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Li C, Ó Gráda C, Lumey LH. Famine mortality and contributions to later-life type 2 diabetes at the population level: a synthesis of findings from Ukrainian, Dutch and Chinese famines. BMJ Glob Health 2024; 9:e015355. [PMID: 39209764 PMCID: PMC11367352 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2024-015355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the 1970s, influential literature has been using famines as natural experiments to examine the long-term health impact of prenatal famine exposure at the individual level. Although studies based on various famines have consistently shown that prenatal famine exposure is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), no studies have yet quantified the contribution of famines to later-life T2D at the population level. We, therefore, synthesised findings from the famines in Ukraine 1932-1933, the Western Netherlands 1944-1945 and China 1959-1961 to make preliminary estimates of T2D cases attributable to prenatal famine exposure. These famines were selected because they provide the most extensive and reliable data from an epidemiological perspective. We observed a consistent increase in T2D risk among prenatally exposed individuals in these famines, which translated into about 21 000, 400 and 0.9 million additional T2D cases due to prenatal famine exposure in Ukraine, Western Netherlands and China, respectively. The T2D increase related to famine exposure represented only around 1% of prevalent T2D cases in these countries. Our observations highlight the significant increase in later-life T2D risk among individuals with prenatal famine exposure but also the limited contribution of prenatal famine exposure to T2D epidemics at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihua Li
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, Macau SAR
| | | | - L H Lumey
- Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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Moriconi D, Manca L, Rebelos E, Guidotti E, Bonvicini L, Troilo A, Anselmino M, Nannipieri M. Long-Term effects of physical activity on weight loss, metabolic parameters and blood pressure in subjects undergoing bariatric surgery: A 5-year follow-up study. Am J Surg 2024; 234:143-149. [PMID: 38679511 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2024.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND bariatric surgery stands as an effective intervention for weight loss and improved metabolic control in obesity, although over time there is a proportion of weight regain and type-2-diabetes (T2D) relapse. AIMS to explore the role of physical activity (PA) after surgery and its impact on metabolic parameters during a 5-year follow-up. METHODS 148 individuals who underwent bariatric surgery completed scheduled examinations over 5-years. Physical assessments and laboratory tests were conducted pre-surgery and annually thereafter. PA levels were evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. RESULTS participants were split into the PA group, who engaged in regular physical activity, and No-PA group, who remained sedentary throughout. In T2D individuals before surgery, PA group showed significant reductions in blood pressure and a lower T2D recurrence (6.7 % vs 36 %) compared to No-PA group. In normoglycemic individuals, the PA group led to sustained BMI reduction and improved blood pressure control (p < 0.001) compared to No-PA group, for the entire duration of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS regular PA demonstrated cardio-metabolic benefits post-bariatric surgery. Integrating PA into post-bariatric care could enhance long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Moriconi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy.
| | - Laura Manca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Linda Bonvicini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Troilo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Anselmino
- Bariatric Surgery Unit Ospedale San Raffaele, Gruppo San Donato, Milano, Italy
| | - Monica Nannipieri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
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Doumatey AP, Shriner D, Zhou J, Lei L, Chen G, Oluwasola-Taiwo O, Nkem S, Ogundeji A, Adebamowo SN, Bentley AR, Gouveia MH, Meeks KAC, Adebamowo CA, Adeyemo AA, Rotimi CN. Untargeted metabolomic profiling reveals molecular signatures associated with type 2 diabetes in Nigerians. Genome Med 2024; 16:38. [PMID: 38444015 PMCID: PMC10913364 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-024-01308-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has reached epidemic proportions globally, including in Africa. However, molecular studies to understand the pathophysiology of T2D remain scarce outside Europe and North America. The aims of this study are to use an untargeted metabolomics approach to identify: (a) metabolites that are differentially expressed between individuals with and without T2D and (b) a metabolic signature associated with T2D in a population of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). METHODS A total of 580 adult Nigerians from the Africa America Diabetes Mellitus (AADM) study were studied. The discovery study included 310 individuals (210 without T2D, 100 with T2D). Metabolites in plasma were assessed by reverse phase, ultra-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (RP)/UPLC-MS/MS methods on the Metabolon Platform. Welch's two-sample t-test was used to identify differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs), followed by the construction of a biomarker panel using a random forest (RF) algorithm. The biomarker panel was evaluated in a replication sample of 270 individuals (110 without T2D and 160 with T2D) from the same study. RESULTS Untargeted metabolomic analyses revealed 280 DEMs between individuals with and without T2D. The DEMs predominantly belonged to the lipid (51%, 142/280), amino acid (21%, 59/280), xenobiotics (13%, 35/280), carbohydrate (4%, 10/280) and nucleotide (4%, 10/280) super pathways. At the sub-pathway level, glycolysis, free fatty acid, bile metabolism, and branched chain amino acid catabolism were altered in T2D individuals. A 10-metabolite biomarker panel including glucose, gluconate, mannose, mannonate, 1,5-anhydroglucitol, fructose, fructosyl-lysine, 1-carboxylethylleucine, metformin, and methyl-glucopyranoside predicted T2D with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.924 (95% CI: 0.845-0.966) and a predicted accuracy of 89.3%. The panel was validated with a similar AUC (0.935, 95% CI 0.906-0.958) in the replication cohort. The 10 metabolites in the biomarker panel correlated significantly with several T2D-related glycemic indices, including Hba1C, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and diabetes duration. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that metabolomic dysregulation associated with T2D in Nigerians affects multiple processes, including glycolysis, free fatty acid and bile metabolism, and branched chain amino acid catabolism. Our study replicated previous findings in other populations and identified a metabolic signature that could be used as a biomarker panel of T2D risk and glycemic control thus enhancing our knowledge of molecular pathophysiologic changes in T2D. The metabolomics dataset generated in this study represents an invaluable addition to publicly available multi-omics data on understudied African ancestry populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayo P Doumatey
- Center for Research On Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Building 12 A, Room 1025A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Daniel Shriner
- Center for Research On Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Building 12 A, Room 1025A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jie Zhou
- Center for Research On Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Building 12 A, Room 1025A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lin Lei
- Center for Research On Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Building 12 A, Room 1025A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Guanjie Chen
- Center for Research On Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Building 12 A, Room 1025A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | - Susan Nkem
- Center for Bioethics & Research, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Sally N Adebamowo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, and the Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amy R Bentley
- Center for Research On Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Building 12 A, Room 1025A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mateus H Gouveia
- Center for Research On Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Building 12 A, Room 1025A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Karlijn A C Meeks
