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Li X, Ramos-Rolón AP, Kass G, Pereira-Rufino LS, Shifman N, Shi Z, Volkow ND, Wiers CE. Imaging neuroinflammation in individuals with substance use disorders. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e172884. [PMID: 38828729 PMCID: PMC11142750 DOI: 10.1172/jci172884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests a role of neuroinflammation in substance use disorders (SUDs). This Review presents findings from neuroimaging studies assessing brain markers of inflammation in vivo in individuals with SUDs. Most studies investigated the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) using PET; neuroimmune markers myo-inositol, choline-containing compounds, and N-acetyl aspartate using magnetic resonance spectroscopy; and fractional anisotropy using MRI. Study findings have contributed to a greater understanding of neuroimmune function in the pathophysiology of SUDs, including its temporal dynamics (i.e., acute versus chronic substance use) and new targets for SUD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Astrid P. Ramos-Rolón
- Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gabriel Kass
- Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lais S. Pereira-Rufino
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Naomi Shifman
- Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zhenhao Shi
- Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nora D. Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Corinde E. Wiers
- Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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2
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Daiwile AP, Cadet JL. Modeling methamphetamine use disorder in mammals: Sex differences in behavioral, biochemical, and transcriptional consequences. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2024; 99:145-168. [PMID: 38467480 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is the most commonly misused amphetamine-type stimulant throughout the globe. METH is very rewarding, and its misuse can lead to a diagnosis of METH use disorder (MUD). Although METH use is observed in both sexes, there are, however, reported differences in the clinical manifestations of METH use and its consequences. These observations indicate the need for more research on the long-term sex-dependent consequences of METH taking in both preclinical and clinical settings. In effect, sex is a biological variable that can impact conclusions drawn from various basic and clinical studies. Thus, the present chapter provides a succinct review of the current state of the research on METH and its sex-associated consequences. In addition to behavioral and cognitive aspects of METH use, we discuss METH-induced changes in neurotransmitter systems and structures in the brain. Thus, the book chapter serves to highlight the significance of sex as a critical element that needs to be considered during discussions of novel therapeutic approaches to MUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul P Daiwile
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jean Lud Cadet
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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3
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Persons JE, Conway KS. Neuropathologic Features in Chronic Methamphetamine Use. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2023; 44:77-82. [PMID: 36826228 DOI: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Methamphetamine is a psychostimulant that exerts its euphoric and stimulant effects by increasing cytosolic monoamine concentration at the nerve terminal. In addition to its known systemic cardiovascular effects, there is compelling evidence to suggest a direct neurotoxic effect of methamphetamine; however, the existing body of literature includes very few human tissue studies. This exploratory analysis used postmortem human brain specimens to examine histologic and immunohistochemical features associated with chronic methamphetamine use. This retrospective cohort study included 60 decedents who were autopsied at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics between the years 2015 and 2021. Logistic regression models demonstrated no definite pathologic changes in the hippocampi of individuals with a history of chronic methamphetamine use. Decedents with a history of methamphetamine use had a marginally increased odds of basal ganglia arteriosclerosis, which did not reach statistical significance (odds ratio, 3.33; 95% confidence interval, 0.6-19.2; P = 0.17), which may be independent of the systemic hypertensive effects of methamphetamine. Future studies that include targeted examination of brain regions of interest, such as the basal ganglia and specifically the striatum, may prove revealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Persons
- From the Department of Pathology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Kyle S Conway
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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4
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Cheng P, Li Y, Wang G, Dong H, Liu H, Shen W, Zhou W. Aberrant topology of white matter networks in patients with methamphetamine dependence and its application in support vector machine-based classification. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6958. [PMID: 37117256 PMCID: PMC10147725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33199-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain white matter (WM) networks have been widely studied in neuropsychiatric disorders. However, few studies have evaluated alterations in WM network topological organization in patients with methamphetamine (MA) dependence. Therefore, using machine learning classification methods to analyze WM network topological attributes may give new insights into patients with MA dependence. In the study, diffusion tensor imaging-based probabilistic tractography was used to map the weighted WM networks in 46 MA-dependent patients and 46 control subjects. Using graph-theoretical analyses, the global and regional topological attributes of WM networks for both groups were calculated and compared to determine inter-group differences using a permutation-based general linear model. In addition, the study used a support vector machine (SVM) learning approach to construct a classifier for discriminating subjects with MA dependence from control subjects. Relative to the control group, the MA-dependent group exhibited abnormal topological organization, as evidenced by decreased small-worldness and modularity, and increased nodal efficiency in the right medial superior temporal gyrus, right pallidum, and right ventromedial putamen; the MA-dependent group had the higher hubness scores in 25 regions, which were mainly located in the default mode network. An SVM trained with topological attributes achieved classification accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and kappa values of 98.09% ± 2.59%, 98.24% ± 4.00%, 97.94% ± 4.26%, and 96.18% ± 5.19% for patients with MA dependence. Our results may suggest altered global WM structural networks in MA-dependent patients. Furthermore, the abnormal WM network topological attributes may provide promising features for the construction of high-efficacy classification models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, 57# Xing Ning Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yadi Li
- Department of Radiology, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, 57# Xing Ning Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Gaoyan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, 57# Xing Ning Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haibo Dong
- Department of Radiology, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, 57# Xing Ning Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huifen Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo University, 1# Zhuangyu South Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenwen Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo University, 1# Zhuangyu South Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenhua Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo University, 1# Zhuangyu South Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
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5
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Memory and Executive Function Deficits in Abstinent Patients with Methamphetamine Use Disorder. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00939-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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6
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Yan X, He W, Pan S. Amphetamine-induced neurite injury in PC12 cells through inhibiting GAP-43 pathway. Neurotoxicology 2022; 93:103-111. [PMID: 36150536 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Amphetamine (AMPH) causes the degeneration of dopamine terminals in the central nervous system. The mechanisms for this damage are unclear. We found AMPH reduced level of GAP-43 in the striatum of rats that receives rich dopaminergic terminals. Using PC12 cells as dopaminergic neuronal models, we further found that AMPH inhibited GAP-43 and GAP-43 phosphorylation in PC12 cells. The reduced GAP-43 was correlated with neurite injury of PC12 cells. The PKCβ1, an upstream molecule of GAP-43, was also inhibited by AMPH. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) as a specific activator of PKC increased levels of PKCβ1 and GAP-43, and efficiently prevented neurite degeneration of PC12 cells induced by AMPH. On the other side, enzastuarin, an inhibitor of PKC, decreased levels of PKCβ1 and GAP-43, and caused neurite injury of PC12 cells. Together, our results suggest that AMPH induces neurite injury in PC12 cells through inhibiting PKCβ1/GAP-43 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Yan
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Ultrasound, Yangxin People's Hospital, Yangxin, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wenji He
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Anatomy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Sanqiang Pan
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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7
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Edinoff AN, Kaufman SE, Green KM, Provenzano DA, Lawson J, Cornett EM, Murnane KS, Kaye AM, Kaye AD. Methamphetamine Use: A Narrative Review of Adverse Effects and Related Toxicities. Health Psychol Res 2022; 10:38161. [PMID: 36118981 PMCID: PMC9476235 DOI: 10.52965/001c.38161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine has been labeled "America's most dangerous drug" and has received significant public health attention. Stimulant addiction and tolerance are heavily documented in the literature; increasingly larger doses maintain euphoria in short time periods to withstand stimulant tolerance. Stimulant deaths are high in the United States and abroad. Between 2013 and 2019, deaths related to methamphetamine use quadrupled from 3,616 to 16,127. Methamphetamine use increased four-fold from 2015 to 2016. Due to this increase in methamphetamine use and its associated medical complications, the mortality rate associated with methamphetamine use has doubled over the past ten years. Cardiopulmonary symptoms include chest pain, palpitations, and shortness of breath. Methamphetamine-related myocardial infarction can also occur. Central nervous system symptoms include agitation, anxiety, delusions, hallucinations, and seizures. Methamphetamine-induced psychosis may unmask underlying psychiatric disorders. It can also cause cerebral vasculitis, which elicits cortical blindness and ischemic strokes. Methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity in serotonergic systems is more diffuse, involving the striatum, hippocampus, septum, amygdala, and hypothalamus leading to mood changes, psychosis, and memory impairment. This narrative review will aim to highlight the adverse effects as well as the toxicity that can occur with methamphetamine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber N Edinoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard School of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport; Louisiana Addiction Research Center
| | - Sarah E Kaufman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport; Louisiana Addiction Research Center
| | - Keionne M Green
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center Shreveport
| | - Daniel A Provenzano
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center Shreveport
| | - Jesse Lawson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center Shreveport
| | - Elyse M Cornett
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center Shreveport
| | - Kevin S Murnane
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport; Louisiana Addiction Research Center; Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Science Center Shreveport
| | - Adam M Kaye
- Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of The Pacific
| | - Alan D Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center Shreveport
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8
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Differences in small-world networks between methamphetamine and heroin use disorder patients and their relationship with psychiatric symptoms. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:1973-1982. [PMID: 36018531 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-022-00667-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Both methamphetamine use disorder (MAUD) and heroin use disorder (HUD) implicated in substance-induced psychosis, but the psychiatirc symptoms induced by MAUD and HUD are significantly different. The functional network organizations that may underlie these differences remains unknown. Image data was acquired by resting-state fMRI from 19 MAUD patients, 21 HUD patients, and 20 healthy controls. The small-world properties, node attributes, and functional connectivity of brain regions were analyzed among the three groups. Psychiatric status was evaluated by the Symptom Checklist 90 in all participants. The MAUD patients had significantly higher psychiatric scores than the controls and HUD patients. Both MAUD and HUD patients still had economical small-world properties. The MAUD patients showed increased nodal efficiency and betweenness centrality in the right inferior occipital gyrus, left insular lobe, bilateral Heschl gyrus, and bilateral superior temporal gyrus, while the node attributes decreased in the right parahippocampal gyrus and right hippocampus compared to the HUD patients. The MAUD patients also showed reduced edge connectivity between left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and left middle occipital gyrus (MOG), as well as between bilateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and bilateral superior occipital gyrus (SOG), left MOG, or right cuneus. In the MAUD group, the functional connection between left dlPFC and left MOG was negatively correlated with depression, while the connection between right cuneus lobe and right OFC was negatively correlated with depression and interpersonal sensitivity. These brain regions related to cognitive, emotional, and auditory/visual regulation may play an important role in the psychiatric symptoms of MAUD.
