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Chaudhary N, Alawadhi F, Al-Serri A, Al-Temaimi R. TCF7L2 and FTO Polymorphisms Are Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Risk in Kuwait. Med Princ Pract 2024; 33:157-163. [PMID: 38228106 PMCID: PMC11045214 DOI: 10.1159/000536229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the high prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity in the region, reports are limited on genetic risk factors associated with T2DM risk in Kuwait. Our aim was to investigate the association of reported FTO and TCF7L2 T2DM genetic risk variants in Kuwaiti T2DM patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS FTO rs9939609 and TCF7L2 rs7903146 variants were genotyped in 203 T2DM patients and 162 healthy controls. Data analysis included Fisher's exact test, χ2 test, and linear and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS FTO rs9939609 (AA) and TCF7L2 rs7903146 (TT) genotypes associated with T2DM risk among Kuwaitis (p = 0.0016 and p < 0.0001; respectively). Both variants had the strongest association with T2DM risk in an autosomal recessive inheritance model (FTO rs9939609A: odds ratio (OR) 2.136, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21-3.67, p = 0.0075; TCF7L2 rs7903146T: OR 3.283, 95% CI: 1.92-5.76, p < 0.0001). Moreover, rs7903146T associated with risk of peripheral neuropathy (β = 0.735, 95% CI: 0.514-0.96, p < 0.001) and risk of myocardial infarction (β = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.024-0.7, p = 0.036) in T2DM patients. CONCLUSION The increased susceptibility of Kuwaitis to T2DM is influenced by the same common genetic factors found in other T2DM populations. Further investigations of other T2DM genetic risk factors in Kuwait should refine and further support the clinical utility of a genetic risk score in predicting T2DM risk in a high-risk population such as Kuwait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Chaudhary
- Undergraduate Medical Program, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Faye Alawadhi
- Undergraduate Medical Program, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Ahmad Al-Serri
- Human Genetics Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Rabeah Al-Temaimi
- Human Genetics Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
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2
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Jarvis PRE, Cardin JL, Nisevich-Bede PM, McCarter JP. Continuous glucose monitoring in a healthy population: understanding the post-prandial glycemic response in individuals without diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 2023:155640. [PMID: 37356796 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Continuous glucose monitoring has become a common adjunct in the management of Diabetes Mellitus. However, there has been a recent trend among individuals without diabetes using these devices as a means of monitoring their health. The increased visibility of glucose data has allowed users to study the effect lifestyle has upon post-prandial glucose levels. Although post-prandial hyperglycemia is well understood in the setting of diabetes, its impact in individuals without diabetes is less well defined. This article reviews the factors which contribute to post-prandial hyperglycemia in individuals without diabetes and how the data obtained from continuous glucose monitoring can be used to improve an individual's metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - James P McCarter
- Medical and Clinical Affairs, Abbott Laboratories, Alameda, CA, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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3
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Zhang Y, Pan GP, Cai JW, Niu YM, Xie LC. Association between Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 C/T Polymorphism and Diabetic Retinopathy Risk: A Meta-Analysis. Ophthalmic Res 2022; 66:66-74. [PMID: 35810738 DOI: 10.1159/000525803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested a close association between transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) polymorphisms and diabetic retinopathy (DR) susceptibility. However, the published results were inconsistent. This meta-analysis was conducted to review and examine the relationship between TCF7L2 rs7903146 C/T polymorphism and DR risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS Online databases were searched, and the related studies were identified in this meta-analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to examine the statistical power. Moreover, heterogeneity test, sensitivity accumulative analysis, and publication bias were conducted to measure the statistical effect. RESULT 6 studies involving 12,982 subjects were included in this meta-analysis to assess the association between rs7903146 C/T polymorphism and DR susceptibility. The synthetic results indicated that the mutation of rs7903146 C/T polymorphism maybe accompanied with an increased risk for DR (T vs. C: OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.00-1.60, p = 0.05, I2 = 83.5%; TT vs. CC: OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.12-2.86, p = 0.02, I2 = 80.2%; TT vs. CC + CT: OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.38-1.92, p < 0.01, I2 = 32.3%). Moreover, the subgroup analysis also demonstrated an increasing risk for DR with T mutations in Caucasian descendants. CONCLUSION The current evidences of meta-analysis suggested that the TCF7L2 rs7903146 C/T polymorphism might play an important role in DR susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Gui-Ping Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Jun-Wei Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yu-Ming Niu
- Department of Stomatology & Center for Clinical and Translational Medicine, Shanghai Pudong Gongli Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Long-Chuan Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Administrative Office, Taihe Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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4
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Li J, Zhou L, Ouyang X, He P. Transcription Factor-7-Like-2 (TCF7L2) in Atherosclerosis: A Potential Biomarker and Therapeutic Target. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:701279. [PMID: 34568447 PMCID: PMC8459927 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.701279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor-7-like-2 (TCF7L2), a vital member of the T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) family, plays an important role in normal human physiological and pathological processes. TCF7L2 exhibits multiple anti-atherosclerotic effects through the activation of specific molecular mechanisms, including regulation of metabolic homeostasis, macrophage polarization, and neointimal hyperplasia. A single-nucleotide substitution of TCF7L2, rs7903146, is a genetic high-risk factor for type 2 diabetes and indicates susceptibility to cardiovascular disease as a link between metabolic disorders and atherosclerosis. In this review, we summarize the anti-atherosclerosis effect and novel mechanisms underlying the function of TCF7L2 to elucidate its potential as an anti-atherosclerosis biomarker and provide a novel therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Li
- School of Nursing, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Southwest University Public Health Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinping Ouyang
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Department of Physiology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, The Neuroscience Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Pingping He
- School of Nursing, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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5
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Podboi ICR, Stephenson S, Pilic L, Graham CAM, King A, Mavrommatis Y. Dietary Intake and TCF7L2 rs7903146 T Allele Are Associated with Elevated Blood Glucose Levels in Healthy Individuals. Lifestyle Genom 2021; 14:117-123. [PMID: 34515148 DOI: 10.1159/000518523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a leading cause of global mortality with diet and genetics being considered amongst the most significant risk factors. Recently, studies have identified a single polymorphism of the TCF7L2 gene (rs7903146) as the most important genetic contributor. However, no studies have explored this factor in a healthy population and using glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), which is a reliable long-term indicator of glucose management. This study investigates the association of the genetic polymorphism rs7903146 and dietary intake with T2D risk in a population free of metabolic disease. METHODS T2D risk was assessed using HbA1c plasma concentrations and dietary intake via a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire in 70 healthy participants. RESULTS T allele carriers had higher HbA1c levels than the CC group (32.4 ± 7.2 mmol/mol vs. 30.3 ± 7.6 mmol/mol, p = 0.005). Multiple regression reported associations between diet, genotype and HbA1c levels accounting for 37.1% of the variance in HbA1c (adj. R2 = 0.371, p < 0.001). The following macronutrients, expressed as a median percentage of total energy intake (TEI) in the risk group, were positively associated with HbA1c concentration: carbohydrate (≥39% TEI, p < 0.005; 95% CI 0.030/0.130) protein (≥21% TEI, p < 0.005, 95% CI 0.034/0.141), monounsaturated (≥15% TEI p < 0.05, 95% CI 0.006/0.163) and saturated fatty acids (≥13% TEI; p < 0.05, 95% CI 0.036/0.188). CONCLUSION Carriers of the T allele showed significantly higher levels of HbA1c compared to non-carriers. Dietary intake affected T2D risk to a greater extent than genetic effects of TCF7L2rs7903146 genotype in a healthy population. The study focus on healthy individuals is beneficial due to the applicability of findings for T2D screening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sophie Stephenson
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Sciences/St Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom
| | - Leta Pilic
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Sciences/St Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alexandra King
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Sciences/St Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom
| | - Yiannis Mavrommatis
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Sciences/St Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom
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6
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Zhang Z, Xu L, Xu X. The role of transcription factor 7-like 2 in metabolic disorders. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13166. [PMID: 33615650 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2), a member of the T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor family, generally forms a complex with β-catenin to regulate the downstream target genes as an effector of the canonical Wnt signalling pathway. TCF7L2 plays a vital role in various biological processes and functions in many organs and tissues, including the liver, islet and adipose tissues. Further, TCF7L2 down-regulates hepatic gluconeogenesis and promotes lipid accumulation. In islets, TCF7L2 not only affects the insulin secretion of the β-cells but also has an impact on other cells. In addition, TCF7L2 influences adipogenesis in adipose tissues. Thus, an out-of-control TCF7L2 expression can result in metabolic disorders. The TCF7L2 gene is composed of 17 exons, generating 13 different transcripts, and has many single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The discovery that these SNPs have an impact on the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has attracted thorough investigations in the study of TCF7L2. Apart from T2D, TCF7L2 SNPs are also associated with type 1, posttransplant and other types of diabetes. Furthermore, TCF7L2 variants affect the progression of other disorders, such as obesity, cancers, metabolic syndrome and heart diseases. Finally, the interaction between TCF7L2 variants and diet also needs to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhensheng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
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7
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Nguyen-Tu MS, Martinez-Sanchez A, Leclerc I, Rutter GA, da Silva Xavier G. Adipocyte-specific deletion of Tcf7l2 induces dysregulated lipid metabolism and impairs glucose tolerance in mice. Diabetologia 2021; 64:129-141. [PMID: 33068125 PMCID: PMC7567653 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05292-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) is a downstream effector of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway implicated in type 2 diabetes risk through genome-wide association studies. Although its expression is critical for adipocyte development, the potential roles of changes in adipose tissue TCF7L2 levels in diabetes risk are poorly defined. Here, we investigated whether forced changes in Tcf7l2 expression in adipocytes affect whole body glucose or lipid metabolism and crosstalk between disease-relevant tissues. METHODS Tcf7l2 was selectively ablated in mature adipocytes in C57BL/6J mice using Cre recombinase under Adipoq promoter control to recombine Tcf7l2 alleles floxed at exon 1 (referred to as aTCF7L2 mice). aTCF7L2 mice were fed normal chow or a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. Glucose and insulin sensitivity, as well as beta cell function, were assessed in vivo and in vitro. Levels of circulating NEFA, selected hormones and adipokines were measured using standard assays. RESULTS Reduced TCF7L2 expression in adipocytes altered glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in male but not in female mice. Thus, on a normal chow diet, male heterozygote knockout mice (aTCF7L2het) exhibited impaired glucose tolerance at 16 weeks (p = 0.03) and increased fat mass (1.4 ± 0.1-fold, p = 0.007) but no changes in insulin secretion. In contrast, male homozygote knockout (aTCF7L2hom) mice displayed normal body weight but impaired oral glucose tolerance at 16 weeks (p = 0.0001). These changes were mechanistically associated with impaired in vitro glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (decreased 0.5 ± 0.1-fold vs control mice, p = 0.02) and decreased levels of the incretins glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (0.6 ± 0.1-fold and 0.4 ± 0.1-fold vs control mice, p = 0.04 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Circulating levels of plasma NEFA and fatty acid binding protein 4 were increased by 1.3 ± 0.1-fold and 1.8 ± 0.3-fold vs control mice (p = 0.03 and p = 0.05, respectively). Following exposure to a high-fat diet for 12 weeks, male aTCF7L2hom mice exhibited reduced in vivo glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (0.5 ± 0.1-fold vs control mice, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Loss of Tcf7l2 gene expression selectively in adipocytes leads to a sexually dimorphic phenotype, with impairments not only in adipocytes, but also in pancreatic islet and enteroendocrine cells in male mice only. Our findings suggest novel roles for adipokines and incretins in the effects of diabetes-associated variants in TCF7L2, and further illuminate the roles of TCF7L2 in glucose homeostasis and diabetes risk. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Sophie Nguyen-Tu
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, London, UK
| | - Aida Martinez-Sanchez
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, London, UK
| | - Isabelle Leclerc
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, London, UK
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, London, UK.
