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Hill TG, Hill DJ. The Importance of Intra-Islet Communication in the Function and Plasticity of the Islets of Langerhans during Health and Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4070. [PMID: 38612880 PMCID: PMC11012451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Islets of Langerhans are anatomically dispersed within the pancreas and exhibit regulatory coordination between islets in response to nutritional and inflammatory stimuli. However, within individual islets, there is also multi-faceted coordination of function between individual beta-cells, and between beta-cells and other endocrine and vascular cell types. This is mediated partly through circulatory feedback of the major secreted hormones, insulin and glucagon, but also by autocrine and paracrine actions within the islet by a range of other secreted products, including somatostatin, urocortin 3, serotonin, glucagon-like peptide-1, acetylcholine, and ghrelin. Their availability can be modulated within the islet by pericyte-mediated regulation of microvascular blood flow. Within the islet, both endocrine progenitor cells and the ability of endocrine cells to trans-differentiate between phenotypes can alter endocrine cell mass to adapt to changed metabolic circumstances, regulated by the within-islet trophic environment. Optimal islet function is precariously balanced due to the high metabolic rate required by beta-cells to synthesize and secrete insulin, and they are susceptible to oxidative and endoplasmic reticular stress in the face of high metabolic demand. Resulting changes in paracrine dynamics within the islets can contribute to the emergence of Types 1, 2 and gestational diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G. Hill
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - David J. Hill
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St. Joseph’s Health Care, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada;
- Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
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2
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Wang L, Luo H, Yao B, Yao J, Zhang J. Optimizing Hexose Utilization Pathways of Cupriavidus necator for Improving Growth and L-Alanine Production under Heterotrophic and Autotrophic Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:548. [PMID: 38203719 PMCID: PMC10778655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cupriavidus necator is a versatile microbial chassis to produce high-value products. Blocking the poly-β-hydroxybutyrate synthesis pathway (encoded by the phaC1AB1 operon) can effectively enhance the production of C. necator, but usually decreases cell density in the stationary phase. To address this problem, we modified the hexose utilization pathways of C. necator in this study by implementing strategies such as blocking the Entner-Doudoroff pathway, completing the phosphopentose pathway by expressing the gnd gene (encoding 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase), and completing the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway by expressing the pfkA gene (encoding 6-phosphofructokinase). During heterotrophic fermentation, the OD600 of the phaC1AB1-knockout strain increased by 44.8% with pfkA gene expression alone, and by 93.1% with gnd and pfkA genes expressing simultaneously. During autotrophic fermentation, gnd and pfkA genes raised the OD600 of phaC1AB1-knockout strains by 19.4% and 12.0%, respectively. To explore the effect of the pfkA gene on the production of C. necator, an alanine-producing C. necator was constructed by expressing the NADPH-dependent L-alanine dehydrogenase, alanine exporter, and knocking out the phaC1AB1 operon. The alanine-producing strain had maximum alanine titer and yield of 784 mg/L and 11.0%, respectively. And these values were significantly improved to 998 mg/L and 13.4% by expressing the pfkA gene. The results indicate that completing the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway by expressing the pfkA gene is an effective method to improve the growth and production of C. necator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (L.W.); (B.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Huiying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Bin Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (L.W.); (B.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (L.W.); (B.Y.)
