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Guo C, Zhang K, Sun H, Zhu L, Zhang Y, Wang G, Li A, Bai Z, Liu L, Li C. Root Cortical Senescence Enhances Drought Tolerance in Cotton. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 39300935 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 09/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
The root cortical senescence (RCS) is closely associated with root absorptive function. However, characteristics and responses of RCS to drought stress in cotton have received little attention. This study subjected the drought-tolerant variety 'Guoxin 02' and the drought-sensitive variety 'Ji 228' to drought stress (8% PEG6000) and no-stress (0% PEG6000) treatments to determine the characteristics and responses of cotton RCS to drought stress. The results showed that the greater the distance from the root tip, the more severe the RCS occurrence under drought stress compared with non-stress treatment. The occurrence of RCS in 'Guoxin 02' increased by 14.03%-20.18% compared to 'Ji 228' under drought stress. The RCS was negatively correlated with root respiration but positively correlated with root length and leaf water potential. The silencing of RCS-related genes (GhSAG12 and GhbHLH121) can mitigate the drought-induced RCS phenomenon in cotton; however, reduced drought tolerance. Exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) treatment can promote RCS generation. Conversely, ABA synthesis exhibits contrasting effects. In summary, endogenous hormones regulated RCS, which reduced the root metabolic and seemingly achieved more resource redistribution to new roots, thereby fully utilize deep water resources. Thus, the study demonstrates the potential of RCS in improving the drought stress tolerance of cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Hongchun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Lingxiao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yongjiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Guiyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Anchang Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Zhiying Bai
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Liantao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Cundong Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
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Chen Z, Li X, He F, Liu B, Xu W, Chai L, Cheng X, Song L, Guo W, Hu Z, Su Z, Liu J, Xin M, Peng H, Yao Y, Sun Q, Xing J, Ni Z. Positional cloning and characterization reveal the role of TaSRN-3D and TaBSR1 in the regulation of seminal root number in wheat. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:2510-2523. [PMID: 38629267 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Seminal roots play a critical role in water and nutrient absorption, particularly in the early developmental stages of wheat. However, the genes responsible for controlling SRN in wheat remain largely unknown. Genetic mapping and functional analyses identified a candidate gene (TraesCS3D01G137200, TaSRN-3D) encoding a Ser/Thr kinase glycogen synthase kinase 3 (STKc_GSK3) that regulated SRN in wheat. Additionally, experiments involving hormone treatment, nitrate absorption and protein interaction were conducted to explore the regulatory mechanism of TaSRN-3D. Results showed that the TaSRN-3D4332 allele inhibited seminal roots initiation and development, while loss-of-function mutants showed significantly higher seminal root number (SRN). Exogenous application of epi-brassinolide could increase the SRN in a HS2-allelic background. Furthermore, chlorate sensitivity and 15N uptake assays revealed that a higher number of seminal roots promoted nitrate accumulation. TaBSR1 (BIN2-related SRN Regulator 1, orthologous to OsGRF4/GL2 in rice) acts as an interactor of TaSRN-3D and promotes TaBSR1 degradation to reduce SRN. This study provides valuable insights into understanding the genetic basis and regulatory network of SRN in wheat, highlighting their roles as potential targets for root-based improvement in wheat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyan Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuanshuang Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fei He
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weiya Xu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lingling Chai
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuejiao Cheng
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, CIC-MCP, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Long Song
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weilong Guo
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaorong Hu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhenqi Su
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingming Xin
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huiru Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yingyin Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qixin Sun
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiewen Xing
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Abebe G, Nebiyu A, Bantte K, Menamo T. Root system architecture variation among barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) accessions at seedling stage under soil acidity condition. PLANTA 2024; 259:145. [PMID: 38709313 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04424-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Soil acidity in Ethiopian highlands impacts barley production, affecting root system architecture. Study on 300 accessions showed significant trait variability, with potential for breeding enhancement. Soil acidity poses a significant challenge to crop production in the highland regions of Ethiopia, particularly impacting barley, a crucial staple crop. This acidity serves as a key stressor affecting the root system architecture (RSA) of this crop. Hence, the objective of this study was to assess the RSA traits variability under acidic soil conditions using 300 barley accessions in a greenhouse experiment. The analysis of variance indicated substantial variations among the accessions across all traits studied. The phenotypic coefficient of variation ranged from 24.4% for shoot dry weight to 11.1% for root length, while the genotypic coefficient variation varied between 18.83 and 9.2% for shoot dry weight and root length, respectively. The broad-sense heritability ranged from 36.7% for leaf area to 69.9% for root length, highlighting considerable heritability among multiple traits. The genetic advances as a percent of the mean ranged from 13.63 to 29.9%, suggesting potential for enhancement of these traits through breeding efforts. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into two major clusters, each containing varying numbers of genotypes with contrasting traits. This diverse group presents an opportunity to access a wide range of potential parent candidates to enhance genetic variablity in breeding programs. The Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant negative associations between root angle (RA) and other RSA traits. This helps indirect selection of accessions for further improvement in soil acidity. In conclusion, this study offers valuable insights into the RSA characteristics of barley in acidic soil conditions, aiding in the development of breeding strategies to enhance crop productivity in acidic soil environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girma Abebe
- Department of Horticulture and Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, P. O. Box: 307, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Department of Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Research, Bonga University, Bonga, Ethiopia
| | - Amsalu Nebiyu
- Department of Horticulture and Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, P. O. Box: 307, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Kassahun Bantte
- Department of Horticulture and Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, P. O. Box: 307, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Temesgen Menamo
- Department of Horticulture and Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, P. O. Box: 307, Jimma, Ethiopia.
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Guo C, Zhu L, Sun H, Han Q, Wang S, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Zhang K, Bai Z, Li A, Liu L, Li C. Evaluation of drought-tolerant varieties based on root system architecture in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:127. [PMID: 38383299 PMCID: PMC11295384 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04799-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Root system architecture (RSA) exhibits significant genetic variability and is closely associated with drought tolerance. However, the evaluation of drought-tolerant cotton cultivars based on RSA in the field conditions is still underexplored. RESULTS So, this study conducted a comprehensive analysis of drought tolerance based on physiological and morphological traits (i.e., aboveground and RSA, and yield) within a rain-out shelter, with two water treatments: well-watered (75 ± 5% soil relative water content) and drought stress (50 ± 5% soil relative water content). The results showed that principal component analysis identified six principal components, including highlighting the importance of root traits and canopy parameters in influencing drought tolerance. Moreover, the systematic cluster analysis was used to classify 80 cultivars into 5 categories, including drought-tolerant cultivars, relatively drought-tolerant cultivars, intermediate cultivars, relatively drought-sensitive cultivars, and drought-sensitive cultivars. Further validation of the drought tolerance index showed that the yield drought tolerance index and biomass drought tolerance index of the drought-tolerant cultivars were 8.97 and 5.05 times higher than those of the drought-sensitive cultivars, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The RSA of drought-tolerant cultivars was characterised by a significant increase in average length-all lateral roots, a significant decrease in average lateral root emergence angle and a moderate root/shoot ratio. In contrast, the drought-sensitive cultivars showed a significant decrease in average length-all lateral roots and a significant increase in both average lateral root emergence angle and root/shoot ratio. It is therefore more comprehensive and accurate to assess field crop drought tolerance by considering root performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province/College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, China
| | - Lingxiao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province/College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, China
| | - Hongchun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province/College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, China
| | - Qiucheng Han
- Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Handan, 056001, China
| | - Shijie Wang
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Jijie Zhu
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Yongjiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province/College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province/College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, China
| | - Zhiying Bai
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province/College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, China
| | - Anchang Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province/College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, China
| | - Liantao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province/College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, China.
| | - Cundong Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province/College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, China.
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Felouah OC, Ammad F, Adda A, Bouzid A, Gharnaout ML, Evon P, Merah O. Morpho-Anatomical Modulation of Seminal Roots in Response to Water Deficit in Durum Wheat ( Triticum turgidum var. durum). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:487. [PMID: 38498479 PMCID: PMC10892463 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The productivity of durum wheat in Mediterranean regions is greatly reduced by water deficits that vary in intensity and time of occurrence. The development of more tolerant cultivars is the main solution for fighting these stresses, but this requires prior study of their mechanisms. The involvement of the root system in drought avoidance is of major importance. It is in this context that the present work attempts to establish the impact of morpho-anatomical remodeling of seminal roots on dehydration avoidance at the javelina stage in five durum wheat genotypes grown under three water regimes, 100%, 60% and 30% of field capacity (FC). In the last two treatments, which were applied by stopping irrigation, moisture was concentrated mainly in the depths of the substrate cylinders and was accompanied by greater root elongation compared with the control. The elongation reached rates of 20 and 22% in the ACSAD 1231 genotype and 12 and 13% in the Waha genotype, in the 60% FC and 30% FC treatments respectively. The seminal roots anatomy was also modified by water deficit in all genotypes but to different degrees. The diameter of vessels in the late metaxylem vessels was reduced, reaching 17.3 and 48.2% in the Waha genotype in the 60% FC and 30% FC treatments, respectively. The water deficit also increased the number of vessels in the early metaxylem, while reducing the diameter of its conducting vessels. ACSAD 1361 and Langlois genotypes stood out with the highest rates of diameter reduction. The morpho-anatomical transformations of the roots contributed effectively to the plants' absorption of water and, consequently, to the maintenance of a fairly high relative water content, approaching 80%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oum Cheikh Felouah
- Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Nutrition in Semi-Arid Zones, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Ibn-Khaldoun, Tiaret 14000, Algeria (A.B.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology Applied to Aboveground Crops, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University-Ibn-Khaldoun, Tiaret 14000, Algeria
| | - Faiza Ammad
- Laboratoire de Recherché Protection et Valorisation des Produits Agrobiologiques, Departement de Biotechnologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la vie, Université Blida-1, BP 270, Blida 09000, Algeria;
| | - Ahmed Adda
- Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Nutrition in Semi-Arid Zones, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Ibn-Khaldoun, Tiaret 14000, Algeria (A.B.)
