1
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Ma Y, Jiang Z, Pan L, Zhou Y, Xia R, Liu Z, Yuan L. Current development of molecular classifications of gastric cancer based on omics (Review). Int J Oncol 2024; 65:89. [PMID: 39092559 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a complex and heterogeneous disease with significant phenotypic and genetic variation. Traditional classification systems rely mainly on the evaluation of clinical pathological features and conventional biomarkers and might not capture the diverse clinical processes of individual GCs. The latest discoveries in omics technologies such as next‑generation sequencing, proteomics and metabolomics have provided crucial insights into potential genetic alterations and biological events in GC. Clustering strategies for identifying subtypes of GC might offer new tools for improving GC treatment and clinical trial outcomes by enabling the development of therapies tailored to specific subtypes. However, the feasibility and therapeutic significance of implementing molecular classifications of GC in clinical practice need to addressed. The present review examines the current molecular classifications, delineates the prevailing landscape of clinically relevant molecular features, analyzes their correlations with traditional GC classifications, and discusses potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Zhengchen Jiang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Libin Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
| | - Ruihong Xia
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Li Yuan
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
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2
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Herault A, Mak J, de la Cruz-Chuh J, Dillon MA, Ellerman D, Go M, Cosino E, Clark R, Carson E, Yeung S, Pichery M, Gador M, Chiang EY, Wu J, Liang Y, Modrusan Z, Gampa G, Sudhamsu J, Kemball CC, Cheung V, Nguyen TTT, Seshasayee D, Piskol R, Totpal K, Yu SF, Lee G, Kozak KR, Spiess C, Walsh KB. NKG2D-bispecific enhances NK and CD8+ T cell antitumor immunity. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:209. [PMID: 39112670 PMCID: PMC11306676 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03795-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer immunotherapy approaches that elicit immune cell responses, including T and NK cells, have revolutionized the field of oncology. However, immunosuppressive mechanisms restrain immune cell activation within solid tumors so additional strategies to augment activity are required. METHODS We identified the co-stimulatory receptor NKG2D as a target based on its expression on a large proportion of CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from breast cancer patient samples. Human and murine surrogate NKG2D co-stimulatory receptor-bispecifics (CRB) that bind NKG2D on NK and CD8+ T cells as well as HER2 on breast cancer cells (HER2-CRB) were developed as a proof of concept for targeting this signaling axis in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS HER2-CRB enhanced NK cell activation and cytokine production when co-cultured with HER2 expressing breast cancer cell lines. HER2-CRB when combined with a T cell-dependent-bispecific (TDB) antibody that synthetically activates T cells by crosslinking CD3 to HER2 (HER2-TDB), enhanced T cell cytotoxicity, cytokine production and in vivo antitumor activity. A mouse surrogate HER2-CRB (mHER2-CRB) improved in vivo efficacy of HER2-TDB and augmented NK as well as T cell activation, cytokine production and effector CD8+ T cell differentiation. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that targeting NKG2D with bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) is an effective approach to augment NK and CD8+ T cell antitumor immune responses. Given the large number of ongoing clinical trials leveraging NK and T cells for cancer immunotherapy, NKG2D-bispecifics have broad combinatorial potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelie Herault
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Judy Mak
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Josefa de la Cruz-Chuh
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael A Dillon
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Diego Ellerman
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - MaryAnn Go
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ely Cosino
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robyn Clark
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emily Carson
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stacey Yeung
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Melanie Pichery
- Immuno-Oncology-In Vitro Biology Department, Evotec, Toulouse, France
| | - Mylène Gador
- Immuno-Oncology-In Vitro Biology Department, Evotec, Toulouse, France
| | - Eugene Y Chiang
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jia Wu
- Department of Antibody Discovery, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yuxin Liang
- Department of Next-GenSequencing, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zora Modrusan
- Department of Next-GenSequencing, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gautham Gampa
- Department of Development Sciences PTPK, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jawahar Sudhamsu
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher C Kemball
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Victoria Cheung
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Dhaya Seshasayee
- Department of Antibody Discovery, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert Piskol
- Department of Bioinformatics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Klara Totpal
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shang-Fan Yu
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Genee Lee
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katherine R Kozak
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christoph Spiess
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kevin B Walsh
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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3
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Äärelä A, Auchynnikava T, Moisio O, Liljenbäck H, Andriana P, Iqbal I, Lehtimäki J, Rajander J, Salo H, Roivainen A, Airaksinen AJ, Virta P. In Vivo Imaging of [60]Fullerene-Based Molecular Spherical Nucleic Acids by Positron Emission Tomography. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5043-5051. [PMID: 37531591 PMCID: PMC10548468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
18F-Labeled [60]fullerene-based molecular spherical nucleic acids (MSNAs), consisting of a human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) mRNA antisense oligonucleotide sequence with a native phosphodiester and phosphorothioate backbone, were synthesized, site-specifically labeled with a positron emitting fluorine-18 and intravenously administrated via tail vein to HER2 expressing HCC1954 tumor-bearing mice. The biodistribution of the MSNAs was monitored in vivo by positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging. MSNA with a native phosphodiester backbone (MSNA-PO) was prone to rapid nuclease-mediated degradation, whereas the corresponding phosphorothioate analogue (MSNA-PS) with improved enzymatic stability showed an interesting biodistribution profile in vivo. One hour after the injection, majority of the radioactivity was observed in spleen and liver but also in blood with an average tumor-to-muscle ratio of 2. The prolonged radioactivity in blood circulation may open possibilities to the targeted delivery of the MSNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Äärelä
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
- Research
and Development, Orion Pharma, FI-20380 Turku, Finland
| | - Tatsiana Auchynnikava
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
- Turku
PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Moisio
- Turku
PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku
PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku
Center for Disease Modeling, University
of Turku, FI-20520 Turku Finland
| | - Putri Andriana
- Turku
PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Imran Iqbal
- Turku
PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jyrki Lehtimäki
- Research
and Development, Orion Pharma, FI-20380 Turku, Finland
| | - Johan Rajander
- Accelerator
Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Salo
- Research
and Development, Orion Pharma, FI-20380 Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku
PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku
Center for Disease Modeling, University
of Turku, FI-20520 Turku Finland
- Turku PET
Centre, Turku University Hospital, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Anu J. Airaksinen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
- Turku
PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Pasi Virta
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
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4
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Jacobson SI, Kacew AJ, Knoebel RW, Hsieh PH, Ratain MJ, Strohbehn GW. Alternative Trastuzumab Dosing Schedules Are Associated With Reductions in Health Care Greenhouse Gas Emissions. JCO Oncol Pract 2023; 19:799-807. [PMID: 37450776 PMCID: PMC10538895 DOI: 10.1200/op.23.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer care-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions harm human health. Many cancer drugs are administered at greater-than-necessary doses, frequencies, and durations. Alternative dosing strategies may enable reductions in cancer care GHG emissions without compromising patient outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used streamlined life-cycle analysis in a case-control simulation to estimate the relative reductions in GHG emissions that would be expected to result from using each of three alternative dosing strategies of trastuzumab (6-month adjuvant treatment duration, once every 4-week dosing, and both) in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)+ breast cancer. Using primary data and conversion factors from the environmental science literature, we estimated per-patient relative reduction in GHG emissions and, using SEER data, health impacts (in terms of disability-adjusted life-years [DALYs] and excess mortality per kg CO2) on bystanders for each alternative dosing strategy. RESULTS Compared with the trastuzumab dosing strategy commonly used at baseline (12-month duration of adjuvant therapy and once every 3-week dosing in all settings), adoption of both 6-month adjuvant trastuzumab and once every 4-week trastuzumab dosing would reduce GHG emissions by 4.5%, 18.7%, and 14.6% in the neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and metastatic settings, respectively. We estimate that US-based adoption of alternative trastuzumab dosing would reduce annual DALYs and excess lives lost due to environmental impact of US-based trastuzumab therapy for HER2+ breast cancer by 1.5 and 0.9, respectively. CONCLUSION Alternative dosing strategies may materially reduce the population health impacts of cancer care by reducing environmental impact. Regulatory decision making and health technology assessments should consider a treatment's environmental and population health impacts. Clinical trials of alternative dosing strategies are justified on the basis of environmental and population health impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alec J. Kacew
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Po-Hung Hsieh
- Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Mark J. Ratain
- Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Center for Personalized Therapeutics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Garth W. Strohbehn
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
- Veterans Affairs Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, MI
- Division of Medical Oncology, LTC Charles S Kettles VA Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Center for Global Health Equity, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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5
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Marchand A, Bonati L, Shui S, Scheller L, Gainza P, Rosset S, Georgeon S, Tang L, Correia BE. Rational Design of Chemically Controlled Antibodies and Protein Therapeutics. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:1259-1265. [PMID: 37252896 PMCID: PMC10278067 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Protein-based therapeutics, such as monoclonal antibodies and cytokines, are important therapies for various pathophysiological conditions such as oncology, autoimmune disorders, and viral infections. However, the wide application of such protein therapeutics is often hindered by dose-limiting toxicities and adverse effects, namely, cytokine storm syndrome, organ failure, and others. Therefore, spatiotemporal control of the activities of these proteins is crucial to further expand their application. Here, we report the design and application of small-molecule-controlled switchable protein therapeutics by taking advantage of a previously engineered OFF-switch system. We used the Rosetta modeling suite to computationally optimize the affinity between B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein and a previously developed computationally designed protein partner (LD3) to obtain a fast and efficient heterodimer disruption upon the addition of a competing drug (Venetoclax). The incorporation of the engineered OFF-switch system into anti-CTLA4, anti-HER2 antibodies, or an Fc-fused IL-15 cytokine demonstrated an efficient disruption in vitro, as well as fast clearance in vivo upon the addition of the competing drug Venetoclax. These results provide a proof-of-concept for the rational design of controllable biologics by introducing a drug-induced OFF-switch into existing protein-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Marchand
- Laboratory
of Protein Design and Immunoengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
(EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Bonati
- Laboratory
of Protein Design and Immunoengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
(EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory
of Biomaterials for Immunoengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
(EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sailan Shui
- Laboratory
of Protein Design and Immunoengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
(EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Leo Scheller
- Laboratory
of Protein Design and Immunoengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
(EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Gainza
- Laboratory
of Protein Design and Immunoengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
(EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Rosset
- Laboratory
of Protein Design and Immunoengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
(EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Georgeon
- Laboratory
of Protein Design and Immunoengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
(EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Li Tang
- Laboratory
of Biomaterials for Immunoengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
(EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bruno E. Correia
- Laboratory
of Protein Design and Immunoengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
(EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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6
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An anti-HER2 biparatopic antibody that induces unique HER2 clustering and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1394. [PMID: 36914633 PMCID: PMC10011572 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that plays an oncogenic role in breast, gastric and other solid tumors. However, anti-HER2 therapies are only currently approved for the treatment of breast and gastric/gastric esophageal junction cancers and treatment resistance remains a problem. Here, we engineer an anti-HER2 IgG1 bispecific, biparatopic antibody (Ab), zanidatamab, with unique and enhanced functionalities compared to both trastuzumab and the combination of trastuzumab plus pertuzumab (tras + pert). Zanidatamab binds adjacent HER2 molecules in trans and initiates distinct HER2 reorganization, as shown by polarized cell surface HER2 caps and large HER2 clusters, not observed with trastuzumab or tras + pert. Moreover, zanidatamab, but not trastuzumab nor tras + pert, elicit potent complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) against high HER2-expressing tumor cells in vitro. Zanidatamab also mediates HER2 internalization and downregulation, inhibition of both cell signaling and tumor growth, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and phagocytosis (ADCP), and also shows superior in vivo antitumor activity compared to tras + pert in a HER2-expressing xenograft model. Collectively, we show that zanidatamab has multiple and distinct mechanisms of action derived from the structural effects of biparatopic HER2 engagement.
