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Defante MLR, Mendes BX, de Souza MDM, De Hollanda Morais BADA, Martins OC, Prizão VM, Parolin SAEC. Tight Versus Liberal Blood Glucose Control in Patients With Diabetes in the ICU: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Intensive Care Med 2024:8850666241255671. [PMID: 38751353 DOI: 10.1177/08850666241255671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: Glycemia is an important factor among critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). There is conflicting evidence on the preferred strategy of blood glucose control among patients with diabetes in the ICU. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis comparing tight with liberal blood glucose in critically ill patients with diabetes in the ICU. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing tight versus liberal blood glucose control in critically ill patients with diabetes from inception to December 2023. We pooled odds-ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) with a random-effects model for binary endpoints. We used the Review Manager 5.17 and R version 4.3.2 for statistical analyses. Risk of bias assessment was performed with the Cochrane tool for randomized trials (RoB2). Results: Eight RCTs with 4474 patients were included. There was no statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality (OR 1.11; 95% CI 0.95-1.28; P = .18; I² = 0%) between a tight and liberal blood glucose control. RoB2 identified all studies at low risk of bias and funnel plot suggested no evidence of publication bias. Conclusion: In patients with diabetes in the ICU, there was no statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality between a tight and liberal blood glucose control. PROSPERO registration: CRD42023485032.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L R Defante
- Department of Medicine, Redentor University Center, Itaperuna, Brazil
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Li L, Zhou L, Peng X, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Xiong Y, Hu Z, Yao Y. Association of stress hyperglycemia ratio and mortality in patients with sepsis: results from 13,199 patients. Infection 2024:10.1007/s15010-024-02264-3. [PMID: 38679664 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-024-02264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR), adjusted for average glycemic status, is suggested for assessing actual blood glucose levels. Its link with adverse outcomes is known in certain populations, yet its impact on sepsis patients' prognosis is unclear. This study explores the association between SHR and mortality in sepsis. METHODS We included 13,199 sepsis patients in this study and categorized SHR into distinct groups. Additionally, we utilized restricted cubic spline analysis to evaluate the correlation between SHR as a continuous variable and mortality. The primary outcome was 1-year all-cause mortality. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were employed to assess the associations between the SHR and both in-hospital mortality and 1-year mortality, respectively. RESULTS Among the study participants, 4,690 (35.5%) patients died during the 1-year follow-up. After adjusting for confounding variables, we identified a U-shaped correlation between SHR and 1-year mortality. Using an SHR of 0.99 as the reference point, the hazard ratio for predicted 1-year mortality increased by 1.17 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.27) per standard deviation above 0.99, whereas each standard deviation increase predicted the hazard ratio of 0.52 (95% CI 0.39 to 0.69) below 0.99. Furthermore, we found that SHR could enhance the predictive performance of conventional severity scores. CONCLUSION There exists a U shaped association between SHR and mortality in sepsis patients, where both low and high SHR values are associated with an increased risk of poor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Li
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Likun Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Xi Peng
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Zhuxin Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Zhenhao Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yulong Xiong
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Zhao Hu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yan Yao
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, 100037, China.
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Zhang Q, Xiang H, Xu Q, Hu Z, Xue Y, Wang J, Ji K. Stress hyperglycemia ratio linked to worse prognosis in Cardiac Intensive Care Unit patients: A retrospective observational study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 209:111598. [PMID: 38431225 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to delineate correlation between stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) and clinical outcomes among patients in the cardiac intensive care unit (CICU). METHODS Participants were categorized based on their SHR threshold values. Key outcomes were short-term mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) at 1-year follow-up. The association between SHR and outcomes was estimated using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) and Kaplan-Meier analyses. The C-statistic was used to gauge the predictive capability of SHR. RESULTS The study included 1,133 patients from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV and 412 from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. Kaplan-Meier curves revealed that individuals with elevated SHR exhibited higher 90-day mortality and MACEs. When considering SHR levels and diabetes status simultaneously, those with increased SHR but non-diabetes had the highest 90-day mortality and MACEs. SHR was associated with short-term mortality and MACEs (HRadjusted 1.63 95%CI 1.15-2.30; HRIPTW 1.47 95%CI 1.05-2.05). Upon integrating SHR into the foundational model, the C-statistic was 0.821, outperforming other hyperglycemia metrics. CONCLUSION SHR is a valuable indicator for predicting poor outcomes in CICU patients. Its utility spans potential risk stratification and offers insights for tailoring prognostic treatments to CICU patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Huaqiang Xiang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Qianqian Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Zesong Hu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yangjing Xue
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Jie Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
| | - Kangting Ji
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
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Bang HJ, Youn CS, Park KN, Oh SH, Kim HJ, Kim SH, Park SH. Glucose control and outcomes in diabetic and nondiabetic patients treated with targeted temperature management after cardiac arrest. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298632. [PMID: 38330019 PMCID: PMC10852315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is commonly observed in critically ill patients and postcardiac arrest patients, with higher glucose levels and variability associated with poorer outcomes. In this study, we aim to compare glucose control in diabetic and nondiabetic patients using glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, providing insights for better glucose management strategies. This retrospective observational study was conducted at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital from February 2009 to May 2022. Blood glucose levels were measured hourly for 48 h after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and a glucose management protocol was followed to maintain arterial blood glucose levels between 140 and 180 mg/dL using short-acting insulin infusion. Patients were categorized into four groups based on diabetes status and glycemic control. The primary outcomes assessed were neurological outcome and mortality at 6 months after cardiac arrest. Among the 332 included patients, 83 (25.0%) had a previous diabetes diagnosis, and 114 (34.3%) had an HbA1c of 6.0% or higher. At least one hyperglycemic episode was observed in 314 patients (94.6%) and hypoglycemia was found in 63 patients (19.0%) during 48 h. After the categorization, unrecognized diabetes was noticed in 51 patients with median HbA1c of 6.3% (interquartile range [IQR] 6.1-6.6). Patients with inadequate diabetes control had the highest initial HbA1c level (7.0%, IQR 6.5-7.8) and admission glucose (314 mg/dL, IQR 257-424). Median time to target glucose in controlled diabetes was significantly shorter with the slowest glucose reducing rate. The total insulin dose required to reach the target glucose level and cumulative insulin requirement during 48 h were different among the categories (p <0.001). Poor neurological outcomes and mortality were more frequently observed in patients with diagnosed diabetes. Occurrence of a hypoglycemic episode during the 48 h after ROSC was independently associated with poor neurologic outcomes (odds ratio [OR] 3.505; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.382-9.663). Surviving patients following cardiac arrest exhibited variations in glucose hemodynamics and outcomes according to the categories based on their preexisting diabetes status and glycemic condition. Specifically, even experiencing a single episode of hypoglycemia during the acute phase could have an influence on unfavorable neurological outcomes. While the classification did not directly affect neurological outcomes, the present results indicate the need for a customized approach to glucose control based on these categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jin Bang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul St. Mary Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Song Youn
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul St. Mary Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Nam Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul St. Mary Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Oh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul St. Mary Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Joon Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul St. Mary Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Dicle Y, Aydin E, Seker U. Investigation of the protective activity of baicalein on the lungs via regulation of various cellular responses in rats exposed to experimental sepsis. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfad112. [PMID: 38178997 PMCID: PMC10762668 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds In the present study, a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced experimental sepsis rat model was used to explore the effects of baicalein on inflammatory cytokine levels and oxidative stress as well as the possible regulatory role of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). Methods For that purpose, 42 Wistar albino rats were equally divided into control, sham, sepsis, B50 + S, B100 + S, S + B50, and S + B100 groups. The B50 + S and B100 + S groups received baicalein before the induction of sepsis, while the S + B50 and S + B100 groups received baicalein afterwards. Experimental sepsis in related groups is generated through ligation of cecum and a puncture in cecal wall. Serum samples were used for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) analyses, and tissue Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione (GSH), IL-6, and NF-κB levels were measured. Results Compared to the control group, there were significantly increases in the serum TNF-α, IL-6, tissue MDA, and NF-κB levels and decreases in the tissue SOD and GSH levels in the septic group (P < 0.05). Compared to the septic group, inflammation and oxidative stress were reduced in the baicalein-treated groups. Although all of the pre- and post-treatment protocols alleviated inflammation and oxidative stress to varying degrees, pre-treatment with 100 mg/kg was the most successful. Conclusions Findings of this study indicated that baicalein has the potential to reduce sepsis-related oxidative stress and inflammation in the lungs and that pathological outcomes could be regulated via NF-κB transcription factor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalcin Dicle
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mardin Artuklu University, 47200, Mardin, Türkiye
| | - Elif Aydin
- Tavsanli Vocational School of Health Services, Kutahya Health Sciences University, 43300, Kutahya, Türkiye
| | - Ugur Seker
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mardin Artuklu University, 47200, Mardin, Türkiye
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Hryciw BN, Ghossein J, Rochwerg B, Meggison H, Fernando SM, Kyeremanteng K, Tran A, Seely AJE. Glycemic Variability As a Prognostic Factor for Mortality in Patients With Critical Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Crit Care Explor 2024; 6:e1025. [PMID: 38222872 PMCID: PMC10786590 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000001025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association of various measures of glycemic variability, including time-domain and complexity-domain, with short-term mortality in patients with critical illness. DATA SOURCES We searched Embase Classic +, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from inception to November 3, 2023. STUDY SELECTION We included English language studies that assessed metrics of glycemic variation or complexity and short-term mortality in patients admitted to the ICU. DATA EXTRACTION Two authors performed independent data abstraction and risk-of-bias assessments. We used a random-effects model to pool binary and continuous data and summarized estimates of effect using odds ratios and mean difference. We used the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool to assess risk of bias and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations to assess certainty of pooled estimates. DATA SYNTHESIS We included 41 studies (n = 162,259). We demonstrate that increased sd, coefficient of variance, glycemic lability index, and decreased time in range are probably associated with increased mortality in critically ill patients (moderate certainty) and that increased mean absolute glucose, mean amplitude of glycemic excursion, and detrended fluctuation analysis may be associated with increased mortality (low certainty). CONCLUSIONS We found a consistent association between increased measures of glycemic variability and higher short-term mortality in patient with critical illness. Further research should focus on standardized measurements of glycemic variation and complexity, along with their utility as therapeutic targets and prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett N Hryciw
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jamie Ghossein
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Bram Rochwerg
- Department of Medicine, Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Hilary Meggison
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shannon M Fernando
- Department of Critical Care, Lakeridge Health Corporation, Oshawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kwadwo Kyeremanteng
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alexandre Tran
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew J E Seely
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Zhang L, Shi X, Qiu H, Liu S, Yang T, Li X, Liu X. Protein modification by short-chain fatty acid metabolites in sepsis: a comprehensive review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1171834. [PMID: 37869005 PMCID: PMC10587562 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1171834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a major life-threatening syndrome of organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response due to infection. Dysregulated immunometabolism is fundamental to the onset of sepsis. Particularly, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are gut microbes derived metabolites serving to drive the communication between gut microbes and the immune system, thereby exerting a profound influence on the pathophysiology of sepsis. Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) have emerged as key players in shaping protein function, offering novel insights into the intricate connections between metabolism and phenotype regulation that characterize sepsis. Accumulating evidence from recent studies suggests that SCFAs can mediate various PTM-dependent mechanisms, modulating protein activity and influencing cellular signaling events in sepsis. This comprehensive review discusses the roles of SCFAs metabolism in sepsis associated inflammatory and immunosuppressive disorders while highlights recent advancements in SCFAs-mediated lysine acylation modifications, such as substrate supplement and enzyme regulation, which may provide new pharmacological targets for the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinhui Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Sijia Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Tsai YH, Hung KY, Fang WF. Use of Peak Glucose Level and Peak Glycemic Gap in Mortality Risk Stratification in Critically Ill Patients with Sepsis and Prior Diabetes Mellitus of Different Body Mass Indexes. Nutrients 2023; 15:3973. [PMID: 37764757 PMCID: PMC10534504 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis remains a critical concern in healthcare, and its management is complicated when patients have pre-existing diabetes and varying body mass indexes (BMIs). This retrospective multicenter observational study, encompassing data from 15,884 sepsis patients admitted between 2012 and 2017, investigates the relationship between peak glucose levels and peak glycemic gap in the first 3 days of ICU admission, and their impact on mortality. The study reveals that maintaining peak glucose levels between 141-220 mg/dL is associated with improved survival rates in sepsis patients with diabetes. Conversely, peak glycemic gaps exceeding 146 mg/dL are linked to poorer survival outcomes. Patients with peak glycemic gaps below -73 mg/dL also experience inferior survival rates. In terms of predicting mortality, modified Sequential Organ Failure Assessment-Peak Glycemic Gap (mSOFA-pgg) scores outperform traditional SOFA scores by 6.8% for 90-day mortality in overweight patients. Similarly, the modified SOFA-Peak Glucose (mSOFA-pg) score demonstrates a 17.2% improvement over the SOFA score for predicting 28-day mortality in underweight patients. Importantly, both mSOFA-pg and mSOFA-pgg scores exhibit superior predictive power compared to traditional SOFA scores for patients at high nutritional risk. These findings underscore the importance of glycemic control in sepsis management and highlight the potential utility of the mSOFA-pg and mSOFA-pgg scores in predicting mortality risk, especially in patients with diabetes and varying nutritional statuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Tsai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (Y.-H.T.); (K.-Y.H.)
