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Leek C, Cantu A, Sonti S, Gutierrez MC, Eldredge L, Sajti E, Xu HN, Lingappan K. Role of sex as a biological variable in neonatal alveolar macrophages. Redox Biol 2024; 75:103296. [PMID: 39098263 PMCID: PMC11345582 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The lung macrophages play a crucial role in health and disease. Sexual dimorphism significantly impacts the phenotype and function of tissue-resident macrophages. The primary mechanisms responsible for sexually dimorphic outcomes in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remain unidentified. We tested the hypothesis that biological sex plays a crucial role in the transcriptional state of alveolar macrophages, using neonatal murine hyperoxia-induced lung injury as a relevant model for human BPD. The effects of neonatal hyperoxia exposure (95 % FiO2, PND1-5: saccular stage) on the lung myeloid cells acutely after injury and during normoxic recovery were measured. Alveolar macrophages (AM) from room air- and hyperoxia exposed from male and female neonatal murine lungs were subjected to bulk-RNA Sequencing. AMs are significantly depleted in the hyperoxia-exposed lung acutely after injury, with subsequent recovery in both sexes. The transcriptome of the alveolar macrophages is impacted by neonatal hyperoxia exposure and by sex as a biological variable. Pathways related to DNA damage and interferon-signaling were positively enriched in female AMs. Metabolic pathways related to glucose and carbohydrate metabolism were positively enriched in the male AMs, while oxidative phosphorylation was negatively enriched. These pathways were shared with monocytes and airway macrophages from intubated male and female human premature neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Leek
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Abiud Cantu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Shilpa Sonti
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Manuel Cantu Gutierrez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Laurie Eldredge
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA, USA
| | - Eniko Sajti
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - He N Xu
- Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Krithika Lingappan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA.
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Sen S, Mukhopadhyay D. A Holistic Analysis of Alzheimer's Disease-Associated lncRNA Communities Reveals Enhanced lncRNA-miRNA-RBP Regulatory Triad Formation Within Functionally Segregated Clusters. J Mol Neurosci 2024; 74:77. [PMID: 39143264 PMCID: PMC11324768 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-024-02244-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies on the regulatory networks implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) evince long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as crucial regulatory players, albeit a poor understanding of the mechanism. Analyzing differential gene expression in the RNA-seq data from the post-mortem AD brain hippocampus, we categorized a list of AD-dysregulated lncRNA transcripts into functionally similar communities based on their k-mer profiles. Using machine-learning-based algorithms, their subcellular localizations were mapped. We further explored the functional relevance of each community through AD-dysregulated miRNA, RNA-binding protein (RBP) interactors, and pathway enrichment analyses. Further investigation of the miRNA-lncRNA and RBP-lncRNA networks from each community revealed the top RBPs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs for each cluster. The experimental validation community yielded ELAVL4 and miR-16-5p as the predominant RBP and miRNA, respectively. Five lncRNAs emerged as the top-ranking candidates from the RBP/miRNA-lncRNA networks. Further analyses of these networks revealed the presence of multiple regulatory triads where the RBP-lncRNA interactions could be augmented by the enhanced miRNA-lncRNA interactions. Our results advance the understanding of the mechanism of lncRNA-mediated AD regulation through their interacting partners and demonstrate how these functionally segregated but overlapping regulatory networks can modulate the disease holistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somenath Sen
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, A CI of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, 700 064, India
| | - Debashis Mukhopadhyay
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, A CI of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, 700 064, India.
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Carman BL, Qin S, Predescu DN, Jana M, Cortese R, Aldred MA, Gozal D, Mokhlesi B, Predescu SA. Dysregulation of the Long Noncoding RNA X-Inactive-Specific Transcript Expression in Male Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:1592-1606. [PMID: 38705381 PMCID: PMC11284765 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a sex-biased disease with female sex as a significant risk factor. Increased expression of the long noncoding RNA X-inactive-specific transcript (Xist), as induced by an intersectin-1s protein fragment with proliferative potential (EHITSN), may explain the sexual dimorphism of female pulmonary artery endothelial cells (ECs) and at least in part, the imbalance sex/ratio of PAH. Xist is essential for X-chromosome inactivation and dosage compensation of X-linked genes. Herein, increased Xist expression was detected in a subset of ECs and lung tissue samples of male patients with PAH. The role of different Xist expression levels in ECs of male patients with PAH (ECPAH) was studied in several lines of male ECPAH in conjunction with molecular, biochemical, morphologic, and functional approaches. Male ECPAH showed on average 10.3-fold increase in high Xist versus low Xist, a significant association between Xist levels and their proliferative potential, and a heterogeneous methylation of the Xist/XIST antisense RNA (Tsix) locus. Interestingly, Xist up-regulation in male ECPAH decreased the expression of Krueppel-like factor 2 (Klf2), via EHITSN interaction with enhancer of zeste polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit (EZH2), the catalytic subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2. Moreover, the studies demonstrate that EHITSN-triggered p38/ETS domain-containing protein Elk1/AP-1 transcription factor subunit (c-Fos) signaling is a pathologic mechanism central to ECPAH proliferation and the dynamic crosstalk with cell cycle regulatory proteins cyclin A1/cyclin D2 and Xist-EZH2-Klf2 interaction participate directly and differentially in establishing the proliferative profile of male ECPAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon L Carman
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shanshan Qin
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dan N Predescu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Malabendu Jana
- Department of Neurological Science, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rene Cortese
- Child Health Research Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Micheala A Aldred
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - David Gozal
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Babak Mokhlesi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sanda A Predescu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