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
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Warner SO, Dai Y, Sheanon N, Yao MV, Cason RL, Arbabi S, Patel SB, Lindquist D, Winnick JJ. Short-term fasting lowers glucagon levels under euglycemic and hypoglycemic conditions in healthy humans. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e169789. [PMID: 37166980 PMCID: PMC10371233 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.169789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fasting is associated with increased susceptibility to hypoglycemia in people with type 1 diabetes, thereby making it a significant health risk. To date, the relationship between fasting and insulin-induced hypoglycemia has not been well characterized, so our objective was to determine whether insulin-independent factors, such as counterregulatory hormone responses, are adversely impacted by fasting in healthy control individuals. Counterregulatory responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia were measured in 12 healthy people during 2 metabolic studies. During one study, participants ate breakfast and lunch, after which they underwent a 2-hour bout of insulin-induced hypoglycemia (FED). During the other study, participants remained fasted prior to hypoglycemia (FAST). As expected, hepatic glycogen concentrations were lower in FAST, and associated with diminished peak glucagon levels and reduced endogenous glucose production (EGP) during hypoglycemia. Accompanying lower EGP in FAST was a reduction in peripheral glucose utilization, and a resultant reduction in the amount of exogenous glucose required to maintain glycemia. These data suggest that whereas a fasting-induced lowering of glucose utilization could potentially delay the onset of insulin-induced hypoglycemia, subsequent reductions in glucagon levels and EGP are likely to encumber recovery from it. As a result of this diminished metabolic flexibility in response to fasting, susceptibility to hypoglycemia could be enhanced in patients with type 1 diabetes under similar conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana O. Warner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Yufei Dai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicole Sheanon
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael V. Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Rebecca L. Cason
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Shahriar Arbabi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Shailendra B. Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Diana Lindquist
- Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jason J. Winnick
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Habegger KM. Cross Talk Between Insulin and Glucagon Receptor Signaling in the Hepatocyte. Diabetes 2022; 71:1842-1851. [PMID: 35657690 PMCID: PMC9450567 DOI: 10.2337/dbi22-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
While the consumption of external energy (i.e., feeding) is essential to life, this action induces a temporary disturbance of homeostasis in an animal. A primary example of this effect is found in the regulation of glycemia. In the fasted state, stored energy is released to maintain physiological glycemic levels. Liver glycogen is liberated to glucose, glycerol and (glucogenic) amino acids are used to build new glucose molecules (i.e., gluconeogenesis), and fatty acids are oxidized to fuel long-term energetic demands. This regulation is driven primarily by the counterregulatory hormones epinephrine, growth hormone, cortisol, and glucagon. Conversely, feeding induces a rapid influx of diverse nutrients, including glucose, that disrupt homeostasis. Consistently, a host of hormonal and neural systems under the coordination of insulin are engaged in the transition from fasting to prandial states to reduce this disruption. The ultimate action of these systems is to appropriately store the newly acquired energy and to return to the homeostatic norm. Thus, at first glance it is tempting to assume that glucagon is solely antagonistic regarding the anabolic effects of insulin. We have been intrigued by the role of glucagon in the prandial transition and have attempted to delineate its role as beneficial or inhibitory to glycemic control. The following review highlights this long-known yet poorly understood hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk M. Habegger
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Miranda C, Begum M, Vergari E, Briant LJB. Gap junction coupling and islet delta-cell function in health and disease. Peptides 2022; 147:170704. [PMID: 34826505 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pancreatic islets contain beta-cells and alpha-cells, which are responsible for secreting two principal gluco-regulatory hormones; insulin and glucagon, respectively. However, they also contain delta-cells, a relatively sparse cell type that secretes somatostatin (SST). These cells have a complex morphology allowing them to establish an extensive communication network throughout the islet, despite their scarcity. Delta-cells are electrically excitable cells, and SST secretion is released in a glucose- and KATP-dependent manner. SST hyperpolarises the alpha-cell membrane and suppresses exocytosis. In this way, islet SST potently inhibits glucagon release. Recent studies investigating the activity of delta-cells have revealed they are electrically coupled to beta-cells via gap junctions, suggesting the delta-cell is more than just a paracrine inhibitor. In this Review, we summarize delta-cell morphology, function, and the role of SST signalling for regulating islet hormonal output. A distinguishing feature of this Review is that we attempt to use the discovery of this gap junction pathway, together with what is already known about delta-cells, to reframe the role of these cells in both health and disease. In particular, we argue that the discovery of gap junction communication between delta-cells and beta-cells provides new insights into the contribution of delta-cells to the islet hormonal defects observed in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. This reappraisal of the delta-cell is important as it may offer novel insights into how the physiology of this cell can be utilised to restore islet function in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Miranda
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Metabolic Research Unit, University of Göteborg, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Manisha Begum
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Metabolic Research Unit, University of Göteborg, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden; University of Skӧvde, Department of Infection Biology, Högskolevägen 1, 541 28, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Elisa Vergari
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX4 7LE, Oxford, UK
| | - Linford J B Briant
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX4 7LE, Oxford, UK; Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, OX1 3QD, Oxford, UK.