| | - Kai-Yin Hung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (Y.-H.T.); (K.-Y.H.)
- Department of Nutritional Therapy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Mei Ho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Feng Fang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (Y.-H.T.); (K.-Y.H.)
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
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Angelis D, Jaleel MA, Brion LP. Hyperglycemia and prematurity: a narrative review. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:892-903. [PMID: 37120652 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02628-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is commonly encountered in extremely preterm newborns and physiologically can be attributed to immaturity in several biochemical pathways related to glucose metabolism. Although hyperglycemia is associated with a variety of adverse outcomes frequently described in this population, evidence for causality is lacking. Variations in definitions and treatment approaches have further complicated the understanding and implications of hyperglycemia on the immediate and long-term effects in preterm newborns. In this review, we describe the relationship between hyperglycemia and organ development, outcomes, treatment options, and potential gaps in knowledge that need further research. IMPACT: Hyperglycemia is common and less well described than hypoglycemia in extremely preterm newborns. Hyperglycemia can be attributed to immaturity in several cellular pathways involved in glucose metabolism in this age group. Hyperglycemia has been shown to be associated with a variety of adverse outcomes frequently described in this population; however, evidence for causality is lacking. Variations in definitions and treatment approaches have complicated the understanding and the implications of hyperglycemia on the immediate and long-term effects outcomes. This review describes the relationship between hyperglycemia and organ development, outcomes, treatment options, and potential gaps in knowledge that need further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Angelis
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Mambarambath A Jaleel
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Luc P Brion
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Pan LN, Pan SA, Hong GL, Chen KW. A New Nomogram for Predicting 30-Day In-Hospital Mortality Rate of Acute Cholangitis Patients in the Intensive Care Unit. Emerg Med Int 2023; 2023:9961438. [PMID: 37599814 PMCID: PMC10435307 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9961438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Acute cholangitis (AC) is a widespread acute inflammatory disease and the main cause of septic shock, which has a high death rate in hospitals. At present, the prediction models for short-term mortality of AC patients are still not ideal. We aimed at developing a new model that could forecast the short-term mortality rate of AC patients. Methods Data were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV version 2.0 (MIMIC-IV v2.0). There were a total of 506 cases of AC patients that were included. Patients were given a 7 : 3 split between the training set and the validation set after being randomly assigned to one of the groups. Multivariate logistic regression was used to create an AC patient predictive nomogram for 30-day mortality. The overall efficacy of the model is evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), the calibration curve, the net reclassification improvement (NRI), the integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and a decision curve analysis (DCA). Results Out of 506 patients, 14.0% (71 patients) died. The training cohort had 354 patients, and the validation cohort had 152 patients. GCS, SPO2, albumin, AST/ALT, glucose, potassium, PTT, and peripheral vascular disease were the independent risk factors according to the multivariate analysis results. The newly established nomogram had better prediction performance than other common scoring systems (such as SOFA, OASIS, and SAPS II). For two cohorts, the calibration curve demonstrated coherence between the nomogram and the ideal observation (P > 0.05). The clinical utility of the nomogram in both sets was revealed by decision curve analysis. Conclusion The novel prognostic model was effective in forecasting the 30-day mortality rate for acute cholangitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Shen-Ao Pan
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Guang-Liang Hong
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Kun-Wei Chen
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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de Baat A, Trinh B, Ellingsgaard H, Donath MY. Physiological role of cytokines in the regulation of mammalian metabolism. Trends Immunol 2023:S1471-4906(23)00110-2. [PMID: 37423882 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The innate cytokine system is involved in the response to excessive food intake. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the physiological role of three prominent cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), in mammalian metabolic regulation. This recent research highlights the pleiotropic and context-dependent functions in the immune-metabolic interplay. IL-1β is activated in response to overloaded mitochondrial metabolism, stimulates insulin secretion, and allocates energy to immune cells. IL-6 is released by contracting skeletal muscle and adipose tissue and directs energy from storing tissues to consuming tissues. TNF induces insulin resistance and prevents ketogenesis. Additionally, the therapeutic potential of modulating the activity of each cytokine is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel de Baat
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Beckey Trinh
- The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helga Ellingsgaard
- The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marc Y Donath
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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12
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Barbosa M, Marques-Sá J, Carvalho C, Fernandes V. Is elevated blood glucose at admission associated with poor outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients? ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2023; 67:e000649. [PMID: 37364151 PMCID: PMC10661009 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Objective Hyperglycemia has been suggested as a risk factor for poor outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of our work was to evaluate the association between blood glucose levels at admission (BGA) and disease outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Subjects and methods Retrospective study including all adult COVID-19 patients admitted to a Portuguese hospital from March to August 2020 with BGA measurement. Subjects were categorized into two groups: BGA < 140 mg/dL and ≥ 140 mg/dL. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSSv26® (significance defined as p < 0.05). Results We included 202 patients: median age 74 (60-86) years; 43.1% female; 31.2% with diabetes. The median BGA was 130.5 (108-158) mg/dL. When compared to normoglycemic, patients with BGA ≥ 140 mg/dL were older (p = 0.013), more vaccinated for influenza (p = 0.025) and had more comorbidities (hypertension, heart failure and peripheral arterial disease, p < 0.05). The last group presented higher leucocyte and neutrophile count, higher procalcitonin and prothrombin time, and lower lymphocyte count. Concerning prognosis, BGA ≥ 140 mg/dL was associated with higher rates of mechanical ventilation requirement and intensive care unit admission (p < 0.001), shock (p = 0.011), in-hospital mortality (p = 0.022) and 30-day mortality (p = 0.037). Considering only non-diabetic patients (n = 139), those with hyperglycemia presented higher rates of severity indicators (polypnea, SatO2 ≤ 93% and PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 300) and an association with poor outcomes was also found, namely mechanical ventilation requirement and in-hospital/30-day mortality (p < 0.05). Conclusion Hyperglycemia at admission was associated with poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients, even in those without known pre-existing diabetes. Glycemic testing should be recommended for all COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Barbosa
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal,
| | | | - Carla Carvalho
- Escola de Medicina, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Vera Fernandes
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
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13
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Zahedi M, Kordrostami S, Kalantarhormozi M, Bagheri M. A Review of Hyperglycemia in COVID-19. Cureus 2023; 15:e37487. [PMID: 37187644 PMCID: PMC10181889 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common chronic metabolic disorders worldwide, which increases the risk of common and opportunistic infections. Following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a higher incidence rate, more severe forms of the disease, and exacerbation of hyperglycemia and its complications have been observed in patients with DM. Moreover, stress-induced hyperglycemia has been observed in many hospitalized nondiabetic patients after contracting COVID-19. Hyperglycemia worsens prognosis in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients. In this study, the mechanism of new-onset or exacerbation of hyperglycemia, the effect of the treatments used for COVID-19 on hyperglycemia, the importance and appropriate method of blood glucose (blood sugar (BS)) control during the disease, and the possible fate of new-onset hyperglycemia after recovery from COVID-19 to some extent is expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zahedi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Clinical Research Development Unit (CRDU) 5 Azar Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IRN
| | - Saba Kordrostami
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Clinical Research Development Unit (CRDU) 5 Azar Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IRN
| | | | - Marziyeh Bagheri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, IRN
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14
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Dumas JA, Bunn JY, LaMantia MA, McIsaac C, Senft Miller A, Nop O, Testo A, Soares BP, Mank MM, Poynter ME, Lawrence Kien C. Alteration of brain function and systemic inflammatory tone in older adults by decreasing the dietary palmitic acid intake. AGING BRAIN 2023; 3:100072. [PMID: 37408793 PMCID: PMC10318304 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2023.100072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior studies in younger adults showed that reducing the normally high intake of the saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid (PA), in the North American diet by replacing it with the monounsaturated fatty acid, oleic acid (OA), decreased blood concentrations and secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 and changed brain activation in regions of the working memory network. We examined the effects of these fatty acid manipulations in the diet of older adults. Ten subjects, aged 65-75 years, participated in a randomized, cross-over trial comparing 1-week high PA versus low PA/high OA diets. We evaluated functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using an N-back test of working memory and a resting state scan, cytokine secretion by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated PBMCs, and plasma cytokine concentrations. During the low PA compared to the high PA diet, we observed increased activation for the 2-back minus 0-back conditions in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Broadman Area (BA) 9; p < 0.005), but the effect of diet on working memory performance was not significant (p = 0.09). We observed increased connectivity between anterior regions of the salience network during the low PA/high OA diet (p < 0.001). The concentrations of IL-1β (p = 0.026), IL-8 (p = 0.013), and IL-6 (p = 0.009) in conditioned media from LPS-stimulated PBMCs were lower during the low PA/high OA diet. This study suggests that lowering the dietary intake of PA down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and altered working memory, task-based activation and resting state functional connectivity in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A. Dumas
- Department of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Janice Y. Bunn
- Department of Medical Biostatistics, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Michael A. LaMantia
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Catherine McIsaac
- Clinical Research Center, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Anna Senft Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Olivia Nop
- Department of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Abigail Testo
- Department of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Bruno P. Soares
- Department of Radiology, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Madeleine M. Mank
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Matthew E. Poynter
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - C. Lawrence Kien
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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15
