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Sayson LV, Jeon SJ, Ortiz DM, Lee HJ, Campomayor NB, Kim HJ, Kim M. Heukharang ( Lactuca sativa L.) extracts enhanced the sleep behavior of mice: potential involvement of adenosine A 1 and A 2A receptors. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2024; 22:385-394. [PMID: 38962793 PMCID: PMC11217248 DOI: 10.1007/s41105-024-00522-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
A significant proportion of the world's population suffers from insomnia, a disorder characterized by complications in initiating and maintaining sleep. Many medications used to treat insomnia target the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter system. However, these substances, such as benzodiazepines, induce significant adverse consequences, including dependence and memory impairment, after prolonged use. Thus, current studies are aimed at developing therapeutic hypnotics derived from natural sources that may cause less severe side effects. Heukharang is a variety of lettuce from Korea that was discovered to contain sleep-promoting compounds. Therefore, we investigated the potential effects of sub-chronic administration of Heukharang extract (FSD-LS) on sleep behavior (pentobarbital-induced sleeping test), brain wave activity and sleep architecture (electroencephalography), and physiological behavior (open-field test and rota-rod) in mice, along with radioligand binding assays (GABAA, adenosine A1 and A2A receptors). We found that FSD-LS prolonged the total sleep duration and reduced the onset time of sleep, and enhanced delta wave power and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep duration, all indicating persistent sleep-enhancing effects. FSD-LS lacked adverse effects on the spontaneous locomotor activity and motor coordination of mice, unlike diazepam. Pharmacological blocking using caffeine and bicuculline supported the possible involvement of adenosine receptors in the sleep-promoting effects of FSD-LS, with partial contribution from GABA receptor activity. Overall, our study recommends FSD-LS as a potential source for the development of sleep-aiding therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Val Sayson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01795 Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Jeon
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252 Republic of Korea
| | - Darlene Mae Ortiz
- Department of Pharmacy, Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01795 Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women’s University, 60 Hwarang-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02748 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01795 Republic of Korea
| | - Nicole Bon Campomayor
- Department of Chemistry & Life Science, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01795 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01795 Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyung Kim
- Department of Chemistry & Life Science, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01795 Republic of Korea
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Phang SJ, Teh HX, Looi ML, Fauzi MB, Neo YP, Arumugam B, Kuppusamy UR. PVA/PVP Nanofibres Incorporated with Ecklonia cava Phlorotannins Exhibit Excellent Cytocompatibility and Accelerate Hyperglycaemic Wound Healing. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2024; 21:243-260. [PMID: 37865625 PMCID: PMC10825108 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00590-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a major debilitating complication of diabetes. The lack of effective diabetic wound dressings has been a significant problem in DFU management. In this study, we aim to establish a phlorotannin-incorporated nanofibre system and determine its potential in accelerating hyperglycaemic wound healing. METHODS The effective dose of Ecklonia cava phlorotannins (ECP) for hyperglycaemic wound healing was determined prior to phlorotannin nanofibre fabrication using polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and ECP. Vapour glutaraldehyde was used for crosslinking of the PVA/PVP nanofibres. The phlorotannin nanofibres were characterised, and their safety and cytocompatibility were validated. Next, the wound healing effect of phlorotannin nanofibres was determined with 2D wound scratch assay, whereas immunofluorescence staining of Collagen-I (Col-I) and Cytokeratin-14 (CK-14) was performed in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) and human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK), respectively. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that 0.01 μg/mL ECP significantly improved hyperglycaemic wound healing without compromising cell viability and proliferation. Among all nanofibres, PVA/PVP/0.01 wt% ECP nanofibres exhibited the best hyperglycaemic wound healing effect. They displayed a diameter of 334.7 ± 10.1 nm, a porosity of 40.7 ± 3.3%, and a WVTR of 1718.1 ± 32.3 g/m2/day. Besides, the FTIR spectra and phlorotannin release profile validated the successful vapour glutaraldehyde crosslinking and ECP incorporation. We also demonstrated the potential of phlorotannin nanofibres as a non-cytotoxic wound dressing as they support the viability and proliferation of both HDF and HEK. Furthermore, phlorotannin nanofibres significantly ameliorated the impaired hyperglycaemic wound healing and restored the hyperglycaemic-induced Col-I reduction in HDF. CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings show that phlorotannin nanofibres have the potential to be used as a diabetic wound dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou Jin Phang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Huey Xhin Teh
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mee Lee Looi
- Centre for Future Learning, Taylor's University, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mh Busra Fauzi
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yun Ping Neo
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bavani Arumugam
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Umah Rani Kuppusamy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Yoon M, Lim DW, Jung J, Jung YS, Lee C, Um MY. Aralia continentalis Root Enhances Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep by Activating GABA A Receptors. Nutrients 2023; 15:5020. [PMID: 38140279 PMCID: PMC10745546 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aralia continentalis exhibits various biological activities; however, their sleep-promoting effects have not been previously reported. In this study, we evaluated the hypnotic effects and sleep-wake profiles of A. continentalis root (KS-126) using a pentobarbital-induced sleep-acceleration test and polysomnographic recordings. Additionally, we investigated the molecular mechanism of KS-126 through patch-clamp electrophysiology. Our polysomnographic recordings revealed that KS-126 not only accelerated the onset of non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) but also extends its duration. Considering the temporal dynamics of the sleep-wake stages, during the initial and subsequent periods KS-126 extended NREMS duration and decreased wakefulness, thereby enhancing sleep-promoting effects. Furthermore, the assessment of sleep quality via analysis of electroencephalogram power density indicated that KS-126 did not significantly alter sleep intensity. Finally, we found that KS-126 enhanced GABAA receptor-mediated synaptic responses in primary hippocampal neurons, leading to an increase in the percentage of the GABA current. This effect was not affected by the selective benzodiazepine receptor antagonist flumazenil, but was entirely inhibited by the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline. In conclusion, KS-126 extends the duration of NREMS without altering its intensity by prolonging GABAergic synaptic transmission, which modulates GABAA receptor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseok Yoon
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (M.Y.); (D.W.L.); (J.J.); (Y.S.J.)
| | - Dong Wook Lim
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (M.Y.); (D.W.L.); (J.J.); (Y.S.J.)
| | - Jonghoon Jung
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (M.Y.); (D.W.L.); (J.J.); (Y.S.J.)
| | - Young Sung Jung
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (M.Y.); (D.W.L.); (J.J.); (Y.S.J.)
| | - Changho Lee
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (M.Y.); (D.W.L.); (J.J.); (Y.S.J.)
| | - Min Young Um
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (M.Y.); (D.W.L.); (J.J.); (Y.S.J.)
- Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Pérez-Jiménez J, Agnant K, Lamuela-Raventós RM, St-Onge MP. Dietary polyphenols and sleep modulation: Current evidence and perspectives. Sleep Med Rev 2023; 72:101844. [PMID: 37659249 PMCID: PMC10872761 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols are plant compounds with several biological activities. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the potential role of polyphenols in modulating sleep. A total of 28 preclinical studies, 12 intervention studies and four observational studies exploring the role of polyphenol intake on sleep were identified. From animal studies, 26 out of the 28 studies found beneficial effects of polyphenols on sleep architecture. Three out of four human observational studies found a beneficial association between polyphenol intake and sleep parameters. And, among clinical intervention studies, eight from a total of 12 studies found some beneficial effect of polyphenol intake on various sleep parameters, although some discrepancies between studies were found. Overall, emerging evidence suggests a benefit of polyphenol intake on sleep. Several mechanisms of action have been suggested, ranging from effects on neurotransmitters to an action through the gut-brain axis. However, more research in this field is needed, emphasizing the use of nutritional doses in mechanistic studies and interventions targeting participants with sleep problems. This would allow to elucidate whether an additional biological effect of polyphenols is modulation of sleep, a behavior associated with adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jara Pérez-Jiménez
- Dept. Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disease (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Division of General Medicine and Center of Excellence for Sleep & Circadian Research, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kaitha Agnant
- Division of General Medicine and Center of Excellence for Sleep & Circadian Research, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rosa M Lamuela-Raventós
- Dept. Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XIA, INSA-UB, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER-OBN), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marie-Pierre St-Onge
- Division of General Medicine and Center of Excellence for Sleep & Circadian Research, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Kwon YJ, Kwon OI, Hwang HJ, Shin HC, Yang S. Therapeutic effects of phlorotannins in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1193590. [PMID: 37305552 PMCID: PMC10249478 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1193590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Phlorotannins are natural polyphenolic compounds produced by brown marine algae and are currently found in nutritional supplements. Although they are known to cross the blood-brain barrier, their neuropharmacological actions remain unclear. Here we review the potential therapeutic benefits of phlorotannins in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In mouse models of Alzheimer's disease, ethanol intoxication and fear stress, the phlorotannin monomer phloroglucinol and the compounds eckol, dieckol and phlorofucofuroeckol A have been shown to improve cognitive function. In a mouse model of Parkinson's disease, phloroglucinol treatment led to improved motor performance. Additional neurological benefits associated with phlorotannin intake have been demonstrated in stroke, sleep disorders, and pain response. These effects may stem from the inhibition of disease-inducing plaque synthesis and aggregation, suppression of microglial activation, modulation of pro-inflammatory signaling, reduction of glutamate-induced excitotoxicity, and scavenging of reactive oxygen species. Clinical trials of phlorotannins have not reported significant adverse effects, suggesting these compounds to be promising bioactive agents in the treatment of neurological diseases. We therefore propose a putative biophysical mechanism of phlorotannin action in addition to future directions for phlorotannin research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Ji Kwon
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Oh Ig Kwon
- Botamedi Brain Health and Medical Care Company Limited, Central, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hye Jeong Hwang
- Center for Molecular Intelligence, SUNY Korea, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Shin
- Botamedi Brain Health and Medical Care Company Limited, Central, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center for Molecular Intelligence, SUNY Korea, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungchil Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Park E, Yu H, Lim JH, Hee Choi J, Park KJ, Lee J. Seaweed metabolomics: A review on its nutrients, bioactive compounds and changes in climate change. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112221. [PMID: 36596150 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Seaweed, an important food resource in several Asian countries, contains various metabolites, including sugars, organic acids, and amino acids; however, their content is affected by prevailing environmental conditions. This review discusses seaweed metabolomics, especially the distribution of primary and functional secondary metabolites (e.g., carotenoids, polyphenols) in seaweed. Additionally, the effects of global warming on seaweed metabolite profile changes are discussed. For example, high temperatures can increase amino acid levels in seaweeds. Overall, understanding the effects of global warming on seaweed metabolite profiles can be useful for evaluating the nutritional composition of seaweeds as food. This review provides an overview of recent applications of metabolomics in seaweed research as well as a perspective on the nutrient content and cultivation of seaweeds under climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Hahyeong Yu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Lim
- Research Group of Consumer Safety, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Choi
- Research Group of Consumer Safety, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee-Jai Park
- Research Group of Consumer Safety, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jihyun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Um MY, Yoon M, Kim M, Jung J, Kim S, Kim DO, Cho S. Curcuminoids, a major turmeric component, have a sleep-enhancing effect by targeting the histamine H1 receptor. Food Funct 2022; 13:12697-12706. [PMID: 36408594 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02087d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) had been considered as a universal panacea in functional foods and traditional medicines. In recent, the sedative-hypnotic effect of turmeric extract (TE) was reported. However, sleep-promoting compounds in TE have been not yet demonstrated. Curcuminoids (curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin) are the major constituents of turmeric being responsible for its various biological activities. Therefore, they can be first assumed to be sedative-hypnotic compounds of TE. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of curcuminoids and each constituent on the sleep-wake cycle of mice. Molecular docking studies, histamine H1 receptor (H1R) binding assays, and H1R knockout animal studies were used to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the sleep-promoting effects. Curcuminoids and their constituents reduced sleep latency and increased sleep duration in the pentobarbital-induced sleep test in mice. In addition, curcuminoids significantly increased the duration of NREMS and reduced sleep latency without altering the REMS and delta activity. Curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin were predicted to interact with H1R in the molecular model. In the binding affinity assay, we found that curcuminoids, as well as their constituents, significantly bind to H1R with the Ki value of 1.49 μg mL-1. Furthermore, sleep latency was reduced and NREMS frequency was increased following curcuminoid administration in wild-type mice but not in H1R knockout mice. Therefore, we conclude that curcuminoids reduce sleep latency and enhance the quantity of NREMS by acting as modulators of H1R, indicating their usefulness in treating insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Young Um
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55364, Republic of Korea.,Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Yoon
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55364, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55364, Republic of Korea.,Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghoon Jung