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7
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Tsutsumi H, Iwama E, Ibusuki R, Shimauchi A, Ota K, Yoneshima Y, Inoue H, Tanaka K, Nakanishi Y, Okamoto I. Mutant forms of EGFR promote HER2 trafficking through efficient formation of HER2-EGFR heterodimers. Lung Cancer 2023; 175:101-111. [PMID: 36495783 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2022.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) forms homodimers and is retained at the surface of cancer cells positive for HER2 amplification. The dimerization, internalization, and intracellular trafficking of HER2 in cancer cells without HER2 amplification have remained uncharacterized, however. MATERIALS AND METHODS HER2 homodimers and heterodimers were detected in various cell lines with the use of an in situ proximity ligation assay. The effects of wild-type or mutant forms of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on intracellular trafficking of HER2 were examined by live-cell imaging. The sensitivity of cell lines without HER2 amplification to ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1), an anti-HER2 (trastuzumab)-cytotoxic drug conjugate (ADC) was also investigated. RESULTS HER2 preferentially formed heterodimers with EGFR rather than homodimers and was rapidly internalized together with EGFR in cells without HER2 amplification. HER2-EGFR heterodimers were more abundant and HER2 was more efficiently transferred to lysosomes in such cells with than in those without EGFR activating mutations. T-DM1 showed a high cytotoxic efficacy in the cells with EGFR mutations, suggesting that mutant forms of EGFR promote the transfer of HER2-bound T-DM1 to lysosomes through efficient formation of HER2-EGFR heterodimers. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal that HER2 trafficking is affected by EGFR, especially by mutant forms of the receptor, and they provide a rationale for the use of HER2-targeting ADCs in the treatment of EGFR-mutated lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirono Tsutsumi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eiji Iwama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Ritsu Ibusuki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shimauchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ota
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuto Yoneshima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Inoue
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tanaka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoichi Nakanishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Isamu Okamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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8
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Sterling C, Márquez-Garbán D, Vadgama JV, Pietras RJ. Squalamines in Blockade of Tumor-Associated Angiogenesis and Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5154. [PMID: 36291938 PMCID: PMC9601113 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of action of squalamine in human vascular endothelial cells indicate that this compound attaches to cell membranes, potentially interacting with calmodulin, Na+/H+ exchanger isoform NHE3 and other signaling pathways involved in the angiogenic process. Thus, squalamine elicits blockade of VEGF-induced endothelial tube-like formation in vitro. Further, squalamine reduces growth of several preclinical models of human cancers in vivo and acts to stop metastatic tumor spread, actions due largely to blockade of angiogenesis induced by the tumor and tumor microenvironment. Squalamine in Phase I/II trials, alone or combined with standard care, shows promising antitumor activity with limited side-effects in patients with advanced solid cancers. Increased attention on squalamine regulation of signaling pathways with or without combination treatments in solid malignancies deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Sterling
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Charles Drew University School of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Diana Márquez-Garbán
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jaydutt V. Vadgama
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Charles Drew University School of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Richard J. Pietras
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Charles Drew University School of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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9
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Wu X, Yang H, Yu X, Qin JJ. Drug-resistant HER2-positive breast cancer: Molecular mechanisms and overcoming strategies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1012552. [PMID: 36210846 PMCID: PMC9540370 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1012552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies and the leading cause of cancer-related death in women. HER2 overexpression is a factor for poor prognosis in breast cancer, and anti-HER2 therapy improves survival in these patients. A dual-targeted combination of pertuzumab and trastuzumab, alongside cytotoxic chemotherapy, constitutes the primary treatment option for individuals with early-stage, HER2-positive breast cancer. Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) also increase the prognosis for patients with metastatic breast cancer. However, resistance to targeted therapy eventually occurs. Therefore, it is critical to investigate how HER2-positive breast cancer is resistant to targeted therapy and to develop novel drugs or strategies to overcome the resistance simultaneously. This review aims to provide a comprehensive discussion of the HER2-targeted agents currently in clinical practice, the molecular mechanisms of resistance to these drugs, and the potential strategies for overcoming resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xingfei Yu
- *Correspondence: Xingfei Yu, ; Jiang-Jiang Qin,
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10
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Alternative trastuzumab dosing strategies in HER2-positive early breast cancer are associated with patient out-of-pocket savings. NPJ Breast Cancer 2022; 8:32. [PMID: 35288585 PMCID: PMC8921207 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-022-00393-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPatients with breast cancer frequently experience financial hardship, often due to the high costs of anti-cancer drugs. We sought to develop alternative trastuzumab dosing strategies, compare their pharmacokinetic effectiveness to standard dosing, and assess the expected financial implications of transitioning to them. We extracted clinical data from the records of 135 retrospectively identified patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer at a single, urban comprehensive cancer center who were treated with trastuzumab between 2017 and 2019. We performed pharmacokinetic simulations on a range of trastuzumab dose levels and frequencies, assessing efficacy by trough trastuzumab concentration (Ctrough) and population and individual likelihoods of Ctrough exceeding trastuzumab minimum effective concentration (MEC). We performed deterministic financial modeling to estimate the treatment-associated financial savings from alternative dosing strategies. Trastuzumab maintenance doses of 4 mg/kg every 3 weeks (Q3W) and 6 mg/kg every 4 weeks (Q4W) had nearly identical probabilities of Ctrough being above MEC as standard of care 6 mg/kg every 3 weeks. In the primary financial analysis, both trastuzumab 4 mg/kg Q3W and 6 mg/kg Q4W were associated with significant drug- and administration-related out-of-pocket cost savings over the duration of therapy, ranging from $765 (neoadjuvant, Q4W) to $2791 (adjuvant, Q4W). In particular, Q4W trastuzumab increased savings related to lost wages and travel cost avoidance. Low-dose and reduced frequency trastuzumab in appropriately selected patients may significantly reduce total drug utilization and meaningfully reduce patient financial toxicity. Prospective clinical trials evaluating low-dose or reduced-frequency administration of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies are warranted and needed.