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Kastl BC, Springer NL. Serum biochemical changes in cats with naturally acquired feline cytauxzoonosis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2023; 261:517-525. [PMID: 36656676 DOI: 10.2460/javma.22.05.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The geographical distribution of feline cytauxzoonosis is expanding in the US. Clinical signs of feline cytauxzoonosis, including lethargy, anorexia, and icterus, are similar to hepatic lipidosis and cholangiohepatitis. Hematologic and serum biochemical abnormality patterns may assist practitioners in prioritizing feline cytauxzoonosis as a differential diagnosis over hepatic lipidosis and cholangiohepatitis. SAMPLE Hematology and serum biochemical profiles of cats with naturally acquired feline cytauxzoonosis, hepatic lipidosis, or cholangiohepatitis. PROCEDURES Retrospective search and analysis of the Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory or Kansas State University Veterinary Health Center records between January 2007 and June 2018 for cats with cytauxzoonosis, hepatic lipidosis, or cholangiohepatitis. RESULTS Patients with acute feline cytauxzoonosis presented with frequent nonregenerative anemia (20/28 [71%]), leukopenia (23/28 [82%]), thrombocytopenia (23/23 [100%]), hyperbilirubinemia (27/28 [97%]), hypoalbuminemia (26/28 [93%]), reduced (18/28 [64%]) or low normal (10/28 [36%]) serum ALP activity, and hyponatremia (23/28 [82%]). Reduced ALP activity was unique to cats with feline cytauxzoonosis relative to hepatic lipidosis and cholangiohepatitis. No correlation between the severity of anemia and the magnitude of hyperbilirubinemia was identified in feline cytauxzoonosis patients. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The combination of nonregenerative anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, hyperbilirubinemia, and reduced serum ALP activity in icteric cats may increase the clinical suspicion, but is not pathognomonic, for acute feline cytauxzoonosis. Hematologic and serum biochemical abnormalities of naturally acquired feline cytauxzoonosis are like those reported with feline bacterial sepsis. Blood smear evaluation for intraerythrocytic Cytauxzoon felis piroplasms, tissue aspirates for schizont-laden macrophages, and/or molecular testing are required to diagnose feline cytauxzoonosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandy C Kastl
- 1Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
- 2Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Nora L Springer
- 1Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
- 2Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
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16
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Yahia A, Szlávecz Á, Knopp JL, Norfiza Abdul Razak N, Abu Samah A, Shaw G, Chase JG, Benyo B. Estimating Enhanced Endogenous Glucose Production in Intensive Care Unit Patients with Severe Insulin Resistance. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2022; 16:1208-1219. [PMID: 34078114 PMCID: PMC9445352 DOI: 10.1177/19322968211018260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Critically ill ICU patients frequently experience acute insulin resistance and increased endogenous glucose production, manifesting as stress-induced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. STAR (Stochastic TARgeted) is a glycemic control protocol, which directly manages inter- and intra- patient variability using model-based insulin sensitivity (SI). The model behind STAR assumes a population constant for endogenous glucose production (EGP), which is not otherwise identifiable. OBJECTIVE This study analyses the effect of estimating EGP for ICU patients with very low SI (severe insulin resistance) and its impact on identified, model-based insulin sensitivity identification, modeling accuracy, and model-based glycemic clinical control. METHODS Using clinical data from 717 STAR patients in 3 independent cohorts (Hungary, New Zealand, and Malaysia), insulin sensitivity, time of insulin resistance, and EGP values are analyzed. A method is presented to estimate EGP in the presence of non-physiologically low SI. Performance is assessed via model accuracy. RESULTS Results show 22%-62% of patients experience 1+ episodes of severe insulin resistance, representing 0.87%-9.00% of hours. Episodes primarily occur in the first 24 h, matching clinical expectations. The Malaysian cohort is most affected. In this subset of hours, constant model-based EGP values can bias identified SI and increase blood glucose (BG) fitting error. Using the EGP estimation method presented in these constrained hours significantly reduced BG fitting errors. CONCLUSIONS Patients early in ICU stay may have significantly increased EGP. Increasing modeled EGP in model-based glycemic control can improve control accuracy in these hours. The results provide new insight into the frequency and level of significantly increased EGP in critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anane Yahia
- Department of Control Engineering and Information Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
- Anane Yahia, Department of Control Engineering and Information Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 2. Magyar tudosok Blvd., Budapest, H-1117, Hungary.
| | - Ákos Szlávecz
- Department of Control Engineering and Information Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jennifer L. Knopp
- Mechanical Engineering, Centre of Bio-Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, NZ
| | | | - Asma Abu Samah
- Institute of Energy Infrastructure, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-UNITEN, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Geoff Shaw
- Mechanical Engineering, Centre of Bio-Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, NZ
| | - J. Geoffrey Chase
- Mechanical Engineering, Centre of Bio-Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, NZ
| | - Balazs Benyo
- Department of Control Engineering and Information Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
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17
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Wang YF, Li JW, Wang DP, Jin K, Hui JJ, Xu HY. Anti-Hyperglycemic Agents in the Adjuvant Treatment of Sepsis: Improving Intestinal Barrier Function. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:1697-1711. [PMID: 35693534 PMCID: PMC9176233 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s360348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal barrier injury and hyperglycemia are common in patients with sepsis. Bacteria translocation and systemic inflammatory response caused by intestinal barrier injury play a significant role in sepsis occurrence and deterioration, while hyperglycemia is linked to adverse outcomes in sepsis. Previous studies have shown that hyperglycemia is an independent risk factor for intestinal barrier injury. Concurrently, increasing evidence has indicated that some anti-hyperglycemic agents not only improve intestinal barrier function but are also beneficial in managing sepsis-induced organ dysfunction. Therefore, we assume that these agents can block or reduce the severity of sepsis by improving intestinal barrier function. Accordingly, we explicated the connection between sepsis, intestinal barrier, and hyperglycemia, overviewed the evidence on improving intestinal barrier function and alleviating sepsis-induced organ dysfunction by anti-hyperglycemic agents (eg, metformin, peroxisome proliferators activated receptor-γ agonists, berberine, and curcumin), and summarized some common characteristics of these agents to provide a new perspective in the adjuvant treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Feng Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Wei Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Peng Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Jin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao-Jie Hui
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yang Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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18
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Norris T, Razieh C, Yates T, Zaccardi F, Gillies CL, Chudasama YV, Rowlands A, Davies MJ, McCann GP, Banerjee A, Docherty AB, Openshaw PJ, Baillie JK, Semple MG, Lawson CA, Khunti K. Admission Blood Glucose Level and Its Association With Cardiovascular and Renal Complications in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:1132-1140. [PMID: 35275994 PMCID: PMC9174963 DOI: 10.2337/dc21-1709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between admission blood glucose levels and risk of in-hospital cardiovascular and renal complications. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this multicenter prospective study of 36,269 adults hospitalized with COVID-19 between 6 February 2020 and 16 March 2021 (N = 143,266), logistic regression models were used to explore associations between admission glucose level (mmol/L and mg/dL) and odds of in-hospital complications, including heart failure, arrhythmia, cardiac ischemia, cardiac arrest, coagulation complications, stroke, and renal injury. Nonlinearity was investigated using restricted cubic splines. Interaction models explored whether associations between glucose levels and complications were modified by clinically relevant factors. RESULTS Cardiovascular and renal complications occurred in 10,421 (28.7%) patients; median admission glucose level was 6.7 mmol/L (interquartile range 5.8-8.7) (120.6 mg/dL [104.4-156.6]). While accounting for confounders, for all complications except cardiac ischemia and stroke, there was a nonlinear association between glucose and cardiovascular and renal complications. For example, odds of heart failure, arrhythmia, coagulation complications, and renal injury decreased to a nadir at 6.4 mmol/L (115 mg/dL), 4.9 mmol/L (88.2 mg/dL), 4.7 mmol/L (84.6 mg/dL), and 5.8 mmol/L (104.4 mg/dL), respectively, and increased thereafter until 26.0 mmol/L (468 mg/dL), 50.0 mmol/L (900 mg/dL), 8.5 mmol/L (153 mg/dL), and 32.4 mmol/L (583.2 mg/dL). Compared with 5 mmol/L (90 mg/dL), odds ratios at these glucose levels were 1.28 (95% CI 0.96, 1.69) for heart failure, 2.23 (1.03, 4.81) for arrhythmia, 1.59 (1.36, 1.86) for coagulation complications, and 2.42 (2.01, 2.92) for renal injury. For most complications, a modifying effect of age was observed, with higher odds of complications at higher glucose levels for patients age <69 years. Preexisting diabetes status had a similar modifying effect on odds of complications, but evidence was strongest for renal injury, cardiac ischemia, and any cardiovascular/renal complication. CONCLUSIONS Increased odds of cardiovascular or renal complications were observed for admission glucose levels indicative of both hypo- and hyperglycemia. Admission glucose could be used as a marker for risk stratification of high-risk patients. Further research should evaluate interventions to optimize admission glucose on improving COVID-19 outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Norris
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, U.K
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K
| | - Cameron Razieh
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, U.K
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, U.K
| | - Thomas Yates
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, U.K
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, U.K
| | - Francesco Zaccardi
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, U.K
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K
| | - Clare L. Gillies
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, U.K
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K
| | - Yogini V. Chudasama
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K
| | - Alex Rowlands
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, U.K
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, U.K
| | - Melanie J. Davies
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, U.K
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, U.K
| | - Gerry P. McCann
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, U.K
- Cardiovascular Sciences Department, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K
| | - Amitava Banerjee
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, U.K
| | - Annemarie B. Docherty
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Infirmary Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | | | | | - Malcolm G. Semple
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
- Respiratory Medicine, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital, Liverpool, U.K
| | - Claire A. Lawson
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, U.K
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, U.K
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K
- National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration–East Midlands, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, U.K
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19
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Zhang L, Xu J, Qi X, Tao Z, Yang Z, Chen W, Wang X, Pan T, Dai Y, Tian R, Chen Y, Tang B, Liu Z, Tan R, Qu H, Yu Y, Liu J. Development and Validation of a Nomogram for Predicting the Risk of Coronavirus-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:2371-2381. [PMID: 35528184 PMCID: PMC9075028 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s348278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in December 2019 in Wuhan, it has spread rapidly worldwide. We aimed to establish and validate a nomogram that predicts the probability of coronavirus-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS). Methods In this single-centre, retrospective study, 261 patients with COVID-19 were recruited using positive reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in Tongji Hospital at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Wuhan, China). These patients were randomly distributed into the training cohort (75%) and the validation cohort (25%). The factors included in the nomogram were determined using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses based on the training cohort. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), consistency index (C-index), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the efficiency of the nomogram in the training and validation cohorts. Results Independent predictive factors, including fasting plasma glucose, platelet, D-dimer, and cTnI, were determined using the nomogram. In the training cohort, the AUC and concordance index were 0.93. Similarly, in the validation cohort, the nomogram still showed great distinction (AUC: 0.92) and better calibration. The calibration plot also showed a high degree of agreement between the predicted and actual probabilities of CARDS. In addition, the DCA proved that the nomogram was clinically beneficial. Conclusion Based on the results of laboratory tests, we established a predictive model for acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with COVID-19. This model shows good performance and can be used clinically to identify CARDS early. Trial Registration Ethics committee of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (No.:(2020) Linlun-34th).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Qi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheying Tao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhitao Yang