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9
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Daiwile AP, Jayanthi S, Cadet JL. Sex differences in methamphetamine use disorder perused from pre-clinical and clinical studies: Potential therapeutic impacts. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 137:104674. [PMID: 35452744 PMCID: PMC9119944 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) use, and misuse are associated with severe socioeconomic consequences. METH users develop tolerance, lose control over drug taking behaviors, and suffer frequent relapses even during treatment. The clinical course of METH use disorder is influenced by multifactorial METH-induced effects on the central and peripheral nervous systems. Although these METH-induced consequences are observed in humans of all ages, races, and sexes, sexual dimorphism in these outcomes have been observed in both pre-clinical and clinical settings. In this review, we have provided a detailed presentation of the sex differences reported in human and animal studies. We have therefore presented data that identified the influences of sex on METH pharmacokinetics, METH-induced changes in behaviors, cognitive processes, structural changes in the brain, and the effects of the drug on neurotransmitter systems and molecular mechanisms. Finally, we highlighted the potential significance of sex as a critical variable that should be considered when planning the development of new pharmacotherapeutic approaches against MEH use disorder in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul P Daiwile
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Subramaniam Jayanthi
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Jean Lud Cadet
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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10
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Li W, Wang L, Lyu Z, Chen J, Li Y, Sun Y, Zhu J, Wang W, Wang Y, Li Q. Difference in topological organization of white matter structural connectome between methamphetamine and heroin use disorder. Behav Brain Res 2022; 422:113752. [PMID: 35033610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The psychological symptoms caused by heroin and methamphetamine are significantly different in people with substance use disorders. The topological organization of structural connections that may underlie these differences remains unknown. The study sample consisted of 23 males with methamphetamine use disorder (MAUD), 20 males with heroin use disorder (HUD), and 21 male healthy controls (HCs) who were demographically matched. Diffusion tensor imaging and probabilistic tractography were used for white matter network construction. Psychological symptoms were evaluated by the Symptom Checklist-90. Using graph theoretical analysis, we examined the difference in graph-level and nodal-level properties among the groups. The network Hubs distribution and the relationship between the network alterations and psychological symptoms were identified. The MAUD group demonstrated significantly higher scores on anxiety, hostility, and symptoms of schizophrenia than the HUD and HCs groups. The HUD group showed significantly higher global efficiency and network strength than the HCs group, and higher network strength than the MAUD group. Compared with the HUD group, the MAUD group showed significantly lower Nodal Strength and efficiency, distributed mainly in the temporal, parietal, and occipital regions. We also found the network Hubs were decreased in the MAUD group, but increased in the HUD group. The Nodal Strength in the right superior temporal gyrus was significantly correlated with psychological symptoms in the MAUD group. These findings reflect the significant differences in topological structural connection between HUD and MAUD. This evidence helps shed some light on the neurobiological mechanisms of the psychological differences between HUD and MAUD, and extend our understanding of the structural disruption underlying MAUD-related psychological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Zhuomin Lyu
- Department of Pain Treatment, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Jiajie Chen
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Yongbin Li
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Yichen Sun
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Yarong Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China.
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11
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Ottino-González J, Uhlmann A, Hahn S, Cao Z, Cupertino RB, Schwab N, Allgaier N, Alia-Klein N, Ekhtiari H, Fouche JP, Goldstein RZ, Li CSR, Lochner C, London ED, Luijten M, Masjoodi S, Momenan R, Oghabian MA, Roos A, Stein DJ, Stein EA, Veltman DJ, Verdejo-García A, Zhang S, Zhao M, Zhong N, Jahanshad N, Thompson PM, Conrod P, Mackey S, Garavan H. White matter microstructure differences in individuals with dependence on cocaine, methamphetamine, and nicotine: Findings from the ENIGMA-Addiction working group. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 230:109185. [PMID: 34861493 PMCID: PMC8952409 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotine and illicit stimulants are very addictive substances. Although associations between grey matter and dependence on stimulants have been frequently reported, white matter correlates have received less attention. METHODS Eleven international sites ascribed to the ENIGMA-Addiction consortium contributed data from individuals with dependence on cocaine (n = 147), methamphetamine (n = 132) and nicotine (n = 189), as well as non-dependent controls (n = 333). We compared the fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD) and mean diffusivity (MD) of 20 bilateral tracts. Also, we compared the performance of various machine learning algorithms in deriving brain-based classifications on stimulant dependence. RESULTS The cocaine and methamphetamine groups had lower regional FA and higher RD in several association, commissural, and projection white matter tracts. The methamphetamine dependent group additionally showed lower regional AD. The nicotine group had lower FA and higher RD limited to the anterior limb of the internal capsule. The best performing machine learning algorithm was the support vector machine (SVM). The SVM successfully classified individuals with dependence on cocaine (AUC = 0.70, p < 0.001) and methamphetamine (AUC = 0.71, p < 0.001) relative to non-dependent controls. Classifications related to nicotine dependence proved modest (AUC = 0.62, p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS Stimulant dependence was related to FA disturbances within tracts consistent with a role in addiction. The multivariate pattern of white matter differences proved sufficient to identify individuals with stimulant dependence, particularly for cocaine and methamphetamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Ottino-González
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States.
| | - Anne Uhlmann
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sage Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States
| | - Zhipeng Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States
| | - Renata B. Cupertino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States
| | - Nathan Schwab
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States
| | - Nicholas Allgaier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States
| | - Nelly Alia-Klein
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States
| | - Hamed Ekhtiari
- Institute for Cognitive Sciences Studies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran,Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jean-Paul Fouche
- SA MRC Genomics and Brain Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Rita Z. Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States
| | - Chiang-Shan R. Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Christine Lochner
- SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Edythe D. London
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioural Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Maartje Luijten
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sadegh Masjoodi
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Momenan
- Clinical Neuroimaging Research Core, National Institutes on Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Mohammad Ali Oghabian
- Neuroimaging & Analysis Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Annerine Roos
- SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa,SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dan J. Stein
- SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Elliot A. Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Dick J. Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC – location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- School of Psychological Sciences & Turner Institute for Brain & Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Zhong
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Patricia Conrod
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Scott Mackey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States
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12
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Jayanthi S, Daiwile AP, Cadet JL. Neurotoxicity of methamphetamine: Main effects and mechanisms. Exp Neurol 2021; 344:113795. [PMID: 34186102 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is an illicit psychostimulant that is abused throughout the world. METH addiction is also a major public health concern and the abuse of large doses of the drug is often associated with serious neuropsychiatric consequences that may include agitation, anxiety, hallucinations, paranoia, and psychosis. Some human methamphetamine users can also suffer from attention, memory, and executive deficits. METH-associated neurological and psychiatric complications might be related, in part, to METH-induced neurotoxic effects. Those include altered dopaminergic and serotonergic functions, neuronal apoptosis, astrocytosis, and microgliosis. Here we have endeavored to discuss some of the main effects of the drug and have presented the evidence supporting certain of the molecular and cellular bases of METH neurotoxicity. The accumulated evidence suggests the involvement of transcription factors, activation of dealth pathways that emanate from mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and a role for neuroinflammatory mechanisms. Understanding the molecular processes involved in METH induced neurotoxicity should help in developing better therapeutic approaches that might also serve to attenuate or block the biological consequences of use of large doses of the drug by some humans who meet criteria for METH use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramaniam Jayanthi
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
| | - Atul P Daiwile
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
| | - Jean Lud Cadet
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America.
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Warton FL, Taylor PA, Warton CMR, Molteno CD, Wintermark P, Zöllei L, van der Kouwe AJ, Jacobson JL, Jacobson SW, Meintjes EM. Reduced fractional anisotropy in projection, association, and commissural fiber networks in neonates with prenatal methamphetamine exposure. Dev Neurobiol 2020; 80:381-398. [PMID: 33010114 PMCID: PMC7855045 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to methamphetamine is associated with neurostructural changes, including alterations in white matter microstructure. This study investigated the effects of methamphetamine exposure on microstructure of global white matter networks in neonates. Pregnant women were interviewed beginning in mid-pregnancy regarding their methamphetamine use. Diffusion weighted imaging sets were acquired for 23 non-sedated neonates. White matter bundles associated with pairs of target regions within five networks (commissural fibers, left and right projection fibers, and left and right association fibers) were estimated using probabilistic tractography, and fractional anisotropy (FA) and diffusion measures determined within each connection. Multiple regression analyses showed that increasing methamphetamine exposure was significantly associated with reduced FA in all five networks, after control for potential confounders. Increased exposure was associated with lower axial diffusivity in the right association fiber network and with increased radial diffusivity in the right projection and left and right association fiber networks. Within the projection and association networks a subset of individual connections showed a negative correlation between FA and methamphetamine exposure. These findings are consistent with previous reports in older children and demonstrate that microstructural changes associated with methamphetamine exposure are already detectable in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleur L Warton
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Paul A Taylor
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Muizenberg, South Africa
- Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Christopher M R Warton
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Christopher D Molteno
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pia Wintermark
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lilla Zöllei
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Andre J van der Kouwe
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Joseph L Jacobson
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sandra W Jacobson
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ernesta M Meintjes
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Ventura F, Muga M, Coelho-Santos V, Fontes-Ribeiro CA, Leitão RA, Silva AP. Protective effect of neuropeptide Y2 receptor activation against methamphetamine-induced brain endothelial cell alterations. Toxicol Lett 2020; 334:53-59. [PMID: 32956829 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) consumption is a health problem that leads to neurological and psychiatric disturbances. The cellular alterations behind these conditions have been extensively investigated and it is now well-established that METH causes cerebrovascular alterations being a key feature in drug-induced neuropathology. Although promising advances in understanding the blood-brain barrier (BBB) alterations induced by METH, there is still no available approach to counteract or diminish such effects. Interestingly, several studies show that neuropeptide Y (NPY) has an important protective role against METH-induced neuronal and glial toxicity, as well as behavioral deficits. Despite these beneficial effects of the NPY system, nothing is known about its role in brain endothelial cells under conditions of METH exposure. Thus, our aim was to unravel the effect of NPY and its receptors against METH-induced endothelial cell dysfunction. For that, we used a human brain microvascular endothelial cell line (hCMEC/D3) and our results demonstrate that endothelial cells express both NPY Y1 (Y1R) and Y2 (Y2R) receptors, but only Y2R is upregulated after METH exposure. Moreover, this drug of abuse induced endothelial cell death and elicited the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by these cells, which were prevented by the activation of Y2R. Additional, cell death and oxidative stress triggered by METH were dependent on the concentration of the drug. In sum, with the present study we identified for the first time the NPY system, and particularly the Y2R subtype, as a promising target to protect against METH-induced neurovascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Ventura
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana Muga
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Coelho-Santos
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos A Fontes-Ribeiro
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo A Leitão
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Silva
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal.