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Gabriela da Silva Xavier
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, London, UK.
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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8
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Trischitta V, Prudente S, Doria A. Disentangling the heterogeneity of adulthood-onset non-autoimmune diabetes: a little closer but lot more to do. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 55:157-164. [PMID: 33271410 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes diagnosed in adults is a highly heterogeneous disorder. It mostly consists of what is referred to as type 2 diabetes but also comprises other entities (i.e. different diseases), including latent autoimmune diabetes, late onset forms of monogenic diabetes and familial diabetes of the adulthood, which has recently been the source of new diabetogenes discovery. Notably, type 2 diabetes is itself heterogeneous as it includes subtypes with onset at the extremes of age and/or weight distributions characterized by different degree of hyperglycemia and cardiovascular risk as compared to common forms of type 2 diabetes occurring in middle-aged, overweight/obese individuals. Understanding whether these are different presentations of one, highly heterogeneous disease or separate nosological entities with different clinical trajectories and requiring different treatments is essential to effectively pursue the path of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Trischitta
- Research Unit of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Prudente
- Research Unit of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Doria
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Mathiesen DS, Bagger JI, Hansen KB, Junker AE, Plamboeck A, Harring S, Idorn T, Hornum M, Holst JJ, Jonsson AE, Hansen T, Vilsbøll T, Lund A, Knop FK. No detectable effect of a type 2 diabetes-associated TCF7L2 genotype on the incretin effect. Endocr Connect 2020; 9:1221-1232. [PMID: 33252353 PMCID: PMC7774769 DOI: 10.1530/ec-20-0471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The T allele of TCF7L2 rs7903146 is a common genetic variant associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), possibly by modulation of incretin action. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the TCF7L2 rs7903146 T allele on the incretin effect and other glucometabolic parameters in normal glucose tolerant individuals (NGT) and participants with T2D. The rs7903146 variant was genotyped in cohorts of 61 NGT individuals (23 were heterozygous (CT) or homozygous (TT) T allele carriers) and 43 participants with T2D (20 with CT/TT). Participants were previously examined by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and a subsequent isoglycemic intravenous glucose infusion (IIGI). The incretin effect was assessed by quantification of the difference in integrated beta cell secretory responses during the OGTT and IIGI. Glucose and hormonal levels were measured during experimental days, and from these, indices of beta cell function and insulin sensitivity were calculated. No genotype-specific differences in the incretin effect were observed in the NGT group (P = 0.70) or the T2D group (P = 0.68). NGT T allele carriers displayed diminished glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide response during OGTT (P = 0.01) while T allele carriers with T2D were characterized by lower C-peptide AUC after OGTT (P = 0.04) and elevated glucose AUC after OGTT (P = 0.04). In conclusion, our findings do not exclude that this specific TCF7L2 variant increases the risk of developing T2D via diminished incretin effect, but genotype-related defects were not detectable in these cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Mathiesen
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Jonatan I Bagger
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Gentofte and Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine B Hansen
- Department of Medicine, Gentofte and Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Astrid Plamboeck
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Signe Harring
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Thomas Idorn
- Center for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Hornum
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Gentofte and Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Tina Vilsbøll
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Novartis Healthcare A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Asger Lund
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Filip K Knop
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Novartis Healthcare A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Gentofte and Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Zhang X, Ye P, Huang H, Wang B, Dong F, Ling Q. TCF7L2 rs290487 C allele aberrantly enhances hepatic gluconeogenesis through allele-specific changes in transcription and chromatin binding. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:13365-13387. [PMID: 32651957 PMCID: PMC7377900 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the altered hepatic glucose metabolism and enhanced diabetes risk in individuals with the TCF7L2 rs290487 C allele. Analysis of 195 cirrhotic patients revealed a higher insulin resistance index and incidence of hepatogenous diabetes in patients with the rs290487 C/C genotype compared to those with the C/T or T/T genotype. The in vitro experiments using targeted mutant PLC-PRF-5 cell line showed that cells with the rs290487 C/C genotype (C/C cells) had higher glucose production, lower glucose uptake, and lower TCF7L2 mRNA and protein levels than those with the C/T genotype (C/T cells). Integrated multi-omics analysis of ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq, RNA-seq, and metabolomics data showed genome-wide alterations in the DNA binding affinity of TCF7L2 in the C/C cells, including gain (e.g., PFKP and PPARGC1A) and loss (e.g., PGK1 and PGM1) of binding sites in several glucose metabolism-related genes. These allele-specific changes in transcriptional regulation lead to increased expression of gluconeogenesis-related genes (PCK1, G6PC and PPARGC1A) and their downstream metabolites (oxaloacetate and β-D-fructose 2,6-bisphosphate). These findings demonstrate that the TCF7L2 rs290487 C allele enhances gluconeogenesis through allele-specific changes in transcription and chromatin binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyou Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Panpan Ye
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Huang
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baohong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Lab for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengqin Dong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Ling
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Mustafa S, Younus D. Association of TCF7L2 rs7903146 Polymorphism with the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Among Kurdish Population in Erbil Province, Iraq. Indian J Clin Biochem 2020; 36:312-318. [PMID: 34220006 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-020-00904-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The genetic predispositions responsible for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Middle East are poorly understood. The rs7903146 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located in transcription factor 7-like-2 (TCF7L2) gene has been recognized to have a vital role in the development of T2DM disorder. The current study is the first to have researched the possible association between TCF7L2 rs7903146 SNP and T2DM among Kurdish population in Kurdistan region of Iraq. The study included 212 participants, half of them were T2DM patients, and the other half were disease-free and normoglycemic controls. Genotyping was performed by using a high throughput cost and time effective tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (Tetra ARMS-PCR) assay. The rs7903146 genotypic frequencies for CC, CT and TT were 24.5%, 69.8%, and 5.7% in T2DM group respectively, and for the controls were 45.3%, 50.9%, and 3.8% respectively. The frequency of CT genotype was found significantly higher in the cases when compared to the controls (OR = 2.53, 95% CI 1.40-4.57, P value < 0.0019), which indicated that the genotype CT showed risk with diabetes. The T allele showed a high significant frequency in the patients compared to the controls (OR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.10-2.47, P value = 0.014). Our findings demonstrated that the T allele could be a risk factor for increasing the susceptibility of T2DM incidence among the Iraqi Kurdish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhad Mustafa
- General Directorate for Scientific Research, Salahaddin University- Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region Iraq
| | - Delan Younus
- General Directorate for Scientific Research, Salahaddin University- Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region Iraq
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Saisho Y. An emerging new concept for the management of type 2 diabetes with a paradigm shift from the glucose-centric to beta cell-centric concept of diabetes - an Asian perspective. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020; 21:1565-1578. [PMID: 32521177 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2020.1776262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent advances in anti-diabetic medications and glucose monitoring have led to a paradigm shift in diabetes care. Newer anti-diabetic medications such as DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), and SGLT2 inhibitors have enabled optimal glycemic control to be achieved without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia and weight gain. Treatment with GLP-1RAs and SGLT2 inhibitors has been demonstrated to improve cardiorenal outcomes, positioning these agents as the mainstay of treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The development of these newer agents has also prompted a paradigm shift in the concept of T2DM, highlighting the importance of beta cell dysfunction in the pathophysiology of T2DM. AREAS COVERED Recent advances in pharmacotherapy for diabetes are summarized with a focus on the role of incretin-based drugs and SGLT2 inhibitors. The importance of a paradigm shift from a glucose-centric to a beta cell-centric concept of T2DM is also discussed, given from an Asian perspective. EXPERT OPINION Management of T2DM including lifestyle modification as well as pharmacotherapy should be focused on reducing beta cell workload, to preserve functional beta cell mass. A paradigm shift from a glucose-centric to a beta cell-centric concept of T2DM enhances the implementation of person-centered diabetes care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Saisho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Ramu D, Perumal V, Paul SFD. Association of common type 1 and type 2 diabetes gene variants with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults: A meta-analysis. J Diabetes 2019; 11:484-496. [PMID: 30456822 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the association of common type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) gene variants (protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 22 [PTPN22] rs2476601C/T, insulin [INS] rs689A/T and transcription factor 7-like 2 [TCF7L2] rs7903146C/T) with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). METHODS A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted up to 2017 and data from 16 independent case-control studies for three gene variants were pooled. The pooled allele and genotype frequencies for each T1D and T2D gene variant were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the strength of the association. Heterogeneity tests and evaluation of publication bias were performed for all studies. RESULTS In all, 8869 cases and 20 829 controls pooled from 16 case-control studies were included in the analysis. For rs2476601, a significant association was found for homozygote TT (OR 2.67; 95% CI 1.92-3.70; P < 0.0001), heterozygote CT (OR 1.61; 95% CI 1.44-1.79; P < 0.0001), and the T allele (OR 1.62; 95% CI 1.48-1.78; P < 0.0001). Overall, a significant inverse association was observed for rs689 in the TT genotype (OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.30-0.64; P < 0.0001), AT genotype (OR 0.53; 95% CI 0.45-0.62; P < 0.0001), and T allele (OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.52-0.71; P < 0.0001). For the rs7903146 polymorphism, the T allele (OR 1.19; 95% CI 1.00-1.40; P = 0.04) may be associated with the risk of LADA. CONCLUSION The rs2476601C/T, rs689A/T, and rs7903146C/T polymorphisms were found to be associated with the risk of LADA, thereby indicating that, genetically, LADA could be an admixture of both T1D and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Ramu
