis is to investigate the relationship between glioma and county socioeconomic position using U.S. Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data. METHODS Cases were individuals 25+ years diagnosed with glioma between 2000 and 2006 and residing within the SEER-17 catchment area. County-, sex-, race-, age-specific rates were created in order to investigate individual-level associations (population data from U.S. Census 2000). A Bayesian hierarchical Poisson spatial conditionally autoregressive (CAR) model was utilized to simultaneously estimate individual- and county-level associations while controlling for county spatial dependence. RESULTS Those residing in counties of the second, third, and fourth highest quartiles of socioeconomic position have glioma incidence rates that are 1.10 (95% CI: 1.02,1.19), 1.11 (95% CI: 1.02,1.20), 1.14 (95% CI: 1.05,1.23) times that of the first quartile, respectively. A CAR model properly controlled for error spatial dependence. Investigated lag times suggest year 2000 census data yields superior model fit. CONCLUSION Demographically adjusted rates of glioma are elevated in counties of higher socioeconomic position. More well-grounded theory concerning the glioma-socioeconomic position association along with socioeconomic data collected at multiple levels is recommended for future studies investigating this relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse J. Plascak
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - James L. Fisher
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cabaniols C, Giorgi R, Chinot O, Ferahta N, Spinelli V, Alla P, Barrie M, Lehucher-Michel MP. Links between private habits, psychological stress and brain cancer: a case-control pilot study in France. J Neurooncol 2010; 103:307-16. [PMID: 20835749 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-010-0388-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have increasingly suggested that medical history and lifestyle factors could be involved in the increase of cancer risk in adults. The issue whether psychological factors can influence the development of cancer has been discussed for many years. In the field of brain cancer, psychological stress has not so far been investigated. We conducted a French case-control pilot study with 122 adult incident cases and 122 controls free of any cancer diagnosis, matched for age and gender, to investigate links between malignant primitive brain tumours (MPBT) and medical history, private habits and psychological stress. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires, and person-to-person interviews. To complete the psychological stress assessment, 100-mm visual analog scales were used. After adjustment for confounders, we found no significant effect of head trauma, aspartame, tobacco or alcohol consumption, place (rural or urban) of residence, sociodemographic data, and experience of psychological stress at work/home. Our results showed a significant association between MPBT risk and major life events over the past 5 years before diagnosis (OR = 1.90, 95% CI 1.13-3.20), family histories of cancer (OR = 1.90, 95% CI 1.12-3.22), fresh vegetable and fruit intake (OR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.09-0.95), and skipped meals several times per week (OR = 0.35, 95% CI 0.16-0.77). The present study suggests the role of genetic factors in glioma risk, and also suggests that an acute and sudden psychological stress might influence MPBT appearance. Additional large clinical studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cécilia Cabaniols
- EA3279, Evaluation Hospitalière et Santé Perçue, Université de la Méditerranée, et Unité de Consultation de Pathologie Professionnelle, Hôpital Timone Adultes, 264, rue Saint Pierre, 13385, Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Alexander H, Irwin C, Purdie G, Hunn M. Incidence and management of high grade glioma in Māori and non-Māori patients. J Clin Neurosci 2010; 17:1144-7. [PMID: 20576437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2010.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Revised: 01/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A retrospective analysis of 301 patients was undertaken between 1993 and 2003 to evaluate the relationship of ethnicity with incidence, treatment and survival in patients undergoing surgery for high grade glioma (HGG) in New Zealand. There was no difference in age standardised incidence of HGG in Māori compared to non-Māori patients; 4.2/100,000 person years (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.6-6.9) versus 4.1 (95% CI 3.6-4.6). Māori were more likely to have complete tumour resection (odds ratio 3.59 (95% CI 1.01-12.76)) but waited 1.32 (95% CI 0.98-1.79) times longer for radiotherapy. Median survival was 29 weeks with poorer survival in Māori compared to non-Māori (hazard ratio 1.55 [95% CI 0.95-2.55]). We concluded that the incidence of HGG in Māori is similar to non-Maori. However, Māori with HGG have higher rates of complete resection but wait longer for radiotherapy and may have poorer overall survival than non-Māori.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamish Alexander
