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Bergner-Koether R, Peschka L, Pastukhov A, Carbon CC, Steins-Loeber S, Hajak G, Rettenberger M. The Relevance of Hypersexuality and Impulsivity in Different Groups of Treatment-Seekers With and Without (Exclusive) Pedophilia. SEXUAL ABUSE : A JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2024:10790632241271204. [PMID: 39104158 DOI: 10.1177/10790632241271204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Hypersexuality and impulsivity are regarded as risk factors for sexual offending against children. Studies exploring these factors in undetected men who offended or are at risk of offending are rare. This study aims to investigate hypersexuality and impulsivity in treatment-seeking men with and without a diagnosis of (exclusive) pedophilia who committed child sexual abuse (CSA), consumed child sexual abuse images (CSAI), or feel at risk of offending sexually. Data were obtained from three child abuse prevention projects in Bamberg, Germany. We employed self-report (BIS-11, HBI), objective measures (TSO), and risk assessment tools (STABLE-2007). We computed Bayesian ordinal logit and binomial generalized linear models to explore differences between groups and to predict lifetime CSA and CSAI. Hypersexuality scores were particularly pronounced in patients with exclusive and non-exclusive pedophilia. Patients without pedophilia scored similarly to nonclinical samples. Impulsivity measures did not consistently differ between groups. We could not predict lifetime CSA and CSAI using impulsivity and hypersexuality measures. Sexual rather than general impulsivity seems to be an issue in men with pedophilia. The motivation to offend in patients without pedophilia is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Bergner-Koether
- Department for Sexual Medicine, Sozialstiftung Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Lasse Peschka
- Department for Sexual Medicine, Sozialstiftung Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
- Department of General Psychology and Methodology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Pastukhov
- Department of General Psychology and Methodology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Claus-Christian Carbon
- Department of General Psychology and Methodology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Steins-Loeber
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Göran Hajak
- Department for Sexual Medicine, Sozialstiftung Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Martin Rettenberger
- Centre for Criminology (Kriminologische Zentralstelle, - KrimZ), Wiesbaden, Germany
- Department of Psychology at the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU), Germany
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Tisdall L, Mugume S, Kellen D, Mata R. Lifespan trajectories of risk preference, impulsivity, and self-control: A dataset containing self-report, informant-report, behavioral, hormone and functional neuroimaging measures from a cross-sectional human sample. Data Brief 2024; 52:109968. [PMID: 38152498 PMCID: PMC10751829 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper describes data collected from a cross-sectional convenience sample of 200 healthy human volunteers between 16 and 81 years of age. We assembled an extensive battery of measures of risk preference, impulsivity, and self-control, as well as a range of demographic and cognitive measures, Crucially, we adopted different measure categories, including self-reports, informant reports, behavioral measures, and biological measures (hormones, brain function) to capture individual differences, and adopted a within-participant design. Data collection took place over multiple sessions. First, participants completed a laboratory session at the university during which we collected computer-assisted self-report measures (i.e., standardized questionnaires) as well as behavioral measures using computerized tasks. Second, participants independently completed a home session that included the completion of self-report measures, and the collection of saliva samples. In parallel, we acquired informant reports from up to three individuals nominated by the study participants. Third, participants completed a final session at the local hospital during which we collected structural and functional neuroimaging data, as well as further self-report measures. The data was collected to address questions concerning the developmental trajectories of risk preference and related constructs while assessing the impact of the assessment method; however, we invite fellow researchers to benefit from and further explore the data for research on decision-making under risk and uncertainty in general, and to apply novel analytical approaches (e.g., machine-learning applications to the neuroimaging data). Combining a large set of measures with a within-participant design affords a wealth of opportunities for further insights and a more robust evidence base supporting current theorizing on (age-related) differences in risk preference, impulsivity, and self-control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreen Tisdall
- Center for Cognitive and Decision Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simon Mugume
- Center for Cognitive and Decision Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Kellen
- College of Arts & Sciences, Syracuse University, USA
| | - Rui Mata
- Center for Cognitive and Decision Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Switzerland
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Edwin Thanarajah S, Hanssen R, Melzer C, Tittgemeyer M. Increased meso-striatal connectivity mediates trait impulsivity in FTO variant carriers. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1130203. [PMID: 37223038 PMCID: PMC10200952 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1130203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective While variations in the first intron of the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO, rs9939609 T/A variant) have long been identified as a major contributor to polygenic obesity, the mechanisms underlying weight gain in risk allele carriers still remain elusive. On a behavioral level, FTO variants have been robustly linked to trait impulsivity. The regulation of dopaminergic signaling in the meso-striatal neurocircuitry by these FTO variants might represent one mechanism for this behavioral alteration. Notably, recent evidence indicates that variants of FTO also modulate several genes involved in cell proliferation and neuronal development. Hence, FTO polymorphisms might establish a predisposition to heightened trait impulsivity during neurodevelopment by altering structural meso-striatal connectivity. We here explored whether the greater impulsivity of FTO variant carriers was mediated by structural differences in the connectivity between the dopaminergic midbrain and the ventral striatum. Methods Eighty-seven healthy normal-weight volunteers participated in the study; 42 FTO risk allele carriers (rs9939609 T/A variant, FTO + group: AT, AA) and 39 non-carriers (FTO - group: TT) were matched for age, sex and body mass index (BMI). Trait impulsivity was assessed via the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and structural connectivity between the ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra (VTA/SN) and the nucleus accumbens (NAc) was measured via diffusion weighted MRI and probabilistic tractography. Results We found that FTO risk allele carriers compared to non-carriers, demonstrated greater motor impulsivity (p = 0.04) and increased structural connectivity between VTA/SN and the NAc (p< 0.05). Increased connectivity partially mediated the effect of FTO genetic status on motor impulsivity. Conclusion We report altered structural connectivity as one mechanism by which FTO variants contribute to increased impulsivity, indicating that FTO variants may exert their effect on obesity-promoting behavioral traits at least partially through neuroplastic alterations in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmili Edwin Thanarajah
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Department for Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ruth Hanssen
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEPD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Corina Melzer
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marc Tittgemeyer
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
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Riesel A, Härpfer K, Thoma L, Kathmann N, Klawohn J. Associations of neural error-processing with symptoms and traits in a dimensional sample recruited across the obsessive-compulsive spectrum. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14164. [PMID: 36030541 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The error-related negativity (ERN), a neural response to errors, has been associated with several forms of psychopathology and assumed to represent a neural risk marker for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and anxiety disorders. Yet, it is still unknown which specific symptoms or traits best explain ERN variation. This study investigated performance-monitoring in participants (N = 100) recruited across a spectrum of obsessive-compulsive characteristics (n = 26 patients with OCD; n = 74 healthy participants including n = 24 with low, n = 24 with medium, and n = 26 with high OC-characteristics). Several compulsivity- and anxiety-associated characteristics were assessed and submitted to exploratory principal axis factor analysis. Associations of raw measures and derived factors with ERN and correct-related negativity (CRN) were examined. Patients with OCD showed increased ERN amplitudes compared to healthy participants. The ERN was associated with a variety of traits related to anxiety and negative affect. Factor analysis results revealed a most prominent association of the ERN with a composite measure of anxiety and neuroticism, whereas the CRN was specifically associated with compulsivity. Results support differential associations for the ERN and CRN and demonstrate that a dimensional recruitment approach and use of composite measures can improve our understanding of characteristics underlying variation in neural performance monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Riesel
- Department of Psychology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Härpfer
- Department of Psychology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Thoma
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Kathmann
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Klawohn
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Medicine, MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Context effects, skin conductance responses and personality traits - Influencing variables on risk-taking within a modified version of the balloon analog risk task. Biol Psychol 2023; 177:108498. [PMID: 36681293 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
When individuals take risks, they must weigh potential costs and benefits associated with a decision. Differences in risk-taking appear to be influenced by contextual, and inter-individual factors. However, it is still ambiguous to what extent these characteristics jointly influence risk-taking. We investigated how risk-taking varies as function of context effects, incentives, skin conductance responses (SCR), and personality traits such as impulsivity and sensitivity to reward and punishment. Sixty-eight healthy participants conducted a modified version of the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) composed of a gain-framed (G-BART) and loss-framed (L-BART) context with each a low and a high outcome magnitude condition. While the goal in G-BART was to maximize gains, the goal in L-BART was to minimize losses. In both versions, participants can potentially accumulate the same amounts. We conducted trial-by-trial mixed model analyses to account for within- and between-participant effects. Participants showed greater risk-taking when playing L-BART than G-BART; more risk-taking was observed in the high compared to the low outcome magnitude condition. Furthermore, higher SCR were associated with less risk-taking. Lower impulsivity was related to a greater difference in risk-taking in both contexts, with greater risk-taking in L-BART. Likewise, sensitivity to reward was associated with a greater difference in risk-taking in both contexts, with greater risk-taking in G-BART. Finally, greater sensitivity to punishment was related to risk-taking among participants describing themselves as sensitive to rewards. Results support a multidimensional state-trait model of risk-taking suggesting that risk-taking is favored by loss-aversion along with incentives, psychophysiological arousal, and personality traits.
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Witowska J, Stolarski M, Wittmann M. Psychometric Validation of the German Adaptation of the Temporal Metacognition Scale. TIMING & TIME PERCEPTION 2022. [DOI: 10.1163/22134468-bja10070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Temporal metacognition (TMC) is defined as the ability to consciously self-regulate cognitive focus on the past, the present, and the future by utilizing metacognitive skills, emotions, knowledge, and experience. TMC stems conceptually from the idea of a balanced time perspective — the ability to switch between time horizons — and it builds upon the major theories of metacognition. We validated the German version of the Temporal Metacognition Scale (TMCS) translated from the Polish original with n = 226 native German speakers. Confirmatory Factor Analysis supported the three-factor model obtained in the original Polish version with the following subscales: Metacognitive Temporal Control, Cognitive Reconstruction of the Past, and Goal-Oriented Metatemporal Interconnectedness. All three scales yielded acceptable internal consistency. Their correlations with the subscales of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, Deviation from the Balanced Time Perspective, and other conceptually related psychological constructs, such as personality traits, well-being, experiencing emotions, and other features of metacognition, provide evidence for the validity of the German version of the TMCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Witowska
- Institute of Psychology, The Maria Grzegorzewska University, 02-353 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Stolarski
- Department of Psychometrics and Psychological Diagnosis, University of Warsaw, 00-183 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marc Wittmann
- Institute for Frontier Areas in Psychology and Mental Health, 79098 Freiburg, Germany
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Analysis of individual differences in neurofeedback training illuminates successful self-regulation of the dopaminergic midbrain. Commun Biol 2022; 5:845. [PMID: 35986202 PMCID: PMC9391365 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03756-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The dopaminergic midbrain is associated with reinforcement learning, motivation and decision-making – functions often disturbed in neuropsychiatric disorders. Previous research has shown that dopaminergic midbrain activity can be endogenously modulated via neurofeedback. However, the robustness of endogenous modulation, a requirement for clinical translation, is unclear. Here, we examine whether the activation of particular brain regions associates with successful regulation transfer when feedback is no longer available. Moreover, to elucidate mechanisms underlying effective self-regulation, we study the relation of successful transfer with learning (temporal difference coding) outside the midbrain during neurofeedback training and with individual reward sensitivity in a monetary incentive delay (MID) task. Fifty-nine participants underwent neurofeedback training either in standard (Study 1 N = 15, Study 2 N = 28) or control feedback group (Study 1, N = 16). We find that successful self-regulation is associated with prefrontal reward sensitivity in the MID task (N = 25), with a decreasing relation between prefrontal activity and midbrain learning signals during neurofeedback training and with increased activity within cognitive control areas during transfer. The association between midbrain self-regulation and prefrontal temporal difference and reward sensitivity suggests that reinforcement learning contributes to successful self-regulation. Our findings provide insights in the control of midbrain activity and may facilitate individually tailoring neurofeedback training. Analysis of real-time fMRI data from 59 participants undergoing neurofeedback training suggests that reinforcement learning contributes to successful self-regulation in the dopaminergic midbrain.