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | | | - Solomon F D Paul
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
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Adams JD, Vella A. What Can Diabetes-Associated Genetic Variation in TCF7L2 Teach Us About the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes? Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2018; 16:383-389. [PMID: 29993315 DOI: 10.1089/met.2018.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a polygenic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia occurring as a result of impaired insulin secretion and/or insulin resistance. Among the various genetic factors associated with T2DM, a common genetic variant within the transcription factor 7-like 2 locus (TCF7L2) confers the greatest genetic risk for development of the disease. However, the mechanism(s) by which TCF7L2 predisposes to diabetes remain uncertain. Here we review the current literature pertaining to the potential mechanisms by which TCF7L2 confers risk of T2DM, using genetic variation as a probe to understand the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Adams
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Adrian Vella
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine , Rochester, Minnesota
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15
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Jainandunsing S, Koole HR, van Miert JNI, Rietveld T, Wattimena JLD, Sijbrands EJG, de Rooij FWM. Transcription factor 7-like 2 gene links increased in vivo insulin synthesis to type 2 diabetes. EBioMedicine 2018; 30:295-302. [PMID: 29631902 PMCID: PMC5952407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) is the main susceptibility gene for type 2 diabetes, primarily through impairing the insulin secretion by pancreatic β cells. However, the exact in vivo mechanisms remain poorly understood. We performed a family study and determined if the T risk allele of the rs7903146 in the TCF7L2 gene increases the risk of type 2 diabetes based on real-time stable isotope measurements of insulin synthesis during an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test. In addition, we performed oral minimal model (OMM) analyses to assess insulin sensitivity and β cell function indices. Compared to unaffected relatives, individuals with type 2 diabetes had lower OMM indices and a higher level of insulin synthesis. We found a T allele-dosage effect on insulin synthesis and on glucose tolerance status, therefore insulin synthesis was higher among T-allele carriers with type 2 diabetes than in wild-type individuals. These results suggest that hyperinsulinemia is not only an adaptation to insulin resistance, but also a direct cause of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjaam Jainandunsing
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Rita Koole
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joram N I van Miert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Trinet Rietveld
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J L Darcos Wattimena
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric J G Sijbrands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Felix W M de Rooij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Noordam R, Zwetsloot CPA, de Mutsert R, Mook-Kanamori DO, Lamb HJ, de Roos A, de Koning EJP, Rosendaal FR, Willems van Dijk K, van Heemst D. Interrelationship of the rs7903146 TCF7L2 gene variant with measures of glucose metabolism and adiposity: The NEO study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:150-157. [PMID: 29174029 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We investigated the interrelationship of rs7903146-T in TCF7L2 with measures of glucose metabolism and measures of adiposity. METHODS AND RESULTS This cross-sectional analysis was conducted in 5744 middle-aged participants (mean (standard deviation [SD]) age is 55.9 (6.0) years) from the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity (NEO) Study. Associations between rs7903146-T and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) were assessed with logistic regression. Additive (per-allele) associations with measures of glucose metabolism (e.g., fasting insulin) and adiposity (e.g., body mass index [BMI]) were examined with multivariable linear regression. In the total study population, rs7903146-T was associated with a higher risk of T2D (additive odds ratio: 1.42; 95% confidence interval: 1.17; 1.72), and specifically with T2D treated with insulin analogs (2.31 [1.19; 4.46]). After exclusion of participants treated with glucose-lowering medication, rs7903146-T was associated with lower mean insulin concentration (additive mean difference: -0.07 SD [-0.14; 0.00]), but not with higher mean glucose concentration (0.03 SD [-0.01; 0.07]). Furthermore, rs7903146-T was associated with, among other measures of adiposity, a lower mean BMI (-0.04 SD [-0.09; -0.00]), and a lower mean total body fat (-0.04 SD [-0.08; -0.00]). The association between rs7903146-T and T2D increased after adjustment for BMI (odds ratio: 1.51 [1.24; 1.86]); the association between rs7903146-T and fasting insulin diminished after adjustment (-0.05 SD [-0.11; 0.02]). CONCLUSION rs7903146-T is associated with a decreased insulin concentration and increased risk of T2D with opposing effects of adjustment for adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - C P A Zwetsloot
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - D O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - H J Lamb
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A de Roos
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E J P de Koning
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - F R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - K Willems van Dijk
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - D van Heemst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Li Q, Guo D, Yang H, Ye Z, Huang J, Shu Y. Metabolic Response to Olanzapine in Healthy Chinese Subjects with rs7093146 Polymorphism in Transcription Factor 7-like 2 Gene (TCF7L2): A Prospective Study. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 120:601-609. [PMID: 27983772 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Olanzapine is a widely used atypical antipsychotic with significant weight gain and other metabolic side effects. The locus of the transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The goal of this study was to determine whether polymorphic TCF7L2 is involved in the susceptibility to the metabolic changes associated with the atypical antipsychotic agents (AAPs). In this study, a parallel clinical study with 3-day consecutive administration of olanzapine (10 mg/day) was conducted in 17 healthy subjects with a genotype of TCF7L2 rs7903146 CC (N = 10) or CT (N = 7). Olanzapine caused rapid metabolic changes including body-weight gain, increased triglycerides level and reduced HDL-cholesterol level in the healthy subjects. rs7093146 T carriers (CT) were found to have greater AUC0-2 hr of insulin during OGTT compared to those (CC) bearing only reference alleles before and after olanzapine treatment. However, the triglyceride level in the subjects with the CT genotype was found to be significantly lower than that in the subjects with CC genotype. Moreover, a significant interaction between the effect by genotype and that by olanzapine treatment on triglyceride level was identified. Acute olanzapine treatment also significantly caused total protein, albumin and haemoglobin decrease and uric acid increase in the healthy subjects. In conclusion, even acute olanzapine treatment induces significant and rapid metabolic changes, and TCF7L2 polymorphism is a genetic risk factor of olanzapine-associated metabolic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhi Ye
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Shu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
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da Silva Xavier G, Mondragon A, Mourougavelou V, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Denom J, Herrera PL, Magnan C, Rutter GA. Pancreatic alpha cell-selective deletion of Tcf7l2 impairs glucagon secretion and counter-regulatory responses to hypoglycaemia in mice. Diabetologia 2017; 60:1043-1050. [PMID: 28343277 PMCID: PMC5423960 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4242-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) is a high mobility group (HMG) box-containing transcription factor and downstream effector of the Wnt signalling pathway. SNPs in the TCF7L2 gene have previously been associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in genome-wide association studies. In animal studies, loss of Tcf7l2 function is associated with defective islet beta cell function and survival. Here, we explore the role of TCF7L2 in the control of the counter-regulatory response to hypoglycaemia by generating mice with selective deletion of the Tcf7l2 gene in pancreatic alpha cells. METHODS Alpha cell-selective deletion of Tcf7l2 was achieved by crossing mice with floxed Tcf7l2 alleles to mice bearing a Cre recombinase transgene driven by the preproglucagon promoter (PPGCre), resulting in Tcf7l2AKO mice. Glucose homeostasis and hormone secretion in vivo and in vitro, and islet cell mass were measured using standard techniques. RESULTS While glucose tolerance was unaffected in Tcf7l2AKO mice, glucose infusion rates were increased (AUC for glucose during the first 60 min period of hyperinsulinaemic-hypoglycaemic clamp test was increased by 1.98 ± 0.26-fold [p < 0.05; n = 6] in Tcf7l2AKO mice vs wild-type mice) and glucagon secretion tended to be lower (plasma glucagon: 0.40 ± 0.03-fold vs wild-type littermate controls [p < 0.01; n = 6]). Tcf7l2AKO mice displayed reduced fasted plasma glucose concentration. Glucagon release at low glucose was impaired in islets isolated from Tcf7l2AKO mice (0.37 ± 0.02-fold vs islets from wild-type littermate control mice [p < 0.01; n = 6). Alpha cell mass was also reduced (72.3 ± 20.3% [p < 0.05; n = 7) in Tcf7l2AKO mice compared with wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The present findings demonstrate an alpha cell-autonomous role for Tcf7l2 in the control of pancreatic glucagon secretion and the maintenance of alpha cell mass and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela da Silva Xavier
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Angeles Mondragon
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Vishnou Mourougavelou
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Jessica Denom
- Université Paris Diderot Paris 7 - CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | - Pedro Luis Herrera
- Department of Genetic Medicine & Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
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Lu J, Varghese RT, Zhou L, Vella A, Jensen MD. Glucose tolerance and free fatty acid metabolism in adults with variations in TCF7L2 rs7903146. Metabolism 2017; 68:55-63. [PMID: 28183453 PMCID: PMC5308561 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE TCF7L2 variant rs7903146 is associated with increased risk for type 2 diabetes. We investigated the effect of TCF7L2 variant rs7903146 and glucose tolerance on free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We recruited 120 individuals, half homozygous for the major CC allele and half homozygous for the minor TT allele at rs7903146; each underwent a 2-h, 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Plasma glucose, insulin and free fatty acid concentrations were measured on blood collected before and during the OGTT. RESULTS Total FFA concentrations and percent FA species during OGTT were not different in CC and TT carriers when males and females were considered together. However, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) concentrations and percentages were greater in TT than CC females during the OGTT. TT carriers with high HOMA-IR had significantly greater fasting FFA concentrations, lower disposition index (DI) and greater AUC of glucose than high HOMA-IR CC carriers, whereas no such differences were observed in the low HOMA-IR group. We found that fasting (826±25 vs. 634±22μmol/L, P<0.0001) and OGTT plasma FFA concentrations were greater in IGT than NGT subjects, and the difference remained after adjusting for sex, age, BMI, and genotype. Finally, IGT subjects had greater MUFA concentrations and percentages than NGT subjects during OGTT. CONCLUSIONS Despite similar fasting insulin and glucose, fasting plasma FFA are greater in IGT than NGT adults. Insulin resistance and sex influence plasma FFA responses amongst carriers of the minor T allele of TCF7L2 rs7903146.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Ron T Varghese
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Lianzhen Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Adrian Vella
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Michael D Jensen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN.
