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Shu T, Zhang Y, Sun T, Zhu Y. Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyl transferase 14 is a novel mediator in pancreatic β-cell function and growth. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 591:112269. [PMID: 38763428 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyl transferase 14 (GALNT14) plays important roles in cancer progression and chemotherapy response. Here, we show that GALNT14 is highly expressed in pancreatic β cells and regulates β cell function and growth. We found that the expression level of Ganlt14 was significantly decreased in the primary islets from three rodent type-2 diabetic models. Single-Cell sequencing defined that Galnt14 was mainly expressed in β cells of mouse islets. Galnt14 knockout (G14KO) INS-1 cell line, constructed by using CRISPR/Cas9 technology were growth normal, but showed blunt shape, and increased basal insulin secretion. Combined proteomics and glycoproteomics demonstrated that G14KO altered cell-to-cell junctions, communication, and adhesion. Insulin receptor (IR) and IGF1-1R were indirectly confirmed for GALNT14 substrates, contributed to diminished IGF1-induced p-AKT levels and cell growth in G14KO cells. Overall, this study uncovers that GALNT14 is a novel modulator in regulating β cells biology, providing a missing link of β cells O-glycosylation to diabetes development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Shu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210024, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Yunxia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
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2
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Mrozowska M, Górnicki T, Olbromski M, Partyńska AI, Dzięgiel P, Rusak A. New insights into the role of tetraspanin 6, 7, and 8 in physiology and pathology. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7390. [PMID: 39031113 PMCID: PMC11258570 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tetraspanin (TSPAN) family comprises 33 membrane receptors involved in various physiological processes in humans. Tetrasapanins are surface proteins expressed in cells of various organisms. They are localised to the cell membrane by four transmembrane domains (TM4SF). These domains bind several cell surface receptors and signalling proteins to tetraspanin-enriched lipid microdomains (TERM or TEM). Tetraspanins play a critical role in anchoring many proteins. They also act as a scaffold for cell signalling proteins. AIM To summarise how tetraspanins 6, 7 and 8 contribute to the carcinogenesis process in different types of cancer. METHODS To provide a comprehensive review of the role of tetraspanins 6, 7 and 8 in cancer biology, we conducted a thorough search in PubMed, Embase and performed manual search of reference list to collect and extract data. DISCUSSION The assembly of tetraspanins covers an area of approximately 100-400 nm. Tetraspanins are involved in various biological processes such as membrane fusion, aggregation, proliferation, adhesion, cell migration and differentiation. They can also regulate integrins, cell surface receptors and signalling molecules. Tetraspanins form direct bonds with proteins and other members of the tetraspanin family, forming a hierarchical network of interactions and are thought to be involved in cell and membrane compartmentalisation. Tetraspanins have been implicated in cancer progression and have been shown to have multiple binding partners and to promote cancer progression and metastasis. Clinical studies have documented a correlation between the level of tetraspanin expression and the prediction of cancer progression, including breast and lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS Tetraspanins are understudied in almost all cell types and their functions are not clearly defined. Fortunately, it has been possible to identify the basic mechanisms underlying the biological role of these proteins. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to describe the roles of tetraspanins 6, 7 and 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Mrozowska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and EmbryologyWroclaw Medical UniversityWroclawPoland
| | - Tomasz Górnicki
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and EmbryologyWroclaw Medical UniversityWroclawPoland
| | - Mateusz Olbromski
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and EmbryologyWroclaw Medical UniversityWroclawPoland
| | - Aleksandra Izabela Partyńska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and EmbryologyWroclaw Medical UniversityWroclawPoland
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and EmbryologyWroclaw Medical UniversityWroclawPoland
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of PhysiotherapyWroclaw University of Health and Sport SciencesWroclawPoland
| | - Agnieszka Rusak
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and EmbryologyWroclaw Medical UniversityWroclawPoland
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3
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Yun F, Zhaorigen B, Han X, Li X, Yun S. Islet Like Cells Induced from Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Neonatal Bovine Pancreatic Mesenchymal Exosomes for Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. Horm Metab Res 2024; 56:463-470. [PMID: 37832580 DOI: 10.1055/a-2166-4546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the safety and efficacy of the islet-like cell (cell) induced from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (UCMSC) with different methods for the treatment of diabetic animal model. UCMSCs were induced to βcells with cytokines (CY) and neonatal bovine pancreatic mesenchymal cell exosomes (Ex) combined with CY (EX+CY). The insulin secretion of UCMSC and βcell was measured with ELISA when the cells were growing in different concentrations of glucose media for different times. UCMSCs (4×105) and the same number of cells prepared with two methods were transplanted to type I diabetic rat models. UCMSCs could be induced into islet βcells by CY or EX+CY in vitro. The insulin secretion of the prepared β cells growing in 25.0 mM glucose medium was over 5-fold of that in 6.0 mM glucose. The transplantation of the βcells to type I diabetic rat models could reduce the blood glucose and prolong the survival time. The β cells induced by EX+CY had much more significant effects on decreasing blood glucose and increasing survival time (p<0.01). The cells did not affect blood sugar level and had no serious side-effects in human health. UCMSC could be induced to islet βcells with either CY or EX+CY. The transplantation of the induced islet βcells could reduce blood glucose and prolong the survival time of diabetic animal models. Although the cells induced with EX+CY had more significant effects on diabetic rats, they did not affect blood glucose level and had no serious side-effects in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu Yun
- Stem Cell Center, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhehot, China
| | - Bayalige Zhaorigen
- Stem Cell Center, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhehot, China
| | - Xia Han
- Stem Cell Center, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhehot, China
| | - Xin Li
- Fengyuan Biosciences Company, Fengyuan Biosciences Company, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Yun
- Stem Cell Center, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhehot, China
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4
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Zheng C, Wang J, Wang J, Zhang Q, Liang T. Cell of Origin of Pancreatic cancer: Novel Findings and Current Understanding. Pancreas 2024; 53:e288-e297. [PMID: 38277420 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) stands as one of the most lethal diseases globally, boasting a grim 5-year survival prognosis. The origin cell and the molecular signaling pathways that drive PDAC progression are not entirely understood. This review comprehensively outlines the categorization of PDAC and its precursor lesions, expounds on the creation and utility of genetically engineered mouse models used in PDAC research, compiles a roster of commonly used markers for pancreatic progenitors, duct cells, and acinar cells, and briefly addresses the mechanisms involved in the progression of PDAC. We acknowledge the value of precise markers and suitable tracing tools to discern the cell of origin, as it can facilitate the creation of more effective models for PDAC exploration. These conclusions shed light on our existing understanding of foundational genetically engineered mouse models and focus on the origin and development of PDAC.
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5
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Heimke M, Richter F, Heinze T, Kunke M, Wedel T, Böttner M, Egberts JH, Lucius R, Cossais F. Localization Pattern of Dispatched Homolog 2 (DISP2) in the Central and Enteric Nervous System. J Mol Neurosci 2023; 73:539-548. [PMID: 37369878 PMCID: PMC10517031 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-023-02129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Dispatched homolog (DISP) proteins have been implicated in the regulation of hedgehog signaling during embryologic development. Although DISP2 has recently been associated with neuronal development and control of cognitive functions, its localization pattern in the mammalian central and peripheral nervous system has not yet been investigated. In this study, the Disp2 expression profile was assessed in human tissues from publicly available transcriptomic datasets. The DISP2 localization pattern was further characterized in the human and rat central nervous system (CNS), as well as within the colonic enteric nervous system (ENS) using dual-label immunohistochemistry. Colocalization of DISP2 with neuronal and glial markers was additionally analyzed in murine primary ENS culture. At transcriptomic level, DISP2 expression was predominant in neuronal cell types of the CNS and ENS. DISP2 immunoreactivity was mainly located within PGP9.5-positive neurons rather than in S100-positive glial cells throughout the nervous system. Investigation of human and rat brain tissues, colonic specimens, and murine ENS primary cultures revealed that DISP2 was located in neuronal cell somata, as well as along neuronal processes both in the human and murine CNS and ENS. Our results indicate that DISP2 is prominently localized within neuronal cells of the CNS and ENS and support putative functions of DISP2 in these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Heimke
- Institute of Anatomy, Kiel University, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Florian Richter
- Department of General, Thoracic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tillmann Heinze
- Institute of Anatomy, Kiel University, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Madlen Kunke
- Institute of Anatomy, Kiel University, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thilo Wedel
- Institute of Anatomy, Kiel University, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martina Böttner
- Institute of Anatomy, Kiel University, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Ralph Lucius
- Institute of Anatomy, Kiel University, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - François Cossais
- Institute of Anatomy, Kiel University, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany.