- Center for Research On Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Building 12 A, Room 1025A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Clement A Adebamowo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, and the Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adebowale A Adeyemo
- Center for Research On Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Building 12 A, Room 1025A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Charles N Rotimi
- Center for Research On Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Building 12 A, Room 1025A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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Danielewski M, Rapak A, Kruszyńska A, Małodobra-Mazur M, Oleszkiewicz P, Dzimira S, Kucharska AZ, Słupski W, Matuszewska A, Nowak B, Szeląg A, Piórecki N, Zaleska-Dorobisz U, Sozański T. Cornelian Cherry ( Cornus mas L.) Fruit Extract Lowers SREBP-1c and C/EBPα in Liver and Alters Various PPAR-α, PPAR-γ, LXR-α Target Genes in Cholesterol-Rich Diet Rabbit Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1199. [PMID: 38256272 PMCID: PMC10816641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) fruits, abundant in iridoids and anthocyanins, are natural products with proven beneficial impacts on the functions of the cardiovascular system and the liver. This study aims to assess and compare whether and to what extent two different doses of resin-purified cornelian cherry extract (10 mg/kg b.w. or 50 mg/kg b.w.) applied in a cholesterol-rich diet rabbit model affect the levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), and various liver X receptor-α (LXR-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) target genes. Moreover, the aim is to evaluate the resistive index (RI) of common carotid arteries (CCAs) and aortas, and histopathological changes in CCAs. For this purpose, the levels of SREBP-1c, C/EBPα, ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), endothelial lipase (LIPG), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), and adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2) in liver tissue were measured. Also, the levels of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (Vaspin), and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) in visceral adipose tissue were measured. The RI of CCAs and aortas, and histopathological changes in CCAs, were indicated. The oral administration of the cornelian cherry extract decreased the SREBP-1c and C/EBPα in both doses. The dose of 10 mg/kg b.w. increased ABCA1 and decreased FAS, CPT1A, and RBP4, and the dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. enhanced ABCG1 and AdipoR2. Mitigations in atheromatous changes in rabbits' CCAs were also observed. The obtained outcomes were compared to the results of our previous works. The beneficial results confirm that cornelian cherry fruit extract may constitute a potentially effective product in the prevention and treatment of obesity-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Danielewski
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.S.); (A.M.); (B.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Andrzej Rapak
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Angelika Kruszyńska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Małgorzata Małodobra-Mazur
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Division of Molecular Techniques, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 52, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Paweł Oleszkiewicz
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Diagnostics II, Lower Silesian Center of Oncology, Pulmonology and Hematology, Grabiszynska 105, 53-439 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Stanisław Dzimira
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Alicja Z. Kucharska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable, and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, J. Chelmonskiego 37, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Słupski
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.S.); (A.M.); (B.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Matuszewska
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.S.); (A.M.); (B.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Beata Nowak
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.S.); (A.M.); (B.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Adam Szeląg
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.S.); (A.M.); (B.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Narcyz Piórecki
- Bolestraszyce Arboretum and Institute of Physiography, Bolestraszyce 130, 37-722 Wyszatyce, Poland;
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszow, Cicha 2A, 35-326 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Urszula Zaleska-Dorobisz
- Department of General and Pediatric Radiology, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 50/52, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Sozański
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Pharmacology and Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Li H, Beg OU, Rafie AR, Kanwal S, Ovalle-Cisneros A, Faison MO, Siddiqui RA. Characterization of Green and Yellow Papaya ( Carica papaya) for Anti-Diabetic Activity in Liver and Myoblast Cells and Wound-Healing Activity in Fibroblast Cells. Nutrients 2023; 15:1929. [PMID: 37111148 PMCID: PMC10142885 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes, often characterized as "metabolic syndrome", have been recognized as two of the most important public health issues worldwide. The objective of the present research was to evaluate green and yellow papaya for anti-oxidation and anti-diabetic properties. Leaves, skin, pulp, and seed samples from papayas were freeze-dried and then extracted in water or 80% methanol. The extracts were used to determine total polyphenolic content and anti-oxidation activities, and to determine biological activities, including glucose uptake, Glut-2 expression, triglyceride reduction, and wound-healing activity. Our data demonstrated that methanol and water extracts of green and yellow papaya have similar concentrations of polyphenols in skin (10-20 mg/g dry powder), leaf (25-30 mg/g dry powder), and pulp (1-3 mg/g dry powder) fractions. However, both methanol and water extracts of seeds from yellow papaya have substantially higher concentrations of polyphenols compared to green papaya. Both water and methanol extracts of yellow papaya exhibited higher anti-oxidation activity compared to green papaya in skin (50-60%), pulp (200-300%), and seeds (10-800%). Old leaves also showed greater anti-oxidation activity (30-40%) compared to new leaves. Pulp extracts from both yellow and green papaya stimulated greater glucose uptake, but only pulp from green papaya stimulated glucose uptake in muscle cells. Similarly, pulp extract stimulated glucose transporter Glut-2 expression in liver cells. The skin, pulp, and seeds of green or yellow papaya showed triglyceride-lowering activity in liver cells by 60-80%, but samples taken from yellow papaya had a more potent effect. Seeds from both green and yellow papaya significantly stimulated the migration of fibroblasts in the wounded area by 2-2.5-fold compared to the untreated control. Consistent with these data, seeds from both green and yellow papaya also significantly stimulated collagen synthesis in fibroblast cells by almost 3-fold. In conclusion, our data indicate that different parts of papaya produce stimulatory effects on glucose uptake, Glut-2 expression, TG reduction, and wound-healing activities. This study concludes that different parts of the papaya can be beneficial for preventing diabetes and diabetes-related wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwen Li
- Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science Laboratory, Agricultural Research Station, College of Agriculture, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA; (H.L.); (O.U.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Obaid Ullah Beg
- Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science Laboratory, Agricultural Research Station, College of Agriculture, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA; (H.L.); (O.U.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Ahmed Reza Rafie
- Cooperate Extension, College of Agriculture, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA;
| | - Sadia Kanwal
- Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science Laboratory, Agricultural Research Station, College of Agriculture, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA; (H.L.); (O.U.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Alexandra Ovalle-Cisneros
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA; (A.O.-C.); (M.O.F.)
| | - Milton Omar Faison
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA; (A.O.-C.); (M.O.F.)
| | - Rafat Ali Siddiqui
- Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science Laboratory, Agricultural Research Station, College of Agriculture, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA; (H.L.); (O.U.B.); (S.K.)