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wellington Hospital, Capital and Coast District Health Board, Private Bag 7902, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Arora RS, Alston RD, Eden TO, Estlin EJ, Moran A, Geraci M, Birch JM. Are reported increases in incidence of primary CNS tumours real? An analysis of longitudinal trends in England, 1979–2003. Eur J Cancer 2010; 46:1607-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
15
|
Spinelli V, Chinot O, Cabaniols C, Giorgi R, Alla P, Lehucher-Michel MP. Occupational and environmental risk factors for brain cancer: a pilot case-control study in France. Presse Med 2009; 39:e35-44. [PMID: 19962851 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2009.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Revised: 06/22/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increased incidence of malignant primary brain tumors (MPBT) reported in several studies could be due to environmental factors. To estimate the chemical and physical risk factors of these tumors in southeastern France, a pilot case-control study that included all new MPBT cases diagnosed in 2005 in the main brain cancer treatment centers in the western section of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (PACA) region. MATERIAL AND METHODS Age-, sex-, and hospital-matched controls were selected from the neurosurgery department of the same hospital. An occupational physician, using a standardized questionnaire, collected information on suspected risk factors of MPBT in a face-to-face interview at the hospital of all case and control subjects. Data collected included jobs held, various exposures throughout working life, and leisure time activities. RESULTS The study included 122 cases and 122 controls. No particular job was identified as a major risk factor for brain cancer. Risk was significantly higher among those who used glue (OR=17.58, 95% CI 1.75 - 176.62) during leisure activities and significantly lower among those residing near cellular telephone towers (OR=0.49, 95% CI 0.26 - 0.92). DISCUSSION Several new hypotheses about the effects of cellular telephone towers and chemical exposure merit further analytic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Spinelli
- Consultation de Pathologie Professionnelle, Service de Médecine et Santé et Travail, Hôpital Timone Adultes, F-13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Gliomas account for more than 70% of all brain tumors, and of these, glioblastoma is the most frequent and malignant histologic type (World Health Organization [WHO] grade IV). There is a tendency toward a higher incidence of gliomas in highly developed, industrialized countries. Some reports indicate that Caucasians have a higher incidence than African or Asian populations. With the exception of pilocytic astrocytomas (WHO grade I), the prognosis of glioma patients is still poor. Fewer than 3% of glioblastoma patients are still alive at 5 years after diagnosis, older age being the most significant and consistent prognostic factor of poorer outcome. Gliomas are components of several inherited tumor syndromes, but the prevalence of these syndromes is very low. Many environmental and lifestyle factors including several occupations, environmental carcinogens, and diet have been reported to be associated with an elevated glioma risk, but the only factor unequivocally associated with an increased risk is therapeutic X-irradiation. In particular, children treated with X-irradiation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia show a significantly elevated risk of developing gliomas and primitive neuroectodermal tumors, often within 10 years after therapy. Significant correlation between G:C --> A:T transitions in the TP53 gene and promoter methylation of the O6 -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene in glio-mas have been reported in several studies, suggesting the possible involvement of O6-methylguanine DNA adducts, which may be produced by exogenous or endogenous alkylating agents in the development of gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Ohgaki
- Pathology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Schmidt LS, Nielsen H, Schmiedel S, Johansen C. Social inequality and incidence of and survival from tumours of the central nervous system in a population-based study in Denmark, 1994–2003. Eur J Cancer 2008; 44:2050-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2008.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2008] [Revised: 06/06/2008] [Accepted: 06/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
18
|
Samanic CM, De Roos AJ, Stewart PA, Rajaraman P, Waters MA, Inskip PD. Occupational exposure to pesticides and risk of adult brain tumors. Am J Epidemiol 2008; 167:976-85. [PMID: 18299277 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwm401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors examined incident glioma and meningioma risk associated with occupational exposure to insecticides and herbicides in a hospital-based, case-control study of brain cancer. Cases were 462 glioma and 195 meningioma patients diagnosed between 1994 and 1998 in three US hospitals. Controls were 765 patients admitted to the same hospitals for nonmalignant conditions. Occupational histories were collected during personal interviews. Exposure to pesticides was estimated by use of a questionnaire, combined with pesticide measurement data abstracted from published sources. Using logistic regression models, the authors found no association between insecticide and herbicide exposures and risk for glioma and meningioma. There was no association between glioma and exposure to insecticides or herbicides, in men or women. Women who reported ever using herbicides had a significantly increased risk for meningioma compared with women who never used herbicides (odds ratio = 2.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.4, 4.3), and there were significant trends of increasing risk with increasing years of herbicide exposure (p = 0.01) and increasing cumulative exposure (p = 0.01). There was no association between meningioma and herbicide or insecticide exposure among men. These findings highlight the need to go beyond job title to elucidate potential carcinogenic exposures within different occupations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudine M Samanic