| | - Assia Bouzid
- Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Nutrition in Semi-Arid Zones, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Ibn-Khaldoun, Tiaret 14000, Algeria (A.B.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology Applied to Aboveground Crops, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University-Ibn-Khaldoun, Tiaret 14000, Algeria
| | | | - Philippe Evon
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-industrielle (LCA), Université de Toulouse, INRAe, INPT, 31030 Toulouse, France;
| | - Othmane Merah
- Département Génie Biologique, IUT A, Université Paul Sabatier, 32000 Auch, France;
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-industrielle (LCA), Université de Toulouse, INRAe, INPT, 31030 Toulouse, France;
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Guo C, Bao X, Sun H, Chen J, Zhu L, Zhang J, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Zhang K, Bai Z, Li A, Liu L, Li C. The crucial role of lateral root angle in enhancing drought resilience in cotton. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1358163. [PMID: 38375084 PMCID: PMC10875062 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1358163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Plant responses to drought stress are influenced by various factors, including the lateral root angle (LRA), stomatal regulation, canopy temperature, transpiration rate and yield. However, there is a lack of research that quantifies their interactions, especially among different cotton varieties. Methods This experiment included two water treatments: well-watered (75 ± 5% soil relative water content) and drought stress (50 ± 5% soil relative water content) starting from the three-leaf growth stage. Results The results revealed that different LRA varieties show genetic variation under drought stress. Among them, varieties with smaller root angles show greater drought tolerance. Varieties with smaller LRAs had significantly increased stomatal opening by 15% to 43%, transpiration rate by 61.24% and 62.00%, aboveground biomass by 54% to 64%, and increased seed cotton yield by 76% to 79%, and decreased canopy temperature by 9% to 12% under drought stress compared to the larger LRAs. Varieties with smaller LRAs had less yield loss under drought stress, which may be due to enhanced access to deeper soil water, compensating for heightened stomatal opening and elevated transpiration rates. The increase in transpiration rate promotes heat dissipation from leaves, thereby reducing leaf temperature and protecting leaves from damage. Discussion Demonstrating the advantages conferred by the development of a smaller LRA under drought stress conditions holds value in enhancing cotton's resilience and promoting its sustainable adaptation to abiotic stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Hongchun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Lingxiao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Jianhong Zhang
- Cotton Research Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haina Zhang
- Cotton Research Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yongjiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Zhiying Bai
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Anchang Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Liantao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Cundong Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
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Rahmati Ishka M, Julkowska M. Tapping into the plasticity of plant architecture for increased stress resilience. F1000Res 2023; 12:1257. [PMID: 38434638 PMCID: PMC10905174 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.140649.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant architecture develops post-embryonically and emerges from a dialogue between the developmental signals and environmental cues. Length and branching of the vegetative and reproductive tissues were the focus of improvement of plant performance from the early days of plant breeding. Current breeding priorities are changing, as we need to prioritize plant productivity under increasingly challenging environmental conditions. While it has been widely recognized that plant architecture changes in response to the environment, its contribution to plant productivity in the changing climate remains to be fully explored. This review will summarize prior discoveries of genetic control of plant architecture traits and their effect on plant performance under environmental stress. We review new tools in phenotyping that will guide future discoveries of genes contributing to plant architecture, its plasticity, and its contributions to stress resilience. Subsequently, we provide a perspective into how integrating the study of new species, modern phenotyping techniques, and modeling can lead to discovering new genetic targets underlying the plasticity of plant architecture and stress resilience. Altogether, this review provides a new perspective on the plasticity of plant architecture and how it can be harnessed for increased performance under environmental stress.
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Tateo F, Bononi M, Castorina G, Colecchia SA, De Benedetti S, Consonni G, Geuna F. Whole-genome resequencing-based characterization of a durum wheat landrace showing similarity to 'Senatore Cappelli'. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291430. [PMID: 37733684 PMCID: PMC10513328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum spp. durum) is a major cereal adopted since antiquity to feed humans. Due to its use, dating back several millennia, this species features a wide genetic diversity and landraces are considered important repositories of gene pools which constitute invaluable tools for breeders. The aim of this work is to provide a first characterization of a wheat landrace, referred to as 'TB2018', that was collected in the Apulia region (Southern Italy). 'TB2018' revealed, through visual inspection, characters reminiscent of the traditional variety 'Senatore Cappelli', while exhibiting a distinctive trait, i.e., reduced stature. Indeed, the comparison with a set of Italian durum wheat cultivars conducted in this study, in which 24 CPVO plant descriptors were adopted, placed the 'TB2018' landrace in proximity to the 'Senatore Cappelli' cultivar. In addition, the close similarity between the two genotypes was confirmed by the analysis of the seed protein pattern. A relative reduction was detected for 'TB2018' root elongation in the early stages of plant growth. The 'TB2018' genome sequence, obtained through low-coverage resequencing and comparison to the reference 'Svevo' cultivar is also reported in this study, followed by a genome-wide comparison against 259 durum wheat accessions that placed 'TB2018' close to the 'Cappelli' reference. Hundreds of genes putatively affected by variants that possess Gene Ontology descriptors were detected, among which some were shown to be putatively linked to the morphological traits that distinguish 'TB2018' from 'Senatore Cappelli', Overall, this study poses the basis for a possible exploitation of 'TB2018' per se in cultivation or as a source of alternative alleles in the breeding of traditional cultivars. This work also presents a genomic methodology that exploits the information contained in a low-depth, whole-genome sequence to derive genotypic data useful for cross-platform (chip data) comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Tateo
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy (DISAA), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Bononi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy (DISAA), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Castorina
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy (DISAA), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Antonio Colecchia
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Center for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), Foggia, Italy
| | - Stefano De Benedetti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Consonni
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy (DISAA), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Geuna
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy (DISAA), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Siddiqui N, Gabi MT, Kamruzzaman M, Ambaw AM, Teferi TJ, Dadshani S, Léon J, Ballvora A. Genetic dissection of root architectural plasticity and identification of candidate loci in response to drought stress in bread wheat. BMC Genom Data 2023; 24:38. [PMID: 37495985 PMCID: PMC10373353 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-023-01140-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The frequency of droughts has dramatically increased over the last 50 years, causing yield declines in cereals, including wheat. Crop varieties with efficient root systems show great potential for plant adaptation to drought stress, however; genetic control of root systems in wheat under field conditions is not yet well understood. RESULTS Natural variation in root architecture plasticity (phenotypic alteration due to changing environments) was dissected under field-based control (well-irrigated) and drought (rain-out shelter) conditions by a genome-wide association study using 200 diverse wheat cultivars. Our results revealed root architecture and plasticity traits were differentially responded to drought stress. A total of 25 marker-trait associations (MTAs) underlying natural variations in root architectural plasticity were identified in response to drought stress. They were abundantly distributed on chromosomes 1 A, 1B, 2 A, 2B, 3 A, 3B, 4B, 5 A, 5D, 7 A and 7B of the wheat genome. Gene ontology annotation showed that many candidate genes associated with plasticity were involved in water-transport and water channel activity, cellular response to water deprivation, scavenging reactive oxygen species, root growth and development and hormone-activated signaling pathway-transmembrane transport, indicating their response to drought stress. Further, in silico transcript abundance analysis demonstrated that root plasticity-associated candidate genes were highly expressed in roots across different root growth stages and under drought treatments. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that root phenotypic plasticity is highly quantitative, and the corresponding loci are associated with drought stress that may provide novel ways to enable root trait breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurealam Siddiqui
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES)-Plant Breeding, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Melesech T Gabi
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES)-Plant Breeding, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mohammad Kamruzzaman
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES)-Plant Breeding, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Abebaw M Ambaw
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES)-Plant Breeding, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tesfaye J Teferi
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES)-Plant Breeding, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Said Dadshani
- INRES-Plant Nutrition, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Léon
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES)-Plant Breeding, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Field Lab Campus Klein-Altendorf, University of Bonn, Klein-Altendorf 2, 53359, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Agim Ballvora
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES)-Plant Breeding, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
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10
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Bektas H, Hohn CE, Lukaszewski AJ, Waines JG. On the Possible Trade-Off between Shoot and Root Biomass in Wheat. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2513. [PMID: 37447071 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that under a limited water supply, a larger root biomass is associated with an increased above-ground biomass. Root biomass, while genetically controlled, is also greatly affected by the environment with varying plasticity levels. In this context, understanding the relationship between the biomass of shoots and roots appears prudent. In this study, we analyze this relationship in a large dataset collected from multiple experiments conducted up to different growth stages in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and its wild relatives. Four bread wheat mapping populations as well as wild and domesticated members of the Triticeae tribe were evaluated for the root and shoot biomass allocation patterns. In the analyzed dataset the root and shoot biomasses were directly related to each other, and to the heading date, and the correlation values increased in proportion to the length of an experiment. On average, 84.1% of the observed variation was explained by a positive correlation between shoot and root biomass. Scatter plots generated from 6353 data points from numerous experiments with different wheats suggest that at some point, further increases in root biomass negatively impact the shoot biomass. Based on these results, a preliminary study with different water availability scenarios and growth conditions was designed with two cultivars, Pavon 76 and Yecora Rojo. The duration of drought and water level significantly affected the root/shoot biomass allocation patterns. However, the responses of the two cultivars were quite different, suggesting that the point of diminishing returns in increasing root biomass may be different for different wheats, reinforcing the need to breed wheats for specific environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harun Bektas
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Siirt University, Siirt 56100, Turkey
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Christopher E Hohn
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Adam J Lukaszewski
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - John Giles Waines
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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11
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Cooper M, Messina CD. Breeding crops for drought-affected environments and improved climate resilience. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:162-186. [PMID: 36370076 PMCID: PMC9806606 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Breeding climate-resilient crops with improved levels of abiotic and biotic stress resistance as a response to climate change presents both opportunities and challenges. Applying the framework of the "breeder's equation," which is used to predict the response to selection for a breeding program cycle, we review methodologies and strategies that have been used to successfully breed crops with improved levels of drought resistance, where the target population of environments (TPEs) is a spatially and temporally heterogeneous mixture of drought-affected and favorable (water-sufficient) environments. Long-term improvement of temperate maize for the US corn belt is used as a case study and compared with progress for other crops and geographies. Integration of trait information across scales, from genomes to ecosystems, is needed to accurately predict yield outcomes for genotypes within the current and future TPEs. This will require transdisciplinary teams to explore, identify, and exploit novel opportunities to accelerate breeding program outcomes; both improved germplasm resources and improved products (cultivars, hybrids, clones, and populations) that outperform and replace the products in use by farmers, in combination with modified agronomic management strategies suited to their local environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Cooper
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Carlos D Messina
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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12
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Rebetzke GJ, Zhang H, Ingvordsen CH, Condon AG, Rich SM, Ellis MH. Genotypic variation and covariation in wheat seedling seminal root architecture and grain yield under field conditions. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:3247-3264. [PMID: 35925366 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Greater embryo size in a large and carefully phenotyped mapping population was genetically associated with a greater number of longer seminal roots to increase grain yield in droughted field environments. Breeding modification of root architecture is challenging in field environments owing to genetic and phenotypic complexity, and poor repeatability with root sampling. Seeds from a large mapping population varying in embryo size were harvested from a common glasshouse and standardised to a common size before assessing in rolled germination paper at 12 and 20 °C for seedling growth. Differences in genotype means were large and heritabilities high (h2 = 0.55-0.93) indicating strong and repeatable genotypic differences for most root traits. Seminal roots 1 to 3 were produced on all seedlings, whereas growth of seminal roots 4, 5 and 6 was associated with differences in embryo size. Increases in seminal root number from 4 to 6 per plant were strongly, genetically correlated with increases in total seminal length (rg = 0.84, < 0.01). Multivariate analysis confirmed initiation and growth of seminal roots 1, 2 and 3, and of roots 4, 5 and 6 behaved as genetically independent (rPg = 0.15 ns) cohorts. Tails representing extremes in seedling root length and number were associated with significant differences in grain yield of up to 35% in droughted field environments but were not different in irrigated environments. Increases in grain yield were linked to greater lengths of seminal roots 4, 5 and 6 and were largely independent of plant height or development. This is the first report on the genetic relationship of seedling root architecture and embryo size, and potential in selection of seminal root size for accessing deep-soil moisture in droughted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Rebetzke
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - H Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - C H Ingvordsen
- Australian Grain Technologies, PO Box 341, Roseworthy, SA, 5371, Australia
| | - A G Condon
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - S M Rich
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 147 Underwood Av, Floreat, WA, 6014, Australia
| | - M H Ellis
- Formerly CSIRO, Now 8 Avenue Piaton, Villeurbanne, France
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13
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Leigh FJ, Wright TIC, Horsnell RA, Dyer S, Bentley AR. Progenitor species hold untapped diversity for potential climate-responsive traits for use in wheat breeding and crop improvement. Heredity (Edinb) 2022; 128:291-303. [PMID: 35383318 PMCID: PMC9076643 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-022-00527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change will have numerous impacts on crop production worldwide necessitating a broadening of the germplasm base required to source and incorporate novel traits. Major variation exists in crop progenitor species for seasonal adaptation, photosynthetic characteristics, and root system architecture. Wheat is crucial for securing future food and nutrition security and its evolutionary history and progenitor diversity offer opportunities to mine favourable functional variation in the primary gene pool. Here we provide a review of the status of characterisation of wheat progenitor variation and the potential to use this knowledge to inform the use of variation in other cereal crops. Although significant knowledge of progenitor variation has been generated, we make recommendations for further work required to systematically characterise underlying genetics and physiological mechanisms and propose steps for effective use in breeding. This will enable targeted exploitation of useful variation, supported by the growing portfolio of genomics and accelerated breeding approaches. The knowledge and approaches generated are also likely to be useful across wider crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona J Leigh
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Tally I C Wright
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Richard A Horsnell
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Sarah Dyer
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Alison R Bentley
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK.