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Medeiros I, Aguiar AJFC, Fortunato WM, Teixeira AFG, Oliveira e Silva EG, Bezerra IWL, Maia JKDS, Piuvezam G, Morais AHDA. In silico structure-based design of peptides or proteins as therapeutic tools for obesity or diabetes mellitus: A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33514. [PMID: 37058011 PMCID: PMC10101299 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In silico studies using dynamic simulation or molecular docking have boosted the screening and identification of molecules and/or targets in studies aimed at treating diseases such as obesity and diabetes mellitus, optimizing the development of new drugs. This study aims to describe a systematic review protocol on peptides and proteins evaluated in silico as potential therapeutic agents for obesity or diabetes mellitus. METHODS This protocol followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Protocols and was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews database (number: CRD42022355540). The databases to be searched will be PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, virtual health library, and EMBASE. It will be included in silico studies that evaluate the simulation by dynamics or molecular docking of proteins or peptides involved in treating obesity or diabetes mellitus. Two independent reviewers will select studies, extract data, and assess methodological quality using the adapted Strengthening the reporting of empirical simulation studies. A narrative synthesis of the included studies will be performed for the systematic reviews. RESULTS This protocol contemplates the production of 2 systematic reviews to be developed focusing on obesity or diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSION The reviews will enable knowledge of peptides and proteins involved in research treating these diseases and will emphasize the importance of in silico studies in this context and for the development of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaiane Medeiros
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Ana Júlia Felipe Camelo Aguiar
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Wendjilla Medeiros Fortunato
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Ana Francisca Gomes Teixeira
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Ingrid Wilza Leal Bezerra
- Nutrition Department, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Juliana Kelly da Silva Maia
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
- Nutrition Department, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Grasiela Piuvezam
- Public Health Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
- Public Health Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN Brazil
| | - Ana Heloneida de Araújo Morais
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
- Nutrition Department, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
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Type 2 Diabetes Related Mitochondrial Defects in Peripheral Mononucleated Blood Cells from Overweight Postmenopausal Women. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010121. [PMID: 36672627 PMCID: PMC9855941 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a multisystem disease that is the subject of many studies, but the earliest cause of the disease has yet to be elucidated. Mitochondrial impairment has been associated with diabetes in several tissues. To extend the association between T2D and mitochondrial impairment to blood cells, we investigated T2D-related changes in peripheral mononucleated blood cells’ (PBMCs) mitochondrial function in two groups of women (CTRL vs. T2D; mean age: 54.1 ± 3.8 vs. 60.9 ± 4.8; mean BMI 25.6 ± 5.2 vs. 30.0 ± 5), together with a panel of blood biomarkers, anthropometric measurements and physiological parameters (VO2max and strength tests). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan analysis, cardio-pulmonary exercise test and blood biomarkers confirmed hallmarks of diabetes in the T2D group. Mitochondrial function assays performed with high resolution respirometry highlighted a significant reduction of mitochondrial respiration in the ADP-stimulated state (OXPHOS; −30%, p = 0.006) and maximal non-coupled respiration (ET; −30%, p = 0.004) in PBMCs samples from the T2D group. The total glutathione antioxidant pool (GSHt) was significantly reduced (−38%: p = 0.04) in plasma samples from the T2D group. The fraction of glycated hemoglobin (Hb1Ac) was positively associated with markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein-CRP r = 0.618; p = 0.006) and of dyslipidemia (triglycerides-TG r = 0.815; p < 0.0001). The same marker (Hb1Ac) was negatively associated with mitochondrial activity levels (OXPHOS r = −0.502; p = 0.034; ET r = −0.529; p = 0.024). The results obtained in overweight postmenopausal women from analysis of PBMCs mitochondrial respiration and their association with anthropometric and physiological parameters indicate that PBMC could represent a reliable model for studying T2D-related metabolic impairment and could be useful for testing the effectiveness of interventions targeting mitochondria.