- Emergency Department, Ruijin Hospital affiliate to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliate to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunqi Dai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Tian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaojun Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruoming Tan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongping Qu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jialin Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jialin Liu; Yue Yu, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200020, People’s Republic of China, Email ;
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20
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Kapłan C, Kalemba A, Krok M, Krzych Ł. Effect of Treatment and Nutrition on Glycemic Variability in Critically Ill Patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084717. [PMID: 35457586 PMCID: PMC9026687 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nondiabetic hyperglycemia is a dangerous metabolic phenomenon in the intensive care unit. Inattentive treatment of glycemic disorders is a serious health hazard promoting negative outcomes. The aim of our study was to assess glycemic variability and its basic determinants, and to verify its relationship with mortality in patients hospitalized in a mixed ICU (intensive care unit). The medical records of 37 patients hospitalized 13 January−29 February 2020 were analyzed prospectively. The BG (blood glucose) variability during the stay was assessed using two definitions, i.e., the value of standard deviation (SD) from all the measurements performed and the coefficient of variation (CV). A correlation between the BG variability and insulin dose was observed (SD: R = 0.559; p < 0.01; CV: R = 0.621; p < 0.01). There was also a correlation between the BG variability and the total energy daily dose (SD: R = 0.373; p = 0.02; CV: R = 0.364; p = 0.03). Glycemic variability was higher among patients to whom treatment with adrenalin (p = 0.0218) or steroid (p = 0.0292) was applied. The BG variability, expressed using SD, was associated with ICU mortality (ROC = 0.806; 95% CI: 0.643−0.917; p = 0.0014). The BG variability in the ICU setting arises from the loss of balance between the supplied energy and the applied insulin dose and may be associated with a worse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Kapłan
- Students’ Scientific Society, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 14 Medyków Street, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (C.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Alicja Kalemba
- Students’ Scientific Society, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 14 Medyków Street, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (C.K.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Monika Krok
- Students’ Scientific Society, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 14 Medyków Street, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (C.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Łukasz Krzych
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 14 Medyków Street, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
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21
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Chai C, Chen K, Li S, Cheng G, Wang W, Wang H, Wei D, Peng C, Sun Q, Tang Z. Effect of elevated fasting blood glucose level on the one-year mortality and sequelae in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a bidirectional cohort study. J Med Virol 2022; 94:3240-3250. [PMID: 35357022 PMCID: PMC9088618 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To observe the predictive effect of fasting blood glucose (FBG) level on the prognosis, clinical sequelae, and pulmonary absorption in hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients with and without a history of diabetes, respectively, and to evaluate the correlation between the dynamic changes of FBG and poor prognosis. In this bidirectional cohort study, we enrolled 2545 hospitalized COVID‐19 patients (439 diabetics and 2106 without a diabetic history) and followed up for 1 year. The patients were divided according to the level of admission FBG. The dynamic changes of FBG were compared between the survival and the death cases. The prediction effect of FBG on 1‐year mortality and sequelae was analyzed. The 1‐year all cause mortality rate and in‐hospital mortality rate of COVID‐19 patients were J‐curve correlated with FBG (p < 0.001 for both in the nondiabetic history group, p = 0.004 and p = 0.01 in the diabetic history group). FBG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L had a higher risk of developing sequelae (p = 0.025) and have slower recovery of abnormal lung scans (p < 0.001) in patients who denied a history of diabetes. Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that FBG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L was an independent risk factor for the mortality of COVID‐19 regardless of the presence or deny a history of diabetes (hazard atio [HR] = 10.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.15−15.83, p < 0.001; HR = 3.9, 95% CI: 1.56−9.77, p = 0.004, respectively). Our study shows that FBG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L can be a predictive factor of 1‐year all‐cause mortality in COVID‐19 patients, independent of diabetes history. FBG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L has an advantage in predicting the severity, clinical sequelae, and pulmonary absorption in COVID‐19 patients without a history of diabetes. Early detection, timely treatment, and strict control of blood glucose when finding hyperglycemia in COVID‐19 patients (with or without diabetes) are critical for their prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Kui Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Shoupeng Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Huanan Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518111, China
| | - Gang Cheng
- Computer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wendan Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hongxiang Wang
- Department of hematology, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Dunshuang Wei
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Cao Peng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zehai Tang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
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22
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Srinivasan V, Lee JH, Menon K, Zimmerman JJ, Bembea MM, Agus MSD. Endocrine Dysfunction Criteria in Critically Ill Children: The PODIUM Consensus Conference. Pediatrics 2022; 149:S84-S90. [PMID: 34970672 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-052888m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Endocrine dysfunction is common in critically ill children and is manifested by abnormalities in glucose, thyroid hormone, and cortisol metabolism. OBJECTIVE To develop consensus criteria for endocrine dysfunction in critically ill children by assessing the association of various biomarkers with clinical and functional outcomes. DATA SOURCES PubMed and Embase were searched from January 1992 to January 2020. STUDY SELECTION We included studies in which researchers evaluated critically ill children with abnormalities in glucose homeostasis, thyroid function and adrenal function, performance characteristics of assessment and/or scoring tools to screen for endocrine dysfunction, and outcomes related to mortality, organ-specific status, and patient-centered outcomes. Studies of adults, premature infants or animals, reviews and/or commentaries, case series with sample size ≤10, and non-English-language studies were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION Data extraction and risk-of-bias assessment for each eligible study were performed by 2 independent reviewers. RESULTS The systematic review supports the following criteria for abnormal glucose homeostasis (blood glucose [BG] concentrations >150 mg/dL [>8.3 mmol/L] and BG concentrations <50 mg/dL [<2.8 mmol/L]), abnormal thyroid function (serum total thyroxine [T4] <4.2 μg/dL [<54 nmol/L]), and abnormal adrenal function (peak serum cortisol concentration <18 μg/dL [500 nmol/L]) and/or an increment in serum cortisol concentration of <9 μg/dL (250 nmol/L) after adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation. LIMITATIONS These included variable sampling for BG measurements, limited reporting of free T4 levels, and inconsistent interpretation of adrenal axis testing. CONCLUSIONS We present consensus criteria for endocrine dysfunction in critically ill children that include specific measures of BG, T4, and adrenal axis testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Srinivasan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jan Hau Lee
- Children's Intensive Care Unit, KK Women's and Children's Hospital and Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Kusum Menon
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jerry J Zimmerman
- Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Harborview Medical Center and School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Melania M Bembea
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael S D Agus
- Division of Medical Critical Care, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
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23
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Valente T, Valente F, Lucchesi MBB, Punaro GR, Mouro MG, Gabbay MAL, Higa EMS, Dib SA. Relationship between short and long-term glycemic variability and oxidative stress in type 1 diabetes mellitus under daily life insulin treatment. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2021; 65:570-578. [PMID: 33740334 PMCID: PMC10528580 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the heterogeneity of the association between glycemic variability and oxidative stress markers in T1DM patients under daily life insulin treatment. METHODS We studied, in a cross-sectional analysis, 76 T1DM patients without clinical chronic diabetes complications and 22 healthy individuals. Were evaluated the short-term glycemic variability (STGV), long-term glycemic variability (LTGV), oxidative stress markers [8-isoprostaglandin-F2α (Ur-8-iso-PGF2α), nitric oxide (NO), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and erythrocytes reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG)] and biochemical dosages (glycaemia, HbA1c, lipidogram, albuminuria). RESULTS Plasmatic NO was positively associated with LTGV (last year average of HbA1c) (8.7 ± 1.6% or 71 ± 18 mmol) (rS: 0.278; p: 0.042). Plasmatic TBARS, erythrocytes GSH/GSSH and Ur-8-iso-PGF-2α didn't show correlation with glycemic variability. GSH/GSSG was inversely correlated with LDL-cholesterol (rS: - 0.417; p: 0.047) and triglycerides (rS: -0.521; p: 0.013). Albuminuria was positive correlated with age (rS: 0.340; p: 0.002), plasmatic NO (rS: 0.267; p 0.049) and TBARS (rS: 0.327; p: 0.015). CONCLUSION In daily life insulin treatment, young T1DM patients have higher plasmatic NO than healthy subjects. However, the correlation between glycemic variability and oxidative stress markers is heterogeneous. Lipid profile and albuminuria are associated with different oxidative stress markers. These data collaborate to explain the controversial results in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Valente
- Departamento de Medicina, Divisão de Endocrinologia, Centro de Diabetes da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil,
| | - Fernando Valente
- Departamento de Medicina, Divisão de Endocrinologia, Centro de Diabetes da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Maria Beatriz Bastos Lucchesi
- Departamento de Medicina, Divisão de Endocrinologia, Centro de Diabetes da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Giovana Rita Punaro
- Departamento de Medicina, Divisão de Nefrologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Margaret Gori Mouro
- Departamento de Medicina, Divisão de Nefrologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Monica Andrade Lima Gabbay
- Departamento de Medicina, Divisão de Endocrinologia, Centro de Diabetes da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Elisa Mieko Suemitsu Higa
- Departamento de Medicina, Divisão de Nefrologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Sergio Atala Dib
- Departamento de Medicina, Divisão de Endocrinologia, Centro de Diabetes da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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24
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Peptide VSAK maintains tissue glucose uptake and attenuates pro-inflammatory responses caused by LPS in an experimental model of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome: a PET study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14752. [PMID: 34285283 PMCID: PMC8292390 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94224-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation using Positron Emission Tomography shows how peptide VSAK can reduce the detrimental effects produced by lipopolysaccharides in Dutch dwarf rabbits, used to develop the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS). Animals concomitantly treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and peptide VSAK show important protection in the loss of radiolabeled-glucose uptake observed in diverse organs when animals are exclusively treated with LPS. Treatment with peptide VSAK prevented the onset of changes in serum levels of glucose and insulin associated with the establishment of SIRS and the insulin resistance-like syndrome. Treatment with peptide VSAK also allowed an important attenuation in the circulating levels of pro-inflammatory molecules in LPS-treated animals. As a whole, our data suggest that peptide VSAK might be considered as a candidate in the development of new therapeutic possibilities focused on mitigating the harmful effects produced by lipopolysaccharides during the course of SIRS.