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Inhibitory framing in hypersexual patients with Parkinson's disease. An fMRI pilot study. Exp Brain Res 2022; 240:2097-2107. [PMID: 35763033 PMCID: PMC9288360 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06397-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Hypersexuality in medicated patients with PD is caused by an increased influence of motivational drive areas and a decreased influence of inhibitory control areas due to dopaminergic medication. In this pilot study, we test a newly developed paradigm investigating the influence of dopaminergic medication on brain activation elicited by sexual pictures with and without inhibitory contextual framing. Twenty PD patients with and without hypersexuality were examined with fMRI either OFF or ON standardized dopaminergic medication. The paradigm consisted of a priming phase where either a neutral context or an inhibitory context was presented. This priming phase was either followed by a sexual or a neutral target. Sexual, compared to neutral pictures resulted in a BOLD activation of various brain regions implicated in sexual processing. Hypersexual PD patients showed increased activity compared to PD controls in these regions. There was no relevant effect of medication between the two groups. The inhibitory context elicited less activation in inhibition-related areas in hypersexual PD, but had no influence on the perception of sexual cues. The paradigm partially worked: reactivity of motivational brain areas to sexual cues was increased in hypersexual PD and inhibitory contextual framing lead to decreased activation of inhibitory control areas in PD. We could not find a medication effect and the length of the inhibitory stimulus was not optimal to suppress reactivity to sexual cues. Our data provide new insights into the mechanisms of hypersexuality and warrant a replication with a greater cohort and an optimized stimulus length in the future.
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Panitz M, Deserno L, Kaminski E, Villringer A, Sehm B, Schlagenhauf F. OUP accepted manuscript. Cereb Cortex Commun 2022; 3:tgac006. [PMID: 35233532 PMCID: PMC8874878 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is thought to be central for flexible behavioral adaptation. However, the causal relationship between mPFC activity and this behavior is incompletely understood. We investigated whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the mPFC alters flexible behavioral adaptation during reward-based decision-making, targeting Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) coordinates X = −8, Y = 62, Z = 12, which has previously been associated with impaired behavioral adaptation in alcohol-dependent patients. Healthy human participants (n = 61) received either anodal (n = 30) or cathodal (n = 31) tDCS versus sham tDCS while performing a reversal learning task. To assess the mechanisms of reinforcement learning (RL) underlying our behavioral observations, we applied computational models that varied with respect to the updating of the unchosen choice option. We observed that anodal stimulation over the mPFC induced increased choice switching after punishments compared with sham stimulation, whereas cathodal stimulation showed no effect on participants’ behavior compared with sham stimulation. RL revealed increased updating of the unchosen choice option under anodal as compared with sham stimulation, which accounted well for the increased tendency to switch after punishments. Our findings provide a potential model for tDCS interventions in conditions related to flexible behavioral adaptation, such as addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Panitz
- Department of Neurology, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Corresponding author: Department of Neurology, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstrasse 1A, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Lorenz Deserno
- Department of Neurology, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaminski
- Department of Neurology, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Human Movement Neurosciences, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04109, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- MindBrainBody Institute, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Sehm
- Department of Neurology, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Florian Schlagenhauf
- Department of Neurology, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Adaptation and validation of a German version of the Dickman impulsivity inventory for the assessment of functional and dysfunctional impulsivity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23310. [PMID: 34857852 PMCID: PMC8639757 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02775-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Impulsive behavior tends to have a negative connotation in the sense that it is usually associated with detrimental or dysfunctional outcomes. However, under certain circumstances, impulsive behaviors may also have beneficial or functional outcomes. Dickman's Impulsivity Inventory (DII) measures these two distinct aspects of impulsivity, namely, dysfunctional impulsivity (the tendency to act with less forethought than do most people which leads to difficulties) and functional impulsivity (the tendency to act with little forethought when the situation is optimal). In the present study, we translated the DII into German and validated the German version in a sample of 543 adults. The original 23-item model was considered unsuitable for the German version as suggested by fit indices of a confirmatory factor analysis. Exploratory factor analyses rather supported a 16-item version. Further psychometric analyses and inferential statistical analyses on the final German DII indicated its appropriateness for use in German-speaking populations and support a two-factor solution of the DII. Finally, exploratory analyses on the German DII suggest differential relationships between dysfunctional and functional impulsivity and self-reported lifestyle-related variables (smoking, alcohol usage, and sports behavior).
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Study protocol: evaluation of the addictive potential of e-cigarettes (EVAPE): neurobiological, sociological, and epidemiological perspectives. BMC Psychol 2021; 9:181. [PMID: 34794514 PMCID: PMC8600891 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00682-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco use is the largest preventable cause of diseases and deaths; reducing tobacco intake is, therefore, an urgent public health goal. In recent years, e-cigarettes have been marketed as a 'healthier' alternative to tobacco smoking, whilst product features have evolved tremendously in the meantime. A lively scientific debate has developed regarding the potential benefits and risks of e-cigarettes although, surprisingly, there are few studies investigating the addictive potential of nicotine-containing e-cigarettes. The present work comprises three work packages investigating the addictive potential of e-cigarettes from different perspectives: (1) the neurobiological addictive potential of e-cigarettes; (2) the experience and perception of dependence symptoms among users of e-cigarettes in a social context; and (3) the epidemiological perspective regarding factors influencing the potential for dependence. METHODS Work package I: the neurobiological study will investigate the key elements of addiction in e-cigarettes compared to tobacco cigarettes using neurobiological and neuropsychological correlates associated with craving, incentive motivation, cue reactivity and attentional bias. Work package II: the sociological study part examines self-reports on the experience and perception of dependence symptoms in a social context, using focus group interviews and the analysis of posts in online discussion forums on e-cigarettes. Work package III: the epidemiological study part focuses on tolerance development and the role of psychosocial and product factors by analyzing longitudinal data from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project (ITC). DISCUSSION The present study offers a chosen mix of three methodological approaches, thereby comprehensively examining core symptoms of positive and negative reinforcement in addiction. Whether e-cigarettes are as reinforcing and addictive as combustible tobacco cigarettes is an important public health issue with implications for prevention and treatment programs. TRIAL REGISTRATION Work package I: Registered at clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04772014. Work package II: Registered at OSF Registries: https://osf.io/dxgya (2021, January 14).