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Gomes AFT, de Medeiros WF, de Oliveira GS, Medeiros I, Maia JKDS, Bezerra IWL, Piuvezam G, Morais AHDA. In silico structure-based designers of therapeutic targets for diabetes mellitus or obesity: A protocol for systematic review. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279039. [PMID: 36508447 PMCID: PMC9744281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a significant risk factor for several chronic non-communicable diseases, being closely related to Diabetes Mellitus. Computer modeling techniques favor the understanding of interaction mechanisms between specific targets and substances of interest, optimizing drug development. In this article, the protocol of two protocols of systematic reviews are described for identifying therapeutic targets and models for treating obesity or diabetes mellitus investigated in silico. The protocol is by the guidelines from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes Protocols (PRISMA-P) and was published in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews database (PROSPERO: CRD42022353808). Search strategies will be developed based on the combination of descriptors and executed in the following databases: PubMed; ScienceDirect; Scopus; Web of Science; Virtual Health Library; EMBASE. Only original in silico studies with molecular dynamics, molecular docking, or both will be inserted. Two trained researchers will independently select the articles, extract the data, and assess the risk of bias. The quality will be assessed through an adapted version of the Strengthening the Reporting of Empirical Simulation Studies (STRESS) and the risk of bias using a checklist obtained from separate literature sources. The implementation of this protocol will result in the elaboration of two systematic reviews identifying the therapeutic targets for treating obesity (review 1) or diabetes mellitus (review 2) used in computer simulation studies and their models. The systematization of knowledge about these treatment targets and their in silico structures is fundamental, primarily because computer simulation contributes to more accurate planning of future either in vitro or in vivo studies. Therefore, the reviews developed from this protocol will guide decision-making regarding the choice of targets/models in future research focused on therapeutics of obesity or Diabetes Mellitus contributing to mitigate of factors such as costs, time, and necessity of in vitro and/or in vivo assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Francisca Teixeira Gomes
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Gerciane Silva de Oliveira
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Isaiane Medeiros
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Juliana Kelly da Silva Maia
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Wilza Leal Bezerra
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Grasiela Piuvezam
- Public Health Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Department of Public Health, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Ana Heloneida de Araújo Morais
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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9
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Avogaro A, de Kreutzenberg SV, Morieri ML, Fadini GP, Del Prato S. Glucose-lowering drugs with cardiovascular benefits as modifiers of critical elements of the human life history. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2022; 10:882-889. [PMID: 36182702 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(22)00247-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The life history theory assumes that all organisms are under selective pressure to harvest external resources and allocate them to maximise fitness: only organisms making the best use of energy obtain the greatest fitness benefits. The trade-off of energy spans four functions: maintenance, growth, reproduction, and defence against pathogens. The innovative antihyperglycaemic agents glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors decrease bodyweight and have the potential to counter low-grade inflammation. These key activities could rewire two components of the life history theory operative in adulthood-ie, maintenance and defence. In this Personal View, we postulate that the benefits of these medications on the cardiovascular system, beyond their glucose-lowering effects, could be mediated by the reduction of the maintenance cost driven by obesity and efforts spent on blunting low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Avogaro
- Section of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | | | - Mario Luca Morieri
- Section of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Fadini
- Section of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Del Prato
- Section of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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10
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Merino J. Precision nutrition in diabetes: when population-based dietary advice gets personal. Diabetologia 2022; 65:1839-1848. [PMID: 35593923 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05721-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diet plays a fundamental role in maintaining long-term health, with healthful diets being endorsed by current dietary guidelines for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. However, the response to dietary interventions varies widely, highlighting the need for refinement and personalisation beyond population-based 'one size fits all'. This article reviews the clinical evidence supporting precision nutrition as a fundamental approach for dietary advice in diabetes. Further, it proposes a framework for the eventual implementation of precision nutrition and discusses key challenges for the application of this approach in the prevention of diabetes. One implication of this approach is that precision nutrition would not exclude the parallel goal of population-based healthy dietary advice. Nevertheless, the shift in prioritising precision nutrition is needed to reflect the dynamic nature of responses to dietary interventions that vary among individuals and change over the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Merino
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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11
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Defeudis G, Rossini M, Khazrai YM, Pipicelli AMV, Brucoli G, Veneziano M, Strollo F, Bellia A, Bitterman O, Lauro D, Mora D, Santarelli E. The gut microbiome as possible mediator of the beneficial effects of very low calorie ketogenic diet on type 2 diabetes and obesity: a narrative review. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:2339-2346. [PMID: 35773554 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-022-01434-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown a strong correlation between the different types of diets and gut microbiota composition on glycemia and weight loss. In this direction, low-carbohydrate and ketogenic diets have gained popularity, despite studies published so far leading to controversial results on subjects with diabetes. In this narrative review, firstly, we aimed to analyze the role of very-low-calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKDs) in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and obesity management. Secondly, in this context, we focused attention on gut microbiota as a function of VLCKD, particularly in T2DM and obesity treatment. Finally, we reported all this evidence to underline the importance of gut microbiota to exalt new nutritional strategies for "tailor-made" management, treatment, and rehabilitation in subjects with T2DM and obesity, even with diabetic complications. In conclusion, this narrative review outlined the beneficial impact of VLCKD on gut microbiota even in subjects with T2DM and obesity, and, despite inner VLCKD short-duration feature allowing no sound-enough provisions for long-term outcomes, witnessed in favor of the short-term safety of VLCKD in those patients.Level of evidence Level V: Opinions of authorities, based on descriptive studies, narrative reviews, clinical experience, or reports of expert committees.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Defeudis
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy.
| | - M Rossini
- Diet and Diabetes Unit, ASL RM1, Rome, Italy
| | - Y M Khazrai
- Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, University Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - A M V Pipicelli
- UOC di Nefrologia, Dialisi e Trapianto, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - G Brucoli
- Diet and Diabetes Unit, ASL RM1, Rome, Italy
| | - M Veneziano
- Diet and Diabetes Unit, ASL RM1, Rome, Italy
| | - F Strollo
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
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12