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Homozygous carriers of the TCF7L2 rs7903146 T-allele show altered postprandial response in triglycerides and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43128. [PMID: 28220878 PMCID: PMC5318936 DOI: 10.1038/srep43128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The TCF7L2 rs7903146 T-allele shows the strongest association with type 2 diabetes (T2D) among common gene variants. The aim of this study was to assess circulating levels of metabolites following a meal test in individuals carrying the high risk rs790346 TT genotype (cases) and low-risk CC genotype (controls). Sixty-two men were recruited based on TCF7L2 genotype, 31 were TT carriers and 31 were age- and BMI-matched CC carriers. All participants consumed a test meal after 12 hours of fasting. Metabolites were measured using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Metabolomic profiling of TCF7L2 carriers were performed for 141 lipid estimates. TT carriers had lower fasting levels of L-VLDL-L (total lipids in large very low density lipoproteins, p = 0.045), L-VLDL-CE (cholesterol esters in large VLDL, p = 0.03), and L-VLDL-C (total cholesterol in large VLDL, p = 0.045) compared to CC carriers. Additionally, TT carriers had lower postprandial levels of total triglycerides (TG) (q = 0.03), VLDL-TG (q = 0.05, including medium, small and extra small, q = 0.048, q = 0.0009, q = 0.04, respectively), HDL-TG (triglycerides in high density lipoproteins q = 0.037) and S-HDL-TG (q = 0.00003). In conclusion, TT carriers show altered postprandial triglyceride response, mainly influencing VLDL and HDL subclasses suggesting a genotype-mediated effect on hepatic lipid regulation.
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Abstract
This article describes phenotypes observed in a prediabetic population (i.e. a population with increased risk for type 2 diabetes) from data collected at the University hospital of Tübingen. We discuss the impact of genetic variation on insulin secretion, in particular the effect on compensatory hypersecretion, and the incretin-resistant phenotype of carriers of the gene variant TCF7L2 is described. Imaging studies used to characterise subphenotypes of fat distribution, metabolically healthy obesity and metabolically unhealthy obesity are described. Also discussed are ectopic fat stores in liver and pancreas that determine the phenotype of metabolically healthy and unhealthy fatty liver and the recently recognised phenotype of fatty pancreas. The metabolic impact of perivascular adipose tissue and pancreatic fat is discussed. The role of hepatokines, particularly that of fetuin-A, in the crosstalk between these organs is described. Finally, the role of brain insulin resistance in the development of the different prediabetes phenotypes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
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Kong X, Xing X, Hong J, Zhang X, Yang W. Association of a type 2 diabetes genetic risk score with insulin secretion modulated by insulin sensitivity among Chinese Hans. Clin Genet 2016; 91:832-842. [PMID: 27280334 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. The present study aimed to identify the influence of insulin sensitivity on the genetic risk of impaired insulin secretion among a Chinese Han population. For 3229 controls and 1994 treatment-naïve T2D, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 24 T2D-related genomic loci were genotyped and a genetic risk score (GRS) was constructed. Results showed that GRS was associated with insulin secretion and disposition indices in both controls and treatment-naïve T2Ds. Upon stratifying the participants into tertiles by the Matsuda index, we observed an inhibitory relationship between the GRS and insulin secretion in low insulin sensitive but not in high insulin sensitive controls and treatment-naïve T2Ds. Moreover, low insulin sensitive individuals exhibited more severe impairment in insulin secretion and beta cell response to insulin sensitivity with an increase in risk alleles. Our findings identified that the association of GRS with insulin secretion was strongly modulated by insulin sensitivity in both controls and T2Ds of Chinese Han. It indicates that insulin sensitization should be emphasized in prevention and treatment of T2D for beta cell protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Kong
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - X Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - J Hong
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - W Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Zhou Y, Oskolkov N, Shcherbina L, Ratti J, Kock KH, Su J, Martin B, Oskolkova MZ, Göransson O, Bacon J, Li W, Bucciarelli S, Cilio C, Brazma A, Thatcher B, Rung J, Wierup N, Renström E, Groop L, Hansson O. HMGB1 binds to the rs7903146 locus in TCF7L2 in human pancreatic islets. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 430:138-45. [PMID: 26845344 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The intronic SNP rs7903146 in the T-cell factor 7-like 2 gene (TCF7L2) is the common genetic variant most highly associated with Type 2 diabetes known to date. The risk T-allele is located in an open chromatin region specific to human pancreatic islets of Langerhans, thereby accessible for binding of regulatory proteins. The risk T-allele locus exhibits stronger enhancer activity compared to the non-risk C-allele. The aim of this study was to identify transcriptional regulators that bind the open chromatin region in the rs7903146 locus and thereby potentially regulate TCF7L2 expression and activity. Using affinity chromatography followed by Edman sequencing, we identified one candidate regulatory protein, i.e. high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1). The binding of HMGB1 to the rs7903146 locus was confirmed in pancreatic islets from human deceased donors, in HCT116 and in HEK293 cell lines using: (i) protein purification on affinity columns followed by Western blot, (ii) chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by qPCR and (iii) electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The results also suggested that HMGB1 might have higher binding affinity to the C-allele of rs7903146 compared to the T-allele, which was supported in vitro using Dynamic Light Scattering, possibly in a tissue-specific manner. The functional consequence of HMGB1 depletion in HCT116 and INS1 cells was reduced insulin and TCF7L2 mRNA expression, TCF7L2 transcriptional activity and glucose stimulated insulin secretion. These findings suggest that the rs7903146 locus might exert its enhancer function by interacting with HMGB1 in an allele dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuedan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
| | - Nikolay Oskolkov
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
| | - Liliya Shcherbina
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
| | - Joyce Ratti
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1GA, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kian-Hong Kock
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1GA, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jing Su
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Functional Genomics, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Brian Martin
- National Institute of Mental Health NIMH, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Olga Göransson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
| | - Julie Bacon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, 22100, Sweden
| | | | - Corrado Cilio
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
| | - Alvis Brazma
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Functional Genomics, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Bradley Thatcher
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
| | - Johan Rung
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Functional Genomics, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Nils Wierup
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
| | - Erik Renström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
| | - Ola Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden.