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11
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Tobias J, Garner-Spitzer E, Drinić M, Wiedermann U. Vaccination against Her-2/neu, with focus on peptide-based vaccines. ESMO Open 2022; 7:100361. [PMID: 35026721 PMCID: PMC8760406 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has been a milestone in combatting cancer, by complementing or even replacing classic treatments like surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and anti-hormonal therapy. In 15%-30% of breast cancers, overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her-2/neu) is associated with more aggressive tumor development. Passive immunization/immunotherapy with the recombinantly produced Her-2/neu-targeting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) pertuzumab and trastuzumab has been shown to effectively treat breast cancer and lead to a significantly better prognosis. However, allergic and hypersensitivity reactions, cardiotoxicity, development of resistance, lack of immunological memory which results in continuous application over a long period, and cost-intensiveness are among the drawbacks associated with this treatment. Furthermore, intrinsic or acquired resistance is associated with the application of therapeutic mAbs, leading to the disease recurrence. Conversely, these drawbacks could be potentially overcome by vaccination, i.e. an active immunization/immunotherapy approach by activating the patient’s own immune system to target cancer, along with inducing immunological memory. This review aims to summarize the main approaches investigated and undertaken for the production of Her-2/neu vaccine candidates, with the main focus on peptide-based vaccines and their evaluation in clinical settings. Her-2/neu is overexpressed in 10%-30% of breast and gastric cancer patients and this correlates with poor clinical outcomes. Passive application of trastuzumab and pertuzumab has outstandingly improved the Her-2/neu-related clinical outcomes. Treatment with mAbs is associated with frequent administration, cost-intensiveness, and resistance. Vaccination against Her-2/neu with e.g. mimotope- or peptide-based vaccines can alternatively overcome the mAbs’ drawbacks. Such alternatives may pave the way to therapeutics which could be used as monotherapy or in combination therapies with mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tobias
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - E Garner-Spitzer
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Drinić
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - U Wiedermann
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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12
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Kedage V, Ellerman D, Fei M, Liang WC, Zhang G, Cheng E, Zhang J, Chen Y, Huang H, Lee WP, Wu Y, Yan M. CLEC5a-directed bispecific antibody for effective cellular phagocytosis. MAbs 2022; 14:2040083. [PMID: 35293277 PMCID: PMC8932924 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2022.2040083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
While antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis mediated by activating Fcγ receptor is a key mechanism underlying many antibody drugs, their full therapeutic activities can be restricted by the inhibitory Fcγ receptor IIB (FcγRIIB). Here, we describe a bispecific antibody approach that harnesses phagocytic receptor CLEC5A (C-type Lectin Domain Containing 5A) to drive Fcγ receptor-independent phagocytosis, potentially circumventing the negative impact of FcγRIIB. First, we established the effectiveness of such an approach by constructing bispecific antibodies that simultaneously target CLEC5A and live B cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated its in vivo application for regulatory T cell depletion and subsequent tumor regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivekananda Kedage
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Diego Ellerman
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mingjian Fei
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Wei-Ching Liang
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gu Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Eric Cheng
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yongmei Chen
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Haochu Huang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Wyne P Lee
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Minhong Yan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
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13
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Campone M, Bachelot T, Treilleux I, Pistilli B, Salleron J, Seegers V, Arnedos M, Loussouarn D, Wang Q, Vanlemmens L, Jimenez M, Rios M, Diéras V, Leroux A, Paintaud G, Rezai K, André F, Lion M, Merlin JL. A phase II randomised study of preoperative trastuzumab alone or combined with everolimus in patients with early HER2-positive breast cancer and predictive biomarkers (RADHER trial). Eur J Cancer 2021; 158:169-180. [PMID: 34678678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Resistance to trastuzumab in breast cancer is an ongoing challenge. Clinical and biological effects of co-targeting HER2 and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in patients with HER2-positive early operable breast cancer via the addition of everolimus to preoperative trastuzumab were evaluated in a phase II randomised study. METHODS Patients were randomised 1:1 to receive trastuzumab (4 mg/kg initial dose then 2 mg/kg weekly for 5 weeks) alone or combined with everolimus (10 mg/day for 6 weeks) and then underwent surgery. Tumours were assessed by clinical examination and echography at the baseline and on treatment. The primary end-point was the clinical response rate at 6 weeks. Pathological response and safety were also evaluated. Baseline and surgery tumour samples were assessed by immunohistochemistry and multiplex immunoanalysis for predictive downstream effectors of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAP kinase (MAPK) pathways. RESULTS Eighty-two patients were enrolled, 41 per arm. The clinical response rates were 34.1% and 43.9% with trastuzumab alone and combined with everolimus, respectively. Pathological response rates were 43.6% and 47.5%, respectively. Addition of everolimus increased toxicity, notably mucositis (82.5% versus 5.0%) and rash (57.5% versus 10.0%), but grade III/IV events were rare. No correlation between response to treatments and baseline candidate biomarkers was identified, except for PIK3CA mutations which were found to predict trastuzumab resistance. Significant changes were seen in several MAPK pathway effectors after combination therapy. CONCLUSIONS The addition of everolimus did not improve the efficacy, but induced MAPK signalling. Combination therapy to overcome pathway cross-talk should be considered to maximise the effectiveness of trastuzumab in this setting. ClinicalTrial.gov Identifier NCT00674414.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Campone
- Department of Medical Oncology/ Cancer Research Center UMR-INSERM U892/CNRS 6299/ Bioinformatics Unit, Institut de Cancérologie de L'Ouest, Nantes, France
| | - Thomas Bachelot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, INSERM U1052, Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Treilleux
- Department of Pathology and Biopathology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | | | - Julia Salleron
- Methodology and Biostatistics Unit, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy, France
| | - Valérie Seegers
- Oncology Data Factory and Analytics, Institut de Cancérologie de L'Ouest, Nantes, France
| | - Monica Arnedos
- Department of Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Qing Wang
- Genomic Platform-Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Maria Rios
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | | | - Agnès Leroux
- Department of Biopathology, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039, CRAN, Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy, France
| | - Gilles Paintaud
- François Rabelais University, CNRS, UMR 7292, Genetics, Immunotherapy, Chemistry and Cancer, Tours, France
| | - Keyvan Rezai
- Radio-Pharmacology Department, Institut Curie-Hôpital Rene Huguenin, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Fabrice André
- Department of Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Maëva Lion
- Department of Biopathology, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039, CRAN, Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Louis Merlin
- Department of Biopathology, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039, CRAN, Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy, France.
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14
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Lu X, Guo Y, Gu S, Tan D, Cheng B, Li Z, Huang W. An efficient and precise method for generating knockout cell lines based on CRISPR-Cas9 system. Eng Life Sci 2020; 20:585-593. [PMID: 33304232 PMCID: PMC7708952 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the efficiency and versatility of CRISPR-Cas9 system has been greatly improved over conventional genome editing methods such as zinc finger or TALEN, it is still time-consuming and labor-intensive for screening knockout/knock-in cell clones due to differences of the targeted location or efficacies of guide RNAs (gRNAs). Here, we adapted a targeted knock-in strategy with CRISPR-Cas9 system and characterized the efficiency for generating single or double knockout cell lines. Specifically, a homology-arm based donor cassette consisting of genes encoding a fluorescence protein and antibiotic selection marker driven by a constitutive promoter was co-transfected with a gRNA expressing unit. Based on FACS sorting and antibiotic drug selection, positive cell clones were confirmed by genotyping and at the protein expression level. The results indicated that more than 70% of analyzed clones identified by cell sorting and selection were successfully targeted in both single and double knockout experiments. The procedure takes less than three weeks to obtain knockout cell lines. We believe that this methodology could be applicable and versatile in generating knockout cell clones with high efficiency in most cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xibin Lu
- Core Research FacilitiesSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenP. R. China
| | - Yuhan Guo
- Forward Pharmaceuticals Limited CoShenzhenP. R. China
| | - Shu Gu
- Department of BiologySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenP. R. China
| | - Deng Tan
- Department of BiologySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenP. R. China
| | - Baoyun Cheng
- Department of BiologySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenP. R. China
| | - Zhoufang Li
- Core Research FacilitiesSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenP. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of BiologySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenP. R. China
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15
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Leyton JV. Improving Receptor-Mediated Intracellular Access and Accumulation of Antibody Therapeutics-The Tale of HER2. Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:E32. [PMID: 32668710 PMCID: PMC7551051 DOI: 10.3390/antib9030032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic anti-HER2 antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have undoubtedly benefitted patients. Nonetheless, patients ultimately relapse-some sooner than others. Currently approved anti-HER2 drugs are expensive and their cost-effectiveness is debated. There is increased awareness that internalization and lysosomal processing including subsequent payload intracellular accumulation and retention for ADCs are critical therapeutic attributes. Although HER2 preferential overexpression on the surface of tumor cells is attractive, its poor internalization and trafficking to lysosomes has been linked to poor therapeutic outcomes. To help address such issues, this review will comprehensively detail the most relevant findings on internalization and cellular accumulation for approved and investigational anti-HER2 antibodies and ADCs. The improved clarity of the HER2 system could improve antibody and ADC designs and approaches for next-generation anti-HER2 and other receptor targeting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey V Leyton
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H5N4, Canada
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16
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Simond AM, Muller WJ. In vivo modeling of the EGFR family in breast cancer progression and therapeutic approaches. Adv Cancer Res 2020; 147:189-228. [PMID: 32593401 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Modeling breast cancer through the generation of genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) has become the gold standard in the study of human breast cancer. Notably, the in vivo modeling of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family has been key to the development of therapeutics and has helped better understand the signaling pathways involved in cancer initiation, progression and metastasis. The HER2/ErbB2 receptor is a member of the EGFR family and 20% of breast cancers are found to belong in the HER2-positive histological subtype. Historical and more recent advances in the field have shaped our understanding of HER2-positive breast cancer signaling and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Simond
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - William J Muller
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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17
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Kurozumi S, Inoue K, Matsumoto H, Fujii T, Horiguchi J, Oyama T, Kurosumi M, Shirabe K. Clinicopathological values of PD-L1 expression in HER2-positive breast cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16662. [PMID: 31723167 PMCID: PMC6853939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52944-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several ongoing clinical trials are investigating the use of immuno-targeting therapy with programmed cell death protein-1 and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors for triple-negative breast cancer. However, the role of PD-L1 expression in HER2-positive breast cancer remains unclear. We investigated the clinicopathological utility of PD-L1 expression in HER2-positive breast cancer. Cohort A included 248 patients with invasive breast cancer (all subtypes). Cohort B included 126 HER2-positive patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) concomitant with trastuzumab. The relationship of PD-L1 expression on the cancer cells with clinicopathological factors including pathological complete response (pCR) and prognosis was investigated. In cohort A, 8.1% patients were PD-L1-positive; PD-L1 positivity showed a correlation with high degree of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), estrogen receptor negativity, progesterone receptor negativity, and high histological grade. In cohort B, 17.5% patients were PD-L1-positive; PD-L1 positivity showed a significant correlation with high degree of TILs and high abundance of CD8-positive TILs. The pCR rates were related to TILs and PD-L1 expression. Among PD-L1-negative patients, high CD8-positive TILs were associated with significantly better prognosis. In conclusion, 17.5% of HER2-positive type patients were PD-L1-positive. PD-L1 expression was associated with response to NAC with trastuzumab in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasagu Kurozumi
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan. .,Division of Breast Surgery, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Inoue
- Division of Breast Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Takaaki Fujii
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Jun Horiguchi
- Department of Breast Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tetsunari Oyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | | | - Ken Shirabe
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
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18
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Shepard HM. Biomarker-Driven Drug Discovery in Cancer-Trastuzumab Development: 2019 Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award. JAMA 2019; 322:1249-1250. [PMID: 31503281 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2019.13963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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19
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Kurozumi S, Inoue K, Matsumoto H, Fujii T, Horiguchi J, Oyama T, Kurosumi M, Shirabe K. Prognostic utility of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in residual tumor after neoadjuvant chemotherapy with trastuzumab for HER2-positive breast cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1583. [PMID: 30733496 PMCID: PMC6367461 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38272-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Predictive utility of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in HER2-positive breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with concurrent trastuzumab remains unclear. We examined TILs grades of pretreatment cancer tissue specimens and residual tumors after NAC with trastuzumab and determined the predictive utility of the TILs grade in pathological complete response (pCR) and the prognostic power of TILs in HER2-positive breast cancer. This cohort study included 128 HER2-positive breast cancer who received NAC with trastuzumab. TILs grading of the tumor stroma in pretreatment biopsy specimens and residual tumors after NAC with trastuzumab was categorized as low, intermediate, and high based on the criteria of the International Working Group. In current study, the pCR rate was 64.8%, and the Relapse-free survival (RFS) was significantly worse in the non-pCR group than in the pCR group. The pCR rate correlated with the TILs grade in pretreatment tumors. In 45 non-pCR patients, TILs grade was higher in the residual tumors than in the pretreatment tumors. The RFS was significantly better in residual tumors with high TILs grade than those with low TILs grade (p = 0.033). In conclusion, assessment of the TILs grade in residual tumors after NAC with trastuzumab might be necessary to determine patients with good prognosis among those who do not achieve pCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasagu Kurozumi
- Division of Breast Surgery, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan.