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Khemiri L, Brynte C, Konstenius M, Guterstam J, Rosendahl I, Franck J, Jayaram-Lindström N. Self-rated impulsivity in healthy individuals, substance use disorder and ADHD: psychometric properties of the Swedish Barratt impulsiveness scale. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:458. [PMID: 34537043 PMCID: PMC8449879 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulsivity is associated with several psychiatric disorders, including substance use disorders (SUD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A widely used questionnaire to assess impulsivity is the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), and the aim of the current study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the BIS (swe-BIS). METHODS The original BIS was translated to Swedish and back-translated by an authorized translator. The swe-BIS was administered to healthy controls (n = 113), patients with alcohol use disorder (n = 97), amphetamine use disorder (n = 37) and attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD; n = 26). A subset of subjects (n = 62) completed the swe-BIS twice within 1 week. Psychometric evaluation of the swe-BIS included assessment of different indices of reliability (internal consistency, test-retest and agreement) and validity (response processess, divergent and convergent). Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were performed to assess several indices of model fit in five different models based on previously suggested subscales. RESULTS Cronbach's alpha for all swe-BIS items in the full sample was 0.89, ranging from 0.78-0.87 within the different subgroups. The Pearson test-retest correlation for total score was 0.78 (p < 0.001), with greater test-retest correlations within compared to across different subscales. The Bland-Altman plot indicated high level of agreement between test and retest. The healthy individuals had lower swe-BIS score compared to the patients (t(267.3) = - 8.6; p < 0.001), and the swe-BIS total score was also significantly different between each of the four participant groups (p < 0.01 for all group comparisons). Furthermore, swe-BIS had greater correlations with impulsivity related scales compared to non-impulsivity related scales. The CFA analyses indicated that while no suggested model showed an optimal fit, the best model fit indices was found for the 3-factor model. CONCLUSIONS The swe-BIS was found to have good to excellent psychometric properties with respect to the assessed indices of reliability and validity, supporting use of the scale in clinical research in both healthy individuals and patients with SUD and ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotfi Khemiri
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Norra Stationsgatan 69, floor 7, 113 64, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Christoffer Brynte
- grid.467087.a0000 0004 0442 1056Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Norra Stationsgatan 69, floor 7, 113 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maija Konstenius
- grid.467087.a0000 0004 0442 1056Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Norra Stationsgatan 69, floor 7, 113 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joar Guterstam
- grid.467087.a0000 0004 0442 1056Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Norra Stationsgatan 69, floor 7, 113 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingvar Rosendahl
- grid.467087.a0000 0004 0442 1056Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Norra Stationsgatan 69, floor 7, 113 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Franck
- grid.467087.a0000 0004 0442 1056Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Norra Stationsgatan 69, floor 7, 113 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nitya Jayaram-Lindström
- grid.467087.a0000 0004 0442 1056Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Norra Stationsgatan 69, floor 7, 113 64 Stockholm, Sweden
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Lampalzer U, Tozdan S, von Franqué F, Briken P. Hypersexuality and Impulsivity in Self-Referred Men With Sexual Interest in Minors: Are They Related? Do They Change During Treatment? An Exploratory Pilot Study. Sex Med 2021; 9:100429. [PMID: 34509753 PMCID: PMC8498949 DOI: 10.1016/j.esxm.2021.100429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Studies on characteristics of self-referred men with sexual interest in minors (SIM) and treatment approaches in this group of patients are still relatively rare. Aim The aim of this exploratory pilot study was to investigate hypersexuality and impulsivity as 2 dynamic risk factors that could possibly change during treatment in self-referred men with SIM. Methods Data were collected at the “Kein Täter Werden (means: not become an offender)” network site in Hamburg. Using self-report questionnaires, the extent of hypersexuality and impulsivity was analyzed with the samples’ pretreatment data via descriptive statistics and compared with nonclinical samples of other studies. The relation between hypersexuality and impulsivity was analyzed via Spearman's correlation coefficient with pretreatment data (N = 77). Intragroup analysis compared hypersexuality and impulsivity from pre- and posttreatment (n = 29). Main Outcome Measures Hypersexual Behavior Inventory and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 11. Results The degree of generalized impulsivity in the SIM group was comparable to that in nonclinical samples while the degree of hypersexuality was considerably higher than in nonclinical samples. Sixty-four percent of the participants were in the range of clinically relevant hypersexuality. Impulsivity and hypersexuality were weakly positively correlated with each other. During treatment hypersexuality significantly decreased while impulsivity did not differ significantly between before beginning treatment and after (partial) completion. Conclusion Hypersexuality, but not impulsivity, was pronounced in the group of self-referred men with SIM and should be targeted in treatment. In order to improve treatment outcome regarding risk reduction in self-referred men with SIM, a focus on treatment approaches that were developed to treat hypersexuality can be expected to be effective while focusing on generalized impulsivity may be less relevant. Lampalzer U, Tozdan S, von Franqué F, et al. Hypersexuality and Impulsivity in Self-Referred Men With Sexual Interest in Minors: Are They Related? Do They Change During Treatment? An Exploratory Pilot Study. Sex Med 2021;9:100429.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Lampalzer
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Safiye Tozdan
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fritjof von Franqué
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peer Briken
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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14
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Schanz CG, Equit M, Schäfer SK, Käfer M, Mattheus HK, Michael T. Development and Psychometric Properties of the Test of Passive Aggression. Front Psychol 2021; 12:579183. [PMID: 33981263 PMCID: PMC8107391 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.579183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: To date, most research on aggression in mental disorders focused on active-aggressive behavior and found self-directed and other-directed active aggression to be a symptom and risk-factor of psychopathology. On the other hand, passive-aggressive behavior has been investigated less frequently and only in research on psychodynamic defense mechanisms, personality disorders, and dysfunctional self-control processes. This small number of studies primarily reflects a lack of a reliable and valid clinical assessment of passive-aggressive behavior. To address this gap, we developed the Test of Passive Aggression (TPA), a 24-item self-rating scale for the assessment of self-directed and other-directed passive-aggressive behavior. Method: Study 1 examined the internal consistency and factorial validity of the TPA in an inpatient sample (N = 307). Study 2 investigated the retest-reliability, internal consistency, and construct validity (active aggression, personality traits, impulsivity) of the TPA in a student sample (N = 180). Results: In line with our hypothesis, Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling revealed an acceptable to good fit of a bi-factorial structure of the TPA (Chi-square-df-ratio = 1.98; RMSR = 0.05, fit.off = 0.96). Both TPA scales showed good to excellent internal consistency (α = 0.83-0.90) and 4-week retest-reliability (r tt = 0.86). Correlations with well-established aggression scales, measures of personality, and impulsivity support discriminant and convergent validity of the TPA. Conclusions: The TPA is a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of self-directed and other-directed passive-aggressive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian G. Schanz
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Monika Equit
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Sarah K. Schäfer
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | | | - Hannah K. Mattheus
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Tanja Michael
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
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15
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Nakovics H, Benoit D, Asherson P, Luderer M, Alm B, Vollstädt-Klein S, Philipsen A, Mowlem F, Fischer N, Sobanski E. Validation of the German Version of the Mind Excessively Wandering Scale (MEWS-G). FORTSCHRITTE DER NEUROLOGIE-PSYCHIATRIE 2021; 89:607-616. [PMID: 33657626 DOI: 10.1055/a-1362-9743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that unintentional mind wandering is linked to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and that its frequency contributes to symptom severity and functional impairment in ADHD. However, empirical data on mind wandering in adult ADHD are still scarce, and a validated scale to assess mind wandering in German adult ADHD patients is lacking. The primary aim of this study is to assess the psychometric properties of the German version of the recently published Mind Excessively Wandering Scale (MEWS-G) in terms of factorial structure and factor stability, internal consistency and construct validity. Analyses were performed in 128 adults with ADHD, clinical and healthy controls. As described for the original English 15-item version of the scale, we found lowest item-total-correlations for items 6, 10 and 14 with item-total correlation of all: 0.54/ADHD: 0.32 (item 6), all: 0.55/ADHD: 0.39 (item 10) and all: 0.11/ADHD: -0.04 (item 14). Item-total correlations for the remaining items were 0.65-0.86 and Cronbach Alpha was 0.96 indicating good internal consistency of the 12-item version of scale, on which we based all further analyses. Principal component analysis indicated a one- and two- factorial scale structure respectively explaining 71.7 % and 78.7 % of variance. Both factors showed good stability with lower stability of the factor-2 solution if sample size was reduced. The two-factorial solution also had many cross-loadings and a strong correlation of both factors in confirmatory factorial analysis (rf1f2 = 0.87). It probably describes related and interdependent, but not distinct facets of mind wandering, which strongly argues for the one factorial structure of the scale. Mean MEWS-G score in ADHD was 23.77 ± 7.85 compared to 7.64 ± 7.27 in controls (p < .0001). According to ROC, the optimal cut-off point to discriminate ADHD and controls is at MEWS-G score = 13. On the symptom level, MEWS-G score was correlated with ADHD, depressive and total psychiatric symptom scores, on the personality level with neuroticsm and negatively with conscientiousness and on the functional level with social interaction difficulties and impaired self-efficacy. In summary, our study shows that MEWS-G is a reliable, valid instrument to assess spontaneous mind wandering in adult ADHD and to discriminate between ADHD and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Nakovics
- Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Klinik für Abhängiges Verhalten, Klinische Fakultät Mannheim
| | | | - Philip Asherson
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience
| | - Matthias Luderer
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt.,Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Klinik für Abhängiges Verhalten, Klinische Fakultät Mannheim
| | - Barbara Alm
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit Klinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg
| | - Sabine Vollstädt-Klein
- Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Klinik für Abhängiges Verhalten, Klinische Fakultät Mannheim.,Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences
| | - Alexandra Philipsen
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn
| | - Florence Mowlem
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience
| | - Nicole Fischer
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und -psychotherapie Universitätsmedizin Mainz
| | - Esther Sobanski
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit Klinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg.,Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und -psychotherapie Universitätsmedizin Mainz
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16
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Bamberg CCL, Flasbeck V, Diop S, Brüne M. Ecology of cooperation: The influence of fasting and satiety on interpersonal trust. Soc Neurosci 2021; 16:134-144. [PMID: 33439787 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2021.1876758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The willingness to cooperate in social interaction often depends on factors such as trustworthiness, reciprocity, and gender, but perhaps also on situational factors such as satiety. Here, we examined Trust Game performance before (fasting condition) and after ingestion of a high-caloric drink (satiety condition) of 37 psychologically healthy male subjects who played the game against individuals of both sexes differing in facial attractiveness. Participants invested significantly fewer money units (MUs) in the fasting condition compared to the satiated condition. Female opposing players received more MUs than males and attractive players more than less attractive ones. Time to arrive at a decision was shorter in the satiated condition than in the fasting condition. These findings indicate that satiety affects social cooperation and suggests that physical needs are prioritized over social cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Claus Ludwig Bamberg
- LWL University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, Division of Social Neuropsychiatry and Evolutionary Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Vera Flasbeck
- LWL University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, Division of Social Neuropsychiatry and Evolutionary Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Shirin Diop
- LWL University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Martin Brüne
- LWL University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, Division of Social Neuropsychiatry and Evolutionary Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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17
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Wrege JS, Busmann M, Meyer AH, Euler S, Lang UE, Walter M. Impulsiveness in borderline personality disorder predicts the long-term outcome of a psychodynamic treatment programme. Clin Psychol Psychother 2020; 28:633-641. [PMID: 33119970 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite the preponderance of treatment outcome predictors in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD), the predictive value of measures of impulsiveness is inconclusive. This naturalistic study consecutively included hospitalized patients with BPD (N = 99) who underwent a standardized and structured 12-week inpatient treatment programme, which integrated cognitive-behavioural and psychodynamic elements. The Brief Symptom Checklist (BSCL) was applied as outcome measure over four time points: pretreatment, posttreatment, first follow-up at 6 to 8 weeks and second follow-up at 1 year after discharge. Impulsiveness was measured using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) at the pretreatment time point. The BSCL significantly decreased between pretreatment and posttreatment, followed by an increase after posttreatment without reaching pretreatment extent. The temporal course of the BSCL significantly varied with pretreatment BIS in that patients with higher impulsiveness revealed a stronger re-increase of symptom severity from posttreatment to end of follow-up than those with lower impulsiveness. The least impulsive patients thereby showed no rebound effect. The robustness of the results was examined by cross-validation. The results indicate that irrespective of the level of impulsiveness, patients with BPD profit from a structured inpatient treatment. However, long-term treatment success was impaired in patients with high level of impulsiveness at pretreatment. Thus, self-ratings of impulsiveness in BPD patients can be utilized for treatment planning. After discontinuation of interventions, relapse prevention should be implemented early in high impulsive patients as symptoms recrudesce in the course after discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes S Wrege