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Franco-Enzástiga Ú, Inturi NN, Natarajan K, Mwirigi JM, Mazhar K, Schlachetzki JC, Schumacher M, Price TJ. Epigenomic landscape of the human dorsal root ganglion: sex differences and transcriptional regulation of nociceptive genes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.27.587047. [PMID: 38586055 PMCID: PMC10996669 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.27.587047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Gene expression is influenced by chromatin architecture via controlled access of regulatory factors to DNA. To better understand gene regulation in the human dorsal root ganglion (hDRG) we used bulk and spatial transposase-accessible chromatin technology followed by sequencing (ATAC-seq). Using bulk ATAC-seq, we detected that in females diverse differentially accessible chromatin regions (DARs) mapped to the X chromosome and in males to autosomal genes. EGR1/3 and SP1/4 transcription factor binding motifs were abundant within DARs in females, and JUN, FOS and other AP-1 factors in males. To dissect the open chromatin profile in hDRG neurons, we used spatial ATAC-seq. The neuron cluster showed higher chromatin accessibility in GABAergic, glutamatergic, and interferon-related genes in females, and in Ca2+- signaling-related genes in males. Sex differences in transcription factor binding sites in neuron-proximal barcodes were consistent with the trends observed in bulk ATAC-seq data. We validated that EGR1 expression is biased to female hDRG compared to male. Strikingly, XIST, the long-noncoding RNA responsible for X inactivation, hybridization signal was found to be highly dispersed in the female neuronal but not non-neuronal nuclei suggesting weak X inactivation in female hDRG neurons. Our findings point to baseline epigenomic sex differences in the hDRG that likely underlie divergent transcriptional responses that determine mechanistic sex differences in pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Úrzula Franco-Enzástiga
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Nikhil N. Inturi
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Keerthana Natarajan
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Juliet M. Mwirigi
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Khadija Mazhar
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Johannes C.M. Schlachetzki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651, USA
| | - Mark Schumacher
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care and the UCSF Pain and Addiction Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94143 USA
| | - Theodore J. Price
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
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Rubin JB, Abou-Antoun T, Ippolito JE, Llaci L, Marquez CT, Wong JP, Yang L. Epigenetic developmental mechanisms underlying sex differences in cancer. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e180071. [PMID: 38949020 PMCID: PMC11213507 DOI: 10.1172/jci180071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer risk is modulated by hereditary and somatic mutations, exposures, age, sex, and gender. The mechanisms by which sex and gender work alone and in combination with other cancer risk factors remain underexplored. In general, cancers that occur in both the male and female sexes occur more commonly in XY compared with XX individuals, regardless of genetic ancestry, geographic location, and age. Moreover, XY individuals are less frequently cured of their cancers, highlighting the need for a greater understanding of sex and gender effects in oncology. This will be necessary for optimal laboratory and clinical cancer investigations. To that end, we review the epigenetics of sexual differentiation and its effect on cancer hallmark pathways throughout life. Specifically, we will touch on how sex differences in metabolism, immunity, pluripotency, and tumor suppressor functions are patterned through the epigenetic effects of imprinting, sex chromosome complement, X inactivation, genes escaping X inactivation, sex hormones, and life history.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joseph E. Ippolito
- Department of Radiology
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics
| | - Lorida Llaci
- Deartment of Genetics Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Wang K, Bhattacharya A, Haratake N, Daimon T, Nakashoji A, Ozawa H, Peng B, Li W, Kufe D. XIST and MUC1-C form an auto-regulatory pathway in driving cancer progression. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:330. [PMID: 38740827 PMCID: PMC11091074 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06684-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The long non-coding RNA X-inactive specific transcript (lncRNA XIST) and MUC1 gene are dysregulated in chronic inflammation and cancer; however, there is no known interaction of their functions. The present studies demonstrate that MUC1-C regulates XIST lncRNA levels by suppressing the RBM15/B, WTAP and METTL3/14 components of the m6A methylation complex that associate with XIST A repeats. MUC1-C also suppresses the YTHDF2-CNOT1 deadenylase complex that recognizes m6A sites and contributes to XIST decay with increases in XIST stability and expression. In support of an auto-regulatory pathway, we show that XIST regulates MUC1-C expression by promoting NF-κB-mediated activation of the MUC1 gene. Of significance, MUC1-C and XIST regulate common genes associated with inflammation and stemness, including (i) miR-21 which is upregulated across pan-cancers, and (ii) TDP-43 which associates with the XIST E repeats. Our results further demonstrate that the MUC1-C/XIST pathway (i) is regulated by TDP-43, (ii) drives stemness-associated genes, and (iii) is necessary for self-renewal capacity. These findings indicate that the MUC1-C/XIST auto-regulatory axis is of importance in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyi Wang
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Naoki Haratake
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tatsuaki Daimon
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ayako Nakashoji
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hiroki Ozawa
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Donald Kufe
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Pehlivanoglu B, Aysal A, Agalar C, Egeli T, Ozbilgin M, Unek T, Unek IT, Oztop I, Aktas S, Sagol O. lncRNA XIST Interacts with Regulatory T Cells within the Tumor Microenvironment in Chronic Hepatitis B-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Turk Patoloji Derg 2024; 40:101-108. [PMID: 38265097 PMCID: PMC11131571 DOI: 10.5146/tjpath.2023.13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alterations in the expression of several long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown in chronic hepatitis B-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (CHB-HCC). Here, we aimed to investigate the association between the expression of inflammation-associated lncRNA X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) and the type of inflammatory cells within the tumor microenvironment. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-one consecutive cirrhotic patients with CHB-HCC were included. XIST expression levels were investigated on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumoral and peritumoral tissue samples by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Immunohistochemical staining for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD25, CD163, CTLA4, and PD-1 were performed. The findings were statistically analyzed. RESULTS Of the 21 cases, 11 (52.4%) had tumoral and 10 (47.6%) had peritumoral XIST expression. No significant association was found between the degree of inflammation and XIST expression. The number of intratumoral CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD20 positive cells was higher in XIST-expressing tumors, albeit without statistical significance. Tumoral and peritumoral XIST expression tended to be more common in patients with tumoral and peritumoral CD4high inflammation. The number of intratumoral CD25 positive cells was significantly higher in XIST-expressing tumors (p=0.01). Tumoral XIST expression was significantly more common in intratumoral CD25high cases (p=0.04). Peritumoral XIST expression was also more common among patients with CD25high peritumoral inflammation, albeit without statistical significance (p=0.19). CONCLUSION lncRNA XIST is expressed in CHB-HCC and its expression is significantly associated with the inflammatory tumor microenvironment, particularly with the presence and number of CD25 (+) regulatory T cells. In vitro studies are needed to explore the detailed mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcin Pehlivanoglu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of General Surgery, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Anil Aysal
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of General Surgery, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cihan Agalar
- Department of General Surgery, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tufan Egeli
- Department of General Surgery, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mucahit Ozbilgin