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25
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Dutton JS, Hinman SS, Kim R, Attayek PJ, Maurer M, Sims CS, Allbritton NL. Hyperglycemia minimally alters primary self-renewing human colonic epithelial cells while TNFα-promotes severe intestinal epithelial dysfunction. Integr Biol (Camb) 2021; 13:139-152. [PMID: 33989405 PMCID: PMC8204630 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is thought to increase production of inflammatory cytokines and permeability of the large intestine. Resulting intestinal inflammation is then often characterized by excess secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). Thus, hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients suffering from severe trauma or disease is frequently accompanied by TNFα secretion, and the combined impact of these insults on the intestinal epithelium is poorly understood. This study utilized a simple yet elegant model of the intestinal epithelium, comprised of primary human intestinal stem cells and their differentiated progeny, to investigate the impact of hyperglycemia and inflammatory factors on the colonic epithelium. When compared to epithelium cultured under conditions of physiologic glucose, cells under hyperglycemic conditions displayed decreased mucin-2 (MUC2), as well as diminished alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Conditions of 60 mM glucose potentiated secretion of the cytokine IL-8 suggesting that cytokine secretion during hyperglycemia may be a source of tissue inflammation. TNFα measurably increased secretion of IL-8 and IL-1β, which was enhanced at 60 mM glucose. Surprisingly, intestinal permeability and paracellular transport were not altered by even extreme levels of hyperglycemia. The presence of TNFα increased MUC2 presence, decreased ALP activity, and negatively impacted monolayer barrier function. When TNFα hyperglycemia and ≤30 mM glucose and were combined, MUC2 and ALP activity remained similar to that of TNFα alone, although synergistic effects were seen at 60 mM glucose. An automated image analysis pipeline was developed to assay changes in properties of the zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1)-demarcated cell boundaries. While hyperglycemia alone had little impact on cell shape and size, cell morphologic properties were extraordinarily sensitive to soluble TNFα. These results suggest that TNFα acted as the dominant modulator of the epithelium relative to glucose, and that control of inflammation rather than glucose may be key to maintaining intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna S Dutton
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Samuel S Hinman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Raehyun Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter J Attayek
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Mallory Maurer
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Christopher S Sims
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nancy L Allbritton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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26
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Mirzaei F, Khodadadi I, Vafaei SA, Abbasi-Oshaghi E, Tayebinia H, Farahani F. Importance of hyperglycemia in COVID-19 intensive-care patients: Mechanism and treatment strategy. Prim Care Diabetes 2021; 15:409-416. [PMID: 33436320 PMCID: PMC7834268 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review reported that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infected patients with short time bed rest or quarantine and airway inflammation are at more risk of developing hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. This condition can induce oxidative stress, decrease immune system function, impair endothelial function, induce apoptosis, and reduce antioxidant in the lungs. We provide a possible mechanism in severe COVID-19 patients and recommend treatment strategy to reduce mortality rate and prevent adverse outcomes after intensive care unit (ICU).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mirzaei
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Iraj Khodadadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | | | - Ebrahim Abbasi-Oshaghi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Heidar Tayebinia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Farhad Farahani
- Hearing Impairment Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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27
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Affinati AH, Wallia A, Gianchandani RY. Severe hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a report of two cases. Clin Diabetes Endocrinol 2021; 7:8. [PMID: 33992101 PMCID: PMC8123093 DOI: 10.1186/s40842-021-00121-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe insulin resistance is an uncommon finding in patients with type 2 diabetes but is often associated with difficult to managing blood glucose. While severe insulin resistance is most frequently seen in the setting of medication side effects or rare genetic conditions, this report of two cases highlights the presence of severe insulin resistance in the setting of severe COVID-19 and explores how this may contribute to the poor prognosis of patients with diabetes who become infected with SARS-CoV-2. CASE PRESENTATION Here we present the cases of two African-American women with pre-existing type 2 diabetes who developed severe COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation and concurrent severe insulin resistance with total daily insulin dose requirements of greater than 5 unit/kg. Both patients received aggressive insulin infusion and subcutaneous insulin therapy to obtain adequate glucose management. As their COVID-19 clinical course improved, their severe insulin resistance improved as well. CONCLUSIONS The association between critical illness and hyperglycemia is well documented in the literature, however severe insulin resistance is not commonly identified and may represent a unique clinical feature of the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 infection and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison H Affinati
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Domino's Farms (Lobby G, Suite 1500), 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Drive, MI, 48106, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Amisha Wallia
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, IL, Chicago, USA
| | - Roma Y Gianchandani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Domino's Farms (Lobby G, Suite 1500), 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Drive, MI, 48106, Ann Arbor, USA.
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28
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de Souza Galia WB, Biazi GR, Frasson-Uemura IG, Miksza DR, Zaia CTBV, Zaia DAM, de Souza HM, Bertolini GL. Gluconeogenesis is reduced from alanine, lactate and pyruvate, but maintained from glycerol, in liver perfusion of rats with early and late sepsis. Cell Biochem Funct 2021; 39:754-762. [PMID: 33913177 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis induces several metabolic abnormalities, including hypoglycaemia in the most advanced stage of the disease, a risk factor for complications and death. Although hypoglycaemia can be caused by inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis, decreased and increased gluconeogenesis were reported in sepsis. Furthermore, gluconeogenesis from glycerol was not yet evaluated in this disease. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the gluconeogenesis from alanine, lactate, pyruvate and glycerol in rats with early (8 hours) and late (18 hours) sepsis. Parameters related to the characterization of sepsis were also evaluated. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture and gluconeogenesis was assessed in liver perfusion. Rats with early and late sepsis showed increased lactataemia, depletion of liver glycogen and peripheral insulin resistance, characterizing the establishment of sepsis. Rats with early and late sepsis showed decreased gluconeogenesis from alanine, lactate and pyruvate. Interestingly, gluconeogenesis from glycerol, a precursor that enters in the pathway at a later step, subsequent to the entry of alanine, lactate and pyruvate, was maintained in rats with early and late sepsis. In conclusion, gluconeogenesis is decreased from alanine, lactate and pyruvate, but maintained from glycerol, in liver perfusion of rats with early and late sepsis. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: The maintenance of gluconeogenesis from glycerol, but not from alanine, lactate and pyruvate, together with the liver glycogen depletion, points the glycerol as an important precursor for the maintenance of glycaemic homeostasis in sepsis. The findings open the possibility of further investigation on the administration of glycerol in the treatment of hypoglycaemia associated with more advanced sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuliana Regina Biazi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Daniele Romani Miksza
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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29
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Farooq N, Chuan B, Mahmud H, El Khoudary SR, Nouraie SM, Evankovich J, Yang L, Dunlap D, Bain W, Kitsios G, Zhang Y, O’Donnell CP, McVerry BJ, Shah FA. Association of the systemic host immune response with acute hyperglycemia in mechanically ventilated septic patients. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248853. [PMID: 33755703 PMCID: PMC7987165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia during sepsis is associated with increased organ dysfunction and higher mortality. The role of the host immune response in development of hyperglycemia during sepsis remains unclear. We performed a retrospective analysis of critically ill adult septic patients requiring mechanical ventilation (n = 153) to study the relationship between hyperglycemia and ten markers of the host injury and immune response measured on the first day of ICU admission (baseline). We determined associations between each biomarker and: (1) glucose, insulin, and c-peptide levels at the time of biomarker collection by Pearson correlation; (2) average glucose and glycemic variability in the first two days of ICU admission by linear regression; and (3) occurrence of hyperglycemia (blood glucose>180mg/dL) by logistic regression. Results were adjusted for age, pre-existing diabetes mellitus, severity of illness, and total insulin and glucocorticoid dose. Baseline plasma levels of ST2 and procalcitonin were positively correlated with average blood glucose and glycemic variability in the first two days of ICU admission in unadjusted and adjusted analyses. Additionally, higher baseline ST2, IL-1ra, procalcitonin, and pentraxin-3 levels were associated with increased risk of hyperglycemia. Our results suggest associations between the host immune response and hyperglycemia in critically ill septic patients particularly implicating the interleukin-1 axis (IL-1ra), the interleukin-33 axis (ST2), and the host response to bacterial infections (procalcitonin, pentraxin-3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nauman Farooq
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Byron Chuan
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hussain Mahmud
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Samar R. El Khoudary
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Seyed Mehdi Nouraie
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - John Evankovich
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Libing Yang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Daniel Dunlap
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - William Bain
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Georgios Kitsios
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Christopher P. O’Donnell
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Bryan J. McVerry
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Faraaz Ali Shah
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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30
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Prantner D, Nallar S, Richard K, Spiegel D, Collins KD, Vogel SN. Classically activated mouse macrophages produce methylglyoxal that induces a TLR4- and RAGE-independent proinflammatory response. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 109:605-619. [PMID: 32678947 PMCID: PMC7855181 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0520-745rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly reactive compound methylglyoxal (MG) can cause direct damage to cells and tissues by reacting with cellular macromolecules. MG has been identified as a biomarker associated with increased sepsis-induced mortality. Patients undergoing septic shock have significantly elevated circulating MG levels compared to postoperative patients and healthy controls. Furthermore, MG has been implicated in the development of type II diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease. Because MG is generated during glycolysis, we hypothesized that MG may be produced by classically activated (M1) macrophages, possibly contributing to the inflammatory response. LPS and IFN-γ-treated macrophages acquired an M1 phenotype (as evidenced by M1 markers and enhanced glycolysis) and formed MG adducts, MG-H1, MG-H2, and MG-H3, which were detected using antibodies specific for MG-modified proteins (methylglyoxal 5-hydro-5-methylimidazolones). MG adducts were also increased in the lungs of LPS-treated mice. Macrophages treated with LPS and IFN-γ also exhibited decreased expression of glyoxalase 1 (Glo1), an enzyme that metabolizes MG. Concentrations of exogenous, purified MG > 0.5 mM were toxic to macrophages; however, a nontoxic dose of 0.3 mM induced TNF-α and IL-1β, albeit to a lesser extent than LPS stimulation. Despite prior evidence that MG adducts may signal through "receptor for advanced glycation endproducts" (RAGE), MG-mediated cell death and cytokine induction by exogenous MG was RAGE-independent in primary macrophages. Finally, RAGE-deficient mice did not exhibit a significant survival advantage following lethal LPS injection. Overall, our evidence suggests that MG may be produced by M1 macrophages during sepsis, following IFN-γ-dependent down-regulation of Glo1, contributing to over-exuberant inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Prantner
- Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Shreeram Nallar
- Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Katharina Richard
- Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - David Spiegel
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Kim D. Collins
- Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD
| | - Stefanie N. Vogel
- Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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31
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Chávez-Reyes J, Escárcega-González CE, Chavira-Suárez E, León-Buitimea A, Vázquez-León P, Morones-Ramírez JR, Villalón CM, Quintanar-Stephano A, Marichal-Cancino BA. Susceptibility for Some Infectious Diseases in Patients With Diabetes: The Key Role of Glycemia. Front Public Health 2021; 9:559595. [PMID: 33665182 PMCID: PMC7921169 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.559595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled diabetes results in several metabolic alterations including hyperglycemia. Indeed, several preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that this condition may induce susceptibility and the development of more aggressive infectious diseases, especially those caused by some bacteria (including Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, among others) and viruses [such as coronavirus 2 (CoV2), Influenza A virus, Hepatitis B, etc.]. Although the precise mechanisms that link glycemia to the exacerbated infections remain elusive, hyperglycemia is known to induce a wide array of changes in the immune system activity, including alterations in: (i) the microenvironment of immune cells (e.g., pH, blood viscosity and other biochemical parameters); (ii) the supply of energy to infectious bacteria; (iii) the inflammatory response; and (iv) oxidative stress as a result of bacterial proliferative metabolism. Consistent with this evidence, some bacterial infections are typical (and/or have a worse prognosis) in patients with hypercaloric diets and a stressful lifestyle (conditions that promote hyperglycemic episodes). On this basis, the present review is particularly focused on: (i) the role of diabetes in the development of some bacterial and viral infections by analyzing preclinical and clinical findings; (ii) discussing the possible mechanisms by which hyperglycemia may increase the susceptibility for developing infections; and (iii) further understanding the impact of hyperglycemia on the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Chávez-Reyes
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Carlos E Escárcega-González
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología y Nanotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Erika Chavira-Suárez
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angel León-Buitimea
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología y Nanotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Priscila Vázquez-León
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - José R Morones-Ramírez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología y Nanotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Carlos M Villalón
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav-Coapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrés Quintanar-Stephano
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Bruno A Marichal-Cancino
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
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32
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Beardsall K. Hyperglycaemia in the Newborn Infant. Physiology Verses Pathology. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:641306. [PMID: 34368024 PMCID: PMC8333866 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.641306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is common in newborns requiring intensive care, particularly in preterm infants, in sepsis and following perinatal hypoxia. The clinical significance, and optimal intervention strategy varies with context, but hyperglycaemia is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. The limited evidence for optimal clinical targets mean controversy remains regarding thresholds for intervention, and management strategies. The first consideration in the management of hyperglycaemia must be to ascertain potentially treatable causes. Calculation of the glucose infusion rate (GIR) to insure this is not excessive, is critical but the use of insulin is often helpful in the extremely preterm infant, but is associated with an increased risk of hypoglycaemia. The use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has recently been demonstrated to be helpful in targeting glucose control, and reducing the risk from hypoglycaemia in the preterm infant. Its use in other at risk infants remains to be explored, and further studies are needed to provide a better understanding of the optimal glucose targets for different clinical conditions. In the future the combination of CGM and advances in computer algorithms, to provide intelligent closed loop systems, could allow a safer and more personalized approached to management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Beardsall
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Neonatal Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Lazarus G, Audrey J, Wangsaputra VK, Tamara A, Tahapary DL. High admission blood glucose independently predicts poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 171:108561. [PMID: 33310127 PMCID: PMC7725108 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the prognostic value of admission blood glucose (BG) in predicting COVID-19 outcomes, including poor composite outcomes (mortality/severity), mortality, and severity. METHODS Eligible studies evaluating the association between admission fasting BG (FBG) and random BG (RBG) levels with COVID-19 outcomes were included and assessed for risk of bias with the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool. Random-effects dose-response meta-analysis was conducted to investigate potential linear or non-linear exposure-response gradient. RESULTS The search yielded 35 studies involving a total of 14,502 patients. We discovered independent association between admission FBG and poor COVID-19 prognosis. Furthermore, we demonstrated non-linear relationship between admission FBG and severity (Pnon-linearity < 0.001), where each 1 mmol/L increase augmented the risk of severity by 33% (risk ratio 1.33 [95% CI: 1.26-1.40]). Albeit exhibiting similar trends, study scarcity limited the evidence strength on the independent prognostic value of admission RBG. GRADE assessment yielded high-quality evidence for the association between admission FBG and COVID-19 severity, and moderate-quality evidence for its association with mortality and poor outcomes. CONCLUSION High admission FBG level independently predicted poor COVID-19 prognosis. Further research to confirm the prognostic value of admission RBG and to ascertain the estimated dose-response risk between admission FBG and COVID-19 severity are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Lazarus
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Jessica Audrey
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Alice Tamara
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Aging Cluster, The Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dicky L Tahapary
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Aging Cluster, The Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
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Xu M, Yang W, Huang T, Zhou J. Diabetic patients with COVID-19 need more attention and better glycemic control. World J Diabetes 2020; 11:644-653. [PMID: 33384770 PMCID: PMC7754170 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v11.i12.644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic disease spreading all over the world and has aroused global concerns. The increasing mortality has revealed its severity. It is important to distinguish severe patients and provide appropriate treatment and care to prevent damages. Diabetes is reported to be a common comorbidity in COVID-19 patients and associated with higher mortality. We attempted to clarify the relationship between diabetes and COVID-19 patients' severity. AIM To determine the role of type 2 diabetes in COVID-19 patients. METHODS To study the relationship between diabetes and COVID-19, we retrospectively collected 61 patients' data from a tertiary medical center in Wuhan. All the patients were diagnosed with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and admitted to the center from February 13 to March 1, 2020. Patients' age, sex, laboratory tests, chest computed tomography findings, capillary blood glucose (BG), and treatments were collected and analyzed. Fisher exact test was used for categorical data. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to explore the relationship between clinical characteristics and patients' severity. RESULTS In the 61 patients, the comorbidity of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and heart diseases were 24.6% (15 out of 61), 37.7% (23 out of 61), and 11.5% (7 out of 61), respectively. The diabetic group was related to more invasive treatments (P = 0.02) and severe status (P = 0.003). In univariate logistic regression, histories of diabetes (OR = 7.13, P = 0.003), hypertension (OR = 3.41, P = 0.039), and hepatic dysfunction (OR = 7.69, P = 0.002) were predictors of patients' severity while heart disease (OR = 4.21, P = 0.083) and large lung involvement (OR = 2.70, P = 0.093) also slightly exacerbated patients' conditions. In the multivariate analysis, diabetes (OR = 6.29, P = 0.016) and hepatic dysfunction (OR = 5.88, P = 0.018) were risk factors for severe patients. Diabetic patients showed elevated BG in 61.7% of preprandial tests and 33.3% of postprandial tests, revealing the limited control of glycemia in COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSION A history of type 2 diabetes is correlated with invasive treatments and severe status. Suboptimal glycemic control and hepatic dysfunction have negative effects on severity status and may lead to the exacerbation of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
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35
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Cedeño Y, Miranda M, Orjales I, Herrero-Latorre C, Suárez M, Luna D, López-Alonso M. Trace Element Levels in Serum Are Potentially Valuable Diagnostic Markers in Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E2316. [PMID: 33297385 PMCID: PMC7762272 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to obtain information about the role of trace element imbalance in the pathogenesis of certain diseases in dogs and to evaluate the suitability of trace element profiling as an additional tool in the diagnosis. Serum trace element concentrations (copper, molybdenum, selenium and zinc) were measured in a cohort of healthy (control) dogs (n = 42) and dogs affected by hepatic (n = 25), gastrointestinal (n = 24), inflammatory/infection (n = 24), and renal (n = 22) diseases. These data were analyzed together with data on basic biochemical parameters (alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, albumin, globulin, and glucose) by using chemometric techniques. The chemometric analysis revealed distinctive association patterns between trace elements and biochemical parameters for each clinical disorders. The findings provide clear evidence for the important role of trace elements in disease, particularly in relation to acute phase reactions, with serum copper providing an indirect measurement of ceruloplasmin (positive acute-phase protein) and serum selenium and zinc acting as negative acute phase reactants. Molybdenum may also be a suitable marker of incipient renal disease. Thus, the analysis of trace element profiles, by multielement techniques, in a single serum sample would be a valuable additional tool for the diagnosis of certain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Cedeño
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (Y.C.); (D.L.); (M.L.-A.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Central del Ecuador, EC170521 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Marta Miranda
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (I.O.); (M.S.)
- Rof-Codina Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Orjales
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (I.O.); (M.S.)
- Rof-Codina Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Carlos Herrero-Latorre
- Research Institute on Chemical and Biological Analysis, Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain;
| | - Maruska Suárez
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (I.O.); (M.S.)
- Rof-Codina Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Diego Luna
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (Y.C.); (D.L.); (M.L.-A.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Central del Ecuador, EC170521 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Marta López-Alonso
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (Y.C.); (D.L.); (M.L.-A.)
