1
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Zaqout S, Mannaa A, Klein O, Krajewski A, Klose J, Luise-Becker L, Elsabagh A, Ferih K, Kraemer N, Ravindran E, Makridis K, Kaindl AM. Proteome changes in autosomal recessive primary microcephaly. Ann Hum Genet 2023; 87:50-62. [PMID: 36448252 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) is a rare and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by intellectual disability and microcephaly at birth, classically without further organ involvement. MCPH3 is caused by biallelic variants in the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 2 gene CDK5RAP2. In the corresponding Cdk5rap2 mutant or Hertwig's anemia mouse model, congenital microcephaly as well as defects in the hematopoietic system, germ cells and eyes have been reported. The reduction in brain volume, particularly affecting gray matter, has been attributed mainly to disturbances in the proliferation and survival of early neuronal progenitors. In addition, defects in dendritic development and synaptogenesis exist that affect the excitation-inhibition balance. Here, we studied proteomic changes in cerebral cortices of Cdk5rap2 mutant mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS We used large-gel two-dimensional gel (2-DE) electrophoresis to separate cortical proteins. 2-DE gels were visualized by a trained observer on a light box. Spot changes were considered with respect to presence/absence, quantitative variation and altered mobility. RESULT We identified a reduction in more than 30 proteins that play a role in processes such as cell cytoskeleton dynamics, cell cycle progression, ciliary functions and apoptosis. These proteome changes in the MCPH3 model can be associated with various functional and morphological alterations of the developing brain. CONCLUSION Our results shed light on potential protein candidates for the disease-associated phenotype reported in MCPH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Zaqout
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Atef Mannaa
- Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology, New Borg AlArab City, Alexandria, Egypt.,Inserm U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire & Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Oliver Klein
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies BCRT, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Angelika Krajewski
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies BCRT, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Klose
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Institute of Human Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena Luise-Becker
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Chronically Sick Children (Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, SPZ), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ahmed Elsabagh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khaled Ferih
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nadine Kraemer
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Chronically Sick Children (Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, SPZ), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ethiraj Ravindran
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Chronically Sick Children (Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, SPZ), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Konstantin Makridis
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Chronically Sick Children (Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, SPZ), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angela M Kaindl
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Chronically Sick Children (Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, SPZ), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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2
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Nakamura A, Ikeda M, Kusayanagi S, Hayashi K. An alternative splice isoform of mouse CDK5RAP2 induced cytoplasmic microtubule nucleation. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 13:264-273. [PMID: 36164503 PMCID: PMC9508486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
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3
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Komarasamy TV, Adnan NAA, James W, Balasubramaniam VRMT. Zika Virus Neuropathogenesis: The Different Brain Cells, Host Factors and Mechanisms Involved. Front Immunol 2022; 13:773191. [PMID: 35371036 PMCID: PMC8966389 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.773191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), despite being discovered six decades earlier, became a major health concern only after an epidemic in French Polynesia and an increase in the number of microcephaly cases in Brazil. Substantial evidence has been found to support the link between ZIKV and neurological complications in infants. The virus targets various cells in the brain, including radial glial cells, neural progenitor cells (NPCs), astrocytes, microglial and glioblastoma stem cells. It affects the brain cells by exploiting different mechanisms, mainly through apoptosis and cell cycle dysregulation. The modulation of host immune response and the inflammatory process has also been demonstrated to play a critical role in ZIKV induced neurological complications. In addition to that, different ZIKV strains have exhibited specific neurotropism and unique molecular mechanisms. This review provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of ZIKV-induced neuroimmunopathogenesis by dissecting its main target cells in the brain, and the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. We highlighted the roles of the different ZIKV host factors and how they exploit specific host factors through various mechanisms. Overall, it covers key components for understanding the crosstalk between ZIKV and the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamil Vaani Komarasamy
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Nur Amelia Azreen Adnan
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - William James
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vinod R M T Balasubramaniam
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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4
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Zaqout S, Kaindl AM. Autosomal Recessive Primary Microcephaly: Not Just a Small Brain. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:784700. [PMID: 35111754 PMCID: PMC8802810 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.784700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcephaly or reduced head circumference results from a multitude of abnormal developmental processes affecting brain growth and/or leading to brain atrophy. Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) is the prototype of isolated primary (congenital) microcephaly, affecting predominantly the cerebral cortex. For MCPH, an accelerating number of mutated genes emerge annually, and they are involved in crucial steps of neurogenesis. In this review article, we provide a deeper look into the microcephalic MCPH brain. We explore cytoarchitecture focusing on the cerebral cortex and discuss diverse processes occurring at the level of neural progenitors, early generated and mature neurons, and glial cells. We aim to thereby give an overview of current knowledge in MCPH phenotype and normal brain growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Zaqout
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Angela M. Kaindl
- Institute of Cell and Neurobiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Chronically Sick Children (Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, SPZ), Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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5