- Department of General Surgery, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tarkan Unek
- Department of General Surgery, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ilkay Tugba Unek
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ilhan Oztop
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Safiye Aktas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Basic Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Institute of Oncology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozgul Sagol
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
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Cantu A, Gutierrez MC, Dong X, Leek C, Anguera M, Lingappan K. Modulation of recovery from neonatal hyperoxic lung injury by sex as a biological variable. Redox Biol 2023; 68:102933. [PMID: 38661305 PMCID: PMC10628633 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Recovery from lung injury during the neonatal period requires the orchestration of many biological pathways. The modulation of such pathways can drive the developing lung towards proper repair or persistent maldevelopment that can lead to a disease phenotype. Sex as a biological variable can regulate these pathways differently in the male and female lung exposed to neonatal hyperoxia. In this study, we assessed the contribution of cellular diversity in the male and female neonatal lung following injury. Our objective was to investigate sex and cell-type specific transcriptional changes that drive repair or persistent injury in the neonatal lung and delineate the alterations in the immune-endothelial cell communication networks using single cell RNA sequencing (sc-RNAseq) in a murine model of hyperoxic injury. We generated transcriptional profiles of >55,000 cells isolated from the lungs of postnatal day 1 (PND 1; pre-exposure), PND 7, and PND 21neonatal male and female C57BL/6 mice exposed to 95 % FiO2 between PND 1-5 (saccular stage of lung development). We show the presence of sex-based differences in the transcriptional states of lung endothelial and immune cells at PND 1 and PND 21. Furthermore, we demonstrate that biological sex significantly influences the response to injury, with a greater number of differentially expressed genes showing sex-specific patterns than those shared between male and female lungs. Pseudotime trajectory analysis highlighted genes needed for lung development that were altered by hyperoxia. Finally, we show intercellular communication between endothelial and immune cells at saccular and alveolar stages of lung development with sex-based biases in the crosstalk and identify novel ligand-receptor pairs. Our findings provide valuable insights into the cell diversity, transcriptional state, developmental trajectory, and cell-cell communication underlying neonatal lung injury, with implications for understanding lung development and possible therapeutic interventions while highlighting the crucial role of sex as a biological variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiud Cantu
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Xiaoyu Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Connor Leek
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Montserrat Anguera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Krithika Lingappan
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Abd-Elmawla MA, Elsabagh YA, Aborehab NM. Association of XIST/miRNA155/Gab2/TAK1 cascade with the pathogenesis of anti-phospholipid syndrome and its effect on cell adhesion molecules and inflammatory mediators. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18790. [PMID: 37914735 PMCID: PMC10620142 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45214-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by thrombosis and miscarriage events. Still, the molecular mechanisms underlying APS, which predisposes to a wide spectrum of complications, are being explored. Seventy patients with primary and secondary APS were recruited, in addition to 35 healthy subjects. Among APS groups, the gene expression levels of XIST, Gab2, and TAK1 were higher along with declined miRNA155 level compared with controls. Moreover, the sera levels of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, IL-1ꞵ, and TNF-α were highly elevated among APS groups either primary or secondary compared with controls. The lncRNA XIST was directly correlated with Gab2, TAK1, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, IL-1ꞵ, and TNF-α. The miRNA155 was inversely correlated with XIST, Gab2, and TAK1. Moreover, ROC curve analyses subscribed the predictive power of the lncRNA XIST and miRNA155, to differentiate between primary and secondary APS from control subjects. The lncRNA XIST and miRNA155 are the upstream regulators of the Gab2/TAK1 axis among APS patients via influencing the levels of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, IL1ꞵ, and TNF-α which propagates further inflammatory and immunological streams. Interestingly, the study addressed that XIST and miRNA155 may be responsible for the thrombotic and miscarriage events associated with APS and provides new noninvasive molecular biomarkers for diagnosing the disease and tracking its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai A Abd-Elmawla
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Yumn A Elsabagh
- Internal Medicine Department (Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nora M Aborehab
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, 12451, Egypt.
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Yang M, Su Y, Zheng H, Xu K, Yuan Q, Cai Y, Aihaiti Y, Xu P. Identification of the potential regulatory interactions in rheumatoid arthritis through a comprehensive analysis of lncRNA-related ceRNA networks. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:799. [PMID: 37814309 PMCID: PMC10561475 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06936-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed at constructing a network of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) in the synovial tissues of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It seeks to discern potential biomarkers and explore the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)-microRNA (miRNA)-messenger RNA (mRNA) axes that are intricately linked to the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning RA, and providing a scientific basis for the pathogenesis and treatment of RA. METHODS Microarray data pertaining to RA synovial tissue, GSE103578, GSE128813, and GSE83147, were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database ( http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo ). Conducted to discern both differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELncRNAs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A ceRNA network was obtained through key lncRNAs, key miRNAs, and key genes. Further investigations involved co-expression analyses to uncover the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA axes contributing to the pathogenesis of RA. To delineate the immune-relevant facets of this axis, we conducted an assessment of key genes, emphasizing those with the most substantial immunological correlations, employing the GeneCards database. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was executed on the identified key lncRNAs to elucidate their functional implications in RA. RESULTS The 2 key lncRNAs, 7 key miRNAs and 6 key genes related to the pathogenesis of RA were obtained, as well as 2 key lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA axes (KRTAP5-AS1-hsa-miR-30b-5p-PNN, XIST-hsa-miR-511-3p/hsa-miR-1277-5p-F2RL1). GSEA of two key lncRNAs obtained biological processes and signaling pathways related to RA synovial lesions. CONCLUSION The findings of this investigation hold promise in furnishing a foundational framework and guiding future research endeavors aimed at comprehending the etiology and therapeutic interventions for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyi Yang
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Yani Su
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Haishi Zheng
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Qiling Yuan
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Yongsong Cai
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Yirixiati Aihaiti
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China.
