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Stanforth KJ, Zakhour MI, Chater PI, Wilcox MD, Adamson B, Robson NA, Pearson JP. The MUC2 Gene Product: Polymerisation and Post-Secretory Organisation-Current Models. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1663. [PMID: 38932019 PMCID: PMC11207715 DOI: 10.3390/polym16121663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
MUC2 mucin, the primary gel-forming component of intestinal mucus, is well researched and a model of polymerisation and post-secretory organisation has been published previously. Recently, several significant developments have been made which either introduce new ideas or challenge previous theories. New ideas include an overhaul of the MUC2 C-terminal globular structure which is proposed to harbour several previously unobserved domains, and include a site for an extra intermolecular disulphide bridge dimer between the cysteine 4379 of adjacent MUC2 C-termini. MUC2 polymers are also now thought to be secreted attached to the epithelial surface of goblet cells in the small intestine and removed following secretion via a metalloprotease meprin β-mediated cleavage of the von Willebrand D2 domain of the N-terminus. It remains unclear whether MUC2 forms intermolecular dimers, trimers, or both, at the N-termini during polymerisation, with several articles supporting either trimer or dimer formation. The presence of a firm inner mucus layer in the small intestine is similarly unclear. Considering this recent research, this review proposes an update to the previous model of MUC2 polymerisation and secretion, considers conflicting theories and data, and highlights the importance of this research to the understanding of MUC2 mucus layers in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J. Stanforth
- Aelius Biotech, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (P.I.C.); (M.D.W.); (B.A.); (N.A.R.)
| | - Maria I. Zakhour
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Catherine Cookson Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (M.I.Z.); (J.P.P.)
| | - Peter I. Chater
- Aelius Biotech, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (P.I.C.); (M.D.W.); (B.A.); (N.A.R.)
| | - Matthew D. Wilcox
- Aelius Biotech, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (P.I.C.); (M.D.W.); (B.A.); (N.A.R.)
| | - Beth Adamson
- Aelius Biotech, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (P.I.C.); (M.D.W.); (B.A.); (N.A.R.)
| | - Niamh A. Robson
- Aelius Biotech, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (P.I.C.); (M.D.W.); (B.A.); (N.A.R.)
| | - Jeffrey P. Pearson
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Catherine Cookson Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (M.I.Z.); (J.P.P.)
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Ishita Y, Onodera A, Ekino T, Chihara T, Okumura M. Co-option of an Astacin Metalloprotease Is Associated with an Evolutionarily Novel Feeding Morphology in a Predatory Nematode. Mol Biol Evol 2023; 40:msad266. [PMID: 38105444 PMCID: PMC10753534 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals consume a wide variety of food sources to adapt to different environments. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying the acquisition of evolutionarily novel feeding morphology remain largely unknown. While the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans feeds on bacteria, the satellite species Pristionchus pacificus exhibits predatory feeding behavior toward other nematodes, which is an evolutionarily novel feeding habit. Here, we found that the astacin metalloprotease Ppa-NAS-6 is required for the predatory killing by P. pacificus. Ppa-nas-6 mutants were defective in predation-associated characteristics, specifically the tooth morphogenesis and tooth movement during predation. Comparison of expression patterns and rescue experiments of nas-6 in P. pacificus and C. elegans suggested that alteration of the spatial expression patterns of NAS-6 may be vital for acquiring predation-related traits. Reporter analysis of the Ppa-nas-6 promoter in C. elegans revealed that the alteration in expression patterns was caused by evolutionary changes in cis- and trans-regulatory elements. This study suggests that the co-option of a metalloprotease is involved in an evolutionarily novel feeding morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Ishita
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Ageha Onodera
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Taisuke Ekino
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Takahiro Chihara
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Program of Basic Biology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Misako Okumura
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Program of Basic Biology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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Siemsen W, Halske C, Behrens HM, Krüger S, Becker-Pauly C, Röcken C. The putative pleiotropic functions of meprin β in gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2023; 26:542-552. [PMID: 36976399 PMCID: PMC10284984 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-023-01385-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gastric microbiome and inflammation play a key role in gastric cancer (GC) by regulating the immune response in a complex manner and by inflammatory events supporting carcinogenesis. Meprin β is a zinc endopeptidase and participates in tissue homeostasis, intestinal barrier function and immunological processes. It influences local inflammatory processes, dysbiosis and the microbiome. Here, we tested the hypothesis that meprin β is expressed in GC and of tumor biological significance. PATIENTS AND METHODS Four hundred forty whole mount tissue sections of patients with therapy-naive GC were stained with an anti-meprin β antibody. The histoscore and staining pattern were analyzed for each case. Following dichotomization at the median histoscore into a "low" and "high" group, the expression was correlated with numerous clinicopathological patient characteristics. RESULTS Meprin β was found intracellularly and at the cell membrane of GC. Cytoplasmic expression correlated with the phenotype according to Lauren, microsatellite instability and PD-L1 status. Membranous expression correlated with intestinal phenotype, mucin-1-, E-cadherin-, β-catenin status, mucin typus, microsatellite instability, KRAS mutation and PD-L1-positivity. Patients with cytoplasmic expression of meprin β showed a better overall and tumor-specific survival. CONCLUSIONS Meprin β is differentially expressed in GC and has potential tumor biological relevance. It might function as a tumor suppressor or promotor depending on histoanatomical site and context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Siemsen
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, House U33, 24105, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christine Halske
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, House U33, 24105, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans-Michael Behrens
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, House U33, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sandra Krüger
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, House U33, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Röcken
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, House U33, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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Bülck C, Nyström EE, Koudelka T, Mannbar-Frahm M, Andresen G, Radhouani M, Tran F, Scharfenberg F, Schrell F, Armbrust F, Dahlke E, Zhao B, Vervaeke A, Theilig F, Rosenstiel P, Starkl P, Rosshart SP, Fickenscher H, Tholey A, Hansson GC, Becker-Pauly C. Proteolytic processing of galectin-3 by meprin metalloproteases is crucial for host-microbiome homeostasis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf4055. [PMID: 37000885 PMCID: PMC10065446 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf4055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The metalloproteases meprin α and meprin β are highly expressed in the healthy gut but significantly decreased in inflammatory bowel disease, implicating a protective role in mucosal homeostasis. In the colon, meprin α and meprin β form covalently linked heterodimers tethering meprin α to the plasma membrane, therefore presenting dual proteolytic activity in a unique enzyme complex. To unravel its function, we applied N-terminomics and identified galectin-3 as the major intestinal substrate for meprin α/β heterodimers. Galectin-3-deficient and meprin α/β double knockout mice show similar alterations in their microbiome in comparison to wild-type mice. We further demonstrate that meprin α/β heterodimers differentially process galectin-3 upon bacterial infection, in germ-free, conventionally housed (specific pathogen-free), or wildling mice, which in turn regulates the bacterial agglutination properties of galectin-3. Thus, the constitutive cleavage of galectin-3 by meprin α/β heterodimers may play a key role in colon host-microbiome homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Bülck
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Tomas Koudelka
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, University of Kiel, 24188 Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Mannbar-Frahm
- Institute of Infection Medicine, University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24015 Kiel, Germany
| | - Gerrit Andresen
- Institute of Infection Medicine, University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24015 Kiel, Germany
| | - Mariem Radhouani
- Division of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Tran
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Fred Armbrust
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Eileen Dahlke
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Bei Zhao
- Department of Microbiome Research, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alex Vervaeke
- Division of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Philipp Starkl
- Division of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan P. Rosshart
- Department of Microbiome Research, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Infectious Diseases), Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Helmut Fickenscher
- Institute of Infection Medicine, University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24015 Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Tholey
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, University of Kiel, 24188 Kiel, Germany
| | - Gunnar C. Hansson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Kovács P, Pushparaj PN, Takács R, Mobasheri A, Matta C. The clusterin connectome: Emerging players in chondrocyte biology and putative exploratory biomarkers of osteoarthritis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1103097. [PMID: 37033956 PMCID: PMC10081159 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1103097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionClusterin is amoonlighting protein that hasmany functions. It is amultifunctional Q6 holdase chaperone glycoprotein that is present intracellularly and extracellularly in almost all bodily fluids. Clusterin is involved in lipid transport, cell differentiation, regulation of apoptosis, and clearance of cellular debris, and plays a protective role in ensuring cellular survival. However, the possible involvement of clusterin in arthritic disease remains unclear. Given the significant potential of clusterin as a biomarker of osteoarthritis (OA), a more detailed analysis of its complex network in an inflammatory environment, specifically in the context of OA, is required. Based on the molecular network of clusterin, this study aimed to identify interacting partners that could be developed into biomarker panels for OA.MethodsThe STRING database and Cytoscape were used to map and visualize the clusterin connectome. The Qiagen Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software was used to analyze and study clusterinassociated signaling networks in OA. We also analyzed transcription factors known to modulate clusterin expression, which may be altered in OA.ResultsThe top hits in the clusterin network were intracellular chaperones, aggregate-forming proteins, apoptosis regulators and complement proteins. Using a text-mining approach in Cytoscape, we identified additional interacting partners, including serum proteins, apolipoproteins, and heat shock proteins.DiscussionBased on known interactions with proteins, we predicted potential novel components of the clusterin connectome in OA, including selenoprotein R, semaphorins, and meprins, which may be important for designing new prognostic or diagnostic biomarker panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Kovács
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Peter Natesan Pushparaj
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Roland Takács
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- FibroHealth Interdisciplinary Research Programme, Fibrobesity Cluster, Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Csaba Matta, ; Ali Mobasheri,
| | - Csaba Matta
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Csaba Matta, ; Ali Mobasheri,
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Liao S, Lin Y, Liu L, Yang S, Lin Y, He J, Shao Y. ADAM10-a "multitasker" in sepsis: focus on its posttranslational target. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:395-423. [PMID: 36565333 PMCID: PMC9789377 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01673-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis has a complex pathogenesis in which the uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response triggered by infection leads to vascular barrier disruption, microcirculation dysfunction and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Numerous recent studies reveal that a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) acts as a "molecular scissor" playing a pivotal role in the inflammatory response during sepsis by regulating proteolysis by cleaving various membrane protein substrates, including proinflammatory cytokines, cadherins and Notch, which are involved in intercellular communication. ADAM10 can also act as the cellular receptor for Staphylococcus aureus α-toxin, leading to lethal sepsis. However, its substrate-specific modulation and precise targets in sepsis have not yet to be elucidated. METHODS We performed a computer-based online search using PubMed and Google Scholar for published articles concerning ADAM10 and sepsis. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we focus on the functions of ADAM10 in sepsis-related complex endothelium-immune cell interactions and microcirculation dysfunction through the diversity of its substrates and its enzymatic activity. In addition, we highlight the posttranslational mechanisms of ADAM10 at specific subcellular sites, or in multimolecular complexes, which will provide the insight to intervene in the pathophysiological process of sepsis caused by ADAM10 dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanglin Liao
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078The Intensive Care Unit, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Jiaoping Road 42, Tangxia Town, Dongguan, 523710 Guangdong China
| | - Yao Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Organ Dysfunction and Protection Translational Medicine, Jieyang Medical Research Center, Jieyang People’s Hospital, Tianfu Road 107, Rongcheng District, Jieyang, 522000 Guangdong China
| | - Lizhen Liu
