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Nahor O, Israel Á, Barger N, Rubin-Blum M, Luzzatto-Knaan T. Epiphytic microbiome associated with intertidal seaweeds in the Mediterranean Sea: comparative analysis of bacterial communities across seaweed phyla. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18631. [PMID: 39128929 PMCID: PMC11317491 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69362-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The complex interactions between epiphytic bacteria and marine macroalgae are still poorly understood, with limited knowledge about their community structure, interactions, and functions. This study focuses on comparing epiphytic prokaryotes community structure between three seaweed phyla; Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta, and Heterokontophyta in an easternmost rocky intertidal site of the Mediterranean Sea. By taking a snapshot approach and simultaneously collecting seaweed samples from the same habitat, we minimize environmental variations that could affect epiphytic bacterial assembly, thereby emphasizing host specificity. Through 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we identified that the microbial community composition was more similar within the same seaweed phylum host compared to seaweed host from other phyla. Furthermore, exclusive Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) were identified for each algal phyla despite sharing higher taxonomic classifications across the other phyla. Analysis of niche breadth indices uncovers distinctive affinities and potential specialization among seaweed host phyla, with 39% of all ASVs identified as phylum specialists and 13% as generalists. Using taxonomy function prediction, we observed that the taxonomic variability does not significantly impact functional redundancy, suggesting resilience to disturbance. The study concludes that epiphytic bacteria composition is connected to host taxonomy, possibly influenced by shared morphological and chemical traits among genetically related hosts, implying a potential coevolutionary relationship between specific bacteria and their host seaweeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omri Nahor
- Department of Marine Biology, The Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Tel Shikmona, Haifa, Israel
| | - Álvaro Israel
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Tel Shikmona, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nataly Barger
- Department of Marine Biology, The Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Maxim Rubin-Blum
- Department of Marine Biology, The Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Tel Shikmona, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tal Luzzatto-Knaan
- Department of Marine Biology, The Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
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Gómez F, Martel Quintana A, Rodríguez Coello E, Raymond E, Salas R, McClimon JF, Gómez Pinchetti JL. Prorocentrum canariense sp. nov., a case of pseudo-cryptic speciation in the cosmopolitan dinoflagellate P. compressum (Prorocentrales, Dinophyceae). J Eukaryot Microbiol 2024; 71:e13039. [PMID: 38956983 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The planktonic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum compressum is widespread in warm and temperate seas. A strain identified as P. cf. compressum BEA 0681B isolated from the island of Gran Canaria, NE Atlantic Ocean, showed a divergence in rDNA/ITS phylogenies with respect to P. compressum. The Canarian strain was oval, with an average length-to-width ratio of 1.35, smooth thecal surface with less than 150 thecal pores, including oblique pores, sometimes with a bifurcated opening. In contrast, P. compressum was rounder, with a length-to-width ratio < 1.2, with reticulate-foveate ornamentation and 200-300 pores per valve. We propose Prorocentrum canariense sp. nov. These species clustered as the most early-branching lineage in the clade Prorocentrum sensu stricto. Although this clade mainly contains planktonic species, the closer relatives were the benthic species P. tsawwassenense and P. elegans. Interestingly, P. compressum and P. canariense sp. nov. are widely distributed in temperate and warm seas without an apparent morphological adaptation to planktonic life. The formation of two concentric hyaline mucilaginous walls could contribute to this success. We discuss the use of Prorocentrum bidens to solve the nomenclature issue of P. compressum that was described citing a diatom as basionym.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antera Martel Quintana
- Banco Español de Algas, Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global (IOCAG), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Telde, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Eduvigis Rodríguez Coello
- Banco Español de Algas, Fundación Parque Científico Tecnológico, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Telde, Canary Islands, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Salas
- Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global (IOCAG), Parque Científico Tecnológico Marino de Taliarte, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Telde, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Jillian F McClimon
- Biology Department, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Juan Luis Gómez Pinchetti
- Banco Español de Algas, Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global (IOCAG), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Telde, Canary Islands, Spain
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Tong S, Yang D, Qiu JW, Ke C, Wang Z. Podarkeopsischinensis sp. nov. (Annelida, Hesionidae) from southeastern China. Zookeys 2023; 1173:339-355. [PMID: 37588104 PMCID: PMC10425764 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1173.106112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Podarkeopsischinensissp. nov. (Annelida, Hesionidae) is described based on specimens collected from the coast of southeast China. It is the first Podarkeopsis species described from the Indo-Pacific, although there are already nine valid Podarkeopsis species known from other parts of the world. This new species can be distinguished from the other Podarkeopsis species in having a palpostyle as long as the palpophore and double aciculae in both notopodia and neuropodia, and in bearing bifid furcate chaetae which have a smooth base on the shorter tine. A phylogenetic analysis based on the concatenated sequences of five gene fragments (COI, 16S rRNA, 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, and histone H3) from 18 specimens of P.chinensissp. nov. showed that they formed a monophyletic clade that is sister to P.levifuscina. K2P genetic distances indicated that the four gene fragments (COI, 16S rRNA, 18S rRNA, and 28S rRNA) of P.chinensissp. nov. diverged from the corresponding sequences of the closest related species of Podarkeopsis in GenBank and BOLD Systems by 21.1-27.5%, 20.3-23.1%, 0.1-0.2%, and 2.1-3.2%. An identification key is provided for species in the genus Podarkeopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Deyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan, China
| | - Jian-Wen Qiu
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Caihuan Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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Nielsen SS, Alvarez J, Bicout D, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin‐Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Smith CG, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MA, Padalino B, Roberts H, Spoolder H, Ståhl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Arzul I, Dharmaveer S, Olesen NJ, Schiøtt M, Sindre H, Stone D, Vendramin N, Antoniou S, Dhollander S, Karagianni AE, Kero LL, Gnocchi M, Aznar I, Barizzone F, Munoz Guajardo IP, Roberts H. Species which may act as vectors or reservoirs of diseases covered by the Animal Health Law: Listed pathogens of molluscs. EFSA J 2023; 21:e08173. [PMID: 37533748 PMCID: PMC10392592 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vector or reservoir species of five mollusc diseases listed in the Animal Health Law were identified, based on evidence generated through an extensive literature review, to support a possible updating of Regulation (EU) 2018/1882. Mollusc species on or in which Mikrocytos mackini, Perkinsus marinus, Bonamia exitiosa, Bonamia ostreae and Marteilia refringens were detected, in the field or during experiments, were classified as reservoir species with different levels of certainty depending on the diagnostic tests used. Where experimental evidence indicated transmission of the pathogen from a studied species to another known susceptible species, this studied species was classified as a vector species. Although the quantification of the risk of spread of the pathogens by the vectors or reservoir species was not part of the terms of reference, such risks do exist for the vector species, since transmission from infected vector species to susceptible species was proven. Where evidence for transmission from infected molluscs was not found, these were defined as reservoir. Nonetheless, the risk of the spread of the pathogens from infected reservoir species cannot be excluded. Evidence identifying conditions that may prevent transmission by vectors or reservoir mollusc species during transport was collected from scientific literature. It was concluded that it is very likely to almost certain (90-100%) that M. mackini, P. marinus, B. exitiosa B. ostreae and M. refringens will remain infective at any possible transport condition. Therefore, vector or reservoir species that may have been exposed to these pathogens in an affected area in the wild or at aquaculture establishments or through contaminated water supply can possibly transmit these pathogens. For transmission of M. refringens, the presence of an intermediate host, a copepod, is necessary.
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Du FC, Li YH, Xu KD. Morphology and molecular phylogeny of Pleurosigmapacificum sp. nov. (Pleurosigmataceae), a new tropical pelagic species from the Western Pacific Ocean. PHYTOKEYS 2023; 227:99-108. [PMID: 37303594 PMCID: PMC10257139 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.227.103890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A new species of pelagic diatom, Pleurosigmapacificumsp. nov., is described from the tropical Western Pacific Ocean. It has the typical features of Pleurosigma, including a slightly sigmoid raphe, intersected transverse and oblique striae, and loculate areolae with external opening slits and internal poroids. Morphologically, P.pacificum belongs to a species group of Pleurosigma with lanceolate valves, including P.atlanticum Heiden & Kolbe, P.nubecula W. Smith, P.indicum Simonsen, and P.simonsenii Hasle. However, P.pacificum differs by its smaller lanceolate valve and smaller intersection angle as well as elliptical areolae without a silica bar. The SSU rDNA and rbcL sequence data place P.pacificum in a basal position relative to other species of Pleurosigma. Our molecular phylogenetic analyses did not support the monophyly of lanceolate and slightly sigmoid species. Thus, the sigmoidality of valve outline cannot be considered as a criterion to define the species group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Chao Du
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, ChinaInstitute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yu-Hang Li
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, ChinaInstitute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Kui-Dong Xu
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, ChinaInstitute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, ChinaPilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina
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Gómez F, Gourvil P, Li T, Huang Y, Zhang H, Courcot L, Artigas LF, Soler Onís E, Gutiérrez-Rodríguez A, Lin S. Molecular phylogeny of the spiny-surfaced species of the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum with the description of P. thermophilum sp. nov. and P. criophilum sp. nov. (Prorocentrales, Dinophyceae). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2023; 59:70-86. [PMID: 36333277 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Spiny-surfaced species of Prorocentrum form harmful algal blooms, and its taxonomic identity is obscure due to the size and shape variability. Molecular phylogenies reveal two major clades: one for P. cordatum with sequences mainly retrieved as P. minimum, and the other for P. shikokuense with sequences also retrieved as P. dentatum and P. donghaiense. Several closely related clades still need to be characterized. Here, we provide nuclear SSU and LSU rRNA genes, and nuclear ITS region (ITS1-5.8S gene-ITS2) sequences of the strain CCMP3122 isolated from Florida (initially named P. donghaiense) and strains Prorocentrum sp. RCC6871-2 from the Ross Sea, Antarctica. We describe Prorocentrum thermophilum sp. nov. based on the strain CCMP3122, a species also distributed in the open waters of the Gulf of Mexico, New Zealand, and the Arabian Gulf; and Prorocentrum criophilum sp. nov. based on the strain RCC6872, which is distributed in the Antarctic Ocean and Arctic Sea. Prorocentrum thermophilum is roundish (~14 μm long, ~12 μm wide), with an inconspicuous anterior spine-like prolongation under light microscopy, valves with tiny, short knobs (5-7 per μm2 ), and several (<7) large trichocyst pores (~0.3 μm) in the right valve, as well as smaller pores (~0.15 μm). Prorocentrum criophilum is round in valve view (~11 μm long, 10 μm wide) and asymmetrically roundish in lateral view, the periflagellar area was not discernible under light microscopy, valves with very tiny, short knobs (6-10 per μm2 ), and at least 12 large pores in the right valve. Other potentially undescribed species of spiny-surfaced Prorocentrum are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Gómez
- Carmen Campos Panisse 3, E-11500, Puerto de Santa María, Spain
| | - Priscillia Gourvil
- Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Tangcheng Li
- Marine Biodiversity and Global Change Research Center and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yulin Huang
- Marine Biodiversity and Global Change Research Center and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, Connecticut, 06340, USA
| | - Lucie Courcot
- Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, CNRS UMR 8187, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Université de Lille, IRD, Wimereux, 62930, France
| | - Luis F Artigas
- Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, CNRS UMR 8187, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Université de Lille, IRD, Wimereux, 62930, France
| | - Emilio Soler Onís
- Observatorio Canario de Algas Nocivas, FPCT - Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Parque Científico Tecnológico Marino de Taliarte, Telde, 35214, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | | | - Senjie Lin
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, Connecticut, 06340, USA
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Hałakuc P, Karnkowska A, Milanowski R. Typical structure of rRNA coding genes in diplonemids points to two independent origins of the bizarre rDNA structures of euglenozoans. BMC Ecol Evol 2022; 22:59. [PMID: 35534840 PMCID: PMC9082867 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-022-02014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Members of Euglenozoa (Discoba) are known for unorthodox rDNA organization. In Euglenida rDNA is located on extrachromosomal circular DNA. In Kinetoplastea and Euglenida the core of the large ribosomal subunit, typically formed by the 28S rRNA, consists of several smaller rRNAs. They are the result of the presence of additional internal transcribed spacers (ITSs) in the rDNA. Diplonemea is the third of the main groups of Euglenozoa and its members are known to be among the most abundant and diverse protists in the oceans. Despite that, the rRNA of only one diplonemid species, Diplonema papillatum, has been examined so far and found to exhibit continuous 28S rRNA. Currently, the rDNA organization has not been researched for any diplonemid. Herein we investigate the structure of rRNA genes in classical (Diplonemidae) and deep-sea diplonemids (Eupelagonemidae), representing the majority of known diplonemid diversity. The results fill the gap in knowledge about diplonemid rDNA and allow better understanding of the evolution of the fragmented structure of the rDNA in Euglenozoa. Results We used available genomic (culture and single-cell) sequencing data to assemble complete or almost complete rRNA operons for three classical and six deep-sea diplonemids. The rDNA sequences acquired for several euglenids and kinetoplastids were used to provide the background for the analysis. In all nine diplonemids, 28S rRNA seems to be contiguous, with no additional ITSs detected. Similarly, no additional ITSs were detected in basal prokinetoplastids. However, we identified five additional ITSs in the 28S rRNA of all analysed metakinetoplastids, and up to twelve in euglenids. Only three of these share positions, and they cannot be traced back to their common ancestor. Conclusions Presented results indicate that independent origin of additional ITSs in euglenids and kinetoplastids seems to be the most likely. The reason for such unmatched fragmentation remains unknown, but for some reason euglenozoan ribosomes appear to be prone to 28S rRNA fragmentation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12862-022-02014-9.