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Genuis SJ. Fielding a current idea: exploring the public health impact of electromagnetic radiation. Public Health 2008; 122:113-24. [PMID: 17572456 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2007.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2006] [Revised: 01/12/2007] [Accepted: 04/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several publications in the scientific literature have raised concern about the individual and public health impact of adverse non-ionizing radiation (a-NIR) from electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure emanating from certain power, electrical and wireless devices commonly found in the home, workplace, school and community. Despite the many challenges in establishing irrefutable scientific proof of harm and the various gaps in elucidating the precise mechanisms of harm, epidemiological analyses continue to suggest considerable potential for injury and affliction as a result of a-NIR exposure. As environmental health has not been emphasized in medical education, some clinicians are not fully aware of possible EMF-related health problems and, as a result, manifestations of a-NIR may remain misdiagnosed and ineffectually managed. It is important for physicians and public health officials to be aware of the fundamental science and clinical implications of EMF exposure. A review of the scientific literature relating to the link between electromagnetic radiation and human health, several public health recommendations, and four case histories are presented for consideration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Genuis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, 2935-66 Street, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6K 4C1.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Buffler PA, Kelsh MA, Kalmes RM, Lau EC, Chapman PS, Wood SM, Brorby GP, Silva JM, Hooper HC, Rizzo BD, Wood R. A Nested Case-Control Study of Brain Tumors Among Employees at a Petroleum Exploration and Extraction Research Facility. J Occup Environ Med 2007; 49:791-802. [PMID: 17622853 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e318076b7bf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Work-related exposures potentially associated with a cluster of brain tumors at a petroleum exploration and extraction research facility were evaluated in a nested case-control study. Fifteen cases were identified in the original cohort and 150 matched controls were selected. Odds ratios (ORs) for occupational exposure to petroleum, radiation, solvents, magnetic fields, and work activities were near or below 1.0. ORs near 1.5 were observed for: working with computers (OR = 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.30-9.35); work-related travel (OR = 1.48; 95% CI = 0.25-5.95), and travel immunizations (OR = 1.62; 95% CI = 0.23-9.45). Higher ORs were observed for work in administrative and marketing buildings and for achieving a master's or higher degree (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 0.4-10.7). While some ORs above 1.5 were noted, no work-related chemical and physical exposures were significantly associated with the occurrence of brain tumors among employees at this facility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Buffler
- University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
|
23
|
Bauchet L, Rigau V, Mathieu-Daudé H, Figarella-Branger D, Hugues D, Palusseau L, Bauchet F, Fabbro M, Campello C, Capelle L, Durand A, Trétarre B, Frappaz D, Henin D, Menei P, Honnorat J, Segnarbieux F. French brain tumor data bank: Methodology and first results on 10,000 cases. J Neurooncol 2007; 84:189-99. [PMID: 17431547 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-007-9356-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2007] [Accepted: 02/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This work aims to prospectively record all primary central nervous system tumors (PCNST), in France, for which histological diagnosis is available. The objectives are to create a national registry and a network to perform epidemiological studies, to implement clinical and basic research protocols, and to harmonize the healthcare of patients affected by PCNST. Following a feasibility study, including an estimate of the gross incidence of PCNST (15.8/100,000 person-years) in France, all French neuropathology and neurosurgery departments decided to participate in the program. For each patient, the neurosurgeon and the neuropathologist complete a data file containing socio-demographic, clinical, radiologic