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Henquin JC. Non-glucose modulators of insulin secretion in healthy humans: (dis)similarities between islet and in vivo studies. Metabolism 2021; 122:154821. [PMID: 34174327 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Optimal metabolic homeostasis requires precise temporal and quantitative control of insulin secretion. Both in vivo and in vitro studies have often focused on the regulation by glucose although many additional factors including other nutrients, neurotransmitters, hormones and drugs, modulate the secretory function of pancreatic β-cells. This review is based on the analysis of clinical investigations characterizing the effects of non-glucose modulators of insulin secretion in healthy subjects, and of experimental studies testing the same modulators in islets isolated from normal human donors. The aim was to determine whether the information gathered in vitro can reliably be translated to the in vivo situation. The comparison evidenced both convincing similarities and areas of discordance. The lack of coherence generally stems from the use of exceedingly high concentrations of test agents at too high or too low glucose concentrations in vitro, which casts doubts on the physiological relevance of a number of observations made in isolated islets. Future projects resorting to human islets should avoid extreme experimental conditions, such as oversized stimulations or inhibitions of β-cells, which are unlikely to throw light on normal insulin secretion and contribute to the elucidation of its defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Henquin
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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Bisgaard Bengtsen M, Møller N. Mini-review: Glucagon responses in type 1 diabetes - a matter of complexity. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15009. [PMID: 34405569 PMCID: PMC8371343 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years the role of altered alpha cell function and glucagon secretion in type 1 diabetes has attracted scientific attention. It is well established that glucagon responses to hypoglycemia are absent in type 1 diabetes, but more uncertain whether it is intact following other physiological and metabolic stimuli compared with nondiabetic individuals. The aim of this review is to (i) summarize current knowledge on glucagon responses during hypoglycemia in normal physiology and type 1 diabetes, and (ii) review human in vivo studies investigating glucagon responses after other stimuli in individuals with type 1 diabetes and nondiabetic individuals. Available data suggest that in type 1 diabetes the absence of glucagon secretion after hypoglycemia is irreversible. This is a scenario specific to hypoglycemia, since other stimuli, including administration of amino acids, insulin withdrawal, lipopolysaccharide exposure and exercise lead to substantial glucagon responses though attenuated compared to nondiabetic individuals in head-to-head studies. The derailed glucagon secretion is not confined to hypoglycemia as individuals with type 1 diabetes, as opposed to nondiabetic individuals display glucagon hypersecretion after meals, thereby potentially contributing to insulin resistance. The complexity of these phenomena may relate to activation of distinct regulatory pathways controlling glucagon secretion i.e., intra-islet paracrine signaling, direct and autonomic nervous signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Bisgaard Bengtsen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
- Department of Internal MedicineRegional Hospital HorsensHorsensDenmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
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8
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Alqudah A, Wedyan M, Qnais E, Jawarneh H, McClements L. Plasma Amino Acids Metabolomics' Important in Glucose Management in Type 2 Diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:695418. [PMID: 34335259 PMCID: PMC8320811 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.695418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The perturbation in plasma free amino acid metabolome has been observed previously in diabetes mellitus, and is associated with insulin resistance as well as the onset of cardiovascular disease in this population. In this study, we investigated, for the first time, changes in the amino acid profile in a group of people with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D) with normal BMI, from Jordan, who were only managed on metformin. Twenty one amino acids were evaluated in plasma samples from 124 people with T2D and 67 healthy controls, matched for age, gender and BMI, using amino acids analyser. Total amino acids, essential amino acids, non-essential amino acids and semi-essential amino acids were similar in T2D compared to healthy controls. Plasma concentrations of four essential amino acids were increased in the presence of T2D (Leucine, p < 0.01, Lysine, p < 0.001, Phenylalanine, p < 0.01, Tryptophan, p < 0.05). On the other hand, in relation to non-essential amino acids, Alanine and Serine were reduced in T2D (p < 0.01, p < 0.001, respectively), whereas Aspartate and Glutamate were increased in T2D compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, respectively). A semi-essential amino acid, Cystine, was also increased in T2D compared to healthy controls (p < 0.01). Citrulline, a metabolic indicator amino acid, demonstrated lower plasma concentration in T2D compared to healthy controls (p < 0.01). These amino acids were also correlated with fasting blood glucose and HbA1c (p < 0.05). Glutamate, glycine and arginine were correlated with the duration of metformin treatment (p < 0.05). No amino acid was correlated with lipid profiles. Disturbances in the metabolism of these amino acids are closely implicated in the pathogenesis of T2D and associated cardiovascular disease. Therefore, these perturbed amino acids could be explored as therapeutic targets to improve T2D management and prevent associated cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahim Alqudah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Wedyan