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico.
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14
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Colombo M, Roumet P, Salon C, Jeudy C, Lamboeuf M, Lafarge S, Dumas AV, Dubreuil P, Ngo W, Derepas B, Beauchêne K, Allard V, Le Gouis J, Rincent R. Genetic Analysis of Platform-Phenotyped Root System Architecture of Bread and Durum Wheat in Relation to Agronomic Traits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:853601. [PMID: 35401645 PMCID: PMC8992431 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.853601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Roots are essential for water and nutrient uptake but are rarely the direct target of breeding efforts. To characterize the genetic variability of wheat root architecture, the root and shoot traits of 200 durum and 715 bread wheat varieties were measured at a young stage on a high-throughput phenotyping platform. Heritability of platform traits ranged from 0.40 for root biomass in durum wheat to 0.82 for the number of tillers. Field phenotyping data for yield components and SNP genotyping were already available for all the genotypes. Taking differences in earliness into account, several significant correlations between root traits and field agronomic performances were found, suggesting that plants investing more resources in roots in some stressed environments favored water and nutrient uptake, with improved wheat yield. We identified 100 quantitative trait locus (QTLs) of root traits in the bread wheat panels and 34 in the durum wheat panel. Most colocalized with QTLs of traits measured in field conditions, including yield components and earliness for bread wheat, but only in a few environments. Stress and climatic indicators explained the differential effect of some platform QTLs on yield, which was positive, null, or negative depending on the environmental conditions. Modern breeding has led to deeper rooting but fewer seminal roots in bread wheat. The number of tillers has been increased in bread wheat, but decreased in durum wheat, and while the root-shoot ratio for bread wheat has remained stable, for durum wheat it has been increased. Breeding for root traits or designing ideotypes might help to maintain current yield while adapting to specific drought scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Colombo
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Roumet
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Salon
- Univ. Bourgogne, Agroecol Lab, Univ. Bourgogne Franche Comte, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Dijon, France
| | - Christian Jeudy
- Univ. Bourgogne, Agroecol Lab, Univ. Bourgogne Franche Comte, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Dijon, France
| | - Mickael Lamboeuf
- Univ. Bourgogne, Agroecol Lab, Univ. Bourgogne Franche Comte, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Dijon, France
| | | | | | | | - Wa Ngo
- INRAE-Universite Clermont-Auvergne, UMR 1095, GDEC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Brice Derepas
- INRAE-Universite Clermont-Auvergne, UMR 1095, GDEC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Vincent Allard
- INRAE-Universite Clermont-Auvergne, UMR 1095, GDEC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jacques Le Gouis
- INRAE-Universite Clermont-Auvergne, UMR 1095, GDEC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Renaud Rincent
- INRAE-Universite Clermont-Auvergne, UMR 1095, GDEC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- GQE-Le Moulon, INRAE, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Universite Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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15
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Isolation and Molecular Characterisation of TtDro1A and TtDro1B Genes from Triticum turgidum Subspecies durum and turgidum, Study of Their Influences on Seedling Root Angles. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11060821. [PMID: 35336704 PMCID: PMC8954752 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum, 2n = 4x = AABB) includes several subspecies with differential characteristics in their root system architecture (RSA). Subspecies durum has longer and more vertical roots, while subspecies turgidum has smaller and shallower roots. The homeologous genes TtDro1A and TtDro1B of both subspecies have been identified and found to differ in their sizes, sequences and the proteins they encode. To determine whether there is a relationship between the level of expression of these two genes and the angle adopted by the roots of durum wheat seedlings, their expressions has been studied by RT-qPCR, both in the primary seminal root and in the other seminal roots. The results of the analyses showed that the TtDro1A gene is expressed 1.4 times more in the primary seminal root than in the other seminal roots. Furthermore, this gene is expressed 2.49 to 8.76 times more than TtDro1B depending on root type (primary or seminal) and subspecies. There are positive correlations between the expression ratio of both genes (TtDro1A/TtDro1B) and the mean of all root angles, the most vertical root angle and the most horizontal root angle of the seedlings. The higher the expression of TtDro1B gene, the lower the root growth angles.
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16
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Ranjan A, Sinha R, Singla-Pareek SL, Pareek A, Singh AK. Shaping the root system architecture in plants for adaptation to drought stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13651. [PMID: 35174506 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Root system architecture plays an important role in plant adaptation to drought stress. The root system architecture (RSA) consists of several structural features, which includes number and length of main and lateral roots along with the density and length of root hairs. These features exhibit plasticity under water-limited environments and could be critical to developing crops with efficient root systems for adaptation under drought. Recent advances in the omics approaches have significantly improved our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of RSA remodeling under drought and the identification of genes and other regulatory elements. Plant response to drought stress at physiological, morphological, biochemical, and molecular levels in root cells is regulated by various phytohormones and their crosstalk. Stress-induced reactive oxygen species play a significant role in regulating root growth and development under drought stress. Several transcription factors responsible for the regulation of RSA under drought have proven to be beneficial for developing drought tolerant crops. Molecular breeding programs for developing drought-tolerant crops have been greatly benefitted by the availability of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with the RSA regulation. In the present review, we have discussed the role of various QTLs, signaling components, transcription factors, microRNAs and crosstalk among various phytohormones in shaping RSA and present future research directions to better understand various factors involved in RSA remodeling for adaptation to drought stress. We believe that the information provided herein may be helpful in devising strategies to develop crops with better RSA for efficient uptake and utilization of water and nutrients under drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Ranjan
- School of Genetic Engineering, ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, India
| | - Ragini Sinha
- School of Genetic Engineering, ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, India
| | - Sneh L Singla-Pareek
- Plant Stress Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Anil Kumar Singh
- School of Genetic Engineering, ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, India
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, LBS Centre, New Delhi, India
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17
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Ma J, Zhao D, Tang X, Yuan M, Zhang D, Xu M, Duan Y, Ren H, Zeng Q, Wu J, Han D, Li T, Jiang L. Genome-Wide Association Study on Root System Architecture and Identification of Candidate Genes in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031843. [PMID: 35163763 PMCID: PMC8836572 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The root tissues play important roles in water and nutrient acquisition, environmental adaptation, and plant development. In this study, a diversity panel of 388 wheat accessions was collected to investigate nine root system architecture (RSA) traits at the three-leaf stage under two growing environments: outdoor pot culture (OPC) and indoor pot culture (IPC). Phenotypic analysis revealed that root development was faster under OPC than that under IPC and a significant correlation was observed between the nine RSA traits. The 660K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip was used for a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Significant SNPs with a threshold of −log10 (p-value) ≥ 4 were considered. Thus, 36 quantitative trait loci (QTLs), including 13 QTL clusters that were associated with more than one trait, were detected, and 31 QTLs were first identified. The QTL clusters on chromosomes 3D and 5B were associated with four and five RSA traits, respectively. Two candidate genes, TraesCS2A01G516200 and TraesCS7B01G036900, were found to be associated with more than one RSA trait using haplotype analysis, and preferentially expressed in the root tissues. These favourable alleles for RSA traits identified in this study may be useful to optimise the root system in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Ma
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (J.M.); (D.Z.); (X.T.); (M.Y.); (D.Z.); (M.X.); (Y.D.); (H.R.)
| | - Dongyang Zhao
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (J.M.); (D.Z.); (X.T.); (M.Y.); (D.Z.); (M.X.); (Y.D.); (H.R.)
| | - Xiaoxiao Tang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (J.M.); (D.Z.); (X.T.); (M.Y.); (D.Z.); (M.X.); (Y.D.); (H.R.)
| | - Meng Yuan
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (J.M.); (D.Z.); (X.T.); (M.Y.); (D.Z.); (M.X.); (Y.D.); (H.R.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Q.Z.); (J.W.); (D.H.)
| | - Daijing Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (J.M.); (D.Z.); (X.T.); (M.Y.); (D.Z.); (M.X.); (Y.D.); (H.R.)
| | - Mengyuan Xu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (J.M.); (D.Z.); (X.T.); (M.Y.); (D.Z.); (M.X.); (Y.D.); (H.R.)
| | - Yingze Duan
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (J.M.); (D.Z.); (X.T.); (M.Y.); (D.Z.); (M.X.); (Y.D.); (H.R.)
| | - Haiyue Ren
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (J.M.); (D.Z.); (X.T.); (M.Y.); (D.Z.); (M.X.); (Y.D.); (H.R.)
| | - Qingdong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Q.Z.); (J.W.); (D.H.)
| | - Jianhui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Q.Z.); (J.W.); (D.H.)
| | - Dejun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Q.Z.); (J.W.); (D.H.)
| | - Tian Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (T.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Lina Jiang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (J.M.); (D.Z.); (X.T.); (M.Y.); (D.Z.); (M.X.); (Y.D.); (H.R.)
- Correspondence: (T.L.); (L.J.)