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36
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Aktipis A, Guevara Beltran D. Can some microbes promote host stress and benefit evolutionarily from this strategy? Bioessays 2020; 43:e2000188. [PMID: 33283894 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microbes can influence host physiology and behavior in many ways. Here we review evidence suggesting that some microbes can contribute to host stress (and other microbes can contribute to increased resilience to stress). We explain how certain microbes, which we call "stress microbes," can potentially benefit evolutionarily from inducing stress in a host, gaining access to host resources that can help fuel rapid microbial replication by increasing glucose levels in the blood, increasing intestinal permeability, and suppressing the immune system. Other microbes, which we term "resilience microbes," can potentially benefit from making hosts more resilient to stress. We hypothesize that "stress microbes" use a fast life history strategy involving greater host exploitation while "resilience microbes" use a slow life history strategy characterized by more aligned evolutionary interests with the host. In this paper, we review the evidence that microbes affect host stress and explain the evolutionary pressures that could lead microbes to manipulate host stress, discuss the physiological mechanisms that are known to be involved in both stress and microbial activity, and provide some testable predictions that follow from this hypothesis.
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37
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Nagamine T. Severe hypoglycemia in an elderly patient with Alzheimer's disease and with sepsis: The role of neurotransmitters on glucose regulation. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 21:116-117. [PMID: 33200528 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Nagamine
- Sunlight Brain Research Center, Hofu, Japan.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Matsumoto Surgical Hospital, Hofu, Japan
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38
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Jornayvaz FR, Assouline B, Pugin J, Gariani K. Extremely high-dose insulin requirement in a diabetic patient with COVID-19: a case report. BMC Endocr Disord 2020; 20:155. [PMID: 33066762 PMCID: PMC7563905 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-020-00632-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detailed description of hyperglycemia management in diabetic patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 remain limited, although patients with diabetes show higher complication and mortality rate than patients without diabetes. Transient non-severe increased insulin requirement in patients hospitalized for medical conditions such as sepsis or myocardial infarction is a well-known phenomenon. However, extremely high-dose insulin requirement remains a very rarely reported entity. Here, we report the case of an extreme and transitory insulin requirement episode in a type 2 diabetic patient presenting an acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by SARS-CoV-2. CASE PRESENTATION A 57-year-old man resident in Geneva, Switzerland, previously known for type 2 diabetes for 3 years was admitted for an aggravation of his dyspnea. His type 2 diabetes was treated only with metformin and his latest Hb1Ac was 6.1%. Chest CT SCAN showed a bilateral multilobar ground-glass opacification. Twenty-four hours after his admission he presented a worsening of dyspnea and severe hypoxemia requiring a transfer to the intensive care unit rapidly followed by oro-tracheal intubation for mechanical ventilation support. A bronchoalveolar lavage was performed and test of SARS-CoV-2 by RT-qPCR assay was positive. At day 3, he presented a rapidly progressive insulin requirement at a rate of up to 50 units/hour intravenous insulin aspart. Despite the high insulin doses, he maintained an elevated plasma glucose level at 270 mg/dL on average. His extremely high-dose insulin requirement "resolved" at day 9, and the insulin infusion rate was rapidly reduced. CONCLUSIONS This case may reflect a specific and profound impact of SARS-CoV-2 on metabolic homeostasis, in particular in diabetic patients that appear more prone to complications of COVID-19 infection. Yet, the mechanisms behind this remain to be elucidated. The optimal management of hyperglycemia of diabetic patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 has yet not be defined, however insulin remain the mainstay of treatment approach. Report of extreme dysregulation of chronic conditions such as diabetes in patients with COVID-19 may help clinicians to better take care of patients during the pandemic of SARS-CoV-2. To the best of our knowledge this is the first description of extremely high-dose insulin requirement in patient with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- François R Jornayvaz
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic patient education, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Assouline
- Division of Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Pugin
- Division of Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karim Gariani
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic patient education, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Fadini GP, Morieri ML, Boscari F, Fioretto P, Maran A, Busetto L, Bonora BM, Selmin E, Arcidiacono G, Pinelli S, Farnia F, Falaguasta D, Russo L, Voltan G, Mazzocut S, Costantini G, Ghirardini F, Tresso S, Cattelan AM, Vianello A, Avogaro A, Vettor R. Newly-diagnosed diabetes and admission hyperglycemia predict COVID-19 severity by aggravating respiratory deterioration. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 168:108374. [PMID: 32805345 PMCID: PMC7428425 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We investigated whether pre-existing diabetes, newly-diagnosed diabetes, and admission hyperglycemia were associated with COVID-19 severity independently from confounders. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed data on patients with COVID-19 hospitalized between February and April 2020 in an outbreak hospital in North-East Italy. Pre-existing diabetes was defined by self-reported history, electronic medical records, or ongoing medications. Newly-diagnosed diabetes was defined by HbA1c and fasting glucose. The primary outcome was a composite of ICU admission or death. RESULTS 413 subjects were included, 107 of whom (25.6%) had diabetes, including 21 newly-diagnosed. Patients with diabetes were older and had greater comorbidity burden. The primary outcome occurred in 37.4% of patients with diabetes compared to 20.3% in those without (RR 1.85; 95%C.I. 1.33-2.57; p < 0.001). The association was stronger for newly-diagnosed compared to pre-existing diabetes (RR 3.06 vs 1.55; p = 0.004). Higher glucose level at admission was associated with COVID-19 severity, with a stronger association among patients without as compared to those with pre-existing diabetes (interaction p < 0.001). Admission glucose was correlated with most clinical severity indexes and its association with adverse outcome was mostly mediated by a worse respiratory function. CONCLUSION Newly-diagnosed diabetes and admission hyperglycemia are powerful predictors of COVID-19 severity due to rapid respiratory deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Luca Busetto
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Selmin
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Lucia Russo
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Vianello
- Department of Cardiothoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Italy
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Physiologic Effects of Exogenous Dextrose in Murine Klebsiella pneumoniae Sepsis Vary by Route of Provision. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102901. [PMID: 32977395 PMCID: PMC7597955 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is characterized by a dysregulated immune response to infection. Nutrition is important in the care of septic patients, but the effects of specific nutrients on inflammation in sepsis are not well defined. Our prior work has shown benefits from early enteral dextrose infusion in a preclinical endotoxemia model of sepsis. In the current study, we extend our initial work to examine the effects of dextrose infusions, varying by route of administration, on inflammation and glycemic control in a more clinically relevant and translational model of Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) bacteremia. Ten-week old C57BL6/J male mice (n = 31) underwent the implantation of indwelling vascular catheters, followed by inoculation with oropharyngeal KP. The mice were randomized 24 h after inoculation to (1) intravenous (IV) dextrose, (2) enteral dextrose, or (3) enteral saline (control) to study the effects on systemic inflammation, hemodynamics, and glycemic control. At 72 h, 77% of the control mice died, whereas IV dextrose induced 100% mortality, associated with increased inflammation, hyperglycemia, and hypotension. Enteral dextrose reduced mortality to 27%, promoted euglycemia, and reduced inflammation compared to IV dextrose. We conclude, in a bacteremic model of sepsis, that enteral (but not IV) dextrose administration is protective, suggesting that the route of nutrient support influences inflammation in sepsis.
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41
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Li Y, Zhou J, Qiu J, Huang Z, Wang W, Wu P, Feng A. Berberine reduces gut-vascular barrier permeability via modulation of ApoM/S1P pathway in a model of polymicrobial sepsis. Life Sci 2020; 261:118460. [PMID: 32961234 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The hyperpermeability of gut-vascular barrier (GVB) plays a role in gut-derived sepsis. The goal of this study was to evaluate if berberine might improve hepatic apolipoprotein M (ApoM) generation and raise plasma ApoM level to protect the compromised GVB. MATERIALS AND METHODS The compromised GVB was induced by sepsis. Hepatic ApoM mRNA and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) mRNA and plasma ApoM level were assayed by qRT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. The permeability of intestinal capillary in vivo and of rat intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (RIMECs) in vitro was assayed by FITC-dextran. The blood glucose was detected by a glucometer. Plasma insulin, TNF-α and IL-1β were assayed by ELISA. The plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein-1 (PV1), β-catenin and occludin in RIMECs were assayed by Western blot. KEY FINDINGS Sepsis decreased hepatic ApoM mRNA and plasma ApoM level, but raised hepatic PEPCK mRNA and plasma glucose, insulin, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels. The increased vascular endothelial permeability was abrogated by recombinant rat ApoM in vivo or ApoM-bound S1P in vitro. ApoM-bound S1P decreased PV1 but increased occludin and β-catenin expression in LPS-treated RIMECs. Berberine in a dose-dependent manner raised hepatic ApoM mRNA and plasma ApoM level, but decreased septic hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and plasma TNF-α and IL-1β levels. Berberine reduced sepsis-induced PEPCK and TLR4 mRNA overexpression in the liver. SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrated berberine inhibited TLR4-mediated hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and proinflammatory molecule production, thereby increasing ApoM gene expression and plasma ApoM. Berberine protected the damaged GVB via modulation of ApoM/S1P pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanning Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiasheng Qiu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zudong Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Aiwen Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Province, China.