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24
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Inaishi J, Saisho Y, Sato S, Kou K, Murakami R, Watanabe Y, Kitago M, Kitagawa Y, Yamada T, Itoh H. Effects of Obesity and Diabetes on α- and β-Cell Mass in Surgically Resected Human Pancreas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:2874-82. [PMID: 27070277 PMCID: PMC4929842 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-1374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The ethnic difference in β-cell regenerative capacity in response to obesity may be attributable to different phenotypes of type 2 diabetes among ethnicities. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to clarify the effects of diabetes and obesity on β- (BCM) and α-cell mass (ACM) in the Japanese population. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We obtained the pancreases of 99 individuals who underwent pancreatic surgery and whose resected pancreas sample contained adequate normal pancreas for histological analysis. Questionnaires on a family history of diabetes and history of obesity were conducted in 59 patients. Pancreatic sections were stained for insulin or glucagon, and fractional β- and α-cell area were measured. Islet size and density as well as β-cell turnover were also quantified. RESULTS In patients with diabetes, BCM was decreased by 46% compared with age- and body mass index-matched nondiabetic patients (1.48% ± 1.08% vs 0.80% ± 0.54%, P < .001), whereas there was no difference in ACM between the groups. There was no effect of obesity or history of obesity on BCM and ACM irrespective of the presence or absence of diabetes. There was a negative correlation between BCM, but not ACM, and glycated hemoglobin before and after pancreatic surgery. In addition, reduced BCM was observed in patients with pancreatic cancer compared with those with other pancreatic tumors. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the increase in BCM in the face of insulin resistance is extremely limited in the Japanese, and BCM rather than ACM has a major role in regulating blood glucose level in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Inaishi
- Departments of Internal Medicine (J.I., Y.S., S.S., K.K., R.M., Y.W., H.I.), Surgery (M.K., Y.K.), and Pathology (T.Y.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Pathology (T.Y.), Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Saisho
- Departments of Internal Medicine (J.I., Y.S., S.S., K.K., R.M., Y.W., H.I.), Surgery (M.K., Y.K.), and Pathology (T.Y.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Pathology (T.Y.), Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Seiji Sato
- Departments of Internal Medicine (J.I., Y.S., S.S., K.K., R.M., Y.W., H.I.), Surgery (M.K., Y.K.), and Pathology (T.Y.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Pathology (T.Y.), Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Kinsei Kou
- Departments of Internal Medicine (J.I., Y.S., S.S., K.K., R.M., Y.W., H.I.), Surgery (M.K., Y.K.), and Pathology (T.Y.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Pathology (T.Y.), Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Rie Murakami
- Departments of Internal Medicine (J.I., Y.S., S.S., K.K., R.M., Y.W., H.I.), Surgery (M.K., Y.K.), and Pathology (T.Y.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Pathology (T.Y.), Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Yuusuke Watanabe
- Departments of Internal Medicine (J.I., Y.S., S.S., K.K., R.M., Y.W., H.I.), Surgery (M.K., Y.K.), and Pathology (T.Y.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Pathology (T.Y.), Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Minoru Kitago
- Departments of Internal Medicine (J.I., Y.S., S.S., K.K., R.M., Y.W., H.I.), Surgery (M.K., Y.K.), and Pathology (T.Y.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Pathology (T.Y.), Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Departments of Internal Medicine (J.I., Y.S., S.S., K.K., R.M., Y.W., H.I.), Surgery (M.K., Y.K.), and Pathology (T.Y.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Pathology (T.Y.), Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Taketo Yamada
- Departments of Internal Medicine (J.I., Y.S., S.S., K.K., R.M., Y.W., H.I.), Surgery (M.K., Y.K.), and Pathology (T.Y.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Pathology (T.Y.), Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Departments of Internal Medicine (J.I., Y.S., S.S., K.K., R.M., Y.W., H.I.), Surgery (M.K., Y.K.), and Pathology (T.Y.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Pathology (T.Y.), Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
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25
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Lin Z, Zhao Y, Song L, Mu K, Zhang M, Liu H, Li X, Zhao J, Wang C, Jia W. Deletion of β-Arrestin2 in Mice Limited Pancreatic β-Cell Expansion under Metabolic Stress through Activation of the JNK Pathway. Mol Med 2016; 22:74-84. [PMID: 26954469 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2015.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Arrestin2 (βarr2) is an adaptor protein that interacts with numerous signaling molecules and regulates insulin sensitivity. We reported previously that βarr2 was abundantly expressed in mouse pancreatic β-cells, and loss of βarr2 leads to impairment of acute- and late-phase insulin secretion. In the present study, we examined the dynamic changes of β-cell mass in βarr2-deficient (βarr2-/-) mice in vivo and explored the underlying mechanisms involved. βarr2-/- mice with exclusively luciferase overexpression in β-cells were generated and fed a high-fat diet (HFD). β-Cell mass was determined by in vivo noninvasive bioluminescence imaging from 4 to 20 wks of age. Proliferation was measured by 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunoblotting were conducted for gene and protein expression. We found that β-cell mass was reduced dramatically in βarr2-/- mice at 12 wks old compared with that of their respective HFD-fed controls. The percentage of BrdU- and Ki67-positive cells reduced in islets from βarr2-/- mice. Exposure of βarr2-/- islets to high levels of glucose and free fatty acids (FFAs) exacerbated cell death, which was associated with upregulation of the JNK pathway in these islets. Conversely, overexpression of βarr2 amplified β-cell proliferation with a concomitant increase in cyclinD2 expression and a decrease in p21 expression and protected β-cells from glucose- and FFA-induced cell death through JNK-activation inhibition. In conclusion, βarr2 plays roles in regulation of pancreatic β-cell mass through the modulation of cell cycle regulatory genes and the inhibition of JNK activation induced by glucolipotoxity, which implicates a role for βarr2 in the development of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lige Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaida Mu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institutes for Biological Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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26
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van der Kroef S, Noordam R, Deelen J, Akintola AA, Jansen SWM, Postmus I, Wijsman CA, Beekman M, Mooijaart SP, Slagboom PE, van Heemst D. Association between the rs7903146 Polymorphism in the TCF7L2 Gene and Parameters Derived with Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Individuals without Diabetes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149992. [PMID: 26914832 PMCID: PMC4767367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rs7903146-T allele in the transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene has been associated with impaired pancreatic insulin secretion, enhanced liver glucose production, and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Nevertheless, the impact of rs7903146 on daily glucose trajectories remains unclear. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) can estimate glycemia and glycemic variability based on consecutive glucose measurements collected over several days. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the associations of rs7903146 with glycemia and glycemic variability in middle-aged participants without diabetes. METHODS Complete data from 235 participants without diabetes from the Leiden Longevity Study were available. Participants were divided into two groups based on rs7903146 genotype; rs7903146-CC genotype carriers (N = 123) and rs7903146-CT/TT genotype carriers (N = 112). Validated parameters of glycemia (e.g., mean 24h glucose level) and glycemic variability (e.g., 24h standard deviation) were derived from data collected with a CGM system for a 72-hour period. RESULTS The study population was on average 64.7 years old (standard deviation = 5.9) and composed of 49.8% of women. Compared with rs7903146-CC carriers, rs7903146-CT/TT carriers exhibited a trend towards a higher mean 24-hour glucose level (5.21 versus 5.32 mmol/L; p-value = 0.15) and a significantly higher mean nocturnal glucose (3:00am- 6:00am; 4.48 versus 4.67 mmol/L; p-value = 0.03) that was explained for 34.6% by body weight and percentage body fat. No differences in measures of glycemic variability between the genotype groups were observed. CONCLUSION Despite limited sample size, our study indicates that the rs7903146-T allele in TCF7L2 was associated with a higher mean nocturnal glucose dependent on body composition, which might suggest that rs7902146 affects liver-specific aspects of glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina van der Kroef
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Joris Deelen
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Abimbola A. Akintola
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Steffy W. M. Jansen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Iris Postmus
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Carolien A. Wijsman
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marian Beekman
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Simon P. Mooijaart
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - P. Eline Slagboom
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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27
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Shah M, Varghese RT, Miles JM, Piccinini F, Dalla Man C, Cobelli C, Bailey KR, Rizza RA, Vella A. TCF7L2 Genotype and α-Cell Function in Humans Without Diabetes. Diabetes 2016; 65:371-80. [PMID: 26525881 PMCID: PMC4747457 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The diabetes-associated allele in TCF7L2 increases the rate of conversion to diabetes; however, the mechanism by which this occurs remains elusive. We hypothesized that the diabetes-associated allele in this locus (rs7903146) impairs insulin secretion and that this defect would be exacerbated by acute free fatty acid (FFA)-induced insulin resistance. We studied 120 individuals of whom one-half were homozygous for the diabetes-associated allele TT at rs7903146 and one-half were homozygous for the protective allele CC. After a screening examination during which glucose tolerance status was determined, subjects were studied on two occasions in random order while undergoing an oral challenge. During one study day, FFA was elevated by infusion of Intralipid plus heparin. On the other study day, subjects received the same amount of glycerol as present in the Intralipid infusion. β-Cell responsivity indices were estimated with the oral C-peptide minimal model. We report that β-cell responsivity was slightly impaired in the TT genotype group. Moreover, the hyperbolic relationship between insulin secretion and β-cell responsivity differed significantly between genotypes. Subjects also exhibited impaired suppression of glucagon after an oral challenge. These data imply that a genetic variant harbored within the TCF7L2 locus impairs glucose tolerance through effects on glucagon as well as on insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Shah
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Ron T Varghese
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - John M Miles
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Francesca Piccinini
- Department of Information Engineering, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Dalla Man
- Department of Information Engineering, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Cobelli
- Department of Information Engineering, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Kent R Bailey
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Robert A Rizza
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Adrian Vella
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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28
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Wnt9a deficiency discloses a repressive role of Tcf7l2 on endocrine differentiation in the embryonic pancreas. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19223. [PMID: 26771085 PMCID: PMC4725895 DOI: 10.1038/srep19223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional and signaling networks establish complex cross-regulatory interactions that drive cellular differentiation during development. Using microarrays we identified the gene encoding the ligand Wnt9a as a candidate target of Neurogenin3, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that functions as a master regulator of pancreatic endocrine differentiation. Here we show that Wnt9a is expressed in the embryonic pancreas and that its deficiency enhances activation of the endocrine transcriptional program and increases the number of endocrine cells at birth. We identify the gene encoding the endocrine transcription factor Nkx2-2 as one of the most upregulated genes in Wnt9a-ablated pancreases and associate its activation to reduced expression of the Wnt effector Tcf7l2. Accordingly, in vitro studies confirm that Tcf7l2 represses activation of Nkx2-2 by Neurogenin3 and inhibits Nkx2-2 expression in differentiated β-cells. Further, we report that Tcf7l2 protein levels decline upon initiation of endocrine differentiation in vivo, disclosing the downregulation of this factor in the developing endocrine compartment. These findings highlight the notion that modulation of signalling cues by lineage-promoting factors is pivotal for controlling differentiation programs.