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Salani D, Valdes B, De Santis J, Zdanowicz M. Back With a Vengeance: The Reappearance of Methamphetamine and its Implications for Health Care Providers. J Nurse Pract 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Huang S, Yang W, Luo J, Yan C, Liu J. White Matter Abnormalities Based on TBSS and Its Correlation With Impulsivity Behavior of Methamphetamine Addicts. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:452. [PMID: 32528325 PMCID: PMC7253705 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methamphetamine (MA) abuse is one of the most rapidly growing illicit drug problems worldwide. Impulsivity has been considered as a core impairment underpinning addictive behavior. Studies have demonstrated that MA addicts have white matter abnormalities based on ROIs. There are few studies on whole brain, and the association between whole brain tracts and impulsivity in MA dependence remain unclear. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) was used to detect four DTI measures, and these were correlated with the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS) to verify and expand the previous results. METHODS A total of 28 MA addicts and 22 healthy controls were recruited. MRI was performed to evaluate the brain structural changes, the BIS was used to evaluate impulsivity behavior, white matter differences were compared between MA addicts and healthy controls, and then determine correlation between diffusion parameters and BIS scores. RESULTS MA addicts had significantly lower FA, and higher AD, RD, and MD in a wide range of white matter, which mainly included: corona radiata, internal capsule, superior longitudinal fasciculus, external capsule, inferior fronto-occipital fascicules, posterior thalamic radiation, sagittal stratum, fornix and stria terminalis, cerebral peduncle, superior cerebellar peduncle, corpus callosum, and corticolspinal tract compared with controls. The MA group had significantly higher total score, attention and motor scores compared to healthy controls. Higher MD in the right corticospinal tract was significantly associated with higher total scores. CONCLUSION MA addicts exhibit a globally diminished white matter integrity. furthermore, they present with high levels of impulsivity, and this dysfunction is associated with MD in corticospinal tracts. Future studies on larger sample sizes, gender effects and longitudinal studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihong Huang
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenhan Yang
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cui Yan
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Guerin AA, Bonomo Y, Lawrence AJ, Baune BT, Nestler EJ, Rossell SL, Kim JH. Cognition and Related Neural Findings on Methamphetamine Use Disorder: Insights and Treatment Implications From Schizophrenia Research. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:880. [PMID: 31920743 PMCID: PMC6928591 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the prevalence of methamphetamine (meth) use disorder, research on meth is disproportionately scarce compared to research on other illicit drugs. Existing evidence highlights cognitive deficits as an impediment against daily function and treatment of chronic meth use. Similar deficits are also observed in schizophrenia, and this review therefore draws on schizophrenia research by examining similarities and differences between the two disorders on cognition and related neural findings. While meth use disorder and schizophrenia are two distinct disorders, they are highly co-morbid and share impairments in similar cognitive domains and altered brain structure/function. This narrative review specifically identifies overlapping features such as deficits in learning and memory, social cognition, working memory and inhibitory/impulse control. We report that while working memory deficits are a core feature of schizophrenia, such deficits are inconsistently observed following chronic meth use. Similar structural and functional abnormalities are also observed in cortical and limbic regions between the two disorders, except for cingulate activity where differences are observed. There is growing evidence that targeting cognitive symptoms may improve functional outcome in schizophrenia, with evidence of normalized abnormal brain activity in regions associated with cognition. Considering the overlap between meth use disorder and schizophrenia, targeting cognitive symptoms in people with meth use disorder may also improve treatment outcome and daily function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre A. Guerin
- Mental Health Theme, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yvonne Bonomo
- Department of Addiction Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Women’s Alcohol and Drug Service, Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew John Lawrence
- Mental Health Theme, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Eric J. Nestler
- Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Susan L. Rossell
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, St Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- Mental Health Theme, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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A comparison of regional brain volumes and white matter connectivity in subjects with stimulant induced psychosis versus schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:3385-3399. [PMID: 31230145 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05298-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Schizophrenia and stimulant-induced psychosis (SIP) represent two different forms of psychotic disorder, with different etiologies. While many of the symptoms of psychosis are common to both disorders, there have been few direct comparisons between these conditions, especially when controlling for stimulant use in individuals with schizophrenia. OBJECTIVES We directly compared both psychotic disorders with a comprehensive battery of clinical, neurocognitive and neuroanatomical measures. This included one group with SIP (and concurrent stimulant dependence) and two groups with schizophrenia (either with or without concurrent stimulant dependence). METHODS Ninety-six participants were recruited from a marginalized urban population, which included 39 with SIP (and concurrent stimulant dependence), 18 with schizophrenia (without stimulant dependence), and 39 with schizophrenia (with concurrent stimulant dependence). All subjects had extensive clinical and neurocognitive evaluations, complemented with structural MRI including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) sequences to determine regional brain volumes and white matter connectivity. RESULTS Both positive and negative symptoms were greater in the SZ-dependent group than the other two. Neurocognitive function was broadly similar. The structural brain imaging revealed lateralized changes to the left parietal/temporal lobe, in which regional volumes were smaller in the SZ-dependent than the SZ-non-dependent group. DTI analysis indicated extensive decreases in fractional anisotropy, with parallel increases in radial diffusivity, in the SIP group compared to the SZ-dependent group. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal both similarities and differences between SIP and schizophrenia. Furthermore, schizophrenia with concurrent stimulant dependence may be associated with a different clinical and neuroanatomical profile as compared to schizophrenia alone.
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He Q, Li D, Turel O, Bechara A, Hser YI. White matter integrity alternations associated with cocaine dependence and long-term abstinence: Preliminary findings. Behav Brain Res 2019; 379:112388. [PMID: 31783090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine dependence has been associated with deficits in white matter (WM) integrity. Nevertheless, what happens to WM integrity after long-term abstinence is not fully understood. To bridge this gap, changes in WM integrity were examined with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) applied to 39 participants: 12 participants who used cocaine in the last year (CURRENT USERS), 20 who were at different stages of cocaine abstinence (ABSTINENCE) [five with 1-5 years of abstinence (ABS1), five with 6-10 years of abstinence (ABS2), and 10 with over 10 years of abstinence (ABS3)], and 7 healthy controls (CONTROLS). The CONTROL group had higher fractional anisotropy (FA) compared to CURRENT USERS in frontal cortex tracts, including the bilateral corpus callosum, bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus, bilateral inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, left internal capsule, left middle cingulum, and left ventral and dorsal medial frontal regions. The ABSTINENCE group also had higher FA compared to CURRENT USERS in frontal cortex tracts, such as the bilateral corpus callosum, bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus, left inferior longitudinal fasciculus, left uncinate fasciculus, left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and the left ventral and dorsal medial frontal regions. Tractography analysis showed (1) deficits in terms of number of fibers and fiber length in these regions, and that (2) while there was some recovery of white matter in dorsolateral regions during abstinence, duration of abstinence was not associated with such recovery. The results identified WM differences among cocaine users, cocaine abstinent participants, and controls. These preliminary findings point to WM tracts that recover, and some that do not, after long-term abstinence from cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua He
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China; Brain and Creativity Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Dandan Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Ofir Turel
- Brain and Creativity Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Information Systems and Decision Sciences, California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Antoine Bechara
- Brain and Creativity Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yih-Ing Hser
- Center for Advancing Longitudinal Drug Abuse Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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20
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O’Neill J, O’Connor MJ, Yee V, Ly R, Narr K, Alger JR, Levitt JG. Differential neuroimaging indices in prefrontal white matter in prenatal alcohol-associated ADHD versus idiopathic ADHD. Birth Defects Res 2019; 111:797-811. [PMID: 30694611 PMCID: PMC6650301 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is common in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) but also in patients without prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). Many patients diagnosed with idiopathic ADHD may actually have ADHD and covert PAE, a treatment-relevant distinction. METHODS We compared proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI; N = 44) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI; N = 46) of the anterior corona radiata (ACR)-a key fiber tract in models of ADHD-at 1.5 T in children with ADHD with PAE (ADHD+PAE), children with ADHD without PAE (ADHD-PAE), children without ADHD with PAE (non-ADHD+PAE), and children with neither ADHD nor PAE (non-ADHD-PAE, i.e., typically developing controls). Levels of choline-compounds (Cho) were the main MRSI endpoint, given interest in dietary choline for FASD; the main DTI endpoint was fractional anisotropy (FA), as ACR FA may reflect ADHD-relevant executive control functions. RESULTS For ACR Cho, there was an ADHD-by-PAE interaction (p = 0.038) whereby ACR Cho was 26.7% lower in ADHD+PAE than in ADHD-PAE children (p < 0.0005), but there was no significant ACR Cho difference between non-ADHD+PAE and non-ADHD-PAE children. Voxelwise false-discovery rate (FDR)-corrected analysis of DTI revealed significantly (q ≤ 0.0101-0.05) lower FA in ACR for subjects with PAE (ADHD+PAE or non-ADHD+PAE) than for subjects without PAE (ADHD-PAE or non-ADHD-PAE). There was no significant effect of ADHD on FA. Thus, in overlapping samples, effects of PAE on Cho and FA were observed in the same white-matter tract. CONCLUSIONS These findings point to tract focal, white-matter pathology possibly specific for ADHD+PAE subjects. Low Cho may derive from abnormal choline metabolism; low FA suggests suboptimal white-matter integrity in PAE. More advanced MRSI and DTI-and neurocognitive assessments-may better distinguish ADHD+PAE from ADHD-PAE, helping identify covert cases of FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph O’Neill
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, UCLA Semel institute for Neuroscience, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mary J. O’Connor
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, UCLA Semel institute for Neuroscience, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Victor Yee
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, UCLA Semel institute for Neuroscience, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ronald Ly
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, UCLA Semel institute for Neuroscience, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Jeffrey R. Alger
- Department of Neurology, UCLA Los Angeles, CA
- Neurospectroscopics, Inc., Encino, CA
| | - Jennifer G. Levitt
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, UCLA Semel institute for Neuroscience, Los Angeles, CA
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Sabrini S, Wang GY, Lin JC, Ian JK, Curley LE. Methamphetamine use and cognitive function: A systematic review of neuroimaging research. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 194:75-87. [PMID: 30414539 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term use of MA has been associated with cognitive dysfunction in several domains. Neuroimaging studies have also reported structural, metabolic, and functional changes in MA users. However, no systematic review has been conducted on those studies in MA users that combined neuroimaging and cognitive tasks. METHODS This article systematically reviews correlation between brain imaging measures and cognitive performance in subjects with current and previous history of MA use. Findings are categorized based on cognitive domain. RESULTS MA users performed more poorly than controls in all cognitive domains (psychomotor, working memory, attention, cognitive control, and decision- making) and a positive correlation has been repeatedly observed between performance and brain measures (regional volume/density, blood flow, glucose metabolism, FA value, NAA level, and activation) in MA users. Performance in cognitive control was consistently reported to show relationship with brain measures in the PFC and ACC, while decision- making consistently showed correlation with brain measures in the PFC, ACC, and striatum. CONCLUSIONS There is solid evidence for brain- behavior relationship in cognitive functioning in MA users, particularly in cognitive control and decision-making. More research with correlation analysis between brain-behavior and MA use parameters is strongly encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrini Sabrini
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Grace Y Wang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, North Campus, 90 Akoranga Drive, Northcote, Auckland 0627, New Zealand.