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55364, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghui Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology/Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae-Ok Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Suengmok Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology/Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Kim S, Kim D, Um MY, Yoon M, Choi JS, Choi YH, Cho S. Marine Polyphenol Phlorotannins as a Natural Sleep Aid for Treatment of Insomnia: A Review of Sedative-Hypnotic Effects and Mechanism of Action. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:774. [PMID: 36547921 PMCID: PMC9780786 DOI: 10.3390/md20120774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Insomnia is a common sleep disorder. Natural sleep aids are gaining worldwide popularity as alternatives to prescription drugs for improving sleep. Recently, numerous studies have investigated the sedative-hypnotic effects of the polyphenols of terrestrial plants. The hypnotic effects of marine polyphenols have also been studied in recent years. Phlorotannins are marine polyphenols that are found only in brown algae. Phlorotannins exert sedative-hypnotic effects via the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A-benzodiazepine receptor. In addition, the brown seaweed Ecklonia cava supplement containing phlorotannins has been approved by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety as a health-functional ingredient that helps improve sleep quality. Currently, it is meaningful to deal with the sedative-hypnotic effects of phlorotannins as natural sleep aids. The current review comprehensively presents the sedative-hypnotic effects in animal models and human clinical trials as well as their mechanism of action, extraction, purification, and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghui Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Duhyeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Um
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Yoon
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Suk Choi
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology, The Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, 38 Cheondaegukchi-gil, Tongyeong-si 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
- Anti-Aging Research Center and Core-Facility Center for Tissue Regeneration, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Suengmok Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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Zheng H, Zhao Y, Guo L. A Bioactive Substance Derived from Brown Seaweeds: Phlorotannins. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:742. [PMID: 36547889 PMCID: PMC9785976 DOI: 10.3390/md20120742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phlorotannins are a type of natural active substance extracted from brown algae, which belong to a type of important plant polyphenol. Phloroglucinol is the basic unit in its structure. Phlorotannins have a wide range of biological activities, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-tumor, anti-hypertensive, hypoglycemic, whitening, anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory, etc. Phlorotannins are mainly used in the fields of medicine, food and cosmetics. This paper reviews the research progress of extraction, separation technology and biological activity of phlorotannins, which will help the scientific community investigate the greater biological significance of phlorotannins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
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Ríos JL, Schinella GR, Moragrega I. Phenolics as GABA A Receptor Ligands: An Updated Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27061770. [PMID: 35335130 PMCID: PMC8953830 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Natural products can act as potential GABA modulators, avoiding the undesirable effects of traditional pharmacology used for the inhibition of the central nervous system such as benzodiazepines (BZD). Phenolics, especially flavonoids and phlorotannins, have been considered as modulators of the BZD-site of GABAA receptors (GABAARs), with sedative, anxiolytic or anticonvulsant effects. However, the wide chemical structural variability of flavonoids shows their potential action at more than one additional binding site on GABAARs, which may act either negatively, positively, by neutralizing GABAARs, or directly as allosteric agonists. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to compile and discuss an update of the role of phenolics, namely as pharmacological targets involving dysfunctions of the GABA system, analyzing both their different compounds and their mechanism as GABAergic modulators. We focus this review on articles written in English since the year 2010 until the present. Of course, although more research would be necessary to fully establish the type specificity of phenolics and their pharmacological activity, the evidence supports their potential as GABAAR modulators, thereby favoring their inclusion in the development of new therapeutic targets based on natural products. Specifically, the data compiled in this review allows for the directing of future research towards ortho-dihydroxy diterpene galdosol, the flavonoids isoliquiritigenin (chalcone), rhusflavone and agathisflavone (biflavonoids), as well as the phlorotannins, dieckol and triphlorethol A. Clinically, flavonoids are the most interesting phenolics due to their potential as anticonvulsant and anxiolytic drugs, and phlorotannins are also of interest as sedative agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Luis Ríos
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Guillermo R. Schinella
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata BA1900, Argentina;
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, UNAJ-CICPBA, Florencio Varela BA1888, Argentina
| | - Inés Moragrega
- Departament de Psicobiologia, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
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Um MY, Yoon M, Lee J, Jung J, Cho S. A Novel Potent Sleep-Promoting Effect of Turmeric: Turmeric Increases Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep in Mice Via Histamine H 1Receptor Blockade. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100100. [PMID: 34003596 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Turmeric has a broad spectrum of biological properties; however, the sleep-promoting effects of turmeric have not yet been reported. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effect of turmeric on sleep and the molecular mechanism underlying this effect. METHODS AND RESULTS Pentobarbital-induce sleep test and sleep-wake profile assessment using recorded electroencephalography are used to evaluate the hypnotic effects of the turmeric extract (TE) compared to diazepam on sleep in mice. Additionally, the molecular mechanism of TE's sleep effect is investigated using ex vivo electrophysiological recordings from brain slices in histamine H1 receptor (H1 R) knockout mice. Oral administration of TE and diazepam significantly reduce sleep latency and increase non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) duration without delta activity in mice. Like doxepin, TE inhibits the H1 R agonist (2-pyridylethylamine dihydrochloride)-induced increase in action potentials in the hypothalamic neurons. In animal tests using neurotransmitter agonists or antagonists, TE effect mimick H1 R antagonistic effect of doxepin. Additionally, both reduce sleep latency and increase NREMS in wild-type mice, although these effects are not observed in H1 R knockout mice. CONCLUSION TE has a sleep-promoting effect owing to reduction in sleep latency and enhancement of NREMS via H1 R blockade; therefore, it could be useful in insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Young Um
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55364, Republic of Korea
- Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Yoon
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55364, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekwang Lee
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55364, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghoon Jung
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55364, Republic of Korea
| | - Suengmok Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology/Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
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12
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Shi Y, Qi H. Effects of Different Seaweed Bioactive Compounds on Neurodegenerative Disorders, Potential Uses on Insomnia: A Mini-review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1929301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Shi
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Hang Qi
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, P. R. China
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13
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Barbosa M, Valentão P, Andrade PB. Polyphenols from Brown Seaweeds (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae): Phlorotannins in the Pursuit of Natural Alternatives to Tackle Neurodegeneration. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E654. [PMID: 33353007 PMCID: PMC7766193 DOI: 10.3390/md18120654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, the burden of neurodegenerative disorders continues to rise, and their multifactorial etiology has been regarded as among the most challenging medical issues. Bioprospecting for seaweed-derived multimodal acting products has earned increasing attention in the fight against neurodegenerative conditions. Phlorotannins (phloroglucinol-based polyphenols exclusively produced by brown seaweeds) are amongst the most promising nature-sourced compounds in terms of functionality, and though research on their neuroprotective properties is still in its infancy, phlorotannins have been found to modulate intricate events within the neuronal network. This review comprehensively covers the available literature on the neuroprotective potential of both isolated phlorotannins and phlorotannin-rich extracts/fractions, highlighting the main key findings and pointing to some potential directions for neuro research ramp-up processes on these marine-derived products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paula B. Andrade
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n.º 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.B.); (P.V.)