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Inoue
- Division of Breast Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Takaaki Fujii
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Jun Horiguchi
- Department of Breast Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tetsunari Oyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | | | - Ken Shirabe
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
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20
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Syed AK, Woodall R, Whisenant JG, Yankeelov TE, Sorace AG. Characterizing Trastuzumab-Induced Alterations in Intratumoral Heterogeneity with Quantitative Imaging and Immunohistochemistry in HER2+ Breast Cancer. Neoplasia 2019; 21:17-29. [PMID: 30472501 PMCID: PMC6260456 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate imaging and histology-based measurements of intratumoral heterogeneity to evaluate early treatment response to targeted therapy in a murine model of HER2+ breast cancer. BT474 tumor-bearing mice (N = 30) were treated with trastuzumab or saline and imaged longitudinally with either dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or 18F-fluoromisonidazole (FMISO) positron emission tomography (PET). At the imaging study end point (day 4 for MRI or 7 for PET), each tumor was excised for immunohistochemistry analysis. Voxel-based histogram analysis was performed on imaging-derived parametric maps (i.e., Ktrans and ve from DCE-MRI, SUV from 18F-FMISO-PET) of the tumor region of interest to measure heterogeneity. Image processing and histogram analysis of whole tumor slice immunohistochemistry data were performed to validate the in vivo imaging findings. Trastuzumab-treated tumors had increased heterogeneity in quantitative imaging measures of cellularity (ve), with a mean Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) distance of 0.32 (P = .05) between baseline and end point distributions. Trastuzumab-treated tumors had increased vascular heterogeneity (Ktrans) and decreased hypoxic heterogeneity (SUV), with a mean K-S distance of 0.42 (P < .01) and 0.46 (P = .047), respectively, between baseline and study end points. These observations were validated by whole-slice immunohistochemistry analysis with mean interquartile range of CD31 distributions of 1.72 for treated and 0.95 for control groups (P = .02). Quantitative longitudinal changes in tumor cellular and vascular heterogeneity in response to therapy may provide evidence for early prediction of response and guide therapy for patients with HER2+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum K Syed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Ryan Woodall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Jennifer G Whisenant
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Thomas E Yankeelov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712; Department of Diagnostic Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712; Department of Oncology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712; Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712; Livestrong Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Anna G Sorace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712; Department of Diagnostic Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712; Department of Oncology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712; Livestrong Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712.
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21
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Quartino AL, Li H, Kirschbrown WP, Mangat R, Wada DR, Garg A, Jin JY, Lum B. Population pharmacokinetic and covariate analyses of intravenous trastuzumab (Herceptin ®), a HER2-targeted monoclonal antibody, in patients with a variety of solid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2018; 83:329-340. [PMID: 30467591 PMCID: PMC6394489 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-018-3728-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to characterize the population pharmacokinetics (PK) of the intravenous formulation of trastuzumab, assess the impact of patient and pathological covariates on trastuzumab PK, and perform simulations to support dosing recommendations in special situations. METHODS Serum trastuzumab concentrations were obtained from 1582 patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC), early breast cancer (EBC), advanced gastric cancer (AGC), or other tumor types/healthy volunteers in 18 phase I, II, and III trials and analyzed by nonlinear mixed-effects modeling. RESULTS A two-compartment model with parallel linear and nonlinear elimination best described the data. During treatment, linear clearance (CL) dominated, resulting in a total CL of 0.173-0.337 L/day, which is similar to other IgG1 monoclonal antibodies. Covariates influencing CL were baseline body weight, aspartate aminotransferase, albumin, gastric cancer, and the presence of liver metastases. MBC and EBC had similar PK parameters, while CL was higher in AGC. Simulations indicated that at least 95% of patients with BC reach concentrations < 1 µg/mL (~ 97% washout) by 7 months. A dose delay in BC or AGC patients of > 1 week would take approximately 6 weeks to get back within steady-state exposure range. CONCLUSIONS Trastuzumab PK for the intravenous formulation was well-described across cancer types, disease status, and regimens. No dose adjustment is required for any of the identified patient covariates. A 7-month serum washout period for trastuzumab is recommended. A reloading dose is required if a maintenance dose is missed by > 1 week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica L Quartino
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, Mail Stop 463A, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
| | - Hanbin Li
- Certara, L.P., 845 Oak Grove Ave, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | | | - Ranvir Mangat
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, Mail Stop 463A, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.,Insight Rx, 233 Stanyan Street, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA
| | - D Russell Wada
- Certara, L.P., 845 Oak Grove Ave, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Amit Garg
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, Mail Stop 463A, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Jin Y Jin
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, Mail Stop 463A, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Bert Lum
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, Mail Stop 463A, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
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22
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Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-Targeted Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113491. [PMID: 30404198 PMCID: PMC6274851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades, several molecular targeted inhibitors have been developed and evaluated clinically to improve the survival of patients with cancer. Molecular targeted inhibitors inhibit the activities of pathogenic tyrosine kinases. Particularly, aberrant receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activation is a potential therapeutic target. An increased understanding of genetics, cellular biology and structural biology has led to the development of numerous important therapeutics. Pathogenic RTK mutations, deletions, translocations and amplification/over-expressions have been identified and are currently being examined for their roles in cancers. Therapies targeting RTKs are categorized as small-molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies. Studies are underway to explore abnormalities in 20 types of RTK subfamilies in patients with cancer or other diseases. In this review, we describe representative RTKs important for developing cancer therapeutics and predicting or evaluated resistance mechanisms.
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Lee J, Kang HA, Bae JS, Kim KD, Lee KH, Lim KJ, Choo MJ, Chang SJ. Evaluation of analytical similarity between trastuzumab biosimilar CT-P6 and reference product using statistical analyses. MAbs 2018; 10:547-571. [PMID: 29482416 PMCID: PMC5973688 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1440170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of analytical similarity has been a challenging issue for the biosimilar industry because the number of lots for reference and biosimilar products available at the time of development are limited, whilst measurable quality attributes of target molecule are numerous, which can lead to potential bias or false negative/positive conclusions regarding biosimilarity. Therefore, appropriate statistical analyses are highly desirable to achieve a high level of confidence in the similarity evaluation. A recent guideline for the risk-based statistical approaches recommended by the US Food and Drug Administration provides useful tools to systematically evaluate analytical similarity of biosimilar products compared with reference products. Here, we evaluated analytical similarity of CT-P6, a biosimilar product of trastuzumab, with the reference products (EU-Herceptin® or US-Herceptin®) following these statistical approaches. Various quality attributes of trastuzumab were first ranked based on the clinical impact of each attribute and subsequently adjusted to one of three tiers (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) considering the characteristics of the assay, the level of attribute present and the feasibility of statistical analysis. Two biological activities with highest potential clinical impact were evaluated by an equivalent test (Tier 1), and other bioactivities and structural/physicochemical properties relevant to the clinical impact were evaluated by a quality range approach (Tier 2). The attributes with low risk ranking or qualitative assay were evaluated by visual comparison (Tier 3). Analytical similarity assessment analyzed by the three tiers clearly demonstrated that CT-P6 exhibits highly similar structural and physicochemical properties, as well as functional activities, compared with the reference products. There were small differences observed in a few quality attributes between CT-P6 and the reference products, but the differences were very minor, and unlikely to impact on clinical outcome. The recently reported equivalent clinical efficacy of CT-P6 with the reference product further supports that CT-P6 is highly similar compared with the reference product in the view of totality-of-evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihun Lee
- a Biotechnology Research Institute, R&D Division, Celltrion Inc. , Incheon , Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Kang
- a Biotechnology Research Institute, R&D Division, Celltrion Inc. , Incheon , Korea
| | - Jin Soo Bae
- a Biotechnology Research Institute, R&D Division, Celltrion Inc. , Incheon , Korea
| | - Kyu Dae Kim
- a Biotechnology Research Institute, R&D Division, Celltrion Inc. , Incheon , Korea
| | - Kyoung Hoon Lee
- a Biotechnology Research Institute, R&D Division, Celltrion Inc. , Incheon , Korea
| | - Ki Jung Lim
- a Biotechnology Research Institute, R&D Division, Celltrion Inc. , Incheon , Korea
| | - Min Joo Choo
- a Biotechnology Research Institute, R&D Division, Celltrion Inc. , Incheon , Korea
| | - Shin Jae Chang
- a Biotechnology Research Institute, R&D Division, Celltrion Inc. , Incheon , Korea
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Vaidya T, Straubinger RM, Ait-Oudhia S. Development and Evaluation of Tri-Functional Immunoliposomes for the Treatment of HER2 Positive Breast Cancer. Pharm Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2365-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Maadi H, Nami B, Tong J, Li G, Wang Z. The effects of trastuzumab on HER2-mediated cell signaling in CHO cells expressing human HER2. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:238. [PMID: 29490608 PMCID: PMC5831215 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4143-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeted therapy with trastuzumab has become a mainstay for HER2-positive breast cancer without a clear understanding of the mechanism of its action. While many mechanisms have been suggested for the action of trastuzumab, most of them are not substantiated by experimental data. It has been suggested that trastuzumab functions by inhibiting intracellular signaling initiated by HER2, however, the data are very controversial. A major issue is the different cellular background of various breast cancer cells lines used in these studies. Each breast cancer cell line has a unique expression profile of various HER receptors, which could significantly affect the effects of trastuzumab. METHODS To overcome this problem, in this research we adopted a cell model that allow us to specifically examine the effects of trastuzumab on a single HER receptor without the influence of other HER receptors. Three CHO cell lines stably expressing only human EGFR (CHO-EGFR), HER2 (CHO-K6), or HER3 (CHO-HER3) were used. Various methods including cytotoxicity assay, immunoblotting, indirect immunofluorescence, cross linking, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) were employed in this research. RESULTS We showed that trastuzumab did not bind EGFR and HER3, and thus did not affect the homodimerization and phosphorylation of EGFR and HER3. However, overexpression of HER2 in CHO cells, in the absence of other HER receptors, resulted in the homodimerization of HER2 and the phosphorylation of HER2 at all major pY residues. Trastuzumab bound to HER2 specifically and with high affinity. Trastuzumab inhibited neither the homodimerization of HER2, nor the phosphorylation of HER2 at most phosphotyrosine residues. Moreover, trastuzumab did not inhibit the phosphorylation of ERK and AKT in CHO-K6 cells, and did not inhibit the proliferation of CHO-K6 cells. However, trastuzumab induced strong ADCC in CHO-K6 cells. CONCLUSION We concluded that, in the absence of other HER receptors, trastuzumab exerts its antitumor activity through the induction of ADCC, rather than the inhibition of HER2-homodimerization and phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Maadi
- Department of Medical Genetics, and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Babak Nami
- Department of Medical Genetics, and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Junfeng Tong
- Department of Medical Genetics, and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Gina Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada.