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Zhang QC, Wang YF, Song MJ, Wang JX, Ji NJ, Liu C, Kong FZ, Yan T, Yu RC. First record of a Takayama bloom in Haizhou Bay in response to dissolved organic nitrogen and phosphorus. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 178:113572. [PMID: 35381462 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Since 1990s, harmful algal blooms (HABs) of Kareniaceae, primarily caused by species of Karenia and Karlodinium and rarely by Takayama species, have been substantially increasing in frequency and duration in the coastal waters of China. In this study, we recorded a bloom of high abundance of T. acrotrocha in the Haizhou Bay, the Yellow Sea in September 2020, which is the first record of a Takayama bloom in the temperate coastal waters of China. We found that high concentrations of DON and DOP accelerated the proliferation of T. acrotrocha in the Haizhou Bay. Intensive mariculture, and terrestrial nitrogen and phosphorus input may be responsible for the eutrophication in the Haizhou Bay featuring high concentrations of DON and DOP, and high DIN/DIP ratios. The results suggested that, under ocean warming, the HABs of Kareniaceae are becoming increasingly dominant in eutrophic temperate coasts with intensive mariculture activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Chun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yun-Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Min-Jie Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin-Xiu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nan-Jing Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Chao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fan-Zhou Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Tian Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ren-Cheng Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Wang Z, Xu T, Qiu JW, Ji Y, Yu Z, Ke C. Morphological analysis of Rhynchospio aff. asiatica (Annelida: Spionidae) and comments on the phylogeny and reproduction of the family Spionidae. JOURNAL OF OCEANOLOGY AND LIMNOLOGY 2022; 40:1257-1276. [PMID: 35194518 PMCID: PMC8854475 DOI: 10.1007/s00343-021-1068-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The genus Rhynchospio has fronto-lateral horns on prostomium, paired branchiae from chaetiger 2 to near the posterior end, capillary notochaetae only, and more than two pairs of pygidial cirri. Rhynchospio species are common in coastal soft bottom communities; nevertheless, many recorded Rhynchospio specimens around the world are currently undescribed. Here we described a Rhynchospio species based on specimens collected from Qingdao, China. Comparison with the reported DNA sequences of four gene markers (16S rRNA, 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, and Histone H3) and brief morphological description of specimens collected from Jinhae Bay, South Korea, previously reported as Rhynchospio aff asiatica, indicated that they are conspecific. Morphologically, specimens of R. aff. asiatica from Qingdao are characterized by having neuropodial hooded hooks from chaetigers 14-17 (vs. 10-23 in R. asiatica) to near pygidial chaetigers, sperm from chaetiger 11 to 14 (vs. from chaetiger 11 to 21-22 in R. asiatica), oocytes from chaetigers 16-17 to 26-39 (vs. from 22-24 in R. asiatica), and 4-6 (vs. up to 6 in R. asiatica) pygidial cirri. Genetically, Rhynchospio aff. asiatica is most closely related to R. arenincola Hartman, 1936 from California, USA with the interspecific distances of 20.02% (16S rRNA), 4.50% (18S rRNA), 8.44% (28S rRNA), 2.74% (Histone H3), and 6.10% (concatenated sequences). Water flow across the dorsum created by ciliary beating of the branchiae and nototrochs, observed on live specimens, may help transport gametes from reproductive segments in anterior and middle parts to the posterior brooding segments. Phylogenetic trees based on concatenated sequences of four gene markers of 54 spioniform species in 25 genera revealed two clades, covering the two subfamilies Spioninae and Nerininae respectively. Two families (i.e., Poecilochaetidae and Trochochaetidae) in the order Spionida were clustered within Spionidae, supporting a morphology-based proposal that these families bearing a pair of prehensile, grooved palps should be grouped within a more broadly defined family Spionidae. Mapping morphological and reproductive characteristics to the phylogenetic trees indicated that the ancestor of spionids might lack branchiae, broadcast spawn thick-envelop oocytes and ect-aquasperm, and produce planktotrophic larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458 China
- Department of Biology and Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, 999077 China
| | - Jian-Wen Qiu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458 China
- Department of Biology and Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, 999077 China
| | - Yinglu Ji
- North China Sea Marine Forecasting Center of State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266061 China
| | - Zishan Yu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Caihuan Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 China
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Barone ME, Murphy E, Parkes R, Fleming GTA, Campanile F, Thomas OP, Touzet N. Antibacterial Activity and Amphidinol Profiling of the Marine Dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae (Subclade III). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212196. [PMID: 34830076 PMCID: PMC8618426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae have received growing interest for their capacity to produce bioactive metabolites. This study aimed at characterising the antimicrobial potential of the marine dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae strain LACW11, isolated from the west of Ireland. Amphidinolides have been identified as cytotoxic polyoxygenated polyketides produced by several Amphidinium species. Phylogenetic inference assigned our strain to Amphidinium carterae subclade III, along with isolates interspersed in different geographic regions. A two-stage extraction and fractionation process of the biomass was carried out. Extracts obtained after stage-1 were tested for bioactivity against bacterial ATCC strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The stage-2 solid phase extraction provided 16 fractions, which were tested against S. aureus and E. faecalis. Fractions I, J and K yielded minimum inhibitory concentrations between 16 μg/mL and 256 μg/mL for both Gram-positive. A targeted metabolomic approach using UHPLC-HRMS/MS analysis applied on fractions G to J evidenced the presence of amphidinol type compounds AM-A, AM-B, AM-22 and a new derivative dehydroAM-A, with characteristic masses of m/z 1361, 1463, 1667 and 1343, respectively. Combining the results of the biological assays with the targeted metabolomic approach, we could conclude that AM-A and the new derivative dehydroAM-A are responsible for the detected antimicrobial bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Barone
- Centre for Environmental Research, Sustainability and Innovation, Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Ln, Ballytivnan, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland; (M.E.B.); (R.P.)
| | - Elliot Murphy
- Marine Biodiversity, School of Chemistry, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland;
| | - Rachel Parkes
- Centre for Environmental Research, Sustainability and Innovation, Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Ln, Ballytivnan, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland; (M.E.B.); (R.P.)
| | - Gerard T. A. Fleming
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Natural Science, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland;
| | - Floriana Campanile
- Medical Molecular Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Laboratory (MMARLab), Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia n. 97, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Olivier P. Thomas
- Marine Biodiversity, School of Chemistry, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland;
- Correspondence: (O.P.T.); (N.T.)
| | - Nicolas Touzet
- Centre for Environmental Research, Sustainability and Innovation, Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Ln, Ballytivnan, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland; (M.E.B.); (R.P.)
- Correspondence: (O.P.T.); (N.T.)