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14
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Woo J, Lee CJ. Sleep-enhancing Effects of Phytoncide Via Behavioral, Electrophysiological, and Molecular Modeling Approaches. Exp Neurobiol 2020; 29:120-129. [PMID: 32408402 PMCID: PMC7237266 DOI: 10.5607/en20013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is indispensable for living animals to live and maintain a normal life. Due to the growing number of people suffering from sleep disorders such as insomnia, there have been increasing interests in environmentally friendly therapeutic approaches for sleep disorders to avoid any side effects of pharmacological treatment using synthetic hypnotics. It has been widely accepted that the various beneficial effects of forest, such as relieving stress and anxiety and enhancing immune system function, are caused by plant-derived products, also known as phytoncide. Recently, it has been reported that the sleep-enhancing effects of phytoncide are derived from pine trees such as (-)-α-pinene and 3-carene. These are the major constituents of pine tree that potentiate the inhibitory synaptic responses by acting as a positive modulator for GABAA-BZD receptor. In this review, we discuss the effects of phytoncide on sleep and review the latest approaches of sleep-related behavioral assay, electrophysiological recording, and molecular modeling technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsung Woo
- Center for Cell and Gene Th erapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Korea
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15
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Yoon M, Kim JS, Seo S, Lee K, Um MY, Lee J, Jung J, Cho S. Dieckol, a Major Marine Polyphenol, Enhances Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep in Mice via the GABA A-Benzodiazepine Receptor. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:494. [PMID: 32362829 PMCID: PMC7181965 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We had previously demonstrated that phlorotannins, which are marine polyphenols, enhance sleep in mice via the GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptor. Among the constituents of phlorotannin, dieckol is a major marine polyphenol from the brown alga Ecklonia cava. Although phlorotannins are known to exert hypnotic effects, the sleep-enhancing effect of dieckol has not yet been determined. We evaluated the effect of dieckol on sleep-wake state of mice by analyzing electroencephalograms (EEGs) and electromyograms. Flumazenil, a GABAA-BZD antagonist, was used to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of dieckol on sleep. The polygraphic recordings and corresponding hypnograms revealed that dieckol accelerated the initiation of non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS); it shortened sleep latency and increased NREMS duration. According to the change in time-course, dieckol showed sleep-enhancing effects by increasing the amount of NREMS and decreasing wakefulness during the same hours. Additionally, sleep quality was evaluated by analyzing the EEG power density, and dieckol was found to not affect sleep intensity while zolpidem was found to reduce it. Finally, we treated mice with zolpidem or dieckol in combination with flumazenil and found the latter to inhibit the sleep-enhancing effect of dieckol and zolpidem, thereby indicating that dieckol exerts sleep-enhancing effects by activating the GABAA-BZD receptor, similar to zolpidem. These results implied that dieckol can be used as a promising herbal sleep aid with minimal side effects, unlike the existing hypnotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseok Yoon
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong, South Korea
| | - Sangwoo Seo
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kiwon Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Min Young Um
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Jaekwang Lee
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Jonghoon Jung
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Suengmok Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology/Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
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16
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Binks H, E. Vincent G, Gupta C, Irwin C, Khalesi S. Effects of Diet on Sleep: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040936. [PMID: 32230944 PMCID: PMC7230229 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Many processes are involved in sleep regulation, including the ingestion of nutrients, suggesting a link between diet and sleep. Aside from studies investigating the effects of tryptophan, previous research on sleep and diet has primarily focused on the effects of sleep deprivation or sleep restriction on diet. Furthermore, previous reviews have included subjects with clinically diagnosed sleep-related disorders. The current narrative review aimed to clarify findings on sleep-promoting foods and outline the effects of diet on sleep in otherwise healthy adults. A search was undertaken in August 2019 from the Cochrane, MEDLINE (PubMed), and CINAHL databases using the population, intervention, control, outcome (PICO) method. Eligible studies were classified based on emerging themes and reviewed using narrative synthesis. Four themes emerged: tryptophan consumption and tryptophan depletion, dietary supplements, food items, and macronutrients. High carbohydrate diets, and foods containing tryptophan, melatonin, and phytonutrients (e.g., cherries), were linked to improved sleep outcomes. The authors posit that these effects may be due in part to dietary influences on serotonin and melatonin activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Binks
- Central Queensland University, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia;
| | - Grace E. Vincent
- Central Queensland University, Appleton Institute, Adelaide 5034, South Australia, Australia; (G.E.V.); (C.G.)
| | - Charlotte Gupta
- Central Queensland University, Appleton Institute, Adelaide 5034, South Australia, Australia; (G.E.V.); (C.G.)