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29
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Nano R, Melzi R, Mercalli A, Balzano G, Scavini M, Bonadonna R, Piemonti L. Islet Volume and Indexes of β-Cell Function in Humans. Cell Transplant 2015; 25:491-501. [PMID: 26102316 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x688498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Islet volume and endocrine pancreas architecture (islet size distribution) may be independent determinants of β-cell function. Furthermore, the accuracy of homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) indexes in predicting β-cell mass has never been assessed. Here we investigated the relationships between islet volume, islet density, and islet size distribution, estimated after pancreatic tissue digestion, with established indexes of β-cell function in humans. We included in this study 42 patients who were candidates for islet autotransplantation and had well-characterized glucose metabolism. Indexes of insulin secretion were calculated and compared with the islet volume, as a surrogate of β-cell mass, obtained after digestion of pancreas. Islet counting analysis showed considerable interindividual variation in islet density and size. Islet volume, but not density nor size, was the only independent determinant of β-cell function assessed by insulin HOMA β-cell. Islet volume was significantly reduced in the patients with overt hyperglycemia, but not in patients with impaired fasting glucose. Insulin HOMA β-cell predicted islet volume better than other measures of fasting insulin secretion. In conclusion, the present study documented a close direct relationship between indexes of β-cell function and islet volume in humans. The insulin HOMA β-cell provides a more reliable estimate of pancreatic islet volume than fasting glucose before islet isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Nano
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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30
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Ametov AS, Kamynina LL, Akhmedova ZG. Type 2 diabetes mellitus: Clinical aspects of genetics, nutrigenetics, and pharmacogenetics. TERAPEVT ARKH 2015. [DOI: 10.17116/terarkh2015878124-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Rulifson IC, Majeti JZ, Xiong Y, Hamburger A, Lee KJ, Miao L, Lu M, Gardner J, Gong Y, Wu H, Case R, Yeh WC, Richards WG, Baribault H, Li Y. Inhibition of secreted frizzled-related protein 5 improves glucose metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 307:E1144-52. [PMID: 25370851 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00283.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the role of secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5) in metabolism and obesity has been complicated by contradictory findings when knockout mice were used to determine metabolic phenotypes. By overexpressing SFRP5 in obese, prediabetic mice we consistently observed elevated hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance, supporting SFRP5 as a negative regulator of glucose metabolism. Accordingly, Sfrp5 mRNA expression analysis of both epididymal and subcutaneous adipose depots of mice indicated a correlation with obesity. Thus, we generated a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against SFRP5 to ascertain the effect of SFRP5 inhibition in vivo. Congruent with SFRP5 overexpression worsening blood glucose levels and glucose intolerance, anti-SFRP5 mAb therapy improved these phenotypes in vivo. The results from both the overexpression and mAb inhibition studies suggest a role for SFRP5 in glucose metabolism and pancreatic β-cell function and thus establish the use of an anti-SFRP5 mAb as a potential approach to treat type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yumei Xiong
- Amgen Incorporated, South San Francisco, California; and
| | | | | | - Li Miao
- Amgen Incorporated, South San Francisco, California; and
| | - Mei Lu
- Amgen Incorporated, South San Francisco, California; and
| | | | - Yan Gong
- Amgen Incorporated, South San Francisco, California; and
| | - Hai Wu
- Amgen Incorporated, South San Francisco, California; and
| | - Ryan Case
- Amgen Incorporated, South San Francisco, California; and
| | - Wen-Chen Yeh
- Amgen Incorporated, South San Francisco, California; and
| | | | | | - Yang Li
- Amgen Incorporated, South San Francisco, California; and
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32
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Rutter GA. Dorothy Hodgkin Lecture 2014. Understanding genes identified by genome-wide association studies for type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 2014; 31:1480-7. [PMID: 25186316 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Whilst the heritable nature of Type 2 diabetes has been recognized for many years, only in the past two decades have linkage analyses in families and genome-wide association studies in large populations begun to reveal the genetic landscape of the disease in detail. Whilst the former have provided a powerful means of identifying the genes responsible for monogenic forms of the disease, the latter highlight relatively large genomic regions. These often harbour multiple genes, whose relative contribution to exaggerated disease risk is uncertain. In the present study, the approaches that have been used to dissect the role of just a few (TCF7L2, SLC30A8, ADCY5, MTNR1B and CDKAL1) of the ~ 500 genes identified at dozens of implicated loci are described. These are usually selected based on the strength of their effect on disease risk, and predictions as to their likely biological role. Direct determination of the effects of identified polymorphisms on gene expression in disease-relevant tissues, notably the pancreatic islet, are then performed to identify genes whose expression is affected by a particular polymorphism. Subsequent functional analyses then involve perturbing gene expression in vitro in β-cell lines or isolated islets and in vivo in animal models. Although the majority of polymorphisms affect insulin production rather than action, and mainly affect the β cell, effects via other tissues may also contribute, requiring careful consideration in the design and interpretation of experiments in model systems. These considerations illustrate the scale of the task needed to exploit genome-wide association study data for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Rutter
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cell Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Bailey KA, Savic D, Zielinski M, Park SY, Wang LJ, Witkowski P, Brady M, Hara M, Bell GI, Nobrega MA. Evidence of non-pancreatic beta cell-dependent roles of Tcf7l2 in the regulation of glucose metabolism in mice. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 24:1646-54. [PMID: 25398947 PMCID: PMC4381752 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding variation within TCF7L2 remains the strongest genetic determinant of type 2 diabetes risk in humans. A considerable effort has been placed in understanding the functional roles of TCF7L2 in pancreatic beta cells, despite evidence of TCF7L2 expression in various peripheral tissues important in glucose homeostasis. Here, we use a humanized mouse model overexpressing Tcf7l2, resulting in glucose intolerance, to infer the contribution of Tcf7l2 overexpression in beta cells and in other tissues to the metabolic phenotypes displayed by these mice. Restoring Tcf7l2 expression specifically in beta cells to endogenous levels, in face of its overexpression elsewhere, results in impaired insulin secretion, reduced beta cell number and islet area, corroborating data obtained in humans showing similar phenotypes as a result of manipulations leading to Tcf7l2 loss of function. Interestingly, the persistent overexpression of Tcf7l2 in non-pancreatic tissues results in a significant worsening in glucose tolerance in vivo, indicating that Tcf7l2 overexpression in beta cells does not account for the glucose intolerance in the Tcf7l2 overexpression mouse model. Collectively, these data posit that Tcf7l2 plays key roles in glucose metabolism through actions beyond pancreatic beta cells, and further points to functionally opposing cell-type specific effects for Tcf7l2 on the maintenance of balanced glucose metabolism, thereby urging a careful examination of its role in non-pancreatic tissues as well as its composite metabolic effects across distinct tissues. Uncovering these roles may lead to new therapeutic targets for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Matthew Brady
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Graeme I Bell
- Department of Human Genetics, Department of Medicine
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Mitchell RK, Mondragon A, Chen L, Mcginty JA, French PM, Ferrer J, Thorens B, Hodson DJ, Rutter GA, Da Silva Xavier G. Selective disruption of Tcf7l2 in the pancreatic β cell impairs secretory function and lowers β cell mass. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 24:1390-9. [PMID: 25355422 PMCID: PMC4321446 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by β cell dysfunction and loss. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the T-cell factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene, associated with T2D by genome-wide association studies, lead to impaired β cell function. While deletion of the homologous murine Tcf7l2 gene throughout the developing pancreas leads to impaired glucose tolerance, deletion in the β cell in adult mice reportedly has more modest effects. To inactivate Tcf7l2 highly selectively in β cells from the earliest expression of the Ins1 gene (∼E11.5) we have therefore used a Cre recombinase introduced at the Ins1 locus. Tcfl2fl/fl::Ins1Cre mice display impaired oral and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance by 8 and 16 weeks, respectively, and defective responses to the GLP-1 analogue liraglutide at 8 weeks. Tcfl2fl/fl::Ins1Cre islets displayed defective glucose- and GLP-1-stimulated insulin secretion and the expression of both the Ins2 (∼20%) and Glp1r (∼40%) genes were significantly reduced. Glucose- and GLP-1-induced intracellular free Ca2+ increases, and connectivity between individual β cells, were both lowered by Tcf7l2 deletion in islets from mice maintained on a high (60%) fat diet. Finally, analysis by optical projection tomography revealed ∼30% decrease in β cell mass in pancreata from Tcfl2fl/fl::Ins1Cre mice. These data demonstrate that Tcf7l2 plays a cell autonomous role in the control of β cell function and mass, serving as an important regulator of gene expression and islet cell coordination. The possible relevance of these findings for the action of TCF7L2 polymorphisms associated with Type 2 diabetes in man is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan K Mitchell
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine
| | - Angeles Mondragon
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Jorge Ferrer
- Section of Genetics and Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Bernard Thorens
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Physiology Department, University of Lausanne, Genopode Building, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David J Hodson
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine,
| | - Gabriela Da Silva Xavier
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine,
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Thomsen SK, Gloyn AL. The pancreatic β cell: recent insights from human genetics. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2014; 25:425-34. [PMID: 24986330 PMCID: PMC4229643 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterised by relative or absolute pancreatic β cell dysfunction. Genetic variants implicated in disease risk can be identified by studying affected individuals. To understand the mechanisms driving genetic associations, variants must be translated through causative transcripts to biological insights. Studies into the genetic basis of Mendelian forms of diabetes have successfully identified genes involved in both β cell function and pancreatic development. For type 2 diabetes (T2D), genome-wide association studies (GWASs) are uncovering an ever-increasing number of susceptibility variants that exert their effect through β cell dysfunction, but translation to mechanistic understanding has in most cases been slow. Improved annotations of the islet genome and advances in whole-genome and -exome sequencing (WHS and WES) have facilitated recent progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soren K Thomsen
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Headington, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Anna L Gloyn
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Headington, OX3 7LE, UK; Oxford National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Headington, OX3 7LE, UK.