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Wang X, Baumann C, De La Fuente R, Viveiros MM. CEP215 and AURKA regulate spindle pole focusing and aMTOC organization in mouse oocytes. Reproduction 2021; 159:261-274. [PMID: 31895686 DOI: 10.1530/rep-19-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Acentriolar microtubule-organizing centers (aMTOCs) play a critical role in stable meiotic spindle assembly in oocytes, necessary for accurate chromosome segregation. Yet, there is a limited understanding of the essential regulatory components of these unique MTOCs. In somatic cells, CEP215 (Centrosomal Protein 215) serves as an important regulator of centrosome maturation and spindle organization. Here, we assessed whether it has a similar function in mouse oocytes. CEP215 was detected in oocyte lysates and specifically localized to aMTOCs throughout the progression of meiosis in a pericentrin-dependent manner. Super-resolution microscopy revealed CEP215 co-localization with pericentrin and a unique pore/ring-like structural organization of aMTOCs. Interestingly, inhibition of Aurora Kinase A in either MI or MII-stage oocytes resulted in a striking loss of the ring-like aMTOC organization and pronounced CEP215 clustering at spindle poles, as well as shorter spindles with highly focused poles. In vitro siRNA-mediated transcript knockdown effectively reduced CEP215 in approximately 85% of the oocytes. Maturation rates to MII were similar in the Cep215 siRNA and injected controls; however, a high percentage (~40%) of the Cep215-knockdown oocytes showed notable variations in spindle pole focusing. Surprisingly, pericentrin and γ-tubulin localization and fluorescence intensity at aMTOCs were unaltered in knockdown oocytes, contrasting with mitotic cells where CEP215 depletion reduced γ-tubulin at centrosomes. Our results demonstrate that CEP215 is a functional component of oocyte aMTOCs and participates in the regulation of meiotic spindle pole focusing. Moreover, these studies reveal a vital role for Aurora Kinase A activity in the maintenance of aMTOC organization in oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Claudia Baumann
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Rabindranath De La Fuente
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Maria M Viveiros
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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6
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Zaqout S, Ravindran E, Stoltenburg‐Didinger G, Kaindl AM. Congenital microcephaly‐linked CDK5RAP2 affects eye development. Ann Hum Genet 2019; 84:87-91. [DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sami Zaqout
- Institute of Cell and Neurobiology Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
- Center for Chronically Sick Children (Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, SPZ) Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
- Department of Pediatric Neurology Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Berlin Germany
- Basic Medical Science Department, College of Medicine, QU Health Qatar University
| | - Ethiraj Ravindran
- Institute of Cell and Neurobiology Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
- Center for Chronically Sick Children (Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, SPZ) Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
- Department of Pediatric Neurology Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Berlin Germany
| | | | - Angela M. Kaindl
- Institute of Cell and Neurobiology Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
- Center for Chronically Sick Children (Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, SPZ) Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
- Department of Pediatric Neurology Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Berlin Germany
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7
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Zaqout S, Blaesius K, Wu YJ, Ott S, Kraemer N, Becker LL, Rosário M, Rosenmund C, Strauss U, Kaindl AM. Altered inhibition and excitation in neocortical circuits in congenital microcephaly. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 129:130-143. [PMID: 31102767 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital microcephaly is highly associated with intellectual disability. Features of autosomal recessive primary microcephaly subtype 3 (MCPH3) also include hyperactivity and seizures. The disease is caused by biallelic mutations in the Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 2 gene CDK5RAP2. In the mouse, Cdk5rap2 mutations similar to the human condition result in reduced brain size and a strikingly thin neocortex already at early stages of neurogenesis that persists through adulthood. The microcephaly phenotype in MCPH arises from a neural stem cell proliferation defect. Here, we report a novel role for Cdk5rap2 in the regulation of dendritic development and synaptogenesis of neocortical layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons. Cdk5rap2-deficient murine neurons show poorly branched dendritic arbors and an increased density of immature thin spines and glutamatergic synapses in vivo. Moreover, the excitatory drive is enhanced in ex vivo brain slice preparations of Cdk5rap2 mutant mice. Concurrently, we show that pyramidal neurons receive fewer inhibitory inputs. Together, these findings point towards a shift in the excitation - inhibition balance towards excitation in Cdk5rap2 mutant mice. Thus, MCPH3 is associated not only with a neural progenitor proliferation defect but also with altered function of postmitotic neurons and hence with altered connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Zaqout
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Cell- and Neurobiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Chronically Sick Children (Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, SPZ), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch Strasse 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathrin Blaesius
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Cell- and Neurobiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Chronically Sick Children (Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, SPZ), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch Strasse 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yuan-Ju Wu
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, NeuroCure, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Ott
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Cell- and Neurobiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Kraemer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Cell- and Neurobiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Chronically Sick Children (Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, SPZ), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena-Luise Becker
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Cell- and Neurobiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Chronically Sick Children (Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, SPZ), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marta Rosário
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Cell- and Neurobiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Rosenmund
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch Strasse 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, NeuroCure, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Neurophysiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulf Strauss
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Cell- and Neurobiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Angela M Kaindl
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Cell- and Neurobiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Chronically Sick Children (Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, SPZ), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch Strasse 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany.