| | - Christopher Irwin
- Griffith University, School of Allied Health Sciences, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Gold Coast 4222, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Saman Khalesi
- Central Queensland University, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences and Appleton Institute, Brisbane 4000, Queensland, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-7-3023-4153
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17
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Rosa GP, Tavares WR, Sousa PMC, Pagès AK, Seca AML, Pinto DCGA. Seaweed Secondary Metabolites with Beneficial Health Effects: An Overview of Successes in In Vivo Studies and Clinical Trials. Mar Drugs 2019; 18:E8. [PMID: 31861879 PMCID: PMC7024274 DOI: 10.3390/md18010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroalgae are increasingly viewed as a source of secondary metabolites with great potential for the development of new drugs. In this development, in vitro studies are only the first step in a long process, while in vivo studies and clinical trials are the most revealing stages of the true potential and limitations that a given metabolite may have as a new drug. This literature review aims to give a critical overview of the secondary metabolites that reveal the most interesting results in these two steps. Phlorotannins show great pharmaceutical potential in in vivo models and, among the several examples, the anti-dyslipidemia activity of dieckol must be highlighted because it was more effective than lovastatin in an in vivo model. The IRLIIVLMPILMA tridecapeptide that exhibits an in vivo level of activity similar to the hypotensive clinical drug captopril should still be stressed, as well as griffithsin which showed such stunning results over a variety of animal models and which will probably move onto clinical trials soon. Regarding clinical trials, studies with pure algal metabolites are scarce, limited to those carried out with kahalalide F and fucoxanthin. The majority of clinical trials currently aim to ascertain the effect of algae consumption, as extracts or fractions, on obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo P. Rosa
- cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group & University of Azores, Rua Mãe de Deus, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal;
| | - Wilson R. Tavares
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; (W.R.T.); (P.M.C.S.); (A.K.P.)
| | - Pedro M. C. Sousa
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; (W.R.T.); (P.M.C.S.); (A.K.P.)
| | - Aida K. Pagès
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; (W.R.T.); (P.M.C.S.); (A.K.P.)
| | - Ana M. L. Seca
- cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group & University of Azores, Rua Mãe de Deus, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal;
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diana C. G. A. Pinto
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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18
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Woo J, Yang H, Yoon M, Gadhe CG, Pae AN, Cho S, Lee CJ. 3-Carene, a Phytoncide from Pine Tree Has a Sleep-enhancing Effect by Targeting the GABA A-benzodiazepine Receptors. Exp Neurobiol 2019; 28:593-601. [PMID: 31698551 PMCID: PMC6844839 DOI: 10.5607/en.2019.28.5.593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
3-Carene, a bicyclic monoterpene, is one of the major components of the pine tree essential oils. It has been reported that, in addition to its known properties as a phytoncide, 3-carene has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anxiolytic effects. We have previously demonstrated that α-pinene, the major component of pine tree, has a hypnotic effect through GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors. However, a hypnotic effect of 3-carene has not been studied yet. Here, we report that oral administration of 3-carene increases the sleep duration and reduces sleep latency in pentobarbital- induced sleep test. 3-Carene potentiates the GABAA receptor-mediated synaptic responses by prolonging the decay time constant of inhibitory synaptic responses. These enhancing effects of 3-carene are reproduced by zolpidem, a modulator for GABAA-BZD receptor, and fully inhibited by flumazenil, an antagonist for GABAA-BZD receptor. The molecular docking of 3-carene to the BZD site of GABAA protein structure, suggests that 3-carene binds to the BZD site of α1 and ϒ2 subunits of GABAA-BZD receptor. These results indicate that, similar to α-pinene, 3-carene shows a sleep-enhancing effect by acting as a positive modulator for GABAA-BZD receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsung Woo
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Department of Neuroscience, Division of Bio- Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Hyejin Yang
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Minseok Yoon
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Changdev G Gadhe
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02791, Korea
| | - Ae Nim Pae
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02791, Korea
| | - Suengmok Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Department of Neuroscience, Division of Bio- Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea.,Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Korea
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19
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Kwon S, Jung JH, Cho S, Moon KD, Lee J. Dieckol is a natural positive allosteric modulator of GABAA-benzodiazepine receptors and enhances inhibitory synaptic activity in cultured neurons. Nutr Neurosci 2019; 24:835-842. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2019.1681089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sangoh Kwon
- S&D Research and Development Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Major in Food Biotechnology, School of Food Science & Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Jung
- Research group of Functional Food Materials, Division of Functional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Suengmok Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Deog Moon
- Major in Food Biotechnology, School of Food Science & Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekwang Lee
- Research group of Functional Food Materials, Division of Functional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
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20
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Zhang J, He Y, Jiang X, Jiang H, Shen J. Nature brings new avenues to the therapy of central nervous system diseases—An overview of possible treatments derived from natural products. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 62:1332-1367. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-9587-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Bridging the Reciprocal Gap between Sleep and Fruit and Vegetable Consumption: A Review of the Evidence, Potential Mechanisms, Implications, and Directions for Future Work. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061382. [PMID: 31248175 PMCID: PMC6627504 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A substantial burden of disease and mortality globally is attributable to both sleep disruption and low intakes of fruit and vegetable (FV) and there is increasing mechanistic and epidemiological evidence to support a reciprocal relationship between the two. This review provides an overview of experimental and observational studies assessing the relations between sleep and FV consumption from 52 human adult studies. Experimental studies are currently limited and show inconsistent results. Observational studies support a non-linear association with adults sleeping the recommended 7–9 hours/day having the highest intakes of FV. The potential mechanisms linking sleep and FV consumption are highlighted. Disrupted sleep influences FV consumption through homeostatic and non-homeostatic mechanisms. Conversely, FV consumption may influence sleep through polyphenol content via several potential pathways. Few human experimental studies have examined the effects of FV items and their polyphenols on sleep and there is a need for more studies to address this. An appreciation of the relationship between sleep and FV consumption may help optimize sleep and FV consumption and may reduce the burden of chronic diseases. This review provides implications for public health and directions for future work.