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11
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Cantu A, Gutierrez MC, Dong X, Leek C, Anguera M, Lingappan K. Modulation of Recovery from Neonatal Hyperoxic Lung Injury by Sex as a Biological Variable. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.09.552532. [PMID: 37609288 PMCID: PMC10441379 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.09.552532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Recovery from lung injury during the neonatal period requires the orchestration of many biological pathways. The modulation of such pathways can drive the developing lung towards proper repair or persistent maldevelopment that can lead to a disease phenotype. Sex as a biological variable can regulate these pathways differently in the male and female lung exposed to neonatal hyperoxia. In this study, we assessed the contribution of cellular diversity in the male and female neonatal lung following injury. Our objective was to investigate sex and cell-type specific transcriptional changes that drive repair or persistent injury in the neonatal lung and delineate the alterations in the immune-endothelial cell communication networks using single cell RNA sequencing (sc-RNAseq) in a murine model of hyperoxic injury. We generated transcriptional profiles of >55,000 cells isolated from the lungs of postnatal day 1 (PND 1) and postnatal day 21 (PND 21) neonatal male and female C57BL/6 mice exposed to 95% FiO 2 between PND 1-5 (saccular stage of lung development). We show the presence of sex-based differences in the transcriptional states of lung endothelial and immune cells at PND 1 and PND 21. Furthermore, we demonstrate that biological sex significantly influences the response to injury, with a greater number of differentially expressed genes showing sex-specific patterns than those shared between male and female lungs. Pseudotime trajectory analysis highlighted genes needed for lung development that were altered by hyperoxia. Finally, we show intercellular communication between endothelial and immune cells at saccular and alveolar stages of lung development with sex-based biases in the crosstalk and identify novel ligand-receptor pairs. Our findings provide valuable insights into the cell diversity, transcriptional state, developmental trajectory, and cell-cell communication underlying neonatal lung injury, with implications for understanding lung development and possible therapeutic interventions while highlighting the crucial role of sex as a biological variable.
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Li J, Ruggiero-Ruff RE, He Y, Qiu X, Lainez N, Villa P, Godzik A, Coss D, Nair MG. Sexual dimorphism in obesity is governed by RELMα regulation of adipose macrophages and eosinophils. eLife 2023; 12:e86001. [PMID: 37162190 PMCID: PMC10171862 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity incidence is increasing worldwide with the urgent need to identify new therapeutics. Sex differences in immune cell activation drive obesity-mediated pathologies where males are more susceptible to obesity comorbidities and exacerbated inflammation. Here, we demonstrate that the macrophage-secreted protein RELMα critically protects females against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Compared to male mice, serum RELMα levels were higher in both control and HFD-fed females and correlated with frequency of adipose macrophages and eosinophils. RELMα-deficient females gained more weight and had proinflammatory macrophage accumulation and eosinophil loss in the adipose stromal vascular fraction (SVF), while RELMα treatment or eosinophil transfer rescued this phenotype. Single-cell RNA-sequencing of the adipose SVF was performed and identified sex and RELMα-dependent changes. Genes involved in oxygen sensing and iron homeostasis, including hemoglobin and lncRNA Gm47283/Gm21887, correlated with increased obesity, while eosinophil chemotaxis and response to amyloid-beta were protective. Monocyte-to-macrophage transition was also dysregulated in RELMα-deficient animals. Collectively, these studies implicate a RELMα-macrophage-eosinophil axis in sex-specific protection against obesity and uncover new therapeutic targets for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Li
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California RiversideRiversideUnited States
| | - Rebecca E Ruggiero-Ruff
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California RiversideRiversideUnited States
| | - Yuxin He
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California RiversideRiversideUnited States
| | - Xinru Qiu
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California RiversideRiversideUnited States
| | - Nancy Lainez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California RiversideRiversideUnited States
| | - Pedro Villa
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California RiversideRiversideUnited States
| | - Adam Godzik
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California RiversideRiversideUnited States
| | - Djurdjica Coss
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California RiversideRiversideUnited States
| | - Meera G Nair
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California RiversideRiversideUnited States
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13
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Yu CH, Hsieh PL, Chao SC, Chen SH, Liao YW, Yu CC. XIST/let-7i/HMGA1 axis maintains myofibroblasts activities in oral submucous fibrosis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123400. [PMID: 36702230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA XIST promotes the development of various types of head and neck cancers, but its role in the progression of precancerous oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) has not been determined yet. As such, we aimed to examine whether XIST implicates in the regulation of myofibroblast activation. Our results showed that the expression of XIST was upregulated in OSF tissues and fibrotic buccal mucosal fibroblasts (fBMFs), and the silencing of XIST downregulated several myofibroblasts features. We demonstrated that elevation of let-7i after inhibition of XIST may lead to reduced myofibroblast activation. On the contrary, overexpression of high mobility group AT-Hook 1 (HMGA1) following the suppression of let-7i may result in enhanced myofibroblast activities. Moreover, we showed that the suppressive effect of silencing of XIST on myofibroblasts hallmarks was reversed by let-7i inhibition or HMGA1 overexpression, suggesting the pro-fibrotic property of XIST was mediated by downregulation of let-7i and upregulation of HMGA1. These findings revealed that myofibroblast activation of fBMFs may attribute to the alteration of the XIST/let-7i/HMGA1 axis. Therapeutic approaches to target this axis may serve as a promising direction to ameliorate the malignant progression of OSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Hang Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chi Chao
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.; Department of Medical Research and Education, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan 265, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Han Chen
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Liao
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan..