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8
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Abdullah U, Farooq M, Mang Y, Marriam Bakhtiar S, Fatima A, Hansen L, Kjaer KW, Larsen LA, Faryal S, Tommerup N, Mahmood Baig S. A novel mutation in CDK5RAP2 gene causes primary microcephaly with speech impairment and sparse eyebrows in a consanguineous Pakistani family. Eur J Med Genet 2017; 60:627-630. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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9
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Kolobova E, Roland JT, Lapierre LA, Williams JA, Mason TA, Goldenring JR. The C-terminal region of A-kinase anchor protein 350 (AKAP350A) enables formation of microtubule-nucleation centers and interacts with pericentriolar proteins. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:20394-20409. [PMID: 29054927 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.806018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules in animal cells assemble (nucleate) from both the centrosome and the cis-Golgi cisternae. A-kinase anchor protein 350 kDa (AKAP350A, also called AKAP450/CG-NAP/AKAP9) is a large scaffolding protein located at both the centrosome and Golgi apparatus. Previous findings have suggested that AKAP350 is important for microtubule dynamics at both locations, but how this scaffolding protein assembles microtubule nucleation machinery is unclear. Here, we found that overexpression of the C-terminal third of AKAP350A, enhanced GFP-AKAP350A(2691-3907), induces the formation of multiple microtubule-nucleation centers (MTNCs). Nevertheless, these induced MTNCs lacked "true" centriole proteins, such as Cep135. Mapping analysis with AKAP350A truncations demonstrated that AKAP350A contains discrete regions responsible for promoting or inhibiting the formation of multiple MTNCs. Moreover, GFP-AKAP350A(2691-3907) recruited several pericentriolar proteins to MTNCs, including γ-tubulin, pericentrin, Cep68, Cep170, and Cdk5RAP2. Proteomic analysis indicated that Cdk5RAP2 and Cep170 both interact with the microtubule nucleation-promoting region of AKAP350A, whereas Cep68 interacts with the distal C-terminal AKAP350A region. Yeast two-hybrid assays established a direct interaction of Cep170 with AKAP350A. Super-resolution and deconvolution microscopy analyses were performed to define the association of AKAP350A with centrosomes, and these studies disclosed that AKAP350A spans the bridge between centrioles, co-localizing with rootletin and Cep68 in the linker region. siRNA-mediated depletion of AKAP350A caused displacement of both Cep68 and Cep170 from the centrosome. These results suggest that AKAP350A acts as a scaffold for factors involved in microtubule nucleation at the centrosome and coordinates the assembly of protein complexes associating with the intercentriolar bridge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kolobova
- From the Departments of Surgery and.,the Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, and
| | - Joseph T Roland
- From the Departments of Surgery and.,the Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, and
| | - Lynne A Lapierre
- From the Departments of Surgery and.,the Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, and
| | | | - Twila A Mason
- the Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, and.,Cell and Developmental Biology
| | - James R Goldenring
- From the Departments of Surgery and .,the Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, and.,Cell and Developmental Biology.,the Nashville Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and
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10
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Johnson CA, Wright CE, Ghashghaei HT. Regulation of cytokinesis during corticogenesis: focus on the midbody. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:4009-4026. [PMID: 28493553 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Development of the cerebral cortices depends on tight regulation of cell divisions. In this system, stem and progenitor cells undergo symmetric and asymmetric divisions to ultimately produce neurons that establish the layers of the cortex. Cell division culminates with the formation of the midbody, a transient organelle that establishes the site of abscission between nascent daughter cells. During cytokinetic abscission, the final stage of cell division, one daughter cell will inherit the midbody remnant, which can then maintain or expel the remnant, but mechanisms and circumstances influencing this decision are unclear. This review describes the midbody and its constituent proteins, as well as the known consequences of their manipulation during cortical development. The potential functional relevance of midbody mechanisms is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Neurosciences Concentration Area, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Catherine E Wright
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - H Troy Ghashghaei
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Neurosciences Concentration Area, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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11
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CDK5RAP2 Is Required to Maintain the Germ Cell Pool during Embryonic Development. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:198-204. [PMID: 28162995 PMCID: PMC5312265 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene products linked to microcephaly have been studied foremost for their role in brain development, while their function in the development of other organs has been largely neglected. Here, we report the critical role of Cdk5rap2 in maintaining the germ cell pool during embryonic development. We highlight that infertility in Cdk5rap2 mutant mice is secondary to a lack of spermatogenic cells in adult mice as a result of an early developmental defect in the germ cells through mitotic delay, prolonged cell cycle, and apoptosis. Microcephaly-linked protein CDK5RAP2 is also key for germ cell development Cdk5rap2 mutant mice display early germ cell depletion and subsequent sterility Cdk5rap2 mutant germ cells undergo mitotic delay, prolonged cell cycle, and apoptosis