| | - Joanne C Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - J K Ian
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Science Centre, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
| | - Louise E Curley
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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22
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Warton FL, Taylor PA, Warton CMR, Molteno CD, Wintermark P, Lindinger NM, Zöllei L, van der Kouwe A, Jacobson JL, Jacobson SW, Meintjes EM. Prenatal methamphetamine exposure is associated with corticostriatal white matter changes in neonates. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:507-522. [PMID: 29063448 PMCID: PMC5866741 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0135-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have shown that prenatal exposure to methamphetamine is associated with alterations in white matter microstructure, but to date no tractography studies have been performed in neonates. The striato-thalamo-orbitofrontal circuit and its associated limbic-striatal areas, the primary circuit responsible for reinforcement, has been postulated to be dysfunctional in drug addiction. This study investigated potential white matter changes in the striatal-orbitofrontal circuit in neonates with prenatal methamphetamine exposure. Mothers were recruited antenatally and interviewed regarding methamphetamine use during pregnancy, and DTI sequences were acquired in the first postnatal month. Target regions of interest were manually delineated, white matter bundles connecting pairs of targets were determined using probabilistic tractography in AFNI-FATCAT, and fractional anisotropy (FA) and diffusion measures were determined in white matter connections. Regression analysis showed that increasing methamphetamine exposure was associated with reduced FA in several connections between the striatum and midbrain, orbitofrontal cortex, and associated limbic structures, following adjustment for potential confounding variables. Our results are consistent with previous findings in older children and extend them to show that these changes are already evident in neonates. The observed alterations are likely to play a role in the deficits in attention and inhibitory control frequently seen in children with prenatal methamphetamine exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleur L Warton
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Paul A Taylor
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- MRC/UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
- Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher M R Warton
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Christopher D Molteno
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pia Wintermark
- Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nadine M Lindinger
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- ACSENT Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lilla Zöllei
- Athinoula A. Martinos Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Andre van der Kouwe
- Athinoula A. Martinos Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Joseph L Jacobson
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sandra W Jacobson
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ernesta M Meintjes
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- MRC/UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Morais APD, Pita IR, Fontes‐Ribeiro CA, Pereira FC. The neurobiological mechanisms of physical exercise in methamphetamine addiction. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:85-97. [PMID: 29266758 PMCID: PMC6489779 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is the primary drug within amphetamine-type stimulants which are the second most abused group of drugs worldwide. There is no pharmacological treatment addressed specifically to METH addiction, and behavioral therapy is shadowed by poor long-term recovery and relapse. Therefore, novel approaches to manage METH addiction are an urgent need. This review aims to describe the current state of physical exercise use on methamphetamine addiction management. The following searching terms in PubMed were used: ("physical exercise" OR "exercise") AND "methamphetamine." Relevant references from key publications and gray literature were also reviewed to identify additional citations for inclusion. Original investigation regarding physical exercise and methamphetamine addiction (clinical data) or neurobiological mechanisms of physical exercise in animal models of methamphetamine administration (preclinical data) was included. Overall, METH users demonstrated improvements, including better fitness and emotional measures, lower relapse rates, and sustained abstinence when compared to nonexercised individuals. The neurobiological mechanisms of physical exercise in METH users seem to reflect an interplay of several agents, including neurochemicals, oxidative stress, neurogenesis, gliogenesis, and blood-brain barrier as disclosed by preclinical data. Exercise-based interventions alone or as a conjoint therapy may be a useful tool for managing METH addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- António Pedro Delgado Morais
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics/IBILIFaculty of MedicineUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Inês Roque Pita
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics/IBILIFaculty of MedicineUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Carlos Alberto Fontes‐Ribeiro
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics/IBILIFaculty of MedicineUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- CNC.IBILI—University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Frederico Costa Pereira
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics/IBILIFaculty of MedicineUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- CNC.IBILI—University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
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Poletti S, Aggio V, Brioschi S, Bollettini I, Falini A, Colombo C, Benedetti F. Impact of early and recent stress on white matter microstructure in major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2018; 225:289-297. [PMID: 28843078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a worldwide-spread pathology, characterized by lifetime-recurrent episodes. Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) increase the lifetime risk of developing depression and affect the structure of the brain. Recent stressful events (RSE) can trigger the onset of depressive episodes, and affect grey matter volume. The aim of our study is to analyse the effect of both early and recent stress events on white matter microstructure in MDD patients and healthy volunteers. METHODS Sixty-five MDD inpatients and fifty-nine healthy controls underwent MRI acquisition of diffusion tensor images with a 3.0T scanner. Severity of ACE and RSE was rated, respectively, on the Risky Families Questionnaire and on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale. RESULTS A significant effect of diagnosis was observed, with MDD subjects showing reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) and axial diffusivity (AD) compared to healthy controls in all the major association, projection and commissural tracts. In patients with MDD, but not in healthy controls, both ACE and RSE correlated with measures of WM microstructure: ACE correlated negatively with AD and MD, whereas RSE correlated negatively with FA. LIMITATIONS The two diagnostic groups differed for age and education, previous and current medications, and treatment periods. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to both early and recent stress exerts a widespread effect on WM microstructure of MDD patients, with a different impact possibly depending from the developmental period in which the stress has occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Poletti
- Scientific Institute and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Milan, Italy; C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
| | - Veronica Aggio
- Scientific Institute and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Milan, Italy; C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Brioschi
- Scientific Institute and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Bollettini
- C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; PhD Program in Philosophy and Sciences of Mind, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Falini
- C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Scientific Institute and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Department of Neuroradiology, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Colombo
- Scientific Institute and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Scientific Institute and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Milan, Italy; C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Lower Fractional Anisotropy in the Gray Matter of Amygdala-Hippocampus-Nucleus Accumbens Circuit in Methamphetamine Users: an In Vivo Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study. Neurotox Res 2017; 33:801-811. [PMID: 29038922 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9828-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The basolateral amygdala (BLA), hippocampal ventral subiculum, and nucleus accumbens (NAc) comprise the amygdala-hippocampus-NAc (AHN) circuit, which is implicated in drug seeking and reward. The goal of this study was to evaluate microstructural changes and relevant clinical features of the AHN circuit gray matter (GM) in methamphetamine (MA) users using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Thirty MA users and 30 age-matched normal volunteers underwent 3-T MR imaging to obtain structural T1-weighted images and DTI data. Freesurfer software was used to automatically segment the NAc and subiculum. A Jülich probability map was employed to parcellate the BLA. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) maps were generated and non-linearly coregistered to structural space. DTI measures of the AHN circuit GM were compared between MA users and controls using repeated measures analysis of variance. Correlation analyses were performed between DTI measures and clinical characteristics. Anatomical correlations between the NAc and BLA/subiculum in both groups were assessed using correlation analyses. The MA group had significant lower FA in the bilateral BLA, subiculum, and NAc. Higher total MA dose corresponded with lower FA in all three structures. Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale scores negatively correlated with the right subiculum FA. Lower left BLA FA was associated with higher thinking disorder and hostile-suspicion factor scores. Left BLA FA was significantly associated with bilateral NAc FA in MA users. Those findings provided neuroimaging evidence of MA-induced microstructural impairment in the AHN circuit GM. Enhanced anatomical correlations between the left BLA and bilateral NAc may be part of the mechanism of MA intake relapse and for development of psychosis.