and anatomopathologic information. The Tumor Registry from Herault is authorized to compile the data files with personal identifiers. In 2.5 years, 10,093 cases of newly diagnosed PCNST have been recorded. Tumor resections were performed in 75.3%, while biopsies accounted for 24.7%. Histological diagnoses included glioma (49.6%), other neuroepithelial tumors (3.8%), meningioma (30.9%), neurinoma (8.7%), lymphoma (2.9%) and others (4.1%). Cryopreservation was reported for 2,261 PCNST specimens. Clinical and radiological aspects were also recorded. Preliminary results are encouraging and stimulating for the long-term goal of creating a National Registry and a National Network for patients affected by PCNST. To our knowledge, this is the first European databank dedicated to PCNST, with collection of clinical, radiological and histological data (including cryopreservation of the specimen). The creation of this registry and this database may have major clinical and fundamental implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luc Bauchet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Monteith SJ, Heppner PA, Woodfield MJ, Law AJJ. Paediatric central nervous system tumours in a New Zealand population: A 10-year experience of epidemiology, management strategies and outcomes. J Clin Neurosci 2006; 13:722-9. [PMID: 16860987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2005.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2005] [Accepted: 08/08/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We analysed 166 cases of paediatric central nervous system tumour presenting to Auckland City and Starship Children's Hospital, New Zealand, between 1995 and 2004. The purpose of this study was to perform an audit of paediatric neurosurgical practice in the upper North Island of New Zealand with the objective of assessing patient presentation, demographics, and modality and efficacy of therapy. The overall incidence of central nervous system tumours was 3.42/100,000/year. The incidence rate of medulloblastoma for Maori was over double that for European New Zealanders. Tumour clearance was attempted in 81.3% of patients. Some type of adjunct therapy was received by 45.2% of patients. Overall, 60.8% of patients had satisfactory or good results. Survival rates for pilocytic astrocytoma and ependymoma were consistent with previous studies. Survival data for medulloblastoma demonstrate improved outcomes with complete resection of tumour and with a specialist paediatric neurosurgeon compared with general neurosurgeons. Recent management changes have led to improved outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Monteith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Auckland City Hospital and Starship Children's Hospital, The University of Auckland, Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92024, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lee WJ, Colt JS, Heineman EF, McComb R, Weisenburger DD, Lijinsky W, Ward MH. Agricultural pesticide use and risk of glioma in Nebraska, United States. Occup Environ Med 2005; 62:786-92. [PMID: 16234405 PMCID: PMC1740883 DOI: 10.1136/oem.2005.020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the risk of the adult glioma associated with farming and agricultural pesticide use, the authors conducted a population based case control study in eastern Nebraska. METHODS Telephone interviews were conducted with men and women diagnosed with gliomas (n = 251) between 1988 and 1993 and controls (n = 498) randomly selected from the same geographical area. Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for farming and for use of individual and chemical classes of insecticides and herbicides, including pesticides classified as nitrosatable (able to form N-nitroso compounds upon reaction with nitrite). Non-farmers were used as the reference category for all analyses. RESULTS Among men, ever living or working on a farm and duration of farming were associated with significantly increased risks of glioma (> or =55 years on a farm OR = 3.9, 95% CI 1.8 to 8.6); however, positive findings were limited to proxy respondents. Among women, there were no positive associations with farming activities among self or proxy respondents. Specific pesticide families and individual pesticides were associated with significantly increased risks among male farmers; however, most of the positive associations were limited to proxy respondents. For two herbicides and three insecticides, use was positively associated with risk among both self and proxy respondents. Based on a small number of exposed cases, ORs were significantly increased for the herbicides metribuzin (OR = 3.4, 95% CI 1.2 to 9.7) and paraquat (OR = 11.1, 95% CI 1.2 to 101), and for the insecticides bufencarb (OR = 18.9, 95% CI 1.9 to 187), chlorpyrifos (OR = 22.6, 95% CI 2.7 to 191), and coumaphos (OR = 5.9, 95% CI 1.1 to 32). CONCLUSION The authors found significant associations between some specific agricultural pesticide exposures and the risk of glioma among male farmers but not among female farmers in Nebraska; however, most of the positive associations were limited to proxy respondents. These findings warrant further evaluation in prospective cohort studies where issues of recall bias are not a concern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W J Lee