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6
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Ruiz-Otero N, Kuruvilla R. Role of Delta/Notch-like EGF-related receptor in blood glucose homeostasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1161085. [PMID: 37223028 PMCID: PMC10200888 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1161085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell interactions are necessary for optimal endocrine functions in the pancreas. β-cells, characterized by the expression and secretion of the hormone insulin, are a major constituent of functional micro-organs in the pancreas known as islets of Langerhans. Cell-cell contacts between β-cells are required to regulate insulin production and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, which are key determinants of blood glucose homeostasis. Contact-dependent interactions between β-cells are mediated by gap junctions and cell adhesion molecules such as E-cadherin and N-CAM. Recent genome-wide studies have implicated Delta/Notch-like EGF-related receptor (Dner) as a potential susceptibility locus for Type 2 Diabetes in humans. DNER is a transmembrane protein and a proposed Notch ligand. DNER has been implicated in neuron-glia development and cell-cell interactions. Studies herein demonstrate that DNER is expressed in β-cells with an onset during early postnatal life and sustained throughout adulthood in mice. DNER loss in adult β-cells in mice (β-Dner cKO mice) disrupted islet architecture and decreased the expression of N-CAM and E-cadherin. β-Dner cKO mice also exhibited impaired glucose tolerance, defects in glucose- and KCl-induced insulin secretion, and decreased insulin sensitivity. Together, these studies suggest that DNER plays a crucial role in mediating islet cell-cell interactions and glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelmari Ruiz-Otero
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rejji Kuruvilla
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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7
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Kather A, Holtbernd F, Brunkhorst R, Hasan D, Markewitz R, Wandinger KP, Wiesmann M, Schulz JB, Tauber SC. Anti-SEZ6L2 antibodies in paraneoplastic cerebellar syndrome: case report and review of the literature. Neurol Res Pract 2022; 4:54. [PMID: 36310162 PMCID: PMC9620611 DOI: 10.1186/s42466-022-00218-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Seizure Related 6 Homolog Like 2 (SEZ6L2) protein has been shown to have implications in neuronal and especially motor function development. In oncology, overexpression of SEZ6L2 serves as a negative prognostic marker in several tumor entities. Recently, few cases of anti-SEZ6L2 antibody mediated cerebellar syndromes were reported. In this article, we present a case of a 70-year-old woman with subacute onset of gait disturbance, dysarthria and limb ataxia. Serum anti-SEZ6L2 antibodies were markedly increased, and further diagnostic workup revealed left sided breast cancer. Neurological symptoms and SEZ6L2 titer significantly improved after curative tumor therapy. This is a very rare and educationally important report of anti-SEZ6L2 autoimmune cerebellar syndrome with a paraneoplastic etiology. Additionally, we performed a review of the current literature for SEZ6L2, focusing on comparing the published cases on autoimmune cerebellar syndrome.
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8
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Setting the Stage for Insulin Granule Dysfunction during Type-1-Diabetes: Is ER Stress the Culprit? Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112695. [DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-1-diabetes (T1D) is a multifactorial disorder with a global incidence of about 8.4 million individuals in 2021. It is primarily classified as an autoimmune disorder, where the pancreatic β-cells are unable to secrete sufficient insulin. This leads to elevated blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia). The development of T1D is an intricate interplay between various risk factors, such as genetic, environmental, and cellular elements. In this review, we focus on the cellular elements, such as ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress and its consequences for T1D pathogenesis. One of the major repercussions of ER stress is defective protein processing. A well-studied example is that of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), which is known to form cytotoxic amyloid plaques when misfolded. This review discusses the possible association between ER stress, IAPP, and amyloid formation in β-cells and its consequences in T1D. Additionally, ER stress also leads to autoantigen generation. This is driven by the loss of Ca++ ion homeostasis. Imbalanced Ca++ levels lead to abnormal activation of enzymes, causing post-translational modification of β-cell proteins. These modified proteins act as autoantigens and trigger the autoimmune response seen in T1D islets. Several of these autoantigens are also crucial for insulin granule biogenesis, processing, and release. Here, we explore the possible associations between ER stress leading to defects in insulin secretion and ultimately β-cell destruction.
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9
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Zhu Y, Chen S, Liu W, Xu F, Lu J, Hayashi T, Mizuno K, Hattori S, Fujisaki H, Ikejima T. IGF-1R/YAP signaling pathway is involved in collagen V-induced insulin biosynthesis and secretion in rat islet INS-1 cells. Connect Tissue Res 2022; 63:498-513. [PMID: 35129018 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2021.2025225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Type V collagen (collagen V) is one of the important components of extracellular matrix (ECM) in pancreas. We previously reported that pre-coating collagen V on the culture dishes enhanced insulin production in INS-1 rat pancreatic β cells. In this study, we investigate the underlying mechanism. RESULTS Insulin biosynthesis and secretion are both increased in INS-1 cells cultured on collagen V-coated dishes, accompanied by the reduced nuclear translocation of Yes-associated protein (YAP), a transcriptional co-activator. YAP, the downstream effector of Hippo signaling pathway, plays an important role in the development and function of pancreas. Inhibition of YAP activation by verteporfin further up-regulates insulin biosynthesis and secretion. Silencing large tumor suppressor (LATS), a core component of Hippo pathway which inhibits activity of YAP by phosphorylation, by siRNA transfection inhibits both insulin biosynthesis and secretion. In the present study, the protein level of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1 R), detected as the upstream molecule of YAP, is reduced in the INS-1 cells cultured on the dishes coated with collagen V. The silencing of IGF-1 R by siRNA transfection further enhances insulin biosynthesis and secretion. IGF-1 treatment reduces collagen V-induced up-regulation of insulin biosynthesis and secretion, accompanying the increased nuclear YAP. CONCLUSION Inhibition of IGF-1 R/YAP signal pathway is involved in collagen V-induced insulin biosynthesis and secretion in INS-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Traditional Chinese Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuaigao Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Fanxing Xu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jingyu Lu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Toshihiko Hayashi
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan.,Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazunori Mizuno
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shunji Hattori
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hitomi Fujisaki
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Ikejima
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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10
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Pellegrini S, Zamarian V, Landi E, Cospito A, Lombardo MT, Manenti F, Citro A, Schiavo Lena M, Piemonti L, Sordi V. Treating iPSC-Derived β Cells with an Anti-CD30 Antibody-Drug Conjugate Eliminates the Risk of Teratoma Development upon Transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179699. [PMID: 36077097 PMCID: PMC9456216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-producing cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are promising candidates for β cell replacement in type 1 diabetes. However, the risk of teratoma formation due to residual undifferentiated iPSCs contaminating the differentiated cells is still a critical concern for clinical application. Here, we hypothesized that pretreatment of iPSC-derived insulin-producing cells with an anti-CD30 antibody−drug conjugate could prevent in vivo teratoma formation by selectively killing residual undifferentiated cells. CD30 is expressed in all human iPSCs clones tested by flow cytometry (n = 7) but not in iPSC-derived β cells (iβs). Concordantly, anti-CD30 treatment in vitro for 24 h induced a dose-dependent cell death (up to 90%) in human iPSCs while it did not kill iβs nor had an impact on iβ identity and function, including capacity to secrete insulin in response to stimuli. In a model of teratoma assay associated with iβ transplantation, the pretreatment of cells with anti-CD30 for 24 h before the implantation into NOD-SCID mice completely eliminated teratoma development (0/10 vs. 8/8, p < 0.01). These findings suggest that short-term in vitro treatment with clinical-grade anti-CD30, targeting residual undifferentiated cells, eliminates the tumorigenicity of iPSC-derived β cells, potentially providing enhanced safety for iPSC-based β cell replacement therapy in clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pellegrini
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Zamarian
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Landi
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cospito
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Tiffany Lombardo
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Manenti
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Citro
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Schiavo Lena
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Sordi
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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11
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Kong Y, Jing Y, Allard D, Scavuzzo MA, Sprouse ML, Borowiak M, Bettini ML, Bettini M. A dormant T cell population with autoimmune potential exhibits low self-reactivity and infiltrates islets in type 1 diabetes. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1158-1170. [PMID: 35389516 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of low affinity T cells to autoimmunity in the context of polyclonal T cell responses is understudied due to the limitations in their capture by tetrameric reagents and low level of activation in response to antigenic stimulation. As a result, low affinity T cells are often disregarded as non-antigen specific cells irrelevant to the immune response. Our study aimed to assess how the level of self-antigen reactivity shapes T cell lineage and effector responses in the context of spontaneous tissue specific autoimmunity observed in NOD mice. Using multi-color flow cytometry in combination with Nur77GFP reporter of TCR signaling we identified a dormant population of T cells that infiltrated the pancreatic islets of pre-diabetic NOD mice, which exhibited reduced level of self-tissue reactivity based on expression of CD5 and Nur77GFP . We showed that these CD5low T cells had a unique TCR repertoire, exhibited low activation and minimal effector function; however, induced rapid diabetes upon transfer. The CD4+ CD5low T cell population displayed transcriptional signature of central memory T cells, consistent with the ability to acquire effector function post-transfer. Transcriptional profile of CD5low T cells was similar to T cells expressing a low affinity TCR, indicating TCR affinity to be the important factor in shaping CD5low T cell phenotype and function at the tissue site. Overall, our study suggests that autoimmune tissue can maintain a reservoir of undifferentiated central memory-like autoreactive T cells with pathogenic effector potential that might be an important source for effector T cells during long-term chronic autoimmunity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelin Kong
- Section of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Yi Jing
- Section of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112
| | - Denise Allard
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112
| | - Marissa A Scavuzzo
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Maran L Sprouse
- Section of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Malgorzata Borowiak
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030.,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030.,McNair Medical Institute, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Matthew L Bettini
- Section of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112.,McNair Medical Institute, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Maria Bettini
- Section of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112.,McNair Medical Institute, Houston, TX, 77030
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12
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A 3D system to model human pancreas development and its reference single-cell transcriptome atlas identify signaling pathways required for progenitor expansion. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3144. [PMID: 34035279 PMCID: PMC8149728 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23295-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human organogenesis remains relatively unexplored for ethical and practical reasons. Here, we report the establishment of a single-cell transcriptome atlas of the human fetal pancreas between 7 and 10 post-conceptional weeks of development. To interrogate cell–cell interactions, we describe InterCom, an R-Package we developed for identifying receptor–ligand pairs and their downstream effects. We further report the establishment of a human pancreas culture system starting from fetal tissue or human pluripotent stem cells, enabling the long-term maintenance of pancreas progenitors in a minimal, defined medium in three-dimensions. Benchmarking the cells produced in 2-dimensions and those expanded in 3-dimensions to fetal tissue identifies that progenitors expanded in 3-dimensions are transcriptionally closer to the fetal pancreas. We further demonstrate the potential of this system as a screening platform and identify the importance of the EGF and FGF pathways controlling human pancreas progenitor expansion. From single-cell transcriptome analyses to defining culture media for spheroids, the authors provide a census of information to understand the development of human pancreatic progenitors. This approach identifies signalling pathways (EGF and FGF) regulating progenitor proliferation.