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12
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Sukumaran SK, Stumpf M, Salamon S, Ahmad I, Bhattacharya K, Fischer S, Müller R, Altmüller J, Budde B, Thiele H, Tariq M, Malik NA, Nürnberg P, Baig SM, Hussain MS, Noegel AA. CDK5RAP2 interaction with components of the Hippo signaling pathway may play a role in primary microcephaly. Mol Genet Genomics 2016; 292:365-383. [PMID: 28004182 PMCID: PMC5357305 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-016-1277-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) is characterized by a substantial reduction in brain size but with normal architecture. It is often linked to mutations in genes coding for centrosomal proteins; however, their role in brain size regulation is not completely understood. By combining homozygosity mapping and whole-exome sequencing in an MCPH family from Pakistan, we identified a novel mutation (XM_011518861.1; c.4114C > T) in CDK5RAP2, the gene associated with primary microcephaly-3 (MCPH3), leading to a premature stop codon (p.Arg1372*). CDK5RAP2 is a component of the pericentriolar material important for the microtubule-organizing function of the centrosome. Patient-derived primary fibroblasts had strongly decreased CDK5RAP2 amounts, showed centrosomal and nuclear abnormalities and exhibited changes in cell size and migration. We further identified an interaction of CDK5RAP2 with the Hippo pathway components MST1 kinase and the transcriptional regulator TAZ. This finding potentially provides a mechanism through which the Hippo pathway with its roles in the regulation of centrosome number is linked to the centrosome. In the patient fibroblasts, we observed higher levels of TAZ and YAP. However, common target genes of the Hippo pathway were downregulated as compared to the control with the exception of BIRC5 (Survivin), which was significantly upregulated. We propose that the centrosomal deficiencies and the altered cellular properties in the patient fibroblasts can also result from the observed changes in the Hippo pathway components which could thus be relevant for MCPH and play a role in brain size regulation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salil K Sukumaran
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany
| | - Maria Stumpf
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany
| | - Sarah Salamon
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Köln, Germany
| | - Ilyas Ahmad
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kurchi Bhattacharya
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany
| | - Sarah Fischer
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Birgit Budde
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Altaf Malik
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany. .,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany. .,Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Shahid Mahmood Baig
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Sajid Hussain
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Angelika A Noegel
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Köln, Germany. .,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany. .,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany.
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13
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Kraemer N, Ravindran E, Zaqout S, Neubert G, Schindler D, Ninnemann O, Gräf R, Seiler AEM, Kaindl AM. Loss of CDK5RAP2 affects neural but not non-neural mESC differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:2044-57. [PMID: 25942099 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1044169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biallelic mutations in the gene encoding centrosomal CDK5RAP2 lead to autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH), a disorder characterized by pronounced reduction in volume of otherwise architectonical normal brains and intellectual deficit. The current model for the microcephaly phenotype in MCPH invokes a premature shift from symmetric to asymmetric neural progenitor-cell divisions with a subsequent depletion of the progenitor pool. The isolated neural phenotype, despite the ubiquitous expression of CDK5RAP2, and reports of progressive microcephaly in individual MCPH cases prompted us to investigate neural and non-neural differentiation of Cdk5rap2-depleted and control murine embryonic stem cells (mESC). We demonstrate an accumulating proliferation defect of neurally differentiating Cdk5rap2-depleted mESC and cell death of proliferative and early postmitotic cells. A similar effect does not occur in non-neural differentiation into beating cardiomyocytes, which is in line with the lack of non-central nervous system features in MCPH patients. Our data suggest that MCPH is not only caused by premature differentiation of progenitors, but also by reduced propagation and survival of neural progenitors.
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Key Words
- CDK5RAP2
- Cdk5rap2, Cyclin-dependent kinase-5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 2
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- MCPH
- MCPH, autosomal recessive primary microcephaly
- NPCs, neuroepithelial progenitor cells
- mESC, murine embryonic stem cells
- mLIF, murine leukemia inhibitory factor
- mental retardation
- neural differentiation
- primary microcephaly
- qPCR, quantitative real-time PCR.