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Esam Qnais
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Hassan Jawarneh
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Lana McClements
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Matteo G, Hoyeck MP, Blair HL, Zebarth J, Rick KRC, Williams A, Gagné R, Buick JK, Yauk CL, Bruin JE. Prolonged Low-Dose Dioxin Exposure Impairs Metabolic Adaptability to High-Fat Diet Feeding in Female but Not Male Mice. Endocrinology 2021; 162:bqab050. [PMID: 33693622 PMCID: PMC8101695 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Human studies consistently show an association between exposure to persistent organic pollutants, including 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, aka "dioxin"), and increased diabetes risk. We previously showed that a single high-dose TCDD exposure (20 µg/kg) decreased plasma insulin levels in male and female mice in vivo, but effects on glucose homeostasis were sex-dependent. OBJECTIVE The current study assessed whether prolonged exposure to a physiologically relevant low-dose of TCDD impacts glucose homeostasis and/or the islet phenotype in a sex-dependent manner in chow-fed or high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. METHODS Male and female mice were exposed to 20 ng/kg/d TCDD 2×/week for 12 weeks and simultaneously fed standard chow or a 45% HFD. Glucose homeostasis was assessed by glucose and insulin tolerance tests, and glucose-induced plasma insulin levels were measured in vivo. Histological analysis was performed on pancreas from male and female mice, and islets were isolated from females for TempO-Seq transcriptomic analysis. RESULTS Low-dose TCDD exposure did not lead to adverse metabolic consequences in chow-fed male or female mice, or in HFD-fed males. However, TCDD accelerated the onset of HFD-induced hyperglycemia and impaired glucose-induced plasma insulin levels in females. TCDD caused a modest increase in islet area in males but reduced the percent beta cell area within islets in females. TempO-Seq analysis suggested abnormal changes to endocrine and metabolic pathways in female TCDDHFD islets. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that prolonged low-dose TCDD exposure has minimal effects on glucose homeostasis and islet morphology in chow-fed male and female mice but promotes maladaptive metabolic responses in HFD-fed females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geronimo Matteo
- Department of Biology & Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Myriam P Hoyeck
- Department of Biology & Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Hannah L Blair
- Department of Biology & Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Julia Zebarth
- Department of Biology & Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Kayleigh R C Rick
- Department of Biology & Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Andrew Williams
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Rémi Gagné
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Julie K Buick
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Carole L Yauk
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, KIN 6N5, Canada
| | - Jennifer E Bruin
- Department of Biology & Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
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Alcazar O, Hernandez LF, Nakayasu ES, Nicora CD, Ansong C, Muehlbauer MJ, Bain JR, Myer CJ, Bhattacharya SK, Buchwald P, Abdulreda MH. Parallel Multi-Omics in High-Risk Subjects for the Identification of Integrated Biomarker Signatures of Type 1 Diabetes. Biomolecules 2021; 11:383. [PMID: 33806609 PMCID: PMC7999903 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarkers are crucial for detecting early type-1 diabetes (T1D) and preventing significant β-cell loss before the onset of clinical symptoms. Here, we present proof-of-concept studies to demonstrate the potential for identifying integrated biomarker signature(s) of T1D using parallel multi-omics. METHODS Blood from human subjects at high risk for T1D (and healthy controls; n = 4 + 4) was subjected to parallel unlabeled proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, and transcriptomics. The integrated dataset was analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software for disturbances in the at-risk subjects compared to controls. RESULTS The final quadra-omics dataset contained 2292 proteins, 328 miRNAs, 75 metabolites, and 41 lipids that were detected in all samples without exception. Disease/function enrichment analyses consistently indicated increased activation, proliferation, and migration of CD4 T-lymphocytes and macrophages. Integrated molecular network predictions highlighted central involvement and activation of NF-κB, TGF-β, VEGF, arachidonic acid, and arginase, and inhibition of miRNA Let-7a-5p. IPA-predicted candidate biomarkers were used to construct a putative integrated signature containing several miRNAs and metabolite/lipid features in the at-risk subjects. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary parallel quadra-omics provided a comprehensive picture of disturbances in high-risk T1D subjects and highlighted the potential for identifying associated integrated biomarker signatures. With further development and validation in larger cohorts, parallel multi-omics could ultimately facilitate the classification of T1D progressors from non-progressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Alcazar
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (O.A.); (L.F.H.)