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11
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Yu RC, Zhang QC, Liu Y, Chen ZF, Geng HX, Dai L, Lin ZR, Tang WJ, Kong FZ, Yan T, Zhou MJ. The dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella producing only carbamate toxins may account for the seafood poisonings in Qinhuangdao, China. HARMFUL ALGAE 2021; 103:101980. [PMID: 33980430 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.101980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An outbreak of paralytic shellfish poisoning, recorded in April 2016 in Qinhuangdao China, was suspected to be caused by a toxic species in genus Alexandrium. Shortly after the poisoning outbreak, shellfish and net-concentrated phytoplankton samples were collected from the Bohai Sea, and analysed using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection. Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) were detected in both phytoplankton and shellfish samples, with similar toxin profiles dominated by carbamate toxins. High throughput sequencing data for phytoplankton samples collected previously in the coastal waters of Qinhuangdao were then analysed, and 8 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were assigned to Alexandrium affine, A. andersonii/A. ostenfeldii, A. catenella, A. fraterculus, A. hiranoi/A. pseudogonyaulax, A. margalefii, A. pacificum and A. pohangense, among which A. catenella, A. pacificum and A. ostenfeldii could be potential producers of PSTs. During a cruise in 2019, three isolates of Alexandrium were established by cyst germination, and identified as A. catenella based on the sequences of the 28S ribosomal RNA gene (28S rDNA) D1-D2 region. Interestingly, all the three strains had the same toxin profile consisting of gonyautoxins 1, 3, 4 (GTX1, 3, 4) and neosaxitoxin (NEO). The toxin profile is similar to those of phytoplankton samples collected previously in the coastal waters of Qinhuangdao, but remarkably different from the general toxin profile of A. catenella dominated by N-sulfocarbamoyl toxins C1-2 in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea. The results suggest that A. catenella is most likely to be the causative species of the poisoning outbreak in Qinhuangdao. As far as we know, this is the first report of A. catenella in the Bohai Sea producing PSTs dominated by high potent gonyautoxins GTX1-4. Occurrence of the highly toxic A. catenella will increase the risk of paralytic shellfish poisoning, which necessitates in-depth mechanism studies and increasing monitoring efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Cheng Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Qing-Chun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Zhen-Fan Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Hui-Xia Geng
- Changjiang River Estuary Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Li Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhuo-Ru Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wen-Jiao Tang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Fan-Zhou Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Tian Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ming-Jiang Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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12
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Soyer-Gobillard MO. Protistology and Cell Biology at the Marine Arago Laboratory of Banyuls-sur-Mer (1961-2000): Personal Recollections. Protist 2021; 172:125792. [PMID: 33607482 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2021.125792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The history of protistology and the introduction of modern methods of unicell observations is described in a large maritime laboratory over a period of forty years by the initiator of this new team. The development of this team and the doctoral theses developed there are described as well as the major discoveries made. The Arago Laboratory, which was then in 1960 a field laboratory mainly devoted to the collection of biological material, becomes a research laboratory specializing in the study of the major fundamental problems which govern life: the organization and expression of the genome, mitotic processes and their nuclear and cytoplasmic components, cell cycle and its regulation as well as molecular phylogeny. The biological models chosen were essentially the dinoflagellate protists in their great variety: autotrophs, heterotrophs, myxotrophs and able of proliferating at sea, thus disrupting their cell cycle. Coupled with the techniques of biochemistry and molecular biology which it was in its infancy, the most advanced observation methods used electron and confocal microscopy often after use of ultra-cold cryopreparations, necessary to preserve the antigenic sites and allow the highlighting new proteins. The dinoflagellate model was then abandoned in favor of unicellular micro-eukaryotes allowing the development of environmental genomics.
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13
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Jimi N, Fujimoto S, Takehara M, Imura S. Black spicules from a new interstitial opheliid polychaete Thoracophelia minuta sp. nov. (Annelida: Opheliidae). Sci Rep 2021; 11:1557. [PMID: 33452319 PMCID: PMC7810978 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80702-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The phylum Annelida exhibits high morphological diversity coupled with its extensive ecological diversity, and the process of its evolution has been an attractive research subject for many researchers. Its representatives are also extensively studied in fields of ecology and developmental biology and important in many other biology related disciplines. The study of biomineralisation is one of them. Some annelid groups are well known to form calcified tubes but other forms of biomineralisation are also known. Herein, we report a new interstitial annelid species with black spicules, Thoracophelia minuta sp. nov., from Yoichi, Hokkaido, Japan. Spicules are minute calcium carbonate inclusions found across the body and in this new species, numerous black rod-like inclusions of calcium-rich composition are distributed in the coelomic cavity. The new species can be distinguished from other known species of the genus by these conspicuous spicules, shape of branchiae and body formula. Further, the new species' body size is apparently smaller than its congeners. Based on our molecular phylogenetic analysis using 18S and 28S sequences, we discuss the evolutionary significance of the new species' spicules and also the species' progenetic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Jimi
- National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8518, Japan.
| | - Shinta Fujimoto
- Research Center for Marine Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 9 Asamushi, Aomori, 039-3501, Japan
| | - Mami Takehara
- National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8518, Japan
| | - Satoshi Imura
- National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8518, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8518, Japan
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14
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Pitcher GC, Cembella AD, Krock B, Macey BM, Mansfield L. Do toxic Pseudo-nitzschia species pose a threat to aquaculture in the southern Benguela eastern boundary upwelling system? HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 99:101919. [PMID: 33218444 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The productive but highly exposed coastline of the southern Benguela eastern boundary upwelling system offers limited natural environment for aquaculture. Saldanha Bay located on the west coast of South Africa is one of the few embayments on the coastline that provides a productive and relatively sheltered environment suitable for the cultivation of shellfish. Consequently, bivalve culture in South Africa is centered in Saldanha Bay and is presently targeted for expansion. Pseudo-nitzschia blooms including toxin-producing species are shown to contribute significantly to the phytoplankton of Saldanha Bay specifically in spring and summer. Their dominance at this time of the year, when upwelling is strongest, fits the ecological profile of Pseudo-nitzschia occurring during periods of high turbulence and nutrients. Multiple Pseudo-nitzschia blooms were sampled under varying environmental conditions and the strength of the relationship between Pseudo-nitzschia cell abundance and particulate domoic acid (pDA) content, reflecting bloom toxicity, varied greatly. This variability is the result of the combined influence of species and strain composition of the Pseudo-nitzschia assemblage and the effect of environmental conditions on toxin production. Elevated levels of pDA were associated with higher concentrations of cells of the P. seriata complex differentiated by frustule width (>3 µm). P. australis was identified as a toxin-producing species and a prominent member of the P. seriata complex. Low DA levels in shellfish in Saldanha Bay are considered a function of low cellular domoic acid (cDA). Silicate limitation has emerged as an important factor inducing DA production in Pseudo-nitzschia species. The high ratio of silicate to nitrate in Saldanha Bay provides a plausible explanation for the low toxin content of Pseudo-nitzschia blooms in the bay and the consequent low risk posed by these blooms to the aquaculture sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Pitcher
- Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa.
| | - A D Cembella
- Alfred-Wegener Institut-Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, South Africa
| | - B Krock
- Alfred-Wegener Institut-Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, South Africa
| | - B M Macey
- Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - L Mansfield
- Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment, Cape Town, South Africa
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15
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Accoroni S, Giulietti S, Romagnoli T, Siracusa M, Bacchiocchi S, Totti C. Morphological Variability of Pseudo-nitzschia pungens Clade I (Bacillariophyceae) in the Northwestern Adriatic Sea. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111420. [PMID: 33114135 PMCID: PMC7716229 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pseudo-nitzschia pungens is a common component of the phytoplankton community of the northern Adriatic Sea. In this study, an in-depth morphological analysis of P. pungens was carried out in both cultured strains isolated in different periods and field samples, revealing a surprisingly wide variability in a number of details, with both the gross morphology and ultrastructural levels deviating from the nominal P. pungens. Colonies showed an overlap (from one-third to one-sixth) and a transapical axis (rarely reaching 3 µm), strongly differing from the original description of the species. Moreover, valves may be either symmetrical or slightly asymmetrical, with striae almost always biseriate but sometimes uniseriate or triseriate. Poroids' morphology in cingular bands was characterized by a wide variability (square, circular, or rectangular poroids without or with up to two hymen sectors), with several combination of them, even within the same cingular band. Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS rDNA showed that the P. pungens of the northern Adriatic Sea belonged to clade I. Domoic acid was not detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Accoroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (S.G.); (T.R.); (C.T.)
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche, Via Cupa di Posatora, 3, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.S.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-071-2204919
| | - Sonia Giulietti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (S.G.); (T.R.); (C.T.)
| | - Tiziana Romagnoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (S.G.); (T.R.); (C.T.)
| | - Melania Siracusa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche, Via Cupa di Posatora, 3, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Simone Bacchiocchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche, Via Cupa di Posatora, 3, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Cecilia Totti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (S.G.); (T.R.); (C.T.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, ULR Ancona, Ancona, Italy
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16
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Jimi N, Kimura T, Ogawa A, Kajihara H. Alien worm in worm: a new genus of endoparasitic polychaete (Phyllodocidae, Annelida) from scale worms (Aphroditidae and Polynoidae, Annelida). SYST BIODIVERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2020.1785038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Jimi
- Bioscience group, National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, 190-8518, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taeko Kimura
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, 514-8507, Mie, Japan
| | - Akito Ogawa
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kajihara
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8 Kitaku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
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17
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Lin S, Hu Z, Deng Y, Shang L, Gobler CJ, Tang YZ. An assessment on the intrapopulational and intraindividual genetic diversity in LSU rDNA in the harmful algal blooms-forming dinoflagellate Margalefidinium (= Cochlodinium) fulvescens based on clonal cultures and bloom samples from Jiaozhou Bay, China. HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 96:101821. [PMID: 32560829 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA) sequences have been increasingly used to infer the phylogeny and species identity of organisms, a few previous studies, however, have observed high intraspecific and even intraindividual variability in LSU rDNA in some dinoflagellate species due to, assumably, large copy numbers of rDNA in dinoflagellates. Since the copy number of LSU rDNA varies tremendously among dinoflagellate species, the intraspecific and intraindividual diversity for a species of particular interest thus needs to be investigated individually. As a toxic and HABs-forming dinoflagellate, Margalefidinium (= Cochlodinium) fulvescens has been observed to approach blooming density in Jiaozhou Bay, China since 2015 after numerous blooms having been reported from other countries. In trying to identify the source of this newly observed HABs-forming species in China by sequencing the LSU rDNA for both field samples and clonal cultures, we noticed and thus further investigated high intrapopulational and intraindividual genetic diversities of the dinoflagellate. The D1-D6 region of the LSU rDNA (1,435 bases) was amplified from 7 field samples (pooled cells) and 11 clonal cultures, cloned, sequenced, and analyzed phylogenetically for 2,341 sequences obtained. All the numbers of sequences obtained from each clonal culture were far less than the estimated rDNA copy number in M. fulvescens. In the clone library, only one unique sequence was contained in all samples as the most dominant sequence. We found high intrapopulational and intraindividual genetic diversity in M. fulvescens as reflected in the number of polymorphic sites and unique sequences in the clone library for different field samples and clonal cultures in comparison to other species. The mean number of nucleotide differences of each sequence from different field samples and clonal cultures were 6.43 and 4.42 bases, respectively, with the highest being 132 bases, nearly 10%. The sequences with highest variability may be easily annotated as different species if they were obtained from environmental genomic studies because sequence-based species identification in meta-barcoding studies often use "97% identity" threshold. Based on that the mean and overall intrapopulational genetic diversity calculated for 7 field samples was equivalent to the mean and overall intraindividual variability for 11 clonal cultures in indices of genetic diversity, together with the result of AMOVA analysis, we infer that the variability within individual cells (i.e. variability among LSU rDNA polymorphic copies) caused both the intraindividual and intrapopulational genetic diversities observed in the M. fulvescens population, and a higher interpopulational diversity may exist among different geographic populations. The results provide an insightful basis for such a comprehensive interpopulational comparison and important implications for identifying species and establishing new taxa based on the similarity comparison to reference sequences deposited in databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siheng Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhangxi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yunyan Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lixia Shang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Christopher J Gobler
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA
| | - Ying Zhong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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18
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Diversity and dynamics of relevant nanoplanktonic diatoms in the Western English Channel. ISME JOURNAL 2020; 14:1966-1981. [PMID: 32350410 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-0659-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the ocean, Bacillariophyta are one of the most successful protistan groups. Due to their considerable biogeochemical implications, diatom diversity, development, and seasonality have been at the center of research, specifically large-sized species. In comparison, nanoplanktonic diatoms are mostly disregarded from routine monitoring and are often underrepresented in genetic reference databases. Here, we identified and investigated the temporal dynamics of relevant nanodiatoms occurring in the Western English Channel (SOMLIT-Astan station). Coupling in situ and laboratory approaches, we revealed that nano-species from the genera Minidiscus and Thalassiosira are key components of the phytoplankton community that thrive in these coastal waters, but they display different seasonal patterns. Some species formed recurrent blooms whilst others were persistent year round. These results raise questions about their regulation in the natural environment. Over a full seasonal cycle at the monitoring station, we succeeded in isolating viruses which infect these minute diatoms, suggesting that these mortality agents may contribute to their control. Overall, our study points out the importance of considering nanodiatom communities within time-series surveys to further understand their role and fate in marine systems.