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18
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Li C, Li L, Reynolds MP, Wang J, Chang X, Mao X, Jing R. Recognizing the hidden half in wheat: root system attributes associated with drought tolerance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5117-5133. [PMID: 33783492 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Improving drought tolerance in wheat is crucial for maintaining productivity and food security. Roots are responsible for the uptake of water from soil, and a number of root traits are associated with drought tolerance. Studies have revealed many quantitative trait loci and genes controlling root development in plants. However, the genetic dissection of root traits in response to drought in wheat is still unclear. Here, we review crop root traits associated with drought, key genes governing root development in plants, and quantitative trait loci and genes regulating root system architecture under water-limited conditions in wheat. Deep roots, optimal root length density and xylem diameter, and increased root surface area are traits contributing to drought tolerance. In view of the diverse environments in which wheat is grown, the balance among root and shoot traits, as well as individual and population performance, are discussed. The known functions of key genes provide information for the genetic dissection of root development of wheat in a wide range of conditions, and will be beneficial for molecular marker development, marker-assisted selection, and genetic improvement in breeding for drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Long Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | | | - Jingyi Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoping Chang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinguo Mao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ruilian Jing
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Xu F, Chen S, Yang X, Zhou S, Wang J, Zhang Z, Huang Y, Song M, Zhang J, Zhan K, He D. Genome-Wide Association Study on Root Traits Under Different Growing Environments in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Front Genet 2021; 12:646712. [PMID: 34178022 PMCID: PMC8222912 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.646712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant roots are critical for water and nutrient acquisition, environmental adaptation, and yield formation. Herein, 196 wheat accessions from the Huang-Huai Wheat Region of China were collected to investigate six root traits at seedling stage under three growing environments [indoor hydroponic culture (IHC), outdoor hydroponic culture (OHC), and outdoor pot culture (OPC)] and the root dry weight (RDW) under OPC at four growth stages and four yield traits in four environments. Additionally, a genome-wide association study was performed with a Wheat 660K SNP Array. The results showed that the root traits varied most under OPC, followed by those under both OHC and IHC, and root elongation under hydroponic culture was faster than that under pot culture. Root traits under OHC might help predict those under OPC. Moreover, root traits were significantly negatively correlated with grain yield (GY) and grains per spike (GPS), positively correlated with thousand-kernel weight (TKW), and weakly correlated with number of spikes per area (SPA). Twelve stable chromosomal regions associated with the root traits were detected on chromosomes 1D, 2A, 4A, 4B, 5B, 6D, and unmapped markers. Among them, a stable chromosomal interval from 737.85 to 742.00 Mb on chromosome 4A, which regulated total root length (TRL), was identified under three growing environments. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) blocks were used to identify 27 genes related to root development. Three genes TraesCS4A02G484200, TraesCS4A02G484800, TraesCS4A02G493800, and TraesCS4A02G493900, are involved in cell elongation and differentiation and expressed at high levels in root tissues. Another vital co-localization interval on chromosome 5B (397.72–410.88 Mb) was associated with not only RDW under OHC and OPC but also TKW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengdan Xu
- Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy Henan Agricultural University, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shulin Chen
- Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy Henan Agricultural University, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiwen Yang
- Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy Henan Agricultural University, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sumei Zhou
- Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy Henan Agricultural University, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junsen Wang
- Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy Henan Agricultural University, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ziliang Zhang
- Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy Henan Agricultural University, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy Henan Agricultural University, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Miao Song
- Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy Henan Agricultural University, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Sciences and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Kehui Zhan
- Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy Henan Agricultural University, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dexian He
- Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy Henan Agricultural University, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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20
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Hendel E, Bacher H, Oksenberg A, Walia H, Schwartz N, Peleg Z. Deciphering the genetic basis of wheat seminal root anatomy uncovers ancestral axial conductance alleles. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1921-1934. [PMID: 33629405 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Root axial conductance, which describes the ability of water to move through the xylem, contributes to the rate of water uptake from the soil throughout the whole plant lifecycle. Under the rainfed wheat agro-system, grain-filling is typically occurring during declining water availability (i.e., terminal drought). Therefore, preserving soil water moisture during grain filling could serve as a key adaptive trait. We hypothesized that lower wheat root axial conductance can promote higher yields under terminal drought. A segregating population derived from a cross between durum wheat and its direct progenitor wild emmer wheat was used to underpin the genetic basis of seminal root architectural and functional traits. We detected 75 QTL associated with seminal roots morphological, anatomical and physiological traits, with several hotspots harbouring co-localized QTL. We further validated the axial conductance and central metaxylem QTL using wild introgression lines. Field-based characterization of genotypes with contrasting axial conductance suggested the contribution of low axial conductance as a mechanism for water conservation during grain filling and consequent increase in grain size and yield. Our findings underscore the potential of harnessing wild alleles to reshape the wheat root system architecture and associated hydraulic properties for greater adaptability under changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisha Hendel
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- The Institute of Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Harel Bacher
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Adi Oksenberg
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Harkamal Walia
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Nimrod Schwartz
- The Institute of Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Zvi Peleg
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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21
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Fatima I, Gao Y, Xu X, Jin J, Duan S, Zhen W, Xie C, Ma J. Genome-Wide Association Mapping of Seedling Biomass and Root Traits Under Different Water Conditions in Wheat. Front Genet 2021; 12:663557. [PMID: 33912219 PMCID: PMC8072265 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.663557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is a major threat to global wheat production. In this study, an association panel containing 200 Chinese wheat germplasms was used for genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of genetic loci associated with eight root and seedling biomass traits under normal water and osmotic stress conditions. The following traits were investigated in wheat seedlings at the four-leaf stage: root length (RL), root number (RN), root fresh weight (RFW), root dry weight (RDW), shoot fresh weight (SFW), shoot dry weight (SDW), total fresh weight (TFW), and total dry weight (TDW). A total of 323 and 286 SNPs were detected under two water environments, respectively. Some of these SNPs were near known loci for root traits. Eleven SNPs on chromosomes 1B, 2B, 4B, and 2D had pleiotropic effects on multiple traits under different water conditions. Further analysis indicated that several genes located inside the 4 Mb LD block on each side of these 11 SNPs were known to be associated with plant growth and development and thus may be candidate genes for these loci. Results from this study increased our understanding of the genetic architecture of root and seedling biomass traits under different water conditions and will facilitate the development of varieties with better drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iza Fatima
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yutian Gao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangru Xu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Jin
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shuonan Duan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenchao Zhen
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Chaojie Xie
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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22
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Siddiqui MN, Léon J, Naz AA, Ballvora A. Genetics and genomics of root system variation in adaptation to drought stress in cereal crops. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:1007-1019. [PMID: 33096558 PMCID: PMC7904151 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cereals are important crops worldwide that help meet food demands and nutritional needs. In recent years, cereal production has been challenged globally by frequent droughts and hot spells. A plant's root is the most relevant organ for the plant adaptation to stress conditions, playing pivotal roles in anchorage and the acquisition of soil-based resources. Thus, dissecting root system variations and trait selection for enhancing yield and sustainability under drought stress conditions should aid in future global food security. This review highlights the variations in root system attributes and their interplay with shoot architecture features to face water scarcity and maintain thus yield of major cereal crops. Further, we compile the root-related drought responsive quantitative trait loci/genes in cereal crops including their interspecies relationships using microsynteny to facilitate comparative genomic analyses. We then discuss the potential of an integrated strategy combining genomics and phenomics at genetic and epigenetic levels to explore natural genetic diversity as a basis for knowledge-based genome editing. Finally, we present an outline to establish innovative breeding leads for the rapid and optimized selection of root traits necessary to develop resilient crop varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nurealam Siddiqui
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES) – Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Jens Léon
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES) – Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ali A Naz
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES) – Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Agim Ballvora
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES) – Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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23
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Quandahor P, Gou Y, Lin C, Coulter JA, Liu C. Comparison of root tolerance to drought and aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) resistance among different potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars. Sci Rep 2021; 11:628. [PMID: 33436688 PMCID: PMC7804153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79766-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the root system architecture and biochemical responses of three potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars to drought and aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) infestation under greenhouse conditions. A factorial experiment comprising three potato cultivars (Qingshu 9, Longshu 3, and Atlantic), two levels of water (Well watered and drought) application and aphid infestation (Aphids and no aphids) was conducted. The results show that drought stress and aphid infestation significantly increased the root-projected area, root surface area, number of root tips, and number of root forks of all cultivars, relative to their corresponding control plants. The least root projected area, root surface area, number of root tips, and number of root forks occurred on DXY under both drought and aphid infestation. Nevertheless, the greatest root projected area, root surface area, number of root tips and number of root forks occurred on QS9 plants. Moreover, increased SOD, CAT, and POD activities were observed across all cultivars, under drought and aphid stress. The highest SOD, POD, and CAT activities occurred in QS9; under drought and aphid stress, while the least SOD, POD, and CAT activities was observed in DXY. The Atlantic cultivar, which possesses a root system sensitive to water deficit, demonstrated greater resistance to aphid infestation under well-watered and drought-stressed conditions. Conversely, Qingshu 9, which possesses a root system tolerant to water deficit, was highly susceptible to aphids. This study shows that the root architectural and biochemical traits that enhance potato tolerance to drought do not necessarily correlate to a plant's tolerance to aphids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Quandahor
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, No. 1 Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuping Gou
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, No. 1 Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Lin
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, No. 1 Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jeffrey A Coulter
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| | - Changzhong Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, No. 1 Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Xu F, Chen S, Yang X, Zhou S, Chen X, Li J, Zhan K, He D. Genome-Wide Association Study on Seminal and Nodal Roots of Wheat Under Different Growth Environments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:602399. [PMID: 33505411 PMCID: PMC7829178 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.602399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The root of wheat consists of seminal and nodal roots. Comparatively speaking, fewer studies have been carried out on the nodal root system because of its disappearance at the early seedling stage under indoor environments. In this study, 196 accessions from the Huanghuai Wheat Region (HWR) were used to identify the characteristics of seminal and nodal root traits under different growth environments, including indoor hydroponic culture (IHC), outdoor hydroponic culture (OHC), and outdoor pot culture (OPC), for three growing seasons. The results indicated that the variation range of root traits in pot environment was larger than that in hydroponic environment, and canonical coefficients were the greatest between OHC and OPC (0.86) than those in other two groups, namely, IHC vs. OPC (0.48) and IHC vs. OHC (0.46). Most root traits were negatively correlated with spikes per area (SPA), grains per spike (GPS), and grain yield (GY), while all the seminal root traits were positively correlated with thousand-kernel weight (TKW). Genome-wide association study (GWAS) was carried out on root traits by using a wheat 660K SNP array. A total of 35 quantitative trait loci (QTLs)/chromosomal segments associated with root traits were identified under OPC and OHC. In detail, 11 and 24 QTLs were significantly associated with seminal root and nodal root traits, respectively. Moreover, 13 QTLs for number of nodal roots per plant (NRP) containing 14 stable SNPs, were distributed on chromosomes 1B, 2B, 3A, 4B, 5D, 6D, 7A, 7B, and Un. Based on LD and bioinformatics analysis, these QTLs may contain 17 genes closely related to NRP. Among them, TraesCS2B02G552500 and TraesCS7A02G428300 were highly expressed in root tissues. Moreover, the frequencies of favorable alleles of these 14 SNPs were confirmed to be less than 70% in the natural population, suggesting that the utilization of these superior genes in wheat root is still improving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengdan Xu
- College of Agronomy of Henan Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat/Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shulin Chen
- College of Agronomy of Henan Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat/Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiwen Yang
- College of Agronomy of Henan Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat/Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sumei Zhou
- College of Agronomy of Henan Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat/Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xu Chen
- College of Agronomy of Henan Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat/Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Agronomy, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Kehui Zhan
- College of Agronomy of Henan Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat/Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dexian He
- College of Agronomy of Henan Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat/Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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25
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Alemu A, Feyissa T, Maccaferri M, Sciara G, Tuberosa R, Ammar K, Badebo A, Acevedo M, Letta T, Abeyo B. Genome-wide association analysis unveils novel QTLs for seminal root system architecture traits in Ethiopian durum wheat. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:20. [PMID: 33407083 PMCID: PMC7789649 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07320-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic improvement of root system architecture is essential to improve water and nutrient use efficiency of crops or to boost their productivity under stress or non-optimal soil conditions. One hundred ninety-two Ethiopian durum wheat accessions comprising 167 historical landraces and 25 modern cultivars were assembled for GWAS analysis to identify QTLs for root system architecture (RSA) traits and genotyped with a high-density 90 K wheat SNP array by Illumina. RESULTS Using a non-roll, paper-based root phenotyping platform, a total of 2880 seedlings and 14,947 seminal roots were measured at the three-leaf stage to collect data for total root length (TRL), total root number (TRN), root growth angle (RGA), average root length (ARL), bulk root dry weight (RDW), individual root dry weight (IRW), bulk shoot dry weight (SDW), presence of six seminal roots per seedling (RT6) and root shoot ratio (RSR). Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences between accessions for all RSA traits. Four major (- log10P ≥ 4) and 34 nominal (- log10P ≥ 3) QTLs were identified and grouped in 16 RSA QTL clusters across chromosomes. A higher number of significant RSA QTL were identified on chromosome 4B particularly for root vigor traits (root length, number and/or weight). CONCLUSIONS After projecting the identified QTLs on to a high-density tetraploid consensus map along with previously reported RSA QTL in both durum and bread wheat, fourteen nominal QTLs were found to be novel and could potentially be used to tailor RSA in elite lines. The major RGA QTLs on chromosome 6AL detected in the current study and reported in previous studies is a good candidate for cloning the causative underlining sequence and identifying the beneficial haplotypes able to positively affect yield under water- or nutrient-limited conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Admas Alemu
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. .,Department of Biology, Debre Tabor University, Debra Tabor, Ethiopia.