- Department of Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mareike Busmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea H Meyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Euler
- Department of Consultation Psychiatry and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Undine E Lang
- Department of Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Walter
- Department of Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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18
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Wölfling K, Duven E, Wejbera M, Beutel ME, Müller KW. Discounting delayed monetary rewards and decision making in behavioral addictions - A comparison between patients with gambling disorder and internet gaming disorder. Addict Behav 2020; 108:106446. [PMID: 32408114 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Behavior addictions, such as Gambling Disorder and Internet Gaming Disorder, have been demonstrated to have severe negative impact. Heightened impulsivity, deficits in decision making, and cognitive biases in the preference of immediate rewards have been shown to be crucial aspects in addictive disorders. While for Gambling Disorder (GD), dysfunctional decision making has been documented before, data for Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) are still underrepresented. In order to allow for a direct comparison of both disorders, we assessed different measures of impulsivity (trait, impulsive choice, and decision making) in a clinical sample. N = 31 patients meeting criteria for GD and n = 30 patients with IGD were recruited from an outpatient clinic and compared regarding their performance in a Delay Discounting Task (DDT), the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), and self-report data on impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale). Healthy controls (n = 27) were included as a reference group. In the DDT, the area under the curve was associated with the severity of GD only. No correlations were found for the impulsivity subscales and the area under the curve which, however, was similar between the two patient groups in contrast to controls. The GD-group performed poorer then the other groups in the IGT while IGD-patients performed poorer only at the beginning of the experiment. Although only few significant differences occurred, similarities between GD and IGD regarding the DDT point towards a tendency on discounting rewards faster. Likewise, both patient groups were performing worse in the IGT than healthy controls which indicates deficiencies in decision making. Interestingly, the IGD-group was able to shift towards more advantageous decision making, which might have important implications for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wölfling
- Outpatient Clinic for Behavioural Addiction, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Straße 8, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - E Duven
- Praxengemeinschaft Gonsenheim, Kapellenstraße 7, 55124 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Wejbera
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Straße 8, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - M E Beutel
- Outpatient Clinic for Behavioural Addiction, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Straße 8, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - K W Müller
- Outpatient Clinic for Behavioural Addiction, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Straße 8, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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19
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Pfennig A, Leopold K, Martini J, Boehme A, Lambert M, Stamm T, Bermpohl F, Reif A, Kittel-Schneider S, Juckel G, Fallgatter AJ, Kircher T, Jansen A, Pfeiffer S, Berndt C, Rottmann-Wolf M, Sauer C, Ritter P, Correll CU, Bechdolf A, Falkenberg I, Bauer M. Improving early recognition and intervention in people at increased risk for the development of bipolar disorder: study protocol of a prospective-longitudinal, naturalistic cohort study (Early-BipoLife). Int J Bipolar Disord 2020; 8:22. [PMID: 32607662 PMCID: PMC7326843 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-020-00183-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bipolar disorders (BD) belong to the most severe mental disorders, characterized by an early onset and recurrent, severe episodes or a chronic course with poor psychosocial functioning in a proportion of patients. Many patients with BD experience substantial symptomatology months or even years before full BD manifestation. Adequate diagnosis and treatment is often delayed, which is associated with a worse outcome. This study aims to prospectively evaluate and improve early recognition and intervention strategies for persons at-risk for BD. Methods Early-BipoLife is a prospective-longitudinal cohort study of 1419 participants (aged 15–35 years) with at least five waves of assessment over a period of at least 2 years (baseline, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months). A research consortium of ten university and teaching hospitals across Germany conducts this study. The following risk groups (RGs) were recruited: RG I: help-seeking youth and young adults consulting early recognition centres/facilities presenting ≥ 1 of the proposed risk factors for BD, RG II: in-/outpatients with unipolar depressive syndrome, and RG III: in-/outpatients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The reference cohort was selected from the German representative IMAGEN cohort. Over the study period, the natural course of risk and resilience factors, early symptoms of BD and changes of symptom severity (including conversion to manifest BD) are observed. Psychometric properties of recently developed, structured instruments on potential risk factors for conversion to BD and subsyndromal symptomatology (Bipolar Prodrome Symptom Scale, Bipolar at-risk criteria, EPIbipolar) and biomarkers that potentially improve prediction are investigated. Moreover, actual treatment recommendations are monitored in the participating specialized services and compared to recently postulated clinical categorization and treatment guidance in the field of early BD. Discussion Findings from this study will contribute to an improved knowledge about the natural course of BD, from the onset of first noticeable symptoms (precursors) to fully developed BD, and about mechanisms of conversion from subthreshold to manifest BD. Moreover, these generated data will provide information for the development of evidence-based guidelines for early-targeted detection and preventive intervention for people at risk for BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pfennig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Karolina Leopold
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Vivantes Klinikum Am Urban, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Martini
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Boehme
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Lambert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Stamm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic, Medical School Brandenburg, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Felix Bermpohl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sarah Kittel-Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Georg Juckel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LWL-University Hospital Bochum, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas J Fallgatter
- Department of General Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Steffi Pfeiffer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christina Berndt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maren Rottmann-Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Cathrin Sauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Philipp Ritter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph U Correll
- The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA.,Department of Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Bechdolf
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Vivantes Klinikum Am Urban, Berlin, Germany
| | - Irina Falkenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
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20
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Leclair MC, Lemieux AJ, Roy L, Martin MS, Latimer EA, Crocker AG. Pathways to Recovery among Homeless People with Mental Illness: Is Impulsiveness Getting in the Way? CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2020; 65:473-483. [PMID: 31763933 PMCID: PMC7297503 DOI: 10.1177/0706743719885477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates the association between impulsiveness and six dimensions of recovery among homeless people with mental illness. METHOD The sample was composed of 418 participants of a randomized controlled trial of Housing First, a recovery-oriented program that provides immediate access to permanent housing. The reliable change index method was used to provide an estimate of the statistical and clinical significance of the change from baseline to 24 months (i.e., clinically meaningful improvement), on outcomes that pertain to recovery dimensions: psychiatric symptoms (clinical), physical health and substance use problems (physical), residential stability (functional), arrests (criminological), community integration (social), and hope and personal confidence (existential). We tested for the effect of impulsiveness, assessed with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11, on clinically meaningful improvement on each specific outcome, adjusting for age, gender and intervention assignment, as both intervention arms were included in the analysis. RESULTS For every increase in total impulsiveness score by one standard deviation, the odds of experiencing clinically meaningful improvement decreased by 29% (OR = 0.71, 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.91) on the clinical dimension and by 53% (OR = 0.47, 95% CI, 0.32 to 0.68) on the existential dimension. However, changes in outcomes pertaining to physical, functional, criminological, and social dimensions were not significantly influenced by impulsiveness. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the importance of addressing impulsiveness in the context of recovery-oriented interventions for homeless people with mental illness. Further research may be required to improve interventions that are responsive to unique needs of impulsive individuals to support clinical and existential recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marichelle C. Leclair
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec,
Canada
- Institut national de psychiatrie légale Philippe-Pinel, Montréal,
Québec, Canada
| | - Ashley J. Lemieux
- Institut national de psychiatrie légale Philippe-Pinel, Montréal,
Québec, Canada
- School of Criminology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec,
Canada
| | - Laurence Roy
- Institut national de psychiatrie légale Philippe-Pinel, Montréal,
Québec, Canada
- School of Physical & Occupational Therapy, McGill University,
Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Québec,
Canada
| | - Michael S. Martin
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa,
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric A. Latimer
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Québec,
Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec,
Canada
| | - Anne G. Crocker
- Institut national de psychiatrie légale Philippe-Pinel, Montréal,
Québec, Canada
- School of Criminology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec,
Canada
- Department of Psychiatry & Addictions, Université de Montréal,
Montréal, Québec, Canada
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21
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Kapitány-Fövény M, Urbán R, Varga G, Potenza MN, Griffiths MD, Szekely A, Paksi B, Kun B, Farkas J, Kökönyei G, Demetrovics Z. The 21-item Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Revised (BIS-R-21): An alternative three-factor model. J Behav Addict 2020; 9:225-246. [PMID: 32609636 PMCID: PMC8939423 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2020.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Due to its important role in both healthy groups and those with physical, mental and behavioral disorders, impulsivity is a widely researched construct. Among various self-report questionnaires of impulsivity, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale is arguably the most frequently used measure. Despite its international use, inconsistencies in the suggested factor structure of its latest version, the BIS-11, have been observed repeatedly in different samples. The goal of the present study was therefore to test the factor structure of the BIS-11 in several samples. METHODS Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on two representative samples of Hungarian adults (N = 2,457; N = 2,040) and a college sample (N = 765). RESULTS Analyses did not confirm the original model of the measure in any of the samples. Based on explorative factor analyses, an alternative three-factor model (cognitive impulsivity; behavioral impulsivity; and impatience/restlessness) of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale is suggested. The pattern of the associations between the three factors and aggression, exercise, smoking, alcohol use, and psychological distress supports the construct validity of this new model. DISCUSSION The new measurement model of impulsivity was confirmed in two independent samples. However, it requires further cross-cultural validation to clarify the content of self-reported impulsivity in both clinical and nonclinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté Kapitány-Fövény
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary,Nyírő Gyula National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions, Budapest, Hungary,Corresponding author. E-mail: Tel.: +36 20 522 1850
| | - Róbert Urbán
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Varga
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Yale School of Medicine, Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling and Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anna Szekely
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Borbála Paksi
- Institute of Education, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bernadette Kun
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Farkas
- Nyírő Gyula National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions, Budapest, Hungary,Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyöngyi Kökönyei
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary,Corresponding author. E-mail:
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22
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Referral for group or individual treatment? Factors for consideration in the case of self-referred individuals with a sexual interest in minors. Int J Impot Res 2020; 33:348-363. [PMID: 32393848 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-020-0296-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In Germany, several treatment programs offer psychotherapy for individuals with a sexual interest in minors (SIM) who are currently not in contact with the criminal justice system. The patients present anonymously in relation to the health insurance and judicial system. Group therapy plays an important role in these programs. However, to date there is poor empirical evidence on indication criteria for group vs. individual treatment for this specific group of individuals. This study examined individuals with SIM who voluntarily participated in a treatment program in Hamburg. We investigated via post-hoc analysis whether there were significant differences regarding readiness to participate in group therapy, dynamic risk factors, psychopathic characteristics, impulsivity and empathy between individuals indicated for group therapy (n = 26) and individuals referred for individual therapy (n = 47). Results show that individuals referred for individual therapy were significantly more impulsive than individuals referred for group therapy, but comparable in respect to readiness to participate in group therapy, dynamic risk, psychopathy, and empathy. These findings suggest that assignment to group vs. individual therapy is mainly based on other criteria than these characteristics. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed.