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19
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Accoroni S, Totti C, Romagnoli T, Giulietti S, Glibert PM. Distribution and potential toxicity of benthic harmful dinoflagellates in waters of Florida Bay and the Florida Keys. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 155:104891. [PMID: 32072980 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have been carried out on benthic dinoflagellates along the Florida Keys, and little is known about their distribution or toxicity in Florida Bay. Here, the distribution and abundance of benthic dinoflagellates was explored in northern and eastern Florida Bay and along the bay and ocean sides of the Florida Keys. Isolates were brought into culture and their toxicity was tested with oyster larvae bioassays. Seven genera were detected, including Prorocentrum, Coolia, Ostreopsis, Amphidinium, Gambierdiscus, Fukuyoa (all included potentially toxic species) and Sinophysis. In general, distribution increased with water temperature and nutrient availability, especially that of phosphate. This study documented the first record of Coolia santacroce in the Florida Keys. Potential toxic effects of Gambierdiscus caribaeus, the abundance of which exceeded 1000 cells g-1 fw at some sites, were established using oyster larvae as a bioassay organism. These findings suggest a potential risk of ciguatera fish poisoning in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Accoroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, ULR Ancona, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Totti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, ULR Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Tiziana Romagnoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sonia Giulietti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Patricia M Glibert
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Horn Point Laboratory, P.O. Box 775, Cambridge, MD, 21613, USA
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Harris CM, Reece KS, Stec DF, Scott GP, Jones WM, Hobbs PLM, Harris TM. The toxin goniodomin, produced by Alexandrium spp., is identical to goniodomin A. HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 92:101707. [PMID: 32113590 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.101707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In 1968 Burkholder and associates (J. Antibiot. (Tokyo)1968, 21, 659-664) isolated the antifungal toxin goniodomin from an unidentified Puerto Rican dinoflagellate and partially characterized its structure. Subsequently, a metabolite of Alexandrium hiranoi was isolated by Murakami et al. from a bloom in Japan and its structure was established (Tetrahedron Lett.1988, 29, 1149-1152). The Japanese substance had strong similarities to Burkholder's but due to uncertainty as to whether it was identical or only similar, Murakami named his toxin goniodomin A. A detailed study of this question now provides compelling evidence that Burkholder's goniodomin is identical to goniodomin A. Morphological characterization of the dinoflagellate suggests that it was the genus Alexandrium but insufficient evidence is available to make a definite identification of the species. This is the only report of goniodomin in the Caribbean region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance M Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Kimberly S Reece
- Department of Aquatic Health Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, P.O. Box 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
| | - Donald F Stec
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Gail P Scott
- Department of Aquatic Health Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, P.O. Box 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
| | - William M Jones
- Department of Aquatic Health Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, P.O. Box 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
| | - Patrice L M Hobbs
- Department of Aquatic Health Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, P.O. Box 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
| | - Thomas M Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Department of Aquatic Health Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, P.O. Box 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA.
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21
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Wang Z, Zhang Y, Xie YJ, Qiu JW. Two Species of Fireworms (Annelida: Amphinomidae: Chloeia) from Hong Kong. Zool Stud 2019; 58:e22. [PMID: 31966323 PMCID: PMC6917566 DOI: 10.6620/zs.2019.58-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A new fireworm species and a poorly described species of the genus Chloeia are described on the basis of specimens collected from Hong Kong. The new species, C. bimaculata sp. nov., is characterized by having two distinct mid-dorsal dark spots one behind the other on each segment. It can be distinguished from its sympatric species C. parva, which is characterized by having a mid-dorsal "Y"-shaped dark pigment on each segment. Chloeia bimaculata sp. nov. diverges from C. parva by 16.8% for the COI gene, 4.6% for the 16S rRNA gene and 0.6% for the 28S rRNA gene. Other Chloeia species with the corresponding gene sequences available in the GenBank show greater divergences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education,
Shenzhen, China
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University,
Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education,
Shenzhen, China
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University,
Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang James Xie
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University,
Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian-Wen Qiu
- HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education,
Shenzhen, China
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University,
Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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22
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Bravo I, Rodriguez F, Ramilo I, Rial P, Fraga S. Ciguatera-Causing Dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus spp. (Dinophyceae) in a Subtropical Region of North Atlantic Ocean (Canary Islands): Morphological Characterization and Biogeography. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11070423. [PMID: 31331083 PMCID: PMC6669716 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11070423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dinoflagellates belonging to the genus Gambierdiscus produce ciguatoxins (CTXs), which are metabolized in fish to more toxic forms and subsequently cause ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) in humans. Five species of Gambierdiscus have been described from the Canary Islands, where CTXs in fish have been reported since 2004. Here we present new data on the distribution of Gambierdiscus species in the Canary archipelago and specifically from two islands, La Palma and La Gomera, where the genus had not been previously reported. Gambierdiscus spp. concentrations were low, with maxima of 88 and 29 cells·g−1 wet weight in samples from La Gomera and La Palma, respectively. Molecular analysis (LSUrRNA gene sequences) revealed differences in the species distribution between the two islands: only G. excentricus was detected at La Palma whereas four species, G. australes, G. caribaeus, G. carolinianus, and G. excentricus, were identified from La Gomera. Morphometric analyses of cultured cells of the five Canary Islands species and of field specimens from La Gomera included cell size and a characterization of three thecal arrangement traits: (1) the shape of the 2′ plate, (2) the position of Po in the anterior suture of the 2′ plate, and (3) the length–width relationship of the 2″″ plate. Despite the wide morphological variability within the culture and field samples, the use of two or more variables allowed the discrimination of two species in the La Gomera samples: G. cf. excentricus and G. cf. silvae. A comparison of the molecular data with the morphologically based classification demonstrated important coincidences, such as the dominance of G. excentricus, but also differences in the species composition of Gambierdiscus, as G. caribaeus was detected in the study area only by using molecular methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Bravo
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Francisco Rodriguez
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain
| | - Isabel Ramilo
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain
| | - Pilar Rial
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain
| | - Santiago Fraga
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain
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23
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Fagín E, Bravo I, Garrido JL, Rodríguez F, Figueroa RI. Scrippsiella acuminata versus Scrippsiella ramonii: A Physiological Comparison. Cytometry A 2019; 95:985-996. [PMID: 31273941 PMCID: PMC6771724 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Scrippsiella is a cosmopolitan dinoflagellate genus that is able to form Harmful Algal Blooms in coastal waters. The large physiological, morphological, and genetic variability that characterizes this genus suggest the existence of cryptic species. In this study, flow cytometric analyses were carried out to compare the cell cycle and life cycle of two Scrippsiella strains from two different species: Scrippsiella ramonii (VGO1053) and Scrippsiella acuminata (S3V). Both species were also investigated by internally transcribed spacer rDNA sequencing and high‐performance liquid chromatography‐based pigment analyses. The reddish‐brown color of S. acuminata and yellowish‐green hue of S. ramonii were consistent with the quantitative differences determined in their pigment profiles. Our results indicate that the cell cycle is light‐controlled and that it differs in the two species. S‐phase was detected during the light period in both, whereas the G2/M phase occurred during the light period in S. ramonii but under dark conditions in S. acuminata. The detection of 4C stages, mobile zygotes (planozygotes), and resting cysts in S. ramonii (nonclonal) provided convincing evidence of sexuality in this species. Sexual related processes were not found in the clonal S. acuminata strain, suggesting its heterothallic behavior (i.e., the need for outcrossing). The differences in the genome size of these species were examined as well. © 2019 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Fagín
- Departamento de Microalgas Nocivas, IEO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Isabel Bravo
- Departamento de Microalgas Nocivas, IEO, Vigo, Spain
| | - José Luis Garrido
- Grupo de Fotobiología y Pigmentos del Fitoplancton, IIM-CSIC, Vigo, Spain
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24
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Pandeirada MS, Craveiro SC, Daugbjerg N, Moestrup Ø, Domingues P, Calado AJ. Studies on Woloszynskioid Dinoflagellates X: Ultrastructure, Phylogeny and Colour Variation in
Tovellia rubescens
n. sp. (Dinophyceae). J Eukaryot Microbiol 2019; 66:937-953. [DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana S. Pandeirada
- Department of Biology University of Aveiro Aveiro P‐3810‐193 Portugal
- GeoBioTec Research Unit University of Aveiro Aveiro P‐3810‐193 Portugal
| | - Sandra C. Craveiro
- Department of Biology University of Aveiro Aveiro P‐3810‐193 Portugal
- GeoBioTec Research Unit University of Aveiro Aveiro P‐3810‐193 Portugal
| | - Niels Daugbjerg
- Marine Biological Section Department of Biology University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 4 Copenhagen Ø DK‐2100 Denmark
| | - Øjvind Moestrup
- Marine Biological Section Department of Biology University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 4 Copenhagen Ø DK‐2100 Denmark
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre Department of Chemistry & QOPNA University of Aveiro Aveiro P‐3810‐193 Portugal