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Interactive associations of the INAFM2 rs67839313 variant and egg consumption with type 2 diabetes mellitus and fasting blood glucose in a Chinese population: A family-based study. Gene 2020; 770:145357. [PMID: 33333222 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INAFM2 rs67839313 was associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Japanese populations but not in other populations. We aimed to validate the association of rs67839313 with T2DM and explore interactive associations of INAFM2 rs67839313 and egg consumption with T2DM and fasting blood glucose (FBG) in a Chinese population. METHODS In total, 7175 participants (4202 T2DM cases) from 3980 families were included and categorized into two groups (<4 and ≥4 eggs/week) according to the median egg consumption. Multilevel logistic regression and linear regression models were performed to estimate the genetic associations of rs67839313 with T2DM and FBG, respectively. The crossproduct term between the variant and egg was included in the models for interaction analysis. RESULTS We found that rs67839313_T was associated with an increased risk of T2DM (1.22 [95% CI: 1.17-1.27], P < 0.001). Among individuals with the rs67839313_T genotype, those with egg consumption <4/week (1.37 [1.25-1.51]) had a higher T2DM risk than those with egg consumption ≥4/week (1.17 [1.11-1.23]). A significant interactive effect between rs67839313_T and egg consumption on T2DM risk was identified (P = 0.008). Moreover, among participants without T2DM, rs67839313_T was associated with FBG, with a 0.188 mmol/l increase and a 0.152 mmol/l decrease among those consuming <4 eggs/week and ≥4 eggs/week, respectively. The interaction between rs67839313_T and egg consumption was observed to be significantly associated with FBG (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS INAFM2 rs67839313_T was associated with increased T2DM risk and FBG levels in Chinese individuals, and consuming more eggs may eliminate the associated genetic risk. This finding has important implications for understanding the genetic pathogenesis of T2DM and for the precision nutrition management of T2DM.
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Dickerson MT, Dadi PK, Butterworth RB, Nakhe AY, Graff SM, Zaborska KE, Schaub CM, Jacobson DA. Tetraspanin-7 regulation of L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels controls pancreatic β-cell insulin secretion. J Physiol 2020; 598:4887-4905. [PMID: 32790176 PMCID: PMC8095317 DOI: 10.1113/jp279941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Tetraspanin (TSPAN) proteins regulate many biological processes, including intracellular calcium (Ca2+ ) handling. TSPAN-7 is enriched in pancreatic islet cells; however, the function of islet TSPAN-7 has not been identified. Here, we characterize how β-cell TSPAN-7 regulates Ca2+ handling and hormone secretion. We find that TSPAN-7 reduces β-cell glucose-stimulated Ca2+ entry, slows Ca2+ oscillation frequency and decreases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. TSPAN-7 controls β-cell function through a direct interaction with L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (CaV 1.2 and CaV 1.3), which reduces channel Ca2+ conductance. TSPAN-7 slows activation of CaV 1.2 and accelerates recovery from voltage-dependent inactivation; TSPAN-7 also slows CaV 1.3 inactivation kinetics. These findings strongly implicate TSPAN-7 as a key regulator in determining the set-point of glucose-stimulated Ca2+ influx and insulin secretion. ABSTRACT Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) is regulated by calcium (Ca2+ ) entry into pancreatic β-cells through voltage-dependent Ca2+ (CaV ) channels. Tetraspanin (TSPAN) transmembrane proteins control Ca2+ handling, and thus they may also modulate GSIS. TSPAN-7 is the most abundant islet TSPAN and immunostaining of mouse and human pancreatic slices shows that TSPAN-7 is highly expressed in β- and α-cells; however, the function of islet TSPAN-7 has not been determined. Here, we show that TSPAN-7 knockdown (KD) increases glucose-stimulated Ca2+ influx into mouse and human β-cells. Additionally, mouse β-cell Ca2+ oscillation frequency was accelerated by TSPAN-7 KD. Because TSPAN-7 KD also enhanced Ca2+ entry when membrane potential was clamped with depolarization, the effect of TSPAN-7 on CaV channel activity was examined. TSPAN-7 KD enhanced L-type CaV currents in mouse and human β-cells. Conversely, heterologous expression of TSPAN-7 with CaV 1.2 and CaV 1.3 L-type CaV channels decreased CaV currents and reduced Ca2+ influx through both channels. This was presumably the result of a direct interaction of TSPAN-7 and L-type CaV channels because TSPAN-7 coimmunoprecipitated with both CaV 1.2 and CaV 1.3 from primary human β-cells and from a heterologous expression system. Finally, TSPAN-7 KD in human β-cells increased basal (5.6 mM glucose) and stimulated (45 mM KCl + 14 mM glucose) insulin secretion. These findings strongly suggest that TSPAN-7 modulation of β-cell L-type CaV channels is a key determinant of β-cell glucose-stimulated Ca2+ entry and thus the set-point of GSIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Dickerson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 7425B MRB IV, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Prasanna K Dadi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 7425B MRB IV, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Regan B Butterworth
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 7425B MRB IV, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Arya Y Nakhe
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 7425B MRB IV, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sarah M Graff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 7425B MRB IV, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Karolina E Zaborska
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 7425B MRB IV, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Charles M Schaub
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 7425B MRB IV, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David A Jacobson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 7425B MRB IV, Nashville, TN, USA
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Perot BP, Ménager MM. Tetraspanin 7 and its closest paralog tetraspanin 6: membrane organizers with key functions in brain development, viral infection, innate immunity, diabetes and cancer. Med Microbiol Immunol 2020; 209:427-436. [PMID: 32468130 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-020-00681-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tetraspanin (TSPAN) protein family forms a family of transmembrane proteins that act as organizers/scaffold for other proteins. TSPANs are primarily present on plasma membranes although they are also found in other biological membranes. They are organized in tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs), which allow spatiotemporal tuning of protein functions through the control of their membrane localization. TSPAN6 and TSPAN7 are close paralogs expressed in different tissues, TSPAN7 being highly expressed in the brain. Their functions only started to be unveiled in the late 2000's and are still poorly understood. Here, we introduce how TSPAN7 was first highlighted has a protein mutated in some forms of X-linked mental retardation, which was later proposed to be caused by defects in neuronal morphogenesis and synaptic transmission. We then discuss the impacts TSPAN7 has on cell morphology of dendritic cells and osteoclasts, through rearrangement of actin cytoskeleton and how TSPAN7 was shown to be a target of autoantibody in patients suffering from type 1 diabetes. Finally, we are addressing the double edge sword that is TSPAN7 in cancer. In the second part of this review, we address the known roles of TSPAN6 and how this protein was shown to participate in synaptic transmission and in amyloid precursor protein secretion, which may contribute to Alzheimer's disease pathology. We conclude this review by discussing the anti-inflammatory effect of TSPAN6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brieuc P Perot
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Responses and Transcriptomic Networks in Diseases, Imagine Institute, 24 boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015, Paris, France
- Inserm UMR 1163, ATIP-Avenir Team, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Mickaël M Ménager
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Responses and Transcriptomic Networks in Diseases, Imagine Institute, 24 boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015, Paris, France.