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Wu J, Huang J, Zhu G, Wang Q, Lv Q, Huang Y, Yu Y, Si X, Yi H, Wang C, Liu Y, Xiao H, Zhou Q, Liu X, Yang D, Guan X, Li Y, Peng S, Sung J, Xiao H. Elevation of blood glucose level predicts worse outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e001476. [PMID: 32503812 PMCID: PMC7298690 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With intense deficiency of medical resources during COVID-19 pandemic, risk stratification is of strategic importance. Blood glucose level is an important risk factor for the prognosis of infection and critically ill patients. We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of blood glucose level in patients with COVID-19. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We collected clinical and survival information of 2041 consecutive hospitalized patients with COVID-19 from two medical centers in Wuhan. Patients without available blood glucose level were excluded. We performed multivariable Cox regression to calculate HRs of blood glucose-associated indexes for the risk of progression to critical cases/mortality among non-critical cases, as well as in-hospital mortality in critical cases. Sensitivity analysis were conducted in patient without diabetes. RESULTS Elevation of admission blood glucose level was an independent risk factor for progression to critical cases/death among non-critical cases (HR=1.30, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.63, p=0.026). Elevation of initial blood glucose level of critical diagnosis was an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality in critical cases (HR=1.84, 95% CI 1.14 to 2.98, p=0.013). Higher median glucose level during hospital stay or after critical diagnosis (≥6.1 mmol/L) was independently associated with increased risks of progression to critical cases/death among non-critical cases, as well as in-hospital mortality in critical cases. Above results were consistent in the sensitivity analysis in patients without diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Elevation of blood glucose level predicted worse outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Our findings may provide a simple and practical way to risk stratify COVID-19 inpatients for hierarchical management, particularly where medical resources are in severe shortage during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianqiang Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guochao Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University (No. Six Hospital of Wuhan), Wuhan, China
| | - Qiongya Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan Hankou Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingquan Lv
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Wuhan Hankou Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Science and Education Section, Wuhan Hankou Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University (No. Six Hospital of Wuhan), Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Si
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Yi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cuiping Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yihao Liu
- Clinical Trials Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Clinical Trials Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Daya Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangdong Guan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sui Peng
- Clinical Trials Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Joseph Sung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haipeng Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Adeniji EO, Kuti BP, Elusiyan JB. Relationship between serum insulin and point-of-admission blood glucose of ill neonates at a tertiary health facility in Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 35:106. [PMID: 32637004 PMCID: PMC7320779 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.35.106.18929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Optimal glucose metabolism is important in neonatal survival especially in the first days of life. Insulin play a significant role in maintaining blood glucose homeostasis. This study set out to determine the serum insulin levels of ill neonates as related to their point-of-admission blood glucose estimation at the Wesley Guild Hospital, Ilesa, Nigeria. Methods Three hundred babies took part in the study. Blood glucose and serum insulin levels were assayed at admission using Accu-Chek Active glucometer(R) and Accu-Ɔ-Bind ELISA Microwells(R) respectively. Hyperglycaemia was defined as blood glucose ≥7mmol/L and hypoglycaemia as blood glucose <2.2mmol/L. Results The median (IQR) age of the babies was 10.0 (0.5 - 70.0) hours with male to female ratio of 1.5:1. Seventy-four (24.7%) were preterms and 35 (11.7%) were small-for-gestational age. The mean (SD) blood glucose level of the babies was 4.1(2.1) mmol/L with a range of 0.6-13.4mmol/L. Hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemia were observed in 18(6.0%) and 40(13.3%) babies respectively. The median (IQR) serum insulin level was 9.8(3.0-35.3) μIU/ml. There was weak positive correlation between serum insulin and blood glucose levels of the babies (r = 0.197, p = 0.001). Birth asphyxia was associated with lower serum insulin, while probable sepsis with relatively higher levels. Conclusion Serum insulin level increases with increasing blood glucose in ill Nigerian babies at presentation to the hospital. Babies with asphyxia and sepsis particularly tend to have abnormal serum insulin at admission. Hyperinsulinaemia in ill babies may connote a compensatory mechanism to normalise abnormal blood glucose rather than playing significant role in its aetio-pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Oluwatosin Adeniji
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Bankole Peter Kuti
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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The Association of Premorbid Metformin Exposure With Mortality and Organ Dysfunction in Sepsis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Crit Care Explor 2020; 1:e0009. [PMID: 32166255 PMCID: PMC7063877 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. To examine the association between premorbid metformin exposure and mortality, hyperlactatemia, and organ dysfunction in sepsis.
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Karampela I, Christodoulatos GS, Dalamaga M. The Role of Adipose Tissue and Adipokines in Sepsis: Inflammatory and Metabolic Considerations, and the Obesity Paradox. Curr Obes Rep 2019; 8:434-457. [PMID: 31637623 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-019-00360-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sepsis has become a global health problem with rising incidence and high mortality, creating a substantial social and economic burden. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve outcome, but reliable sepsis biomarkers are lacking. This review summarizes current evidence of the pathophysiological mechanisms linking adipose tissue to sepsis and presents experimental and clinical data on adipokines and sepsis along with important insights into the obesity paradox in sepsis survival. RECENT FINDINGS Sepsis is characterized by significant alterations in circulating cytokines and adipokines, biologically active molecules produced by the adipose tissue, being implicated in metabolic and inflammatory processes. Although data are inconclusive regarding classic adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin, recent evidence have highlighted the striking elevation of resistin and visfatin in critical illness and sepsis as well as their association with sepsis severity and outcomes. Given that inflammatory and metabolic pathways are involved in sepsis, studying adipokines presents an attractive, innovative, and promising research field that may provide more powerful diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers as well as novel therapeutic targets, empowering the therapeutic armamentarium for sepsis management in order to improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Karampela
- Second Department of Critical Care, Attikon General University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini St, Haidari, 12462, Athens, Greece.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - Gerasimos Socrates Christodoulatos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
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Shah FA, Mahmud H, Gallego-Martin T, Jurczak MJ, O’Donnell CP, McVerry BJ. Therapeutic Effects of Endogenous Incretin Hormones and Exogenous Incretin-Based Medications in Sepsis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:5274-5284. [PMID: 31216011 PMCID: PMC6763279 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis, a complex disorder characterized by a dysregulated immune response to an inciting infection, affects over one million Americans annually. Dysglycemia during sepsis hospitalization confers increased risk of organ dysfunction and death, and novel targets for the treatment of sepsis and maintenance of glucose homeostasis are needed. Incretin hormones are secreted by enteroendocrine cells in response to enteral nutrients and potentiate insulin release from pancreatic β cells in a glucose-dependent manner, thereby reducing the risk of insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Incretin hormones also reduce systemic inflammation in preclinical studies, but studies of incretins in the setting of sepsis are limited. METHODS In this bench-to-bedside mini-review, we detail the evidence to support incretin hormones as a therapeutic target in patients with sepsis. We performed a PubMed search using the medical subject headings "incretins," "glucagon-like peptide-1," "gastric inhibitory peptide," "inflammation," and "sepsis." RESULTS Incretin-based therapies decrease immune cell activation, inhibit proinflammatory cytokine release, and reduce organ dysfunction and mortality in preclinical models of sepsis. Several small clinical trials in critically ill patients have suggested potential benefit in glycemic control using exogenous incretin infusions, but these studies had limited power and were performed in mixed populations. Further clinical studies examining incretins specifically in septic populations are needed. CONCLUSIONS Targeting the incretin hormone axis in sepsis may provide a means of not only promoting euglycemia in sepsis but also attenuating the proinflammatory response and improving clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraaz Ali Shah
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Veteran Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Faraaz Ali Shah, MD, MPH, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3459 Fifth Avenue NW, 628 MUH, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213. E-mail:
| | - Hussain Mahmud
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Teresa Gallego-Martin
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael J Jurczak
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher P O’Donnell
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bryan J McVerry
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Mustafa OG, Whyte MB. The use of GLP-1 receptor agonists in hospitalised patients: An untapped potential. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2019; 35:e3191. [PMID: 31141838 PMCID: PMC6899667 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the outpatient setting, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have proved to be highly efficacious drugs that provide glycaemic control with a low risk of hypoglycaemia. These characteristics make GLP-1 receptor agonists attractive agents to treat dysglycaemia in perioperative or high-dependency hospital settings, where glycaemic variability and hyperglycaemia are associated with poor prognosis. GLP-1 also has a direct action on the myocardium and vasculature-which may be advantageous in the immediate aftermath of a vascular insult. This is a narrative review of the work in this area. The aim was to determine the populations of hospitalised patients being evaluated and the clinical and mechanistic end-points tested, with the institution of GLP-1 therapy in hospital. We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Google scholar databases, combining the term "glucagon-like peptide 1" OR "GLP-1" OR "incretin" OR "liraglutide" OR "exenatide" OR "lixisenatide" OR "dulaglutide" OR "albiglutide" AND "inpatient" OR "hospital" OR "perioperative" OR "postoperative" OR "surgery" OR "myocardial infarction" OR "stroke" OR "cerebrovascular disease" OR "transient ischaemic attack" OR "ICU" OR "critical care" OR "critical illness" OR "CCU" OR "coronary care unit." Pilot studies were reported in the fields of acute stroke, cardiac resuscitation, coronary care, and perioperative care that showed advantages for GLP-1 therapy, with normalisation of glucose, lower glucose variability, and lower risk of hypoglycaemia. Animal and human studies have reported improvements in myocardial performance when given acutely after vascular insult or surgery, but these have yet to be translated into randomised clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar G. Mustafa
- Department of DiabetesKing's College Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Martin B. Whyte
- Department of DiabetesKing's College Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of SurreyGuildfordUK
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Chen PC, Tsai SH, Wang JC, Tzeng YS, Wang YC, Chu CM, Chu SJ, Liao WI. An elevated glycemic gap predicts adverse outcomes in diabetic patients with necrotizing fasciitis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223126. [PMID: 31581199 PMCID: PMC6776331 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes is the most common comorbidity of necrotizing fasciitis (NF), but the effect of stress-induced hyperglycemia (SIH) on diabetic patients with NF has never been investigated. The aim of this study was to assess whether SIH, as determined by the glycemic gap between admission glucose levels and A1C-derived average glucose levels, predicts adverse outcomes in diabetic patients hospitalized with NF. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the glycemic gap and clinical outcomes in 252 diabetic patients hospitalized due to NF from 2011 to 2018 in a single medical center in Taiwan. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the optimal cutoff values for predicting adverse outcomes. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to identify significant predictors of adverse outcomes. Results In total, 194 diabetic NF patients were enrolled. Compared with patients without adverse outcomes, patients with adverse outcomes had significantly higher glycemic gaps, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels; lower albumin and hemoglobin levels; greater incidence of limb loss; and longer hospital and intensive care unit stays. The glycemic gap positively correlates with the laboratory risk indicator for NF scores, APACHE II scores and CRP levels. A glycemic gap of 146 mg/dL was the optimal cutoff value for predicting adverse outcomes using the ROC curve. Compared with patients with glycemic gaps ≤146 mg/dL, those with glycemic gaps >146 mg/dL had higher APACHE II scores and incidence rates of adverse outcomes, especially bacteremia and acute kidney injury. Multivariate analysis revealed that a glycemic gap >146 mg/dL and APACHE II score >15 were independent predictors of adverse outcomes, while the presence of hyperglycemia at admission was not. Conclusions An elevated glycemic gap was significantly independently associated with adverse outcomes in diabetic NF patients. Further prospective studies are warranted to validate the role of the glycemic gap in NF patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chuan Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hung Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chun Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Sheng Tzeng
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chih Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ming Chu
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Jye Chu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-I Liao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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El-Mekkawy MS, Ellahony DM. Prevalence and prognostic value of plasma glucose abnormalities among full-term and late-preterm neonates with sepsis. EGYPTIAN PEDIATRIC ASSOCIATION GAZETTE 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s43054-019-0002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Chen J, Xia H, Zhang L, Zhang H, Wang D, Tao X. Protective effects of melatonin on sepsis-induced liver injury and dysregulation of gluconeogenesis in rats through activating SIRT1/STAT3 pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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