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Salman AA, Salman MA, Aon MH, Mahdy RE, Abdallah A, Shemy GG, Hassan AM, Amin FAS, Labib S. Impact of Weight Loss on the Severity of Albuminuria in Obese Diabetic Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy and One-Anastomosis Gastric Bypass. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:6405-6413. [PMID: 35957758 PMCID: PMC9359793 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s365113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To examine the effect of weight-loss induced bariatric procedures on albuminuria levels among diabetic patients suffering from obesity. Methods Adults patients who suffer from morbid obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were included in a prospective cohort study. Subjects were scheduled to undergo laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) or one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB). The albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) was adopted to assess the degree of albuminuria. Microalbuminuria was determined as a ratio of >2.5-30 mg/mmol and >3.5-30 mg/mmol for males and females, respectively, while macroalbuminuria was diagnosed when the ACR exceeded >30 mg/mmol. Results The mean uACR decreased significantly from 20.95±16.89 to 9.92±12.69mg/mmol in LSG cohort (p <0.001), and from 19.52±16.65 to 9.34±11.77mg/mmol in the OAGB cohort, with no statistically considerable differences between both cohorts at the end of follow-up (p = 0.78). Twelve months after the procedures, the percentages of cases with microalbuminuria decreased significantly to 23.8% and 23.9%, respectively (p < 0.001); likewise, the percentages of cases with macroalbuminuria significantly decreased to 7.9% and 7.5% in the LSG and OAGB groups, respectively (p < 0.001). There were no statistically considerable differences between LSG and OAGB regarding the percentages of patients with micro or macroalbuminuria at the end of follow-up. Besides, there were no significant associations between the degree of weight loss and improvement (p = 0.959) or remission (p = 0.73) of microalbuminuria. Conclusion Bariatric surgery significantly reduced the severity of albuminuria 1-year after the procedure, with no preference for one procedure over the other.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohamed H Aon
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reem Ezzat Mahdy
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdallah
- General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gamal Galal Shemy
- General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Hassan
- General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Safa Labib
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Metformin Protects against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: An Association between Desmin-Sarcomere Injury and the iNOS/mTOR/TIMP-1 Fibrosis Axis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10050984. [PMID: 35625721 PMCID: PMC9139128 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The intermediate filament protein desmin is essential for maintaining the structural integrity of sarcomeres, the fundamental unit of cardiac muscle. Diabetes mellitus (DM) can cause desmin to become dysregulated, following episodes of nitrosative stress, through the activation of the iNOS/mTOR/TIMP-1 pathway, thereby stimulating collagen deposition in the myocardium. In this study, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was induced in rats. One group of animals was pre-treated with metformin (200 mg/kg) prior to diabetes induction and subsequently kept on metformin until sacrifice at week 12. Cardiac injuries developed in the diabetic rats as demonstrated by a significant (p < 0.0001) inhibition of desmin immunostaining, profound sarcomere ultrastructural alterations, substantial damage to the left ventricular tissue, collagen deposition, and abnormal ECG recordings. DM also significantly induced the cardiac expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and the profibrogenic biomarker tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1). The expression of all these markers was significantly inhibited by metformin. In addition, a significant (p < 0.0001) correlation between desmin tissue levels/sarcomere damage and glycated hemoglobin, heart rate, iNOS, mTOR, and fibrosis was observed. These findings demonstrate an association between damage of the cardiac contractile unit—desmin and sarcomere—and the iNOS/mTOR/TIMP-1/collagen axis of fibrosis in T2DM-induced cardiomyopathy, with metformin exhibiting beneficial cardiovascular pleiotropic effects.
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Born LJ, Quiroga LH, Lagziel T, Hultman CS, Asif M. Clinical outcomes in 'diabese' burn patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Burns 2022; 48:281-292. [PMID: 34782233 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to update the current status of clinical outcomes in diabetic (type II) and obese (BMI: 30-39.9 kg/m2) burn patients. METHODS We adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched MEDLINE (PubMed), Google Scholar, Scopus, and Embase for studies related to a number of comorbidities and burn outcomes. Search terms for each of these databases are listed in the Appendix. From this search, we screened 6923 articles. Through our selection criteria, 12 articles focusing on either diabetes or obesity were selected for systematic review and meta-analysis. Data was analyzed using the "meta" package in R software to produce pooled odds ratios from the random effect model. RESULTS Diabetic patients had 2.38 times higher odds of mortality [OR: 2.38, 95% CI:1.66, 3.41], however no statistically significant difference was found in mortality in obese patients [OR: 2.49, 95% CI: 0.36, 17.19]. Obese patients had 2.18 times higher odds of inhalation injury [95%CI: 1.23, 3.88], whereas diabetic patients did not show a difference in odds of inhalation injury [OR:1.02, 95% CI: 0.57, 1.81]. Diabetic patients had higher odds of complications resulting from infection: 5.47 times higher odds of wound, skin, or soft tissue infections [95% CI:1.97, 15.18]; 2.28 times higher odds of UTI or CAUTI [95% CI:1.50, 3.46]; and 1.78 times higher odds of pneumonia or respiratory tract infections [95% CI:1.15, 2.77]. Obese patients also had similar complications related to infection: 2.15 times higher odds of wound infection [95% CI: 1.04, 4.42] and 1.96 times higher odds of pneumonia [95% CI: 1.08, 3.56]. Other notable complications in diabetic patients were higher odds of amputation [OR: 37, 95% CI: 1.76, 779.34], respiratory failure [OR: 4.39, 95% CI: 1.85, 10.42], heart failure [OR: 6.22, 95% CI: 1.93, 20.06], and renal failure [OR: 2.95, 95% CI: 1.1, 7.86]. CONCLUSIONS Diabetic patients have higher odds of mortality, whereas no statistically significant difference of mortality was found in obese patients. Obese patients had higher odds of inhalation injury, whereas odds of inhalation injury was unchanged in diabetic patients. Diabetic patients had higher odds of failure in multiple organs, whereas such failure in obese patients was not reported. Both diabetic and obese patients had multiple complications related to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis J Born
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Luis H Quiroga
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Tomer Lagziel
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - C Scott Hultman
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mohammed Asif
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
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Leone A, Fico G, Bertoli S, Battezzati A. Editorial: Plant-Based Products, Phytochemicals and Glycemic Control. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:906690. [PMID: 35573997 PMCID: PMC9096071 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.906690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Leone
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Alessandro Leone,
| | - Gelsomina Fico
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Botanic Garden G.E. Ghirardi, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), University of Milan, Toscolano Maderno, Italy
| | - Simona Bertoli
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Lab of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Battezzati
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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16
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Effects of probiotics fermented milk products on obesity measure among adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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17