| | - António J. Calado
- Department of Biology University of Aveiro Aveiro P‐3810‐193 Portugal
- GeoBioTec Research Unit University of Aveiro Aveiro P‐3810‐193 Portugal
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25
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Garvetto A, Badis Y, Perrineau MM, Rad-Menéndez C, Bresnan E, Gachon CM. Chytrid infecting the bloom-forming marine diatom Skeletonema sp.: Morphology, phylogeny and distribution of a novel species within the Rhizophydiales. Fungal Biol 2019; 123:471-480. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Arsenieff L, Simon N, Rigaut-Jalabert F, Le Gall F, Chaffron S, Corre E, Com E, Bigeard E, Baudoux AC. First Viruses Infecting the Marine Diatom Guinardia delicatula. Front Microbiol 2019; 9:3235. [PMID: 30687251 PMCID: PMC6334475 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine diatom Guinardia delicatula is a cosmopolitan species that dominates seasonal blooms in the English Channel and the North Sea. Several eukaryotic parasites are known to induce the mortality of this species. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of the first viruses that infect G. delicatula. Viruses were isolated from the Western English Channel (SOMLIT-Astan station) during the late summer bloom decline of G. delicatula. A combination of laboratory approaches revealed that these lytic viruses (GdelRNAV) are small tailless particles of 35–38 nm in diameter that replicate in the host cytoplasm where both unordered particles and crystalline arrays are formed. GdelRNAV display a linear single-stranded RNA genome of ~9 kb, including two open reading frames encoding for replication and structural polyproteins. Phylogenetic relationships based on the RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase gene marker showed that GdelRNAV are new members of the Bacillarnavirus, a monophyletic genus belonging to the order Picornavirales. GdelRNAV are specific to several strains of G. delicatula. They were rapidly and largely produced (<12 h, 9.34 × 104 virions per host cell). Our analysis points out the host's variable viral susceptibilities during the early exponential growth phase. Interestingly, we consistently failed to isolate viruses during spring and early summer while G. delicatula developed important blooms. While our study suggests that viruses do contribute to the decline of G. delicatula's late summer bloom, they may not be the primary mortality agents during the remaining blooms at SOMLIT-Astan. Future studies should focus on the relative contribution of the viral and eukaryotic pathogens to the control of Guinardia's blooms to understand the fate of these prominent organisms in marine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Arsenieff
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7144, Diversity and Interactions in Oceanic Plankton - Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Nathalie Simon
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7144, Diversity and Interactions in Oceanic Plankton - Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Fabienne Rigaut-Jalabert
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS Fédération de Recherche FR2424 - Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Florence Le Gall
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7144, Diversity and Interactions in Oceanic Plankton - Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Samuel Chaffron
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Numérique de Nantes (LS2N), CNRS UMR 6004 - Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Erwan Corre
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS Fédération de Recherche FR2424 - Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Emmanuelle Com
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France.,Protim, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Estelle Bigeard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7144, Diversity and Interactions in Oceanic Plankton - Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Anne-Claire Baudoux
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7144, Diversity and Interactions in Oceanic Plankton - Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
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27
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Pitcher GC, Foord CJ, Macey BM, Mansfield L, Mouton A, Smith ME, Osmond SJ, van der Molen L. Devastating farmed abalone mortalities attributed to yessotoxin-producing dinoflagellates. HARMFUL ALGAE 2019; 81:30-41. [PMID: 30638496 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A large dinoflagellate bloom in Walker Bay (South Africa) in January 2017 impacted 3 land-based abalone farms resulting in the death of several million animals. Satellite-derived images of Chl-a from the Ocean and Land Colour Imager (OLCI) on board the European Space Agency Sentinel-3 A showed bloom initiation in late December 2016 and dispersal in mid-February 2017. The bloom was dominated by two dinoflagellate species identified by light microscopy as Gonyaulax spinifera (Claparède & Lachmann) Diesing, 1866 and Lingulodinium polyedrum (Stein) Dodge, 1989. These morphologically based identifications were confirmed by phylogenetic analysis using partial sequences of the large subunit rDNA of both dinoflagellates. The appearance of yessotoxins (YTX) in abalone clearly coincided with increases in dinoflagellate concentrations. Yessotoxins in both the plankton and abalone were dominated by the two analogues homo-YTX and 45-hydroxy-YTX. The absence of toxins in a clonal culture of L. polyedrum implicated G. spinifera as the likely source of YTX. Toxin concentrations were found to be highest in the gills which showed the most significant pathology, including severe, generalized disruption of the gill epithelium characterized by degeneration and necrosis of epithelial cells accompanied by a modest inflammatory response. Some farms undertook pre-emptive or emergency harvesting to reduce financial losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant C Pitcher
- Fisheries Management Branch, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Charles J Foord
- Fisheries Management Branch, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Brett M Macey
- Fisheries Management Branch, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lisa Mansfield
- Fisheries Management Branch, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anna Mouton
- Independent Researcher, Stanford, South Africa
| | - Marie E Smith
- NRE Earth Observation, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Cape Town, South Africa
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28
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Accoroni S, Ceci M, Tartaglione L, Romagnoli T, Campanelli A, Marini M, Giulietti S, Dell'Aversano C, Totti C. Role of temperature and nutrients on the growth and toxin production of Prorocentrum hoffmannianum (Dinophyceae) from the Florida Keys. HARMFUL ALGAE 2018; 80:140-148. [PMID: 30502806 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The benthic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum hoffmannianum M.A. Faust is typical of tropical warm waters and produces biotoxins responsible for diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). In this study, the effect of temperature and nutrient limitation on growth and toxin production of P. hoffmannianum isolated from field samples collected in the Florida Keys was investigated. Batch culture experiments were ran at two temperatures (i.e. 21 ± 0.1 and 27 ± 0.1 °C) and under nitrogen-limited (14.7 μmol L-1 N-NO3- and 18.1 μmol L-1 P-PO43-) and phosphorus-limited (441 μmol L-1 N-NO3- and 0.6 μmol L-1 P-PO43-) levels with respect to control nutrient conditions (441 μmol L-1 N-NO3-and 18.1 μmol L-1 P-PO43-). Both temperature and nutrient conditions significantly affected growth rates and maximum yield of P. hoffmannianum with the maximum values being recorded at the higher temperature and in the replete medium. Production of okadaic acid was induced under all conditions (from 13.5 to 859.8 pg cell-1), with values up to one order of magnitude higher than those observed in other DSP toxin producing species. Toxin production was enhanced under P limitation at 27 °C, corroborating the theory that toxin production is modulated by cell physiological conditions, which are in turn affected by a wide spectrum of factors, including environmental stressors such as nutrient availability. Toxin fraction released in the growth medium was negligible. No okadaic acid esters were detected in this strain of P. hoffmannianum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Accoroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, ULR Ancona, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Martina Ceci
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Luciana Tartaglione
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, ULR Ancona, Ancona, Italy; Dipartimento di Farmacia, Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Tiziana Romagnoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Campanelli
- National Research Council, CNR-IRBIM, Largo Fiera della Pesca, 2, 60125, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mauro Marini
- National Research Council, CNR-IRBIM, Largo Fiera della Pesca, 2, 60125, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sonia Giulietti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Carmela Dell'Aversano
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, ULR Ancona, Ancona, Italy; Dipartimento di Farmacia, Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Cecilia Totti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, ULR Ancona, Ancona, Italy
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29
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Rodríguez F, Riobó P, Crespín GD, Daranas AH, de Vera CR, Norte M, Fernández JJ, Fraga S. The toxic benthic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum maculosum Faust is a synonym of Prorocentrum hoffmannianum Faust. HARMFUL ALGAE 2018; 78:1-8. [PMID: 30196917 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Three strains of the toxic benthic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum hoffmannianum were isolated in the Canary Islands (north-east Atlantic Ocean, Spain). The identity of the strains was determined by phylogenetic analyses of partial LSU rDNA (D1-D2 regions) but their morphology based on SEM images corresponded to P. maculosum. Their toxin profiles were analyzed by liquid chromatography and high resolution mass spectrometry analysis (LC-HRMS) on cell extracts and culture media. Okadaic acid and three analogs were detected in all strains. Rather, in culture media the detected compounds were variable among strains, two of them being okadaic acid analogs not found on cell extracts. As a result, the taxonomy of the species was revised and P. maculosum is proposed as a junior synonym of P. hoffmannianum whose description is emended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Rodríguez
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Pilar Riobó
- Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Guillermo D Crespín
- Institute for Bio-Organic Chemistry "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), University of La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain.
| | - Antonio H Daranas
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Spain.
| | - Caterina R de Vera
- Institute for Bio-Organic Chemistry "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), University of La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain.
| | - Manuel Norte
- Institute for Bio-Organic Chemistry "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), University of La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain.
| | - José Javier Fernández
- Institute for Bio-Organic Chemistry "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), University of La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain.
| | - Santiago Fraga
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain.