- Inserm UMR 1163, ATIP-Avenir Team, Paris, France.
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.
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Discoidin domain receptor 1-deletion ameliorates fibrosis and promotes adipose tissue beiging, brown fat activity, and increased metabolic rate in a mouse model of cardiometabolic disease. Mol Metab 2020; 39:101006. [PMID: 32360427 PMCID: PMC7242876 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) is a collagen binding receptor tyrosine kinase implicated in atherosclerosis, fibrosis, and cancer. Our previous research showed that DDR1 could regulate smooth muscle cell trans-differentiation, fibrosis and calcification in the vascular system in cardiometabolic disease. This spectrum of activity led us to question whether DDR1 might also regulate adipose tissue fibrosis and remodeling. Methods We have used a diet-induced mouse model of cardiometabolic disease to determine whether DDR1 deletion impacts upon adipose tissue remodeling and metabolic dysfunction. Mice were fed a high fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks, followed by assessment of glucose and insulin tolerance, respiration via indirect calorimetry, and brown fat activity by FDG-PET. Results Feeding HFD induced DDR1 expression in white adipose tissue, which correlated with adipose tissue expansion and fibrosis. Ddr1−/− mice fed an HFD had improved glucose tolerance, reduced body fat, and increased brown fat activity and energy expenditure compared to Ddr1+/+ littermate controls. HFD-fed DDR1−/− mice also had reduced fibrosis, smaller adipocytes with multilocular lipid droplets, and increased UCP-1 expression characteristic of beige fat formation in subcutaneous adipose tissue. In vitro, studying C3H10T1/2 cells stimulated to differentiate, DDR1 inhibition caused a shift from white to beige adipocyte differentiation, whereas DDR1 expression was increased with TGFβ-mediated pro-fibrotic differentiation. Conclusion This study is the first to identify a role for DDR1 as a driver of adipose tissue fibrosis and suppressor of beneficial beige fat formation. DDR1 deletion results in decreased obesity, and increased energy expenditure and brown fat activity. DDR1 expression was increased in adipose and correlated with obesity and fibrosis. DDR1 deletion increased UCP-1 expression in brown and white fat in vivo, and in mesenchymal cells in vitro. Invitro studies suggest that DDR1 suppresses UCP-1 and drives pro-fibrotic differentiation of mesenchymal cells.
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Upregulated Seizure-Related 6 Homolog-Like 2 Is a Prognostic Predictor of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:7318703. [PMID: 32148567 PMCID: PMC7042535 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7318703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Seizure-related 6 homolog-like 2 (SEZ6L2), which is localized on the cell surface, has been found to be associated with tumor angiogenesis and lung cancer progression. However, the role of SEZ6L2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unclear. We obtained data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to investigate SEZ6L2 expression and regulation in HCC. Then, HCC tissue samples were collected to verify SEZ6L2 by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical staining (IHC). Patient information was collected for survival and prognosis analysis. qRT-PCR, IHC, and bioinformatics analysis showed that the SEZ6L2 protein was highly expressed in HCC samples. Clinical data showed that high SEZ6L2 protein expression was correlated with tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stages (P = 0.046), tumor number (P = 0.016), and tumor size (P = 0.029). Meanwhile, SEZ6L2 overexpression was closely associated with poor overall survival and disease-free survival in HCC patients. Moreover, SEZ6L2 is an independent prognostic predictor for the survival of HCC patients. This study suggests a significant correlation between SEZ6L2 and HCC, which means that SEZ6L2 may potentially serve as a useful prognostic biomarker for HCC patients.
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Argun-Kurum G, Kaya-Dagistanli F, Ozturk M. DPP4 inhibitor induces beta cell regeneration and DDR-1 protein expression as an endocrine progenitor cell marker in neonatal STZ-diabetic rats. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:721-731. [PMID: 31207434 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aim to investigate the effects of dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitor (Vildagliptin-VG) on DDR-1 as a marker for endocrine progenitor cells, β-cell regeneration, and apoptosis in neonatal streptozotocin (n2-STZ) diabetics. METHODS Neonatal rats were divided into two main groups as short- and long-term treatment, each consisted of four groups; (1) Control, (2) n2-STZ diabetic (single dose of 100 mg/kg STZ at 2nd day of birth), (3) n2-STZ + VG (60 mg/kg/day VG orally; for 8 and 28 days), (4) VG (60 mg/kg/day orally; for 8 and 28 days). Blood glucose levels and body weights were measured, and the tissue sections were immunostained using insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, PCNA, Pdx-1 and DDR-1 antibodies. The TUNEL method was used for apoptosis. RESULTS The number of β cells in islets of the n2-STZ + VG group increased compared to the n2-STZ group; insulin (+) cells were observed individually or as small clusters in exocrine tissue, between pancreatic duct epithelial cells, and around the ducts. The number of Pdx-1 and DDR-1 positive cells in islet and extra-islet pancreas tissue was elevated as a result of VG application compared to the STZ diabetic group; the number of double positive cells for DDR-1 and insulin increased in n2-STZ + VG rats. CONCLUSION We showed that vildagliptin promotes β cell neogenesis and regeneration, stimulates DDR-1 expression as an endocrine cell progenitor marker, suppresses apoptosis, induces islet cell proliferation and rearranges islet morphology in the n2-STZ diabetes model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Argun-Kurum
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Kaya-Dagistanli
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melek Ozturk
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Shi X, Huang G, Wang Y, Liu Z, Deng C, Li X, Zheng P, Zhou Z. Tetraspanin 7 autoantibodies predict progressive decline of beta cell function in individuals with LADA. Diabetologia 2019; 62:399-407. [PMID: 30594957 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4799-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of this work was to investigate whether tetraspanin 7 autoantibodies (TSPAN7A) are valuable in predicting poor beta cell function in individuals with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). METHODS The cross-sectional study involved participants with LADA (n = 173), type 1 diabetes (n = 158), type 2 diabetes (n = 204) and healthy control participants (n = 170). The longitudinal study involved 53 participants with LADA, with a 3-year follow-up. In both cohorts, TSPAN7A in the sera were measured by a luciferase immunoprecipitation system assay, and physical and clinical characteristics were recorded. RESULTS The prevalence of TSPAN7A in LADA, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and healthy control participants was 21.4% (37/173), 26% (41/158), 0.5% (1/204) and 1.2% (2/170), respectively. Importantly, measurement of TSPAN7A significantly increased the number of individuals with LADA found to be positive for multiple antibodies (32.4% vs 22%; p < 0.001). Further logistic regression analysis demonstrated that positivity for TSPAN7A (OR 2.87, p = 0.034), disease duration (OR 1.83, p = 0.019) and GAD antibody titre (OR 2.67, p = 0.009) were risk factors for beta cell function in LADA, while BMI (OR 0.34, p = 0.001) was a protective factor. In the prospective study in individuals with LADA, the median annual decrease in rates of fasting C-peptide and 2 h postprandial C-peptide in individuals who were positive for TSPAN7A was significantly higher when compared with the decrease in those who were negative for TSPAN7A (34.6% vs 7.9%, p = 0.043 and 33.2% vs 11%, p = 0.041, respectively). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION TSPAN7A are valid islet autoantibodies for use in East Asian populations with autoimmune diabetes and can discriminate individuals with LADA who have lower beta cell function after disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiajie Shi
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gan Huang
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanfei Wang
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenqi Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Peilin Zheng
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Huang Q, Du J, Merriman C, Gong Z. Genetic, Functional, and Immunological Study of ZnT8 in Diabetes. Int J Endocrinol 2019; 2019:1524905. [PMID: 30936916 PMCID: PMC6413397 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1524905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc level in the body is finely regulated to maintain cellular function. Dysregulation of zinc metabolism may induce a variety of diseases, e.g., diabetes. Zinc participates in insulin synthesis, storage, and secretion by functioning as a "cellular second messenger" in the insulin signaling pathway and glucose homeostasis. The highest zinc concentration is in the pancreas islets. Zinc accumulation in cell granules is manipulated by ZnT8, a zinc transporter expressed predominately in pancreatic α and β cells. A common ZnT8 gene (SLC30A8) polymorphism increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and rare mutations may present protective effects. In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), autoantibodies show specificity for binding two variants of ZnT8 (R or W at amino acid 325) dictated by a polymorphism in SLC30A8. In this review, we summarize the structure, feature, functions, and polymorphisms of ZnT8 along with its association with diabetes and explore future study directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Du
- Department of Pharmacy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Chengfeng Merriman
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Zhicheng Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
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Oakie A, Wang R. β-Cell Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in Controlling Insulin Secretion and Exocytotic Machinery: c-Kit and Insulin Receptor. Endocrinology 2018; 159:3813-3821. [PMID: 30239687 PMCID: PMC6202852 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells is initiated through channel-mediated depolarization, cytoskeletal remodeling, and vesicle tethering at the cell membrane, all of which can be regulated through cell surface receptors. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) promote β-cell development and postnatal signaling to improve β-cell mass and function, yet their activation has also been shown to initiate exocytotic events in β-cells. This review examines the role of RTK signaling in insulin secretion, with a focus on RTKs c-Kit and insulin receptor (IR). Pathways that control insulin release and the potential interplay between c-Kit and IR signaling are discussed, along with clinical implications of RTK therapy on insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Oakie
- Children’s Health Research Institute, Victoria Research Laboratories, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rennian Wang
- Children’s Health Research Institute, Victoria Research Laboratories, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Correspondence: Rennian Wang, MD, PhD, Victoria Research Laboratories, Room A5-140, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, Ontario N6C 2V5, Canada. E-mail:
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Pellegrini S, Piemonti L, Sordi V. Pluripotent stem cell replacement approaches to treat type 1 diabetes. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2018; 43:20-26. [PMID: 30071348 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells represent a potential candidate for β cell replacement in type 1 diabetes. Pluripotent stem cells are able to differentiate in vitro into functional insulin producing cells, that can restore normoglycemia in diabetic mice. Clinical trials with embryonic stem cell-derived pancreatic progenitors are ongoing. Besides, induced pluripotent stem cells offer the chance of personalized cell therapy. So far, transition to the clinic still needs to face critical issues, such as immunogenicity and safety of stem cell derived β cells. To this purpose, new strategies for immunoprotection, including micro and macro-encapsulation, but also gene editing approaches, are being explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pellegrini
- Diabetes Research Institute - IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Diabetes Research Institute - IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Italy
| | - Valeria Sordi
- Diabetes Research Institute - IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Italy.