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23
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Hüpen P, Wagels L, Weidler C, Kable JW, Schneider F, Habel U. Altered psychophysiological correlates of risk‐taking in borderline personality disorder. Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13540. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippa Hüpen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, JARA‐Institute Brain Structure Function Relationship (INM 10) Research Center Jülich Jülich Germany
| | - Lisa Wagels
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, JARA‐Institute Brain Structure Function Relationship (INM 10) Research Center Jülich Jülich Germany
| | - Carmen Weidler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Joseph W. Kable
- Department of Psychology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Frank Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
- University Hospital Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Ute Habel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, JARA‐Institute Brain Structure Function Relationship (INM 10) Research Center Jülich Jülich Germany
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24
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Mann K, Lemenager T, Zois E, Hoffmann S, Nakovics H, Beutel M, Vogelgesang M, Wölfling K, Kiefer F, Fauth-Bühler M. Comorbidity, family history and personality traits in pathological gamblers compared with healthy controls. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 42:120-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundWhile DSM-5 classified pathological gambling as an addictive disorder, there is debate as to whether ICD-11 should follow suit. The debate hinges on scientific evidence such as neurobiological findings, family history of psychiatric disorders, psychiatric comorbidity, and personality variables.MethodsIn the “Baden-Württemberg Study of Pathological Gambling”, we compared a group of 515 male pathological gamblers receiving treatment with 269 matched healthy controls. We studied differences in sociodemographic characteristics, gambling-related variables, psychiatric comorbidity (lifetime), family history of psychiatric conditions, as well as personality traits such as impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale), sensation seeking (Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking Scale) and the NEO-FFI big five. Personality traits were validated in an age- and ethnicity-matched subsample of “pure” gamblers without any psychiatric comorbidity (including nicotine dependence). Data were analyzed using two-sample t-tests, Chi2 analyses, Fisher's exact test and Pearson correlation analysis, as appropriate. Bonferroni correction was applied to correct for multiple comparisons.ResultsOnly 1% of the gamblers had been diagnosed with an impulse control disorder other than gambling (ICD-10). Notably, 88% of the gamblers in our sample had a comorbid diagnosis of substance dependence. The highest axis I comorbidity rate was for nicotine dependence (80%), followed by alcohol dependence (28%). Early age of first gambling experience was correlated with gambling severity. Compared to first-degree relatives of controls, first-degree relatives of pathological gamblers were more likely to suffer from alcohol dependence (27.0% vs. 7.4%), pathological gambling (8.3% vs. 0.7%) and suicide attempts (2.7% vs. 0.4%). Significant group differences were observed for the NEO-FFI factors neuroticism, agreeableness and conscientiousness. Gamblers were also more impulsive than controls, but did not differ from controls in terms of sensation seeking.ConclusionsOur findings support classifying pathological gambling as a behavioural addiction in the ICD-11. This decision will have a significant impact on the approaches available for prevention (e.g. age limits) and treatment.
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25
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Hadj-Abo A, Enge S, Rose J, Kunte H, Fleischhauer M. Individual differences in impulsivity and need for cognition as potential risk or resilience factors of diabetes self-management and glycemic control. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227995. [PMID: 31995586 PMCID: PMC6988919 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Impulsivity is marked by insufficient reflection and forethought, whereas Need for Cognition (NFC) also referred to as cognitive motivation or intellectual engagement is marked by elaborated thinking. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of these personality traits as resilience or risk factors, respectively, in diabetes self-management and glycaemic control. Further, it was examined whether diabetes-specific self-efficacy could serve as a mediator of these relationships. Design/Measures Data of 77 participants with type 2 diabetes was ascertained, using self-report instruments for NFC, impulsivity, diabetes-specific self-efficacy, and diabetes self-management. Glycemic control was assessed by the biomarker HbA1c. Results While NFC was strongly positively associated with diabetes self-management and glycemic control, impulsivity showed a reverse pattern. Results of simple and serial mediation models showed that the effects on diabetes self-management and HbA1c of both, impulsivity and NFC, were mediated by self-efficacy. Conclusion The moderate to high standardized coefficients suggests that NFC might be an important protective factor and impulsivity a possible risk factor for effective diabetes self-management and glycemic control. These traits could be applied for an easy-to-use questionnaire-based patient screening, enabling trait-tailored treatments and programs which in turn may lower economic and health costs associated with poor diabetes-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hadj-Abo
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sören Enge
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörn Rose
- Diabetes Centrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hagen Kunte
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Fleischhauer
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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26
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Schneider I, Boll S, Volman I, Roelofs K, Spohn A, Herpertz SC, Bertsch K. Oxytocin Normalizes Approach-Avoidance Behavior in Women With Borderline Personality Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:120. [PMID: 32218744 PMCID: PMC7078372 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Interpersonal deficits are a core symptom of borderline personality disorder (BPD), which could be related to increased social threat sensitivity and a tendency to approach rather than avoid interpersonal threats. The neuropeptide oxytocin has been shown to reduce threat sensitivity in patients with BPD and to modify approach-avoidance behavior in healthy volunteers. Methods: In a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled between-subject design, 53 unmedicated women with BPD and 61 healthy women participated in an approach-avoidance task 75 min after intranasal substance administration (24 IU of oxytocin or placebo). The task assesses automatic approach-avoidance tendencies in reaction to facial expressions of happiness and anger. Results: While healthy participants responded faster to happy than angry faces, the opposite response pattern, that is, faster reactions to angry than happy faces, was found in patients with BPD. In the oxytocin condition, the "congruency effect" (i.e., faster avoidance of facial anger and approach of facial happiness vice versa) was increased in both groups. Notably, patients with BPD exhibited a congruency effect toward angry faces in the oxytocin but not in the placebo condition. Conclusions: This is the second report of deficient fast, automatic avoidance responses in terms of approach behavior toward interpersonal threat cues in patients with BPD. Intranasally administered oxytocin was found to strengthen avoidance behavior to social threat cues and, thus, to normalize fast action tendencies in BPD. Together with the previously reported oxytocinergic reduction of social threat hypersensitivity, these results suggest beneficial effects of oxytocin on interpersonal dysfunctioning in BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Schneider
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Boll
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Inge Volman
- FMRIB Centre University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Karin Roelofs
- Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Angelika Spohn
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sabine C Herpertz
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Bertsch
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Psychology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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27
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Rosenberger LA, Pfabigan DM, Lehner B, Keckeis K, Seidel EM, Eisenegger C, Lamm C. Fairness norm violations in anti-social psychopathic offenders in a repeated trust game. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:266. [PMID: 31636249 PMCID: PMC6803633 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychopathic offenders have a high propensity to violate social norms, as indicated for instance by their widespread lying and cheating behaviour. The reasons for their norm violations are not well understood, though, as they are able to recognise norms in a given situation and also punish norm violators. In this study, we investigated whether psychopathic offenders would violate fairness norms during a repeated trust game because of increased profit-maximising concerns. We measured back-transfer decisions in the repeated trust game, and affective arousal by means of skin conductance responses (SCR) in violent offenders with varying degrees of psychopathy, and non-offenders with low-trait psychopathy. Psychopathy in offenders was measured with the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R). In the task, a participant and an interaction partner entrusted each other money for multiple rounds with the goal to earn as much money as possible. Fairness norm violations were positively associated with Factor 2 scores (the lifestyle/anti-social psychopathy subscale) of the PCL-R, but this was not accompanied by clear profit-maximising behaviour. In addition, anticipatory arousal to self-advantageous decisions was higher in all offenders, independent of their degree of psychopathy, compared with non-offenders. The results of our study widen our understanding of social decision-making in psychopathy. They also suggest treatment possibilities in offenders scoring high on Factor 2, targeting empathic concern and related prosocial intentions to overcome norm-violating behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Rosenberger
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Biopsychology Unit, Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Daniela M Pfabigan
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Behavioural Sciences in Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Benjamin Lehner
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katinka Keckeis
- Prison for Mentally Disordered Offenders (Justizanstalt Wien Mittersteig), Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva-Maria Seidel
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Eisenegger
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Biopsychology Unit, Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claus Lamm
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Biopsychology Unit, Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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28
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Mindfulness Meditation and Fantasy Relaxation in a Group Setting Leads to a Diminished Sense of Self and an Increased Present Orientation. Behav Sci (Basel) 2019; 9:bs9080087. [PMID: 31443211 PMCID: PMC6721387 DOI: 10.3390/bs9080087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Mind-body interventions (MBI), such as meditation or other relaxation techniques, have become the focus of attention in the clinical and health sciences. Differences in the effects of induction techniques are being increasingly investigated. (2) Methods: Here, we compared changes in the individual experience of time, space, and self in 44 students in an integrative health-promotion program. They participated in a study employing mindfulness meditation and a relaxation intervention with one week between sessions, thus employing a within-subjects design. (3) Results: No significant differences were detected when subjective reports were compared directly after each intervention. However, we found significant sequence effects between t1 and t2, independent of the meditation type. The sense of self diminished, the present orientation increased, and the past and future orientations decreased in both interventions. (4) Conclusions: We propose using scales to assess subjective time, self, and space as basic constituents of experience to measure the specificity of intervention methods, as well as longitudinal changes.
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29
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Doppler CEJ, Meyer L, Dovern A, Stühmer-Beckh J, Weiss PH, Fink GR. Differential Impact of Social and Monetary Reward on Procedural Learning and Consolidation in Aging and Its Structural Correlates. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:188. [PMID: 31417395 PMCID: PMC6682642 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In young (n = 36, mean ± SD: 24.8 ± 4.5 years) and older (n = 34, mean ± SD: 65.1 ± 6.5 years) healthy participants, we employed a modified version of the Serial Reaction Time task to measure procedural learning (PL) and consolidation while providing monetary and social reward. Using voxel-based morphometry (VBM), we additionally determined the structural correlates of reward-related motor performance (RMP) and PL. Monetary reward had a beneficial effect on PL in the older subjects only. In contrast, social reward significantly enhanced PL in the older and consolidation in the young participants. VBM analyses revealed that motor performance related to monetary reward was associated with larger grey matter volume (GMV) of the left striatum in the young, and motor performance related to social reward with larger GMV of the medial orbitofrontal cortex in the older group. The differential effects of social reward in young (improved consolidation) and both social and monetary rewards in older (enhanced PL) healthy subjects point to the potential of rewards for interventions targeting aging-associated motor decline or stroke-induced motor deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E J Doppler
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Linda Meyer
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Leverkusen, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Anna Dovern
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jaro Stühmer-Beckh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter H Weiss
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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30
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The glutamate to γ-aminobutyric acid ratio in the posterior insula is associated with pain perception in healthy women but not in women with borderline personality disorder. Pain 2019; 160:2487-2496. [PMID: 31339871 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether the differences in pain perception between patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and healthy subjects (HCs) can be explained by differences in the glutamate/GABA ratio in the posterior insula. In total, 29 BPD patients and 31 HCs were included in the statistical analysis. Mechanical pain sensitivity was experimentally assessed with pinprick stimuli between 32 and 512 mN on a numeric rating scale. The metabolites were measured in the right posterior insula using the MEshcher-GArwood Point-RESolved Spectroscopy sequence for single-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). The 256- and the 512-mN pinprick stimuli were perceived as significantly less painful by the BPD patient group compared with HCs. No differences were found between groups for the glutamate/GABA ratios. A positive correlation between the glutamate/GABA ratio and the pain intensity ratings to 256- and 512-mN pinpricks could be found in the combined and in the HC group. In the BPD patient group, the correlations between the glutamate/GABA ratio and the pain intensity ratings to 256- and 512-mN pinpricks did not reach significance. In conclusion, the study showed that individual differences in pain perception may in part be explained by the individual glutamate/GABA ratio in the posterior insula. However, this possible mechanism does not explain the differences in pain perception between BPD patients and HCs.