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A Standardized Phlorotannin Supplement Attenuates Caffeine-Induced Sleep Disruption in Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030556. [PMID: 30845636 PMCID: PMC6471389 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous studies, a standardized phlorotannin (brown seaweed polyphenol) supplement (PS) exhibited sleep-promoting effects via type A γ-aminobutyric acid-benzodiazepine receptors in mice. In addition, in human clinical trials, it decreased wake after sleep onset in adults with sleep disturbance. In this follow-up study, we investigated whether PS attenuates caffeine-induced sleep disruption in mice. The effects of PS were evaluated in a caffeine model by analyzing sleep architecture based on electroencephalogram and electromyogram findings, and were compared with the effects of a well-known sedative-hypnotic drug zolpidem (ZPD). As expected, oral administration of caffeine (25 mg/kg) significantly increased sleep latency and decreased the amount of non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS). In the caffeine + PS and caffeine + ZPD groups, PS (500 mg/kg) attenuated caffeine-induced sleep disruption, and its effects were comparable with those of ZPD (10 mg/kg). In particular, PS inhibited the arousal effects of caffeine without change in delta activity during NREMS, whereas ZPD produced a decrease in the delta activity. Considering global trends in coffee and energy drink consumption, our finding suggest that PS may be useful to relieve transitory insomnia symptoms caused by caffeine consumption, unlike the prescription drug ZPD.
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Abstract
Natural marine-derived compounds show excellent biological activities. Isolation, characterization and applications of marine derived compounds show a promising way to develop novel drugs to treat various diseases. Phlorotannins are one of the main compounds which are commonly isolated from the brown seaweeds. The structural unit of phlorotannins is made-up of polyphenolic units. Due to the unique structures, phlorotannins show a variety of biological activities such as antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antitumor, antidiabetics, radio protective, antiadipogenic, and anti-allergic effects. In the current chapter, we have discussed general information on phlorotannins, extraction procedure and their biological activities in detail. From the scientific literature, phlorotannins can be potentially useful in the development of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals.
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Tanna B, Mishra A. Metabolites Unravel Nutraceutical Potential of Edible Seaweeds: An Emerging Source of Functional Food. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:1613-1624. [PMID: 33350143 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Functional foods are nutritional compounds which also provide health and medicinal benefits. Daily food intake has much impact on the quality of life, and therefore inclusion of functional foods is now essential to our diet. Nutraceuticals are neither food nor drug but are added to food to provide extra nutritional and physiological properties. Though nutraceutical compounds provide minimal actions, their regular involvement in the diet can provide major and long-term health benefits. Global demand for additional and sustainable biomass for the production of important metabolites with nutraceutical potential has resulted in renewed interest in seaweeds. Seaweeds have been consumed from ancient times in Asian areas, and in recent times they have been demonstrated to possess many medicinal effects. Seaweeds are considered a rich source of various nutritional ingredients and metabolites that have pharmaceutical properties. It has been observed that total protein, from terrestrial plants such as soybean and wheat, produces an allergic response on consumption. Therefore, seaweed proteins can be considered a promising source for food industries. Overall, seaweeds are a rich source of PUFAs, metabolites, proteins, sulfated polysaccharides, vitamins, and minerals, which are all responsible for different bioactivities; they are therefore considered a promising functional food (nutraceutical). In this review we discuss the nutraceutical potential of seaweeds regarding different metabolites (primary and secondary), variation in composition, probable biological applications, limitations, research gaps, and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhakti Tanna
- Div. of Biotechnology and Phycology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Inst., G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India.,Acad. of Scientific and Innovative Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Avinash Mishra
- Div. of Biotechnology and Phycology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Inst., G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India.,Acad. of Scientific and Innovative Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India
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Triphlorethol A, a Dietary Polyphenol from Seaweed, Decreases Sleep Latency and Increases Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep in Mice. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16050139. [PMID: 29695101 PMCID: PMC5983271 DOI: 10.3390/md16050139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous studies, we have demonstrated that marine polyphenol phlorotannins promote sleep through the benzodiazepine site of the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors. In this follow-up study, the sleep-promoting effects of triphlorethol A, one of the major phlorotannin constituents, were investigated. The effect of triphlorethol A on sleep-wake architecture and profiles was evaluated based on electroencephalogram and electromyogram data from C57BL/6N mice and compared with the well-known hypnotic drug zolpidem. Oral administration of triphlorethol A (5, 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg) dose-dependently decreased sleep latency and increased sleep duration during pentobarbital-induced sleep in imprinting control region mice. Triphlorethol A (50 mg/kg) significantly decreased sleep latency and increased the amount of non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) in C57BL/6N mice, without affecting rapid eye movement sleep (REMS). There was no significant difference between the effects of triphlorethol A at 50 mg/kg and zolpidem at 10 mg/kg. Triphlorethol A had no effect on delta activity (0.5–4 Hz) of NREMS, whereas zolpidem significantly decreased it. These results not only support the sleep-promoting effects of marine polyphenol phlorotannins, but also suggest that the marine polyphenol compound triphlorethol A is a promising structure for developing novel sedative hypnotics.
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Urinary Metabolomic Study of Chlorogenic Acid in a Rat Model of Chronic Sleep Deprivation Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Int J Genomics 2018; 2018:1361402. [PMID: 29607310 PMCID: PMC5828092 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1361402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The urinary metabolomic study based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) had been developed to investigate the possible antidepressant mechanism of chlorogenic acid (CGA) in a rat model of sleep deprivation (SD). According to pattern recognition analysis, there was a clear separation among big platform group (BP), sleep deprivation group (SD), and the CGA (model + CGA), and CGA group was much closer to the BP group by showing a tendency of recovering towards BP group. Thirty-six significantly changed metabolites related to antidepressant by CGA were identified and used to explore the potential mechanism. Combined with the result of the classic behavioral tests and biochemical indices, CGA has significant antidepressant effects in a rat model of SD, suggesting that the mechanism of action of CGA might be involved in regulating the abnormal pathway of nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism; glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism; glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; and arginine and proline metabolism. Our results also show that metabolomics analysis based on GC-MS is a useful tool for exploring biomarkers involved in depression and elucidating the potential therapeutic mechanisms of Chinese medicine.