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26
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Udagawa C, Nakamura H, Ohnishi H, Tamura K, Shimoi T, Yoshida M, Yoshida T, Totoki Y, Shibata T, Zembutsu H. Whole exome sequencing to identify genetic markers for trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:446-452. [PMID: 29247589 PMCID: PMC5797809 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although trastuzumab‐induced cardiotoxicity is an important determinant to limit the use of this drug, the molecular mechanism of risk for this toxicity is not well understood. To identify genetic variants determining the risk of trastuzumab‐induced cardiotoxicity, we carried out whole exome sequencing of germline DNA samples from 9 patients with trastuzumab‐induced cardiotoxicity, and conducted a case‐control association study of 2258 genetic variants between 9 cases (with trastuzumab‐induced cardiotoxicity) and general Japanese population controls registered in the Human Genetic Variation Database (HGVD). The top variant which showed the lowest P‐value in the screening study was rs139503277 in PHD Finger Protein 3 (Pmin = .00012, odds ratio [OR] = 51.23). To further validate the result of screening study, we carried out a replication study of 10 variants showing Pmin < .001 in the screening study using 234 independent patients treated with trastuzumab, including 10 cases and 224 controls (without trastuzumab‐induced cardiotoxicity). In the replication study, we observed that three variants had an effect in the same direction as in the screening study (rs78272919 in exon 2 of Keratin 15, rs5762940 in exon 2 of zinc and ring finger 3, and rs139944387 in exon 44 of Eyes shut homologs [EYS]). A combined result of the screening and the replication studies suggested an association of a locus on chromosome 6q12 with trastuzumab‐induced cardiotoxicity (rs139944387 in EYS, combined Pmin = .00056, OR = 13.73). This finding provides new insights into personalized trastuzumab therapy for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐positive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Udagawa
- Division of Genetics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Pharmacogenomics Group, Project for Development of Liquid Biopsy Diagnosis, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakamura
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohnishi
- Division of Genetics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Pharmacogenomics Group, Project for Development of Liquid Biopsy Diagnosis, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Tamura
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Shimoi
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Yoshida
- Fundamental Innovative Oncology Core, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Totoki
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Shibata
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Zembutsu
- Division of Genetics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Pharmacogenomics Group, Project for Development of Liquid Biopsy Diagnosis, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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Victor AR, Weigel C, Scoville SD, Chan WK, Chatman K, Nemer MM, Mao C, Young KA, Zhang J, Yu J, Freud AG, Oakes CC, Caligiuri MA. Epigenetic and Posttranscriptional Regulation of CD16 Expression during Human NK Cell Development. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:565-572. [PMID: 29229679 PMCID: PMC5881939 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The surface receptor FcγRIIIA (CD16a) is encoded by the FCGR3A gene and is acquired by human NK cells during maturation. NK cells bind the Fc portion of IgG via CD16a and execute Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, which is critical for the effectiveness of several antitumor mAb therapies. The role of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms controlling transcriptional and posttranscriptional CD16 expression in NK cells is unknown. In this study, we compared specific patterns of DNA methylation and expression of FCGR3A with FCGR3B, which differ in cell type-specific expression despite displaying nearly identical genomic sequences. We identified a sequence within the FCGR3A promoter that selectively exhibits reduced methylation in CD16a+ NK cells versus CD16a- NK cells and neutrophils. This region contained the transcriptional start site of the most highly expressed CD16a isoform in NK cells. Luciferase assays revealed remarkable cell-type specificity and methylation-dependent activity of FCGR3A- versus FCGR3B-derived sequences. Genomic differences between FCGR3A and FCGR3B are enriched at CpG dinucleotides, and mutation of variant CpGs reversed cell-type specificity. We further identified miR-218 as a posttranscriptional negative regulator of CD16a in NK cells. Forced overexpression of miR-218 in NK cells knocked down CD16a mRNA and protein expression. Moreover, miR-218 was highly expressed in CD16a- NK cells compared with CD16a+ NK cells. Taken together, we propose a system of FCGR3A regulation in human NK cells in which CpG dinucleotide sequences and concurrent DNA methylation confer developmental and cell type-specific transcriptional regulation, whereas miR-218 provides an additional layer of posttranscriptional regulation during the maturation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R Victor
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Christoph Weigel
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Steven D Scoville
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Wing Keung Chan
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Kelsey Chatman
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Mary M Nemer
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Charlene Mao
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Karen A Young
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Bioinformatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Jianhua Yu
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Aharon G Freud
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Christopher C Oakes
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210;
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210; and
| | - Michael A Caligiuri
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210;
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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28
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Shepard HM, Phillips GL, D Thanos C, Feldmann M. Developments in therapy with monoclonal antibodies and related proteins. Clin Med (Lond) 2017; 17:220-232. [PMID: 28572223 PMCID: PMC6297577 DOI: 10.7861/clinmedicine.17-3-220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody therapeutics have been approved for over 30 targets and diseases, most commonly cancer. Antibodies have become the new backbone of the pharmaceutical industry, which previously relied on small molecules. Compared with small molecules, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have exquisite target selectivity and hence less toxicity as a result of binding other targets. The clinical value of both mAbs and ligand traps has been proven. New applications of mAbs are being tested and mAbs have now been designed to target two (bi-specific, eg TNF-α and IL-17) or more targets simultaneously, augmenting their therapeutic potential. Because of space limitations and the wide ranging scope of this review there are regrettably, but inevitably, omissions and missing citations. We have chosen to highlight the first successes in inflammatory diseases and cancer, but a broader overview of approved mAbs and related molecules can be found in Table 1.
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29
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Lewis Phillips GD, Nishimura MC, Lacap JA, Kharbanda S, Mai E, Tien J, Malesky K, Williams SP, Marik J, Phillips HS. Trastuzumab uptake and its relation to efficacy in an animal model of HER2-positive breast cancer brain metastasis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 164:581-591. [PMID: 28493046 PMCID: PMC5495871 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4279-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The extent to which efficacy of the HER2 antibody Trastuzumab in brain metastases is limited by access of antibody to brain lesions remains a question of significant clinical importance. We investigated the uptake and distribution of trastuzumab in brain and mammary fat pad grafts of HER2-positive breast cancer to evaluate the relationship of these parameters to the anti-tumor activity of trastuzumab and trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1). Methods Mouse transgenic breast tumor cells expressing human HER2 (Fo2-1282 or Fo5) were used to establish intracranial and orthotopic tumors. Tumor uptake and tissue distribution of systemically administered 89Zr-trastuzumab or muMAb 4D5 (murine parent of trastuzumab) were measured by PET and ELISA. Efficacy of muMAb 4D5, the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor GNE-317, and T-DM1 was also assessed. Results 89Zr-trastuzumab and muMAb 4D5 exhibited robust uptake into Fo2-1282 brain tumors, but not normal brains. Uptake into brain grafts was similar to mammary grafts. Despite this, muMAb 4D5 was less efficacious in brain grafts. Co-administration of muMAb 4D5 and GNE-317, a brain-penetrant PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, provided longer survival in mice with brain lesions than either agent alone. Moreover, T-DM1 increased survival in the Fo5 brain metastasis model. Conclusions In models of HER2-positive breast cancer brain metastasis, trastuzumab efficacy does not appear to be limited by access to intracranial tumors. Anti-tumor activity improved with the addition of a brain-penetrant PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, suggesting that combining targeted therapies is a more effective strategy for treating HER2-positive breast cancer brain metastases. Survival was also extended in mice with Fo5 brain lesions treated with T-DM1. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10549-017-4279-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Samir Kharbanda
- Calico Labs, 1170 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Elaine Mai
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Janet Tien
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Kimberly Malesky
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | - Jan Marik
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
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Patke S, Li J, Wang P, Slaga D, Johnston J, Bhakta S, Panowski S, Sun LL, Junttila T, Scheer JM, Ellerman DA. bisFabs: Tools for rapidly screening hybridoma IgGs for their activities as bispecific antibodies. MAbs 2017; 9:430-437. [PMID: 28125314 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1281504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies are a growing class of therapeutic molecules. Many of the current bispecific formats require DNA engineering to convert the parental monoclonal antibodies into the final bispecific molecules. We describe here a method to generate bispecific molecules from hybridoma IgGs in 3-4 d using chemical conjugation of antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) (bisFabs). Proteolytic digestion conditions for each IgG isotype were analyzed to optimize the yield and quality of the final conjugates. The resulting bisFabs showed no significant amounts of homodimers or aggregates. The predictive value of murine bisFabs was tested by comparing the T-cell redirected cytotoxic activity of a panel of antibodies in either the bisFab or full-length IgG formats. A variety of antigens with different structures and expression levels was used to extend the comparison to a wide range of binding geometries and antigen densities. The activity observed for different murine bisFabs correlated with those observed for the full-length IgG format across multiple different antigen targets, supporting the use of bisFabs as a screening tool. Our method may also be used for the screening of bispecific antibodies with other mechanisms of action, allowing for a more rapid selection of lead therapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanket Patke
- a Department of Protein Chemistry , Genentech , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Ji Li
- b Department of Translational Oncology , Genentech , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Peiyin Wang
- b Department of Translational Oncology , Genentech , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Dion Slaga
- b Department of Translational Oncology , Genentech , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Jennifer Johnston
- b Department of Translational Oncology , Genentech , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Sunil Bhakta
- b Department of Translational Oncology , Genentech , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Siler Panowski
- b Department of Translational Oncology , Genentech , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Liping L Sun
- b Department of Translational Oncology , Genentech , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Teemu Junttila
- b Department of Translational Oncology , Genentech , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Justin M Scheer
- a Department of Protein Chemistry , Genentech , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Diego A Ellerman
- a Department of Protein Chemistry , Genentech , South San Francisco , CA , USA
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Li A, Xing J, Li L, Zhou C, Dong B, He P, Li Q, Wang Z. A single-domain antibody-linked Fab bispecific antibody Her2-S-Fab has potent cytotoxicity against Her2-expressing tumor cells. AMB Express 2016; 6:32. [PMID: 27112931 PMCID: PMC4844577 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-016-0201-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Her2, which is frequently overexpressed in breast cancer, is one of the most studied tumor-associated antigens for cancer therapy. Anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody, trastuzumab, has achieved significant clinical benefits in metastatic breast cancer. In this study, we describe a novel bispecific antibody Her2-S-Fab targeting Her2 by linking a single domain anti-CD16 VHH to the trastuzumab Fab. The Her2-S-Fab antibody can be efficiently expressed and purified from Escherichia coli, and drive potent cancer cell killing in HER2-overexpressing cancer cells. In xenograft model, the Her2-S-Fab suppresses tumor growth in the presence of human immune cells. Our results suggest that the bispecific Her2-S-Fab may provide a valid alternative to Her2 positive cancer therapy.