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31
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Besteher B, Gaser C, Nenadić I. Brain structure and trait impulsivity: A comparative VBM study contrasting neural correlates of traditional and alternative concepts in healthy subjects. Neuropsychologia 2019; 131:139-147. [PMID: 31071323 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Impulsivity as a trait modulates a range of cognitive functions, e.g. planning, decision-making, or response inhibition. Recent behavioural and psychometric findings challenge both the neurobiological models as well as the conceptualisation of psychometric measures of impulsivity. In the present study, we aimed to test the association of brain structure with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), a commonly applied self-rating instrument for impulsivity, using both the classical three-factor-model for impulsive behaviour (motor (IM), attentional (IA) and non-planning impulsivity (INP)), as well as the recently proposed alternative model contrasting inability to wait for reward (IWR) as an index of impulsive choice and rapid response style (RRS) as an index of impulsive action. We analysed brain structural data in a community sample of 85 healthy individuals, who completed the BIS-11, using voxel-based morphometry (CAT12: Computational Anatomy Toolbox 12). Regional volumes were correlated with the three traditional BIS-11 subscales, as well as IWR and RRS. BIS-11 total score was positively correlated with right inferior parietal, postcentral, and supramarginal grey matter (p < 0.05, FWE cluster-level corrected). Attentional impulsivity (IA) was also positively correlated with right inferior and superior parietal and supramarginal gyri. Comparison of the other scales did show some divergence, but most correlations did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Our findings suggest that difference facets of trait impulsivity might be related to different brain areas, and might thus dissociate along distinct but overlapping neural networks. In contrast to lesion or patient studies, these analyses delineate physiological variance, and can thus help to conceptualise network models in the absence of pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Besteher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Christian Gaser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg / Marburg University Hospital - UKGM, Marburg, Germany
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32
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Steins-Loeber S, Madjarova R, Lörsch F, Herpertz SC, Flor H, Duka T. An experimental study on spontaneous recovery of conditioned reward expectancies and instrumental responding in humans. Behav Res Ther 2019; 118:54-64. [PMID: 30991266 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate spontaneous recovery of reward-expectancies and a reward-associated response in humans and to assess individual factors affecting spontaneous recovery. We therefore implemented an experimental procedure comprising three separate test-sessions. In the first test-session, participants underwent instrumental discrimination training to acquire a conditioned reward-associated response, in the second test-session, memory of this response was tested followed by extinction training. In the third test-session, extinction memory was assessed. Our results demonstrate spontaneous recovery of extinguished conditioned reward-associated expectancies and indicate that differential expectancies after training and extinction and impulsivity significantly predicted the magnitude of spontaneous recovery. In contrast, limited evidence for spontaneous recovery of instrumental responding was found. Given that reward-expectancies might trigger instrumental responding these findings underline the importance of developing extinction procedures that lead to more complete and less fragile long-term extinction of reward-associated responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Steins-Loeber
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bamberg, Markusplatz 3, 96047, Bamberg, Germany.
| | - Radka Madjarova
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frank Lörsch
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bamberg, Markusplatz 3, 96047, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Sabine C Herpertz
- Department of General Psychiatry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Voßstraße 2, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Theodora Duka
- Sussex Addiction Research and Intervention Centre, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK
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33
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Hüpen P, Habel U, Schneider F, Kable JW, Wagels L. Impulsivity Moderates Skin Conductance Activity During Decision Making in a Modified Version of the Balloon Analog Risk Task. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:345. [PMID: 31037055 PMCID: PMC6476343 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual differences in traits such as impulsivity and processing of risk and reward have been linked to decision making and may underlie divergent decision making strategies. It is, however, unclear whether and how far individual differences in these characteristics jointly influence decision making. Here, we aimed to investigate the roles of skin conductance responses, a psychophysiological marker of risk processing and impulsivity, as assessed by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11 on decision making. Forty-six healthy participants performed a modified version of the Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART), where reward and explosion risk are manipulated separately. Participants are informed about whether they play a high versus low reward and high versus low explosion risk condition. The exact risk and reward contingencies are, however, unknown to participants. Participants were less risk-taking under high, compared to low explosion risk and under high reward, compared to low reward on the modified BART, which served as a validation of the paradigm. Risk-taking was negatively related to skin conductance responses under high explosion risk. This relationship was primarily driven by individuals with relatively high levels of impulsivity. However, impulsivity alone was not found to be related to decision making on the modified BART. These results extend evidence that skin conductance responses may guide decision making in situations, where participants are informed about risk level (high vs. low), which might be differentially moderated by different levels of impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa Hüpen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, School of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, School of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ute Habel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, School of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA-Institute Brain Structure Function Relationship (INM 10), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Frank Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, School of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Joseph W Kable
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lisa Wagels
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, School of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA-Institute Brain Structure Function Relationship (INM 10), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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Peters L, Soyka M. Interrelationship of Opioid Dependence, Impaired Impulse Control, and Depressive Symptoms: An Open-Label Cross-Sectional Study of Patients in Maintenance Therapy. Neuropsychobiology 2019; 77:73-82. [PMID: 30453290 DOI: 10.1159/000494697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A growing number of studies indicate increased impulsivity in patients with opioid dependence (OD). However, few studies exclude concomitant drug use and consider depression as a comorbidity, both of which can bias results. AIM We aimed to compare impulsivity in patients with OD enrolled in maintenance therapy (ICD code F11.22) and well-matched healthy controls taking psychopathological impairments into account. Furthermore, we compared the result to risky behavioral patterns in patients. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 50 patients with OD enrolled in either methadone or buprenorphine maintenance therapy and 50 healthy controls matched for gender, age, education, marital status, and premorbid intelligence. Abstinence from benzodiazepines, amphetamines, and cocaine was verified by urine analysis. We used the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11 (BIS-11), Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI), the Symptom Checklist 90 Revised (SCL-90R), and the European version of the Addiction Severity Index (EuropASI). RESULTS Patients exhibited significantly worse impulse control than healthy individuals. We found no correlation between impulsiveness and reported risky behavior patterns but found a significant correlation between depressive symptoms and psychopathological impairment. CONCLUSIONS Patients with OD showed a higher impulsivity than healthy individuals. Impulsivity could be a cause or a consequence of a substance use disorder; further research is warranted to explain this relationship. Impulsivity was associated with depression, an important confounder; future research needs to take this into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Peters
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany,
| | - Michael Soyka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Medical Park Chiemseeblick, Bernau, Germany
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Juneja R, Chaiwong W, Siripool P, Mahapol K, Wiriya T, Shannon JS, Petchkrua W, Kunanusont C, Marriott LK. Thai adaptation and reliability of three versions of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS 11, BIS-15, and BIS-Brief). Psychiatry Res 2019; 272:744-755. [PMID: 30832195 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Long, short, and brief versions of the Barratt Impulsiveness scale (BIS-11, BIS-15, and BIS-Brief) were tested in an adult Thai population. The BIS-11T and BIS-15T were translated, back-translated, and administered to a non-clinical population (n = 305) of native Thai speakers who returned 2 weeks later for re-test. BIS-Brief-T psychometrics were calculated post-hoc. Impulsivity scores were normally distributed for the BIS-11T and BIS-15T, but not BIS-Brief-T. Excellent internal consistency was observed, with Cronbach's alpha coefficients above 0.80 for all translated instruments: BIS-11T (α = 0.86), BIS-15T (α = 0.81), BIS-Brief-T (α = 0.81). A total of 260 participants completed both instruments (85%), with test-retest reliability exceeding r = 0.81. All three instruments were highly correlated (r = 0.83-0.89). Confirmatory factor analysis supports a three factor structure (attention, motor, non-planning) for BIS-15T and two factor structure for BIS-11T. BIS scales can support measurement of a range of impulsivity scores in an adult Thai population, though predictive validity of these scales remains unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Juneja
- Bangkok Health Research Center, Bangkok Dusit Medical Services, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - W Chaiwong
- Bangkok Health Research Center, Bangkok Dusit Medical Services, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - P Siripool
- Bangkok Health Research Center, Bangkok Dusit Medical Services, Bangkok, Thailand; OHSU/PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - K Mahapol
- Bangkok Health Research Center, Bangkok Dusit Medical Services, Bangkok, Thailand; OHSU/PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - T Wiriya
- Bangkok Health Research Center, Bangkok Dusit Medical Services, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - J S Shannon
- OHSU/PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - W Petchkrua
- Bangkok Health Research Center, Bangkok Dusit Medical Services, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - C Kunanusont
- Bangkok Health Research Center, Bangkok Dusit Medical Services, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - L K Marriott
- OHSU/PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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Geukes K, Breil SM, Hutteman R, Nestler S, Küfner ACP, Back MD. Explaining the longitudinal interplay of personality and social relationships in the laboratory and in the field: The PILS and the CONNECT study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210424. [PMID: 30699128 PMCID: PMC6353144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Our personalities (who we are) influence our social relationships (how we relate to people around us), and our social relationships influence our personalities. However, little is known about the specific processes underlying the complex interplay of personality and social relationships. According to the PERSOC framework, the identification of underlying social interaction processes promotes the understanding of how personality and social relationships are expressed, develop, and influence each other over time. The aim of the present paper is twofold: First, we outline and discuss four methodological challenges that arise when trying to empirically realize a process approach to the personality-relationship interplay. Second, we describe two data sets that are designed to meet these challenges and that are open for collaborative investigations: a laboratory-based process approach (Personality Interaction Laboratory Study; PILS) and a field-based process approach (CONNECT). We provide detailed information on the samples (two student samples; PILS: N = 311; CONNECT: N = 131), procedures (longitudinal and multimethodological), and measures (personality and social relationships, appearance and behavior, interpersonal perceptions), for which we present descriptive information, reliabilities, and intercorrelations. We summarize how these studies' designs targeted the introduced methodological challenges, discuss the advantages and limitations of laboratory- and field-based process approaches, and call for their combination. We close by outlining an open research policy, aimed at accelerated collaborative efforts to further open the process black box, ultimately leading to a better understanding of the expression, development, and complex interplay of personality and social relationships.