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36
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Pradas-Juni M, Nicod N, Fernández-Rebollo E, Gomis R. Differential transcriptional and posttranslational transcription factor 7-like regulation among nondiabetic individuals and type 2 diabetic patients. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 28:1558-70. [PMID: 25058603 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Human genetic studies have revealed that the T minor allele of single nucleotide polymorphism rs7903146 in the transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene is strongly associated with an increased risk of diabetes by 30%-40%. Molecular and clinical studies are of great importance for understanding how this unique variation in TCF7L2 influences type 2 diabetes (T2D) onset and progression. At the molecular level, some studies have been performed in diabetic mice and pancreatic islets from healthy human donors. Whereas TCF7L2 mRNA levels are up-regulated in islets, protein levels are down-regulated. We performed studies on TCF7L2 splicing, mRNA expression, and protein levels in immortalized human lymphocytes from nondiabetic individuals and T2D patients carrying the C/C or the at-risk T/T genotype. Our results show differential expression of TCF7L2 splice variants between nondiabetic and T2D patients carrying the at-risk genotype, as well as differences in protein levels. Therefore, we investigated the regulation of splice variants, and our results propose that splicing of exon 4 is under control of the serine-arginine-rich factor transformer 2 β (TRA2B). Finally, we studied the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways, looking for a posttranslational explanation. We saw a shift in the activation of these pathways between nondiabetic individuals and T2D patients carrying the at-risk genotype. These results suggest that, in human immortalized lymphocytes carrying the at-risk T/T genotype, first the differential expression of TCF7L2 splice variants implies a regulation, at least for exon 4, by TRA2B and second, the differential protein levels between both T/T carriers point to a different activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pradas-Juni
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory (M.P.-J., N.N., E.F-R., R.G.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (M.P.-J., N.N., E.F.-R., R.G.), 08017 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine (R.G.), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; and Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (R.G.), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Zhou Y, Park SY, Su J, Bailey K, Ottosson-Laakso E, Shcherbina L, Oskolkov N, Zhang E, Thevenin T, Fadista J, Bennet H, Vikman P, Wierup N, Fex M, Rung J, Wollheim C, Nobrega M, Renström E, Groop L, Hansson O. TCF7L2 is a master regulator of insulin production and processing. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:6419-31. [PMID: 25015099 PMCID: PMC4240194 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have revealed >60 loci associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the underlying causal variants and functional mechanisms remain largely elusive. Although variants in TCF7L2 confer the strongest risk of T2D among common variants by presumed effects on islet function, the molecular mechanisms are not yet well understood. Using RNA-sequencing, we have identified a TCF7L2-regulated transcriptional network responsible for its effect on insulin secretion in rodent and human pancreatic islets. ISL1 is a primary target of TCF7L2 and regulates proinsulin production and processing via MAFA, PDX1, NKX6.1, PCSK1, PCSK2 and SLC30A8, thereby providing evidence for a coordinated regulation of insulin production and processing. The risk T-allele of rs7903146 was associated with increased TCF7L2 expression, and decreased insulin content and secretion. Using gene expression profiles of 66 human pancreatic islets donors’, we also show that the identified TCF7L2-ISL1 transcriptional network is regulated in a genotype-dependent manner. Taken together, these results demonstrate that not only synthesis of proinsulin is regulated by TCF7L2 but also processing and possibly clearance of proinsulin and insulin. These multiple targets in key pathways may explain why TCF7L2 has emerged as the gene showing one of the strongest associations with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuedan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | | | - Jing Su
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Functional Genomics, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Kathleen Bailey
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Liliya Shcherbina
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Nikolay Oskolkov
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Enming Zhang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Thomas Thevenin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - João Fadista
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Hedvig Bennet
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Petter Vikman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Nils Wierup
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Malin Fex
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Johan Rung
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden and
| | - Claes Wollheim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Université de Genève, University Medical Centre, 1 rue Michel-Servet, Geneva 4 1211, Switzerland
| | - Marcelo Nobrega
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Erik Renström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Ola Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden,
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Mizukami H, Takahashi K, Inaba W, Tsuboi K, Osonoi S, Yoshida T, Yagihashi S. Involvement of oxidative stress-induced DNA damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autophagy deficits in the decline of β-cell mass in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 2014; 37:1966-74. [PMID: 24705612 DOI: 10.2337/dc13-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Deficits of β-cells characterize the islet pathology in type 2 diabetes. It is yet to be clear how the β-cell loss develops in type 2 diabetes. We explored the implication of oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-induced stress, and autophagy deficit in the β-cell decline in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Pancreases from recent autopsy cases of 47 type 2 diabetic and 30 nondiabetic subjects were investigated on the islet structure with morphometric analysis. Volume densities of islet (Vi), β-cell (Vβ), and α-cell (Vα) were measured. To evaluate cell damage of endocrine cells, immunohistochemical expressions of oxidative stress-related DNA damage as expressed by γH2AX, ER stress-related cell damage as CCAAT/enhancer 1 binding protein-β (C/EBP-β), and autophagy deficit as P62 were semiquantified, and their correlations to islet changes were sought. RESULTS Compared with nondiabetic subjects, Vβ was reduced in diabetic subjects. Contrariwise, there was an increase in Vα. There was a significant link between reduced Vβ and increased HbA1c levels (P < 0.01) and a trend of inverse correlation between Vβ and duration of diabetes (P = 0.06). Expressions of γH2AX, P62, and C/EBP-β were all enhanced in diabetic islets, and reduced Vβ correlated with the intensity of γH2AX expression but not with C/EBP-β or P62 expressions. Combined expressions of γH2AX, P62, and C/EBP-β were associated with severe reduction of Vβ. CONCLUSIONS β-Cell deficit in type 2 diabetes was associated with increased oxidative stress and may further be augmented by autophagic deficits and ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Mizukami
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kazunori Takahashi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Wataru Inaba
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tsuboi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Sho Osonoi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Taro Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Soroku Yagihashi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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Wagner R, Li J, Kenar E, Kohlbacher O, Machicao F, Häring HU, Fritsche A, Xu G, Lehmann R. Clinical and non-targeted metabolomic profiling of homozygous carriers of Transcription Factor 7-like 2 variant rs7903146. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5296. [PMID: 24925104 PMCID: PMC4055885 DOI: 10.1038/srep05296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An important role of the type 2 diabetes risk variant rs7903146 in TCF7L2 in metabolic actions of various tissues, in particular of the liver, has recently been demonstrated by functional animal studies. Accordingly, the TT diabetes risk allele may lead to currently unknown alterations in human. Our study revealed no differences in the kinetics of glucose, insulin, C-peptide and non-esterified fatty acids during an OGTT in homozygous participants from a German diabetes risk cohort (n = 1832) carrying either the rs7903146 CC (n = 15) or the TT (n = 15) genotype. However, beta-cell function was impaired for TT carriers. Covering more than 4000 metabolite ions the plasma metabolome did not reveal any differences between genotypes. Our study argues against a relevant impact of TCF7L2 rs7903146 on the systemic level in humans, but confirms the role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in humans as a mechanism impairing insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wagner
- 1] Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine 4, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany [2] Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany [3] German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen [4]
| | - Jia Li
- 1] CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China [2]
| | - Erhan Kenar
- 1] Applied Bioinformatics, Center for Bioinformatics, Quantitative Biology Center, and Department of Computer Science, University of Tuebingen, Sand 14, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany [2]
| | - Oliver Kohlbacher
- Applied Bioinformatics, Center for Bioinformatics, Quantitative Biology Center, and Department of Computer Science, University of Tuebingen, Sand 14, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Fausto Machicao
- 1] Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine 4, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany [2] Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany [3] German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- 1] Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine 4, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany [2] Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany [3] German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- 1] Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine 4, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany [2] Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany [3] German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Rainer Lehmann
- 1] Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany [2] German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen [3] Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department of Internal Medicine 4, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Kou K, Saisho Y, Sato S, Yamada T, Itoh H. Islet number rather than islet size is a major determinant of β- and α-cell mass in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:1733-40. [PMID: 24517149 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to clarify the relative contribution of islet number and islet size to β- and α-cell mass in humans. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We obtained the pancreas at autopsy from 72 Japanese adults with no history of diabetes or pancreatitis (aged 47 ± 12 years, body mass index 24.1 ± 5.0 kg/m(2)). Pancreatic sections were stained for insulin or glucagon, and fractional β-cell area (%BCA) and α-cell area (%ACA) were measured. Islet number and islet size as well as β-cell turnover were also quantified. Glycosylated hemoglobin measured within 1 year prior to death was obtained in 38 individuals. RESULTS There was considerable interindividual variation in islet density and mean islet size, with a significant negative correlation between the two (r = -0.25, P = .03). There were significant positive correlations between islet density and %BCA or %ACA (r = 0.63, P < .001, and r = 0.41, P = .001), whereas mean islet size correlated with neither of them. Islet density as well as %BCA, but not mean islet size, was negatively correlated with glycosylated hemoglobin (r = -0.37, P = .02, and r = -0.36, P = .03). CONCLUSION The present study suggests that islet number rather than islet size is a major determinant of β- and α-cell mass in humans. Interindividual difference in islet number may contribute to susceptibility to development of glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinsei Kou
- Departments of Internal Medicine (K.K., Y.S., S.S., H.I.) and Pathology (T.Y.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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Genetics of type 2 diabetes: insights into the pathogenesis and its clinical application. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:926713. [PMID: 24864266 PMCID: PMC4016836 DOI: 10.1155/2014/926713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With rapidly increasing prevalence, diabetes has become one of the major causes of mortality worldwide. According to the latest studies, genetic information makes substantial contributions towards the prediction of diabetes risk and individualized antidiabetic treatment. To date, approximately 70 susceptibility genes have been identified as being associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) at a genome-wide significant level (P < 5 × 10−8). However, all the genetic loci identified so far account for only about 10% of the overall heritability of T2D. In addition, how these novel susceptibility loci correlate with the pathophysiology of the disease remains largely unknown. This review covers the major genetic studies on the risk of T2D based on ethnicity and briefly discusses the potential mechanisms and clinical utility of the genetic information underlying T2D.