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078The Intensive Care Unit, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Jiaoping Road 42, Tangxia Town, Dongguan, 523710 Guangdong China
| | - Shuai Yang
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078The Intensive Care Unit, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Jiaoping Road 42, Tangxia Town, Dongguan, 523710 Guangdong China
| | - YingYing Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Organ Dysfunction and Protection Translational Medicine, Jieyang Medical Research Center, Jieyang People’s Hospital, Tianfu Road 107, Rongcheng District, Jieyang, 522000 Guangdong China
| | - Junbing He
- The Key Laboratory of Organ Dysfunction and Protection Translational Medicine, Jieyang Medical Research Center, Jieyang People’s Hospital, Tianfu Road 107, Rongcheng District, Jieyang, 522000 Guangdong China
| | - Yiming Shao
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078The Intensive Care Unit, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Jiaoping Road 42, Tangxia Town, Dongguan, 523710 Guangdong China
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078The Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translational Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong China
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7
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Noh SG, Jung HJ, Kim S, Arulkumar R, Chung KW, Park D, Choi YJ, Chung HY. Sex-Mediated Differences in TNF Signaling- and ECM-Related Gene Expression in Aged Rat Kidney. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:552-562. [PMID: 37005299 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Aging leads to the functional decline of an organism, which is associated with age and sex. To understand the functional change of kidneys depending on age and sex, we carried out a transcriptome analysis using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) data from rat kidneys. Four differentially expressed gene (DEG) sets were generated according to age and sex, and Gene Ontology analysis and overlapping analysis of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were performed for the DEG sets. Through the analysis, we revealed that inflammation- and extracellular matrix (ECM)-related genes and pathways were upregulated in both males and females during aging, which was more prominent in old males than in old females. Furthermore, quantitative real-time PCR analysis confirmed that the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling-related genes, Birc3, Socs3, and Tnfrsf1b, and ECM-related genes, Cd44, Col3a1, and Col5a2, which showed that the genes were markedly upregulated in males and not females during aging. Also, hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining for histological analysis showed that renal damage was highly shown in old males rather than old females. In conclusion, in the rat kidney, the genes involved in TNF signaling and ECM accumulation are upregulated in males more than in females during aging. These results suggest that the upregulation of the genes may have a higher contribution to age-related kidney inflammation and fibrosis in males than in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Gyun Noh
- Interdisciplinary Research Program of Bioinformatics and Longevity Science, Pusan National University
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University
| | - Seungwoo Kim
- Interdisciplinary Research Program of Bioinformatics and Longevity Science, Pusan National University
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University
| | - Radha Arulkumar
- Interdisciplinary Research Program of Bioinformatics and Longevity Science, Pusan National University
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University
| | - Ki Wung Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University
| | - Daeui Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology
| | - Yeon Ja Choi
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Dongguk University
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Interdisciplinary Research Program of Bioinformatics and Longevity Science, Pusan National University
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University
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8
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Haack AM, Overall CM, Auf dem Keller U. Degradomics technologies in matrisome exploration. Matrix Biol 2022; 114:1-17. [PMID: 36280126 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Consisting of a defined set of extracellular proteins secreted from resident cells and with minor contributions from serum proteins, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is an essential component of all tissues. Maintaining tissue homeostasis, structural support and cellular control through cell-ECM communication, the ECM has come to be viewed as not just a passive structural entity but rather as a dynamic signaling conduit between cells and the extracellular compartment. Proteins and their cleavage products mediate this communication, and aberrant signaling, either directly or indirectly distorting the ECM, results in pathological conditions including cancer, inflammation, fibrosis, and neurodegenerative diseases. Characterization of ECM components, the matrisome, the extracellular environment and their changes in disease is therefore of importance to understand and mitigate by developing novel therapeutics. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) proteomics has been integral to protein and proteome research for decades and long superseded the obsolescent gel-based approaches. A continuous effort has ensured progress with increased sensitivity and throughput as more advanced equipment has been developed hand in hand with specialized enrichment, detection, and identification methods. Part of this effort lies in the field of degradomics, a branch of proteomics focused on discovering novel protease substrates by identification of protease-generated neo-N termini, the N-terminome, and characterizing the responsible protease networks. Various methods to do so have been developed, some specialized for specific tissue types, others for particular proteases, throughput, or ease of use. This review aims to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art proteomics techniques that have successfully been recently utilized to characterize proteolytic cleavages in the ECM and thereby guided new research and understanding of the ECM and matrisome biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander M Haack
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christopher M Overall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, 4.401 Life Sciences Institute, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Ulrich Auf dem Keller
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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9
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Png G, Gerlini R, Hatzikotoulas K, Barysenka A, Rayner NW, Klarić L, Rathkolb B, Aguilar-Pimentel JA, Rozman J, Fuchs H, Gailus-Durner V, Tsafantakis E, Karaleftheri M, Dedoussis G, Pietrzik C, Wilson JF, Angelis MH, Becker-Pauly C, Gilly A, Zeggini E. Identifying causal serum protein-cardiometabolic trait relationships using whole genome sequencing. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 32:1266-1275. [PMID: 36349687 PMCID: PMC10077504 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, have a high public health burden. Understanding the genetically-determined regulation of proteins that are dysregulated in disease can help to dissect the complex biology underpinning them. Here, we perform a protein quantitative trait locus (pQTL) analysis of 255 serum proteins relevant to cardiometabolic processes in 2893 individuals. Meta-analysing whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data from two Greek cohorts, MANOLIS (n = 1356; 22.5x WGS) and Pomak (n = 1537; 18.4x WGS), we detect 302 independently-associated pQTL variants for 171 proteins, including 12 rare variants (minor allele frequency [MAF] < 1%). We additionally find 15 pQTL variants that are rare in non-Finnish European populations, but have drifted up in frequency in the discovery cohorts here. We identify proteins causally associated with cardiometabolic traits, including MEP1B for high-density lipoprotein levels; and describe a knock-out Mep1b mouse model. Our findings furnish insights into the genetic architecture of the serum proteome, identify new protein-disease relationships, and demonstrate the importance of isolated populations in pQTL analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Png
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Raffaele Gerlini
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Hatzikotoulas
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrei Barysenka
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - N William Rayner
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lucija Klarić
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Birgit Rathkolb
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Juan A Aguilar-Pimentel
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jan Rozman
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Valerie Gailus-Durner
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | | | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Claus Pietrzik
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - James F Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Hrabe Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Experimental Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Christoph Becker-Pauly
- Institute of Biochemistry, Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Arthur Gilly
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
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10
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Bayly-Jones C, Lupton CJ, Fritz C, Venugopal H, Ramsbeck D, Wermann M, Jäger C, de Marco A, Schilling S, Schlenzig D, Whisstock JC. Helical ultrastructure of the metalloprotease meprin α in complex with a small molecule inhibitor. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6178. [PMID: 36261433 PMCID: PMC9581967 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33893-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The zinc-dependent metalloprotease meprin α is predominantly expressed in the brush border membrane of proximal tubules in the kidney and enterocytes in the small intestine and colon. In normal tissue homeostasis meprin α performs key roles in inflammation, immunity, and extracellular matrix remodelling. Dysregulated meprin α is associated with acute kidney injury, sepsis, urinary tract infection, metastatic colorectal carcinoma, and inflammatory bowel disease. Accordingly, meprin α is the target of drug discovery programs. In contrast to meprin β, meprin α is secreted into the extracellular space, whereupon it oligomerises to form giant assemblies and is the largest extracellular protease identified to date (~6 MDa). Here, using cryo-electron microscopy, we determine the high-resolution structure of the zymogen and mature form of meprin α, as well as the structure of the active form in complex with a prototype small molecule inhibitor and human fetuin-B. Our data reveal that meprin α forms a giant, flexible, left-handed helical assembly of roughly 22 nm in diameter. We find that oligomerisation improves proteolytic and thermal stability but does not impact substrate specificity or enzymatic activity. Furthermore, structural comparison with meprin β reveal unique features of the active site of meprin α, and helical assembly more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Bayly-Jones
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Christopher J. Lupton
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Claudia Fritz
- grid.418008.50000 0004 0494 3022Department for Drug Design and Target Validation (IZI-MWT), Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Halle, Germany
| | - Hariprasad Venugopal
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC Australia
| | - Daniel Ramsbeck
- grid.418008.50000 0004 0494 3022Department for Drug Design and Target Validation (IZI-MWT), Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Halle, Germany
| | - Michael Wermann
- grid.418008.50000 0004 0494 3022Department for Drug Design and Target Validation (IZI-MWT), Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Alex de Marco
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Stephan Schilling
- grid.418008.50000 0004 0494 3022Department for Drug Design and Target Validation (IZI-MWT), Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Halle, Germany ,grid.427932.90000 0001 0692 3664Hochschule Anhalt, University of Applied Sciences, Köthen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Schlenzig
- grid.418008.50000 0004 0494 3022Department for Drug Design and Target Validation (IZI-MWT), Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Halle, Germany
| | - James C. Whisstock
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857EMBL Australia, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800 Australia ,grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
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11
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Kumar TVC, Verma SK, Sharma D, Kumar LK, Veerappa VG, Singh D, Onteru SK. Meprin A1 subunit beta gene polymorphism is associated with the length of post-partum anestrus interval in Murrah buffaloes. Gene 2022; 827:146456. [PMID: 35358656 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Postpartum anestrus interval (PPAI) is the interval between parturition and the first postpartum estrus exhibition in animals. Appearance of both normal and PPA buffaloes under the same farm conditions indicates the role of possible genetic predisposition to PPA. To identify the genetic and non-genetic factors associated with PPA in buffaloes, we collected data on PPAI and other 38 non-genetic variables from 575 Murrah buffaloes in the field conditions and identified the PPA associated non-genetic factors in our previous study. To explore the genetic factors associated with the unexplained variation in PPAI residuals, the present study identified 41 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 13 candidate genes using Sanger sequencing. Exploration of their association with the PPAI residuals of 50 extreme PPA and 50 normal buffaloes identified the significant (P < 0.01) association of the SNP (g.37219977A>G) in the 3'-UTR region of the Meprin A 1 subunit beta (Mep1b) gene with PPAI, which was further validated (P = 0.058) in a large population sample (n = 417). Bioinformatics analysis of the 3'-UTR region has identified three miRNA, bta-miR-2420, bta-miR-2325b and bta-miR-453 that could regulate Igf-1 in the plasma of animals with different genotypes (GG, AG and AA). The higher Igf-1 levels in the GG genotypes than that of AA and AG genotypes of this SNP (g.37219977A>G) further suggest the association of Mep1b gene with PPA condition in Murrah buffaloes. As a result of this study, we propose that buffaloes with protective alleles at this SNP be selected to improve the herd's reproductive efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thota Venkata Chaitanya Kumar
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Surya Kant Verma
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Davinder Sharma
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Lal Krishan Kumar
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Vedamurthy G Veerappa
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Dheer Singh
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Suneel Kumar Onteru
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India.