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Moszczynska A, Callan SP. Molecular, Behavioral, and Physiological Consequences of Methamphetamine Neurotoxicity: Implications for Treatment. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 362:474-488. [PMID: 28630283 PMCID: PMC11047030 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.238501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between the molecular mechanisms underlying neurotoxicity of high-dose methamphetamine (METH) and related clinical manifestations is imperative for providing more effective treatments for human METH users. This article provides an overview of clinical manifestations of METH neurotoxicity to the central nervous system and neurobiology underlying the consequences of administration of neurotoxic METH doses, and discusses implications of METH neurotoxicity for treatment of human abusers of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Moszczynska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Sean Patrick Callan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
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O'Connor EE, Jaillard A, Renard F, Zeffiro TA. Reliability of White Matter Microstructural Changes in HIV Infection: Meta-Analysis and Confirmation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017; 38:1510-1519. [PMID: 28596189 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffusion tensor imaging has been widely used to measure HIV effects on white matter microarchitecture. While many authors have reported reduced fractional anisotropy and increased mean diffusivity in HIV, quantitative inconsistencies across studies are numerous. PURPOSE Our aim was to evaluate the consistency across studies of HIV effects on DTI measures and then examine the DTI reliability in a longitudinal seropositive cohort. DATA SOURCES Published studies and investigators. STUDY SELECTION The meta-analysis included 16 cross-sectional studies reporting fractional anisotropy and 12 studies reporting mean diffusivity in the corpus callosum. DATA ANALYSIS Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate study standardized mean differences and heterogeneity. DTI longitudinal reliability was estimated in seropositive participants studied before and 3 and 6 months after beginning treatment. DATA SYNTHESIS Meta-analysis revealed lower fractional anisotropy (standardized mean difference, -0.43; P < .001) and higher mean diffusivity (standardized mean difference, 0.44; P < .003) in seropositive participants. Nevertheless, between-study heterogeneity accounted for 58% and 66% of the observed variance (P < .01). In contrast, the longitudinal cohort fractional anisotropy was higher and mean diffusivity was lower in seropositive participants (both, P < .001), and fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity measures were very stable during 6 months, with intraclass correlation coefficients all >0.96. LIMITATIONS Many studies pooled participants with varying treatments, ages, and disease durations. CONCLUSIONS HIV effects on WM microstructure had substantial variations that could result from acquisition, processing, or cohort-selection differences. When acquisition parameters and processing were carefully controlled, the resulting DTI measures did not show high temporal variation. HIV effects on WM microstructure may be age-dependent. The high longitudinal reliability of DTI WM microstructure measures makes them promising disease-activity markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E O'Connor
- From the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (E.E.O.), University of Maryland Medical System, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - A Jaillard
- Unité IRM 3T-Recherche-IRMaGe-Inserm US 17/CNRS UMS 3552 (A.J., F.R.).,Laboratoire MATICE-Pôle Recherche (A.J., F.R.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - F Renard
- Unité IRM 3T-Recherche-IRMaGe-Inserm US 17/CNRS UMS 3552 (A.J., F.R.).,Laboratoire MATICE-Pôle Recherche (A.J., F.R.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - T A Zeffiro
- Neurometrika (T.A.Z.), Potomac, Maryland.,Department of Human Development (T.A.Z.), University of Maryland College Park, Maryland
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Morley KC, Cornish JL, Faingold A, Wood K, Haber PS. Pharmacotherapeutic agents in the treatment of methamphetamine dependence. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2017; 26:563-578. [PMID: 28351169 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2017.1313229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Methamphetamine use is a serious public health concern in many countries and is second to cannabis as the most widely abused illicit drug in the world. Effective management for methamphetamine dependence remains elusive and the large majority of methamphetamine users relapse following treatment. Areas covered: Progression in the understanding of the pharmacological basis of methamphetamine use has provided us with innovative opportunities to develop agents to treat dependence. The current review summarizes relevant literature on the neurobiological and clinical correlates associated with methamphetamine use. We then outline agents that have been explored for potential treatments in preclinical studies, human laboratory phase I and phase II trials over the last ten years. Expert opinion: No agent has demonstrated a broad and strong effect in achieving MA abstinence in Phase II trials. Agents with novel therapeutic targets appear promising. Advancement in MA treatment, including translation into practice, faces several clinical challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten C Morley
- a NHMRC Centre for Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, Discipline of Addiction Medicine , The University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
| | - Jennifer L Cornish
- b Department of Psychology , Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Alon Faingold
- c Drug Health Services , Royal Prince Alfred Hospital , Camperdown , Australia
| | - Katie Wood
- a NHMRC Centre for Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, Discipline of Addiction Medicine , The University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
| | - Paul S Haber
- a NHMRC Centre for Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, Discipline of Addiction Medicine , The University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia.,c Drug Health Services , Royal Prince Alfred Hospital , Camperdown , Australia
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Parallel changes in serum proteins and diffusion tensor imaging in methamphetamine-associated psychosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43777. [PMID: 28252112 PMCID: PMC5333148 DOI: 10.1038/srep43777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine-associated psychosis (MAP) involves widespread neurocognitive and molecular deficits, however accurate diagnosis remains challenging. Integrating relationships between biological markers, brain imaging and clinical parameters may provide an improved mechanistic understanding of MAP, that could in turn drive the development of better diagnostics and treatment approaches. We applied selected reaction monitoring (SRM)-based proteomics, profiling 43 proteins in serum previously implicated in the etiology of major psychiatric disorders, and integrated these data with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and psychometric measurements from patients diagnosed with MAP (N = 12), methamphetamine dependence without psychosis (MA; N = 14) and healthy controls (N = 16). Protein analysis identified changes in APOC2 and APOH, which differed significantly in MAP compared to MA and controls. DTI analysis indicated widespread increases in mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity delineating extensive loss of white matter integrity and axon demyelination in MAP. Upon integration, several co-linear relationships between serum proteins and DTI measures reported in healthy controls were disrupted in MA and MAP groups; these involved areas of the brain critical for memory and social emotional processing. These findings suggest that serum proteomics and DTI are sensitive measures for detecting pathophysiological changes in MAP and describe a potential diagnostic fingerprint of the disorder.
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Nookala AR, Mitra J, Chaudhari NS, Hegde ML, Kumar A. An Overview of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Associated Common Neurological Complications: Does Aging Pose a Challenge? J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 60:S169-S193. [PMID: 28800335 PMCID: PMC6152920 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With increasing survival of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the manifestation of heterogeneous neurological complications is also increasing alarmingly in these patients. Currently, more than 30% of about 40 million HIV-1 infected people worldwide develop central nervous system (CNS)-associated dysfunction, including dementia, sensory, and motor neuropathy. Furthermore, the highly effective antiretroviral therapy has been shown to increase the prevalence of mild cognitive functions while reducing other HIV-1-associated neurological complications. On the contrary, the presence of neurological disorder frequently affects the outcome of conventional HIV-1 therapy. Although, both the children and adults suffer from the post-HIV treatment-associated cognitive impairment, adults, especially depending on the age of disease onset, are more prone to CNS dysfunction. Thus, addressing neurological complications in an HIV-1-infected patient is a delicate balance of several factors and requires characterization of the molecular signature of associated CNS disorders involving intricate cross-talk with HIV-1-derived neurotoxins and other cellular factors. In this review, we summarize some of the current data supporting both the direct and indirect mechanisms, including neuro-inflammation and genome instability in association with aging, leading to CNS dysfunction after HIV-1 infection, and discuss the potential strategies addressing the treatment or prevention of HIV-1-mediated neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anantha Ram Nookala
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Joy Mitra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nitish S. Chaudhari
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Muralidhar L. Hegde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, NY, USA
| | - Anil Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
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Zhong N, Jiang H, Du J, Zhao Y, Sun H, Xu D, Li C, Zhuang W, Li X, Hashimoto K, Zhao M. The cognitive impairments and psychological wellbeing of methamphetamine dependent patients compared with health controls. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 69:31-7. [PMID: 27085943 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chronic methamphetamine (MA) use is associated with cognitive impairment and psychopathological symptoms. This longitudinal study aims to examine the cognitive function of MA addicts during periods of abstinence. METHODS Fifty-four MA dependent individuals and 58 healthy controls (HC) completed the psychological wellbeing scales and the CogState Battery that evaluated seven cognitive domains. During approximately 6-month abstinence, the subjects completed the CogState battery twice at the interval of 3months. RESULTS In the tasks of verbal memory, social emotional cognition, and spatial working memory, working memory, and problem solving the MA group performed worse than the HC group (P<0.05). After 6-month abstinence, impaired verbal memory, social emotion, and problem solving were improved in the MA group (P<0.01). Furthermore, the MA group showed lower scores in batteries of social adaptation (t=3.13, P=0.002) and quality of life (t=3.70, P<0.001) than the HC group, and 83.3% MA addicts displayed various psychiatric symptoms before study entry. CONCLUSIONS Chronic MA addicts exhibited impairment of some CogState battery domains and poor psychological wellbeing, and that some of these subdomains were recoverable on abstinence. Therefore, improved cognitive function should be considered an important component in the treatment of MA dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhong
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Jiang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Du
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiming Sun
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding Xu
- Shanghai Compulsory Drug Dependence Treatment Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanwei Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxu Zhuang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Yu D, Yuan K, Zhang B, Liu J, Dong M, Jin C, Luo L, Zhai J, Zhao L, Zhao Y, Gu Y, Xue T, Liu X, Lu X, Qin W, Tian J. White matter integrity in young smokers: a tract-based spatial statistics study. Addict Biol 2016; 21:679-87. [PMID: 25752453 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies revealed contradictory effects of smoking on fractional anisotropy (FA). Multiple DTI-derived indices may help to deduce the pathophysiological type of white matter (WM) changes and provide more specific biomarkers of WM neuropathology in the whole brain of young smokers. Twenty-three young smokers and 22 age-, education- and gender-matched healthy non-smoking controls participated in this study. Tract-based spatial statistics was employed to investigate the WM microstructure in young smokers by integrating multiple indices, including FA, mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD) and axial diffusivity (AD). Compared with healthy non-smoking controls, young smokers showed significantly increased FA with increased AD and decreased RD in several brain regions, while no difference in MD was observed. Specifically, the overlapped WM regions with increased FA, increased AD and decreased RD were found in the right posterior limb of the internal capsule, the right external capsule and the right superior corona radiata. Additionally, average FA and RD values in the WM regions mentioned earlier were significantly correlated with pack-years and Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, while no correlation in AD was found. The WM tracts with increased FA may be more associated with RD, rather than AD in young smokers. We suggested that WM properties of several fibres in young smokers may be the biomarker as the cumulative effect and severity of nicotine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahua Yu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing; School of Information Engineering; Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology; China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Life Sciences Research Center; School of Life Science and Technology; Xidian University; China
| | - Baohua Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing; School of Information Engineering; Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology; China
| | - Jixin Liu
- Life Sciences Research Center; School of Life Science and Technology; Xidian University; China
| | - Minghao Dong
- Life Sciences Research Center; School of Life Science and Technology; Xidian University; China
| | - Chenwang Jin
- Department of Medical Imaging; The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College; Xi'an Jiaotong University; China
| | - Lin Luo
- Department of Medical Imaging; The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College; Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology; China