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14
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Lu S, Lu P. Comprehensive LncRNA and Potential Molecular Mechanism Analysis in Noninfectious Uveitis. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:2. [PMID: 36857067 PMCID: PMC9987169 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is noncoding RNA and have played a key role or be treated as a biomarker in a variety of diseases such as tumors. However, extensive lncRNA analysis for uveitis has not been explored completely. In this study, we analyzed the lncRNAs with altered expression in peripheral blood comprehensively for three major autoimmune diseases (ankylosing spondylitis [AS], Behҫet's disease [BD], and sarcoidosis) to search potential hub gene and molecular mechanism for noninfectious uveitis. Methods In total, we included 18 patients with AS and 12 patients with sarcoidosis versus 25 controls for GSE18781; we also included 15 patients with BD versus 14 controls for GSE17114 in this study. The lncRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels were determined by microarray using serum samples from patients and healthy controls. Results Twenty-one lncRNAs and 1073 mRNAs were detected in patients with AS, 4 lncRNAs and 62 mRNAs in patients with BD, and 196 lncRNAs and 5376 mRNAs in patients with sarcoidosis. Thus, we suspected lncRNA XIST and MIAT, mRNA FCGBP, CD247, CTSW, AES, NCR3, TIGIT, CASP5, DUSP2, and TBX21 may be the most possible hub genes for AS, BD, and sarcoidosis. These RNAs were involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and inflammatory cytokine pathways. Conclusions In this study, comprehensive bioinformatics analysis identified lncRNAs with altered expression in three major autoimmune diseases that may combine with noninfectious uveitis. This study provides novel insights into the molecular pathogenetic mechanisms and key information toward developing new diagnostic biomarkers and special therapeutic targets for noninfectious uveitis in AS, BD, and sarcoidosis. Translational Relevance LncRNAs and their potential mechanisms provide new strategies for prevention and treatment for noninfectious uveitis in patients with AS, BD, and sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiheng Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Peirong Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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15
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Li J, Ruggiero-Ruff RE, He Y, Qiu X, Lainez NM, Villa PA, Godzik A, Coss D, Nair MG. Sexual dimorphism in obesity is governed by RELMα regulation of adipose macrophages and eosinophils. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.13.523880. [PMID: 36711654 PMCID: PMC9882128 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.13.523880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Obesity incidence is increasing worldwide with the urgent need to identify new therapeutics. Sex differences in immune cell activation drive obesity-mediated pathologies where males are more susceptible to obesity co-morbidities and exacerbated inflammation. Here, we demonstrate that the macrophage-secreted protein RELMα critically protects females against high fat diet-induced obesity. Compared to male mice, RELMα levels were elevated in both control and high fat dietfed females and correlated with adipose macrophages and eosinophils. RELMα-deficient females gained more weight and had pro-inflammatory macrophage accumulation and eosinophil loss, while both RELMα treatment and eosinophil transfer rescued this phenotype. Single cell RNA-sequencing of the adipose stromal vascular fraction was performed and identified sex and RELMα-dependent changes. Genes involved in oxygen sensing and iron homeostasis, including hemoglobin and lncRNA Gm47283, correlated with increased obesity, while eosinophil chemotaxis and response to amyloid-beta were protective. Monocyte-to-macrophage transition was also dysregulated in RELMα-deficient animals. Collectively, these studies implicate a RELMα-macrophage-eosinophil axis in sex-specific protection against obesity and uncover new therapeutic targets for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Li
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca E Ruggiero-Ruff
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Yuxin He
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Xinru Qiu
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Nancy M Lainez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Pedro A Villa
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Adam Godzik
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Djurdjica Coss
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Meera G Nair
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
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16
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Gal-Oz ST, Shay T. Genetics of Sex Differences in Immunity. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2023; 441:1-19. [PMID: 37695423 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-35139-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Women have a stronger immune response and a higher frequency of most autoimmune diseases than men. While much of the difference between men and women is due to the effect of gonadal hormones, genetic differences play a major role in the difference between the immune response and disease frequencies in women and men. Here, we focus on the immune differences between the sexes that are not downstream of the gonadal hormones. These differences include the gene content of the sex chromosomes, the inactivation of chromosome X in women, the consequences of non-random X inactivation and escape from inactivation, and the states that are uniquely met by the immune system of women-pregnancy, birth, and breast feeding. While these female-specific states are temporary and involve gonadal hormonal changes, they may leave a long-lasting footprint on the health of women, for example, by fetal cells that remain in the mother's body for decades. We also briefly discuss the immune phenotype of congenital sex chromosomal aberrations and experimental models that enable hormonal and the non-hormonal effects of the sex chromosomes to be disentangled. The increasing human life expectancy lengthens the period during which gonadal hormones levels are reduced in both sexes. A better understanding of the non-hormonal effects of sex chromosomes thus becomes more important for improving the life quality during that period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani T Gal-Oz
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tal Shay
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel.
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17
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Becker J, Sun B, Alammari F, Haerty W, Vance KW, Szele FG. What has single-cell transcriptomics taught us about long non-coding RNAs in the ventricular-subventricular zone? Stem Cell Reports 2022; 18:354-376. [PMID: 36525965 PMCID: PMC9860170 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) function is mediated by the process of transcription or through transcript-dependent associations with proteins or nucleic acids to control gene regulatory networks. Many lncRNAs are transcribed in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ), a postnatal neural stem cell niche. lncRNAs in the V-SVZ are implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders, cancer, and brain disease, but their functions are poorly understood. V-SVZ neurogenesis capacity declines with age due to stem cell depletion and resistance to neural stem cell activation. Here we analyzed V-SVZ transcriptomics by pooling current single-cell RNA-seq data. They showed consistent lncRNA expression during stem cell activation, lineage progression, and aging. In conjunction with epigenetic and genetic data, we predicted V-SVZ lncRNAs that regulate stem cell activation and differentiation. Some of the lncRNAs validate known epigenetic mechanisms, but most remain uninvestigated. Our analysis points to several lncRNAs that likely participate in key aspects of V-SVZ stem cell activation and neurogenesis in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemima Becker
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Farah Alammari
- Department of Blood and Cancer Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Keith W. Vance
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Francis George Szele
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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18
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Shubayev VI, Dolkas J, Catroli GF, Chernov AV. A human coronavirus OC43-derived polypeptide causes neuropathic pain. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54069. [PMID: 35466531 PMCID: PMC9115284 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202154069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human coronaviruses have been recently implicated in neurological sequelae by insufficiently understood mechanisms. We here identify an amino acid sequence within the HCoV-OC43 p65-like protein homologous to the evolutionarily conserved motif of myelin basic protein (MBP). Because MBP-derived peptide exposure in the sciatic nerve produces pronociceptive activity in female rodents, we examined whether a synthetic peptide derived from the homologous region of HCoV-OC43 (OC43p) acts by molecular mimicry to promote neuropathic pain. OC43p, but not scrambled peptides, induces mechanical hypersensitivity in rats following intrasciatic injections. Transcriptome analyses of the corresponding spinal cords reveal upregulation of genes and signaling pathways with known nociception-, immune-, and cellular energy-related activities. Affinity capture shows the association of OC43p with an Na+ /K+ -transporting ATPase, providing a potential direct target and mechanistic insight into virus-induced effects on energy homeostasis and the sensory neuraxis. We propose that HCoV-OC43 polypeptides released during infection dysregulate normal nervous system functions through molecular mimicry of MBP, leading to mechanical hypersensitivity. Our findings might provide a new paradigm for virus-induced neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica I Shubayev