- stem cell
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Kraemer
- a Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Campus Mitte ; Berlin , Germany
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14
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Neuropädiatrische Differenzialdiagnostik der Mikrozephalie im Kindesalter. MED GENET-BERLIN 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11825-016-0081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Eine Mikrozephalie betrifft 2–3 % der Bevölkerung und geht oftmals mit einer Intelligenzminderung einher. Die zugrunde liegende Reduktion des Gehirnvolumens kann sowohl durch exogene Faktoren als auch durch genetische Ursachen bedingt sein. Problematisch sind sowohl die uneinheitliche Klassifikation als auch die große Heterogenität der hinter dem klinischen Zeichen Mikrozephalie stehenden Erkrankungen. Im vorliegenden Artikel stellen wir unseren Vorschlag für die diagnostische Herangehensweise an ein Kind mit Mikrozephalie aus neuropädiatrischer Sicht vor.
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15
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Species-Specific Expression of Full-Length and Alternatively Spliced Variant Forms of CDK5RAP2. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142577. [PMID: 26550838 PMCID: PMC4638350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
CDK5RAP2 is one of the primary microcephaly genes that are associated with reduced brain size and mental retardation. We have previously shown that human CDK5RAP2 exists as a full-length form (hCDK5RAP2) or an alternatively spliced variant form (hCDK5RAP2-V1) that is lacking exon 32. The equivalent of hCDK5RAP2-V1 has been reported in rat and mouse but the presence of full-length equivalent hCDK5RAP2 in rat and mouse has not been examined. Here, we demonstrate that rat expresses both a full length and an alternatively spliced variant form of CDK5RAP2 that are equivalent to our previously reported hCDK5RAP2 and hCDK5RAP2-V1, repectively. However, mouse expresses only one form of CDK5RAP2 that is equivalent to the human and rat alternatively spliced variant forms. Knowledge of this expression of different forms of CDK5RAP2 in human, rat and mouse is essential in selecting the appropriate model for studies of CDK5RAP2 and primary microcephaly but our findings further indicate the evolutionary divergence of mouse from the human and rat species.
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16
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Yigit G, Brown KE, Kayserili H, Pohl E, Caliebe A, Zahnleiter D, Rosser E, Bögershausen N, Uyguner ZO, Altunoglu U, Nürnberg G, Nürnberg P, Rauch A, Li Y, Thiel CT, Wollnik B. Mutations in CDK5RAP2 cause Seckel syndrome. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2015; 3:467-80. [PMID: 26436113 PMCID: PMC4585455 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Seckel syndrome is a heterogeneous, autosomal recessive disorder marked by prenatal proportionate short stature, severe microcephaly, intellectual disability, and characteristic facial features. Here, we describe the novel homozygous splice-site mutations c.383+1G>C and c.4005-9A>G in CDK5RAP2 in two consanguineous families with Seckel syndrome. CDK5RAP2 (CEP215) encodes a centrosomal protein which is known to be essential for centrosomal cohesion and proper spindle formation and has been shown to be causally involved in autosomal recessive primary microcephaly. We establish CDK5RAP2 as a disease-causing gene for Seckel syndrome and show that loss of functional CDK5RAP2 leads to severe defects in mitosis and spindle organization, resulting in cells with abnormal nuclei and centrosomal pattern, which underlines the important role of centrosomal and mitotic proteins in the pathogenesis of the disease. Additionally, we present an intriguing case of possible digenic inheritance in Seckel syndrome: A severely affected child of nonconsanguineous German parents was found to carry heterozygous mutations in CDK5RAP2 and CEP152. This finding points toward a potential additive genetic effect of mutations in CDK5RAP2 and CEP152.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Yigit
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne Cologne, Germany ; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne Cologne, Germany ; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne Cologne, Germany
| | - Karen E Brown
- Chromosome Biology Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Hülya Kayserili
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esther Pohl
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne Cologne, Germany ; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne Cologne, Germany ; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne Cologne, Germany
| | - Almuth Caliebe
- Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel Kiel, Germany
| | - Diana Zahnleiter
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Rosser
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children London, WC1N 3EH, UK
| | - Nina Bögershausen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne Cologne, Germany ; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne Cologne, Germany ; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne Cologne, Germany
| | - Zehra Oya Uyguner
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Umut Altunoglu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gudrun Nürnberg
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne Cologne, Germany ; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne Cologne, Germany ; Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne Cologne, Germany ; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne Cologne, Germany ; Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne Cologne, Germany
| | - Anita Rauch
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich Schwerzenbach-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yun Li
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne Cologne, Germany ; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne Cologne, Germany ; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Thomas Thiel
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wollnik
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne Cologne, Germany ; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne Cologne, Germany ; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne Cologne, Germany
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17
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Faheem M, Naseer MI, Rasool M, Chaudhary AG, Kumosani TA, Ilyas AM, Pushparaj P, Ahmed F, Algahtani HA, Al-Qahtani MH, Saleh Jamal H. Molecular genetics of human primary microcephaly: an overview. BMC Med Genomics 2015; 8 Suppl 1:S4. [PMID: 25951892 PMCID: PMC4315316 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-8-s1-s4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterised by microcephaly present at birth and non-progressive mental retardation. Microcephaly is the outcome of a smaller but architecturally normal brain; the cerebral cortex exhibits a significant decrease in size. MCPH is a neurogenic mitotic disorder, though affected patients demonstrate normal neuronal migration, neuronal apoptosis and neural function. Twelve MCPH loci (MCPH1-MCPH12) have been mapped to date from various populations around the world and contain the following genes: Microcephalin, WDR62, CDK5RAP2, CASC5, ASPM, CENPJ, STIL, CEP135, CEP152, ZNF335, PHC1 and CDK6. It is predicted that MCPH gene mutations may lead to the disease phenotype due to a disturbed mitotic spindle orientation, premature chromosomal condensation, signalling response as a result of damaged DNA, microtubule dynamics, transcriptional control or a few other hidden centrosomal mechanisms that can regulate the number of neurons produced by neuronal precursor cells. Additional findings have further elucidated the microcephaly aetiology and pathophysiology, which has informed the clinical management of families suffering from MCPH. The provision of molecular diagnosis and genetic counselling may help to decrease the frequency of this disorder.