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Cito M, Pellegrini S, Piemonti L, Sordi V. The potential and challenges of alternative sources of β cells for the cure of type 1 diabetes. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:R114-R125. [PMID: 29555660 PMCID: PMC5861368 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The experience in the field of islet transplantation shows that it is possible to replace β cells in a patient with type 1 diabetes (T1D), but this cell therapy is limited by the scarcity of organ donors and by the danger associated to the immunosuppressive drugs. Stem cell therapy is becoming a concrete opportunity to treat various diseases. In particular, for a disease like T1D, caused by the loss of a single specific cell type that does not need to be transplanted back in its originating site to perform its function, a stem cell-based cell replacement therapy seems to be the ideal cure. New and infinite sources of β cells are strongly required. In this review, we make an overview of the most promising and advanced β cell production strategies. Particular hope is placed in pluripotent stem cells (PSC), both embryonic (ESC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). The first phase 1/2 clinical trials with ESC-derived pancreatic progenitor cells are ongoing in the United States and Canada, but a successful strategy for the use of PSC in patients with diabetes has still to overcome several important hurdles. Another promising strategy of generation of new β cells is the transdifferentiation of adult cells, both intra-pancreatic, such as alpha, exocrine and ductal cells or extra-pancreatic, in particular liver cells. Finally, new advances in gene editing technologies have given impetus to research on the production of human organs in chimeric animals and on in situ reprogramming of adult cells through in vivo target gene activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monia Cito
- Diabetes Research InstituteIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Pellegrini
- Diabetes Research InstituteIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Diabetes Research InstituteIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilan, Italy
| | - Valeria Sordi
- Diabetes Research InstituteIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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24
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Jacobson EF, Tzanakakis ES. Human pluripotent stem cell differentiation to functional pancreatic cells for diabetes therapies: Innovations, challenges and future directions. J Biol Eng 2017; 11:21. [PMID: 28680477 PMCID: PMC5494890 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-017-0066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the expansion and directed pancreatogenic differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have intensified efforts to generate functional pancreatic islet cells, especially insulin-secreting β-cells, for cell therapies against diabetes. However, the consistent generation of glucose-responsive insulin-releasing cells remains challenging. In this article, we first present basic concepts of pancreatic organogenesis, which frequently serves as a basis for engineering differentiation regimens. Next, past and current efforts are critically discussed for the conversion of hPSCs along pancreatic cell lineages, including endocrine β-cells and α-cells, as well as exocrine cells with emphasis placed on the later stages of commitment. Finally, major challenges and future directions are examined, such as the identification of factors for in vivo maturation, large-scale culture and post processing systems, cell loss during differentiation, culture economics, efficiency, and efficacy and exosomes and miRNAs in pancreatic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena F Jacobson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Room 276A, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - Emmanuel S Tzanakakis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Room 276A, Medford, MA 02155 USA.,Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111 USA
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25
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Carrano AC, Mulas F, Zeng C, Sander M. Interrogating islets in health and disease with single-cell technologies. Mol Metab 2017; 6:991-1001. [PMID: 28951823 PMCID: PMC5605723 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood glucose levels are tightly controlled by the coordinated actions of hormone-producing endocrine cells that reside in pancreatic islets. Islet cell malfunction underlies diabetes development and progression. Due to the cellular heterogeneity within islets, it has been challenging to uncover how specific islet cells contribute to glucose homeostasis and diabetes pathogenesis. Recent advances in single-cell technologies and computational methods have opened up new avenues to resolve islet heterogeneity and study islet cell states in health and disease. SCOPE OF REVIEW In the past year, a multitude of studies have been published that used single-cell approaches to interrogate the transcriptome and proteome of the different islet cell types. Here, we summarize the conclusions of these studies, as well as discuss the technologies used and the challenges faced with computational analysis of single-cell data from islet studies. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS By analyzing single islet cells from rodents and humans at different ages and disease states, the studies reviewed here have provided new insight into endocrine cell function and facilitated a high resolution molecular characterization of poorly understood processes, including regeneration, maturation, and diabetes pathogenesis. Gene expression programs and pathways identified in these studies pave the way for the discovery of new targets and approaches to prevent, monitor, and treat diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Carrano
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Francesca Mulas
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Chun Zeng
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Maike Sander
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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26
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Vallabhajosyula P, Korutla L, Habertheuer A, Yu M, Rostami S, Yuan CX, Reddy S, Liu C, Korutla V, Koeberlein B, Trofe-Clark J, Rickels MR, Naji A. Tissue-specific exosome biomarkers for noninvasively monitoring immunologic rejection of transplanted tissue. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:1375-1391. [PMID: 28319051 DOI: 10.1172/jci87993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In transplantation, there is a critical need for noninvasive biomarker platforms for monitoring immunologic rejection. We hypothesized that transplanted tissues release donor-specific exosomes into recipient circulation and that the quantitation and profiling of donor intra-exosomal cargoes may constitute a biomarker platform for monitoring rejection. Here, we have tested this hypothesis in a human-into-mouse xenogeneic islet transplant model and validated the concept in clinical settings of islet and renal transplantation. In the xenogeneic model, we quantified islet transplant exosomes in recipient blood over long-term follow-up using anti-HLA antibody, which was detectable only in xenoislet recipients of human islets. Transplant islet exosomes were purified using anti-HLA antibody-conjugated beads, and their cargoes contained the islet endocrine hormone markers insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin. Rejection led to a marked decrease in transplant islet exosome signal along with distinct changes in exosomal microRNA and proteomic profiles prior to appearance of hyperglycemia. In the clinical settings of islet and renal transplantation, donor exosomes with respective tissue specificity for islet β cells and renal epithelial cells were reliably characterized in recipient plasma over follow-up periods of up to 5 years. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the biomarker potential of transplant exosome characterization for providing a noninvasive window into the conditional state of transplant tissue.