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12
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MacDonald BT, Keshishian H, Mundorff CC, Arduini A, Lai D, Bendinelli K, Popp NR, Bhandary B, Clauser KR, Specht H, Elowe NH, Laprise D, Xing Y, Kaushik VK, Carr SA, Ellinor PT. TAILS Identifies Candidate Substrates and Biomarkers of ADAMTS7, a Therapeutic Protease Target in Coronary Artery Disease. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100223. [PMID: 35283288 PMCID: PMC9035411 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the secreted enzyme ADAMTS7 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 7) are associated with protection for coronary artery disease. ADAMTS7 catalytic inhibition has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy for treating coronary artery disease; however, the lack of an endogenous substrate has hindered the development of activity-based biomarkers. To identify ADAMTS7 extracellular substrates and their cleavage sites relevant to vascular disease, we used TAILS (terminal amine isotopic labeling of substrates), a method for identifying protease-generated neo-N termini. We compared the secreted proteome of vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells expressing either full-length mouse ADAMTS7 WT, catalytic mutant ADAMTS7 E373Q, or a control luciferase adenovirus. Significantly enriched N-terminal cleavage sites in ADAMTS7 WT samples were compared to the negative control conditions and filtered for stringency, resulting in catalogs of high confidence candidate ADAMTS7 cleavage sites from our three independent TAILS experiments. Within the overlap of these discovery sets, we identified 24 unique cleavage sites from 16 protein substrates, including cleavage sites in EFEMP1 (EGF-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1/Fibulin-3). The ADAMTS7 TAILS preference for EFEMP1 cleavage at the amino acids 123.124 over the adjacent 124.125 site was validated using both endogenous EFEMP1 and purified EFEMP1 in a binary in vitro cleavage assay. Collectively, our TAILS discovery experiments have uncovered hundreds of potential substrates and cleavage sites to explore disease-related biological substrates and facilitate activity-based ADAMTS7 biomarker development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan T MacDonald
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Hasmik Keshishian
- Proteomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles C Mundorff
- Proteomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alessandro Arduini
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel Lai
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kayla Bendinelli
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas R Popp
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bidur Bhandary
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karl R Clauser
- Proteomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Harrison Specht
- Proteomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nadine H Elowe
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dylan Laprise
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yi Xing
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Virendar K Kaushik
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven A Carr
- Proteomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Rahn S, Becker-Pauly C. Meprin and ADAM proteases as triggers of systemic inflammation in sepsis. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:534-556. [PMID: 34762736 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Systemic inflammatory disorders (SIDs) comprise a broad range of diseases characterized by dysregulated excessive innate immune responses. Severe forms of SIDs can lead to organ failure and death, and their increasing incidence represents a major issue for the healthcare system. Protease-mediated ectodomain shedding of cytokines and their receptors represents a central mechanism in the regulation of inflammatory responses. The metalloprotease A disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) 17 is the best-characterized ectodomain sheddase capable of releasing TNF-α and soluble IL-6 receptor, which are decisive factors of systemic inflammation. Recently, meprin metalloproteases were also identified as IL-6 receptor sheddases and activators of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. In different mouse models of SID, particularly those mimicking a sepsis-like phenotype, ADAM17 and meprins have been found to promote disease progression. In this review, we summarize the role of ADAM10, ADAM17, and meprins in the onset and progression of sepsis and discuss their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Rahn
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Germany
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14
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Sotiropoulou G, Zingkou E, Pampalakis G. Reconstructing the epidermal proteolytic cascades in health and disease. J Pathol 2022; 257:545-560. [PMID: 35218558 DOI: 10.1002/path.5888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The epidermis is the outer stratified epithelium of the skin, forming the physical barrier that is indispensable for homeostasis. Epidermal proteolysis, mainly but not exclusively executed by kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs), is tightly regulated to ensure maintenance of physiological skin renewal and an intact skin barrier. Perturbation of epidermal proteolytic networks is implicated in a wide array of rare and common skin pathologies of diverse genetic backgrounds. Recent studies of monogenic human skin diseases and newly developed animal models have revealed new mechanisms of regulation of proteolytic pathways in epidermal physiology and in disease states. These new data have challenged some accepted views, for example the role of matriptase in epidermal desquamation, which turned out to be restricted to mouse skin. The significance of PAR2 signaling in skin inflammation should also be reconsidered in the face of recent findings. Cumulatively, recent studies necessitate a sophisticated redefinition of the proteolytic and signaling pathways that operate in human skin. We elaborate how epidermal proteolysis is finely regulated at multiple levels, and in a spatial manner that was not taken into consideration so far, in which specific proteases are confined to distinct epidermal sublayers. Of interest, transglutaminases have emerged as regulators of epidermal proteolysis and desquamation by spatially fixing endogenous protease inhibitors, constituting regulatory factors that were not recognized before. Furthermore, new evidence suggests a link between proteolysis and lipid metabolism. By synthesis of established notions and recent discoveries, we provide an up-to-date critical parathesis of current knowledge and the extended complexity of proteolysis regulation and signaling pathways in skin. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Sotiropoulou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rion-Patras, 265 04, Greece
| | - Eleni Zingkou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rion-Patras, 265 04, Greece
| | - Georgios Pampalakis
- Department of Pharmacology-Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 541 24, Greece
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15
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Gellrich A, Scharfenberg F, Peters F, Sammel M, Helm O, Armbrust F, Schmidt F, Lokau J, Garbers C, Sebens S, Arnold P, Becker-Pauly C. Characterization of the Cancer-Associated Meprin Βeta Variants G45R and G89R. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:702341. [PMID: 34692768 PMCID: PMC8526939 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.702341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Meprin β is a metalloprotease associated with neurodegeneration, inflammation, extracellular matrix homeostasis, transendothelial cell migration, and cancer. In this study, we investigated two melanoma-associated variants of meprin β, both exhibiting a single amino acid exchange, namely, meprin β G45R and G89R. Based on the structural data of meprin β and with regard to the position of the amino acid exchanges, we hypothesized an increase in proteolytic activity in the case of the G45R variant due to the induction of a potential new activation site and a decrease in proteolytic activity from the G89R variant due to structural instability. Indeed, the G89R variant showed, overall, a reduced expression level compared to wild-type meprin β, accompanied by decreased activity and lower cell surface expression but strong accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum. This was further supported by the analysis of the shedding of the interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) by meprin β and its variants. In transfected HEK cells, the G89R variant was found to generate less soluble IL-6R, whereas the expression of meprin β G45R resulted in increased shedding of the IL-6R compared to wild-type meprin β and the G89R variant. A similar tendency of the induced shedding capacity of G45R was seen for the well-described meprin β substrate CD99. Furthermore, employing an assay for cell migration in a collagen IV matrix, we observed that the transfection of wild-type meprin β and the G45R variant resulted in increased migration of HeLa cells, while the G89R variant led to diminished mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Florian Peters
- Department of Ophthalmology, Laboratory for Retinal Cell Biology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Sammel
- Biochemical Institute, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ole Helm
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fred Armbrust
- Biochemical Institute, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Juliane Lokau
- Institute of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Garbers
- Institute of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Sebens
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Philipp Arnold
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, FAU Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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16
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Ectodomain shedding by ADAM proteases as a central regulator in kidney physiology and disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1869:119165. [PMID: 34699872 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Besides its involvement in blood and bone physiology, the kidney's main function is to filter substances and thereby regulate the electrolyte composition of body fluids, acid-base balance and toxin removal. Depending on underlying conditions, the nephron must undergo remodeling and cellular adaptations. The proteolytic removal of cell surface proteins via ectodomain shedding by A Disintegrin and Metalloproteases (ADAMs) is of importance for the regulation of cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion of renal cells. ADAM10 controls glomerular and tubule development in a Notch1 signaling-dependent manner and regulates brush border composition. ADAM17 regulates the renin angiotensin system and is together with ADAM10 involved in calcium phosphate homeostasis. In kidney disease ADAMs, especially ADAM17 contribute to inflammation through their involvement in IL-6 trans-signaling, Notch-, epithelial growth factor receptor-, and tumor necrosis factor α signaling. ADAMs are interesting drug targets to reduce the inflammatory burden, defective cell adhesion and impaired signaling pathways in kidney diseases.