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Abstract
Objective. To provide a comprehensive review of the preclinical and clinical pharmacology and toxicology of the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab, with particular reference to its use in its approved indication, HER2/neu-overexpressing breast cancer. Data sources. A MEDLINE search was conducted using the terms ‘trastuzumab’ and ‘Herceptin’ for the period 1995-2001. The reference lists from retrieved articles were reviewed and other relevant papers identified. The abstract books from the annual meetings of the American Society of Clinical and Oncology and the European Society of Medical Oncology were also reviewed. Data extraction. The aim of the review was to be comprehensive and descriptive. All studies containing information deemed to be of interest were reviewed by the author; none were excluded on grounds of quality. Data summary. Trastuzumab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody with a hypervariable region of murine origin inserted into a human IgG1 skeleton. Trastuzumab recognizes p185HER2/neu, the 185-kDa product of the HER2/neu protooncogene. This gene is overexpressed in around 20% of breast cancers and encodes for a trans-membrane protein that has extensive structural homology with the EGFR. HER2/neu overexpression is prognostic of short relapse-free and overall survival and, possibly, of poor response to certain hormonal and cytotoxic treatments. Trastuzumab inhibits the growth of HER2/neu-overexpressing tumour cells grown in tissue culture or as xeno-grafts in mice. It also potentiates the action of certain cytotoxic drugs against such cells. These properties stimulated clinical trials of trastuzumab in women with HER2/neu-positive breast cancer. Used alone, in women with heavily pretreated HER2/neu-positive breast cancer, trastuzumab stabilized disease in 35% of cases and induced regression in a further 22%. Its use was associated with prolonged stabilization of quality of life. When used in combination with paclitaxel, or anthracycline-based chemotherapy, as a first-line treatment for metastatic breast cancer, it increased response rates, time to disease progression and survival. Unfortunately, when used in conjunction with anthracyclines, trastuzumab has been associated with an unacceptable incidence of cardiotoxicity. For this reason, it is currently approved for use alone or in combination with paclitaxel. When added to paclitaxel as a first-line treatment, it increased the median time to disease progression from 3.0 to 6.9 months (P= 0.0001) and the 1-year survival rate from 62% to 73%, with little toxicity except occasional and, generally, mild infusion reactions.
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Mizutani N, Abe M, Matsuoka S, Kajino K, Wakiya M, Ohtsuji N, Hatano R, Morimoto C, Hino O. Establishment of anti-mesothelioma monoclonal antibodies. BMC Res Notes 2016; 9:324. [PMID: 27342200 PMCID: PMC4921032 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-2128-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesotheliomas are aggressive, therapy-resistant tumors that are predicted to increase in incidence at least until 2020. The prognosis of patients with mesothelioma is generally poor because they are typically diagnosed at a late stage and their tumors are resistant to current conventional therapies. For these reasons, improved diagnosis and therapy are urgently required. To address these issues, the aim of our research was to develop novel mesothelioma-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as diagnostic and therapeutic agents. METHODS To develop anti-mesothelioma mAbs useful for diagnosis and therapy, we repeatedly immunized a BALB/c mouse with viable mesothelioma cells, alternating between those from three mesothelioma cell lines. We hybridized the spleen cells from this immunized mouse with P3U1 myeloma cells. We then screened supernatants harvested from the hybridoma clones by assessing whether they bound to a mesothelioma cell line not used for immunization and altered its morphology. We designed this developmental strategy to reduce the risk of obtaining clonotypic mAbs against a single mesothelioma cell line. RESULTS Our newly generated mouse anti-human mAbs immunostained clinical samples of mesotheliomas. One of the newly generated mAbs did not react with any other tumor cell line tested. Two other mAbs significantly inhibited the proliferation of mesothelioma cells. CONCLUSION These newly generated anti-mesothelioma mAbs are potentially useful as diagnostic and therapeutic agents for mesothelioma. Moreover, our novel strategy for establishing antitumor mAbs may facilitate the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic techniques for mesotheliomas and other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Mizutani
- />Department of Pathology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2, Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8611 Japan
- />Departments of Pathology and Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Masaaki Abe
- />Departments of Pathology and Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Shuji Matsuoka
- />Departments of Pathology and Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Kazunori Kajino
- />Departments of Pathology and Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Midori Wakiya
- />Departments of Pathology and Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
- />Department of Pathology, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, 1163 Tatemachi, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 193-0998 Japan
| | - Naomi Ohtsuji
- />Departments of Pathology and Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Ryo Hatano
- />Therapy Development and Innovation for Immune Disorders and Cancers, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Chikao Morimoto
- />Therapy Development and Innovation for Immune Disorders and Cancers, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Okio Hino
- />Departments of Pathology and Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
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Gijs M, Penner G, Blackler GB, Impens NREN, Baatout S, Luxen A, Aerts AM. Improved Aptamers for the Diagnosis and Potential Treatment of HER2-Positive Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:E29. [PMID: 27213406 PMCID: PMC4932547 DOI: 10.3390/ph9020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aptamers provide a potential source of alternative targeting molecules for existing antibody diagnostics and therapeutics. In this work, we selected novel DNA aptamers targeting the HER2 receptor by an adherent whole-cell SELEX approach. Individual aptamers were identified by next generation sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Two aptamers, HeA2_1 and HeA2_3, were shown to bind the HER2 protein with affinities in the nanomolar range. In addition, both aptamers were able to bind with high specificity to HER2-overexpressing cells and HER2-positive tumor tissue samples. Furthermore, we demonstrated that aptamer HeA2_3 is being internalized into cancer cells and has an inhibitory effect on cancer cell growth and viability. In the end, we selected novel DNA aptamers with great potential for the diagnosis and possible treatment of HER2-positive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Gijs
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium.
- Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Gregory Penner
- NeoVentures Biotechnology Inc., London, N6A 1A1 ON, Canada.
| | | | | | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium.
| | - André Luxen
- Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - An M Aerts
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium.