| | - Luis F. Hernandez
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (O.A.); (L.F.H.)
| | - Ernesto S. Nakayasu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA; (E.S.N.); (C.D.N.); (C.A.)
| | - Carrie D. Nicora
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA; (E.S.N.); (C.D.N.); (C.A.)
| | - Charles Ansong
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA; (E.S.N.); (C.D.N.); (C.A.)
| | - Michael J. Muehlbauer
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; (M.J.M.); (J.R.B.)
| | - James R. Bain
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; (M.J.M.); (J.R.B.)
| | - Ciara J. Myer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (C.J.M.); (S.K.B.)
- Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sanjoy K. Bhattacharya
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (C.J.M.); (S.K.B.)
- Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Peter Buchwald
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (O.A.); (L.F.H.)
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Midhat H. Abdulreda
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (O.A.); (L.F.H.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (C.J.M.); (S.K.B.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Desjardins K, Brazeau AS, Strychar I, Leroux C, Gingras V, Rabasa-Lhoret R. Association between post-dinner dietary intakes and nocturnal hypoglycemic risk in adult patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2014; 106:420-7. [PMID: 25451901 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To describe (i) current bedtime nutritional practices and (ii) the association between post-dinner dietary intake and the occurrence of non-severe nocturnal hypoglycemia (NH) in real-life conditions among adult patients with type 1 diabetes using insulin analogs. METHODS One hundred adults (median [interquartile range]: age 46.4 [36.0-55.8] years, HbA1c 7.9 [7.3-8.6] % (63 [56-70] mmol/mol)) using multiple daily injections (n=67) or insulin pump (n=33) wore a blinded continuous glucose monitoring system and completed a food diary for 72-h. RESULTS NH occurred on 28% of 282 nights analyzed. (i) Patients reported post-dinner dietary intakes on 63% of the evenings. They injected rapid-acting insulin boluses on 64 occasions (23% of 282 evenings). These insulin boluses were mostly injected with (n=37) dietary intakes. (ii) Post-dinner dietary intake was not associated with NH occurrence in univariate analyses. In multivariate analyses, the injection of rapid-acting insulin modulated the association between post-dinner dietary intake and NH: with insulin, post-dinner carbohydrate intake was positively associated with NH (odds ratio (OR): 1.16 [95% confidence interval, CI: 1.04-1.29] per 5g increase, p=0.008); without insulin, post-dinner protein intake was inversely associated with NH occurrence (OR [95% CI]: 0.88 [0.78-1.00] per 2g increase, p=0.048). CONCLUSIONS NH remains frequent in adults with type 1 diabetes. There is a complex relationship between post-dinner dietary intake and NH occurrence, including the significant role of nutrient content and rapid-acting insulin injection that requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Desjardins
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anne-Sophie Brazeau
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Irene Strychar
- Department of nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Université de Montréal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Diabetes Research Center (MDRC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine Leroux
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Véronique Gingras
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Diabetes Research Center (MDRC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine of the Université de Montréal Hospital Center (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Desjardins K, Brazeau AS, Strychar I, Rabasa-Lhoret R. Are bedtime nutritional strategies effective in preventing nocturnal hypoglycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes? Diabetes Obes Metab 2014; 16:577-87. [PMID: 24320159 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hypoglycaemia remains the major limiting factor for adequate diabetes control for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), especially during the night-time. Although nutritional strategies for nocturnal hypoglycaemia (NH) prevention are regularly suggested in clinical practice, there is no evidence-based recommendation for the usefulness and optimal composition of a bedtime snack. The aim of this narrative review was to analyse the current state of knowledge on nutritional strategies to prevent NH in individuals with T1D. A literature search was conducted, using PubMed and Medline (1946 to 2013); 16 studies were retrieved. Overall, the level of evidence was low. Results indicated that a calibrated bedtime snack based on bedtime blood glucose (BG) level could be effective to reduce NH occurrence for patients treated with human or animal insulin (short-acting combined with lente, ultralente and/or intermediate-acting insulin), but there is no evidence for patients treated with insulin analogues as part of multiple daily injections or insulin pump regimen. Some evidence suggests that including uncooked cornstarch or alanine in the bedtime snack composition could provide some benefits for the prevention of NH. Individualized recommendations of a bedtime snack intake for patients or situations at high risk for NH (long standing diabetes, hypoglycaemia unawareness, prior physical activity, alcohol consumption, bedtime BG close to hypoglycaemia threshold) appear as a prudent recommendation. On the basis of the available evidence, a bedtime snack cannot be recommended systematically but it might be useful if prescribed in an individualized fashion; further research is needed to evaluate these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Desjardins