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Trzepizur W, Bironneau V, Recoquillon S, Priou P, Meslier N, Hamel JF, Henni S, Darsonval A, Messaoudi K, Martínez MC, Andriantsitohaina R, Gagnadoux F. Polyphenols Have No Impact on Endothelial Function in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr 2018; 148:581-586. [PMID: 29659956 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial dysfunction, a pathophysiologic determinant of atherogenesis, has been found to occur in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) and is improved by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). However, the efficacy of CPAP therapy is limited by variable adherence. Alternative treatment strategies are needed. The impact of polyphenols on endothelial function has never been evaluated in OSA. Objective We evaluated the impact of 1-mo supplementation with grape juice polyphenols (GJPs) on the reactive hyperemia index (RHI), a validated measure of endothelial function in patients with severe OSA. Methods Forty participants [75% men, median (IQR) age: 61 y (34, 64 y), BMI (in kg/m2): 30.6 (20.9, 33.7)] with severe OSA [median apnea-hypopnea index 43/h (33/h, 56/h)] were randomly assigned to receive GJPs (300 mg/d; n = 20) or placebo (n = 20) for 1 mo. The primary outcome was the change in RHI between baseline and after 1 mo of GJPs or placebo. Secondary outcome measures included changes in blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and polysomnographic indexes. Results No significant differences in RHI and BP outcomes were observed between the GJPs and placebo groups. A significant between-group difference was observed for HR changes [-1 bpm (-5, +5 bpm) in the GJPs group compared with +6 bpm (+3, +10 bpm) in the placebo group; P = 0.001]. A significant decrease in total sleep time was observed in the GJPs group compared with the placebo group [-10 min (-33, 6 min) compared with +15 min (-12, 40 min), respectively; P = 0.02], with no between-group differences in the distribution of sleep stages. Conclusions In participants with severe OSA and no overt cardiovascular disease, 1-mo GJP supplementation had no effect on endothelial function. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01977924.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Trzepizur
- Departments of Pneumology, Methodology and Biostatistics, Pharmacy, and Biochemistry and Genetics, Laboratory of Physiology and Vascular Explorations Vasculaires, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France.,Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques (SOPAM), UNIV Angers, University of Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - Vanessa Bironneau
- Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques (SOPAM), UNIV Angers, University of Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - Sylvain Recoquillon
- Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques (SOPAM), UNIV Angers, University of Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - Pascaline Priou
- Departments of Pneumology, Methodology and Biostatistics, Pharmacy, and Biochemistry and Genetics, Laboratory of Physiology and Vascular Explorations Vasculaires, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France.,Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques (SOPAM), UNIV Angers, University of Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - Nicole Meslier
- Departments of Pneumology, Methodology and Biostatistics, Pharmacy, and Biochemistry and Genetics, Laboratory of Physiology and Vascular Explorations Vasculaires, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France.,Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques (SOPAM), UNIV Angers, University of Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - Jean-François Hamel
- Departments of Methodology and Biostatistics, Pharmacy, and Biochemistry and Genetics, Laboratory of Physiology and Vascular Explorations Vasculaires, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Samir Henni
- Departments of Laboratory of Physiology and Vascular Explorations Vasculaires, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Astrid Darsonval
- Departments of Pharmacy, and Biochemistry and Genetics, Laboratory of Physiology and Vascular Explorations Vasculaires, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Khaled Messaoudi
- Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics, Laboratory of Physiology and Vascular Explorations Vasculaires, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Maria Carmen Martínez
- Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques (SOPAM), UNIV Angers, University of Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina
- Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques (SOPAM), UNIV Angers, University of Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - Frédéric Gagnadoux
- Departments of Pneumology, Methodology and Biostatistics, Pharmacy, and Biochemistry and Genetics, Laboratory of Physiology and Vascular Explorations Vasculaires, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France.,Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques (SOPAM), UNIV Angers, University of Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
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Um MY, Kim JY, Han JK, Kim J, Yang H, Yoon M, Kim J, Kang SW, Cho S. Phlorotannin supplement decreases wake after sleep onset in adults with self-reported sleep disturbance: A randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical and polysomnographic study. Phytother Res 2018; 32:698-704. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Young Um
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute; Seongnam South Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- College of Nursing; Seoul National University; Seoul South Korea
| | | | | | - Hyejin Yang
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute; Seongnam South Korea
| | - Minseok Yoon
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute; Seongnam South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute; Seongnam South Korea
| | - Seung Wan Kang
- College of Nursing; Seoul National University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Suengmok Cho
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute; Seongnam South Korea
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Cherasse Y, Urade Y. Dietary Zinc Acts as a Sleep Modulator. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112334. [PMID: 29113075 PMCID: PMC5713303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
While zinc is known to be important for many biological processes in animals at a molecular and physiological level, new evidence indicates that it may also be involved in the regulation of sleep. Recent research has concluded that zinc serum concentration varies with the amount of sleep, while orally administered zinc increases the amount and the quality of sleep in mice and humans. In this review, we provide an exhaustive study of the literature connecting zinc and sleep, and try to evaluate which molecular mechanism is likely to be involved in this phenomenon. A better understanding should provide critical information not only about the way zinc is related to sleep but also about how sleep itself works and what its real function is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoan Cherasse
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 305-8575 Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Urade
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 305-8575 Tsukuba, Japan.
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Koirala P, Jung HA, Choi JS. Recent advances in pharmacological research on Ecklonia species: a review. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 40:981-1005. [PMID: 28840539 PMCID: PMC7090987 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0948-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The genus Ecklonia (Lessoniaceae, Phaeophyceae), commonly called kelp (brown algae), is abundant on the coasts of Japan and Korea. During the past few decades, Ecklonia species have received tremendous attention for their wide range of therapeutic properties and multiple health benefits, such as great nutritional value and being rich in vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, proteins, and polysaccharides. Several novel functional ingredients with diversified biological activities have been isolated and possess antimicrobial, antiviral, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anticarcinogenic, immunomodulatory, hypolipidemic, anti-diabetic, and antioxidant therapeutic properties. The present review discusses the phytochemical, pharmacological, therapeutic, nutritional, and health benefits of different species of genus Ecklonia, as well as their use in the prevention of disease and maintenance of good health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashamsa Koirala
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.