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Moradi S, Entezari MH, Mohammadi H, Jayedi A, Lazaridi AV, Kermani MAH, Miraghajani M. Ultra-processed food consumption and adult obesity risk: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:249-260. [PMID: 34190668 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1946005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate observational studies assessing the association between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and the risk of overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity in the general population. We searched the databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and ISI Web of Science from inception until December 2020. Data were extracted from 12 studies (nine cross-sectional and three cohort studies). Odds ratio (OR) were pooled using a random-effects model. UPF consumption was associated with an increased risk of obesity (OR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.36, 1.77; I2 = 55%), overweight (OR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.63; I2 = 73%), and abdominal obesity (OR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.68; I2 = 62%). Furthermore, every 10% increase of UPF consumption in daily calorie intake was associated with a 7%, a 6%, and a 5% higher risk of overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity, respectively. Dose-response meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies showed a positive linear association between UPF consumption and abdominal obesity. There was also a positive linear association between UPF consumption and risk of overweight/obesity in the analysis of cross-sectional studies and a positive monotonic association in the analysis of cohort studies. Our study suggests that UPF consumption is associated with an increased risk of excess weight or abdominal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Moradi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Entezari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jayedi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anastasia-Viktoria Lazaridi
- The Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mohammad Ali Hojjati Kermani
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Miraghajani
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Eslampour E, Moodi V, Asbaghi O, Ghaedi E, Shirinbakhshmasoleh M, Hadi A, Miraghajani M. The effect of almond intake on anthropometric indices: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Funct 2021; 11:7340-7355. [PMID: 32857083 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00470g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to summarize the effect of almond intake on anthropometric indices in adult subjects. We searched PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases until January 2020 to identify relevant RCTs. Data were reported as weighted mean differences (WMDs) and standard deviations (SDs) to show the magnitude of effects of almond on body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM). Out of 2983 reports, 28 RCTs (37 arms) were eligible for including in our meta-analysis. The pooled results, obtained using a random-effects model, showed that almond intake significantly decreased BW (WMD: -0.38 kg, 95% CI: -0.65, -0.10, p = 0.007, I2 = 30.5%) and FM (WMD: -0.58 kg, 95% CI: -0.87, -0.28, p < 0.001, I2 = 4.9%). However, we found no significant effect of almond administration on BMI (WMD: -0.30 kg m-2, 95% CI: -0.67, 0.06, p = 0.101, I2 = 62.6%), WC (WMD: -0.60 cm, 95% CI: -1.28, 0.06, p = 0.078, I2 = 0.0%), and FFM (WMD: 0.23 kg, 95% CI: -0.04, 0.50, p = 0.097, I2 = 49.5%). Overall, the current meta-analysis demonstrated that resveratrol almond intake significantly reduced weight and FM, but did not affect BMI, WC, and FFM. Further studies are still required to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Eslampour
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Vihan Moodi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran and Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ghaedi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran and Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amir Hadi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Miraghajani
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. and The Early Life Research Unit, Academic Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Nottingham Digestive Disease Centre and Biomedical Research Centre, The School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
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García-Carro C, Vergara A, Bermejo S, Azancot MA, Sellarés J, Soler MJ. A Nephrologist Perspective on Obesity: From Kidney Injury to Clinical Management. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:655871. [PMID: 33928108 PMCID: PMC8076523 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.655871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the epidemics of our era. Its prevalence is higher than 30% in the U.S. and it is estimated to increase by 50% in 2030. Obesity is associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality and it is known to be a cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Typically, obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) is ascribed to renal hemodynamic changes that lead to hyperfiltration, albuminuria and, finally, impairment in glomerular filtration rate due to glomerulosclerosis. Though not only hemodynamics are responsible for ORG: adipokines could cause local effects on mesangial and tubular cells and podocytes promoting maladaptive responses to hyperfiltration. Furthermore, hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, two conditions generally associated with obesity, are both amplifiers of obesity injury in the renal parenchyma, as well as complications of overweight. As in the native kidney, obesity is also related to worse outcomes in kidney transplantation. Despite its impact in CKD and cardiovascular morbility and mortality, therapeutic strategies to fight against obesity-related CKD were limited for decades to renin-angiotensin blockade and bariatric surgery for patients who accomplished very restrictive criteria. Last years, different drugs have been approved or are under study for the treatment of obesity. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are promising in obesity-related CKD since they have shown benefits in terms of losing weight in obese patients, as well as preventing the onset of macroalbuminuria and slowing the decline of eGFR in type 2 diabetes. These new families of glucose-lowering drugs are a new frontier to be crossed by nephrologists to stop obesity-related CKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara García-Carro
- Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ander Vergara
- Nephrology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Nephrology Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sheila Bermejo
- Nephrology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Nephrology Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María A. Azancot
- Nephrology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Nephrology Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joana Sellarés
- Nephrology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Nephrology Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria José Soler
- Nephrology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Nephrology Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Cocchi C, Coppi F, Farinetti A, Mattioli AV. Cardiovascular disease prevention and therapy in women with Type 2 diabetes. Future Cardiol 2021; 17:487-496. [PMID: 33739145 DOI: 10.2217/fca-2021-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among men and women, although women are usually underdiagnosed and experience a delay in diagnosis. This also occurs in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus, despite the fact that diabetes is recognized as a major cardiovascular risk factor. Several factors influence the gap between diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease in women: lack of perception of cardiovascular risk, effects of sex-related risk factors and the action of drugs in women. Women with Type 2 diabetes mellitus are more likely to be assigned a lower CVD risk category and to receive lifestyle counseling as well as less intensive CVD therapy compared with men. The present narrative review aims to analyze the risk of CVD in women with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and whether there is a difference between men and women in the efficacy of SGLT-2 inhibitors, new hypoglycemic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Cocchi
- Istituto Nazionale per le Ricerche Cardiovascolari, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Coppi
- Cardiology Division, Policlinico di Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Alberto Farinetti
- Department of Medical & Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Anna Vittoria Mattioli
- Istituto Nazionale per le Ricerche Cardiovascolari, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy.,Surgical, Medical & Dental Department of Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
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21