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ohgaki H, Kleihues P. Epidemiology and etiology of gliomas. Acta Neuropathol 2005; 109:93-108. [PMID: 15685439 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-005-0991-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 854] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2004] [Accepted: 11/01/2004] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas of astrocytic, oligodendroglial and ependymal origin account for more than 70% of all brain tumors. The most frequent (65%) and most malignant histological type is the glioblastoma. Since the introduction of computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, the incidence rates of brain tumors have been rather stable, with a tendency of higher rates in highly developed, industrialized countries. Some reports indicate that Caucasians have higher incidence than black or Asian populations, but to some extent, this may reflect socio-economic differences and under-ascertainment in some regions, rather than a significant difference in genetic susceptibility. With the exception of pilocytic astrocytomas, the prognosis of glioma patients is still poor. Less than 3% of glioblastoma patients are still alive at 5 years after diagnosis, higher age being the most significant predictor of poor outcome. Brain tumors are a component of several inherited tumor syndromes, but the prevalence of these syndromes is very low. Several occupations, environmental carcinogens, and diet (N-nitroso compounds) have been reported to be associated with an elevated glioma risk, but the only environmental factor unequivocally associated with an increased risk of brain tumors, including gliomas, is therapeutic X-irradiation. In particular, children treated with X-irradiation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia show a significantly elevated risk of developing gliomas and primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), often within 10 years after therapy. TP53 mutations are frequent in low-grade gliomas and secondary glioblastomas derived therefrom. Approximately 60% of mutations are located in the hot spot codons 248 and 273, and the majority of these are G:C-->A:T transitions at CpG sites. TP53 mutations are significantly more frequent in low-grade astrocytomas with promoter methylation of the O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase repair gene, suggesting that, in addition to deamination of 5-methylcytosine, exogenous or endogenous alkylation in the O(6) position of guanine may contribute to the formation of these mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Ohgaki
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ruder AM, Waters MA, Butler MA, Carreón T, Calvert GM, Davis-King KE, Schulte PA, Sanderson WT, Ward EM, Connally LB, Heineman EF, Mandel JS, Morton RF, Reding DJ, Rosenman KD, Talaska G. Gliomas and Farm Pesticide Exposure in Men: The Upper Midwest Health Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 59:650-7. [PMID: 16789473 DOI: 10.1080/00039890409602949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health evaluated farm pesticide exposure and glioma risk in a study that included 457 glioma cases and 648 population-based controls, all adult men (18-80 yr old) and nonmetropolitan residents of Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. Multiple logistic regressions were used to control for farm residence, age, age group, education, and exposure to other pesticides. No associations were found between glioma and 12 specific pesticides. We estimated adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and found reduced glioma risk for insecticides (OR = 0.53, CI = 0.37-0.77), fumigants (OR = 0.57, CI = 0.34-0.95), and organochlorines (OR = 0.66, CI = 0.47-0.94). In analyses excluding proxy respondents (47% of cases) most CIs included 1.0. No positive association of farm pesticide exposure and glioma was found. Other farm exposures may explain the excess brain cancer risk seen in previous studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avima M Ruder
- Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Buffler PA, Kelsh M, Chapman P, Wood S, Lau E, Golembesky A, Wood R, Kalmes R, Brorby G. Primary Brain Tumor Mortality at a Petroleum Exploration and Extraction Research Facility. J Occup Environ Med 2004; 46:257-70. [PMID: 15091289 DOI: 10.1097/01.jom.0000116816.09199.6d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A cohort mortality study was conducted among 3,779 employees at a petroleum exploration and extraction research facility to evaluate workplace exposures and brain tumor risk. Deaths were identified by searches against the National Death Index, Social Security Administration, and California state mortality files. Work histories were classified by job titles, laboratory activity, and company division. Eleven brain tumor deaths were observed among the cohort (standardized mortality ratio [SMR] 1.8; 95% confidence interval = 0.9-3.2). SMR analyses for scientists, employment in laboratory work, and in the research division were not associated with an increased brain tumor SMR, whereas an increased SMR was observed for administrative and nonresearch employees. Although conclusions are limited by the small study population and lack of specific exposure data, these findings were not consistent with an occupational explanation for the observed brain tumor cluster.