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Octacosanol restores stress-affected sleep in mice by alleviating stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8892. [PMID: 28827687 PMCID: PMC5566941 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08874-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Octacosanol, a component of various food materials, possesses prominent biological activities and functions. It fights against cellular stress by increasing glutathione level and thus scavenging oxygen reactive species. However, its anti-stress activity and role in sleep induction remained elusive. We hypothesize that octacosanol can restore stress-affected sleep by mitigating stress. Cage change strategy was used to induce mild stress and sleep disturbance in mice, and effects of octacosanol administration on amount of sleep and stress were investigated. Results showed that octacosanol did not change rapid eye movement (REM) or non-REM (NREM) sleep compared to vehicle in normal mice. However, in cage change experiment, octacosanol induces significant increase in NREM sleep at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg (75.7 ± 14.9 and 82.7 ± 9.3 min/5 h) compared to vehicle (21.2 ± 5.1 min/5 h), and decreased sleep latency. Octacosanol induced sleep by increasing number of sleep episodes and decreasing wake episode duration. Plasma corticosterone levels were significantly reduced after octacosanol (200 mg/kg) administration, suggesting a decrease in stress level. Octacosanol-induced changes in sleep-wake parameters in stressed-mice were comparable to the values in normal mice. Together, these data clearly showed that, though octacosanol does not alter normal sleep, it clearly alleviates stress and restore stress-affected sleep.
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Yoon M, Kim JS, Um MY, Yang H, Kim J, Kim YT, Lee C, Kim SB, Kwon S, Cho S. Extraction Optimization for Phlorotannin Recovery from the Edible Brown Seaweed Ecklonia Cava. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2017.1313348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Minseok Yoon
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Um
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Yang
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Tai Kim
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Changho Lee
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Bong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangoh Kwon
- S&D Research and Development Institute, Osong, Republic of Korea
| | - Suengmok Cho
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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Zhang Z, Wang HJ, Wang DR, Qu WM, Huang ZL. Red light at intensities above 10 lx alters sleep-wake behavior in mice. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2017; 6:e16231. [PMID: 30167247 PMCID: PMC6062196 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2016.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is regulated by two mechanisms: the homeostatic process and the circadian clock. Light affects sleep and alertness by entraining the circadian clock, and acutely inducing sleep/alertness, in a manner mediated by intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. Because intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells are believed to be minimally sensitive to red light, which is widely used for illumination to reduce the photic disturbance to nocturnal animals during the dark phase. However, the appropriate intensity of the red light is unknown. In the present study, we recorded electroencephalograms and electromyograms of freely moving mice to investigate the effects of red light emitted by light-emitting diodes at different intensities and for different durations on the sleep-wake behavior of mice. White light was used as a control. Unexpectedly, red light exerted potent sleep-inducing effects and changed the sleep architecture in terms of the duration and number of sleep episodes, the stage transition, and the EEG power density when the intensity was >20 lx. Subsequently, we lowered the light intensity and demonstrated that red light at or below 10 lx did not affect sleep-wake behavior. White light markedly induced sleep and disrupted sleep architecture even at an intensity as low as 10 lx. Our findings highlight the importance of limiting the intensity of red light (⩽10 lx) to avoid optical influence in nocturnal behavioral experiments, particularly in the field of sleep and circadian research.
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Kaushik MK, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R, Yanagisawa M, Urade Y. Triethylene glycol, an active component of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) leaves, is responsible for sleep induction. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172508. [PMID: 28207892 PMCID: PMC5313221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insomnia is the most common sleep complaint which occurs due to difficulty in falling asleep or maintaining it. Most of currently available drugs for insomnia develop dependency and/or adverse effects. Hence natural therapies could be an alternative choice of treatment for insomnia. The root or whole plant extract of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) has been used to induce sleep in Indian system of traditional home medicine, Ayurveda. However, its active somnogenic components remain unidentified. We investigated the effect of various components of Ashwagandha leaf on sleep regulation by oral administration in mice. We found that the alcoholic extract that contained high amount of active withanolides was ineffective to induce sleep in mice. However, the water extract which contain triethylene glycol as a major component induced significant amount of non-rapid eye movement sleep with slight change in rapid eye movement sleep. Commercially available triethylene glycol also increased non-rapid eye movement sleep in mice in a dose-dependent (10–30 mg/mouse) manner. These results clearly demonstrated that triethylene glycol is an active sleep-inducing component of Ashwagandha leaves and could potentially be useful for insomnia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh K. Kaushik
- Department of Molecular Sleep, International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail: (MKK); (YU)
| | - Sunil C. Kaul
- Drug Discovery and Assets Innovation Lab, DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Renu Wadhwa
- Drug Discovery and Assets Innovation Lab, DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masashi Yanagisawa
- Department of Molecular Genetics, International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Urade
- Department of Molecular Sleep, International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail: (MKK); (YU)
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Yang H, Woo J, Pae AN, Um MY, Cho NC, Park KD, Yoon M, Kim J, Lee CJ, Cho S. α-Pinene, a Major Constituent of Pine Tree Oils, Enhances Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep in Mice through GABAA-benzodiazepine Receptors. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 90:530-539. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.105080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Oishi Y, Takata Y, Taguchi Y, Kohtoh S, Urade Y, Lazarus M. Polygraphic Recording Procedure for Measuring Sleep in Mice. J Vis Exp 2016:e53678. [PMID: 26863349 PMCID: PMC4781694 DOI: 10.3791/53678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recording of the epidural electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) in small animals, like mice and rats, has been pivotal to study the homeodynamics and circuitry of sleep-wake regulation. In many laboratories, a cable-based sleep recording system is used to monitor the EEG and EMG in freely behaving mice in combination with computer software for automatic scoring of the vigilance states on the basis of power spectrum analysis of EEG data. A description of this system is detailed herein. Steel screws are implanted over the frontal cortical area and the parietal area of 1 hemisphere for monitoring EEG signals. In addition, EMG activity is monitored by the bilateral placement of wires in both neck muscles. Non-rapid eye movement (Non-REM; NREM) sleep is characterized by large, slow brain waves with delta activity below 4 Hz in the EEG, whereas a shift from low-frequency delta activity to a rapid low-voltage EEG in the theta range between 6 and 10 Hz can be observed at the transition from NREM to REM sleep. By contrast, wakefulness is identified by low- to moderate-voltage brain waves in the EEG trace and significant EMG activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Oishi
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba
| | - Yohko Takata
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba
| | - Yujiro Taguchi
- Public Sector/Medical Solutions, Kissei Comtech Co., Ltd
| | - Sayaka Kohtoh
- Public Sector/Medical Solutions, Kissei Comtech Co., Ltd
| | - Yoshihiro Urade
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba
| | - Michael Lazarus
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba;
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