| | - Jinquan Zhai
- Department of Medical Imaging; The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College; Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology; China
| | - Ling Zhao
- The 3rd Teaching Hospital; Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing; School of Information Engineering; Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology; China
| | - Yu Gu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing; School of Information Engineering; Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology; China
| | - Ting Xue
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing; School of Information Engineering; Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology; China
| | - Xin Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing; School of Information Engineering; Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology; China
| | - Xiaoqi Lu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing; School of Information Engineering; Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology; China
| | - Wei Qin
- Life Sciences Research Center; School of Life Science and Technology; Xidian University; China
| | - Jie Tian
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing; School of Information Engineering; Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology; China
- Institute of Automation; Chinese Academy of Sciences; China
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Andres T, Ernst T, Oishi K, Greenstein D, Nakama H, Chang L. Brain Microstructure and Impulsivity Differ between Current and Past Methamphetamine Users. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2016; 11:531-41. [PMID: 27137938 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-016-9675-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (Meth) use disorder continues to be highly prevalent worldwide. Meth users have higher impulsivity and brain abnormalities that may be different between current and past Meth users. The current study assessed impulsivity and depressive symptoms in 94 participants (27 current Meth users, 32 past Meth users and 35 non-drug user controls). Additionally, brain microstructure was assessed using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI); fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were assessed in the striatum, and FA, MD, radial and axial diffusivity were quantified in five white matter structures using DtiStudio.Across the three subject groups, current users had the highest self-reported impulsivity scores, while both Meth user groups had larger striatal structures than the controls. Past Meth users had the highest FA and lowest MD in the striatum, which is likely due to greater magnetic susceptibility from higher iron content and greater dendritic spine density. In white matter tracts, current Meth users had higher AD than past users, indicating greater water diffusion along the axons, and suggesting inflammation with axonal swelling. In contrast, past users had the lowest AD, indicating more restricted diffusion, which might have resulted from reactive gliosis. Although current Meth users had greater impulsivity than past users, the brain microstructural abnormalities showed differences that may reflect different stages of neuroinflammation or iron-induced neurodegeneration. Combining current and past Meth users may lead to greater variability in studies of Meth users. Longitudinal studies are needed to further evaluate the relationship between recency of Meth use and brain microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Andres
- Neuroscience and MR Research Program, John A. Burn School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Thomas Ernst
- Neuroscience and MR Research Program, John A. Burn School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Kenichi Oishi
- Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Greenstein
- Neuroscience and MR Research Program, John A. Burn School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Helenna Nakama
- VA Pacific Islands Health Care System, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Linda Chang
- Neuroscience and MR Research Program, John A. Burn School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.
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Persistent Microstructural Deficits of Internal Capsule in One-Year Abstinent Male Methamphetamine Users: a Longitudinal Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2016; 11:523-30. [PMID: 27115910 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-016-9673-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
White matter (WM) alterations have been reported in methamphetamine (MA) users. However, knowledge about longitudinal changes in WM during abstinence from MA remains unknown. The present study aimed to examine how WM changes in long-term MA abstinent, in particular, whether the WM deficits would recover as the duration of abstinence extended. Twenty male MA dependent individuals and 19 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited and participated in both clinical assessments and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans. The MA group underwent two DTI scans, a baseline scan with a duration of abstinence of 6.4 months and and a follow-up scan with a duration of abstinence of 13.0 months. Tract-Based Spatial Statistics was utilized to conduct baseline DTI analysis of MA group compared with HCs. The clusters with significant group differences of factional anisotropy (FA) were extracted as region of interests (ROIs). Mean values of DTI measurements (FA, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity) were calculated within the ROIs in each subject's native space at baseline and follow-up. The MA group showed significant lower FA in the right internal capsule and superior corona radiate than HCs. The deficits did not recover when the duration of abstinence from MA reached 13 months. No significant correlations were found between FA and clinical measurements. Our results suggested persistent microstructure deficits of WM tracts surrounding the basal ganglia in MA dependent individuals.
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Kuhn DM, Angoa-Pérez M, Thomas DM. Nucleus accumbens invulnerability to methamphetamine neurotoxicity. ILAR J 2016; 52:352-65. [PMID: 23382149 DOI: 10.1093/ilar.52.3.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (Meth) is a neurotoxic drug of abuse that damages neurons and nerve endings throughout the central nervous system. Emerging studies of human Meth addicts using both postmortem analyses of brain tissue and noninvasive imaging studies of intact brains have confirmed that Meth causes persistent structural abnormalities. Animal and human studies have also defined a number of significant functional problems and comorbid psychiatric disorders associated with long-term Meth abuse. This review summarizes the salient features of Meth-induced neurotoxicity with a focus on the dopamine (DA) neuronal system. DA nerve endings in the caudate-putamen (CPu) are damaged by Meth in a highly delimited manner. Even within the CPu, damage is remarkably heterogeneous, with ventral and lateral aspects showing the greatest deficits. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is largely spared the damage that accompanies binge Meth intoxication, but relatively subtle changes in the disposition of DA in its nerve endings can lead to dramatic increases in Meth-induced toxicity in the CPu and overcome the normal resistance of the NAc to damage. In contrast to the CPu, where DA neuronal deficiencies are persistent, alterations in the NAc show a partial recovery. Animal models have been indispensable in studies of the causes and consequences of Meth neurotoxicity and in the development of new therapies. This research has shown that increases in cytoplasmic DA dramatically broaden the neurotoxic profile of Meth to include brain structures not normally targeted for damage. The resistance of the NAc to Meth-induced neurotoxicity and its ability to recover reveal a fundamentally different neuroplasticity by comparison to the CPu. Recruitment of the NAc as a target of Meth neurotoxicity by alterations in DA homeostasis is significant in light of the numerous important roles played by this brain structure.
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McKenna BS, Brown GG, Archibald S, Scadeng M, Bussell R, Kesby JP, Markou A, Soontornniyomkij V, Achim C, Semenova S. Microstructural changes to the brain of mice after methamphetamine exposure as identified with diffusion tensor imaging. Psychiatry Res 2016; 249:27-37. [PMID: 27000304 PMCID: PMC4831583 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is an addictive psychostimulant inducing neurotoxicity. Human magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of METH-dependent participants find various structural abnormities. Animal studies demonstrate immunohistochemical changes in multiple cellular pathways after METH exposure. Here, we characterized the long-term effects of METH on brain microstructure in mice exposed to an escalating METH binge regimen using in vivo DTI, a methodology directly translatable across species. Results revealed four patterns of differential fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) response when comparing METH-exposed (n=14) to saline-treated mice (n=13). Compared to the saline group, METH-exposed mice demonstrated: 1) decreased FA with no change in MD [corpus callosum (posterior forceps), internal capsule (left), thalamus (medial aspects), midbrain], 2) increased MD with no change in FA [posterior isocortical regions, caudate-putamen, hypothalamus, cerebral peduncle, internal capsule (right)], 3) increased FA with decreased MD [frontal isocortex, corpus callosum (genu)], and 4) increased FA with no change or increased MD [hippocampi, amygdala, lateral thalamus]. MD was negatively associated with calbindin-1 in hippocampi and positively with dopamine transporter in caudate-putamen. These findings highlight distributed and differential METH effects within the brain suggesting several distinct mechanisms. Such mechanisms likely change brain tissue differentially dependent upon neural location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S McKenna
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, M/C 0603, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gregory G Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, M/C 0603, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Sarah Archibald
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, M/C 0603, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Miriam Scadeng
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 200 West Arbor Drive, M/C 0834, La Jolla, CA 92103, USA
| | - Robert Bussell
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 200 West Arbor Drive, M/C 0834, La Jolla, CA 92103, USA
| | - James P Kesby
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, M/C 0603, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Athina Markou
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, M/C 0603, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Virawudh Soontornniyomkij
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, M/C 0603, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Cristian Achim
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, M/C 0603, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Svetlana Semenova
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, M/C 0603, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Uhlmann A, Fouche JP, Lederer K, Meintjes EM, Wilson D, Stein DJ. White matter microstructure and impulsivity in methamphetamine dependence with and without a history of psychosis. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:2055-67. [PMID: 26936688 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methamphetamine (MA) use may lead to white matter injury and to a range of behavioral problems and psychiatric disorders, including psychosis. The present study sought to assess white matter microstructural impairment as well as impulsive behavior in MA dependence and MA-associated psychosis (MAP). METHODS Thirty patients with a history of MAP, 39 participants with MA dependence and 40 healthy controls underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Participants also completed the UPPS-P impulsive behavior questionnaire. We applied tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) to investigate group differences in mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA), axial (λ‖ ) and radial diffusivity (λ⊥ ), and their association with impulsivity scores and psychotic symptoms. RESULTS The MAP group displayed widespread higher MD, λ‖ and λ⊥ levels compared to both controls and the MA group, and lower FA in extensive white matter areas relative to controls. MD levels correlated positively with negative psychotic symptoms in MAP. No significant DTI group differences were found between the MA group and controls. Both clinical groups showed high levels of impulsivity, and this dysfunction was associated with DTI measures in frontal white matter tracts. CONCLUSIONS MAP patients show distinct patterns of impaired white matter integrity of global nature relative to controls and the MA group. Future work to investigate the precise nature and timing of alterations in MAP is needed. The results are further suggestive of frontal white matter pathology playing a role in impulsivity in MA dependence and MAP. Hum Brain Mapp 37:2055-2067, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Uhlmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jean-Paul Fouche
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Katharina Lederer
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ernesta M Meintjes
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, MRC/UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, South Africa
| | - Don Wilson
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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Disorganization of white matter architecture in major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of diffusion tensor imaging with tract-based spatial statistics. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21825. [PMID: 26906716 PMCID: PMC4764827 DOI: 10.1038/srep21825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
White matter (WM) abnormalities have long been suspected in major depressive disorder (MDD). Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) studies have detected abnormalities in fractional anisotropy (FA) in MDD, but the available evidence has been inconsistent. We performed a quantitative meta-analysis of TBSS studies contrasting MDD patients with healthy control subjects (HCS). A total of 17 studies with 18 datasets that included 641 MDD patients and 581 HCS were identified. Anisotropic effect size-signed differential mapping (AES-SDM) meta-analysis was performed to assess FA alterations in MDD patients compared to HCS. FA reductions were identified in the genu of the corpus callosum (CC) extending to the body of the CC and left anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) in MDD patients relative to HCS. Descriptive analysis of quartiles, sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis further confirmed these findings. Meta-regression analysis revealed that individuals with more severe MDD were significantly more likely to have FA reductions in the genu of the CC. This study provides a thorough profile of WM abnormalities in MDD and evidence that interhemispheric connections and frontal-striatal-thalamic pathways are the most convergent circuits affected in MDD.