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Neve B, Le Bacquer O, Caron S, Huyvaert M, Leloire A, Poulain-Godefroy O, Lecoeur C, Pattou F, Staels B, Froguel P. Alternative human liver transcripts of TCF7L2 bind to the gluconeogenesis regulator HNF4α at the protein level. Diabetologia 2014; 57:785-96. [PMID: 24463962 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-3154-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Gene polymorphisms of TCF7L2 are associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) plays a role in hepatic glucose metabolism. We therefore addressed the impact of TCF7L2 isoforms on hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) and the regulation of gluconeogenesis genes. METHODS Liver TCF7L2 transcripts were analysed by quantitative PCR in 33 non-diabetic and 31 type 2 diabetic obese individuals genotyped for TCF7L2 rs7903146. To analyse transcriptional regulation by TCF7L2, small interfering RNA transfection, luciferase reporter and co-immunoprecipitation assays were performed in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. RESULTS In livers of diabetic compared with normoglycaemic individuals, five C-terminal TCF7L2 transcripts showed increased expression. The type 2 diabetes risk allele of rs7903146 positively correlated with TCF7L2 expression in livers from normoglycaemic individuals only. In HepG2 cells, transcript and TCF7L2 protein levels were increased upon incubation in high glucose and insulin. Of the exon 13 transcripts, six were increased in a glucose dose-responsive manner. TCF7L2 transcriptionally regulated 29 genes related to glucose metabolism, including glucose-6-phosphatase. In cultured HepG2 cells, TCF7L2 did not regulate HNF4Α and FOXO1 transcription, but did affect HNF4α protein expression. The TCF7L2 isoforms T6 and T8 (without exon 13 and with exon 15/14, respectively) specifically interacted with HNF4α. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The different levels of expression of alternative C-terminal TCF7L2 transcripts in HepG2 cells, in livers of normoglycaemic individuals carrying the rs7901346 type 2 diabetes risk allele and in livers of diabetic individuals suggest that these transcripts play a role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. We also report for the first time a protein interaction in HepG2 cells between HNF4α and the T6 and T8 isoforms of TCF7L2, which suggests a distinct role for these specific alternative transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Neve
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille, France,
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Wang X, Lei XG, Wang J. Malondialdehyde regulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in murine islets via TCF7L2-dependent Wnt signaling pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 382:8-16. [PMID: 24035868 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Evidence showed strong relations between malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and different pathological stages of diabetes. Here, an explicit system with freshly isolated islets and precisely controlled MDA gradient was employed to investigate the physiological effect of MDA on GSIS. Promoter analysis, pathway mapping, Q-PCR profiling, and siRNA verification were performed to clarify the intracellular signaling pathways. MDA at a moderately high level (5 and 10μM) promoted GSIS and accompanied with ATP/ADP ratio, cytosolic Ca(2+) level, and key regulators (GK, GLUT2, PDX1, and UCP2) changes in islets. Both upstream (PI3K and p-AKT) and downstream (TCF7L2 and TCF7) factors of Wnt pathway showed greatest changes. Knockdown of TCF7L2 blocked the MDA-induced GSIS elevation. These results indicated that MDA acted as a signaling messenger and regulated islet GSIS mainly through Wnt pathway. Therefore, the elevated MDA level and up-regulated Wnt signaling pathway could be an etiological factor in the development of hyperinsulinemia and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Wang
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Animal Science Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Xin Gen Lei
- Animal Science Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Jufang Wang
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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Weight loss independent association of TCF7 L2 gene polymorphism with fasting blood glucose after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in type 2 diabetic patients. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2014; 10:679-83. [PMID: 25224167 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery improves glucose control in most but not all patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2 DM). Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7 L2) gene variation (rs7903146, C: wild-type allele, T: risk-allele) is the strongest contributor to T2 DM risk. Until now, there are no studies investigating gene interactions with changes of glycemia in obese patients with T2 DM after RYGB. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of TCF7 L2 genotype on RYGB-induced changes in glucose homeostasis in 99 obese patients with T2 DM at 1-year follow-up. METHODS Body mass index (BMI) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were measured before and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after RYGB. Genotyping was performed with TaqMan technology. The effect of the interaction between TCF7 L2 genotype and postoperative time on BMI and FBG changes was analyzed with a linear mixed model. RESULTS Preoperatively, there was no difference in BMI, FBG, and other diabetes associated traits between homozygous (CC) (n = 49) and heterozygous (CT) or homozygous (TT) T risk-allele carriers (n = 50). One year after RYGB, 48 out of 99 patients had glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1 c) lower than 6.5% in absence of any antidiabetic medication. BMI decreased similarly in both groups (P = .769, genotype-time interaction), however, the decrease in FBG over time was lower in T risk-allele carriers (P = .016, genotype-time interaction). At 1 year, FBG was 6.42 ± 2.98 mmol/L in CT/TT versus 5.36 ± 0.98 mmol/L in CC (P = .022, t test). CONCLUSION TCF7 L2 gene variation affected the decrease of FBG after RYGB in obese patients with T2 DM, independently of weight loss.
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Basile KJ, Johnson ME, Xia Q, Grant SFA. Genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes and obesity: follow-up of findings from genome-wide association studies. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:769671. [PMID: 24719615 PMCID: PMC3955626 DOI: 10.1155/2014/769671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the underlying genetic variations influencing various complex diseases is one of the major challenges currently facing clinical genetic research. Although these variations are often difficult to uncover, approaches such as genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have been successful at finding statistically significant associations between specific genomic loci and disease susceptibility. GWAS has been especially successful in elucidating genetic variants that influence type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity/body mass index (BMI). Specifically, several GWASs have confirmed that a variant in transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) confers risk for T2D, while a variant in fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) confers risk for obesity/BMI; indeed both of these signals are considered the most statistically associated loci discovered for these respective traits to date. The discovery of these two key loci in this context has been invaluable for providing novel insight into mechanisms of heritability and disease pathogenesis. As follow-up studies of TCF7L2 and FTO have typically lead the way in how to follow up a GWAS discovery, we outline what has been learned from such investigations and how they have implications for the myriad of other loci that have been subsequently reported in this disease context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Basile
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, 34th and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew E. Johnson
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, 34th and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Qianghua Xia
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, 34th and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Struan F. A. Grant
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, 34th and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, 34th and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- 1216F Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, 34th and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- *Struan F. A. Grant:
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Bondar' IA, Filipenko ML, Shabel'nikova OY, Sokolova EA. Rs7903146 variant of TCF7L2 gene and rs18012824 variant of PPARG2 gene (Pro12Ala) are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Novosibirsk population. DIABETES MELLITUS 2013. [DOI: 10.14341/dm2013417-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aim. To investigate the association of polymorphisms in TCF7L2 and PPARG2 genes with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Novosibirsk population. Materials and Methods. We examined 391 patients with T2DM and 556 individuals with normal glucose metabolism. Allelic identification was performed with TaqMan technique, implementing allele-specific real-time PCR. Results. Analysis shows that allelic frequency distribution of rs1801282 variant of PPARG2 gene and rs7903146 variant of TCF7L2 differs significantly between the study and control groups (OR [CI 95%]=1.44 [1.12?1.85], p=0.005 and OR [CI 95%]=1.57 [1.17?2.10], p=0.003, respectively). T2DM patients with T/T genotype of rs7903146 variant of TCF7L2 gene had lower BMI (p=0.02). Observed combination of risk alleles reached 99%. Combined beta-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance genotypes were identified in 56% of tested subjects, isolated insulin resistance ? in 42.2% of subjects, and isolated beta-cell dysfunction ? in 0.8% of subjects. Conclusion. Our data shows that carrier state of 12Pro rs1801284 variant of PPARG2 gene and T-allele rs7903146 variant of TCF7L2 gene are associated with T2DM in Novosibirsk population, increasing its risk 1.44 and 1.57 times, respectively. Combination of these polymorphisms was observed in 99% of patients with T2DM.
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a global pandemic for which there is currently no disease-modifying treatment. New and targeted therapeutics are greatly needed, but progress in identifying novel targets for therapeutic intervention is severely hampered by poor understanding of disease pathogenesis. Over the past 6 years, the success of genome-wide association studies has led to an unprecedented increase in the number of loci robustly associating with type 2 diabetes risk. Each of these signals offers the opportunity to uncover biological insights into disease pathogenesis, which, if harnessed effectively, hold the promise to deliver new pathways for therapeutic intervention, strategies for patient stratification, and potentially, biomarkers for identifying those at greatest risk of developing diabetes. We review the progress that has been made and the approaches being adopted and discuss the inherent challenges in moving from association signals, which largely map to poorly annotated sequence, to transcripts, mechanisms, and disease biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jin Ng
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK,
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Kong X, Hong J, Chen Y, Chen L, Zhao Z, Li Q, Ge J, Chen G, Guo X, Lu J, Weng J, Jia W, Ji L, Xiao J, Shan Z, Liu J, Tian H, Ji Q, Zhu D, Zhou Z, Shan G, Yang W. Association of genetic variants with isolated fasting hyperglycaemia and isolated postprandial hyperglycaemia in a Han Chinese population. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71399. [PMID: 23990951 PMCID: PMC3747192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with type 2 diabetes have been identified, the genetic bases of isolated fasting hyperglycaemia (IFH) and isolated postprandial hyperglycaemia (IPH) were still unclear. In present study, we aimed to investigate the association of genome-wide association study-validated genetic variants and IFH or IPH in Han Chinese. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We genotyped 27 validated SNPs in 6,663 unrelated individuals comprising 341 IFH, 865 IPH, 1,203 combined fasting hyperglycaemia and postprandial hyperglycaemia, and 4,254 normal glycaemic subjects of Han ancestry. The distributions of genotype frequencies of FTO, CDKAL1 and GCKR were significant different between individuals with IFH and those with IPH (SNP(ptrend ): rs8050136(0.0024), rs9939609(0.0049), rs7756992(0.0122), rs780094(0.0037)). Risk allele of FTO specifically increased the risk of IFH (rs8050136: OR 1.403 [95% CI 1.125-1.750], p = 0.0027; rs9939609: 1.398 [1.120-1.744], p = 0.0030). G allele of CDKAL1 specifically increased the risk of IPH (1.217 [1.092-1.355], p = 0.0004). G allele of GCKR increased the risk of IFH (1.167 [0.999-1.362], p = 0.0513), but decreased the risk of IPH (0.891 [0.801-0.991], p = 0.0331). In addition, TCF7L2 and KCNQ1 increased the risk of both IFH and IPH. When combined, each additional risk allele associated with IFH increased the risk for IFH by 1.246-fold (p<0.0001), while each additional risk allele associated with IPH increased the risk for IPH by 1.190-fold (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Our results indicate that genotype distributions of variants from FTO, GCKR, CDKAL1 were different between IPH and IFH in Han Chinese. Variants of genes modulating insulin sensitivity (FTO, GCKR) contributed to the risk of IFH, while variants of genes related to beta cell function (CDKAL1) increase the risk of IPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomu Kong
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Control, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Hong
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Control, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics, Beijing Genetics Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiapu Ge
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region's Hospital, Urmqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaohui Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Juming Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Weng
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiping Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Linong Ji
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhong Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Control, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Haoming Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiuhe Ji
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dalong Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Second Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guangliang Shan
- Department of Epidemiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenying Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Control, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Human genetics is revealing ever more variants that influence propensity to common diseases, but progress in translating these discoveries into the biological mechanisms responsible for predisposition continues to lag behind. A recent paper in Cell (Boj et al., 2012) using rodent models to examine how diabetes-associated variants near TCF7L2 perturb metabolic regulation provides surprising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark I McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK.
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Renström E. Impact of transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) on pancreatic islet function and morphology in mice and men. Diabetologia 2012; 55:2559-2561. [PMID: 22864463 PMCID: PMC3433659 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Common genetic variations in the gene encoding transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) reveal the strongest association with type 2-diabetes known to date. These lead to impaired insulin production and output, but the mechanisms of disease remain incompletely known. In this issue of Diabetologia, two publications provide new insights into TCF7L2-dependent diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Renström
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Inga-Marie Nilssons gata 53 floor 3, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
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