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17
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Armbrust F, Bickenbach K, Marengo L, Pietrzik C, Becker-Pauly C. The Swedish dilemma - the almost exclusive use of APPswe-based mouse models impedes adequate evaluation of alternative β-secretases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1869:119164. [PMID: 34699873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, however incurable so far. It is widely accepted that aggregated amyloid β (Aβ) peptides play a crucial role for the pathogenesis of AD, as they cause neurotoxicity and deposit as so-called Aβ plaques in AD patient brains. Aβ peptides derive from the amyloid precursor protein (APP) upon consecutive cleavage at the β- and γ-secretase site. Hence, mutations in the APP gene are often associated with autosomal dominant inherited AD. Almost thirty years ago, two mutations at the β-secretase site were observed in two Swedish families (termed Swedish APP (APPswe) mutations), which led to early-onset AD. Consequently, APPswe was established in almost every common AD mouse model, as it contributes to early Aβ plaque formation and cognitive impairments. Analyzing these APPswe-based mouse models, the aspartyl protease BACE1 has been evolving as the prominent β-secretase responsible for Aβ release in AD and as the most important therapeutic target for AD treatment. However, with respect to β-secretase processing, the very rare occurring APPswe variant substantially differs from wild-type APP. BACE1 dominates APPswe processing resulting in the release of Aβ1-x, whereas N-terminally truncated Aβ forms are scarcely generated. However, these N-terminally truncated Aβ species such as Aβ2-x, Aβ3-x and Aβ4-x are elevated in AD patient brains and exhibit an increased potential to aggregate compared to Aβ1-x peptides. Proteases such as meprin β, cathepsin B and ADAMTS4 were identified as alternative β-secretases being capable of generating these N-terminally truncated Aβ species from wild-type APP. However, neither meprin β nor cathepsin B are capable of generating N-terminally truncated Aβ peptides from APPswe. Hence, the role of BACE1 for the Aβ formation during AD might be overrepresented through the excessive use of APPswe mouse models. In this review we critically discuss the consideration of BACE1 as the most promising therapeutic target. Shifting the focus of AD research towards alternative β secretases might unveil promising alternatives to BACE1 inhibitors constantly failing in clinical trials due to ineffectiveness and harmful side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Armbrust
- Biochemical Institute, Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kira Bickenbach
- Biochemical Institute, Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Liana Marengo
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Claus Pietrzik
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Christoph Becker-Pauly
- Biochemical Institute, Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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18
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Li W, Lückstädt W, Wöhner B, Bub S, Schulz A, Socher E, Arnold P. Structural and functional properties of meprin β metalloproteinase with regard to cell signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1869:119136. [PMID: 34626678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The metalloproteinase meprin β plays an important role during collagen I deposition in the skin, mucus detachment in the small intestine and also regulates the abundance of different cell surface proteins such as the interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R), the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), the cluster of differentiation 99 (CD99), the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the cluster of differentiation 109 (CD109). With that, regulatory mechanisms that control meprin β activity and regulate its release from the cell surface to enable access to distant substrates are increasingly important. Here, we will summarize factors that alternate meprin β activity and thereby regulate its proteolytic activity on the cell surface or in the supernatant. We will also discuss cleavage of the IL-6R and TREM2 on the cell surface and compare it to CD109. CD109, as a substrate of meprin β, is cleaved within the protein core, thereby releasing defined fragments from the cell surface. At last, we will also summarize the role of proteases in general and meprin β in particular in substrate release on extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Li
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Lückstädt
- Institute of Anatomy, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Kiel, Germany
| | - Birte Wöhner
- Institute of Anatomy, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Kiel, Germany
| | - Simon Bub
- Department of Molecular-Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Antonia Schulz
- Institute of Anatomy, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Kiel, Germany
| | - Eileen Socher
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Arnold
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
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19
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Regulation of meprin metalloproteases in mucosal homeostasis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1869:119158. [PMID: 34626680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mucus is covering the entire epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), building the interface for the symbiosis between microorganisms and their host. Hence, a disrupted mucosal barrier or alterations of proper mucus composition, including the gut microbiota, can cause severe infection and inflammation. Meprin metalloproteases are well-known to cleave various pro-inflammatory molecules, contributing to the onset and progression of pathological conditions including sepsis, pulmonary hypertension or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Moreover, meprins have an impact on migration and infiltration of immune cells like monocytes or leukocytes during intestinal inflammation by cleaving tight junction proteins or cell adhesion molecules, thereby disrupting epithelial cell barrier and promoting transendothelial cell migration. Interestingly, both meprin α and meprin β are susceptibility genes for IBD. However, both genes are significantly downregulated in inflamed intestinal tissue in contrast to healthy donors. Therefore, a detailed understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms is the basis for developing new and effective therapies against manifold pathologies like IBD. This review focuses on the regulation of meprin metalloproteases and its impact on physiological and pathological conditions related to mucosal homeostasis.
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20
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Zaykov V, Chaqour B. The CCN2/CTGF interactome: an approach to understanding the versatility of CCN2/CTGF molecular activities. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:567-580. [PMID: 34613590 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00650-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular communication network 2 (CCN2), also known as connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) regulates diverse cellular processes, some at odds with others, including adhesion, proliferation, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein synthesis. Although a cause-and-effect relationship between CCN2/CTGF expression and local fibrotic reactions has initially been established, CCN2/CTGF manifests cell-, tissue-, and context-specific functions and differentially affects developmental and pathological processes ranging from progenitor cell fate decisions and angiogenesis to inflammation and tumorigenesis. CCN2/CTGF multimodular structure, binding to and activation or inhibition of multiple cell surface receptors, growth factors and ECM proteins, and susceptibility for proteolytic cleavage highlight the complexity to CCN2/CTGF biochemical attributes. CCN2/CTGF expression and dosage in the local environment affects a defined community of its interacting partners, and this results in sequestration of growth factors, interference with or potentiation of ligand-receptor binding, cellular internalization of CCN2/CTGF, inhibition or activation of proteases, and generation of CCN2/CTGF degradome products that add molecular diversity and expand the repertoire of functional modules in the cells and their microenvironment. Through these interactions, different intracellular signals and cellular responses are elicited culminating into physiological or pathological reactions. Thus, the CCN2/CTGF interactome is a defining factor of its tissue- and context-specific effects. Mapping of new CCN2/CTGF binding partners might shed light on yet unknown roles of CCN2/CTGF and provide a solid basis for tissue-specific targeting this molecule or its interacting partners in a therapeutic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Zaykov
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate Health Science University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC 5, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Brahim Chaqour
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate Health Science University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC 5, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate Health Science University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC 5, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.
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21
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Peters F, Rahn S, Mengel M, Scharfenberg F, Otte A, Koudelka T, Wagner EF, Wunderlich FT, Haase M, Naumann R, Tholey A, Becker-Pauly C. Syndecan-1 shedding by meprin β impairs keratinocyte adhesion and differentiation in hyperkeratosis. Matrix Biol 2021; 102:37-69. [PMID: 34508852 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of proteolytic enzymes has huge impact on epidermal homeostasis, which can result in severe pathological conditions such as fibrosis or Netherton syndrome. The metalloprotease meprin β was found to be upregulated in hyperproliferative skin diseases. AP-1 transcription factor complex has been reported to induce Mep1b expression. Since AP-1 and its subunit fos-related antigen 2 (fra-2) are associated with the onset and progression of psoriasis, we wanted to investigate if this could partially be attributed to increased meprin β activity. Here, we demonstrate that fra-2 transgenic mice show increased meprin β expression and proteolytic activity in the epidermis. To avoid influence by other fra-2 regulated genes, we additionally generated a mouse model that enabled tamoxifen-inducible expression of meprin β under the Krt5-promotor to mimic the pathological condition. Interestingly, induced meprin β expression in the epidermis resulted in hyperkeratosis, hair loss and mottled pigmentation of the skin. Employing N-terminomics revealed syndecan-1 as a substrate of meprin β in skin. Shedding of syndecan-1 at the cell surface caused delayed calcium-induced differentiation and impaired adhesion of keratinocytes, which was blocked by the meprin β inhibitor fetuin-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Peters
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel 24118, Germany; Laboratory for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Zurich 8952, Switzerland
| | - Sascha Rahn
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Marion Mengel
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Franka Scharfenberg
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Anna Otte
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Tomas Koudelka
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Erwin F Wagner
- Laboratory Genes and Disease, Department of Dermatology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - F Thomas Wunderlich
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Michael Haase
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty, Dresden University, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Ronald Naumann
- MPI of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Andreas Tholey
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel 24118, Germany
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22
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Kruppa D, Peters F, Bornert O, Maler MD, Martin SF, Becker-Pauly C, Nyström A. Distinct contributions of meprins to skin regeneration after injury - Meprin α a physiological processer of pro-collagen VII. Matrix Biol Plus 2021; 11:100065. [PMID: 34435182 PMCID: PMC8377016 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2021.100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Meprins subtly support epidermal and dermal skin wound healing. Loss of both meprins reduces re-epithelialization and wound macrophage abundance. Meprin α is a physiological maturing proteinase of collagen VII. Meprins are reduced in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa skin.
Astacin-like proteinases (ALPs) are regulators of tissue and extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis. They convey this property through their ability to convert ECM protein pro-forms to functional mature proteins and by regulating the bioavailability of growth factors that stimulate ECM synthesis. The most studied ALPs in this context are the BMP-1/tolloid-like proteinases. The other subclass of ALPs in vertebrates – the meprins, comprised of meprin α and meprin β – are emerging as regulators of tissue and ECM homeostasis but have so far been only limitedly investigated. Here, we functionally assessed the roles of meprins in skin wound healing using mice genetically deficient in one or both meprins. Meprin deficiency did not change the course of macroscopic wound closure. However, subtle but distinct contributions of meprins to the healing process and dermal homeostasis were observed. Loss of both meprins delayed re-epithelialization and reduced macrophage infiltration. Abnormal dermal healing and ECM regeneration was observed in meprin deficient wounds. Our analyses also revealed meprin α as one proteinase responsible for maturation of pro-collagen VII to anchoring fibril-forming-competent collagen VII in vivo. Collectively, our study identifies meprins as subtle players in skin wound healing.
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Key Words
- ALP, astacin-like proteinase
- BSA, bovine serum albumine
- BTP, BMP-1/tolloid-like proteinase
- DAPI, 4′-,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DEJ, dermal epidermal junction
- DMEM, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium
- Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- Extracellular matrix
- FA, formic acid
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- Fibrosis
- Inflammation
- NC, non-collagenous
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- TBS, tris-buffered saline
- WT, wild type
- Wound healing
- qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction
- αSMA, α-smooth muscle actin
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kruppa
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Peters
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Germany.,Laboratory for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Schlieren / Zurich, Schlieren, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Bornert
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mareike D Maler
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan F Martin
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Nyström
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany
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23
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Mintoo M, Chakravarty A, Tilvawala R. N-Terminomics Strategies for Protease Substrates Profiling. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154699. [PMID: 34361849 PMCID: PMC8348681 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteases play a central role in various biochemical pathways catalyzing and regulating key biological events. Proteases catalyze an irreversible post-translational modification called proteolysis by hydrolyzing peptide bonds in proteins. Given the destructive potential of proteolysis, protease activity is tightly regulated. Dysregulation of protease activity has been reported in numerous disease conditions, including cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory conditions, cardiovascular diseases, and viral infections. The proteolytic profile of a cell, tissue, or organ is governed by protease activation, activity, and substrate specificity. Thus, identifying protease substrates and proteolytic events under physiological conditions can provide crucial information about how the change in protease regulation can alter the cellular proteolytic landscape. In recent years, mass spectrometry-based techniques called N-terminomics have become instrumental in identifying protease substrates from complex biological mixtures. N-terminomics employs the labeling and enrichment of native and neo-N-termini peptides, generated upon proteolysis followed by mass spectrometry analysis allowing protease substrate profiling directly from biological samples. In this review, we provide a brief overview of N-terminomics techniques, focusing on their strengths, weaknesses, limitations, and providing specific examples where they were successfully employed to identify protease substrates in vivo and under physiological conditions. In addition, we explore the current trends in the protease field and the potential for future developments.