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Zucchetti AE, Barosso IR, Boaglio AC, Luquita MG, Roma MG, Crocenzi FA, Sánchez Pozzi EJ. Hormonal modulation of hepatic cAMP prevents estradiol 17β-D-glucuronide-induced cholestasis in perfused rat liver. Dig Dis Sci 2013; 58:1602-14. [PMID: 23371010 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-013-2558-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estradiol-17β-D-glucuronide (E17G) induces cholestasis in vivo, endocytic internalization of the canalicular transporters multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Abcc2) and bile salt export pump (Abcb11) being a key pathomechanism. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) prevents cholestasis by targeting these transporters back to the canalicular membrane. In hepatocyte couplets, glucagon and salbutamol, both of which increase cAMP, prevented E17G action by stimulating the trafficking of these transporters by different mechanisms, namely: glucagon activates a protein kinase A-dependent pathway, whereas salbutamol activates an exchange-protein activated by cAMP (Epac)-mediated, microtubule-dependent pathway. METHODS The present study evaluated whether glucagon and salbutamol prevent E17G-induced cholestasis in a more physiological model, i.e., the perfused rat liver (PRL). Additionally, the preventive effect of in vivo alanine administration, which induces pancreatic glucagon secretion, was evaluated. RESULTS In PRLs, glucagon and salbutamol prevented E17G-induced decrease in both bile flow and the secretory activity of Abcc2 and Abcb11. Salbutamol prevention fully depended on microtubule integrity. On the other hand, glucagon prevention was microtubule-independent only at early time periods after E17G administration, but it was ultimately affected by the microtubule disrupter colchicine. Cholestasis was associated with endocytic internalization of Abcb11 and Abcc2, the intracellular carriers being partially colocalized with the endosomal marker Rab11a. This effect was completely prevented by salbutamol, whereas some transporter-containing vesicles remained colocalized with Rab11a after glucagon treatment. In vivo, alanine administration increased hepatic cAMP and accelerated the recovery of bile flow and Abcb11/Abcc2 transport function after E17G administration. The initial recovery afforded by alanine was microtubule-independent, but microtubule integrity was required to sustain this protective effect. CONCLUSION We conclude that modulation of cAMP levels either by direct administration of cAMP modulators or by physiological manipulations leadings to hormone-mediated increase of cAMP levels (alanine administration), prevents estrogen-induced cholestasis in models with preserved liver architecture, through mechanisms similar to those arisen from in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés E Zucchetti
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (CONICET, U.N.R.), Suipacha 570, S2002LRL, Rosario, Argentina
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Madsen L, Kristiansen K. The importance of dietary modulation of cAMP and insulin signaling in adipose tissue and the development of obesity. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1190:1-14. [PMID: 20388132 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05262.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays a pivotal role in whole body energy homeostasis. In this review, we summarize knowledge of the seemingly paradoxical roles of insulin and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling in adipocyte differentiation and function, emphasizing the interplay between the two branches of cAMP signaling, the canonical protein kinase A-dependent pathways and the novel exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac)-dependent pathways, and insulin signaling. We discuss how macronutrients via changes in the balance between insulin- and cAMP-dependent signaling can affect the development of obesity by changing energy expenditure and/or feed efficiency. We review results demonstrating how the balance between different classes of carbohydrates and proteins modulates the obesigenic action of saturated as well as unsaturated fatty acids pointing to insulin as a key determinant in the regulation of the metabolic/regulatory action of both n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Madsen
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A. Amiel
- From the Department of Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine, London, England