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30
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Potvin É, Kim SY, Yang EJ, Head MJ, Kim HC, Nam SI, Yim JH, Kang SH. Islandinium minutum
subsp. barbatum
subsp. nov. (Dinoflagellata), a New Organic-Walled Dinoflagellate Cyst from the Western Arctic: Morphology, Phylogenetic Position Based on SSU rDNA and LSU rDNA, and Distribution. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2018; 65:750-772. [DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Éric Potvin
- Division of Polar Ocean Sciences; Korea Polar Research Institute; Songdo Incheon 406-840 South Korea
| | - So-Young Kim
- Division of Polar Ocean Sciences; Korea Polar Research Institute; Songdo Incheon 406-840 South Korea
| | - Eun Jin Yang
- Division of Polar Ocean Sciences; Korea Polar Research Institute; Songdo Incheon 406-840 South Korea
| | - Martin J. Head
- Department of Earth Sciences; Brock University; St. Catharines Ontario L2S 3A1 Canada
| | - Hyun-cheol Kim
- Unit of Arctic Sea-Ice Prediction; Korea Polar Research Institute; Songdo Incheon 406-840 South Korea
| | - Seung-Il Nam
- Division of Polar Paleoenvironment; Korea Polar Research Institute; Songdo Incheon 406-840 South Korea
| | - Joung Han Yim
- Division of Polar Life Sciences; Korea Polar Research Institute; Songdo Incheon 406-840 South Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Kang
- Division of Polar Ocean Sciences; Korea Polar Research Institute; Songdo Incheon 406-840 South Korea
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Nascimento SM, Mendes MCQ, Menezes M, Rodríguez F, Alves-de-Souza C, Branco S, Riobó P, Franco J, Nunes JMC, Huk M, Morris S, Fraga S. Morphology and phylogeny of Prorocentrum caipirignum sp. nov. (Dinophyceae), a new tropical toxic benthic dinoflagellate. HARMFUL ALGAE 2017; 70:73-89. [PMID: 29169570 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A new species of toxic benthic dinoflagellate is described based on laboratory cultures isolated from two locations from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro and Bahia. The morphology was studied with SEM and LM. Cells are elliptical in right thecal view and flat. They are 37-44μm long and 29-36μm wide. The right thecal plate has a V shaped indentation where six platelets can be identified. The thecal surface of both thecal plates is smooth and has round or kidney shaped and uniformly distributed pores except in the central area of the cell, and a line of marginal pores. Some cells present an elongated depression on the central area of the apical part of the right thecal plate. Prorocentrum caipirignum is similar to Prorocentrum lima in its morphology, but can be differentiated by the general cell shape, being elliptical while P. lima is ovoid. In the phylogenetic trees based on ITS and LSU rDNA sequences, the P. caipirignum clade appears close to the clades of P. lima and Prorocentrum hoffmannianum. The Brazilian strains of P. caipirignum formed a clade with strains from Cuba, Hainan Island and Malaysia and it is therefore likely that this new species has a broad tropical distribution. Prorocentrum caipirignum is a toxic species that produces okadaic acid and the fast acting toxin prorocentrolide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia M Nascimento
- Laboratório de Microalgas Marinhas, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur, 458, 314-B, 22.290-240 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - M Cristina Q Mendes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Biomonitoramento-IB/UFBA, Av. Barão de Geremoabo s/n°, Campus Ondina, 40170-115, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Mariângela Menezes
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Museu Nacional, UFRJ, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Francisco Rodríguez
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain.
| | | | - Suema Branco
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Museu Nacional, UFRJ, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Pilar Riobó
- Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas (IIM-CSIC) Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain.
| | - José Franco
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain.
| | - José Marcos C Nunes
- Laboratório de Algas Marinhas, IB/UFBA, Av. Barão de Geremoabo s/n°, Campus Ondina, 40170-115, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Mariusz Huk
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom.
| | - Steven Morris
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom.
| | - Santiago Fraga
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain.
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Balzano S, Percopo I, Siano R, Gourvil P, Chanoine M, Marie D, Vaulot D, Sarno D. Morphological and genetic diversity of Beaufort Sea diatoms with high contributions from the Chaetoceros neogracilis species complex. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2017; 53:161-187. [PMID: 27809344 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Seventy-five diatom strains isolated from the Beaufort Sea (Canadian Arctic) in the summer of 2009 were characterized by light and electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), as well as 18S and 28S rRNA gene sequencing. These strains group into 20 genotypes and 17 morphotypes and are affiliated with the genera Arcocellulus, Attheya, Chaetoceros, Cylindrotheca, Eucampia, Nitzschia, Porosira, Pseudo-nitzschia, Shionodiscus, Thalassiosira, and Synedropsis. Most of the species have a distribution confined to the northern/polar area. Chaetoceros neogracilis and Chaetoceros gelidus were the most represented taxa. Strains of C. neogracilis were morphologically similar and shared identical 18S rRNA gene sequences, but belonged to four distinct genetic clades based on 28S rRNA, ITS-1 and ITS-2 phylogenies. Secondary structure prediction revealed that these four clades differ in hemi-compensatory base changes (HCBCs) in paired positions of the ITS-2, suggesting their inability to interbreed. Reproductively isolated C. neogracilis genotypes can thus co-occur in summer phytoplankton communities in the Beaufort Sea. C. neogracilis generally occurred as single cells but also formed short colonies. It is phylogenetically distinct from an Antarctic species, erroneously identified in some previous studies as C. neogracilis, but named here as Chaetoceros sp. This work provides taxonomically validated sequences for 20 Arctic diatom taxa, which will facilitate future metabarcoding studies on phytoplankton in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Balzano
- CNRS, UMR7144, Station Biologique De Roscoff, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Isabella Percopo
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Priscillia Gourvil
- CNRS, UMR7144, Station Biologique De Roscoff, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Mélanie Chanoine
- CNRS, UMR7144, Station Biologique De Roscoff, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Dominique Marie
- CNRS, UMR7144, Station Biologique De Roscoff, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Daniel Vaulot
- CNRS, UMR7144, Station Biologique De Roscoff, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Diana Sarno
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
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Johnson SB, Krylova EM, Audzijonyte A, Sahling H, Vrijenhoek RC. Phylogeny and origins of chemosynthetic vesicomyid clams. SYST BIODIVERS 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2016.1252438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon B. Johnson
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA
| | - Elena M. Krylova
- P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nakhimovskii prospect 36, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Asta Audzijonyte
- Fisheries and Environmental Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinaari 2, P.O. Box 65, FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Heiko Sahling
- MARUM – Center for Marine Environment Sciences and Faculty of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Klagenfurter Str., 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Robert C. Vrijenhoek
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA
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García-Portela M, Riobó P, Franco JM, Bañuelos RM, Rodríguez F. Genetic and toxinological characterization of North Atlantic strains of the dinoflagellate Ostreopsis and allelopathic interactions with toxic and non-toxic species from the genera Prorocentrum, Coolia and Gambierdiscus. HARMFUL ALGAE 2016; 60:57-69. [PMID: 28073563 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The genus Ostreopsis includes several toxic species that can develop blooms in benthic ecosystems, with potential harmful consequences for human health and marine invertebrates. Despite of this, little is known about the allelopathic interactions between these organisms and other co-occurring microalgae that exploit similar spatial and nutrient resources in benthic ecosystems. The aim of this study was to follow these interactions in cultures of two Ostreopsis ribotypes with different toxin profiles (O. cf. ovata contained ovatoxins-a, b, c and e, while only ovatoxin-d was found in O .sp. "Lanzarote-type"), mixed with species of three benthic dinoflagellate genera (Coolia, Prorocentrum and Gambierdiscus), isolated from the same area (North East Atlantic, Canary Islands). In a first experiment, the potential allelopathic effects on growth rates were followed, in mixed cultures of Coolia monotis (a non toxic species) exposed to the clarified medium and to cells of O. sp."Lanzarote-type" and O. cf. ovata. Growth delayed in C. monotis was observed specially in clarified medium, while the O. sp. "Lanzarote-type" strain attained much lower densities in mixed cultures. In a second experiment, we examined the potential effects of clarified media from O. sp."Lanzarote-type" and O. cf. ovata on the adherence capacity in two toxic species (Prorocentrum hoffmannianum and Gambierdiscus excentricus). Contrasting effects were found: a significant increase of adherence capacity in P. hoffmannianum vs attachment decline in G. excentricus, that experienced also severe deleterious effects (cell lysis). Our results suggest the existence of weak to moderate allelopathic interactions between the studied organisms, although the outcome is dependent on the species involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- María García-Portela
- Instituto Español de Oceanografia (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Subida a Radio Faro 50-52, Cabo Estay, Canido, 36390 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Pilar Riobó
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC (UA Microalgas Nocivas CSIC-IEO), Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain.
| | - José Mariano Franco
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC (UA Microalgas Nocivas CSIC-IEO), Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Rosa Mª Bañuelos
- Departamento de Oceanografía, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Francisco Rodríguez
- Instituto Español de Oceanografia (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Subida a Radio Faro 50-52, Cabo Estay, Canido, 36390 Vigo, Spain.
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Jimi N, Fujiwara Y. New species of Trophoniella from Shimoda, Japan (Annelida, Flabelligeridae). Zookeys 2016; 614:1-13. [PMID: 27667929 PMCID: PMC5027653 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.614.8346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trophoniella hephaistos sp. n. was collected from a tank irrigated with seawater pumped directly from Nabeta Bay, Japan. This species is discriminated from other Trophoniella by having dorsal tubercles, a tongue-shaped branchial plate, a tunic covered with large sediment grains dorsally and ventrally, having eyes, and anchylosed neurohooks starting from chaetigers 17-20. This is the first record of Trophoniella from Japanese waters. Identification keys to species of Trophoniella and four gene sequences (COI, 16S, 18S, 28S) of this species are provided. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted to clarify phylogenetic position of Trophoniella in Flabelligeridae using four genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Jimi
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
- Department of Marine Biodiversity Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
- Department of Natural History Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, Sapporo 0060-0810, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
- Department of Marine Biodiversity Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
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Meek ME, Van Dolah FM. Phytoplankton IF-FISH: Species-specific labeling of cellular proteins by immunofluorescence (IF) with simultaneous species identification by fluorescence immunohybridization (FISH). J Microbiol Methods 2016; 124:21-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Nomura T, Ito M, Kanamori M, Shigeno Y, Uchiumi T, Arai R, Tsukada M, Hirabayashi K, Ohkawa K. Characterization of silk gland ribosomes from a bivoltine caddisfly, Stenopsyche marmorata: translational suppression of a silk protein in cold conditions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 469:210-5. [PMID: 26646291 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.11.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Larval Stenopsyche marmorata constructs food capture nets and fixed retreats underwater using self-produced proteinaceous silk fibers. In the Chikuma River (Nagano Prefecture, Japan) S. marmorata has a bivoltine life cycle; overwintering larvae grow slowly with reduced net spinning activity in winter. We recently reported constant transcript abundance of S. marmorata silk protein 1 (Smsp-1), a core S. marmorata silk fiber component, in all seasons, implying translational suppression in the silk gland during winter. Herein, we prepared and characterized silk gland ribosomes from seasonally collected S. marmorata larvae. Ribosomes from silk glands immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen (LN2) after dissection exhibited comparable translation elongation activity in spring, summer, and autumn. Conversely, silk glands obtained in winter did not contain active ribosomes and Smsp-1. Ribosomes from silk glands immersed in ice-cold physiological saline solution for approximately 4 h were translationally inactive, despite summer collection and Smsp-1 expression. The ribosomal inactivation occurs because of defects in the formation of 80S ribosomes, presumably due to splitting of 60S subunits containing 28S rRNA with central hidden break, in response to cold stress. These results suggest a novel-type ribosome-regulated translation control mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaomi Nomura
- Division of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan.