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Schag K, Rauch-Schmidt M, Wernz F, Zipfel S, Batra A, Giel KE. Transdiagnostic Investigation of Impulsivity in Alcohol Use Disorder and Binge Eating Disorder With Eye-Tracking Methodology-A Pilot Study. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:724. [PMID: 31681036 PMCID: PMC6813717 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and patients with binge eating disorder (BED) are characterized by increased impulsivity, i.e. increased reward sensitivity and diminished response inhibition. In this pilot study, we compare both disorders directly concerning impulsivity using disorder-specific stimuli to gain insight into the relationship of both disorders and underlying mechanisms. Methods: We compared eye movements of 23 women with BED (age M = 40.9), 21 participants with AUD (13 females, 8 males, age M = 46.6), and age- and sex-matched control groups (BED-CG and AUD-CG, respectively). We measured reward sensitivity with the free exploration paradigm and response inhibition with the modified antisaccade paradigm. We presented disorder-specific stimuli vs. neutral stimuli, i.e. food stimuli in the BED and BED-CG and alcohol stimuli in the AUD and AUD-CG. Results: BED and BED-CG initially fixated more often on food stimuli vs. neutral stimuli, whereas AUD and AUD-CG initially fixated more often on neutral stimuli vs. alcohol stimuli. AUD showed shorter dwell times on both stimulus categories in comparison with the other groups. When saccades towards stimuli should be inhibited, BED made more errors in first saccades for both stimulus categories in comparison with AUD-CG and in second saccades particularly for food stimuli in comparison with all other groups, whereas AUD did not differ from the control groups. Conclusions: This pilot study indicates that food and alcohol stimuli are at the first sight differently processed. Moreover, patients with BED and with AUD seem to process disorder-specific stimuli differently. Whereas patients with AUD avoid stimuli generally, patients with BED predominantly show deficits in inhibitory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Schag
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Competence Center for Eating Disorders Tübingen (KOMET), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Magdalena Rauch-Schmidt
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Competence Center for Eating Disorders Tübingen (KOMET), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Friederike Wernz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Section Addiction Medicine and Addiction Research, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Competence Center for Eating Disorders Tübingen (KOMET), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anil Batra
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Section Addiction Medicine and Addiction Research, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katrin E Giel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Competence Center for Eating Disorders Tübingen (KOMET), Tübingen, Germany
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Smith CT, San Juan MD, Dang LC, Katz DT, Perkins SF, Burgess LL, Cowan RL, Manning HC, Nickels ML, Claassen DO, Samanez-Larkin GR, Zald DH. Ventral striatal dopamine transporter availability is associated with lower trait motor impulsivity in healthy adults. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:269. [PMID: 30531858 PMCID: PMC6286354 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0328-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Impulsivity is a transdiagnostic feature of a range of externalizing psychiatric disorders. Preclinical work links reduced ventral striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) availability with heightened impulsivity and novelty seeking. However, there is a lack of human data investigating the relationship between DAT availability, particularly in subregions of the striatum, and the personality traits of impulsivity and novelty seeking. Here we collected PET measures of DAT availability (BPND) using the tracer 18F-FE-PE2I in 47 healthy adult subjects and examined relations between BPND in striatum, including its subregions: caudate, putamen, and ventral striatum (VS), and trait impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale: BIS-11) and novelty seeking (Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire: TPQ-NS), controlling for age and sex. DAT BPND in each striatal subregion showed nominal negative associations with total BIS-11 but not TPQ-NS. At the subscale level, VS DAT BPND was significantly associated with BIS-11 motor impulsivity (e.g., taking actions without thinking) after correction for multiple comparisons. VS DAT BPND explained 13.2% of the variance in motor impulsivity. Our data demonstrate that DAT availability in VS is negatively related to impulsivity and suggest a particular influence of DAT regulation of dopamine signaling in VS on acting without deliberation (BIS motor impulsivity). While needing replication, these data converge with models of ventral striatal functions that emphasize its role as a key interface linking motivation to action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T. Smith
- 0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Department of Psychology, PMB 407817, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37240-7817 USA
| | - M. Danica San Juan
- 0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Department of Psychology, PMB 407817, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37240-7817 USA
| | - Linh C. Dang
- 0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Department of Psychology, PMB 407817, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37240-7817 USA
| | - Daniel T. Katz
- 0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Department of Psychology, PMB 407817, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37240-7817 USA
| | - Scott F. Perkins
- 0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Department of Psychology, PMB 407817, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37240-7817 USA
| | - Leah L. Burgess
- 0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Department of Psychology, PMB 407817, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37240-7817 USA
| | - Ronald L. Cowan
- 0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Department of Psychology, PMB 407817, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37240-7817 USA ,0000 0004 1936 9916grid.412807.8Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Avenue South, Suite 3057, Nashville, TN 37212 USA ,0000 0004 1936 9916grid.412807.8Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Medical Center North, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - H. Charles Manning
- 0000 0004 1936 9916grid.412807.8Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Medical Center North, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232 USA ,0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Station B 351822, Nashville, TN 37235 USA ,0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Department of Biomedical Engineering, PMB 351826, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235-1826 USA ,0000 0004 1936 9916grid.412807.8Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, T4224 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232-2380 USA
| | - Michael L. Nickels
- 0000 0004 1936 9916grid.412807.8Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Medical Center North, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Daniel O. Claassen
- 0000 0004 1936 9916grid.412807.8Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, A-0118, Nashville, TN 37232-2551 USA
| | - Gregory R. Samanez-Larkin
- 0000 0004 1936 7961grid.26009.3dDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, 417 Chapel Drive, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - David H. Zald
- 0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Department of Psychology, PMB 407817, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37240-7817 USA ,0000 0004 1936 9916grid.412807.8Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Avenue South, Suite 3057, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
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Engel J, Körner M, Schuhmann P, Krüger TH, Hartmann U. Reduction of Risk Factors for Pedophilic Sexual Offending. J Sex Med 2018; 15:1629-1637. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lewitzka U, Bauer M, Ripke B, Bronisch T, Günther L. Impulsivity and Saliva Cortisol in Patients with Suicide Attempt and Controls. Neuropsychobiology 2018; 75:162-168. [PMID: 29346785 DOI: 10.1159/000484664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to prove concepts in the characterization of suicidal patients and the possible usefulness of those markers to potentially identify patients with a higher risk for suicidality. METHODS Patients with a recent suicide attempt were compared with patients suffering from depression, adjustment disorder, anxiety, or eating disorders without suicidality, healthy controls and remitted patients with a history of at least 1 suicide attempt (≥1 year). We analyzed impulsivity (Barratt Impulsivity Scale, BIS) and saliva cortisol concentrations. RESULTS Independently of suicidality and disease state patients display higher BIS scores than healthy controls. Saliva cortisol levels tend to be higher in patients in the acute disease state than in remitted patients and healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Saliva cortisol may be a useful marker that reveals alterations in nonsuicidal patients suffering from depression, adjustment disorder, anxiety, or eating disorders who might be at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Lewitzka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Lydia Günther
- Division of Medical Biology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Rote J, Dingelstadt AML, Aigner A, Bauer M, Fiebig J, König B, Kunze J, Pfeiffer S, Pfennig A, Quinlivan E, Simhandl C, Stamm TJ. Impulsivity predicts illness severity in long-term course of bipolar disorder: A prospective approach. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2018; 52:876-886. [PMID: 29969910 DOI: 10.1177/0004867418783062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder is a common, severe and chronic mental illness. Despite this, predictors of illness severity remain poorly understood. Impulsivity is reported to be associated with bipolar disorder and aggravating comorbidities. This study therefore sought to examine the predictive value of impulsivity for determining illness severity in euthymic bipolar disorder patients. METHODS Baseline trait impulsivity of 120 bipolar euthymic patients (81 bipolar disorder I [68%], 80 female [67%]) and 51 healthy controls was assessed using Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11. The impact of impulsivity on illness severity (measured with morbidity index) was prospectively tested in 97 patients with sufficient follow-up data (average observation time: 54.4 weeks), using linear regression analysis. RESULTS Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11 total (β = 0.01; p < 0.01) and in particular Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11 attentional subscale scores (β = 0.04; p < 0.001) predicted illness severity in bipolar disorder, while controlling for other clinical variables. Only age at onset persisted as an additional, but less influential predictor. Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11 total scores and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11 attentional subscale scores were significantly higher in euthymic patients compared to controls. This was not observed for the motor or non-planning subscale scores. LIMITATIONS The average year-long observation time might not be long enough to account for the chronic course of bipolar disorder. CONCLUSION Trait impulsivity and particularly attentional impulsivity in euthymic bipolar patients can be strong predictors of illness severity in bipolar disorder. Future studies should explore impulsivity as a risk assessment for morbidity and as a therapeutic target in bipolar disorder patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Rote
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,2 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alice-Mai-Ly Dingelstadt
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,2 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Annette Aigner
- 3 Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- 2 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jana Fiebig
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,4 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Barbara König
- 5 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Landesklinikum Neunkirchen, Neunkirchen, Austria
| | | | - Steffi Pfeiffer
- 2 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrea Pfennig
- 2 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Esther Quinlivan
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Simhandl
- 7 Bipolar Center Wiener Neustadt, Vienna, Austria.,8 Sigmund Freud Privatuniversität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas J Stamm
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,4 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
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Kubera KM, Schmitgen MM, Maier-Hein KH, Thomann PA, Hirjak D, Wolf RC. Differential contributions of cortical thickness and surface area to trait impulsivity in healthy young adults. Behav Brain Res 2018; 350:65-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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[German version of the Northoff catatonia rating scale (NCRS-dv) : A validated instrument for measuring catatonic symptoms]. DER NERVENARZT 2018; 88:787-796. [PMID: 27325247 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-016-0136-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The clinical picture of catatonia includes impressive motor phenomena, such as rigidity, dyskinesia, festination, negativism, posturing, catalepsy, stereotypies and mannerisms, along with affective (e. g. aggression, anxiety, anhedonism or emotional lability) and behavioral symptoms (e.g. mutism, autism, excitement, echolalia or echopraxia). In English speaking countries seven catatonia rating scales have been introduced, which are widely used in clinical and scientific practice. In contrast, only one validated catatonia rating scale is available in Germany so far. In this paper, we introduce the German version of the Northoff catatonia rating scale (NCRS-dv). The original English version of the NCRS consists of 40 items describing motor (13 items), affective (12 items) and behavioral (15 items) catatonic symptoms. The NCRS shows high internal reliability (Crombachs alpha = 0.87), high interrater (r = 0.80-0.96) and high intrarater (r = 0.80-0.95) reliability. Factor analysis of the NCRS revealed four domains: affective, hyperactive or excited, hypoactive or retarded and behavior with individual eigenvalues of 8.98, 3.61, 2.98 and 2.82, respectively, which explained 21.5 %, 9.3 %, 7.6 % and 7.2 % of variance, respectively. In conclusion, the NCRS-dv represents a second validated instrument which can be used by German clinicians and scientists for the assessment of catatonic symptoms.