| | - Tileye Feyissa
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Marco Maccaferri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sciara
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Tuberosa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Karim Ammar
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Ayele Badebo
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Maricelis Acevedo
- International Programs, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Tesfaye Letta
- Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Bekele Abeyo
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Zheng C, Shen F, Wang Y, Wu T, Xu X, Zhang X, Han Z. Intricate genetic variation networks control the adventitious root growth angle in apple. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:852. [PMID: 33261554 PMCID: PMC7709433 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The root growth angle (RGA) typically determines plant rooting depth, which is significant for plant anchorage and abiotic stress tolerance. Several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for RGA have been identified in crops. However, the underlying mechanisms of the RGA remain poorly understood, especially in apple rootstocks. The objective of this study was to identify QTLs, validate genetic variation networks, and develop molecular markers for the RGA in apple rootstock. Results Bulked segregant analysis by sequencing (BSA-seq) identified 25 QTLs for RGA using 1955 hybrids of the apple rootstock cultivars ‘Baleng Crab’ (Malus robusta Rehd., large RGA) and ‘M9’ (M. pumila Mill., small RGA). With RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and parental resequencing, six major functional genes were identified and constituted two genetic variation networks for the RGA. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the MdLAZY1 promoter damaged the binding sites of MdDREB2A and MdHSFB3, while one SNP of MdDREB2A and MdIAA1 affected the interactions of MdDREB2A/MdHSFB3 and MdIAA1/MdLAZY1, respectively. A SNP within the MdNPR5 promoter damaged the interaction between MdNPR5 and MdLBD41, while one SNP of MdLBD41 interrupted the MdLBD41/MdbHLH48 interaction that affected the binding ability of MdLBD41 on the MdNPR5 promoter. Twenty six SNP markers were designed on candidate genes in each QTL interval, and the marker effects varied from 0.22°-26.11°. Conclusions Six diagnostic markers, SNP592, G122, b13, Z312, S1272, and S1288, were used to identify two intricate genetic variation networks that control the RGA and may provide new insights into the accuracy of the molecular markers. The QTLs and SNP markers can potentially be used to select deep-rooted apple rootstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Zheng
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fei Shen
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ting Wu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinzhong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Zhenhai Han
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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27
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Griffiths CA, Reynolds MP, Paul MJ. Combining yield potential and drought resilience in a spring wheat diversity panel. Food Energy Secur 2020; 9:e241. [PMID: 33391733 PMCID: PMC7771037 DOI: 10.1002/fes3.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pressures of population growth and climate change require the development of resilient higher yielding crops, particularly to drought. A spring wheat diversity panel was developed to combine high-yield potential with resilience. To assess performance under drought, which in many environments is intermittent and dependent on plant development, 150 lines were grown with drought imposed for 10 days either at jointing or at anthesis stages in Obregon, Mexico. Both drought treatments strongly reduced grain numbers compared with the fully irrigated check. Best performers under drought at jointing had more grain than poor performers, while best performers under drought at anthesis had larger grain than poor performers. Most high-yielding lines were high yielding in one drought environment only. However, some of the best-performing lines displayed yield potential and resilience across two environments (28 lines), particularly for yield under well-watered and drought at jointing, where yield was most related to grain numbers. Strikingly, only three lines were high yielding across all three environments, and interestingly, these lines had high grain numbers. Among parameters measured in leaves and grain, leaf relative water content did not correlate with yield, and proline was negatively correlated with yield; there were small but significant relationships between leaf sugars and yield. This study provides a valuable resource for further crosses and for elucidating genes and mechanisms that may contribute to grain number and grain filling conservation to combine yield potential and drought resilience.
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28
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Libao C, Yuyan H, Minrong Z, Xiaoyong X, Zhiguang S, Chunfei W, Shuyan L, Zhubing H. Gene expression profiling reveals the effects of light on adventitious root formation in lotus seedlings (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.). BMC Genomics 2020; 21:707. [PMID: 33045982 PMCID: PMC7552355 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lotus is an aquatic horticultural crop that is widely cultivated in most regions of China and is used as an important off-season vegetable. The principal root of lotus is degenerated, and adventitious roots (ARs) are irreplaceable for plant growth. We found that no ARs formed under darkness and that exposure to high-intensity light significantly promoted the development of root primordia. Four differential expression libraries based on three light intensities were constructed to monitor metabolic changes, especially in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and sugar metabolism. RESULTS AR formation was significantly affected by light, and high light intensity accelerated AR development. Metabolic changes during AR formation under different light intensities were evaluated using gene expression profiling by high-throughput tag-sequencing. More than 2.2 × 104 genes were obtained in each library; the expression level of most genes was between 0.01 and 100 (FPKF value). Libraries constructed from plants grown under darkness (D/CK), under 5000 lx (E/CK), and under 20,000 lx (F/CK) contained 1739, 1683, and 1462 upregulated genes and 1533, 995, and 834 downregulated genes, respectively, when compared to those in the initial state (CK). Additionally, we found that 1454 and 478 genes had altered expression in a comparison of libraries D/CK and F/CK. Gene transcription between libraries D/F ranged from a 5-fold decrease to a 5-fold increase. Twenty differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were involved in the signal transduction pathway, 28 DEGs were related to the IAA response, and 35 DEGs were involved in sugar metabolism. We observed that the IAA content was enhanced after seed germination, even in darkness; this was responsible for AR formation. We also observed that sucrose could eliminate the negative effect of 150 μMol IAA during AR development. CONCLUSIONS AR formation was regulated by IAA, even in the dark, where induction and developmental processes could also be completed. In addition, 36 genes displayed altered expression in carbohydrate metabolism and ucrose metabolism was involved in AR development (expressed stage) according to gene expression and content change characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Libao
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Han Yuyan
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Zhao Minrong
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Xu Xiaoyong
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Shen Zhiguang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - Wang Chunfei
- Henghui Food Co., Ltd of Yancheng, Kaifeng, 224700 China
| | - Li Shuyan
- College of Guangling, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Hu Zhubing
- Henghui Food Co., Ltd of Yancheng, Kaifeng, 224700 China
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Rich SM, Christopher J, Richards R, Watt M. Root phenotypes of young wheat plants grown in controlled environments show inconsistent correlation with mature root traits in the field. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:4751-4762. [PMID: 32347952 PMCID: PMC7410186 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Using a field to lab approach, mature deep-rooting traits in wheat were correlated to root phenotypes measured on young plants from controlled conditions. Mature deep-rooting root traits of 20 wheat genotypes at maturity were established via coring in three field trials across 2 years. Field traits were correlated to phenotypes expressed by the 20 genotypes after growth in four commonly used lab screens: (i) soil tubes for root emergence, elongation, length, and branching at four ages to 34 days after sowing (DAS); (ii) paper pouches 7 DAS and (iii) agar chambers for primary root (PR) number and angles at 8 DAS; and (iv) soil baskets for PR and nodal root (NR) number and angle at 42 DAS. Correlations between lab and field root traits (r2=0.45-0.73) were highly inconsistent, with many traits uncorrelated and no one lab phenotype correlating similarly across three field experiments. Phenotypes most positively associated with deep field roots were: longest PR and NR axiles from the soil tube screen at 20 DAS; and narrow PR angle and wide NR angle from soil baskets at 42 DAS. Paper and agar PR angles were positively and significantly correlated to each other, but only wide outer PRs in the paper screen correlated positively to shallower field root traits. NR phenotypes in soil baskets were not predicted by PR phenotypes in any screen, suggesting independent developmental controls and value in measuring both root types in lab screens. Strong temporal and edaphic effects on mature root traits, and a lack of understanding of root trait changes during plant development, are major challenges in creating controlled-environment root screens for mature root traits in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Rich
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jack Christopher
- University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agricultural and Food Innovation, Leslie Research Centre, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Michelle Watt
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra ACT, Australia
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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30
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Paul MJ, Watson A, Griffiths CA. Linking fundamental science to crop improvement through understanding source and sink traits and their integration for yield enhancement. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2270-2280. [PMID: 31665486 PMCID: PMC7134924 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Understanding processes in sources and sinks that contribute to crop yields has taken years of painstaking research. For crop yield improvement, processes need to be understood as standalone mechanisms in addition to how these mechanisms perform at the crop level; currently there is often a chasm between the two. Fundamental mechanisms need to be considered in the context of crop ideotypes and the agricultural environment which is often more water limited than carbon limited. Different approaches for improvement should be considered, namely is there genetic variation? Or if not, could genetic modification, genome editing, or alternative approaches be utilized? Currently, there are few examples where genetic modification has improved intrinsic yield in the field for commercial application in a major crop. Genome editing, particularly of negative yield regulators as a first step, is providing new opportunities. Here we highlight key mechanisms in source and sink, arguing that for large yield increases integration of key processes is likely to produce the biggest successes within the framework of crop ideotypes with optimized phenology. We highlight a plethora of recent papers that show breakthroughs in fundamental science and the promise of the trehalose 6-phosphate signalling pathway, which regulates carbohydrate allocation which is key for many crop traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Paul
- Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Amy Watson
- Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Cara A Griffiths
- Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
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31
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Atkinson JA, Hawkesford MJ, Whalley WR, Zhou H, Mooney SJ. Soil strength influences wheat root interactions with soil macropores. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020. [PMID: 31600410 DOI: 10.1111/pce:13659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Deep rooting is critical for access to water and nutrients found in subsoil. However, damage to soil structure and the natural increase in soil strength with depth, often impedes root penetration. Evidence suggests that roots use macropores (soil cavities greater than 75 μm) to bypass strong soil layers. If roots have to exploit structures, a key trait conferring deep rooting will be the ability to locate existing pore networks; a trait called trematotropism. In this study, artificial macropores were created in repacked soil columns at bulk densities of 1.6 g cm-3 and 1.2 g cm-3 , representing compact and loose soil. Near isogenic lines of wheat, Rht-B1a and Rht-B1c, were planted and root-macropore interactions were visualized and quantified using X-ray computed tomography. In compact soil, 68.8% of root-macropore interactions resulted in pore colonization, compared with 12.5% in loose soil. Changes in root growth trajectory following pore interaction were also quantified, with 21.0% of roots changing direction (±3°) in loose soil compared with 76.0% in compact soil. These results indicate that colonization of macropores is an important strategy of wheat roots in compacted subsoil. Management practices to reduce subsoil compaction and encourage macropore formation could offer significant advantage in helping wheat roots penetrate deeper into subsoil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Atkinson
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | | | | | - Hu Zhou
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, P.R. China