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18
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von Bernuth H, Ravindran E, Du H, Fröhler S, Strehl K, Krämer N, Issa-Jahns L, Amulic B, Ninnemann O, Xiao MS, Eirich K, Kölsch U, Hauptmann K, John R, Schindler D, Wahn V, Chen W, Kaindl AM. Combined immunodeficiency develops with age in Immunodeficiency-centromeric instability-facial anomalies syndrome 2 (ICF2). Orphanet J Rare Dis 2014; 9:116. [PMID: 25330735 PMCID: PMC4230835 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-014-0116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The autosomal recessive immunodeficiency-centromeric instability-facial anomalies syndrome (ICF) is characterized by immunodeficiency, developmental delay, and facial anomalies. ICF2, caused by biallelic ZBTB24 gene mutations, is acknowledged primarily as an isolated B-cell defect. Here, we extend the phenotype spectrum by describing, in particular, for the first time the development of a combined immune defect throughout the disease course as well as putative autoimmune phenomena such as granulomatous hepatitis and nephritis. We also demonstrate impaired cell-proliferation and increased cell death of immune and non-immune cells as well as data suggesting a chromosome separation defect in addition to the known chromosome condensation defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horst von Bernuth
- Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany. .,Labor Berlin Charité Vivantes GmbH, Department of Immunology, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ethiraj Ravindran
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany. .,Pediatric Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Hang Du
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13092, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Fröhler
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13092, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Karoline Strehl
- Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Nadine Krämer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany. .,Pediatric Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Lina Issa-Jahns
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany. .,Pediatric Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Borko Amulic
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Olaf Ninnemann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Mei-Sheng Xiao
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13092, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Katharina Eirich
- Institute for Human Genetics, Biozentrum, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Uwe Kölsch
- Labor Berlin Charité Vivantes GmbH, Department of Immunology, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Hauptmann
- Institute for Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Rainer John
- Pediatric Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Detlev Schindler
- Institute for Human Genetics, Biozentrum, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Volker Wahn
- Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Wei Chen
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13092, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Angela M Kaindl
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany. .,Pediatric Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
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19
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Jiang L, Yin J, Ye L, Yang J, Hemani G, Liu AJ, Zou H, He D, Sun L, Zeng X, Li Z, Zheng Y, Lin Y, Liu Y, Fang Y, Xu J, Li Y, Dai S, Guan J, Jiang L, Wei Q, Wang Y, Li Y, Huang C, Zuo X, Liu Y, Wu X, Zhang L, Zhou L, Zhang Q, Li T, Chen L, Xu Z, Yang X, Qian F, Xie W, Liu W, Guo Q, Huang S, Zhao J, Li M, Jin Y, Gao J, Lv Y, Wang Y, Lin L, Guo A, Danoy P, Willner D, Cremin C, Hadler J, Zhang F, Zhao Y, Li M, Yue T, Fan X, Guo J, Mu R, Li J, Wu C, Zeng M, Wang J, Li S, Jin L, Wang B, Wang J, Ma X, Sun L, Zhang X, Brown MA, Visscher PM, Su DF, Xu H. Novel Risk Loci for Rheumatoid Arthritis in Han Chinese and Congruence With Risk Variants in Europeans. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:1121-32. [PMID: 24782177 DOI: 10.1002/art.38353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiang
- Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Jian Yin
- Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Lingying Ye
- Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Jian Yang
- Princess Alexandra Hospital and University of Queensland, Brisbane; Queensland Australia
| | - Gibran Hemani
- Princess Alexandra Hospital and University of Queensland, Brisbane; Queensland Australia
| | - Ai-jun Liu
- Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Hejian Zou
- Huashan Hospital and Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | | | | | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Zhanguo Li
- People's Hospital and Beijing University; Beijing China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital and Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Yiping Lin
- 202nd Hospital of People's Liberation Army; Shenyang China
| | - Yi Liu
- West China Hospital and Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Yongfei Fang
- Southwest Hospital and Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Jianhua Xu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Hefei China