Collapse
|
29
|
Inskip PD, Tarone RE, Hatch EE, Wilcosky TC, Fine HA, Black PM, Loeffler JS, Shapiro WR, Selker RG, Linet MS. Sociodemographic indicators and risk of brain tumours. Int J Epidemiol 2003; 32:225-33. [PMID: 12714541 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyg051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To better understand patterns of occurrence or diagnosis of brain tumours in different segments of the population, we evaluated associations between sociodemographic variables and the relative incidence of brain tumours as part of a multi-faceted case-control study. METHODS The study was conducted at hospitals in three US cities between 1994 and 1998. In all, 489 glioma cases (354 high-grade, 135 low-grade), 197 meningioma cases, 96 acoustic neuroma cases, and 799 controls admitted to the same hospitals for any of a variety of non-neoplastic diseases or conditions were enrolled and interviewed. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR), calculate 95% CI, and test for trends. RESULTS The OR showed significant positive associations with household income for low-grade glioma, meningioma, and acoustic neuroma, but not for high-grade glioma. Positive associations were observed with level of education for low-grade glioma and acoustic neuroma, but not for high-grade glioma or meningioma. Jewish religion was associated with a significantly elevated risk for meningioma (OR = 4.3; 95% CI: 2.0-9.0). Being single at the time of tumour diagnosis or enrolment was associated with significantly reduced risks for meningioma (OR = 0.4; 95% CI: 0.3-0.6) and low- or high-grade glioma (OR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.5-0.8), but not for acoustic neuroma. CONCLUSIONS Associations with sociodemographic variables varied considerably among the different subtypes of brain tumour, including between low-grade and high-grade glioma. The general pattern was for associations with indicators of affluence and education to be stronger for tumours that tend to grow more slowly and have less catastrophic effects, although the evidence was mixed for meningioma. We cannot isolate the specific factors underlying the observed associations, but intrapopulation differences in the completeness or timing of diagnosis may have played a role. There is less opportunity for such influences to operate for the rapidly progressing, high-grade gliomas than for more slowly growing tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Inskip
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Affiliation(s)
- Arnold C Paulino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, and the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Navas-Acién A, Pollán M, Gustavsson P, Plato N. Occupation, exposure to chemicals and risk of gliomas and meningiomas in Sweden. Am J Ind Med 2002; 42:214-27. [PMID: 12210690 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.10107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational exposures may be related to the development of brain cancer. The objective was to estimate occupational-specific risk of gliomas and meningiomas among Swedish men and women gainfully employed in 1970 over the period 1971-1989, and the influence of occupational exposure to chemical substances. METHODS A dataset linking cancer diagnoses from the Swedish national cancer register to occupational and demographical data obtained in the 1970 census was used to fit log-linear Poisson models, in order to obtain relative risks adjusted by age, period, geographical area and town size. Exposure to 13 chemicals was assessed using a Swedish job-exposure matrix. RESULTS The main findings of this study among men were the increased risk of glioma with occupational exposure to arsenic, mercury, and petroleum products and of meningioma with lead. Women in occupational sectors with a higher socio-economic status showed an increased incidence of both, gliomas and meningiomas. CONCLUSIONS Occupational exposure to some chemicals appeared to be related with an increased risk of glioma and meningioma in men. Exposures involved in glioma and meningioma development seemed to be different.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Navas-Acién
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Area, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ménégoz F, Little J, Colonna M, Arslan A, Preston-Martin S, Schlehofer B, Blettner M, Howe GR, Ryan P, Giles GG, Rodvall Y, Choi WN. Contacts with animals and humans as risk factors for adult brain tumours. An international case-control study. Eur J Cancer 2002; 38:696-704. [PMID: 11916553 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(01)00423-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
While numerous studies have addressed the possible role of farming and related exposures as risk factors for brain tumours in adults, few of them have examined the potential effect of exposure to farm animals or pets. In an international multicentre case-control study, we investigated whether residence on a farm, contact with animals, or working in occupations with a high degree of potential contact with animals or humans were associated with brain tumours. Using a common questionnaire, 1177 cases of glioma, 330 with meningioma and 2478 controls from eight centres were interviewed about the exposures and, in particular, about their contacts with nine species of animals: dairy cattle, beef cattle, pigs, horses, sheep, goats, poultry, dogs and cats. Living or working on a farm was not a risk factor, for either glioma or meningioma. Except in some centres, there was no relationship between having contacts with farm animals or pets and the risk of brain tumour, for either type of tumour or either sex. In relation to seven industrial groups involving frequent human and/or animal contacts, no association was apparent for either glioma or meningioma. In relation to 25 occupational groups with potential frequent contact with humans and/or animals, for glioma there was a reduced risk for biological technicians (Odds Ratio (OR)/=0, P=0.01), and general farm workers (OR=0.66, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.5-0.9). For meningioma, there was an increased risk for cooks (OR=2.0; CI: 1.2-3.4). With some exceptions, these results indicate no association between either the type of brain tumour and contacts with animals, or with occupations that include a high level of contact with animals or a high level of contact with humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Ménégoz