| | - Miho Ito
- Division of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Mai Kanamori
- Division of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Yuta Shigeno
- Division of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Toshio Uchiumi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Arai
- Division of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan; Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Masuhiro Tsukada
- Division of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Kimio Hirabayashi
- Division of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan; Institute of Mountain Science, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Kousaku Ohkawa
- Institute for Fiber Engineering, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
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Taboada S, Riesgo A, Bas M, Arnedo MA, Cristobo J, Rouse GW, Avila C. Bone-Eating Worms Spread: Insights into Shallow-Water Osedax (Annelida, Siboglinidae) from Antarctic, Subantarctic, and Mediterranean Waters. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140341. [PMID: 26581105 PMCID: PMC4651350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osedax, commonly known as bone-eating worms, are unusual marine annelids belonging to Siboglinidae and represent a remarkable example of evolutionary adaptation to a specialized habitat, namely sunken vertebrate bones. Usually, females of these animals live anchored inside bone owing to a ramified root system from an ovisac, and obtain nutrition via symbiosis with Oceanospirillales gamma-proteobacteria. Since their discovery, 26 Osedax operational taxonomic units (OTUs) have been reported from a wide bathymetric range in the Pacific, the North Atlantic, and the Southern Ocean. Using experimentally deployed and naturally occurring bones we report here the presence of Osedax deceptionensis at very shallow-waters in Deception Island (type locality; Antarctica) and at moderate depths near South Georgia Island (Subantarctic). We present molecular evidence in a new phylogenetic analysis based on five concatenated genes (28S rDNA, Histone H3, 18S rDNA, 16S rDNA, and cytochrome c oxidase I-COI-), using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian inference, supporting the placement of O. deceptionensis as a separate lineage (Clade VI) although its position still remains uncertain. This phylogenetic analysis includes a new unnamed species (O. 'mediterranea') recently discovered in the shallow-water Mediterranean Sea belonging to Osedax Clade I. A timeframe of the diversification of Osedax inferred using a Bayesian framework further suggests that Osedax diverged from other siboglinids during the Middle Cretaceous (ca. 108 Ma) and also indicates that the most recent common ancestor of Osedax extant lineages dates to the Late Cretaceous (ca. 74.8 Ma) concomitantly with large marine reptiles and teleost fishes. We also provide a phylogenetic framework that assigns newly-sequenced Osedax endosymbionts of O. deceptionensis and O. 'mediterranea' to ribospecies Rs1. Molecular analysis for O. deceptionensis also includes a COI-based haplotype network indicating that individuals from Deception Island and the South Georgia Island (ca. 1,600 km apart) are clearly the same species, confirming the well-developed dispersal capabilities reported in other congeneric taxa. In addition, we include a complete description of living features and morphological characters (including scanning and transmission electron microscopy) of O. deceptionensis, a species originally described from a single mature female, and compare it to information available for other congeneric OTUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Taboada
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO), Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Ana Riesgo
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO), Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Bas
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO), Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel A. Arnedo
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO), Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Cristobo
- Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Gijón, Spain
| | - Greg W. Rouse
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Conxita Avila
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO), Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Differences in the toxin profiles of Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Dinophyceae) strains isolated from different geographic origins: Evidence of paralytic toxin, spirolide, and gymnodimine. Toxicon 2015; 103:85-98. [PMID: 26093028 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Among toxin-producing dinoflagellates of the genus Alexandrium, Alexandrium ostenfeldii is the only species able to produce paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins, spirolides (SPXs) and gymnodimines (GYMs). In this study we characterized and compared three A. ostenfeldii strains isolated from the Baltic, Mediterranean, and southern Chile Seas with respect to their toxin profiles, morphology, and phylogeny. Toxin analyses by HPLC-FD and LC-HRMS revealed differences in the toxin profiles of the three strains. The PSP toxin profiles of the southern Chile and Baltic strains were largely the same and included gonyautoxin (GTX)-3, GTX-2, and saxitoxin (STX), although the total PSP toxin content of the Chilean strain (105.83 ± 72.15 pg cell(-1)) was much higher than that of the Baltic strain (4.04 ± 1.93 pg cell(-1)). However, the Baltic strain was the only strain that expressed detectable amounts of analogues of GYM-A and GYM-B/-C (48.27 ± 26.12 pg GYM-A equivalents cell(-1)). The only toxin expressed by the Mediterranean strain was 13-desmethyl SPX-C (13dMeC; 2.85 ± 4.76 pg cell(-1)). Phylogenetic analysis based on the LSU rRNA showed that the studied strains belonged to distinct molecular clades. The toxin profiles determined in this study provide further evidence of the taxonomic complexity of this species.
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Noyer C, Abot A, Trouilh L, Leberre VA, Dreanno C. Phytochip: development of a DNA-microarray for rapid and accurate identification of Pseudo-nitzschia spp and other harmful algal species. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 112:55-66. [PMID: 25765159 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Detection of harmful algal blooms has become a challenging concern because of the direct impacts on public health and economy. The identification of toxic dinoflagellates and diatoms in monitoring programs requires an extensive taxonomic expertise and is time consuming. Advances in molecular biology have allowed the development of new approaches, more rapid, accurate and cost-effective for detecting these microorganisms. In this context, we developed a new DNA microarray (called, Phytochip) for the simultaneous detection of multiple HAB species with a particular emphasis on Pseudo-nitzschia species. Oligonucleotide probes were designed along the rRNA operon. After DNA extraction, the target rDNA genes were amplified and labeled using an asymmetric PCR; then, the amplicons were hybridized to the oligonucleotide probes present on the chips. The total assay from seawater sampling to data acquisition can be performed within a working day. Specificity and sensitivity were assessed by using monoclonal cultures, mixtures of species and field samples spiked with a known amount of cultured cells. The Phytochip with its 81 validated oligonucleotide probes was able to detect 12 species of Pseudo-nitzschia and 11 species of dinoflagellates among which were 3 species of Karenia and 3 species of Alexandrium. The Phytochip was applied to environmental samples already characterized by light microscopy and cloned into DNA libraries. The hybridizations on the Phytochip were in good agreement with the sequences retrieved from the clone libraries and the microscopic observations. The Phytochip enables a reliable multiplex detection of phytoplankton and can assist a water quality monitoring program as well as more general ecological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Noyer
- IFREMER, Centre Bretagne, Laboratoire Detections, Capteurs et Mesures, F-29280 Plouzané, France; Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, F-31077 Toulouse, France; INRA, UMR792, Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France; CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Abot
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, F-31077 Toulouse, France; INRA, UMR792, Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France; CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Lidwine Trouilh
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, F-31077 Toulouse, France; INRA, UMR792, Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France; CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Véronique Anton Leberre
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, F-31077 Toulouse, France; INRA, UMR792, Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France; CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Dreanno
- IFREMER, Centre Bretagne, Laboratoire Detections, Capteurs et Mesures, F-29280 Plouzané, France.
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Dijoux L, Viard F, Payri C. The more we search, the more we find: discovery of a new lineage and a new species complex in the genus Asparagopsis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103826. [PMID: 25076489 PMCID: PMC4116237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, in the marine realm in particular, the use of molecular tools has led to the discovery of hidden taxonomic diversity, revealing complexes of sister species. A good example is the red algal genus Asparagopsis. The two species (A. armata and A. taxiformis) recognized in this genus have been introduced in many places around the world. Within the nominal species A. taxiformis, previous molecular analyses have uncovered several lineages, suggesting the existence of sister species or subspecies. Although the genus has been well studied in some regions (e.g., the Mediterranean Sea and Hawaii), it remains poorly investigated in others (e.g., South Pacific). Our study mainly focused on these latter areas to clarify lineages and better determine lineage status (i.e., native vs. introduced). A total of 188 specimens were collected from 61 sites, 58 of which had never been sampled before. We sequenced the DNA from samples for three markers and obtained 112 sequences for the chloroplastic RuBisCo spacer, 118 sequences for the nuclear LSU rRNA gene, and 174 for the mitochondrial spacer cox2-3. Phylogenetic analyses using all three markers suggested the existence of two cryptic sister species with the discovery of a new clade within A. armata. This clade was found only in Western Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand, and is thus restricted to a subregional biogeographic unit. We also discovered a new, fifth lineage for A. taxiformis restricted to the South Pacific and Western Australia. Except for this newly described lineage, all other lineages showed a global distribution influenced by introduction events. These results illustrate the difficulty in accurately defining cosmopolitan species. Our findings also highlight the need for targeted (i.e., in poorly studied areas) and geographically extensive sampling efforts when studying taxa that have been introduced globally and that are likely to hide species complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laury Dijoux
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UR227 CoRéUs-LabEx-CORAIL, Noumea, New Caledonia
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7144, Divco team, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Frédérique Viard
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7144, Divco team, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Claude Payri
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UR227 CoRéUs-LabEx-CORAIL, Noumea, New Caledonia
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da Silva PM, Scardua MP, Vianna RT, Mendonça RC, Vieira CB, Dungan CF, Scott GP, Reece KS. Two Perkinsus spp. infect Crassostrea gasar oysters from cultured and wild populations of the Rio São Francisco estuary, Sergipe, northeastern Brazil. J Invertebr Pathol 2014; 119:62-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Barra L, Ruggiero MV, Chen J, Kooistra WHCF. Specificity of LSU rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes for Pseudo-nitzschia species tested through dot-blot hybridisation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:548-557. [PMID: 23812792 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1953-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the scope of the development of a microarray PhyloChip for the detection of toxic phytoplankton species, we designed a large series of probes specific against targets in the nuclear large subunit (LSU) rRNA of a range of Pseudo-nitzschia species and spotted these onto the microarray. Hybridisation with rRNA extracted from monoclonal cultures and from plankton samples revealed many cross-reactions. In the present work, we tested the functionality and specificity of 23 of these probes designed against ten of the species, using a dot-blot procedure. In this case, probe specificity is tested against the target region in PCR products of the LSU rRNA gene marker region blotted on nitrocellulose filters. Each filter was incubated with a species-specific oligoprobe. Eleven of the tested probes showed specific responses, identifying seven Pseudo-nitzschia species. The other probes showed non-specific responses or did not respond at all. Results of dot-blot hybridisations are more specific than those obtained with the microarray approach and the possible reasons for this are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Barra
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
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Huang D, Cranston PS, Cheng L. A complete species phylogeny of the marine midge Pontomyia (Diptera:Chironomidae) reveals a cosmopolitan species and a new synonym. INVERTEBR SYST 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/is13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pontomyia (Diptera : Chironomidae) is an exclusively marine and flightless insect genus with four described species from the Indo-Pacific and one undescribed taxon known only by its larvae, pupal skins and females from the western Atlantic. A previous study of relationships among three of the Indo-Pacific species reported each of them to be monophyletic, with high genetic diversity within P. natans Edwards, 1926, the type species, and P. pacifica Tokunaga, 1932. The evolutionary affinities of the Australian endemic P. cottoni Womersley, 1937, which resembles P. natans, as well as the putative Atlantic species are hitherto undetermined. A complete molecular phylogeny of the genus based on two nuclear and two mitochondrial DNA markers indicates that P. cottoni and a Puerto Rican (Atlantic) larval population are nested within the P. natans clade. Furthermore, P. natans and P. cottoni are inseparable in all morphological characters used previously to distinguish them. Therefore, we synonymise P. cottoni with P. natans, syn. nov., whose known range now encompasses all three ocean basins after including the Puerto Rican population. This distribution warrants further investigation into the life history of Pontomyia, a midge with one of the shortest known adult lifespans among insects.