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Moriconi E, Camajani E, Fabbri A, Lenzi A, Caprio M. Very-Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet as a Safe and Valuable Tool for Long-Term Glycemic Management in Patients with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030758. [PMID: 33652834 PMCID: PMC7996853 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related type 2 diabetes represents one of the most difficult challenges for the healthcare system. This retrospective study aims to determine the efficacy, safety and durability of a very-low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD), compared to a standard low-calorie diet (LCD) on weight-loss, glycemic management, eating behavior and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and obesity. Thirty patients with obesity and T2DM, aged between 35 and 75 years, who met the inclusion criteria and accepted to adhere to a VLCKD or a LCD nutritional program, were consecutively selected from our electronic database. Fifteen patients followed a structured VLCKD protocol, fifteen followed a classical LCD. At the beginning of the nutritional protocol, all patients were asked to stop any antidiabetic medications, with the exception of metformin. Data were collected at baseline and after 3 (T1) and 12 (T2) months. At T1 and T2, BMI was significantly reduced in the VLCKD group (p < 0.001), whereas it remained substantially unchanged in the LCD group. HbA1c was significantly reduced in the VLCKD group (p = 0.002), whereas a slight, although not significant, decrease was observed in the LCD group. Quality of life and eating behavior scores were improved in the VLCKD group, whereas no significant changes were reported in the LCD group, both at T1 and T2. At the end of the study, in the VLCKD group 26.6% of patients had stopped all antidiabetic medications, and 73.3% were taking only metformin, whereas 46.6% of LCD patients had to increase antidiabetic medications. The study confirms a valuable therapeutic effect of VLCKD in the long-term management of obesity and T2DM and its potential contribution to remission of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Moriconi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00166 Rome, Italy;
- PhD Programme in Endocrinological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Camajani
- PhD Programme in Endocrinological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Fabbri
- Division of Endocrinology, CTO Andrea Alesini Hospital, ASL Roma 2, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Massimiliano Caprio
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00166 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Cherian P, Al-Khairi I, Jamal M, Al-Sabah S, Ali H, Dsouza C, Alshawaf E, Al-Ali W, Al-Khaledi G, Al-Mulla F, Abu-Farha M, Abubaker J. Association Between Factors Involved in Bone Remodeling (Osteoactivin and OPG) With Plasma Levels of Irisin and Meteorin-Like Protein in People With T2D and Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:752892. [PMID: 34777249 PMCID: PMC8588843 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.752892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The musculoskeletal system consisting of bones and muscles have been recognized as endocrine organs secreting hormones that are involved in regulating metabolic and inflammatory pathways. Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with several musculoskeletal system complications. We hypothesized that an interaction exists between adipomyokines namely, irisin and METRNL, and various molecules involved in bone remodeling in individuals with obesity and T2D. A total of 228 individuals were enrolled in this study, including 124 non-diabetic (ND) and 104 T2D. A Multiplex assay was used to assess the level of various osteogenic molecules namely osteoactivin, Syndecan, osteoprotegerin (OPG) and osteonectin/SPARC. Our data shows elevated levels of Osteoactivin, Syndecan, OPG and SPARC in T2D as compared to ND individuals (p ≤ 0.05). Using Spearman's correlation, a positive correlation was observed between irisin and Osteoactivin as well as OPG (p < 0.05). Similarly, a positive association was observed between METRNL and Osteoactivin (p < 0.05). The strong positive association shown in this study between irisin, METRNL and various molecules with osteogenic properties emphasize a possible interaction between these organs. This report suggests that having a dysregulation in the level of the aforementioned molecules could potentially affect the development of bone and muscle related complications that are associated with obesity and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethi Cherian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Irina Al-Khairi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Mohammad Jamal
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Kuwait University, Sulaibekhat, Kuwait
| | - Suleiman Al-Sabah
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Hamad Ali
- Department of Genetic and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Carol Dsouza
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Kuwait University, Sulaibekhat, Kuwait
| | - Eman Alshawaf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Waleed Al-Ali
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Kuwait University, Sulaibekhat, Kuwait
| | - Ghanim Al-Khaledi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Genetic and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Mohamed Abu-Farha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- *Correspondence: Mohamed Abu-Farha, ; Jehad Abubaker,
| | - Jehad Abubaker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- *Correspondence: Mohamed Abu-Farha, ; Jehad Abubaker,
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Morandi A, Di Sessa A, Zusi C, Umano GR, El Mazloum D, Fornari E, Miraglia Del Giudice E, Targher G, Maffeis C. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Estimated Insulin Resistance in Obese Youth: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5897057. [PMID: 32841326 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with insulin resistance (IR) and predicts type 2 diabetes. Currently, it is uncertain whether NAFLD may directly cause IR or vice versa. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that NAFLD is causally related to IR. DESIGN AND METHODS We performed a Mendelian randomization (MR) in 904 obese children/adolescents using an NAFLD-related genetic risk score (GRS) as an instrumental variable. We assessed NAFLD by ultrasonography and IR by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). We also interrogated the MAGIC Consortium dataset of 46 186 adults to assess the association between PNPLA3 rs738409 (ie, the most robust NAFLD-related polymorphism) and HOMA-IR, and we performed a 2-sample MR with 2 large datasets to test reverse causation (HOMA-IR increasing the risk of NAFLD). RESULTS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease prevalence increased by 20% for every increase in the GRS (β-coefficient = 0.20, P < 0.001), and NAFLD was associated with ln-HOMA-IR (β-coefficient = 0.28, P < 0.001). Thus, the expected increase in ln-HOMA-IR for every increase in the GRS (expected β-coefficient) was 0.056 (0.28*0.20) in the case of complete NAFLD-HOMA-IR causal association, and 0.042 in the case of 75% causality. In our cohort, the GRS did not predict ln-HOMA-IR (β-coefficient = 0.007, P = 0.75). In the MAGIC cohort, the PNPLA3 rs738409 did not associate with ln-HOMA-IR. The 2-sample MR failed to show a causal association between ln-HOMA-IR and NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that genetically-influenced NAFLD does not increase HOMA-IR, and genetically-influenced HOMA-IR does not increase the risk of NAFLD. Shared pathogenic pathways or NAFLD subtypes not "captured" by our MR design might underpin the association between NAFLD and HOMA-IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Morandi
- Regional Centre for Pediatric Diabetes, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Di Sessa
- Regional Centre for Pediatric Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Zusi
- Regional Centre for Pediatric Diabetes, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Rosaria Umano
- Regional Centre for Pediatric Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Dania El Mazloum
- Regional Centre for Pediatric Diabetes, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Fornari
- Regional Centre for Pediatric Diabetes, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Emanuele Miraglia Del Giudice
- Regional Centre for Pediatric Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Targher
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Claudio Maffeis
- Regional Centre for Pediatric Diabetes, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Associated with Obesity (Diabesity). The Central Role of Gut Microbiota and Its Translational Applications. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092749. [PMID: 32917030 PMCID: PMC7551493 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a condition of rising prevalence worldwide, with important socioeconomic implications, being considered as a growing public health concern. Frequently, obesity brings other complications in addition to itself—like Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)—sharing origin, risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms. In this context, some authors have decided to include both conditions as a unique entity known as “diabesity”. In fact, understanding diabesity as a single disease is possible to maximise the benefits from therapies received in these patients. Gut microbiota plays a key role in individual’s health, and their alterations, either in its composition or derived products are related to a wide range of metabolic disorders like T2DM and obesity. The present work aims to collect the different changes reported in gut microbiota in patients with T2DM associated with obesity and their possible role in the onset, development, and establishment of the disease. Moreover, current research lines to modulate gut microbiota and the potential clinical translation derived from the knowledge of this system will also be reviewed, which may provide support for a better clinical management of such a complex condition.