| | - Sacha J Mooney
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
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32
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Atkinson JA, Hawkesford MJ, Whalley WR, Zhou H, Mooney SJ. Soil strength influences wheat root interactions with soil macropores. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:235-245. [PMID: 31600410 PMCID: PMC7027857 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Deep rooting is critical for access to water and nutrients found in subsoil. However, damage to soil structure and the natural increase in soil strength with depth, often impedes root penetration. Evidence suggests that roots use macropores (soil cavities greater than 75 μm) to bypass strong soil layers. If roots have to exploit structures, a key trait conferring deep rooting will be the ability to locate existing pore networks; a trait called trematotropism. In this study, artificial macropores were created in repacked soil columns at bulk densities of 1.6 g cm-3 and 1.2 g cm-3 , representing compact and loose soil. Near isogenic lines of wheat, Rht-B1a and Rht-B1c, were planted and root-macropore interactions were visualized and quantified using X-ray computed tomography. In compact soil, 68.8% of root-macropore interactions resulted in pore colonization, compared with 12.5% in loose soil. Changes in root growth trajectory following pore interaction were also quantified, with 21.0% of roots changing direction (±3°) in loose soil compared with 76.0% in compact soil. These results indicate that colonization of macropores is an important strategy of wheat roots in compacted subsoil. Management practices to reduce subsoil compaction and encourage macropore formation could offer significant advantage in helping wheat roots penetrate deeper into subsoil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A. Atkinson
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington CampusLoughboroughLE12 5RDUK
| | | | | | - Hu Zhou
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington CampusLoughboroughLE12 5RDUK
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable AgricultureInstitute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing210008P.R. China
| | - Sacha J. Mooney
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington CampusLoughboroughLE12 5RDUK
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33
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Anzooman M, Christopher J, Dang YP, Taylor J, Menzies NW, Kopittke PM. Chemical and physical influence of sodic soils on the coleoptile length and root growth angle of wheat genotypes. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 124:1043-1052. [PMID: 31175829 PMCID: PMC6881227 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS High exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and bulk density of sodic soils can reduce seedling emergence. This study examined variation in seedling coleoptile length and seminal root angle of wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) genotypes to determine whether these traits vary between genotypes that differ in their tolerance to sodic soils. METHODS Wheat genotypes were grown in three different experiments. First, four wheat genotypes were grown using soils of three ESPs (4, 10 and 17 %) and secondly in soils of three different bulk densities (1.2, 1.4 and 1.5 g cm-3) and ESP 10 %. Thirdly, seedling coleoptile length and seminal root angle were determined for 16 genotypes grown in a soil of ESP 10 % and bulk density 1.2 g cm-2. Seminal root angle and coleoptile length measurements from the current study were compared with seedling emergence rate and force measured previously. KEY RESULTS The seedling coleoptile length of all genotypes decreased with increasing soil ESP and bulk density, but with no significant differences between genotypes. In contrast, seminal root angles differed significantly between genotypes, but were not significantly affected by ESP or bulk density. There was an inverse relationship between the seminal root angle of the 16 genotypes and seedling emergence rate (R2 = 0.89) and also between seminal root angle and seedling emergence force (R2 = 0.61). CONCLUSIONS Lack of significant variation in coleoptile length between genotypes suggests that this may not be a suitable characteristic to identify wheat tolerance to sodic conditions. However, a narrower seminal root angle was correlated with rate and force of seedling emergence, traits likely to improve establishment. The mechanism underlying this correlation is not yet clear. Genotypes with a narrow root angle had greater root depth. One possible mechanism might be that genotypes with narrow root angles were able to take up more soil moisture at depth, leading to a higher proportion of seedling emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monia Anzooman
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jack Christopher
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agricultural and Food Innovation, Leslie Research Facility, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yash P Dang
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Julian Taylor
- The University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Neal W Menzies
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter M Kopittke
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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34
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Paez-Garcia A, Liao F, Blancaflor EB. Two Wheat Cultivars with Contrasting Post-Embryonic Root Biomass Differ in Shoot Re-Growth after Defoliation: Implications for Breeding Grazing Resilient Forages. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E470. [PMID: 31684089 PMCID: PMC6918441 DOI: 10.3390/plants8110470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The ability of forages to quickly resume aboveground growth after grazing is a trait that enables farmers to better manage their livestock for maximum profitability. Leaf removal impairs root growth. As a consequence of a deficient root system, shoot re-growth is inhibited leading to poor pasture performance. Despite the importance of roots for forage productivity, they have not been considered as breeding targets for improving grazing resilience due in large part to the lack of knowledge on the relationship between roots and aboveground biomass re-growth. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) is extensively used as forage source in temperate climates worldwide. Here, we investigated the impact of leaf clipping on specific root traits, and how these influence shoot re-growth in two winter wheat cultivars (i.e., Duster and Cheyenne) with contrasting root and shoot biomass. We found that root growth angle and post-embryonic root growth in both cultivars are strongly influenced by defoliation. We discovered that Duster, which had less post-embryonic roots before defoliation, reestablished its root system faster after leaf cutting compared with Cheyenne, which had a more extensive pre-defoliation post-embryonic root system. Rapid resumption of root growth in Duster after leaf clipping was associated with faster aboveground biomass re-growth even after shoot overcutting. Taken together, our results suggest that lower investments in the production of post-embryonic roots presents an important ideotype to consider when breeding for shoot re-growth vigor in dual purpose wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fuqi Liao
- Enterprise System and Informatics Department. Noble Research Institute LLC, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA.
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35
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White PJ. Root traits benefitting crop production in environments with limited water and nutrient availability. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 124:mcz162. [PMID: 31599920 PMCID: PMC6881216 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breeding for advantageous root traits will play a fundamental role in improving the efficiency of water and nutrient acquisition, closing yield gaps, and underpinning the "Evergreen Revolution" that must match crop production with human demand. SCOPE This preface provides an overview of a Special Issue of Annals of Botany on "Root traits benefitting crop production in environments with limited water and nutrient availability". The first papers in the Special Issue examine how breeding for reduced shoot stature and greater harvest index during the Green Revolution affected root system architecture. It is observed that reduced plant height and root architecture are inherited independently and can be improved simultaneously to increase the acquisition and utilisation of carbon, water and mineral nutrients. These insights are followed by papers examining beneficial root traits for resource acquisition in environments with limited water or nutrient availability, such as deep rooting, control of hydraulic conductivity, formation of aerenchyma, proliferation of lateral roots and root hairs, foraging of nutrient-rich patches, manipulation of rhizosphere pH and the exudation of low molecular weight organic solutes. The Special Issue concludes with papers exploring the interactions of plant roots and microorganisms, highlighting the need for plants to control the symbiotic relationships between mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia to achieve maximal growth, and the roles of plants and microbes in the modification and development of soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J White
- Ecological Science Group, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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36
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Li T, Ma J, Zou Y, Chen G, Ding P, Zhang H, Yang C, Mu Y, Tang H, Liu Y, Jiang Q, Chen G, Qi P, Wei Y, Zheng Y, Lan X. Quantitative trait loci for seeding root traits and the relationships between root and agronomic traits in common wheat. Genome 2019; 63:27-36. [PMID: 31580743 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2019-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A completely developed and vigorous root system can provide a stable platform for aboveground plant organs. To identify loci controlling root traits that could be used in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding, 199 recombinant inbred lines were used to measure and analyze eight root traits. A total of 18 quantitative trait loci (QTL) located on chromosomes 1A, 2A, 2B, 2D, 4B, 4D, 6A, 7A, and 7B were identified. The phenotypic variation explained by these 18 QTL ranged from 3.27% to 11.75%, and the logarithm of odds scores ranged from 2.50 to 6.58. A comparison of physical intervals indicated several new QTL for root traits were identified. In addition, significant correlations between root and agronomic traits were detected and discussed. The results presented in this study, along with those of previous reports, suggest that chromosomes 2 and 7 likely play important roles in the growth and development of wheat roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Jian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Yaya Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Guangdeng Chen
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Puyang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Congcong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Yang Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Huaping Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Yaxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Qiantao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Guoyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Yuming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Youliang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Xiujin Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
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37
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Wang J, Kuang L, Wang X, Liu G, Dun X, Wang H. Temporal genetic patterns of root growth in Brassica napus L. revealed by a low-cost, high-efficiency hydroponic system. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:2309-2323. [PMID: 31101925 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03356-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Application of a low-cost and high-efficiency hydroponic system in a rapeseed population verified two types of genetic factors ("persistent" and "stage-specific") that control root development. The root system is a vital plant component for nutrient and water acquisition and is targeted to enhance plant productivity. Genetic dissection of the root system generally focuses on a single stage, but roots grow continuously during plant development. To reveal the temporal genetic patterns of root development, we measured nine root-related traits in a rapeseed recombinant inbred line population at six continuous stages during vegetative growth, using a modified hydroponic system with low-cost and high-efficiency features that could synchronize plant growth under controlled conditions. Phenotypic correlation and growth dynamic analysis suggested the existence of two types of genetic factors ("persistent" and "stage-specific") that control root development. Dynamic (unconditional and conditional) quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping detected 28 stage-specific and 23 persistent QTLs related to root growth. Among them, 13 early stage-specific, 19 persistent and 8 later stage-specific QTLs were detected at 7 DAS (days after sowing), 16 DAS and 5 EL (expanding leaf stage), respectively, providing efficient and adaptable stages for QTL identification. The effective prediction of biomass accumulation using root morphological traits (up to 96.6% or 92.64% at a specific stage or the final stage, respectively) verified that root growth allocation with maximum root uptake area facilitated biomass accumulation. Furthermore, marker-assistant selection, which combined the "persistent" and "stage-specific" QTLs, proved their effectiveness for root improvement with an excellent uptake area. Our results highlight the potential of high-throughput and precise phenotyping to assess the dynamic genetics of root growth and provide new insights into ideotype root system-based biomass breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Lieqiong Kuang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Xinfa Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Guihua Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Xiaoling Dun
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Hanzhong Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China.