- Registre du cancer de l'Isère, 21 Chemin des Sources, 38240 Meylan, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
McKinley BP, Michalek AM, Fenstermaker RA, Plunkett RJ. The impact of age and sex on the incidence of glial tumors in New York state from 1976 to 1995. J Neurosurg 2000; 93:932-9. [PMID: 11117865 DOI: 10.3171/jns.2000.93.6.0932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT In this study the authors describe secular trends in the incidence of three glial tumors--glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), astrocytoma not otherwise specified (ANOS), and anaplastic astrocytoma (AA)--in New York state from 1976 through 1995. They also describe the effect of age and sex on the relative risk (RR) for these tumors, specifically GBM. METHODS Crude, age-, and sex-specific incidence rates were calculated for each tumor type from 1976 to 1995 by using data from the New York State Cancer Registry. Age-adjusted incidence rates were calculated by the direct standardization procedure, in which the 1970 United States Census Population Standard Million is used. The RR of GBM for the female population was calculated and plotted. Statistical comparisons were made using Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression analysis with the coefficient of variation. CONCLUSIONS The age-adjusted incidence of these three glial tumors increased during the study period. Increases in age-specific incidence of GBM were primarily limited to patients 60 years of age or older. The reasons for these increases cannot be fully explained with the data. Those in the female population had a lower risk of developing these tumors than those in the male. For GBM, the protective effect of sex was first evident at the approximate age of menarche, was greatest at the approximate age of menopause, and decreased in postmenopausal age strata. The overall protective effect of female sex and the described trend in RR for GBM in the female population suggests that sex hormones and/or genetic differences between males and females may play a role in the pathogenesis of this tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B P McKinley
- Department of Educational Affairs and Neurosurgery, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, State University of New York at Buffalo, 14263, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Granger A, Sainsbury R, Wilkinson T, MacFarlane M. Multiple meningiomas: case report and review of the literature. J Clin Neurosci 2000; 7:149-52. [PMID: 10844804 DOI: 10.1054/jocn.1999.0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A case of a 69 year old woman with multiple meningiomas is presented. Since her first presentation with Jacksonian seizures in 1978, she has had 16 meningiomas excised in seven separate surgical procedures. This is extremely unusual due to both the large number of tumours, and the long period over which they have occurred. We review the epidemiology, possible pathogenesis and genetic associations of this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Granger
- Department of Health Care of the Elderly, The Princess Margaret Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Our study examined cancer mortality before the age of 65 for women employed in the fastest growing and/or traditionally female occupations. Analysis of mortality data from 28 U.S. states for 1984-1995 revealed elevated proportionate cancer mortality ratios (PCMRs). The highest PCMRs observed were thyroid cancer among health aides, lymphatic and multiple myeloma among computer programmers, and brain cancer among actresses and directresses. Some of the excess mortality occurred for occupations that have been previously cited. These included elevated breast and ovarian cancer among teachers, Hodgkin's disease among hairdressers and cosmetologists, and thyroid cancer among health aides and therapists. A few of the associations were new, i.e., had not been previously observed. These included cancer of the connective tissue and lymphatic system among computer programmers, ovarian cancer and leukemia among secretaries, and lymphatic cancer and multiple myeloma among child care workers. These findings should be further investigated with epidemiologic and environmental studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C F Robinson
- Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Santana VS, Silva M, Loomis D. Brain neoplasms among naval military men. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 1999; 5:88-94. [PMID: 10330507 DOI: 10.1179/oeh.1999.5.2.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate risk factors for primary brain tumors, a case-control study was carried out with all death certificates and corresponding occupational histories of males registered in the Brazilian Navy Insurance from 1991 to 1995. Cases were 40 individuals with ICD-9 codes 191, 192.1, and 192.0 (brain and CNS tumors). Controls were 671 subjects who had other reported cancer sites. Men less than 56 years of age (odds ratio, OR = 4.63; 95% confidence interval, CI: 2.54, 8.45) and unmarried men (OR = 3.18; 95% CI: 1.69, 5.99) had higher mortality from brain tumors. After adjustment of age, marital status, and socioeconomic status, more brain tumors were found among health personnel (OR = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.07, 4.97) than in other occupational categories. Infantry servicemen engaged in combat training had borderline excess brain tumor mortality (OR = 2.30; 95% CI: 0.89, 5.99). More detailed occupational data on exposures and potential confounders are necessary to improve research on occupational risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V S Santana