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27
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Corritore E, Lee YS, Sokal EM, Lysy PA. β-cell replacement sources for type 1 diabetes: a focus on pancreatic ductal cells. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2016; 7:182-99. [PMID: 27540464 PMCID: PMC4973405 DOI: 10.1177/2042018816652059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thorough research on the capacity of human islet transplantation to cure type 1 diabetes led to the achievement of 3- to 5-year-long insulin independence in nearly half of transplanted patients. Yet, translation of this technique to clinical routine is limited by organ shortage and the need for long-term immunosuppression, restricting its use to adults with unstable disease. The production of new bona fide β cells in vitro was thus investigated and finally achieved with human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Besides ethical concerns about the use of human embryos, studies are now evaluating the possibility of circumventing the spontaneous tumor formation associated with transplantation of PSCs. These issues fueled the search for cell candidates for β-cell engineering with safe profiles for clinical translation. In vivo studies revealed the regeneration capacity of the exocrine pancreas after injury that depends at least partially on facultative progenitors in the ductal compartment. These stimulated subpopulations of pancreatic ductal cells (PDCs) underwent β-cell transdifferentiation through reactivation of embryonic signaling pathways. In vitro models for expansion and differentiation of purified PDCs toward insulin-producing cells were described using cocktails of growth factors, extracellular-matrix proteins and transcription factor overexpression. In this review, we will describe the latest findings in pancreatic β-cell mass regeneration due to adult ductal progenitor cells. We will further describe recent advances in human PDC transdifferentiation to insulin-producing cells with potential for clinical translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Corritore
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pediatric Research Laboratory, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yong-Syu Lee
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pediatric Research Laboratory, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Etienne M. Sokal
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pediatric Research Laboratory, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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28
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McLaughlin KA, Richardson CC, Ravishankar A, Brigatti C, Liberati D, Lampasona V, Piemonti L, Morgan D, Feltbower RG, Christie MR. Identification of Tetraspanin-7 as a Target of Autoantibodies in Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 2016; 65:1690-8. [PMID: 26953162 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The presence of autoantibodies to multiple-islet autoantigens confers high risk for the development of type 1 diabetes. Four major autoantigens are established (insulin, glutamate decarboxylase, IA2, and zinc transporter-8), but the molecular identity of a fifth, a 38-kDa membrane glycoprotein (Glima), is unknown. Glima antibodies have been detectable only by immunoprecipitation from extracts of radiolabeled islet or neuronal cells. We sought to identify Glima to enable efficient assay of these autoantibodies. Mouse brain and lung were shown to express Glima. Membrane glycoproteins from extracts of these organs were enriched by detergent phase separation, lectin affinity chromatography, and SDS-PAGE. Proteins were also immunoaffinity purified from brain extracts using autoantibodies from the sera of patients with diabetes before SDS-PAGE. Eluates from gel regions equivalent to 38 kDa were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for protein identification. Three proteins were detected in samples from the brain and lung extracts, and in the immunoaffinity-purified sample, but not in the negative control. Only tetraspanin-7, a multipass transmembrane glycoprotein with neuroendocrine expression, had physical characteristics expected of Glima. Tetraspanin-7 was confirmed as an autoantigen by demonstrating binding to autoantibodies in type 1 diabetes. We identify tetraspanin-7 as a target of autoimmunity in diabetes, allowing its exploitation for diabetes prediction and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry A McLaughlin
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Carolyn C Richardson
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, U.K. School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, U.K
| | - Aarthi Ravishankar
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Cristina Brigatti
- Diabetes Research Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Liberati
- Division of Genetics and Cellular Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Vito Lampasona
- Division of Genetics and Cellular Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Diabetes Research Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Diana Morgan
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K
| | - Richard G Feltbower
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K
| | - Michael R Christie
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, U.K. School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, U.K.
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29
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Nivlet L, Herrmann J, Martin DE, Meunier A, Orvain C, Gradwohl G. Expression and functional studies of the GDNF family receptor alpha 3 in the pancreas. J Mol Endocrinol 2016; 56:77-90. [PMID: 26576643 PMCID: PMC5911917 DOI: 10.1530/jme-15-0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The generation of therapeutic β-cells from human pluripotent stem cells relies on the identification of growth factors that faithfully mimic pancreatic β-cell development in vitro. In this context, the aim of the study was to determine the expression and function of the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor receptor alpha 3 (GFRα3) and its ligand artemin (Artn) in islet cell development and function. GFRα3 and Artn expression were characterized by in situ hybridization, immunochemistry, and qRT-PCR. We used GFRα3-deficient mice to study GFRα3 function and generated transgenic mice overexpressing Artn in the embryonic pancreas to study Artn function. We found that GFRα3 is expressed at the surface of a subset of Ngn3-positive endocrine progenitors as well as of embryonic α- and β-cells, while Artn is found in the pancreatic mesenchyme. Adult β-cells lack GFRα3 but α-cells express the receptor. GFRα3 was also found in parasympathetic and sympathetic intra-islet neurons as well as in glial cells in the embryonic and adult pancreas. The loss of GFRα3 or overexpression of Artn has no impact on Ngn3 and islet cell formation and maintenance in the embryo. Islet organization and innervation as well as glucose homeostasis is normal in GFRα3-deficient mice suggesting functional redundancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Nivlet
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC)Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg (UdS), 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Joel Herrmann
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC)Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg (UdS), 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Delia Esteban Martin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC)Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg (UdS), 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Aline Meunier
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC)Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg (UdS), 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Christophe Orvain
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC)Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg (UdS), 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Gérard Gradwohl
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC)Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg (UdS), 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
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30
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Imamura M, Takahashi A, Yamauchi T, Hara K, Yasuda K, Grarup N, Zhao W, Wang X, Huerta-Chagoya A, Hu C, Moon S, Long J, Kwak SH, Rasheed A, Saxena R, Ma RCW, Okada Y, Iwata M, Hosoe J, Shojima N, Iwasaki M, Fujita H, Suzuki K, Danesh J, Jørgensen T, Jørgensen ME, Witte DR, Brandslund I, Christensen C, Hansen T, Mercader JM, Flannick J, Moreno-Macías H, Burtt NP, Zhang R, Kim YJ, Zheng W, Singh JR, Tam CHT, Hirose H, Maegawa H, Ito C, Kaku K, Watada H, Tanaka Y, Tobe K, Kawamori R, Kubo M, Cho YS, Chan JCN, Sanghera D, Frossard P, Park KS, Shu XO, Kim BJ, Florez JC, Tusié-Luna T, Jia W, Tai ES, Pedersen O, Saleheen D, Maeda S, Kadowaki T. Genome-wide association studies in the Japanese population identify seven novel loci for type 2 diabetes. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10531. [PMID: 26818947 PMCID: PMC4738362 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 80 susceptibility loci for type 2 diabetes (T2D), but most of its heritability still remains to be elucidated. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis of GWAS for T2D in the Japanese population. Combined data from discovery and subsequent validation analyses (23,399 T2D cases and 31,722 controls) identify 7 new loci with genome-wide significance (P<5 × 10(-8)), rs1116357 near CCDC85A, rs147538848 in FAM60A, rs1575972 near DMRTA1, rs9309245 near ASB3, rs67156297 near ATP8B2, rs7107784 near MIR4686 and rs67839313 near INAFM2. Of these, the association of 4 loci with T2D is replicated in multi-ethnic populations other than Japanese (up to 65,936 T2Ds and 158,030 controls, P<0.007). These results indicate that expansion of single ethnic GWAS is still useful to identify novel susceptibility loci to complex traits not only for ethnicity-specific loci but also for common loci across different ethnicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minako Imamura
- Laboratory for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Kidney Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.,Laboratory for Omics Informatics, Omics Research Center, National Cerebral And Cardiovascular Center, Suita 565-8565, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Yamauchi
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kazuo Hara
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Diabetes Endocrinology, Metabolism and Rheumatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yasuda
- Department of Metabolic Disorder, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Niels Grarup
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6021, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Alicia Huerta-Chagoya
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City C.P.14000, Mexico
| | - Cheng Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Sanghoon Moon
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Korea
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37203-1738, USA
| | - Soo Heon Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Asif Rasheed
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Ronald C W Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.,Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Minoru Iwata
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.,Health Administration Center, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Jun Hosoe
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Shojima
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Minaka Iwasaki
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hayato Fujita
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ken Suzuki
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - John Danesh
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK.,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1RQ, UK.,NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Torben Jørgensen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup DK-2600, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Aalborg, Aalborg 9220, Denmark