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25
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Berger NA. Apocalyptic horsemen of geriatric oncology. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:5684-5686. [PMID: 35117933 PMCID: PMC8798923 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-2019-eaoc-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Berger
- Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry, Oncology, Genetics & Genome Sciences, Center for Science, Health and Society, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Health Sciences Library, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Wani K, Alfawaz H, Alnaami AM, Sabico S, Khattak MNK, Al-Attas O, Alokail MS, Alharbi M, Chrousos G, Kumar S, Al-Daghri NM. Effects of A 12-Month Intensive Lifestyle Monitoring Program in Predominantly Overweight/Obese Arab Adults with Prediabetes. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020464. [PMID: 32059477 PMCID: PMC7071332 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This 12-month, randomized, controlled lifestyle intervention study was aimed at assessing the effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention in terms of (1) the reduction of at least 5% of body weight compared to baseline and (2) the percentage of participants in which fasting blood glucose (FBG) normalizes (<5.6 mmol/L) post-intervention, in predominantly overweight/obese Saudi adults with impaired fasting glucose. A total of 300 Saudi adults with prediabetes at baseline (FBG 5.6–6.9 mmol/L) were enrolled to receive either general advice (GA) or a rigorous, self-monitored, lifestyle modification program (intervention group, IG) for 12 months, focused on food choices, physical activity, and weight loss. Anthropometric and biochemical estimations were analyzed at baseline, 6, and 12 months. At baseline, 136/150 in the GA group (90.7%) and 127/150 in the IG group (84.7%) were either overweight or obese. A total of 14% (n = 21) of the subjects in the IG arm discontinued, compared to 8% (n = 12) in the GA arm. Data from completers (92% (n = 138) and 86% (n= 129) participants in GA and IG arms, respectively) were considered for the final analysis. Post-intervention, 37.2% (n = 48) of participants in the IG group had ≥5% weight reduction, as compared to 12.3% (n = 17) in the GA group (p < 0.01). Similarly, the percentage of participants who normalized their FBG post-intervention was 46.5% (n = 60) in the IG group compared to 21.7% (n = 30) in the GA group (p < 0.01). A 12-month Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP)-styled intensive lifestyle program translated effectively in decreasing weight and improving fasting glucose compared to the GA group in predominantly overweight/obese Saudi adults with prediabetes, suggesting that in the case of guided intervention programs, people are willing to participate and possibly change a sedentary lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiser Wani
- Biochemistry Department, Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.W.); (A.M.A.); (S.S.); (M.N.K.K.); (O.A.-A.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Hanan Alfawaz
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah M. Alnaami
- Biochemistry Department, Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.W.); (A.M.A.); (S.S.); (M.N.K.K.); (O.A.-A.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Shaun Sabico
- Biochemistry Department, Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.W.); (A.M.A.); (S.S.); (M.N.K.K.); (O.A.-A.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Malak Nawaz Khan Khattak
- Biochemistry Department, Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.W.); (A.M.A.); (S.S.); (M.N.K.K.); (O.A.-A.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Omar Al-Attas
- Biochemistry Department, Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.W.); (A.M.A.); (S.S.); (M.N.K.K.); (O.A.-A.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Majed S. Alokail
- Biochemistry Department, Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.W.); (A.M.A.); (S.S.); (M.N.K.K.); (O.A.-A.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Mohammed Alharbi
- Diabetes Centres and Units Administration, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11176, Saudi Arabia;
| | - George Chrousos
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece;
| | - Sudhesh Kumar
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7HL, UK;
| | - Nasser M. Al-Daghri
- Biochemistry Department, Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.W.); (A.M.A.); (S.S.); (M.N.K.K.); (O.A.-A.); (M.S.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-1467-5939; Fax: +966-1467-5931
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Crespi BJ. Why and How Imprinted Genes Drive Fetal Programming. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 10:940. [PMID: 32117048 PMCID: PMC7025584 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Imprinted genes mediate fetal and childhood growth and development, and early growth patterns drive fetal programming effects. However, predictions and evidence from the kinship theory of imprinting have yet to be directly integrated with data on fetal programming and risks of metabolic disease. I first define paternal-gene and maternal-gene optima with regard to early human growth and development. Next, I review salient evidence with regard to imprinted gene effects on birth weight, body composition, trajectories of feeding and growth, and timing of developmental stages, to evaluate why and how imprinted gene expression influences risks of metabolic disease in later life. I find that metabolic disease risks derive primarily from maternal gene biases that lead to reduced placental efficacy, low birth weight, low relative muscle mass, high relative white fat, increased abdominal adiposity, reduced pancreatic β-cell mass that promotes insulin resistance, reduced appetite and infant sucking efficacy, catch-up fat deposition from family foods after weaning, and early puberty. Paternal gene biases, by contrast, may contribute to metabolic disease via lower rates of brown fat thermiogenesis, and through favoring more rapid postnatal catch-up growth after intrauterine growth restriction from environmental causes. These disease risks can be alleviated through dietary and pharmacological alterations that selectively target imprinted gene expression and relevant metabolic pathways. The kinship theory of imprinting, and mother-offspring conflict more generally, provide a clear predictive framework for guiding future research on fetal programming and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard J. Crespi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Human Evolutionary Studies Program, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally M Marshall
- Diabetes Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, 4th Floor William Leech Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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