| | - Yinong Li
- People's Hospital of Fujian Province and Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Fuzhou China
| | - Shengming Dai
- Shanghai Changhai Hospital and Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Jianlong Guan
- Huadong Hospital and Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Lindi Jiang
- Zhongshan Hospital and Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Qianghua Wei
- Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai China
| | - Yi Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital; Lanzhou China
| | - Yang Li
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin China
| | | | - Xiaoxia Zuo
- Xiangya Hospital and Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Yu Liu
- Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Xin Wu
- Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Libin Zhang
- Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Ting Li
- Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Ling Chen
- Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Feng Qian
- Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Weilin Xie
- Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Wei Liu
- Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China, and 442nd Hospital of Fuzhou General Hospital, Nanjing Military Region; Ningde China
| | - Qian Guo
- Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Shaolan Huang
- Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Yanhua Jin
- Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Jie Gao
- Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Ying Lv
- Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Li Lin
- Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Aihua Guo
- Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Patrick Danoy
- Princess Alexandra Hospital and University of Queensland, Brisbane; Queensland Australia
| | - Dana Willner
- Princess Alexandra Hospital and University of Queensland, Brisbane; Queensland Australia
| | - Catherine Cremin
- Princess Alexandra Hospital and University of Queensland, Brisbane; Queensland Australia
| | - Johanna Hadler
- Princess Alexandra Hospital and University of Queensland, Brisbane; Queensland Australia
| | - Fengchun Zhang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Mengtao Li
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Tao Yue
- Guanghua Hospital; Shanghai China
| | | | - Jianping Guo
- People's Hospital and Beijing University; Beijing China
| | - Rong Mu
- People's Hospital and Beijing University; Beijing China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Southwest Hospital and Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Chao Wu
- Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Ming Zeng
- National Institute for Food and Drug Control; Beijing China
| | | | | | - Li Jin
- Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Binbin Wang
- National Research Institute for Family Planning; Beijing China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Research Institute for Family Planning and Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Xu Ma
- National Research Institute for Family Planning; Beijing China
| | | | | | - Matthew A. Brown
- Princess Alexandra Hospital and University of Queensland, Brisbane; Queensland Australia
| | - Peter M. Visscher
- Princess Alexandra Hospital and University of Queensland, Brisbane; Queensland Australia
| | - Ding-feng Su
- Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Huji Xu
- Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
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20
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Abnormal centrosome and spindle morphology in a patient with autosomal recessive primary microcephaly type 2 due to compound heterozygous WDR62 gene mutation. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2013; 8:178. [PMID: 24228726 PMCID: PMC4225825 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-8-178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) is a rare neurodevelopmental disease with severe microcephaly at birth due to a pronounced reduction in brain volume and intellectual disability. Biallelic mutations in the WD repeat-containing protein 62 gene WDR62 are the genetic cause of MCPH2. However, the exact underlying pathomechanism of MCPH2 remains to be clarified. Methods/results We characterized the clinical, radiological, and cellular features that add to the human MCPH2 phenotype. Exome sequencing followed by Sanger sequencing in a German family with two affected daughters with primary microcephaly revealed in the index patient the compound heterozygous mutations c.1313G>A (p.R438H) / c.2864-2867delACAG (p.D955Afs*112) of WDR62, the second of which is novel. Radiological examination displayed small frontal lobes, corpus callosum hypoplasia, simplified hippocampal gyration, and cerebellar hypoplasia. We investigated the cellular phenotype in patient-derived lymphoblastoid cells and compared it with that of healthy female controls. WDR62 expression in the patient’s immortalized lymphocytes was deranged, and mitotic spindle defects as well as abnormal centrosomal protein localization were apparent. Conclusion We propose that a disruption of centrosome integrity and/or spindle organization may play an important role in the development of microcephaly in MCPH2.