| | | | - Daniel R Witte
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.,Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense 5000, Denmark
| | - Ivan Brandslund
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle 7100, Denmark.,Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | | | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Josep M Mercader
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona 08034, Spain.,Center for Human Genetic Research and Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Jason Flannick
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | | - Noël P Burtt
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Korea
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37203-1738, USA
| | - Jai Rup Singh
- Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151001, India
| | - Claudia H T Tam
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Hiroshi Maegawa
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Chikako Ito
- Grand Tower Medical Court Life Care Clinic, Hiroshima 730-0012, Japan
| | - Kohei Kaku
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.,Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
| | - Yasushi Tanaka
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Kawamori
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoon Shin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Juliana C N Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dharambir Sanghera
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, n
| | | | - Kyong Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37203-1738, USA
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Korea
| | - Jose C Florez
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Center for Human Genetic Research and Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Teresa Tusié-Luna
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City C.P.14000, Mexico
| | - Weiping Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.,Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6021, USA.,Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shiro Maeda
- Laboratory for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Kidney Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.,Department of Advanced Genomic and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara 903-0215, Japan.,Division of Clinical Laboratory and Blood Transfusion, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Nishihara 903-0215, Japan
| | - Takashi Kadowaki
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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31
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Mushirobira Y, Mizuta H, Luo W, Todo T, Hara A, Reading BJ, Sullivan CV, Hiramatsu N. Molecular cloning and partial characterization of a low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 13 (Lrp13) involved in vitellogenin uptake in the cutthroat trout (
Oncorhynchus clarki
). Mol Reprod Dev 2015; 82:986-1000. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Mushirobira
- Graduate School of Fisheries SciencesHokkaido UniversityHakodateJapan
| | - Hiroko Mizuta
- Graduate School of Fisheries SciencesHokkaido UniversityHakodateJapan
| | - Wenshu Luo
- Graduate School of Fisheries SciencesHokkaido UniversityHakodateJapan
| | - Takashi Todo
- Faculty of Fisheries SciencesHokkaido UniversityHakodateJapan
| | - Akihiko Hara
- Faculty of Fisheries SciencesHokkaido UniversityHakodateJapan
| | - Benjamin J. Reading
- Department of Applied EcologyNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth Carolina
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32
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Razavi R, Najafabadi HS, Abdullah S, Smukler S, Arntfield M, van der Kooy D. Diabetes enhances the proliferation of adult pancreatic multipotent progenitor cells and biases their differentiation to more β-cell production. Diabetes 2015; 64:1311-23. [PMID: 25392245 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous pancreatic multipotent progenitors (PMPs) are ideal candidates for regenerative approaches to compensate for β-cell loss since their β-cell-producing capacities as well as strategic location would eliminate unnecessary invasive manipulations. However, little is known about the status and potentials of PMPs under diabetic conditions. Here we show that β-cell metabolic stress and hyperglycemia enhance the proliferation capacities of adult PMP cells and bias their production of progeny toward β-cells in mouse and human. These effects are dynamic and correlate with functional β-cell regeneration when conditions allow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozita Razavi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hamed S Najafabadi
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Abdullah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simon Smukler
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margot Arntfield
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Derek van der Kooy
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Sharivkin R, Walker MD, Soen Y. Functional proteomics screen enables enrichment of distinct cell types from human pancreatic islets. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0115100. [PMID: 25706282 PMCID: PMC4338300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The current world-wide epidemic of diabetes has prompted attempts to generate new sources of insulin-producing cells for cell replacement therapy. An inherent challenge in many of these strategies is the lack of cell-surface markers permitting isolation and characterization of specific cell types from differentiating stem cell populations. Here we introduce an iterative proteomics procedure allowing tag-free isolation of cell types based on their function. Our method detects and associates specific cell-surface markers with particular cell functionality by coupling cell capture on antibody arrays with immunofluorescent labeling. Using this approach in an iterative manner, we discovered marker combinations capable of enriching for discrete pancreatic cell subtypes from human islets of Langerhans: insulin-producing beta cells (CD9high/CD56+), glucagon-producing alpha cells (CD9- /CD56+) and trypsin-producing acinar cells (CD9- /CD56-). This strategy may assist future beta cell research and the development of diagnostic tools for diabetes. It can also be applied more generally for function-based purification of desired cell types from other limited and heterogeneous biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revital Sharivkin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Michael D. Walker
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
- * E-mail: (MDW); (YS)
| | - Yoav Soen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
- * E-mail: (MDW); (YS)
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34
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Gopurappilly R, Bhonde R. Transcriptional profiling and functional network analyses of islet-like clusters (ILCs) generated from pancreatic stem cells in vitro. Genomics 2015; 105:211-9. [PMID: 25622784 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We have earlier reported the generation of islet-like clusters (ILCs) from mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-like cells present in murine pancreas. Here we compare these ILCs to native primary islets by transcriptome screening. Genes were categorized into functional clusters and network analysis was done by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). The fold changes for a selected panel of molecules were validated with quantitative real time PCR. A differential expression of 6516 genes (p-value ≤ 0.05, 1.5 fold change) with upregulated expression of numerous inflammatory and 'Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition' molecules (EMT) was seen. A significant increase in the early β-cell marker expression in the ILCs indicated their progenitor status. Although not fully mature, ILCs offer certain advantages including the large number of easily inducible initiator MSCs. These 'naïve' cells may aid to devise protocols for generating functional islet equivalents. Moreover their maturation upon transplantation under local microenvironmental niche is highly possible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramesh Bhonde
- School of Regenerative Medicine (SORM), Manipal University, Bangalore 560065, India.
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35
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Osipovich AB, Long Q, Manduchi E, Gangula R, Hipkens SB, Schneider J, Okubo T, Stoeckert CJ, Takada S, Magnuson MA. Insm1 promotes endocrine cell differentiation by modulating the expression of a network of genes that includes Neurog3 and Ripply3. Development 2014; 141:2939-49. [PMID: 25053427 PMCID: PMC4197673 DOI: 10.1242/dev.104810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Insulinoma associated 1 (Insm1) plays an important role in regulating the development of cells in the central and peripheral nervous systems, olfactory epithelium and endocrine pancreas. To better define the role of Insm1 in pancreatic endocrine cell development we generated mice with an Insm1GFPCre reporter allele and used them to study Insm1-expressing and null populations. Endocrine progenitor cells lacking Insm1 were less differentiated and exhibited broad defects in hormone production, cell proliferation and cell migration. Embryos lacking Insm1 contained greater amounts of a non-coding Neurog3 mRNA splice variant and had fewer Neurog3/Insm1 co-expressing progenitor cells, suggesting that Insm1 positively regulates Neurog3. Moreover, endocrine progenitor cells that express either high or low levels of Pdx1, and thus may be biased towards the formation of specific cell lineages, exhibited cell type-specific differences in the genes regulated by Insm1. Analysis of the function of Ripply3, an Insm1-regulated gene enriched in the Pdx1-high cell population, revealed that it negatively regulates the proliferation of early endocrine cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that in developing pancreatic endocrine cells Insm1 promotes the transition from a ductal progenitor to a committed endocrine cell by repressing a progenitor cell program and activating genes essential for RNA splicing, cell migration, controlled cellular proliferation, vasculogenesis, extracellular matrix and hormone secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Osipovich
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Qiaoming Long
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Elisabetta Manduchi
- Penn Center for Bioinformatics, Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rama Gangula
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Susan B Hipkens
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Judsen Schneider
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Tadashi Okubo
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Christian J Stoeckert
- Penn Center for Bioinformatics, Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shinji Takada
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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36
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Malouf GG, Job S, Paradis V, Fabre M, Brugières L, Saintigny P, Vescovo L, Belghiti J, Branchereau S, Faivre S, de Reyniès A, Raymond E. Transcriptional profiling of pure fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma reveals an endocrine signature. Hepatology 2014; 59:2228-37. [PMID: 24443104 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLC) is a rare subtype of liver cancer occurring mostly in children and young adults. We have shown that FLC comprises two separate entities: pure (p-FLC) and mixed-FLC (m-FLC), differing in clinical presentation and course. We show that p-FLCs have a distinct gene expression signature different from that of m-FLCs, which have a signature similar to that of classical hepatocellular carcinomas. We found p-FLC profiles to be unique among 263 profiles related to diverse tumoral and nontumoral liver samples. We identified two distinct molecular subgroups of p-FLCs with different outcomes. Pathway analysis of p-FLCs revealed ERBB2 overexpression and an up-regulation of glycolysis, possibly leading to compensatory mitochondrial hyperplasia and oncocytic differentiation. Four of the sixteen genes most significantly overexpressed in p-FLCs were neuroendocrine genes: prohormone convertase 1 (PCSK1); neurotensin; delta/notch-like EGF repeat containing; and calcitonin. PCSK1 overexpression was validated by immunohistochemistry, yielding specific, diffuse staining of the protein throughout the cytoplasm, possibly corresponding to a functional form of this convertase. CONCLUSION p-FLCs have a unique transcriptomic signature characterized by the strong expression of specific neuroendocrine genes, suggesting that these tumors may have a cellular origin different from that of HCC. Our data have implications for the use of genomic profiling for diagnosis and selection of targeted therapies in patients with p-FLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel G Malouf