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24
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Armbrust F, Bickenbach K, Koudelka T, Tholey A, Pietrzik C, Becker-Pauly C. Phosphorylation of meprin β controls its cell surface abundance and subsequently diminishes ectodomain shedding. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21677. [PMID: 34125978 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100271r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Meprin β is a zinc-dependent metalloprotease exhibiting a unique cleavage specificity with strong preference for acidic amino acids at the cleavage site. Proteomic studies revealed a diverse substrate pool of meprin β including the interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) and the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Dysregulation of meprin β is often associated with pathological conditions such as chronic inflammation, fibrosis, or Alzheimer's disease (AD). The extracellular regulation of meprin β including interactors, sheddases, and activators has been intensively investigated while intracellular regulation has been barely addressed in the literature. This study aimed to analyze C-terminal phosphorylation of meprin β with regard to cell surface expression and proteolytic activity. By immunoprecipitation of endogenous meprin β from the colon cancer cell line Colo320 and subsequent LC-MS analysis, we identified several phosphorylation sites in its C-terminal region. Here, T694 in the C-terminus of meprin β was the most preferred residue after phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulation. We further demonstrated the role of protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms for meprin β phosphorylation and identified the involvement of PKC-α and PKC-β. As a result of phosphorylation, the meprin β activity at the cell surface is reduced and, consequently, the extent of substrate cleavage is diminished. Our data indicate that this decrease of the surface activity is caused by the internalization and degradation of meprin β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Armbrust
- Biochemical Institute, Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kira Bickenbach
- Biochemical Institute, Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tomas Koudelka
- Systematic Proteomics & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Tholey
- Systematic Proteomics & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claus Pietrzik
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Becker-Pauly
- Biochemical Institute, Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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25
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García-González L, Paumier JM, Louis L, Pilat D, Bernard A, Stephan D, Jullien N, Checler F, Nivet E, Khrestchatisky M, Baranger K, Rivera S. MT5-MMP controls APP and β-CTF/C99 metabolism through proteolytic-dependent and -independent mechanisms relevant for Alzheimer's disease. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21727. [PMID: 34117802 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100593r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We previously discovered the implication of membrane-type 5-matrix metalloproteinase (MT5-MMP) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Here, we shed new light on pathogenic mechanisms by which MT5-MMP controls the processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the fate of amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) as well as its precursor C99, and C83. We found in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK) carrying the APP Swedish familial mutation (HEKswe) that deleting the C-terminal non-catalytic domains of MT5-MMP hampered its ability to process APP and release the soluble 95 kDa form (sAPP95). Catalytically inactive MT5-MMP variants increased the levels of Aβ and promoted APP/C99 sorting in the endolysosomal system, likely through interactions of the proteinase C-terminal portion with C99. Most interestingly, the deletion of the C-terminal domain of MT5-MMP caused a strong degradation of C99 by the proteasome and prevented Aβ accumulation. These discoveries reveal new control of MT5-MMP over APP by proteolytic and non-proteolytic mechanisms driven by the C-terminal domains of the proteinase. The targeting of these non-catalytic domains of MT5-MMP could, therefore, provide new insights into the therapeutic regulation of APP-related pathology in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laurence Louis
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
| | - Dominika Pilat
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Bernard
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
| | - Delphine Stephan
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Jullien
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
| | | | - Emmanuel Nivet
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
| | | | - Kévin Baranger
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
| | - Santiago Rivera
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
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26
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Chepurnova DA, Samoilova EV, Fesenko АG, Korotaeva АА. Reduced Expression of Extracellular Matrix Proteins in the Heart and Kidneys of Rats with Endotoxemia under the Effect of Actinonin. Bull Exp Biol Med 2021; 170:744-747. [PMID: 33893962 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05146-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We studied modulation of the expression of extracellular matrix proteins under conditions of meprin inhibition in rats with LPS-induced endotoxemia. Endotoxemia increased the expression of type I, III, IV collagens and fibronectin in the renal tissue and type III and IV collagens in the heart. Meprin inhibitor actinonin reduced expression of both meprins and genes of extracellular matrix proteins, but the intensity of this effect in the heart and kidney was different. Inhibition of meprins in endotoxemia can prevent pathological remodeling of the extracellular matrix in the heart and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Chepurnova
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - E V Samoilova
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
| | - А G Fesenko
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - А А Korotaeva
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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27
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Leduc C, Dupont L, Joannes L, Monseur C, Baiwir D, Mazzucchelli G, Deroanne C, Colige A, Bekhouche M. In vivo N-Terminomics Highlights Novel Functions of ADAMTS2 and ADAMTS14 in Skin Collagen Matrix Building. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:643178. [PMID: 33816558 PMCID: PMC8017238 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.643178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type I motif (ADAMTS)2 and ADAMTS14 were originally known for their ability to cleave the aminopropeptides of fibrillar collagens. Previous work using N-terminomic approach (N-TAILS) in vitro led to the identification of new substrates, including some molecules involved in TGF-β signaling. Here, N-TAILS was used to investigate the substrates of these two enzymes in vivo, by comparing the N-terminomes of the skin of wild type mice, mice deficient in ADAMTS2, in ADAMTS14 and in both ADAMTS2 and ADAMTS14. This study identified 68 potential extracellular and cell surface proteins, with the majority of them being cleaved by both enzymes. These analyses comfort their role in collagen matrix organization and suggest their implication in inflammatory processes. Regarding fibrillar collagen, this study demonstrates that both ADAMTS2 and ADAMTS14 are involved in the processing of the aminopropeptide of alpha1 and alpha2 type V collagen. It also revealed the existence of several cleavage sites in the Col1 domain and in the C-propeptide of type I collagens. In addition to collagens and other extracellular proteins, two major components of the cell cytoskeleton, actin and vimentin, were also identified as potential substrates. The latter data were confirmed in vitro using purified enzymes and could potentially indicate other functions for ADAMTS2 and 14. This original investigation of mouse skin degradomes by N-terminomic highlights the essential role of ADAMTS2 and ADAMTS14 in collagen matrix synthesis and turnover, and gives clues to better understand their functions in skin pathophysiology. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD022179.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Leduc
- Laboratory of Connective Tissues Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laura Dupont
- Laboratory of Connective Tissues Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Loïc Joannes
- Laboratory of Connective Tissues Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christine Monseur
- Laboratory of Connective Tissues Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Dominique Baiwir
- GIGA Proteomic Facility, GIGA-Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Gabriel Mazzucchelli
- GIGA Proteomic Facility, GIGA-Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christophe Deroanne
- Laboratory of Connective Tissues Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alain Colige
- Laboratory of Connective Tissues Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Mourad Bekhouche
- Laboratory of Connective Tissues Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/University of Lyon Unité Mixte de Recherche 5305, Lyon, France.,Faculté d'Odontologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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28
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Wang F, Zhao S, Deng D, Wang W, Xu X, Liu X, Zhao S, Yu M. Integrating LCM-Based Spatio-Temporal Transcriptomics Uncovers Conceptus and Endometrial Luminal Epithelium Communication that Coordinates the Conceptus Attachment in Pigs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031248. [PMID: 33513863 PMCID: PMC7866100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Attachment of conceptus to the endometrial luminal epithelium (LE) is a critical event for early placentation in Eutheria. Since the attachment occurs at a particular site within the uterus, a coordinated communication between three spatially distinct compartments (conceptus and endometrial LE from two anatomical regions of the uterus to which conceptus attaches and does not attach) is essential but remains to be fully characterized. Using the laser capture microdissection (LCM) technique, we firstly developed an approach that can allow us to pair the pig conceptus sample with its nearby endometrial epithelium sample without losing the native spatial information. Then, a comprehensive spatio-temporal transcriptomic profile without losing the original conceptus-endometrium coordinates was constructed. The analysis shows that an apparent difference in transcriptional responses to the conceptus exists between the endometrial LE from the two anatomically distinct regions in the uterus. In addition, we identified the communication pathways that link the conceptus and endometrial LE and found that these pathways have important roles in conceptus attachment. Furthermore, a number of genes whose expression is spatially restricted in the two different anatomical regions within the uterus were characterized for the first time and two of them (SULT2A1 and MEP1B) may cooperatively contribute to establish conceptus attachment in pigs. The results from our study have implications in understanding of conceptus/embryo attachment in pigs and other large polytocous species.