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Issa L, Mueller K, Seufert K, Kraemer N, Rosenkotter H, Ninnemann O, Buob M, Kaindl AM, Morris-Rosendahl DJ. Clinical and cellular features in patients with primary autosomal recessive microcephaly and a novel CDK5RAP2 mutation. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2013; 8:59. [PMID: 23587236 PMCID: PMC3639195 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-8-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary autosomal recessive microcephaly (MCPH) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder that results in severe microcephaly at birth with pronounced reduction in brain volume, particularly of the neocortex, simplified cortical gyration and intellectual disability. Homozygous mutations in the Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 2 gene CDK5RAP2 are the cause of MCPH3. Despite considerable interest in MCPH as a model disorder for brain development, the underlying pathomechanism has not been definitively established and only four pedigrees with three CDK5RAP2 mutations have been reported. Specifically for MCPH3, no detailed radiological or histological descriptions exist. METHODS/RESULTS We sought to characterize the clinical and radiological features and pathological cellular processes that contribute to the human MCPH3 phenotype. Haplotype analysis using microsatellite markers around the MCPH1-7 and PNKP loci in an Italian family with two sons with primary microcephaly, revealed possible linkage to the MCPH3 locus. Sequencing of the coding exons and exon/intron splice junctions of the CDK5RAP2 gene identified homozygosity for the novel nonsense mutation, c.4441C > T (p.Arg1481*), in both affected sons. cMRI showed microcephaly, simplified gyral pattern and hypogenesis of the corpus callosum. The cellular phenotype was assessed in EBV-transformed lymphocyte cell lines established from the two affected sons and compared with healthy male controls. CDK5RAP2 protein levels were below detection level in immortalized lymphocytes from the patients. Moreover, mitotic spindle defects and disrupted γ-tubulin localization to the centrosome were apparent. CONCLUSION These results suggest that spindle defects and a disruption of centrosome integrity play an important role in the development of microcephaly in MCPH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Issa
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Kosodo Y. Interkinetic nuclear migration: beyond a hallmark of neurogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:2727-38. [PMID: 22415322 PMCID: PMC11115108 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-0952-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Interkinetic nuclear migration (INM) is an oscillatory nuclear movement that is synchronized with the progression of the cell cycle. The efforts of several researchers, following the first report of INM in 1935, have revealed many of the molecular mechanisms of this fascinating phenomenon linking the timing of the cell cycle and nuclear positioning in tissue. Researchers are now faced with a more fundamental question: is INM important for tissue, particularly brain, development? In this review, I summarize the current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms governing INM, investigations involving several different tissues and species, and possible explanations for how nuclear movement affects cell-fate determination and tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Kosodo
- Department of Anatomy, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan.
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Issa L, Kraemer N, Rickert CH, Sifringer M, Ninnemann O, Stoltenburg-Didinger G, Kaindl AM. CDK5RAP2 Expression During Murine and Human Brain Development Correlates with Pathology in Primary Autosomal Recessive Microcephaly. Cereb Cortex 2012; 23:2245-60. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhs212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Kuhnert O, Baumann O, Meyer I, Gräf R. Functional characterization of CP148, a novel key component for centrosome integrity in Dictyostelium. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:1875-88. [PMID: 22223109 PMCID: PMC11114716 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0904-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Dictyostelium centrosome consists of a layered core structure surrounded by a microtubule-nucleating corona. A tight linkage through the nuclear envelope connects the cytosolic centrosome with the clustered centromeres within the nuclear matrix. At G2/M the corona dissociates, and the core structure duplicates, yielding two spindle poles. CP148 is a novel coiled coil protein of the centrosomal corona. GFP-CP148 exhibited cell cycle-dependent presence and absence at the centrosome, which correlates with dissociation of the corona in prophase and its reformation in late telophase. During telophase, GFP-CP148 formed cytosolic foci, which coalesced and joined the centrosome. This explains the hypertrophic appearance of the corona upon strong overexpression of GFP-CP148. Depletion of CP148 by RNAi caused virtual loss of the corona and disorganization of interphase microtubules. Surprisingly, formation of the mitotic spindle and astral microtubules was unaffected. Thus, microtubule nucleation complexes associate with centrosomal core components through different means during interphase and mitosis. Furthermore, CP148 RNAi caused dispersal of centromeres and altered Sun1 distribution at the nuclear envelope, suggesting a role of CP148 in the linkage between centrosomes and centromeres. Taken together, CP148 is an essential factor for the formation of the centrosomal corona, which in turn is required for centrosome/centromere linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Kuhnert
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24–25, Haus 26, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Otto Baumann
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24–25, Haus 26, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Irene Meyer
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24–25, Haus 26, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ralph Gräf
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24–25, Haus 26, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Azimzadeh J, Wong ML, Downhour DM, Sánchez Alvarado A, Marshall WF. Centrosome loss in the evolution of planarians. Science 2012; 335:461-3. [PMID: 22223737 DOI: 10.1126/science.1214457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The centrosome, a cytoplasmic organelle formed by cylinder-shaped centrioles surrounded by a microtubule-organizing matrix, is a hallmark of animal cells. The centrosome is conserved and essential for the development of all animal species described so far. Here, we show that planarians, and possibly other flatworms, lack centrosomes. In planarians, centrioles are only assembled in terminally differentiating ciliated cells through the acentriolar pathway to trigger the assembly of cilia. We identified a large set of conserved proteins required for centriole assembly in animals and note centrosome protein families that are missing from the planarian genome. Our study uncovers the molecular architecture and evolution of the animal centrosome and emphasizes the plasticity of animal cell biology and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Azimzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California-San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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