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Paxman JR, Richardson JC, Dettmar PW, Corfe BM. Alginate reduces the increased uptake of cholesterol and glucose in overweight male subjects: a pilot study. Nutr Res 2009; 28:501-5. [PMID: 19083452 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2008.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2008] [Revised: 05/16/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fibers are of particular interest in the prevention and management of obesity and consequent pathologies. Among the proposed mechanisms of action of fiber is the modulation of nutrient uptake from the small intestine. We have used a crossover study design in human subjects to monitor the uptake of glucose, cholesterol, and triacylglycerols in human subjects with normal and high body mass index. Our data demonstrate that uptakes of glucose, triacylglycerols, and cholesterol are all increased with increasing body fat. We demonstrate that treatment with a 1.5-g dose of a strong-gelling alginate may restore uptake of cholesterol and glucose to the levels of healthy subjects. These data indicate a potential therapeutic application of gelling fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny R Paxman
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, S10 2JF Sheffield, UK
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Felisberto-Junior AM, Manso FC, Gazola VAFDG, Obici S, Geisler SA, Bazotte RB. Oral Glutamine Dipeptide Prevents against Prolonged Hypoglycemia Induced by Detemir Insulin in Rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2009; 32:232-6. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Simoni Obici
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, State University of Maringá
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Heller SR. Minimizing hypoglycemia while maintaining glycemic control in diabetes. Diabetes 2008; 57:3177-83. [PMID: 19033404 PMCID: PMC2584120 DOI: 10.2337/db08-1195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon R Heller
- Unit of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK.
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Rossetti P, Porcellati F, Busciantella Ricci N, Candeloro P, Cioli P, Nair KS, Santeusanio F, Bolli GB, Fanelli CG. Effect of oral amino acids on counterregulatory responses and cognitive function during insulin-induced hypoglycemia in nondiabetic and type 1 diabetic people. Diabetes 2008; 57:1905-17. [PMID: 18390791 PMCID: PMC2453632 DOI: 10.2337/db08-0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2008] [Accepted: 03/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Amino acids stimulate glucagon responses to hypoglycemia and may be utilized by the brain. The aim of this study was to assess the responses to hypoglycemia in nondiabetic and type 1 diabetic subjects after ingestion of an amino acid mixture. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Ten nondiabetic and 10 diabetic type 1 subjects were studied on three different occasions during intravenous insulin (2 mU . kg(-1) . min(-1)) plus variable glucose for 160 min. In two studies, clamped hypoglycemia (47 mg/dl plasma glucose for 40 min) was induced and either oral placebo or an amino acid mixture (42 g) was given at 30 min. In the third study, amino acids were given, but euglycemia was maintained. RESULTS Plasma glucose and insulin were no different in the hypoglycemia studies with both placebo and amino acids (P > 0.2). After the amino acid mixture, plasma amino acid concentrations increased to levels observed after a mixed meal (2.4 +/- 0.13 vs. placebo study 1.7 +/- 0.1 mmol/l, P = 0.02). During clamped euglycemia, ingestion of amino acids resulted in transient increases in glucagon concentrations, which returned to basal by the end of the study. During clamped hypoglycemia, glucagon response was sustained and increased more in amino acid studies versus placebo in nondiabetic and diabetic subjects (P < 0.05), but other counter-regulatory hormones and total symptom score were not different. Beta-OH-butyrate was less suppressed after amino acids (200 +/- 15 vs. 93 +/- 9 micromol/l, P = 0.01). Among the cognitive tests administered, the following indicated less deterioration after amino acids than placebo: Trail-Making part B, PASAT (Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test) (2 s), digit span forward, Stroop colored words, and verbal memory tests for nondiabetic subjects; and Trail-Making part B, digit span backward, and Stroop color tests for diabetic subjects. CONCLUSIONS Oral amino acids improve cognitive function in response to hypoglycemia and enhance the response of glucagon in nondiabetic and diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Rossetti
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | - Paola Candeloro
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cioli
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | - Geremia B. Bolli
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Diabetes and the endocrine pancreas. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2008; 15:193-207. [PMID: 18316957 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e3282fba8b4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Madsen L, Liaset B, Kristiansen K. Macronutrients and obesity: views, news and reviews. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.2217/17460875.3.1.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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