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29
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Gindorf M, Storck SE, Ohler A, Scharfenberg F, Becker-Pauly C, Pietrzik CU. Meprin β: A novel regulator of blood-brain barrier integrity. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:31-44. [PMID: 32065075 PMCID: PMC7747169 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20905206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The metalloprotease meprin β (Mep1b) is capable of cleaving cell-adhesion molecules in different tissues (e.g. skin, kidney and intestine) and is dysregulated in several diseases associated with barrier breakdown (Alzheimer´s disease, kidney disruption, inflammatory bowel disease). In this study, we demonstrate that Mep1b is a novel regulator of tight junction (TJ) composition and blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity in brain endothelium. In Mep1b-transfected mouse brain endothelial cells (bEnd.3), we observed a reduction of the TJ protein claudin-5, decreased transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and an elevated permeability to paracellular diffusion marker [14C]-inulin. Analysis of global Mep1b knock-out (Mep1b-/-) mice showed increased TJ protein expression (claudin-5, occludin, ZO-1) in cerebral microvessels and increased TEER in cultivated primary mouse brain endothelial compared to wild-type (wt) mice. Furthermore, we investigated the IgG levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the brain water content as additional permeability markers and detected lower IgG levels and reduced brain water content in Mep1b-/- mice compared to wt mice. Showing opposing features in overexpression and knock-out, we conclude that Mep1b plays a role in regulating brain endothelial TJ-proteins and therefore affecting BBB tightness in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Gindorf
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Steffen E Storck
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anke Ohler
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Franka Scharfenberg
- Institute of Biochemistry, Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Becker-Pauly
- Institute of Biochemistry, Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claus U Pietrzik
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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30
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Magalhães P, Zürbig P, Mischak H, Schleicher E. Urinary fetuin-A peptides as a new marker for impaired kidney function in patients with type 2 diabetes. Clin Kidney J 2020; 14:269-276. [PMID: 33564428 PMCID: PMC7857838 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfaa176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The hepatokine fetuin-A, released by the human liver, promotes pro-inflammatory effects of perivascular fat. The involvement of inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can affect the kidney and contribute to the development of diabetic kidney disease. Therefore we examined the association of urinary fetuin-A protein fragments with renal damage in T2DM patients. Methods Urinary peptides of 1491 individuals using proteome data available from the human urine proteome database were analysed. Prediction of proteases involved in urinary peptide generation was performed using the Proteasix tool. Results We identified 14 different urinary protein fragments that belong to the region of the connecting peptide (amino acid 301–339) of the total fetuin-A protein. Calpains (CAPN1 and CAPN2), matrix metalloproteinase and pepsin A-3 were identified as potential proteases that were partially confirmed by previous in vitro studies. Combined fetuin-A peptides (mean of amplitudes) were significantly increased in T2DM patients with kidney disease and to a lesser extent with cardiovascular risk. Furthermore, fetuin-A peptide levels displayed a significant negative correlation with baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values (r = −0.316, P < 0.0001) and with the slope (%) of eGFR per year (r = −0.096, P = 0.023). A multiple regression model including fetuin-A peptide and albuminuria resulted in a significantly improved correlation with eGFR (r = −0.354, P < 0.0001) compared with albuminuria, indicating an added value of this novel biomarker. Conclusions The urinary proteome analysis demonstrated the association of fetuin-A peptides with impaired kidney function in T2DM patients. Furthermore, fetuin-A peptides displayed early signs of kidney damage before albuminuria appeared and therefore can be used as markers for kidney disease detection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Harald Mischak
- Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Erwin Schleicher
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry/Central Laboratory, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Tübingen; Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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31
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Medoro A, Bartollino S, Mignogna D, Marziliano N, Porcile C, Nizzari M, Florio T, Pagano A, Raimo G, Intrieri M, Russo C. Proteases Upregulation in Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease Brain. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 68:931-938. [PMID: 30814362 DOI: 10.3233/jad-181284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Certain proteases are involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and their erroneous control may contribute to the pathology onset and progression. In this study we evaluated the cerebral expression of eight proteases, involved in both AβPP processing and extracellular matrix remodeling. Among these proteases, ADAM10, ADAMTS1, Cathepsin D, and Meprin β show a significantly higher mRNAs expression in sporadic AD subjects versus controls, while ADAMTS1, Cathepsin D, and Meprin β show an increment also at the protein level. These data indicate that transcriptional events affecting brain proteases are activated in AD patients, suggesting a link between proteolysis and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Medoro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Silvia Bartollino
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Donatella Mignogna
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Nicola Marziliano
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.,Clinical Pathology Laboratory, ASL Taranto, Italy
| | - Carola Porcile
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Mario Nizzari
- Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Tullio Florio
- Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Aldo Pagano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Gennaro Raimo
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Mariano Intrieri
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Claudio Russo
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
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32
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Chen S, Yim JJ, Bogyo M. Synthetic and biological approaches to map substrate specificities of proteases. Biol Chem 2020; 401:165-182. [PMID: 31639098 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteases are regulators of diverse biological pathways including protein catabolism, antigen processing and inflammation, as well as various disease conditions, such as malignant metastasis, viral infection and parasite invasion. The identification of substrates of a given protease is essential to understand its function and this information can also aid in the design of specific inhibitors and active site probes. However, the diversity of putative protein and peptide substrates makes connecting a protease to its downstream substrates technically difficult and time-consuming. To address this challenge in protease research, a range of methods have been developed to identify natural protein substrates as well as map the overall substrate specificity patterns of proteases. In this review, we highlight recent examples of both synthetic and biological methods that are being used to define the substrate specificity of protease so that new protease-specific tools and therapeutic agents can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Chen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joshua J Yim
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matthew Bogyo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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33
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Berner DK, Wessolowski L, Armbrust F, Schneppenheim J, Schlepckow K, Koudelka T, Scharfenberg F, Lucius R, Tholey A, Kleinberger G, Haass C, Arnold P, Becker‐Pauly C. Meprin β cleaves TREM2 and controls its phagocytic activity on macrophages. FASEB J 2020; 34:6675-6687. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902183r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luisa Wessolowski
- Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Biochemical Institute University of Kiel Kiel Germany
| | - Fred Armbrust
- Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Biochemical Institute University of Kiel Kiel Germany
| | | | - Kai Schlepckow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Germany
| | - Tomas Koudelka
- Systematic Proteomics & Bioanalytics Institute for Experimental Medicine University of Kiel Kiel Germany
| | - Franka Scharfenberg
- Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Biochemical Institute University of Kiel Kiel Germany
| | - Ralph Lucius
- Anatomical Institute University of Kiel Kiel Germany
| | - Andreas Tholey
- Systematic Proteomics & Bioanalytics Institute for Experimental Medicine University of Kiel Kiel Germany
| | - Gernot Kleinberger
- Biomedical Center, Biochemistry Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität Munich Munich Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology Munich Germany
| | - Christian Haass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Germany
- Biomedical Center, Biochemistry Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität Munich Munich Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology Munich Germany
| | | | - Christoph Becker‐Pauly
- Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Biochemical Institute University of Kiel Kiel Germany
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34
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Gao R, Liu D, Guo W, Ge W, Fan T, Li B, Gao P, Liu B, Zheng Y, Wang J. Meprin-α (Mep1A) enhances TNF-α secretion by mast cells and aggravates abdominal aortic aneurysms. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:2872-2885. [PMID: 32072633 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Abdominal aorticaneurysm (AAA) rupture is mainly due to elastic lamina degradation. As a metalloendopeptidase, meprin-α (Mep1A) critically modulates the activity of proteins and inflammatory cytokines in various diseases. Here, we sought to investigate the functional role of Mep1A in AAA formation and rupture. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH AAA tissues were detected by using real-time PCR (RT-PCR), western blotting (WB), and immunohistochemistry. Further mechanistic studies used RT-PCR, WB, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. KEY RESULTS Mep1A mediated AAA formation by regulating the mast cell (MC) secretion of TNF-α, which promoted matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression and apoptosis in smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Importantly, increased Mep1A expression was found in human AAA tissues and in angiotensin II-induced mouse AAA tissues. Mep1A deficiency reduced AAA formation and increased the survival rate of AAA mice. Pathological analysis showed that Mep1A deletion decreased elastic lamina degradation and SMC apoptosis in AAA tissues. Furthermore, Mep1A was expressed mainly in MCs, wherein it mediated TNF-α expression. Mep1A inhibitor actinonin significantly inhibited TNF-α secretion in MCs. TNF-α secreted by MCs enhanced MMP2 expression in SMCs and promoted SMC apoptosis. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Taken together, these data suggest that Mep1A may be vital in AAA pathophysiology by regulating TNF-α production by MCs. Knocking out Mep1A significantly decreased AAA diameter and improved AAA stability in mice. Therefore, Mep1A is a potential new therapeutic target in the development of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Duan Liu
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weipeng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tianfei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bolun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Southwest Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital to Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, USA
| | - Yuehong Zheng
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Abstract
A crucial step for tumor cell extravasation and metastasis is the migration through the extracellular matrix, which requires proteolytic activity. Hence, proteases, particularly matrix metalloproteases (MMPs), have been discussed as therapeutic targets and their inhibition should diminish tumor growth and metastasis. The metalloproteases meprin α and meprin β are highly abundant on intestinal enterocytes and their expression was associated with different stages of colorectal cancer. Due to their ability to cleave extracellular matrix (ECM) components, they were suggested as pro-tumorigenic enzymes. Additionally, both meprins were shown to have pro-inflammatory activity by cleaving cytokines and their receptors, which correlates with chronic intestinal inflammation and associated conditions. On the other hand, meprin β was identified as an essential enzyme for the detachment and renewal of the intestinal mucus, important to prevent bacterial overgrowth and infection. Considering this, it is hard to estimate whether high activity of meprins is generally detrimental or if these enzymes have also protective functions in certain cancer types. For instance, for colorectal cancer, patients with high meprin β expression in tumor tissue exhibit a better survival prognosis, which is completely different to prostate cancer. This demonstrates that the very same enzyme may have contrary effects on tumor initiation and growth, depending on its tissue and subcellular localization. Hence, precise knowledge about proteolytic enzymes is required to design the most efficient therapeutic options for cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the current findings on meprins' functions, expression, and cancer-associated variants with possible implications for tumor progression and metastasis.
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36
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Scharfenberg F, Helbig A, Sammel M, Benzel J, Schlomann U, Peters F, Wichert R, Bettendorff M, Schmidt-Arras D, Rose-John S, Moali C, Lichtenthaler SF, Pietrzik CU, Bartsch JW, Tholey A, Becker-Pauly C. Degradome of soluble ADAM10 and ADAM17 metalloproteases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:331-350. [PMID: 31209506 PMCID: PMC11105009 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03184-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs) 10 and 17 can release the extracellular part of a variety of membrane-bound proteins via ectodomain shedding important for many biological functions. So far, substrate identification focused exclusively on membrane-anchored ADAM10 and ADAM17. However, besides known shedding of ADAM10, we identified ADAM8 as a protease capable of releasing the ADAM17 ectodomain. Therefore, we investigated whether the soluble ectodomains of ADAM10/17 (sADAM10/17) exhibit an altered substrate spectrum compared to their membrane-bound counterparts. A mass spectrometry-based N-terminomics approach identified 134 protein cleavage events in total and 45 common substrates for sADAM10/17 within the secretome of murine cardiomyocytes. Analysis of these cleavage sites confirmed previously identified amino acid preferences. Further in vitro studies verified fibronectin, cystatin C, sN-cadherin, PCPE-1 as well as sAPP as direct substrates of sADAM10 and/or sADAM17. Overall, we present the first degradome study for sADAM10/17, thereby introducing a new mode of proteolytic activity within the protease web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franka Scharfenberg
- Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Biochemical Institute, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Andreas Helbig
- Systematic Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Sammel
- Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Biochemical Institute, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Julia Benzel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Schlomann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Florian Peters
- Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Biochemical Institute, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rielana Wichert
- Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Biochemical Institute, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Maximilian Bettendorff
- Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Biochemical Institute, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Catherine Moali
- Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Unit, LBTI, UMR 5305, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, 69367, Lyon, France
| | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Center for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Claus U Pietrzik
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jörg W Bartsch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Tholey
- Systematic Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Becker-Pauly
- Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Biochemical Institute, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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37
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Niedermaier S, Huesgen PF. Positional proteomics for identification of secreted proteoforms released by site-specific processing of membrane proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2019; 1867:140138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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38
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Chen Y, Xu D, Yao J, Wei Z, Li S, Gao X, Cai W, Mao N, Jin F, Li Y, Zhu Y, Li S, Liu H, Yang F, Xu H. Inhibition of miR-155-5p Exerts Anti-Fibrotic Effects in Silicotic Mice by Regulating Meprin α. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 19:350-360. [PMID: 31877411 PMCID: PMC6939030 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Silicosis is a fatal profession-related disease linked to long-term inhalation of silica. The present study aimed to determine whether meprin α, a master regulator of anti-fibrotic peptide N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (Ac-SDKP), is diminished by miR-155-5p in silicotic and control lung macrophages and fibroblasts upon activation. NR8383 macrophages, primary lung fibroblasts, and mouse embryonic fibroblasts were used to evaluate the expression and function of meprin α and miR-155-5p. In vitro meprin α manipulation was performed by recombinant mouse meprin α protein, actinonin (its inhibitor), and small interfering RNA knockdown. Macrophage and fibroblast activation was assessed by western blotting, real-time PCR, matrix deposition, and immunohistochemical staining. The roles of meprin α and miR-155-5p were also investigated in mice exposed to silica. We found that the meprin α level was stably repressed in silicotic rats. In vitro, silica decreased meprin α, and exogenous meprin α reduced activation of macrophages and fibroblasts induced by profibrotic factors. miR-155-5p negatively regulated Mep1a by binding to the 3′ untranslated region. Treatment with anti-miR-155-5p elevated meprin α, ameliorated macrophage and fibroblast activation, and attenuated lung fibrosis in mice induced by silica. The sustained repression of meprin α and beneficial effects of its rescue by inhibition of miR-155-5p during silicosis indicate that miR-155-5p/meprin α are two of the major regulators of silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Chen
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Dingjie Xu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Jingxin Yao
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Zhongqiu Wei
- Basic Medical College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Shifeng Li
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Xuemin Gao
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Wenchen Cai
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Na Mao
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Fuyu Jin
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Yaqian Li
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Shumin Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Heliang Liu
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China; School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China; School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China.