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Canela, Salvador-Bahia 40110-170, Brazil.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ruiz-Tovar M, López-Abente G, Pollán M, Aragonés N, Ardanaz E, Moreo P, Moreno C, Vergara A. Brain cancer incidence in the provinces of Zaragoza and Navarre (Spain): effect of age, period and birth cohort. J Neurol Sci 1999; 164:93-9. [PMID: 10385055 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-510x(99)00048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have detected increases in malignant brain tumour incidence and mortality rates particularly among the elderly. We analyzed time trends in malignant brain tumors incidence in Zaragoza over the period 1973-1990 and Navarre over the period 1973-1991, two Spanish provinces that have been collecting data through their respective Cancer Registries for the last 20 years, using Poisson regression analysis of age, period of diagnosis and cohort. In general, age-adjusted rates showed a steady rise in both registries, except in the case of females in Navarre, for whom a decrease in risk was observed for the last period, 1988-1991. This increase is a reflection of the rise in incidence experienced by the elderly, since the cohorts successively register rates that are stable over time, and even downward in the case of females in Navarre. The risk run by generations born circa 1920-1930 was the highest encountered. Rates were higher in Navarre in both sexes and for all but the last period in females, when rates on the two registers stood level. Increasingly generalised use of CT scanning and magnetic resonance in the 1980s in Spain, coupled with better and more effective health care access for the elderly, are factors that may well have some bearing on these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ruiz-Tovar
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hu J, Johnson KC, Mao Y, Guo L, Zhao X, Jia X, Bi D, Huang G, Liu R. Risk factors for glioma in adults: a case-control study in northeast China. CANCER DETECTION AND PREVENTION 1998; 22:100-8. [PMID: 9544430 DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1500.1998.cdoa22.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A case-control study of risk factors for glioma in adults was carried out in Heilongjiang province in northeast China. Between September 1989 and May 1995, 218 histologically confirmed cases of glioma requiring surgery for tumor removal (139 astrocytoma glioma and 79 other glioma) and 436 controls with non-neoplastic and non-neurological disease were recruited and personally interviewed in the wards of six major hospitals. Controls were matched by sex, age, and area of residence. Occupational, lifestyle, and medical information was obtained through a standardized questionnaire. Use of liquor was associated with cancer risk. Compared with males who never drank liquor, males with total lifetime liquor consumption of less than 1000 liters had an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.60 (95% CI: 0.89-2.88) and for more than 1000 liters, 2.73 (95% CI: 1.06-7.08). Statistically significant associations were also found for diseases related to the brain (OR: 5.75; 95% CI: 1.08-30.47) and trauma to the head requiring medical attention (OR: 4.09; 95% CI: 2.51-10.31). Increased consumption of vegetables and of fruit were each associated with decreased glioma risk. Compared with lowest quartile intake, adjusted risks associated with highest quartile intake were 0.51 (95% CI: 0.29-0.89) for total vegetables and 0.28 (95% CI: 0.16-0.51) for total fruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Hu
- Cancer Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Aschengrau A, Ozonoff D, Coogan P, Vezina R, Heeren T, Zhang Y. Cancer risk and residential proximity to cranberry cultivation in Massachusetts. Am J Public Health 1996; 86:1289-96. [PMID: 8806382 PMCID: PMC1380593 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.86.9.1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the relationship between cancer risk and residential proximity to cranberry cultivation. METHODS A population-based case-control study was conducted. Cases, diagnosed during 1983 through 1986 among residents of the Upper Cape Cod area of Massachusetts, involved incident cancers of the lung (n = 252), breast (n = 265), colon-rectum (n = 326), bladder (n = 63), kidney (n = 35), pancreas (n = 37), and brain (n = 37), along with leukemia (n = 35). Control subjects were randomly selected from among telephone subscribers (n = 184), Medicare beneficiaries (n = 464), and deceased individuals (n = 723). RESULTS No meaningful increases in risk were seen for any of the cancer sites except for the brain. When latency was considered, subjects who had ever lived within 2600 ft (780 m) of a cranberry bog had a twofold increased risk of brain cancer overall (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.8, 4.9) and a 6.7-fold increased risk of astrocytoma (95% CI = 1.6, 27.8). CONCLUSIONS Residential proximity to cranberry bog cultivation was not associated with seven of the eight cancers investigated; however, an association was observed with brain cancer, particularly astrocytoma. Larger, more detailed studies are necessary to elucidate this relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Aschengrau
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Boston University School of PPublic Health, MA 02118, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
|