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38
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Soriano JM, Alvaro F. Discovering consensus genomic regions in wheat for root-related traits by QTL meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10537. [PMID: 31332216 PMCID: PMC6646344 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47038-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Root system architecture is crucial for wheat adaptation to drought stress, but phenotyping for root traits in breeding programmes is difficult and time-consuming owing to the belowground characteristics of the system. Identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and linked molecular markers and using marker-assisted selection is an efficient way to increase selection efficiency and boost genetic gains in breeding programmes. Hundreds of QTLs have been identified for different root traits in the last few years. In the current study, consensus QTL regions were identified through QTL meta-analysis. First, a consensus map comprising 7352 markers was constructed. For the meta-analysis, 754 QTLs were retrieved from the literature and 634 of them were projected onto the consensus map. Meta-analysis grouped 557 QTLs in 94 consensus QTL regions, or meta-QTLs (MQTLs), and 18 QTLs remained as singletons. The recently published genome sequence of wheat was used to search for gene models within the MQTL peaks. As a result, gene models for 68 of the 94 Root_MQTLs were found, 35 of them related to root architecture and/or drought stress response. This work will facilitate QTL cloning and pyramiding to develop new cultivars with specific root architecture for coping with environmental constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Miguel Soriano
- Sustainable Field Crops Programme, IRTA (Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology), Lleida, Spain.
| | - Fanny Alvaro
- Sustainable Field Crops Programme, IRTA (Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology), Lleida, Spain
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Genetic Dissection of the Seminal Root System Architecture in Mediterranean Durum Wheat Landraces by Genome-Wide Association Study. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9070364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Roots are crucial for adaptation to drought stress. However, phenotyping root systems is a difficult and time-consuming task due to the special feature of the traits in the process of being analyzed. Correlations between root system architecture (RSA) at the early stages of development and in adult plants have been reported. In this study, the seminal RSA was analysed on a collection of 160 durum wheat landraces from 21 Mediterranean countries and 18 modern cultivars. The landraces showed large variability in RSA, and differences in root traits were found between previously identified genetic subpopulations. Landraces from the eastern Mediterranean region, which is the driest and warmest within the Mediterranean Basin, showed the largest seminal root size in terms of root length, surface, and volume and the widest root angle, whereas landraces from eastern Balkan countries showed the lowest values. Correlations were found between RSA and yield-related traits in a very dry environment. The identification of molecular markers linked to the traits of interest detected 233 marker-trait associations for 10 RSA traits and grouped them in 82 genome regions named marker-train association quantitative trait loci (MTA-QTLs). Our results support the use of ancient local germplasm to widen the genetic background for root traits in breeding programs.
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40
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QTLian breeding for climate resilience in cereals: progress and prospects. Funct Integr Genomics 2019; 19:685-701. [PMID: 31093800 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-019-00684-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The ever-rising population of the twenty-first century together with the prevailing challenges, such as deteriorating quality of arable land and water, has placed a big challenge for plant breeders to satisfy human needs for food under erratic weather patterns. Rice, wheat, and maize are the major staple crops consumed globally. Drought, waterlogging, heat, salinity, and mineral toxicity are the key abiotic stresses drastically affecting crop yield. Conventional plant breeding approaches towards abiotic stress tolerance have gained success to limited extent, due to the complex (multigenic) nature of these stresses. Progress in breeding climate-resilient crop plants has gained momentum in the last decade, due to improved understanding of the physiochemical and molecular basis of various stresses. A good number of genes have been characterized for adaptation to various stresses. In the era of novel molecular markers, mapping of QTLs has emerged as viable solution for breeding crops tolerant to abiotic stresses. Therefore, molecular breeding-based development and deployment of high-yielding climate-resilient crop cultivars together with climate-smart agricultural practices can pave the path to enhanced crop yields for smallholder farmers in areas vulnerable to the climate change. Advances in fine mapping and expression studies integrated with cheaper prices offer new avenues for the plant breeders engaged in climate-resilient plant breeding, and thereby, hope persists to ensure food security in the era of climate change.
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Alahmad S, El Hassouni K, Bassi FM, Dinglasan E, Youssef C, Quarry G, Aksoy A, Mazzucotelli E, Juhász A, Able JA, Christopher J, Voss-Fels KP, Hickey LT. A Major Root Architecture QTL Responding to Water Limitation in Durum Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:436. [PMID: 31024600 PMCID: PMC6468307 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The optimal root system architecture (RSA) of a crop is context dependent and critical for efficient resource capture in the soil. Narrow root growth angle promoting deeper root growth is often associated with improved access to water and nutrients in deep soils during terminal drought. RSA, therefore is a drought-adaptive trait that could minimize yield losses in regions with limited rainfall. Here, GWAS for seminal root angle (SRA) identified seven marker-trait associations clustered on chromosome 6A, representing a major quantitative trait locus (qSRA-6A) which also displayed high levels of pairwise LD (r 2 = 0.67). Subsequent haplotype analysis revealed significant differences between major groups. Candidate gene analysis revealed loci related to gravitropism, polar growth and hormonal signaling. No differences were observed for root biomass between lines carrying hap1 and hap2 for qSRA-6A, highlighting the opportunity to perform marker-assisted selection for the qSRA-6A locus and directly select for wide or narrow RSA, without influencing root biomass. Our study revealed that the genetic predisposition for deep rooting was best expressed under water-limitation, yet the root system displayed plasticity producing root growth in response to water availability in upper soil layers. We discuss the potential to deploy root architectural traits in cultivars to enhance yield stability in environments that experience limited rainfall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Alahmad
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Khaoula El Hassouni
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Filippo M. Bassi
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Eric Dinglasan
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Chvan Youssef
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Georgia Quarry
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alpaslan Aksoy
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Angéla Juhász
- School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Jason A. Able
- School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, Australia
| | - Jack Christopher
- Leslie Research Facility, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kai P. Voss-Fels
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lee T. Hickey
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Jia Z, Liu Y, Gruber BD, Neumann K, Kilian B, Graner A, von Wirén N. Genetic Dissection of Root System Architectural Traits in Spring Barley. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:400. [PMID: 31001309 PMCID: PMC6454135 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Breeding new crop cultivars with efficient root systems carries great potential to enhance resource use efficiency and plant adaptation to unstable climates. Here, we evaluated the natural variation of root system architectural traits in a diverse spring barley association panel and conducted genome-wide association mapping to identify genomic regions associated with root traits. For six studied traits, root system depth, root spreading angle, seminal root number, total seminal root length, and average seminal root length 1.9- to 4.2-fold variations were recorded. Using a mixed linear model, 55 QTLs were identified cumulatively explaining between 12.1% of the phenotypic variance for seminal root number to 48.1% of the variance for root system depth. Three major QTLs controlling root system depth, root spreading angle and total seminal root length were found on Chr 2H (56.52 cM), Chr 3H (67.92 cM), and Chr 2H (76.20 cM) and explained 12.4%, 18.4%, and 22.2% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. Meta-analysis and allele combination analysis indicated that root system depth and root spreading angle are valuable candidate traits for improving grain yield by pyramiding of favorable alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtao Jia
- Molecular Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Ying Liu
- Molecular Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Benjamin D. Gruber
- Molecular Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Kerstin Neumann
- Genome Diversity, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Benjamin Kilian
- Genome Diversity, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Andreas Graner
- Genome Diversity, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Nicolaus von Wirén
- Molecular Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
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Identification of Two Novel Wheat Drought Tolerance-Related Proteins by Comparative Proteomic Analysis Combined with Virus-Induced Gene Silencing. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124020. [PMID: 30545152 PMCID: PMC6321273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought is a major adversity that limits crop yields. Further exploration of wheat drought tolerance-related genes is critical for the genetic improvement of drought tolerance in this crop. Here, comparative proteomic analysis of two wheat varieties, XN979 and LA379, with contrasting drought tolerance was conducted to screen for drought tolerance-related proteins/genes. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology was used to verify the functions of candidate proteins. A total of 335 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were exclusively identified in the drought-tolerant variety XN979. Most DAPs were mainly involved in photosynthesis, carbon fixation, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and several other pathways. Two DAPs (W5DYH0 and W5ERN8), dubbed TaDrSR1 and TaDrSR2, respectively, were selected for further functional analysis using VIGS. The relative electrolyte leakage rate and malonaldehyde content increased significantly, while the relative water content and proline content significantly decreased in the TaDrSR1- and TaDrSR2-knock-down plants compared to that in non-knocked-down plants under drought stress conditions. TaDrSR1- and TaDrSR2-knock-down plants exhibited more severe drooping and wilting phenotypes than non-knocked-down plants under drought stress conditions, suggesting that the former were more sensitive to drought stress. These results indicate that TaDrSR1 and TaDrSR2 potentially play vital roles in conferring drought tolerance in common wheat.