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39
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Menon PK, Koistinen NA, Iverfeldt K, Ström AL. Phosphorylation of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) at Ser-675 promotes APP processing involving meprin β. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:17768-17776. [PMID: 31604820 PMCID: PMC6879340 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by abnormal deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides. Aβ is a cleavage product of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), and aberrant posttranslational modifications of APP can alter APP processing and increase Aβ generation. In the AD brain, seven different residues, including Ser-675 (APP695 numbering) in the APP cytoplasmic domain has been found to be phosphorylated. Here, we show that expression of a phosphomimetic variant of Ser-675 in APP (APP-S675E), in human neuroblastoma SK-N-AS cells, reduces secretion of the soluble APP ectodomain (sAPPα), even though the total plasma membrane level of APP was unchanged compared with APP levels in cells expressing APPwt or APP-S675A. Moreover, the level of an alternative larger C-terminal fragment (CTF) increased in the APP-S675E cells, whereas the CTF form that was most abundant in cells expressing APPwt or APP-S675A decreased in the APP-S675E cells. Upon siRNA-mediated knockdown of the astacin metalloprotease meprin β, the levels of the alternative CTF decreased and the CTF ratio was restored back to APPwt levels. Our findings suggest that APP-Ser-675 phosphorylation alters the balance of APP processing, increasing meprin β-mediated and decreasing α-secretase-mediated processing of APP at the plasma membrane. As meprin β cleavage of APP has been shown to result in formation of highly aggregation-prone, truncated Aβ2-40/42 peptides, enhanced APP processing by this enzyme could contribute to AD pathology. We propose that it would be of interest to clarify in future studies how APP-Ser-675 phosphorylation promotes meprin β-mediated APP cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Kumaran Menon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niina Anneli Koistinen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Iverfeldt
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna-Lena Ström
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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40
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Wichert R, Scharfenberg F, Colmorgen C, Koudelka T, Schwarz J, Wetzel S, Potempa B, Potempa J, Bartsch JW, Sagi I, Tholey A, Saftig P, Rose-John S, Becker-Pauly C. Meprin β induces activities of A disintegrin and metalloproteinases 9, 10, and 17 by specific prodomain cleavage. FASEB J 2019; 33:11925-11940. [PMID: 31381863 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801371r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Meprin β is a membrane-bound metalloprotease involved in extracellular matrix assembly and inflammatory processes in health and disease. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM)10 and ADAM17 are physiologic relevant sheddases of inactive promeprin β, which influences its substrate repertoire and subsequent biologic functions. Proteomic analysis also revealed several ADAMs as putative meprin β substrates. Here, we demonstrate specific N-terminal processing of ADAM9, 10, and 17 by meprin β and identify cleavage sites within their prodomains. Because ADAM prodomains can act as specific inhibitors, we postulate a role for meprin β in the regulation of ADAM activities. Indeed, prodomain cleavage by meprin β caused increased ADAM protease activities, as observed by peptide-based cleavage assays and demonstrated by increased ectodomain shedding activity. Direct interaction of meprin β and ADAM proteases could be shown by immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoprecipitation experiments. As demonstrated by a bacterial activator of meprin β and additional measurement of TNF-α shedding on bone marrow-derived macrophages, meprin β/ADAM protease interactions likely influence inflammatory conditions. Thus, we identified a novel proteolytic pathway of meprin β with ADAM proteases to control protease activities at the cell surface as part of the protease web.-Wichert, R., Scharfenberg, F., Colmorgen, C., Koudelka, T., Schwarz, J., Wetzel, S., Potempa, B., Potempa, J., Bartsch, J. W., Sagi, I., Tholey, A., Saftig, P., Rose-John, S., Becker-Pauly, C. Meprin β induces activities of A disintegrin and metalloproteinases 9, 10, and 17 by specific prodomain cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rielana Wichert
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Tomas Koudelka
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Barbara Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jörg W Bartsch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Irit Sagi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Andreas Tholey
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Paul Saftig
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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41
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Scharfenberg F, Armbrust F, Marengo L, Pietrzik C, Becker-Pauly C. Regulation of the alternative β-secretase meprin β by ADAM-mediated shedding. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3193-3206. [PMID: 31201463 PMCID: PMC11105663 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03179-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the sixth-leading cause of death in industrialized countries. Neurotoxic amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques are one of the pathological hallmarks in AD patient brains. Aβ accumulates in the brain upon sequential, proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β- and γ-secretases. However, so far disease-modifying drugs targeting β- and γ-secretase pathways seeking a decrease in the production of toxic Aβ peptides have failed in clinics. It has been demonstrated that the metalloproteinase meprin β acts as an alternative β-secretase, capable of generating truncated Aβ2-x peptides that have been described to be increased in AD patients. This indicates an important β-site cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE-1)-independent contribution of the metalloprotease meprin β within the amyloidogenic pathway and may lead to novel drug targeting avenues. However, meprin β itself is embedded in a complex regulatory network. Remarkably, the anti-amyloidogenic α-secretase a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 (ADAM10) is a direct competitor for APP at the cell surface, but also a sheddase of inactive pro-meprin β. Overall, we highlight the current cellular, molecular and structural understanding of meprin β as alternative β-secretase within the complex protease web, regulating APP processing in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franka Scharfenberg
- Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Biochemical Institute, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fred Armbrust
- Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Biochemical Institute, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Liana Marengo
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Claus Pietrzik
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Christoph Becker-Pauly
- Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Biochemical Institute, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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42
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Schäffler H, Li W, Helm O, Krüger S, Böger C, Peters F, Röcken C, Sebens S, Lucius R, Becker-Pauly C, Arnold P. The cancer-associated meprin β variant G32R provides an additional activation site and promotes cancer cell invasion. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.220665. [PMID: 31076514 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.220665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular metalloprotease meprin β is expressed as a homodimer and is primarily membrane bound. Meprin β can be released from the cell surface by its known sheddases ADAM10 and ADAM17. Activation of pro-meprin β at the cell surface prevents its shedding, thereby stabilizing its proteolytic activity at the plasma membrane. We show that a single amino acid exchange variant (G32R) of meprin β, identified in endometrium cancer, is more active against a peptide substrate and the IL-6 receptor than wild-type meprin β. We demonstrate that the change to an arginine residue at position 32 represents an additional activation site used by furin-like proteases in the Golgi, which consequently leads to reduced shedding by ADAM17. We investigated this meprin β G32R variant to assess cell proliferation, invasion through a collagen IV matrix and outgrowth from tumor spheroids. We found that increased meprin β G32R activity at the cell surface reduces cell proliferation, but increases cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenjia Li
- Anatomical Institute, Otto-Hahn Platz 8, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ole Helm
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sandra Krüger
- Dept. of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3/14, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christine Böger
- Dept. of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3/14, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Florian Peters
- Biochemical Institute, Otto-Hahn Platz 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Röcken
- Dept. of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3/14, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Susanne Sebens
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ralph Lucius
- Anatomical Institute, Otto-Hahn Platz 8, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Philipp Arnold
- Anatomical Institute, Otto-Hahn Platz 8, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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Yuksel M, Tacal O. Trafficking and proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein and secretases in Alzheimer's disease development: An up-to-date review. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 856:172415. [PMID: 31132354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is predicted to affect 1 in 85 persons worldwide by 2050, results in progressive loss of neuronal functions, leading to impairments in memory and cognitive abilities. As being one of the major neuropathological hallmarks of AD, senile plaques mainly consist of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, which are derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP) via the sequential cleavage by β- and γ-secretases. Although the overproduction and accumulation of Aβ peptides are at the center of AD research, the new discoveries point out to the complexity of the disease development. In this respect, it is crucial to understand the processing and the trafficking of APP, the enzymes involved in its processing, the cleavage products and their therapeutic potentials. This review summarizes the salient features of APP processing focusing on APP, the canonical secretases as well as the novel secretases and the cleavage products with an update of the recent developments. We also discussed the intracellular trafficking of APP and secretases in addition to their potential in AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Yuksel
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ozden Tacal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
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Abstract
The Journal of Biological Chemistry (JBC) has been a major vehicle for disseminating and recording the discovery and characterization of proteolytic enzymes. The pace of discovery in the protease field accelerated during the 1971-2010 period that Dr. Herb Tabor served as the JBC's editor-in-chief. When he began his tenure, the fine structure and kinetics of only a few proteases were known; now thousands of proteases have been characterized, and over 600 genes for proteases have been identified in the human genome. In this review, besides reflecting on Dr. Tabor's invaluable contributions to the JBC and the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB), I endeavor to provide an overview of the extensive history of protease research, highlighting a few discoveries and roles of proteases in vivo In addition, metalloproteinases, particularly meprins of the astacin family, will be discussed with regard to structural characteristics, regulation, mechanisms of action, and roles in health and disease. Proteases and protein degradation play crucial roles in living systems, and I briefly address future directions in this highly diverse and thriving research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith S Bond
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599.