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Kim WE, Yue B, Serrero G. Signaling Pathway of GP88 (Progranulin) in Breast Cancer Cells: Upregulation and Phosphorylation of c-myc by GP88/Progranulin in Her2-Overexpressing Breast Cancer Cells. BREAST CANCER-BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2016; 9:71-7. [PMID: 27168723 PMCID: PMC4859449 DOI: 10.4137/bcbcr.s29371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Her2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase overexpressed in 25% of breast tumors. We have shown that the 88 kDa autocrine growth and survival factor GP88 (progranulin) stimulated Her2 phosphorylation and proliferation and conferred Herceptin resistance in Her2-overexpressing cells. Herein, we report that GP88 stimulates c-myc phosphorylation and upregulates c-myc levels in Her2-overexpressing cells. c-myc phosphorylation and upregulation by GP88 were not observed in non-Her2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. c-myc activation was inhibited upon treatment with ERK, PI3 kinase, and c-src pathway inhibitors, U0126, LY294002, and PP2. GP88 also stimulated c-src phosphorylation, a known upstream regulator of c-myc. Thus, we describe here a signaling pathway for GP88 in Her2-overexpressing cells, with GP88 stimulating Src phosphorylation, followed by phosphorylation and upregulation of c-myc. These data would suggest that targeting GP88 could provide a novel treatment approach in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wes E Kim
- A&G Pharmaceutical Inc., Columbia, MD, USA
| | - Binbin Yue
- A&G Pharmaceutical Inc., Columbia, MD, USA
| | - Ginette Serrero
- A&G Pharmaceutical Inc., Columbia, MD, USA.; Member of the Program in Oncology, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Ogitani Y, Aida T, Hagihara K, Yamaguchi J, Ishii C, Harada N, Soma M, Okamoto H, Oitate M, Arakawa S, Hirai T, Atsumi R, Nakada T, Hayakawa I, Abe Y, Agatsuma T. DS-8201a, A Novel HER2-Targeting ADC with a Novel DNA Topoisomerase I Inhibitor, Demonstrates a Promising Antitumor Efficacy with Differentiation from T-DM1. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:5097-5108. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Bull-Hansen B, Berstad MB, Berg K, Cao Y, Skarpen E, Fremstedal AS, Rosenblum MG, Peng Q, Weyergang A. Photochemical activation of MH3-B1/rGel: a HER2-targeted treatment approach for ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:12436-51. [PMID: 26002552 PMCID: PMC4494949 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
HER2-targeted therapy has been shown to have limited efficacy in ovarian cancer despite frequent overexpression of this receptor. Photochemical internalization (PCI) is a modality for cytosolic drug delivery, currently undergoing clinical evaluation. In the present project we studied the application of PCI in combination with the HER2-targeted recombinant fusion toxin, MH3-B1/rGel, for the treatment of ovarian cancer. The SKOV-3 cell line, resistant to trastuzumab- and MH3-B1/rGel- monotherapy, was shown to respond strongly to PCI of MH3-B1/rGel to a similar extent as observed for the treatment-sensitive SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells. Extensive hydrolytic degradation of MH3-B1/rGel in acidic endocytic vesicles was indicated as the mechanism of MH3-B1/rGel resistance in SKOV-3 cells. This was shown by the positive Pearson's correlation coefficient between Alexa488-labeled MH3-B1/rGel and Lysotracker in SKOV-3 cells in contrast to the negative Pearson's correlation coefficient in SK-BR-3 cells. The application of PCI to induce the release of MH3-B1/rGel was also demonstrated to be effective on SKOV-3 xenografts. Application of PCI with MH3-B1/rGel was further found highly effective in the HER2 expressing HOC-7 and NuTu-19 ovarian cancer cell lines. The presented results warrant future development of PCI in combination with MH3-B1/rGel as a novel therapeutic approach in preclinical models of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente Bull-Hansen
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria B Berstad
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Berg
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yu Cao
- Immunopharmacology and Targeted Therapy Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Current address: The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ellen Skarpen
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ane Sofie Fremstedal
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael G Rosenblum
- Immunopharmacology and Targeted Therapy Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qian Peng
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anette Weyergang
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Koh B, Li X, Zhang B, Yuan B, Lin Y, Antaris AL, Wan H, Gong M, Yang J, Zhang X, Liang Y, Dai H. Visible to Near-Infrared Fluorescence Enhanced Cellular Imaging on Plasmonic Gold Chips. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:457-465. [PMID: 26663862 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201502182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and sensitive detections of a variety of surface and intracellular proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular biomarkers are important to elucidating biological signaling pathways and to devising disease diagnostics and therapeutics. Here, sensitive imaging and detection of cellular proteins on fluorescence-enhancing, nanostructured plasmonic gold (pGold) chips is presented. Imaging of fluorescently labeled cellular biomarkers on pGold is enhanced by 2-30-fold in the visible to near infrared (NIR) range of ≈500-900 nm. The high fluorescence enhancement of >700 nm significantly improves the dynamic range and signal/background ratios of NIR imaging, allowing high-performance multicolor imaging in the visible-NIR range using high quantum yield (QY) visible dyes and lower QY NIR fluorophores. Further, multiple cellular proteins of single cells of various cell types can be detected through microarraying of cells, useful for potentially hundreds and thousands different types of cells assayed on a single chip down to small cell numbers. This work suggests a simple, high throughput, high sensitivity, and multiplexed single-cell analysis method on fluorescence enhancing plasmonic substrates in the entire visible to NIR window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byumseok Koh
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Bing Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | | | - Hao Wan
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ming Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jiang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yongye Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Hongjie Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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Sorace AG, Quarles CC, Whisenant JG, Hanker AB, McIntyre JO, Sanchez VM, Yankeelov TE. Trastuzumab improves tumor perfusion and vascular delivery of cytotoxic therapy in a murine model of HER2+ breast cancer: preliminary results. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 155:273-84. [PMID: 26791520 PMCID: PMC4833210 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-3680-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
To employ in vivo imaging and histological techniques to identify and quantify vascular changes early in the course of treatment with trastuzumab in a murine model of HER2+ breast cancer. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) was used to quantitatively characterize vessel perfusion/permeability (via the parameter K (trans) ) and the extravascular extracellular volume fraction (v e ) in the BT474 mouse model of HER2+ breast cancer (N = 20) at baseline, day one, and day four following trastuzumab treatment (10 mg/kg). Additional cohorts of mice were used to quantify proliferation (Ki67), microvessel density (CD31), pericyte coverage (α-SMA) by immunohistochemistry (N = 44), and to quantify human VEGF-A expression (N = 29) throughout the course of therapy. Longitudinal assessment of combination doxorubicin ± trastuzumab (N = 42) tested the hypothesis that prior treatment with trastuzumab will increase the efficacy of subsequent doxorubicin therapy. Compared to control tumors, trastuzumab-treated tumors exhibited a significant increase in K (trans) (P = 0.035) on day four, indicating increased perfusion and/or vessel permeability and a simultaneous significant increase in v e (P = 0.01), indicating increased cell death. Immunohistochemical and ELISA analyses revealed that by day four the trastuzumab-treated tumors had a significant increase in vessel maturation index (i.e., the ratio of α-SMA to CD31 staining) compared to controls (P < 0.001) and a significant decrease in VEGF-A (P = 0.03). Additionally, trastuzumab dosing prior to doxorubicin improved the overall effectiveness of the therapies (P < 0.001). This study identifies and validates improved perfusion characteristics following trastuzumab therapy, resulting in an improvement in trastuzumab-doxorubicin combination therapy in a murine model of HER2+ breast cancer. This data suggests properties of vessel maturation. In particular, the use of DCE-MRI, a clinically available imaging method, following treatment with trastuzumab may provide an opportunity to optimize the scheduling and improve delivery of subsequent cytotoxic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna G. Sorace
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA,Vanderbilt Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, AA-1105 Medical Center North, 1161 21st Ave South, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, USA
| | - C. Chad Quarles
- Division of Neuroimaging Research, Barrow Neurological Institute, Dignity Health, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Jennifer G. Whisenant
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA,Vanderbilt Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, AA-1105 Medical Center North, 1161 21st Ave South, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, USA
| | - Ariella B. Hanker
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J. Oliver McIntyre
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA,Vanderbilt Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, AA-1105 Medical Center North, 1161 21st Ave South, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, USA,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Violeta M. Sanchez
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thomas E. Yankeelov
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA,Vanderbilt Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, AA-1105 Medical Center North, 1161 21st Ave South, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, USA,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA,Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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41
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Kan S, Koido S, Okamoto M, Hayashi K, Ito M, Kamata Y, Komita H, Nagasaki E, Homma S. Up-regulation of HER2 by gemcitabine enhances the antitumor effect of combined gemcitabine and trastuzumab emtansine treatment on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:726. [PMID: 26475267 PMCID: PMC4609140 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1772-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAs) widely express HER2, the expression level is generally low. If HER2 expression in PDA cells could be enhanced by treatment with a given agent, then combination therapy with that agent and trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1), a chemotherapeutic agent that is a conjugate of trastuzumab, might lead to significant antitumor effects against PDA. Methods Cell proliferation was examined by spectrophotometry. HER2 expression was examined by flow cytometry, immunoblot and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. T-DM1 binding to cells was examined by flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Out of 5 tested human PDA cell lines, including MIA PaCa-2, three showed increases in HER2 expression after gemcitabine (GEM) treatment. The binding of T-DM1 to GEM-treated MIA PaCa-2 cells was higher than to untreated MIA PaCa-2 cells. Treatment with GEM and T-DM1 showed synergic cytotoxic effects on MIA PaCa-2 cells in vitro. Cells in the G2M phase of the cell cycle were retained after GEM treatment and showed higher levels of HER2 expression, possibly contributing to the synergic effect of GEM and T-DM1. Conclusions Combined treatment with GEM and T-DM1 might confer a potent therapeutic modality against PDA as a result of GEM-mediated HER2 up-regulation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1772-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Kan
- Division of Oncology, Research Center for Medical Sciences, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shigeo Koido
- Division of Oncology, Research Center for Medical Sciences, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. .,Division of Gastroenter ology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masato Okamoto
- Department of Advanced Immunotherapeutics, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kazumi Hayashi
- Division of Oncology, Research Center for Medical Sciences, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. .,Division of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masaki Ito
- Division of Oncology, Research Center for Medical Sciences, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yuko Kamata
- Division of Oncology, Research Center for Medical Sciences, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hideo Komita
- Shimbashi Medical Checkup Office, Jikei University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Eijiro Nagasaki
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Sadamu Homma
- Division of Oncology, Research Center for Medical Sciences, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Multifunctional liposomes having target specificity, temperature-triggered release, and near-infrared fluorescence imaging for tumor-specific chemotherapy. J Control Release 2015; 216:69-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Kurozumi S, Inoue K, Takei H, Matsumoto H, Kurosumi M, Horiguchi J, Takeyoshi I, Oyama T. ER, PgR, Ki67, p27(Kip1), and histological grade as predictors of pathological complete response in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy using taxanes followed by fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide concomitant with trastuzumab. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:622. [PMID: 26345461 PMCID: PMC4562359 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1641-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with taxanes followed by fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FEC), and concurrent trastuzumab is a potent regimen for HER2 over-expressing breast cancer. A high pathological complete response (pCR) rate has been achieved using this regimen; however, the predictive factors and prognostic effects of pCR currently remain unclear. In the present study, we determined whether pCR was related to histological grade (HG) and several biological factors including p27Kip1. We also assessed the prognosis of the pCR and non-pCR groups, and expected differences between those positive and negative for lymph node metastasis after chemotherapy. Methods A total of 129 Japanese women with HER2-positive invasive breast cancer received either paclitaxel or docetaxel followed by FEC, with the concomitant administration of trastuzumab. The statuses of HG, ER, PgR, Ki67, and p27Kip1 were evaluated to determine their relationship with pCR. Relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were also analyzed for their relationship with pCR and pathological nodal involvement. Results pCR was obtained in 84 out of 129 patients and the pCR rate was 65.1 %. The pCR rates related to 5 factors were as follows: HG (grade 3, 70.0 % vs. grades 1–2, 36.8 %), ER (negative, 78.6 % vs. positive, 40.0 %), PgR (negative, 75.3 % vs. positive, 38.9 %), Ki67 (high, 72.0 % vs. low, 47.2 %), and p27Kip1 (low, 71.0 % vs. high, 50.0 %). RFS was significantly better in the pCR group than in the non-pCR group (p = 0.018). Patients with remaining nodal disease in the pCR group had worse OS (p = 0.0002). Conclusions High-HG, low-ER, low-PgR, high-Ki67, and low-p27Kip1 were identified as predictive factors of pCR in NAC with trastuzumab, while pCR and negative nodes were predictive of better survivals. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1641-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasagu Kurozumi
- Division of Breast Surgery, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Inoue
- Division of Breast Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Takei
- Division of Breast Surgery, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan.