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beaujon University Hospital and INSERM U728, Clichy, France
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van der Meulen T, Huising MO. Maturation of stem cell-derived beta-cells guided by the expression of urocortin 3. Rev Diabet Stud 2014; 11:115-32. [PMID: 25148370 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2014.11.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a devastating disease precipitated by an autoimmune response directed at the insulin-producing beta-cells of the pancreas for which no cure exists. Stem cell-derived beta-cells show great promise for a cure as they have the potential to supply unlimited numbers of cells that could be derived from a patient's own cells, thus eliminating the need for immunosuppression. Current in vitro protocols for the differentiation of stem cell-derived beta-cells can successfully generate pancreatic endoderm cells. In diabetic rodents, such cells can differentiate further along the beta-cell lineage until they are eventually capable of restoring normoglycemia. While these observations demonstrate that stem cell-derived pancreatic endoderm has the potential to differentiate into mature, glucose-responsive beta-cells, the signals that direct differentiation and maturation from pancreatic endoderm onwards remain poorly understood. In this review, we analyze the sequence of events that culminates in the formation of beta-cells during embryonic development. and summarize how current protocols to generate beta-cells have sought to capitalize on this ontogenic template. We place particular emphasis on the current challenges and opportunities which occur in the later stages of beta-cell differentiation and maturation of transplantable stem cell-derived beta-cells. Another focus is on the question how the use of recently identified maturation markers such as urocortin 3 can be instrumental in guiding these efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talitha van der Meulen
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Clayton Laboratories for Peptide Biology, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mark O Huising
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Clayton Laboratories for Peptide Biology, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Therapies that increase functional β-cell mass may be the best long-term treatment for diabetes. Significant resources are devoted toward this goal, and progress is occurring at a rapid pace. Here, we summarize recent advances relevant to human β-cell regeneration. RECENT FINDINGS New β-cells arise from proliferation of pre-existing β-cells or transdifferentiation from other cell types. In addition, dedifferentiated β-cells may populate islets in diabetes, possibly representing a pool of cells that could redifferentiate into functional β-cells. Advances in finding strategies to drive β-cell proliferation include new insight into proproliferative factors, both circulating and local, and elements intrinsic to the β-cell, such as cell cycle machinery and regulation of gene expression through epigenetic modification and noncoding RNAs. Controversy continues in the arena of generation of β-cells by transdifferentiation from exocrine, ductal, and alpha cells, with studies producing both supporting and opposing data. Progress has been made in redifferentiation of β-cells that have lost expression of β-cell markers. SUMMARY Although significant progress has been made, and promising avenues exist, more work is needed to achieve the goal of β-cell regeneration as a treatment for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Jurczyk
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Diabetes Center of Excellence, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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39
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Abstract
Cell therapy is currently considered as a potential therapeutic alternative to traditional treatments of diabetes. Islet and whole pancreas transplantations provided the proof-of-concept of glucose homeostasis restoration after replenishment of the deficiency of β cells responsible for the disease. Current limitations of these procedures have led to the search for strategies targeting replication of pre-existing β cells or transdifferentiation of progenitors and adult cells. These investigations revealed an unexpected plasticity towards β cells of adult cells residing in pancreatic epithelium (eg, acinar, duct, and α cells). Here we discuss recent developments in β-cell replication and β-cell transdifferentiation of adult epithelial pancreatic cells, with an emphasis on techniques with a potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susan Bonner-Weir
- Correspondence to: Susan Bonner-Weir, PhD, Joslin Diabetes Center, 1 Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA; ; Phone 617-309-2581, Fax 617-309-2650
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Yamato E, Tashiro F, Miyazaki JI. Microarray analysis of novel candidate genes responsible for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in mouse pancreatic β cell line MIN6. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61211. [PMID: 23560115 PMCID: PMC3616144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the regulation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in pancreatic islet β cells is important for understanding and treating diabetes. MIN6 cells, a transformed β-cell line derived from a mouse insulinoma, retain GSIS and are a popular in vitro model for insulin secretion. However, in long-term culture, MIN6 cells' GSIS capacity is lost. We previously isolated a subclone, MIN6 clone 4, from the parental MIN6 cells, that shows well-regulated insulin secretion in response to glucose, glybenclamide, and KCl, even after prolonged culture. To investigate the molecular mechanisms responsible for preserving GSIS in this subclone, we compared four groups of MIN6 cells: Pr-LP (parental MIN6, low passage number), Pr-HP (parental MIN6, high passage number), C4-LP (MIN6 clone 4, low passage number), and C4-HP (MIN6 clone 4, high passage number). Based on their capacity for GSIS, we designated the Pr-LP, C4-LP, and C4-HP cells as “responder cells.” In a DNA microarray analysis, we identified a group of genes with high expression in responder cells (“responder genes”), but extremely low expression in the Pr-HP cells. Another group of genes (“non-responder genes”) was expressed at high levels in the Pr-HP cells, but at extremely low levels in the responder cells. Some of the responder genes were involved in secretory machinery or glucose metabolism, including Chrebp, Scgn, and Syt7. Among the non-responder genes were Car2, Maf, and Gcg, which are not normally expressed in islet β cells. Interestingly, we found a disproportionate number of known imprinted genes among the responder genes. Our findings suggest that the global expression profiling of GSIS-competent and GSIS-incompetent MIN6 cells will help delineate the gene regulatory networks for insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Yamato
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail: (EY); (JM)
| | - Fumi Tashiro
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Miyazaki
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail: (EY); (JM)
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Stützer I, Selevsek N, Esterházy D, Schmidt A, Aebersold R, Stoffel M. Systematic proteomic analysis identifies β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 2 and 1 (BACE2 and BACE1) substrates in pancreatic β-cells. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:10536-47. [PMID: 23430253 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.444703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Expansion of functional islet β-cell mass is a physiological process to compensate for increased insulin demand. Deficiency or pharmacological inhibition of the plasma membrane protease BACE2 enhances pancreatic β-cell function and proliferation, and therefore BACE2 is a putative target for the therapeutic intervention under conditions of β-cell loss and dysfunction. To gain a molecular understanding of BACE2 function, we performed a systematic and quantitative proteomic analysis to map the natural substrate repertoire of BACE2 and its homologue BACE1 in β-cells. Loss- and gain-of-function studies of in vitro and in vivo models identified specific and functionally heterogeneous targets. Our analysis revealed non-redundant roles of BACE1/2 in ectodomain shedding with BACE1 regulating a broader and BACE2 a more distinct set of β-cell-enriched substrates including two proteins of the seizure 6 protein family (SEZ6L and SEZ6L2). Lastly, our study provides insights into the global β-cell sheddome and secretome, an important prerequisite to uncover novel mechanisms contributing to β-cell homeostasis and a resource for therapeutic target and biomarker discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Stützer
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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42
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Villasenor A, Marty-Santos L, Dravis C, Fletcher P, Henkemeyer M, Cleaver O. EphB3 marks delaminating endocrine progenitor cells in the developing pancreas. Dev Dyn 2012; 241:1008-19. [PMID: 22434763 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.23781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the process by which pancreatic beta-cells acquire their "fate" is critical to the development of in vitro directed differentiation protocols for cell replacement therapies for diabetics. To date, these efforts are hampered by a paucity of markers that distinguish pancreatic endocrine cells at different stages of differentiation. RESULTS Here, we identify EphB3 as a novel pro-endocrine marker and use its expression to track delaminating islet lineages. First, we provide a detailed developmental expression profile for EphB3 and other EphB family members in the embryonic pancreas. We demonstrate that EphB3 transiently marks endocrine cells as they delaminate from the pancreatic epithelium, prior to their differentiation. Using a Tet-inducible EphB3(rtTA-lacZ) reporter line, we show that short-term pulse-labeled EphB3(+) cells co-express Pdx1, Nkx6.1, Ngn3, and Synaptophysin, but not insulin, glucagon, or other endocrine hormones. Prolonged labeling tracks EphB3(+) cells from their exit from the epithelium to their differentiation. CONCLUSIONS These studies demonstrate that pro-endocrine cell differentiation during late gestation, from delamination to maturation, takes approximately 2 days. Together, these data introduce EphB3 as a new biomarker to identify beta-cells at a critical step during their step-wise differentiation and define the timeframe of endocrine differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alethia Villasenor
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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43
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Ahnfelt-Rønne J, Hecksher-Sørensen J, Schäffer L, Madsen OD. A new view of the beta cell. Diabetologia 2012; 55:2316-8. [PMID: 22801902 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2609-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Ahnfelt-Rønne
- Islet Biology, Hagedorn Research Institute, Niels Steensensvej 1, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark
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