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Karmilin K, Schmitz C, Kuske M, Körschgen H, Olf M, Meyer K, Hildebrand A, Felten M, Fridrich S, Yiallouros I, Becker-Pauly C, Weiskirchen R, Jahnen-Dechent W, Floehr J, Stöcker W. Mammalian plasma fetuin-B is a selective inhibitor of ovastacin and meprin metalloproteinases. Sci Rep 2019; 9:546. [PMID: 30679641 PMCID: PMC6346019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate fetuins are multi-domain plasma-proteins of the cystatin-superfamily. Human fetuin-A is also known as AHSG, α2-Heremans-Schmid-glycoprotein. Gene-knockout in mice identified fetuin-A as essential for calcified-matrix-metabolism and bone-mineralization. Fetuin-B deficient mice, on the other hand, are female infertile due to zona pellucida ‘hardening’ caused by the metalloproteinase ovastacin in unfertilized oocytes. In wildtype mice fetuin-B inhibits the activity of ovastacin thus maintaining oocytes fertilizable. Here we asked, if fetuins affect further proteases as might be expected from their evolutionary relation to single-domain-cystatins, known as proteinase-inhibitors. We show that fetuin-A is not an inhibitor of any tested protease. In stark contrast, the closely related fetuin-B selectively inhibits astacin-metalloproteinases such as meprins and ovastacin, but not astacins of the tolloid-subfamily, nor any other proteinase. The analysis of fetuin-B expressed in various mammalian cell types, insect cells, and truncated fish-fetuin expressed in bacteria, showed that the cystatin-like domains alone are necessary and sufficient for inhibition. This report highlights fetuin-B as a specific antagonist of ovastacin and meprin-metalloproteinases. Control of ovastacin was shown to be indispensable for female fertility. Meprin inhibition, on the other hand, renders fetuin-B a potential key-player in proteolytic networks controlling angiogenesis, immune-defense, extracellular-matrix-assembly and general cell-signaling, with implications for inflammation, fibrosis, neurodegenerative disorders and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Karmilin
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Matrix Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carlo Schmitz
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Biointerface Laboratory, RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Kuske
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Matrix Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hagen Körschgen
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Matrix Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mario Olf
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Matrix Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Meyer
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Matrix Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - André Hildebrand
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Matrix Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Felten
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Matrix Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sven Fridrich
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Matrix Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Irene Yiallouros
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Matrix Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry RWTH, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Willi Jahnen-Dechent
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Biointerface Laboratory, RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Floehr
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Biointerface Laboratory, RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Walter Stöcker
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Matrix Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany.
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Herzog C, Haun RS, Kaushal GP. Role of meprin metalloproteinases in cytokine processing and inflammation. Cytokine 2018; 114:18-25. [PMID: 30580156 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Meprin metalloendopeptidases, comprising α and β isoforms, are widely expressed in mammalian cells and organs including kidney, intestines, lungs, skin, and bladder, and in a variety of immune cells and cancer cells. Meprins proteolytically process many inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, chemokines, and other bioactive proteins and peptides that control the function of immune cells. The knowledge of meprin-mediated processing of inflammatory mediators and other target substrates provides a pathophysiologic link for the involvement of meprins in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory disorders. Meprins are now known to play important roles in inflammatory diseases including acute kidney injury, sepsis, urinary tract infections, bladder inflammation, and inflammatory bowel disease. The proteolysis of epithelial and endothelial barriers including cell junctional proteins by meprins promotes leukocyte influx into areas of tissue damage to result in inflammation. Meprins degrade extracellular matrix proteins; this ability of meprins is implicated in the cell migration of leukocytes and the invasion of tumor cells that express meprins. Proteolytic processing and maturation of procollagens provides evidence that meprins are involved in collagen maturation and deposition in the fibrotic processes involved in the formation of keloids and hypertrophic scars and lung fibrosis. This review highlights recent progress in understanding the role of meprins in inflammatory disorders in both human and mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Herzog
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Randy S Haun
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Gur P Kaushal
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Little Rock, AR, USA; Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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47
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Lichtenthaler SF, Lemberg MK, Fluhrer R. Proteolytic ectodomain shedding of membrane proteins in mammals-hardware, concepts, and recent developments. EMBO J 2018; 37:e99456. [PMID: 29976761 PMCID: PMC6068445 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201899456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteolytic removal of membrane protein ectodomains (ectodomain shedding) is a post-translational modification that controls levels and function of hundreds of membrane proteins. The contributing proteases, referred to as sheddases, act as important molecular switches in processes ranging from signaling to cell adhesion. When deregulated, ectodomain shedding is linked to pathologies such as inflammation and Alzheimer's disease. While proteases of the "a disintegrin and metalloprotease" (ADAM) and "beta-site APP cleaving enzyme" (BACE) families are widely considered as sheddases, in recent years a much broader range of proteases, including intramembrane and soluble proteases, were shown to catalyze similar cleavage reactions. This review demonstrates that shedding is a fundamental process in cell biology and discusses the current understanding of sheddases and their substrates, molecular mechanisms and cellular localizations, as well as physiological functions of protein ectodomain shedding. Moreover, we provide an operational definition of shedding and highlight recent conceptual advances in the field. While new developments in proteomics facilitate substrate discovery, we expect that shedding is not a rare exception, but rather the rule for many membrane proteins, and that many more interesting shedding functions await discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Center for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Marius K Lemberg
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Regina Fluhrer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Biomedizinisches Centrum (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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48
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Breig O, Yates M, Neaud V, Couchy G, Grigoletto A, Lucchesi C, Prox J, Zucman-Rossi J, Becker-Pauly C, Rosenbaum J. Metalloproteinase meprin α regulates migration and invasion of human hepatocarcinoma cells and is a mediator of the oncoprotein Reptin. Oncotarget 2018; 8:7839-7851. [PMID: 27999200 PMCID: PMC5352365 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with a high rate of intra-hepatic invasion that carries a poor prognosis. Meprin alpha (Mep1A) is a secreted metalloproteinase with many substrates relevant to cancer invasion. We found that Mep1A was a target of Reptin, a protein that is oncogenic in HCC. We studied Mep1A regulation by Reptin, its role in HCC, and whether it mediates Reptin oncogenic effects. MepA and Reptin expression was measured in human HCC by qRT-PCR and in cultured cells by PCR, western blot and enzymatic activity measurements. Cell growth was assessed by counting and MTS assay. Cell migration was measured in Boyden chambers and wound healing assays, and cell invasion in Boyden chambers. Silencing Reptin decreased Mep1A expression and activity, without affecting meprin β. Mep1A, but not meprin β, was overexpressed in a series of 242 human HCC (2.04 fold, p < 0.0001), and a high expression correlated with a poor prognosis. Mep1A and Reptin expressions were positively correlated (r = 0.39, p < 0.0001). Silencing Mep1A had little effect on cell proliferation, but decreased cell migration and invasion of HuH7 and Hep3B cells. Conversely, overexpression of Mep1A or addition of recombinant Mep1A increased migration and invasion. Finally, overexpression of Mep1A restored a normal cell migration in cells where Reptin was depleted. Mep1A is overexpressed in most HCC and induces HCC cell migration and invasion. Mep1A expression is regulated by Reptin, and Mep1A mediates Reptin-induced migration. Overall, we suggest that Mep1A may be a useful target in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Breig
- University Bordeaux, INSERM, U1053, BordeAux Research in Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maïlyn Yates
- University Bordeaux, INSERM, U1053, BordeAux Research in Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, Bordeaux, France
| | - Véronique Neaud
- University Bordeaux, INSERM, U1053, BordeAux Research in Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gabrielle Couchy
- Inserm, U1162, Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris 13, Paris, France
| | - Aude Grigoletto
- University Bordeaux, INSERM, U1053, BordeAux Research in Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Johannes Prox
- Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, University of Kiel, Germany
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Inserm, U1162, Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris 13, Paris, France
| | | | - Jean Rosenbaum
- University Bordeaux, INSERM, U1053, BordeAux Research in Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, Bordeaux, France
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49
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Wichert R, Ermund A, Schmidt S, Schweinlin M, Ksiazek M, Arnold P, Knittler K, Wilkens F, Potempa B, Rabe B, Stirnberg M, Lucius R, Bartsch JW, Nikolaus S, Falk-Paulsen M, Rosenstiel P, Metzger M, Rose-John S, Potempa J, Hansson GC, Dempsey PJ, Becker-Pauly C. Mucus Detachment by Host Metalloprotease Meprin β Requires Shedding of Its Inactive Pro-form, which Is Abrogated by the Pathogenic Protease RgpB. Cell Rep 2017; 21:2090-2103. [PMID: 29166602 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The host metalloprotease meprin β is required for mucin 2 (MUC2) cleavage, which drives intestinal mucus detachment and prevents bacterial overgrowth. To gain access to the cleavage site in MUC2, meprin β must be proteolytically shed from epithelial cells. Hence, regulation of meprin β shedding and activation is important for physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Here, we demonstrate that meprin β activation and shedding are mutually exclusive events. Employing ex vivo small intestinal organoid and cell culture experiments, we found that ADAM-mediated shedding is restricted to the inactive pro-form of meprin β and is completely inhibited upon its conversion to the active form at the cell surface. This strict regulation of meprin β activity can be overridden by pathogens, as demonstrated for the bacterial protease Arg-gingipain (RgpB). This secreted cysteine protease potently converts membrane-bound meprin β into its active form, impairing meprin β shedding and its function as a mucus-detaching protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rielana Wichert
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Ermund
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Matthias Schweinlin
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Miroslaw Ksiazek
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Barbara Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Björn Rabe
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Ralph Lucius
- Anatomical Institute, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jörg W Bartsch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Susanna Nikolaus
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Maren Falk-Paulsen
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marco Metzger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB), Translational Center "Regenerative Therapies for Oncology and Musculoskeletal Diseases" - Würzburg Branch, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Jan Potempa
- Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Gunnar C Hansson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter J Dempsey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Medical School, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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50
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Ricard-Blum S, Vallet SD. Fragments generated upon extracellular matrix remodeling: Biological regulators and potential drugs. Matrix Biol 2017; 75-76:170-189. [PMID: 29133183 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by several protease families releases a number of bioactive fragments, which regulate numerous biological processes such as autophagy, angiogenesis, adipogenesis, fibrosis, tumor growth, metastasis and wound healing. We review here the proteases which generate bioactive ECM fragments, their ECM substrates, the major bioactive ECM fragments, together with their biological properties and their receptors. The translation of ECM fragments into drugs is challenging and would take advantage of an integrative approach to optimize the design of pre-clinical and clinical studies. This could be done by building the contextualized interaction network of the ECM fragment repertoire including their parent proteins, remodeling proteinases, and their receptors, and by using mathematical disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE, Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, UMR 5246, F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France.
| | - Sylvain D Vallet
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE, Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, UMR 5246, F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France.
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