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Lederer K, Fouche JP, Wilson D, Stein DJ, Uhlmann A. Frontal white matter changes and aggression in methamphetamine dependence. Metab Brain Dis 2016; 31:53-62. [PMID: 26671551 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-015-9775-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic methamphetamine (MA) use can lead to white matter (WM) changes and increased levels of aggression. While previous studies have examined WM abnormalities relating to cognitive impairment, associations between WM integrity and aggression in MA dependence remain unclear. Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) was used to investigate WM changes in 40 individuals with MA dependence and 40 matched healthy controls. A region of interest (ROI) approach using tract based spatial statistics (TBSS) in FSL was performed. We compared fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), parallel diffusivity (λ║) and perpendicular diffusivity (λ┴) in WM tracts of the frontal brain. A relationship of WM with aggression scores from the Buss & Perry Questionnaire was investigated. Mean scores for anger (p < 0.001), physical aggression (p = 0.032) and total aggression (p = 0.021) were significantly higher in the MA group relative to controls. ROI analysis showed increased MD (U = 439.5, p = 0.001) and λ┴ (U = 561.5, p = 0.021) values in the genu of the corpus callosum, and increased MD (U = 541.5, p = 0.012) values in the right cingulum in MA dependence. None of the WM changes were significantly associated with aggression scores. This study provides evidence of frontal WM changes and increased levels of aggression in individuals with MA dependence. The lack of significant associations between WM and aggressive behaviour may reflect methodological issues in measuring such behaviour, or may indicate that the neurobiology of aggression is not simply correlated with WM damage but is more complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Lederer
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, J-Block, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Jean-Paul Fouche
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, J-Block, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Don Wilson
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, J-Block, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, J-Block, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Anne Uhlmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, J-Block, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa.
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Brown GG, Jacobus J, McKenna B. Structural imaging for addiction medicine: From neurostructure to neuroplasticity. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2016; 224:105-27. [PMID: 26822356 PMCID: PMC4856004 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2015.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging have provided new insights into structural brain changes associated with drugs of abuse. In this chapter, we review recent studies using these methods to investigate structural brain abnormalities associated with excessive use of marijuana, stimulants, and opiates. Although many brain regions have been associated with structural abnormalities following abuse of these drugs, brain systems underlying inhibition, mood regulation, and reward are particularly involved. Candidate pathological mechanisms underlying these structural abnormalities include the direct toxic effects of the drugs, neuroinflammation, ischemia, hemorrhage, and abnormal brain development. Returning damaged brain areas to neural health would involve enhancing neuroplasticity. Behavioral, environmental, pharmacological, and cell-based therapies have been correlated with enhanced neuroplasticity following brain injury, providing a basis for new treatments of brain changes associated with excessive drug use. When testing new treatments, structural imaging may prove useful in selecting patients, monitoring recovery, and perhaps, tailoring interventions.
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Conduct disorder in females is associated with reduced corpus callosum structural integrity independent of comorbid disorders and exposure to maltreatment. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e714. [PMID: 26784968 PMCID: PMC5068887 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The behavioral phenotype and genotype of conduct disorder (CD) differ in males and females. Abnormalities of white matter integrity have been reported among males with CD and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Little is known about white matter integrity in females with CD. The present study aimed to determine whether abnormalities of white matter are present among young women who presented CD before the age of 15, and whether abnormalities are independent of the multiple comorbid disorders and experiences of maltreatment characterizing females with CD that may each in themselves be associated with alterations of the white matter. Three groups of women, aged on average 24 years, were scanned using diffusion tensor imaging and compared: 28 with prior CD, three of whom presented ASPD; a clinical comparison (CC) group of 15 women with no history of CD but with similar proportions who presented alcohol dependence, drug dependence, anxiety disorders, depression disorders and physical and sexual abuse as the CD group; and 24 healthy women. Whole-brain, tract-based spatial statistics were computed to investigate differences in fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity. Compared with healthy women, women with prior CD showed widespread reductions in axial diffusivity primarily in frontotemporal regions. After statistically adjusting for comorbid disorders and maltreatment, group differences in the corpus callosum body and genu (including forceps minor) remained significant. Compared with the CC group, women with CD showed reduced fractional anisotropy in the body and genu of the corpus callosum. No differences were detected between the CD and healthy women in the uncinate fasciculus.
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42
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Du HY, Cao DN, Chen Y, Wang L, Wu N, Li J. Alterations of prefrontal cortical microRNAs in methamphetamine self-administering rats: From controlled drug intake to escalated drug intake. Neurosci Lett 2015; 611:21-7. [PMID: 26592480 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a process that transits from recreative and regular drug use into compulsive drug use. The two patterns of drug use, controlled drug intake and escalated drug intake, represent different stages in the development of drug addiction; and escalation of drug use is a hallmark of addiction. Accumulating studies indicate that microRNAs (miRNAs) play key regulatory roles in drug addiction. However, the molecular adaptations in escalation of drug use, as well as the difference in the adaptations between escalated and controlled drug use, remain unclear. In the present study, 28 altered miRNAs in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) were found in the groups of controlled methamphetamine self-administration (1h/session) and escalated self-administration (6h/session), and some of them were validated. Compared with saline control group, miR-186 was verified to be up-regulated while miR-195 and miR-329 were down-regulated in the rats with controlled methamphetamine use. In the rats with escalated drug use, miR-127, miR-186, miR-222 and miR-24 were verified to be up-regulated while miR-329 was down-regulated compared with controls. Furthermore, bioinformatic analysis indicated that the predicted targets of these verified miRNAs involved in the processes of neuronal apoptosis and synaptic plasticity. However, the putative regulated molecules may be different between controlled and escalated drug use groups. Taken together, we detected the altered miRNAs in rat PFC under the conditions of controlled methamphetamine use and escalated use respectively, which may extend our understanding of the molecular adaptations underlying the transition from controlled drug use to addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yue Du
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Dan-Ni Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lv Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ning Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China.
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43
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Lyoo IK, Yoon S, Kim TS, Lim SM, Choi Y, Kim JE, Hwang J, Jeong HS, Cho HB, Chung YA, Renshaw PF. Predisposition to and effects of methamphetamine use on the adolescent brain. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:1516-24. [PMID: 25666756 PMCID: PMC5653271 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of heightened vulnerability both to addictive behaviors and drug-induced brain damage. Yet, only limited information exists on the brain mechanisms underlying these adolescent-specific characteristics. Moreover, distinctions in brain correlates between predisposition to drug use and effects of drugs in adolescents are unclear. Using cortical thickness and diffusion tensor image analyses, we found greater and more widespread gray and white matter alterations, particularly affecting the frontostriatal system, in adolescent methamphetamine (MA) users compared with adult users. Among adolescent-specific gray matter alterations related to MA use, smaller cortical thickness in the orbitofrontal cortex was associated with family history of drug use. Our findings highlight that the adolescent brain, which undergoes active myelination and maturation, is more vulnerable to MA-related alterations than the adult brain. Furthermore, MA-use-related executive dysfunction was greater in adolescent MA users than in adult users. These findings may provide explanation for the severe behavioral complications and relapses that are common in adolescent-onset drug addiction. Additionally, these results may provide insights into distinguishing the neural mechanisms that underlie the predisposition to drug addiction from effects of drugs in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- IK Lyoo
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S Yoon
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - TS Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - SM Lim
- Department of Radiology, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y Choi
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - JE Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - HS Jeong
- Department of Radiology, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - HB Cho
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - YA Chung
- Department of Radiology, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - PF Renshaw
- The Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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44
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Tang VM, Lang DJ, Giesbrecht CJ, Panenka WJ, Willi T, Procyshyn RM, Vila-Rodriguez F, Jenkins W, Lecomte T, Boyda HN, Aleksic A, MacEwan GW, Honer WG, Barr AM. White matter deficits assessed by diffusion tensor imaging and cognitive dysfunction in psychostimulant users with comorbid human immunodeficiency virus infection. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:515. [PMID: 26423806 PMCID: PMC4590729 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1501-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychostimulant drug use is commonly associated with drug-related infection, including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Both psychostimulant use and HIV infection are known to damage brain white matter and impair cognition. To date, no study has examined white matter integrity using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in chronic psychostimulant users with comorbid HIV infection, and determined the relationship of white matter integrity to cognitive function. METHODS Twenty-one subjects (mean age 37.5 ± 9.0 years) with a history of heavy psychostimulant use and HIV infection (8.7 ± 4.3 years) and 22 matched controls were scanned on a 3T MRI. Fractional anisotropy (FA) values were calculated with DTI software. Four regions of interest were manually segmented, including the genu of the corpus callosum, left and right anterior limbs of the internal capsule, and the anterior commissure. Subjects also completed a neurocognitive battery and questionnaires about physical and mental health. RESULTS The psychostimulant using, HIV positive group displayed decreased white matter integrity, with significantly lower FA values for all white matter tracts (p < 0.05). This group also exhibited decreased cognitive performance on tasks that assessed cognitive set-shifting, fine motor speed and verbal memory. FA values for the white matter tracts correlated with cognitive performance on many of the neurocognitive tests. CONCLUSIONS White matter integrity was thus impaired in subjects with psychostimulant use and comorbid HIV infection, which predicted worsened cognitive performance on a range of tests. Further study on this medical comorbidity is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, V6T2A1, Canada.