| | | | - Masafumi Kurosumi
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Cancer Center, 780 Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan.
| | - Jun Horiguchi
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
| | - Izumi Takeyoshi
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
| | - Tetsunari Oyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
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Jarantow SW, Bushey BS, Pardinas JR, Boakye K, Lacy ER, Sanders R, Sepulveda MA, Moores SL, Chiu ML. Impact of Cell-surface Antigen Expression on Target Engagement and Function of an Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor × c-MET Bispecific Antibody. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:24689-704. [PMID: 26260789 PMCID: PMC4598982 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.651653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of engaging multiple drug targets using bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) is affected by the relative cell-surface protein levels of the respective targets. In this work, the receptor density values were correlated to the in vitro activity of a BsAb (JNJ-61186372) targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-MET). Simultaneous binding of the BsAb to both receptors was confirmed in vitro. By using controlled Fab-arm exchange, a set of BsAbs targeting EGFR and c-MET was generated to establish an accurate receptor quantitation of a panel of lung and gastric cancer cell lines expressing heterogeneous levels of EGFR and c-MET. EGFR and c-MET receptor density levels were correlated to the respective gene expression levels as well as to the respective receptor phosphorylation inhibition values. We observed a bias in BsAb binding toward the more highly expressed of the two receptors, EGFR or c-MET, which resulted in the enhanced in vitro potency of JNJ-61186372 against the less highly expressed target. On the basis of these observations, we propose an avidity model of how JNJ-61186372 engages EGFR and c-MET with potentially broad implications for bispecific drug efficacy and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W Jarantow
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477 and
| | - Barbara S Bushey
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477 and
| | - Jose R Pardinas
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477 and
| | - Ken Boakye
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477 and
| | - Eilyn R Lacy
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477 and
| | - Renouard Sanders
- Janssen Diagnostics, Janssen Research and Development, Huntingdon Valley, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Manuel A Sepulveda
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477 and
| | - Sheri L Moores
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477 and
| | - Mark L Chiu
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477 and
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45
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A novel humanized anti-HER2 antibody conjugated with MMAE exerts potent anti-tumor activity. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 153:123-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3503-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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46
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Eradication of growth of HER2-positive ovarian cancer with trastuzumab-DM1, an antibody-cytotoxic drug conjugate in mouse xenograft model. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2015; 24:1158-64. [PMID: 24987913 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ovarian cancer is 1 kind of a highly malignant gynecologic tumor, and current treatments have not achieved satisfactory effects. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted therapies including trastuzumab and trastuzumab-DM1 (T-DM1) (antibody-cytotoxic drug conjugates) have been applied to treat HER2-overexpressing breast cancers in clinic. In the present study, we explored whether T-DM1 could effectively treat HER2-positive human ovarian carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. METHODS HER2 expressions of 6 ovarian cancer cell lines and 2 breast carcinoma cell lines were validated, and the binding capacity of T-DM1 to HER2-positive ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Nude mice bearing intraperitoneal and subcutaneous SKOV3 xenografts were used to investigate the antitumor effect of T-DM1. RESULTS High HER2 expressions in SKOV3 cell lines were detected. The binding capacity of T-DM1 to HER2-positive SKOV3 cells was in a similar manner comparing with trastuzumab. In vitro, T-DM1 showed strong growth inhibitory on SKOV3 cells, with IC50 values of 0.15 nmol/L. Nude mice bearing intraperitoneal and subcutaneous SKOV3 xenografts were used to investigate the antitumor effects of T-DM1 in vivo. In subcutaneous xenografts model, T-DM1 (30 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) indicated significant anticancer effects. It is noteworthy that tumors were completely eradicated in the T-DM1 (30 mg/kg) group, and no regrowth was observed in a long time after the termination of the treatment. In the peritoneal xenograft model, tumor nodules in 3 of 7 mice were hardly observed in the abdominal cavity of mice after intraperitoneal injection of T-DM1 (30 mg/kg). At the same time, tumor nodules from the other 4 mice weighed on the average of only 0.07 g versus 1.77 g in control group. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that T-DM1 possessed promising antitumor effects on HER2-overexpressing ovarian cancer in mouse model, which provided valuable references for the future clinical trials.
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Chung A, Choi M, Han BC, Bose S, Zhang X, Medina-Kauwe L, Sims J, Murali R, Taguiam M, Varda M, Schiff R, Giuliano A, Cui X. Basal Protein Expression Is Associated With Worse Outcome and Trastuzamab Resistance in HER2+ Invasive Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2015; 15:448-457.e2. [PMID: 26248960 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the effect of basal protein expression on trastuzamab response in patients with HER2-positive (HER2(+)) breast cancer who received trastuzamab (T) and in HER2(+) breast cancer cell lines. PATIENTS AND METHODS Expression of cytokeratin (CK) 5/6, CK14, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was evaluated after immunohistochemical staining in paraffin-embedded tissue of 97 patients with stage I to III HER2(+) breast cancer treated with chemotherapy/T. Groups with and without basal protein expression were compared with respect to clinicopathologic parameters and survival. We treated 4 cell lines (2 basal-HER2 [HCC1569, HCC1954] and 2 nonbasal HER2 [BT474, SKBR3]) each with vehicle, T 20 μg/mL, paclitaxel 0.01 μM (P), and T with P (T + P). Cell viability was assessed and HER2 pathway suppression was compared between groups using immunoblot analysis. Mammosphere formation was used to assess breast cancer stem cell properties. RESULTS EGFR expression was significantly associated with cancer-specific survival (CSS) (P = .05). CK5/6 expression strongly correlated with overall and disease-free survival, and CSS (P = .03, P = .04, and P = .03, respectively). Statistical significance was maintained for EGFR and CK5/6 after adjustment for covariates. CK14 was not associated with survival. All cell lines expressed similar levels of HER2. T and P alone inhibited proliferation of nonbasal cell lines; T + P had an additive cytotoxic effect. Basal cells were resistant to T, P inhibited proliferation, but T + P had no additive cytotoxic effect on cell growth in basal cells. Immunoblot analysis showed a significant decrease in phosphorylated Akt levels after treatment with T or T + P in nonbasal cells but not in basal cells. Akt blockade suppressed growth of basal and nonbasal HER2(+) cells. Furthermore, basal HER2 cell lines had increased mammosphere formation, which suggests increased stem cell properties compared with nonbasal HER2 cell lines. CONCLUSION CK5/6 and EGFR expression are predictive of worse prognosis in HER2(+) breast cancer patients treated with T. Basal HER2 breast cancer cell lines are resistant to trastuzamab, which is mediated through the Akt pathway; AKT inhibition abrogates this resistance. Basal HER2 cell lines also have increased stem cell properties, which might play a role in the resistance pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Chung
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.
| | | | | | - Shikha Bose
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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Golkar N, Tamaddon AM, Samani SM. Effect of lipid composition on incorporation of trastuzumab-PEG-lipid into nanoliposomes by post-insertion method: physicochemical and cellular characterization. J Liposome Res 2015; 26:113-25. [DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2015.1048692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Selection of a novel DNA thioaptamer against HER2 structure. Clin Transl Oncol 2015; 17:647-56. [PMID: 26022131 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-015-1292-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human epithelial growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is over-expressed in several malignancies and represents an important therapeutic target. Aptamers are oligonucleotides that may potentially serve as tumor-homing ligand with excellent affinity and specificity for targeted cancer therapy. However, aptamers need to have nuclease resistance in order to function in vivo. The aim of this study was to generate a novel HER2 thioaptamer with enhanced nuclease resistance. METHODS The HER2 thioaptamer is selected in an evolutionary process called systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment. RESULTS The thioaptamer could bind to the extracellular domain of HER2 with a K d of 172 nM and had minimal cross reactivity to trypsin or IgG. Moreover, the thioaptamer was found capable of binding with the HER2-positive breast cancer cells SK-BR-3 and MDA-MB-453, but not the HER2-negative cells MDA-MB-231. Notably, the thioaptamer HY6 largely maintained its structural integrity facing the nucleases in serum, while regular DNA aptamers were mostly digested. Additionally, the thioaptamer retained the capability of binding with the HER2-positive cells in the presence of serum, whereas non-thionated HER2 aptamer lost the binding function. CONCLUSION The results indicated that the selected thioaptamer was more resistant to nuclease than regular DNA aptamers and might potentially function as a HER2-targeting ligand in complicated environment.
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KAN SHIN, KOIDO SHIGEO, OKAMOTO MASATO, HAYASHI KAZUMI, ITO MASAKI, KAMATA YUKO, KOMITA HIDEO, ISHIDAO TAKEFUMI, NAGASAKI EIJIRO, HOMMA SADAMU. Gemcitabine treatment enhances HER2 expression in low HER2-expressing breast cancer cells and enhances the antitumor effects of trastuzumab emtansine. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:504-10. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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