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Fan X, Zhang W, Zhang N, Chen M, Zheng S, Zhao C, Han J, Liu J, Zhang X, Song L, Ji J, Liu X, Ling H, Tong Y, Cui F, Wang T, Li J. Identification of QTL regions for seedling root traits and their effect on nitrogen use efficiency in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2018; 131:2677-2698. [PMID: 30255337 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-018-3183-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
QTL for a wheat ideotype root system and its plasticity to nitrogen deficiency were characterized. Root system architecture-related traits (RRTs) and their plasticity to nitrogen availability are important for nitrogen acquisition and yield formation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was conducted under different nitrogen conditions, using the seedlings of 188 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between Kenong 9204 and Jing 411. Fifty-three QTL for seven RRTs and fourteen QTL for the plasticity of these RRTs to nitrogen deficiency were detected. Thirty of these QTL were mapped in nine clusters on chromosomes 2B, 2D, 3A, 3D, 6B, 6D, 7A and 7B. Six of these nine clusters were also colocated with loci for nitrogen use efficiency (NUE)-related traits (NRTs). Among them, three QTL clusters (C2B, C6D and C7B) were highlighted, considering that they individually harbored three stable robust QTL (i.e., QMrl-2B.1, QdRs-6D and QMrl-7B). C2B and C7B stably contributed to the optimal root system, and C6D greatly affected the plasticity of RRTs in response to nitrogen deficiency. However, strong artificial selection was only observed for C7B in 574 derivatives of Kenong 9204. Covariance analysis identified QMrl-7B as the major contributor in C7B that affected the investigated NRTs in mature plants. Phenotypic analysis indicated that thousand kernel weight might represent a "concomitant" above-ground trait of the "hidden" RRTs controlled by C7B, which are used for breeding selection. Dissecting these QTL regions with potential breeding value will ultimately facilitate the selection of donor lines with both high yield and NUE in wheat breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Fan
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050022, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050022, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Mei Chen
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050022, China
| | - Shusong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chunhua Zhao
- Genetic Improvement Centre of Agricultural and Forest Crops, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Jie Han
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050022, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050022, China
| | - Xilan Zhang
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050022, China
| | - Liqiang Song
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050022, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jun Ji
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050022, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xigang Liu
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050022, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hongqing Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yiping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Fa Cui
- Genetic Improvement Centre of Agricultural and Forest Crops, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Junming Li
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050022, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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45
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Masalia RR, Temme AA, Torralba NDL, Burke JM. Multiple genomic regions influence root morphology and seedling growth in cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under well-watered and water-limited conditions. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204279. [PMID: 30235309 PMCID: PMC6147562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With climate change and an ever-increasing human population threatening food security, developing a better understanding of the genetic basis of crop performance under stressful conditions has become increasingly important. Here, we used genome-wide association studies to genetically dissect variation in seedling growth traits in cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under well-watered and water-limited (i.e., osmotic stress) conditions, with a particular focus on root morphology. Water limitation reduced seedling size and produced a shift toward deeper rooting. These effects varied across genotypes, and we identified 13 genomic regions that were associated with traits of interest across the two environments. These regions varied in size from a single marker to 186.2 Mbp and harbored numerous genes, some of which are known to be involved in the plant growth/development as well as the response to osmotic stress. In many cases, these associations corresponded to growth traits where the common allele outperformed the rare variant, suggesting that selection for increased vigor during the evolution of cultivated sunflower might be responsible for the relatively high frequency of these alleles. We also found evidence of pleiotropy across multiple traits, as well as numerous environmentally independent genetic effects. Overall, our results indicate the existence of genetic variation in root morphology and allocation and further suggest that the majority of alleles associated with these traits have consistent effects across environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi R. Masalia
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Andries A. Temme
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Nicole de leon Torralba
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - John M. Burke
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
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46
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Ye H, Roorkiwal M, Valliyodan B, Zhou L, Chen P, Varshney RK, Nguyen HT. Genetic diversity of root system architecture in response to drought stress in grain legumes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3267-3277. [PMID: 29522207 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has increased the occurrence of extreme weather patterns globally, causing significant reductions in crop production, and hence threatening food security. In order to meet the food demand of the growing world population, a faster rate of genetic gains leading to productivity enhancement for major crops is required. Grain legumes are an essential commodity in optimal human diets and animal feed because of their unique nutritional composition. Currently, limited water is a major constraint in grain legume production. Root system architecture (RSA) is an important developmental and agronomic trait, which plays vital roles in plant adaptation and productivity under water-limited environments. A deep and proliferative root system helps extract sufficient water and nutrients under these stress conditions. The integrated genetics and genomics approach to dissect molecular processes from genome to phenome is key to achieve increased water capture and use efficiency through developing better root systems. Success in crop improvement under drought depends on discovery and utilization of genetic variations existing in the germplasm. In this review, we summarize current progress in the genetic diversity in major legume crops, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with RSA, and the importance and applications of recent discoveries associated with the beneficial root traits towards better RSA for enhanced drought tolerance and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Ye
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Manish Roorkiwal
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology (CEGSB), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - Babu Valliyodan
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Lijuan Zhou
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Pengyin Chen
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri-Fisher Delta Research Center, Portageville, MO, USA
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology (CEGSB), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - Henry T Nguyen
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Cheng L, Jiang R, Yang J, Xu X, Zeng H, Li S. Transcriptome profiling reveals an IAA-regulated response to adventitious root formation in lotus seedling. Z NATURFORSCH C 2018; 73:229-240. [PMID: 29432208 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2017-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Adventitious roots (ARs) of lotus (Nelumbonucifera Gaertn.) play a critical role in water and nutrient uptake. We found that exogenously applied 10-μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) promoted the formation of ARs, while 150-μM IAA significantly inhibited the emergence of ARs. However, little is known about these different responses to various concentrations of IAA at the molecular level. This study, therefore, examined the gene expression profiling in four libraries treated with 10- and 150-μM IAA based on the high-throughout tag sequencing technique. Approximately 2.4×107 clean tags were obtained after the removal of low-quality tags from each library respectively, among which about 10% clean tags were unambiguous tag-mapped genes to the reference genes. We found that some genes involved in auxin metabolism showed a similar tendency for expression in the A/CK and C/CK libraries, while three genes were enhanced their expression only in the A/CK libraries. Two transcription factors including B3 domain-containing protein At2g36080-like and trihelix transcription factor were up-regulated for transcriptional level in the A/C libraries. The expressions of six important genes related to AR formation were significantly different in the A/CK and C/CK libraries. In summary, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of gene expression regulated by IAA involved in AR formation in lotus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libao Cheng
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Runzhi Jiang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Xu
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Zeng
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, P.R. China
| | - Shuyan Li
- College of Guangling, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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48
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Golan G, Hendel E, Méndez Espitia GE, Schwartz N, Peleg Z. Activation of seminal root primordia during wheat domestication reveals underlying mechanisms of plant resilience. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:755-766. [PMID: 29320605 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Seminal roots constitute the initial wheat root system and provide the main route for water absorption during early stages of development. Seminal root number (SRN) varies among species. However, the mechanisms through which SRN is controlled and in turn contribute to environmental adaptation are poorly understood. Here, we show that SRN increased upon wheat domestication from 3 to 5 due to the activation of 2 root primordia that are suppressed in wild wheat, a trait controlled by loci expressed in the germinating embryo. Suppression of root primordia did not limit water uptake, indicating that 3 seminal roots is adequate to maintain growth during seedling development. The persistence of roots at their primordial state promoted seedling recovery from water stress through reactivation of suppressed primordia upon rehydration. Our findings suggest that under well-watered conditions, SRN is not a limiting factor, and excessive number of roots may be costly and maladaptive. Following water stress, lack of substantial root system suppresses growth and rapid recovery of the root system is essential for seedling recovery. This study underscores SRN as key adaptive trait that was reshaped upon domestication. The maintenance of roots at their primordial state during seedling development may be regarded as seedling protective mechanism against water stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Golan
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Elisha Hendel
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Gabriel E Méndez Espitia
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Nimrod Schwartz
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Zvi Peleg
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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Ndour A, Vadez V, Pradal C, Lucas M. Virtual Plants Need Water Too: Functional-Structural Root System Models in the Context of Drought Tolerance Breeding. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1577. [PMID: 29018456 PMCID: PMC5622977 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Developing a sustainable agricultural model is one of the great challenges of the coming years. The agricultural practices inherited from the Green Revolution of the 1960s show their limits today, and new paradigms need to be explored to counter rising issues such as the multiplication of climate-change related drought episodes. Two such new paradigms are the use of functional-structural plant models to complement and rationalize breeding approaches and a renewed focus on root systems as untapped sources of plant amelioration. Since the late 1980s, numerous functional and structural models of root systems were developed and used to investigate the properties of root systems in soil or lab-conditions. In this review, we focus on the conception and use of such root models in the broader context of research on root-driven drought tolerance, on the basis of root system architecture (RSA) phenotyping. Such models result from the integration of architectural, physiological and environmental data. Here, we consider the different phenotyping techniques allowing for root architectural and physiological study and their limits. We discuss how QTL and breeding studies support the manipulation of RSA as a way to improve drought resistance. We then go over the integration of the generated data within architectural models, how those architectural models can be coupled with functional hydraulic models, and how functional parameters can be measured to feed those models. We then consider the assessment and validation of those hydraulic models through confrontation of simulations to experimentations. Finally, we discuss the up and coming challenges facing root systems functional-structural modeling approaches in the context of breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adama Ndour
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés Aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE), Dakar, Senegal
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie (IRD-ISRA-UCAD), Dakar, Senegal
- CERES, IRD, Université de Montpellier, UMR DIADE, Montpellier, France
- Département Maths/Informatique, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Vincent Vadez
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India
| | - Christophe Pradal
- UMR AGAP, Univiversité de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Inria, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Mikaël Lucas
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés Aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE), Dakar, Senegal
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie (IRD-ISRA-UCAD), Dakar, Senegal
- CERES, IRD, Université de Montpellier, UMR DIADE, Montpellier, France
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Iannucci A, Marone D, Russo MA, De Vita P, Miullo V, Ferragonio P, Blanco A, Gadaleta A, Mastrangelo AM. Mapping QTL for Root and Shoot Morphological Traits in a Durum Wheat × T. dicoccum Segregating Population at Seedling Stage. Int J Genomics 2017; 2017:6876393. [PMID: 28845431 PMCID: PMC5563412 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6876393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A segregating population of 136 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between the durum wheat cv. "Simeto" and the T. dicoccum accession "Molise Colli" was grown in soil and evaluated for a number of shoot and root morphological traits. A total of 17 quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified for shoot dry weight, number of culms, and plant height and for root dry weight, volume, length, surface area, and number of forks and tips, on chromosomes 1B, 2A, 3A, 4B, 5B, 6A, 6B, and 7B. LODs were 2.1 to 21.6, with percent of explained phenotypic variability between 0.07 and 52. Three QTL were mapped to chromosome 4B, one of which corresponds to the Rht-B1 locus and has a large impact on both shoot and root traits (LOD 21.6). Other QTL that have specific effects on root morphological traits were also identified. Moreover, meta-QTL analysis was performed to compare the QTL identified in the "Simeto" × "Molise Colli" segregating population with those described in previous studies in wheat, with three novel QTL defined. Due to the complexity of phenotyping for root traits, further studies will be helpful to validate these regions as targets for breeding programs for optimization of root function for field performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Iannucci
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia Agraria-Centro Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali (CREA-CI), SS 673 km 25.2, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Daniela Marone
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia Agraria-Centro Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali (CREA-CI), SS 673 km 25.2, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Anna Russo
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia Agraria-Centro Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali (CREA-CI), SS 673 km 25.2, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Vita
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia Agraria-Centro Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali (CREA-CI), SS 673 km 25.2, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Vito Miullo
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia Agraria-Centro Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali (CREA-CI), SS 673 km 25.2, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Pina Ferragonio
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia Agraria-Centro Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali (CREA-CI), SS 673 km 25.2, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Blanco
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, Section of Genetic and Plant Breeding, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Agata Gadaleta
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, Section of Genetic and Plant Breeding, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Mastrangelo
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia Agraria-Centro Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali (CREA-CI), SS 673 km 25.2, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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