| | - Donna J Lang
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, 3350-950 W 10th Avenue, Vancouver, V5Z1M9, Canada. .,British Columbia Mental Health & Addictions Research Institute, 938 W 28th Avenue, Vancouver, V5Z4H4, Canada.
| | - Chantelle J Giesbrecht
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A1S6, Canada.
| | - William J Panenka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, V6T2A1, Canada. .,British Columbia Mental Health & Addictions Research Institute, 938 W 28th Avenue, Vancouver, V5Z4H4, Canada.
| | - Taylor Willi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, V6T2A1, Canada. .,British Columbia Mental Health & Addictions Research Institute, 938 W 28th Avenue, Vancouver, V5Z4H4, Canada.
| | - Ric M Procyshyn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, V6T2A1, Canada. .,British Columbia Mental Health & Addictions Research Institute, 938 W 28th Avenue, Vancouver, V5Z4H4, Canada.
| | - Fidel Vila-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, V6T2A1, Canada.
| | - Willough Jenkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, V6T2A1, Canada.
| | - Tania Lecomte
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Heidi N Boyda
- British Columbia Mental Health & Addictions Research Institute, 938 W 28th Avenue, Vancouver, V5Z4H4, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z3, Canada.
| | - Ana Aleksic
- British Columbia Mental Health & Addictions Research Institute, 938 W 28th Avenue, Vancouver, V5Z4H4, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z3, Canada.
| | - G William MacEwan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, V6T2A1, Canada.
| | - William G Honer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, V6T2A1, Canada. .,British Columbia Mental Health & Addictions Research Institute, 938 W 28th Avenue, Vancouver, V5Z4H4, Canada.
| | - Alasdair M Barr
- British Columbia Mental Health & Addictions Research Institute, 938 W 28th Avenue, Vancouver, V5Z4H4, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z3, Canada.
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45
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Investigating the microstructural and neurochemical environment within the basal ganglia of current methamphetamine abusers. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 149:122-7. [PMID: 25700612 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methamphetamine is a highly addictive psychostimulant and the medical, social, and economic consequences associated with its use have become a major international problem. Current evidence has shown methamphetamine to be particularly neurotoxic to dopamine neurons and striatal structures within the basal ganglia. A previous study from our laboratory demonstrated larger putamen volumes in actively using methamphetamine-dependent participants. The purpose of this current study was to determine whether striatal structures in the same sample of participants also exhibit pathology on the microstructural and molecular level. METHODS Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) were carried out in current methamphetamine users (n = 18) and healthy controls (n = 22) to investigate diffusion indices and neurometabolite levels in the basal ganglia. RESULTS Contrary to findings from previous DTI and MRS studies, no significant differences in diffusion indices or metabolite levels were observed in the basal ganglia regions of current methamphetamine users. CONCLUSIONS These findings differ from those reported in abstinent users and the absence of diffusion and neurochemical abnormalities may suggest that striatal enlargement in current methamphetamine use may be due to mechanisms other than edema and glial proliferation.
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46
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Harro J. Neuropsychiatric Adverse Effects of Amphetamine and Methamphetamine. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2015; 120:179-204. [PMID: 26070758 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Administration of amphetamine and methamphetamine can elicit psychiatric adverse effects at acute administration, binge use, withdrawal, and chronic use. Most troublesome of these are psychotic states and aggressive behavior, but a large variety of undesirable changes in cognition and affect can be induced. Adverse effects occur more frequently with higher dosages and long-term use. They can subside over time but some persist long-term. Multiple alterations in the gray and white matter of the brain assessed as changes in tissue volume or metabolism, or at molecular level, have been associated with amphetamine and methamphetamine use and the psychiatric adverse effects, but further studies are required to clarify their causal role, specificity, and relationship with preceding states and traits and comorbidities. The latter include other substance use disorders, mood and anxiety disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and antisocial personality disorder. Amphetamine- and methamphetamine-related psychosis is similar to schizophrenia in terms of symptomatology and pathogenesis, and these two disorders share predisposing genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaanus Harro
- Division of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
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47
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Salo R, Fassbender C. Structural, functional and spectroscopic MRI studies of methamphetamine addiction. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2015; 11:321-64. [PMID: 22094881 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2011_172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
This chapter reviews selected neuroimaging findings related to long-term amphetamine and methamphetamine (MA) use. An overview of structural and functional (fMRI) MR studies, Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) studies conducted in long-term MA abusers is presented. The focus of this chapter is to present the relevant studies as tools to understand brain changes following drug abstinence and recovery from addiction. The behavioral relevance of these neuroimaging studies is discussed as they relate to clinical symptoms and treatment. Within each imaging section this chapter includes a discussion of the relevant imaging studies as they relate to patterns of drug use (i.e., duration of MA use, cumulative lifetime dose and time MA abstinent) as well as an overview of studies that link the imaging findings to cognitive measures. In our conclusion we discuss some of the future directions of neuroimaging as it relates to the pathophysiology of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Salo
- UC Davis Imaging Research Center, 4701 X Street, Sacramento, CA, USA,
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48
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London ED, Kohno M, Morales AM, Ballard ME. Chronic methamphetamine abuse and corticostriatal deficits revealed by neuroimaging. Brain Res 2014; 1628:174-85. [PMID: 25451127 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite aggressive efforts to contain it, methamphetamine use disorder continues to be major public health problem; and with generic behavioral therapies still the mainstay of treatment for methamphetamine abuse, rates of attrition and relapse remain high. This review summarizes the findings of structural, molecular, and functional neuroimaging studies of methamphetamine abusers, focusing on cortical and striatal abnormalities and their potential contributions to cognitive and behavioral phenotypes that can serve to promote compulsive drug use. These studies indicate that individuals with a history of chronic methamphetamine abuse often display several signs of corticostriatal dysfunction, including abnormal gray- and white-matter integrity, monoamine neurotransmitter system deficiencies, neuroinflammation, poor neuronal integrity, and aberrant patterns of brain connectivity and function, both when engaged in cognitive tasks and at rest. More importantly, many of these neural abnormalities were found to be linked with certain addiction-related phenotypes that may influence treatment response (e.g., poor self-control, cognitive inflexibility, maladaptive decision-making), raising the possibility that they may represent novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edythe D London
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024; Departments of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024; Departments of Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024.
| | - Milky Kohno
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024
| | - Angelica M Morales
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024
| | - Michael E Ballard
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024
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Mon A, Durazzo TC, Abe C, Gazdzinski S, Pennington D, Schmidt T, Meyerhoff DJ. Structural brain differences in alcohol-dependent individuals with and without comorbid substance dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; 144:170-7. [PMID: 25263262 PMCID: PMC4280666 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 50% of individuals with alcohol use disorders (AUD) also use other substances; brain structural abnormalities observed in alcohol dependent individuals may not be entirely related to alcohol consumption. This MRI study assessed differences in brain regional tissue volumes between short-term abstinent alcohol dependent individuals without (ALC) and with current substance use dependence (polysubstance users, PSU). METHODS Nineteen, one-month-abstinent PSU and 40 ALC as well as 27 light-drinkers (LD) were studied on a 1.5 T MR system. Whole brain T1-weighted images were segmented automatically into regional gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volumes. MANOVA assessed group differences of intracranial volume-normalized tissue volumes of the frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes and regional subcortical GM volumes. The volumetric measures were correlated with neurocognitive measures to assess their functional relevance. RESULTS Despite similar lifetime drinking and smoking histories, PSU had significantly larger normalized WM volumes than ALC in all lobes. PSU also had larger frontal and parietal WM volumes than LD, but smaller temporal GM volumes and smaller lenticular and thalamic nuclei than LD. ALC had smaller frontal, parietal, and temporal GM, thalamic GM and cerebellar volumes than LD. ALC had more sulcal CSF volumes than both PSU and LD. CONCLUSION One-month-abstinent ALC and PSU exhibited different patterns of gross brain structural abnormalities. The larger lobar WM volumes in PSU in the absence of widespread GM volume loss contrast with widespread GM atrophy in ALC. These structural differences may demand different treatment approaches to mitigate specific functionally relevant brain abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Mon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; School of Applied Sciences and Statistics, Koforidua Polytechnic, Ghana.
| | - Timothy C. Durazzo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, U.S.A,Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Veterans Administration Medical Center San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Christoph Abe
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Gazdzinski
- Nencki Institute for Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - David Pennington
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Administration Medical Center San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Dieter J. Meyerhoff
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, U.S.A,Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Veterans Administration Medical Center San Francisco, California, U.S.A
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50
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Theodore PS, Durán RE, Antoni MH. Drug use and sexual risk among gay and bisexual men who frequent party venues. AIDS Behav 2014; 18:2178-86. [PMID: 24770947 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-014-0779-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Research connecting club drug use to risky sex among gay/bisexual men (GBM) contains methodological issues that have limited knowledge about the relative risks of distinct drugs. This paper reports drug use and sexual behavior data from 197 GBM who frequented at least one party venue within 3 months of participating. Alarming rates of drug use and unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) with casual sex-partners were reported in connection with time spent at a bar, club or circuit party. Structural equation modeling revealed that use of methamphetamine, gammahydroxybutrate (GHB), and/or ketamine (K), but not use of ecstasy, at a party venue helped explain likelihood of UAI with a casual sex-partner while under the influence of a drug during/following time partying (β = 0.41, p < .01). Findings suggest use of methamphetamine, GHB and/or K at party venues increases risk for subsequent UAI with casual sex-partners. Study implications, limitations, and recommendations for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Theodore
- Clinical Psychology PhD Program, California School of Professional Psychology (CSPP) at Alliant International University, 1000 S. Fremont Avenue, Unit 5, Alhambra, Los Angeles, CA, USA,
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