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- VA San Diego Healthcare SystemLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Jennifer Dolkas
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- VA San Diego Healthcare SystemLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Glaucilene Ferreira Catroli
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- VA San Diego Healthcare SystemLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Andrei V Chernov
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- VA San Diego Healthcare SystemLa JollaCAUSA
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19
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She C, Yang Y, Zang B, Yao Y, Liu Q, Leung PSC, Liu B. Effect of LncRNA XIST on Immune Cells of Primary Biliary Cholangitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:816433. [PMID: 35309298 PMCID: PMC8931309 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.816433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an autoimmune disease with significant gender difference. X chromosome inactivation (XCI) plays important roles in susceptibility to diseases between genders. This work focuses on the differences of LncRNA XIST in several defined immune cells populations as well as its effects on naive CD4+ T cells proliferation and differentiation in patients with PBC. Methods NKs, B cells, CD4+ T, and CD8+ T cells were separated by MicroBeads from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of PBC patients and healthy control (HC). The expression levels of LncRNA XIST in these immune cells were quantified by qRT-PCR and their subcellular localized analyzed by FISH. Lentivirus were used to interfere the expression of LncRNA XIST, and CCK8 was used to detect the proliferation of naive CD4+ T cells in PBC patients. Finally, naive CD4+ T cells were co-cultured with the bile duct epithelial cells (BECs), and the effects of LncRNA XIST on the typing of naive CD4+ T cells and related cytokines were determined by qRT-PCR and ELISA. Results The expression levels of LncRNA XIST in NKs and CD4+ T cells in PBC patients were significantly higher than those in HC, and were primarily located at the nucleus. LncRNA XIST could promote the proliferation of naive CD4+ T cells. When naive CD4+ T cells were co-cultured with BECs, the expressions of IFN-γ, IL-17, T-bet and RORγt in naive CD4+ T cells were decreased. Conclusion LncRNA XIST was associated with lymphocyte abnormalities in patients with PBC. The high expression of LncRNA XIST could stimulate proliferation and differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells, which might account for the high occurrence of PBC in female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui She
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yifei Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bo Zang
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qixuan Liu
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health (SPH) Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Patrick S. C. Leung
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Liu,
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20
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Bohnacker S, Hartung F, Henkel F, Quaranta A, Kolmert J, Priller A, Ud-Dean M, Giglberger J, Kugler LM, Pechtold L, Yazici S, Lechner A, Erber J, Protzer U, Lingor P, Knolle P, Chaker AM, Schmidt-Weber CB, Wheelock CE, Esser-von Bieren J. Mild COVID-19 imprints a long-term inflammatory eicosanoid- and chemokine memory in monocyte-derived macrophages. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:515-524. [PMID: 35288643 PMCID: PMC9038526 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00482-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) drive the inflammatory response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and they are a major source of eicosanoids in airway inflammation. Here we report that MDM from SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals with mild disease show an inflammatory transcriptional and metabolic imprint that lasts for at least 5 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. MDM from convalescent SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals showed a downregulation of pro-resolving factors and an increased production of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids, particularly 5-lipoxygenase-derived leukotrienes. Leukotriene synthesis was further enhanced by glucocorticoids and remained elevated at 3–5 months, but had returned to baseline at 12 months post SARS-CoV-2 infection. Stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein or LPS triggered exaggerated prostanoid-, type I IFN-, and chemokine responses in post COVID-19 MDM. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 infection leaves an inflammatory imprint in the monocyte/ macrophage compartment that drives aberrant macrophage effector functions and eicosanoid metabolism, resulting in long-term immune aberrations in patients recovering from mild COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Bohnacker
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Hartung
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Fiona Henkel
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Alessandro Quaranta
- Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Kolmert
- Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alina Priller
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Minhaz Ud-Dean
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johanna Giglberger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Luisa M Kugler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Pechtold
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Yazici
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Antonie Lechner
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Erber
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine and Helmholtz Zentrum München, 81675, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich partner site, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Lingor
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Percy Knolle
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, 81675, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich partner site, Munich, Germany
| | - Adam M Chaker
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten B Schmidt-Weber
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
- German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich partner site, Munich, Germany
| | - Craig E Wheelock
- Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, 141-86, Stockholm, Sweden
- Gunma Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Julia Esser-von Bieren
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany.
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21
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Abstract
Despite numerous studies of immune sexual dimorphism, sexual differences are not rigorously mapped and dimorphic mechanisms are incompletely understood. Current immune research typically studies sex differences in specific cells, tissues, or diseases but without providing an integrated picture. To connect the dots, we suggest comprehensive research approaches to better our understanding of immune sexual dimorphism and its mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Talia Gal-Oz
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Tal Shay
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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XIST Inhibition Attenuates Calcium Oxalate Nephrocalcinosis-Induced Renal Inflammation and Oxidative Injury via the miR-223/NLRP3 Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:1676152. [PMID: 34512861 PMCID: PMC8429007 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1676152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The roles of the lncRNA X inactive specific transcript (XIST) in many diseases, including cancers and inflammatory sickness, have been previously elucidated. However, renal calculus remained poorly understood. In this study, we revealed the potential effects of XIST on kidney stones that were exerted via inflammatory response and oxidative stress mechanisms. We established a glyoxylate-induced calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone mouse model and exposed HK-2 cells to calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM). The interactions among XIST, miR-223-3p, and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and their respective effects were determined by RNAs and protein expression, luciferase activity, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays. Cell necrosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and inflammatory responses were detected after silencing XIST, activating and inhibiting miR-223-3p, and both knocking down XIST and activating miR-223-3p in vitro and in vivo. The XIST, NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β levels were notably increased in kidney samples from glyoxylate-induced CaOx stone model mice. XIST knockdown significantly suppressed the inflammatory damage and ROS production and further attenuated oxalate crystal deposition. miRNA-223-3p mimics also exerted the same effects. Moreover, we verified the interactions among XIST, miRNA-223-3p and NLRP3, and the subsequent effects. Our results suggest that the lncRNA XIST participates in the formation and progression of renal calculus by interacting with miR-223-3p and the NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β pathway to mediate the inflammatory response and ROS production.