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Potvin É, Rochon A, Lovejoy C. Cyst-theca relationship of the arctic dinoflagellate cyst Islandinium minutum (Dinophyceae) and phylogenetic position based on SSU rDNA and LSU rDNA. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2013; 49:848-866. [PMID: 27007311 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Round brown spiny cysts constitute a morphological group common in high latitude dinoflagellate cyst assemblages. The dinoflagellate cyst Islandinium minutum (Harland et Reid) Head, Harland et Matthiessen is the main paleoecological indicator of seasonal sea-ice cover in the Arctic. Despite the importance of this cyst in paleoceanographical studies, its biological affinity has so far been unknown. The biological affinity of the species I. minutum and its phylogenetic position based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU rDNA) and the large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (LSU rDNA) were established from cyst incubation experiments in controlled conditions, optical and scanning electron microscopy, and single-cell PCR. The thecal motile cell obtained was undescribed. Although the motile cell was similar to Archaeperidinium minutum (Kofoid) Jörgensen, the motile cell of I. minutum lacked a transitional plate in the cingular series, which is present in Archaeperidinium spp. Islandinium minutum and Archaeperidinium spp. were paraphyletic in all phylogenetic analyses. Furthermore, Protoperidinium tricingulatum, which also lacks a transitional plate, was closely related to I. minutum and transfered to the genus Islandinium. Based on available data, it is clear that Islandinium is distinct from Archaeperidinium. Therefore, we considered Islandinium Head, Harland et Matthiessen as a non-fossil genus and emend its description, as well as the species I. minutum. This is the first description of a cyst-theca relationship and the first study that reports molecular data based on SSU rDNA and LSU rDNA on a species assigned to the genus Islandinium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éric Potvin
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, Korea
| | - André Rochon
- Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada, G5L 3A1
| | - Connie Lovejoy
- Département de biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada, G1V 0A6
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Lamari N, Ruggiero MV, d’Ippolito G, Kooistra WHCF, Fontana A, Montresor M. Specificity of lipoxygenase pathways supports species delineation in the marine diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73281. [PMID: 24014077 PMCID: PMC3754938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins are low-molecular weight secondary metabolites derived from the incorporation of oxygen into the carbon chains of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Oxylipins are produced in many prokaryotic and eukaryotic lineages where they are involved in a broad spectrum of actions spanning from stress and defense responses, regulation of growth and development, signaling, and innate immunity. We explored the diversity in oxylipin patterns in the marine planktonic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia. This genus includes several species only distinguishable with the aid of molecular markers. Oxylipin profiles of cultured strains were obtained by reverse phase column on a liquid chromatograph equipped with UV photodiode detector and q-ToF mass spectrometer. Lipoxygenase compounds were mapped on phylogenies of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia inferred from the nuclear encoded hyper-variable region of the LSU rDNA and the plastid encoded rbcL. Results showed that the genus Pseudo-nitzschia exhibits a rich and varied lipoxygenase metabolism of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), with a high level of specificity for oxylipin markers that generally corroborated the genotypic delineation, even among genetically closely related cryptic species. These results suggest that oxylipin profiles constitute additional identification tools for Pseudo-nitzschia species providing a functional support to species delineation obtained with molecular markers and morphological traits. The exploration of the diversity, patterns and plasticity of oxylipin production across diatom species and genera will also provide insights on the ecological functions of these secondary metabolites and on the selective pressures driving their diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Lamari
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Maria Valeria Ruggiero
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Plankton, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Giuliana d’Ippolito
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Wiebe H. C. F. Kooistra
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Plankton, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Marina Montresor
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Plankton, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
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Park MG, Kim M, Kang M. A dinoflagellate Amylax triacantha with plastids of the cryptophyte origin: phylogeny, feeding mechanism, and growth and grazing responses. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2013; 60:363-76. [PMID: 23631398 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The gonyaulacalean dinoflagellates Amylax spp. were recently found to contain plastids of the cryptophyte origin, more specifically of Teleaulax amphioxeia. However, not only how the dinoflagellates get the plastids of the cryptophyte origin is unknown but also their ecophysiology, including growth and feeding responses as functions of both light and prey concentration, remain unknown. Here, we report the establishment of Amylax triacantha in culture, its feeding mechanism, and its growth rate using the ciliate prey Mesodinium rubrum (= Myrionecta rubra) in light and dark, and growth and grazing responses to prey concentration and light intensity. The strain established in culture in this study was assigned to A. triacantha, based on morphological characteristics (particularly, a prominent apical horn and three antapical spines) and nuclear SSU and LSU rDNA sequences. Amylax triacantha grew well in laboratory culture when supplied with the marine mixotrophic ciliate M. rubrum as prey, reaching densities of over 7.5 × 10(3) cells/ml. Amylax triacantha captured its prey using a tow filament, and then ingested the whole prey by direct engulfment through the sulcus. The dinoflagellate was able to grow heterotrophically in the dark, but the growth rate was approximately two times lower than in the light. Although mixotrophic growth rates of A. triacantha increased sharply with mean prey concentrations, with maximum growth rate being 0.68/d, phototrophic growth (i.e. growth in the absence of prey) was -0.08/d. The maximum ingestion rate was 2.54 ng C/Amylax/d (5.9 cells/Amylax/d). Growth rate also increased with increasing light intensity, but the effect was evident only when prey was supplied. Increased growth with increasing light intensity was accompanied by a corresponding increase in ingestion. In mixed cultures of two predators, A. triacantha and Dinophysis acuminata, with M. rubrum as prey, A. triacantha outgrew D. acuminata due to its approximately three times higher growth rate, suggesting that it can outcompete D. acuminata. Our results would help better understand the ecophysiology of dinoflagellates retaining foreign plastids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Gil Park
- LOHABE, Department of Oceanography, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.
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Genetic diversity and distribution of the ciguatera-causing dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus spp. (Dinophyceae) in coastal areas of Japan. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60882. [PMID: 23593339 PMCID: PMC3623954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The marine epiphytic dinoflagellate genus Gambierdiscus produce toxins that cause ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP): one of the most significant seafood-borne illnesses associated with fish consumption worldwide. So far, occurrences of CFP incidents in Japan have been mainly reported in subtropical areas. A previous phylogeographic study of Japanese Gambierdiscus revealed the existence of two distinct phylotypes: Gambierdiscus sp. type 1 from subtropical and Gambierdiscus sp. type 2 from temperate areas. However, details of the genetic diversity and distribution for Japanese Gambierdiscus are still unclear, because a comprehensive investigation has not been conducted yet. Methods/Principal Finding A total of 248 strains were examined from samples mainly collected from western and southern coastal areas of Japan during 2006–2011. The SSU rDNA, the LSU rDNA D8–D10 and the ITS region were selected as genetic markers and phylogenetic analyses were conducted. The genetic diversity of Japanese Gambierdiscus was high since five species/phylotypes were detected: including two reported phylotypes (Gambierdiscus sp. type 1 and Gambierdiscus sp. type 2), two species of Gambierdiscus (G. australes and G. cf. yasumotoi) and a hitherto unreported phylotype Gambierdiscus sp. type 3. The distributions of type 3 and G. cf. yasumotoi were restricted to the temperate and the subtropical area, respectively. On the other hand, type 1, type 2 and G. australes occurred from the subtropical to the temperate area, with a tendency that type 1 and G. australes were dominant in the subtropical area, whereas type 2 was dominant in the temperate area. By using mouse bioassay, type 1, type 3 and G. australes exhibited mouse toxicities. Conclusions/Significance This study revealed a surprising diversity of Japanese Gambierdiscus and the distribution of five species/phylotypes displayed clear geographical patterns in Japanese coastal areas. The SSU rDNA and the LSU rDNA D8–D10 as genetic markers are recommended for further use.
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One Perkinsus species may hide another: characterization of Perkinsus species present in clam production areas of France. Parasitology 2012; 139:1757-71. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182012001047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYAlthough clam populations in France are known to be infected with protozoans of the genus Perkinsus, no molecular characterization was previously performed on these parasites. Considering that several members of this genus have been associated with mortalities of molluscs worldwide, a study was undertaken in order to characterize these parasites in France. For that purpose, clams, Ruditapes philippinarum and R. decussatus, collected from different production areas and found to be infected with Perkinsus sp. in thioglycolate culture medium, were selected for PCR-RFLP tests and sequencing. Perkinsus olseni was detected in all the investigated areas and results also suggested the presence of P. chesapeaki in Leucate, a lagoon on the Mediterranean coast and in Bonne Anse in Charente Maritime, on the Atlantic coast. Clonal cultures from both detected species were produced in order to describe and compare in vitro stages. Differences in size between both Perkinsus spp. were noticed especially for schizonts and zoosporangia. Lastly, in situ hybridization tests allowed confirmation of the presence of both species in the same R. decussatus population and even in same clams. This is the first detection of P. chesapeaki in Ruditapes species and outside North America, which questions its introduction into Europe.
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Small HJ, Shields JD, Reece KS, Bateman K, Stentiford GD. Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Hematodinium perezi (Dinophyceae: Syndiniales), a Dinoflagellate Parasite of the Harbour Crab, Liocarcinus depurator. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2011; 59:54-66. [PMID: 22092696 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2011.00592.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamish J. Small
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS); The College of William and Mary; Gloucester Point; Virginia; 23062; USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Shields
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS); The College of William and Mary; Gloucester Point; Virginia; 23062; USA
| | - Kimberly S. Reece
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS); The College of William and Mary; Gloucester Point; Virginia; 23062; USA
| | - Kelly Bateman
- European Community Reference Laboratory for Crustacean Diseases; Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas); Weymouth Laboratory; Weymouth; Dorset; DT4 8UB; United Kingdom
| | - Grant D. Stentiford
- European Community Reference Laboratory for Crustacean Diseases; Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas); Weymouth Laboratory; Weymouth; Dorset; DT4 8UB; United Kingdom
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