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Pugnaghi G, Cooper A, Ettinger U, Corr PJ. The Psychometric Properties of the German Language Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory-Personality Questionnaire (RST-PQ). JOURNAL OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of a German translation of the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality Questionnaire (RST-PQ; Corr & Cooper, 2016 ). Five hundred twenty-seven participants completed the German version of the RST-PQ, in addition to a battery of related self-report personality questionnaires. A six-factor structure, with two unitary defensive factors, fight-flight-freeze system (FFFS; related to fear) and the behavioral inhibition system (BIS; related to anxiety), and four behavioral approach system (BAS) factors (Reward Interest, Goal-Drive Persistence, Reward Reactivity, and Impulsivity), was supported by confirmatory factor analysis, confirming the English language version of the RST-PQ. Convergent and discriminant validity for the six-factor structure was demonstrated in relation to existing personality scales. Results showed that the German version of the RST-PQ is a reliable and valid self-report measure of the revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (rRST) of personality. This version of the RST-PQ is offered to facilitate work on approach-avoidance theories of personality using German language samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pugnaghi
- Institute of Training and Computer Science in Sport, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrew Cooper
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, UK
| | | | - Philip J. Corr
- Department of Psychology, City, University of London, UK
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Wagner G, Krause-Utz A, de la Cruz F, Schumann A, Schmahl C, Bär KJ. Resting-state functional connectivity of neurotransmitter producing sites in female patients with borderline personality disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:118-126. [PMID: 29355588 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Impulsive behavior, difficulties in controlling anger and suicidal behavior are typical patterns of affective/behavioral dysregulation in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Previous functional MRI studies in the resting state condition demonstrated altered functional connectivity (FC) between the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the frontoparietal executive control network (ECN), which was significantly associated with impulsivity in BPD. Impulsivity is often defined as a function of inhibitory control, strongly relying on the proper functioning of the fronto-cingulo-striatal network. Noradrenergic, dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmitter systems are assumed to be involved in different forms of impulsive behavior and inhibitory control. In our previous study, we investigated the FC of the main monoamine-producing nuclei within the midbrain and brainstem, which were functionally integrated in specific resting-state networks. In the present study we investigated the resting-state FC of midbrain/brainstem nuclei in 33 unmedicated female patients with BPD and 33 matched healthy controls. We further related altered functional connectivity of these nuclei to the patient's degree of impulsivity. The main finding was that BPD patients showed stronger FC from the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) to the ACC. Functional connectivity between the LC and ACC was positively associated with the degree of motor impulsivity in the total group. Controlling for aggression, a stronger FC was also found between serotonergic nucleus centralis superior (NCS) and the frontopolar cortex (FPC) in patients compared to controls. Furthermore, patients showed a weaker "anti-correlation" from the substantia nigra (SNc) to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The observed enhanced LC-ACC FC in BPD and its association with the motor impulsivity might be indicative of a noradrenergic dysfunction in the neural inhibitory control network, whereas the significant relationship between NCS-FPC FC and aggression points toward serotonergic contribution to prefrontal control of aggressive reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Wagner
- Psychiatric Brain and Body Research Group Jena, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Jena, Philosophenweg 3, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Annegret Krause-Utz
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Feliberto de la Cruz
- Psychiatric Brain and Body Research Group Jena, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Jena, Philosophenweg 3, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Andy Schumann
- Psychiatric Brain and Body Research Group Jena, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Jena, Philosophenweg 3, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Christian Schmahl
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Mannheim, Germany
| | - Karl-Jürgen Bär
- Psychiatric Brain and Body Research Group Jena, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Jena, Philosophenweg 3, Jena 07743, Germany.
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Legenbauer T, Müller A, de Zwaan M, Fischer C, Burgmer R, Herpertz S. The Impact of Self-Reported Impulsivity on the Course of Weight Is Mediated by Disinhibited Eating. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2017; 26:38-45. [PMID: 29067753 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of impulsivity and the mediating role of disinhibited eating behaviour (DEB) on weight and weight trajectories in a large data set including obese non-treatment seeking individuals (obese control, n = 138) and obese individuals who were either receiving a conventional treatment program (n = 227) or bariatric surgery (n = 123). Data was assessed one, 4 and 9 years after baseline including self-reports for impulsivity and DEB. Results suggest a significant association between impulsivity and body mass index, which is partially mediated by DEB. Longitudinally, the influence of impulsivity on the course of weight after 9 years was fully mediated by DEB in obese control but not in the treatment groups. The results indicate an interplay between impulsivity and DEB with respect to obesity. Further research is needed to clarify how the mediation works and when it exerts its effect, in order to identify those that might profit from a specific (impulsivity-reducing) training. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Legenbauer
- LWL University Hospital for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ruhr University Bochum, Hamm, Germany
| | - Astrid Müller
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martina de Zwaan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Charlotte Fischer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ramona Burgmer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephan Herpertz
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Angry but not neutral faces facilitate response inhibition in schizophrenia patients. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2017; 267:621-627. [PMID: 27866272 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-016-0748-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a very heterogeneous disorder with extensive impairments in cognitive as well as emotional abilities. One critical domain is response inhibition, and previous studies in schizophrenia patients have mostly observed impairments, i.e., slower inhibition. Moreover, response inhibition to socially salient stimuli has not been investigated in schizophrenia so far. Therefore, to elucidate emotion-cognition interactions by examining potential emotional effects on inhibition processes and further investigate the association of cognition with inhibition we used an emotional stop signal task in 27 schizophrenia patients and 27 gender- and age-matched controls. Task irrelevant emotional faces (angry and neutral) were used as stimuli in a stop signal reaction time task. Regarding accuracy, patients showed significantly worse performance in neutral trials, while their performance in anger trials (stop and go) was similar to controls. Angry faces elicited faster response inhibition in both groups, underlining an emotional facilitation effect. Neurocognitive functions significantly correlated with accuracy in the stop signal task in schizophrenia patients, thus further strengthening the notion of the strong link between cognitive abilities and inhibition processes. Inhibitory control impairments are of high clinical interest due to their association with substance abuse, impulsive behavior and suicide. Based on our data, neutral faces significantly affect response inhibition in schizophrenia while an emotional facilitation effect was apparent for angry faces even in schizophrenia patients. Thus, our data further support the notion that neutral face processing is critically impaired in schizophrenia.
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Simon JJ, Wetzel A, Sinno MH, Skunde M, Bendszus M, Preissl H, Enck P, Herzog W, Friederich HC. Integration of homeostatic signaling and food reward processing in the human brain. JCI Insight 2017; 2:92970. [PMID: 28768906 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.92970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food intake is guided by homeostatic needs and by the reward value of food, yet the exact relation between the two remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of different metabolic states and hormonal satiety signaling on responses in neural reward networks. METHODS Twenty-three healthy participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a task distinguishing between the anticipation and the receipt of either food- or monetary-related reward. Every participant was scanned twice in a counterbalanced fashion, both during a fasted state (after 24 hours fasting) and satiety. A functional connectivity analysis was performed to investigate the influence of satiety signaling on activation in neural reward networks. Blood samples were collected to assess hormonal satiety signaling. RESULTS Fasting was associated with sensitization of the striatal reward system to the anticipation of food reward irrespective of reward magnitude. Furthermore, during satiety, individual ghrelin levels were associated with increased neural processing during the expectation of food-related reward. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that physiological hunger stimulates food consumption by specifically increasing neural processing during the expectation (i.e., incentive salience) but not the receipt of food-related reward. In addition, these findings suggest that ghrelin signaling influences hedonic-driven food intake by increasing neural reactivity during the expectation of food-related reward. These results provide insights into the neurobiological underpinnings of motivational processing and hedonic evaluation of food reward. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03081585. FUNDING This work was supported by the German Competence Network on Obesity, which is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (FKZ 01GI1122E).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe J Simon
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anne Wetzel
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Hamze Sinno
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mandy Skunde
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Bendszus
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hubert Preissl
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany; Internal Medicine VI and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Paul Enck
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Herzog
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Christoph Friederich
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Harms C, Jackel L, Montag C. Reliability and completion speed in online questionnaires under consideration of personality. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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50
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Schiffer B, Amelung T, Pohl A, Kaergel C, Tenbergen G, Gerwinn H, Mohnke S, Massau C, Matthias W, Weiß S, Marr V, Beier KM, Walter M, Ponseti J, Krüger THC, Schiltz K, Walter H. Gray matter anomalies in pedophiles with and without a history of child sexual offending. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1129. [PMID: 28509903 PMCID: PMC5534964 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pedophilia is a psychiatric disorder that is inter-related with but distinct from child sexual offending (CSO). Neural alterations reportedly contribute to both pedophilia and CSO, but until now, no study has distinguished the brain structural anomalies associated with pedophilia from those specifically associated with CSO in pedophilic men. Using high-resolution T1-weighted brain images and voxel-based morphometry, we analyzed the gray matter (GM) volume of the following 219 men recruited at four acquisition sites in Germany: 58 pedophiles with a history of CSO, 60 pedophiles without any history of CSO and 101 non-pedophilic, non-offending controls to control for the effects of age, education level, verbal IQ, sexual orientation and the acquisition site. Although there were no differences in the relative GM volume of the brain specifically associated with pedophilia, statistical parametric maps revealed a highly significant and CSO-related pattern of above vs below the 'normal' GM volume in the right temporal pole, with non-offending pedophiles exhibiting larger volumes than offending pedophiles. Moreover, regression analysis revealed that the lower GM volume of the dorsomedial prefrontal or anterior cingulate cortex was associated with a higher risk of re-offending in pedophilic child molesters. We believe our data provide the first evidence that CSO in pedophilia rather than pedophilia alone is associated with GM anomalies and thus shed new light on the results of previous studies on this topic. These results indicate the need for new neurobehavioral theories on pedophilia and CSO and may be potentially useful for treatment or prevention approaches that aim to reduce the risk of (re)offending in pedophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Schiffer
- Division of Forensic Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL-University Hospital, Bochum, Germany
- Institute of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - T Amelung
- Institute of Sexology and Sexual Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Pohl
- Institute of Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - C Kaergel
- Division of Forensic Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL-University Hospital, Bochum, Germany
- Institute of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - G Tenbergen
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Hannover, Germany
| | - H Gerwinn
- Institute of Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - S Mohnke
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Massau
- Division of Forensic Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL-University Hospital, Bochum, Germany
- Institute of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - W Matthias
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Hannover, Germany
| | - S Weiß
- Institute of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - V Marr
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department for Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - K M Beier
- Institute of Sexology and Sexual Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Walter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department for Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - J Ponseti
- Institute of Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - T H C Krüger
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Hannover, Germany
| | - K Schiltz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - H Walter
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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