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Wang W, Min L, Qiu X, Wu X, Liu C, Ma J, Zhang D, Zhu L. Biological Function of Long Non-coding RNA (LncRNA) Xist. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:645647. [PMID: 34178980 PMCID: PMC8222981 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.645647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate gene expression in a variety of ways at epigenetic, chromatin remodeling, transcriptional, and translational levels. Accumulating evidence suggests that lncRNA X-inactive specific transcript (lncRNA Xist) serves as an important regulator of cell growth and development. Despites its original roles in X-chromosome dosage compensation, lncRNA Xist also participates in the development of tumor and other human diseases by functioning as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA). In this review, we comprehensively summarized recent progress in understanding the cellular functions of lncRNA Xist in mammalian cells and discussed current knowledge regarding the ceRNA network of lncRNA Xist in various diseases. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts that are more than 200 nt in length and without an apparent protein-coding capacity (Furlan and Rougeulle, 2016; Maduro et al., 2016). These RNAs are believed to be transcribed by the approximately 98-99% non-coding regions of the human genome (Derrien et al., 2012; Fu, 2014; Montalbano et al., 2017; Slack and Chinnaiyan, 2019), as well as a large variety of genomic regions, such as exonic, tronic, and intergenic regions. Hence, lncRNAs are also divided into eight categories: Intergenic lncRNAs, Intronic lncRNAs, Enhancer lncRNAs, Promoter lncRNAs, Natural antisense/sense lncRNAs, Small nucleolar RNA-ended lncRNAs (sno-lncRNAs), Bidirectional lncRNAs, and non-poly(A) lncRNAs (Ma et al., 2013; Devaux et al., 2015; St Laurent et al., 2015; Chen, 2016; Quinn and Chang, 2016; Richard and Eichhorn, 2018; Connerty et al., 2020). A range of evidence has suggested that lncRNAs function as key regulators in crucial cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion, by regulating the expression level of target genes via epigenomic, transcriptional, or post-transcriptional approaches (Cao et al., 2018). Moreover, lncRNAs detected in body fluids were also believed to serve as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of disease progression, and act as novel and potential drug targets for therapeutic exploitation in human disease (Jiang W. et al., 2018; Zhou et al., 2019a). Long non-coding RNA X-inactive specific transcript (lncRNA Xist) are a set of 15,000-20,000 nt sequences localized in the X chromosome inactivation center (XIC) of chromosome Xq13.2 (Brown et al., 1992; Debrand et al., 1998; Kay, 1998; Lee et al., 2013; da Rocha and Heard, 2017; Yang Z. et al., 2018; Brockdorff, 2019). Previous studies have indicated that lncRNA Xist regulate X chromosome inactivation (XCI), resulting in the inheritable silencing of one of the X-chromosomes during female cell development. Also, it serves a vital regulatory function in the whole spectrum of human disease (notably cancer) and can be used as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and as a potential therapeutic target for human disease in the clinic (Liu et al., 2018b; Deng et al., 2019; Dinescu et al., 2019; Mutzel and Schulz, 2020; Patrat et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020a). In particular, lncRNA Xist have been demonstrated to be involved in the development of multiple types of tumors including brain tumor, Leukemia, lung cancer, breast cancer, and liver cancer, with the prominent examples outlined in Table 1. It was also believed that lncRNA Xist (Chaligne and Heard, 2014; Yang Z. et al., 2018) contributed to other diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis, inflammation, neuropathic pain, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and osteoarthritis chondrocytes, and more specific details can be found in Table 2. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the regulatory mechanisms of lncRNA Xist on both chromosome dosage compensation and pathogenesis (especially cancer) processes, with a focus on the regulatory network of lncRNA Xist in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dongyi Zhang
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Lingyun Zhu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
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Long Noncoding RNA Expression Profiles of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells from the Periodontitis Microenvironment in Response to Static Mechanical Strain. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6655526. [PMID: 33936212 PMCID: PMC8055431 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6655526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
During the period of orthodontic tooth movement, periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) play an important role in transducing mechanical stimulation and tissue remodeling. However, our previous studies verified that the periodontitis microenvironment causes damage to the biological functions of PDLSCs and abnormal mechanical sensitivity. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in the inflammatory pathogenesis and development of many diseases. Whether lncRNAs are abnormally expressed in PDLSCs obtained from periodontal tissues of periodontitis patients (PPDLSCs) and whether putative lncRNAs participate in the mechanotransductive process in PDLSCs remain poorly understood. First, we subjected PDLSCs obtained from healthy periodontal tissues (HPDLSCs) and PPDLSCs to static mechanical strain (SMS) with 12% elongation at 0.1 Hz frequency using an FX-4000T system and screened overall lncRNA profiles in both cell types by microarray. Among lncRNAs with a fold change (FC) > 20.0, 27 lncRNAs were upregulated in strained HPDLSCs, and 16 lncRNAs (9 upregulated and 7 downregulated) were detected in strained PPDLSCs. For mRNAs with FC > 20.0, we detected 25 upregulated mRNAs and one downregulated mRNA in strained HPDLSCs and 7 upregulated and 5 downregulated mRNAs in strained PPDLSCs. Further enrichment analysis showed that, unlike HPDLSCs with annotations principally involving transduction-associated signaling pathways, dysregulated mRNAs in PPDLSCs are mainly responsible for pathological conditions. Moreover, coexpressed lncRNA-mRNA networks confirmed the pathological state and exacerbated inflammatory conditions in strained PPDLSCs. Taken together, when compared with strained HPDLSCs, various lncRNAs and mRNAs were dysregulated in PPDLSCs under mechanical forces, implicating the response of lncRNAs in PPDLSCs to mechanical stress. Moreover, we provide potential lncRNA targets, which may contribute to future intervention strategies for orthodontic treatment in periodontitis patients.
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Chattopadhyay P, Srinivasa Vasudevan J, Pandey R. Noncoding RNAs: modulators and modulatable players during infection-induced stress response. Brief Funct Genomics 2021; 20:28-41. [PMID: 33491070 PMCID: PMC7929421 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elaa026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The human genome has an almost equal distribution of unique and transposable genetic elements. Although at the transcriptome level, a relatively higher contribution from transposable elements derived RNA has been reported. This is further highlighted with evidence from pervasive transcription. Of the total RNA, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are significant contributors to the transcriptome pool with sizeable fraction from repetitive elements of the human genome, inclusive of Long Interspersed Nuclear Elements (LINEs) and Short Interspersed Nuclear Elements (SINEs). ncRNAs are increasingly being implicated in diverse functional roles especially during conditions of stress. These stress responses are driven through diverse mediators, inclusive of long and short ncRNAs. ncRNAs such as MALAT1, GAS5, miR-204 and miR-199a-5p have been functionally involved during oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response (UPR). Also, within SINEs, Alu RNAs derived from primate-specific Alu repeats with ~11% human genome contribution, playing a significant role. Pathogenic diseases, including the recent COVID-19, leads to differential regulation of ncRNAs. Although, limited evidence suggests the need for an inquest into the role of ncRNAs in determining the host response towards pathogen challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rajesh Pandey
- Corresponding author: Rajesh Pandey, INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) laboratory. CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), North Campus, Near Jubilee Hall, Mall Road, Delhi-110007, India. Tel.: +91 9811029551; E-mail:
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26
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Chen KHE, Lainez NM, Coss D. Sex Differences in Macrophage Responses to Obesity-Mediated Changes Determine Migratory and Inflammatory Traits. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 206:141-153. [PMID: 33268480 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms whereby obesity differentially affects males and females are unclear. Because macrophages are functionally the most important cells in obesity-induced inflammation, we sought to determine reasons for male-specific propensity in macrophage migration. We previously determined that male mice fed a high-fat diet exhibit macrophage infiltration into the hypothalamus, whereas females were protected irrespective of ovarian estrogen, in this study, we show that males accumulate more macrophages in adipose tissues that are also more inflammatory. Using bone marrow cells or macrophages differentiated in vitro from male and female mice fed control or high-fat diet, we demonstrated that macrophages derived from male mice are intrinsically more migratory. We determined that males have higher levels of leptin in serum and adipose tissue. Serum CCL2 levels, however, are the same in males and females, although they are increased in obese mice compared with lean mice of both sexes. Leptin receptor and free fatty acid (FFA) receptor, GPR120, are upregulated only in macrophages derived from male mice when cultured in the presence of FFA to mimic hyperlipidemia of obesity. Unless previously stimulated with LPS, CCL2 did not cause migration of macrophages. Leptin, however, elicited migration of macrophages from both sexes. Macrophages from male mice maintained migratory capacity when cultured with FFA, whereas female macrophages failed to migrate. Therefore, both hyperlipidemia and hyperleptinemia contribute to male macrophage-specific migration because increased FFA induce leptin receptors, whereas higher leptin causes migration. Our results may explain sex differences in obesity-mediated disorders caused by macrophage infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hui Ethan Chen
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Nancy M Lainez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Djurdjica Coss
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521
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27
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Kostoff RN, Briggs MB, Shores DR. Treatment repurposing for inflammatory bowel disease using literature-related discovery and innovation. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:4889-4899. [PMID: 32952337 PMCID: PMC7476176 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i33.4889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) incidence has been increasing steadily, most dramatically in the Western developed countries. Treatment often includes lifelong immunosuppressive therapy and surgery. There is a critical need to reduce the burden of IBD and to discover medical therapies with better efficacy and fewer potential side-effects. Repurposing of treatments originally studied in other diseases with similar pathogenesis is less costly and time intensive than de novo drug discovery. This study used a treatment repurposing methodology, the literature-related discovery and innovation (LRDI) text mining system, to identify potential treatments (developed for non-IBD diseases) with sufficient promise for extrapolation to treatment of IBD. By searching for desirable patterns of twenty key biomarkers relevant to IBD (e.g., inflammation, reactive oxygen species, autophagy, barrier function), the LRDI-based query retrieved approximately 9500 records from Medline. The most recent 350 records were further analyzed for proof-of-concept. Approximately 18% (64/350) met the criteria for discovery (not previously studied in IBD human or animal models) and relevance for application to IBD treatment. Many of the treatments were compounds derived from herbal remedies, and the majority of treatments were being studied in cancer, diabetes, and central nervous system disease, such as depression and dementia. As further validation of the search strategy, the query identified ten treatments that have just recently begun testing in IBD models in the last three years. Literature-related discovery and innovation text mining contains a unique search strategy with tremendous potential to identify treatments for repurposing. A more comprehensive query with additional key biomarkers would have retrieved many thousands more records, further increasing the yield of IBD treatment repurposing discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Neil Kostoff
- School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Gainesville, VA 20155, United States
| | | | - Darla Roye Shores
- The Hopkins Resource for Intestinal Vitality and Enhancement, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
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28
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Koch AL, Rusnak M, Peachee K, Isaac A, McCart EA, Rittase WB, Olsen CH, Day RM, Symes AJ. Comparison of the effects of osmotic pump implantation with subcutaneous injection for administration of drugs after total body irradiation in mice. Lab Anim 2020; 55:142-149. [PMID: 32703063 DOI: 10.1177/0023677220939991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The increasing potential for radiation exposure from nuclear accidents or terrorist activities has intensified the need to develop pharmacologic countermeasures against injury from total body irradiation (TBI). Many initial experiments to develop and test these countermeasures utilize murine irradiation models. Yet, the route of drug administration can alter the response to irradiation injury. Studies have demonstrated that cutaneous injuries can exacerbate damage from radiation, and thus surgical implantation of osmotic pumps for drug delivery could adversely affect the survival of mice following TBI. However, daily handling and injections to administer drugs could also have negative consequences. This study compared the effects of subcutaneous needlesticks with surgical implantation of osmotic pumps on morbidity and mortality in a murine model of hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS). C57BL/6 mice were sham irradiated or exposed to a single dose of 7.7 Gy 60Co TBI. Mice were implanted with osmotic pumps containing sterile saline seven days prior to irradiation or received needlesticks for 14 days following irradiation or received no treatment. All irradiated groups exhibited weight loss. Fewer mice with osmotic pumps survived to 30 days post irradiation (37.5%) than mice receiving needlesticks or no treatment (70% and 80%, respectively), although this difference was not statistically significant. However, mice implanted with the pump lost significantly more weight than mice that received needlesticks or no treatment. These data suggest that surgical implantation of a drug-delivery device can adversely affect the outcome in a murine model of H-ARS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amory L Koch
- Department of Laboratory Animal Resources, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, USA
| | - Milan Rusnak
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, USA
| | - Katherine Peachee
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, USA
| | - Akira Isaac
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, USA
| | - Elizabeth A McCart
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, USA
| | - W Bradley Rittase
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, USA
| | - Cara H Olsen
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, USA
| | - Regina M Day
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, USA
| | - Aviva J Symes
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, USA
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