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Gerstl F, Loessl M, Borggraefe V, Baeumner AJ. Multiplexed electrochemical liposomes applied to the detection of nucleic acids for Influenza A, Influenza B and SARS-CoV-2. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:3487-3500. [PMID: 38240795 PMCID: PMC11156727 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05145-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Multiplexing is a relevant strategy for biosensors to improve accuracy and decision-making due to the increased amount of simultaneously obtained information. Liposomes offer unique benefits for label-based multiplexing since a variety of different marker molecules can be encapsulated, leading to intrinsic signal amplification and enabling a variety of detection formats. We successfully developed an electrochemical (EC) liposome-based platform technology for the simultaneous detection of at least three analytes by studying parameters to ensure specific and sensitive bioassay performance. Influenza A and B and SARS-CoV-2 sequences served as model system in a standard sandwich hybridization assay. Studies included encapsulants, probe distribution on liposomes and capture beads, assay setup and interferences between liposomes to also ensure a generalization of the platform. Ruthenium hexamine(III), potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) and m-carboxy luminol, when encapsulated separately into a liposome, provided desirable long-term stability of at least 12 months and no cross-signals between liposomes. Through the optimization process, low limits of detections of 1.6 nmol L-1, 125 pmol L-1 and 130 pmol L-1, respectively, were achieved in a multiplexed assay setup, which were similar to singleplex assays. Non-specific interactions were limited to 25.1%, 7.6% and 7.5%, respectively, through sequential liposome incubations and singleplex capture bead designs. Here, ruthenium hexamine liposomes had only mediocre performance so that low overall signal strength translated into higher LODs and worse specificity. A different marker such as ferroin may be an option in the future. The identification of further electrochemical markers will provide new opportunities for liposomes to function as multiplex, orthogonal or internal standard labels in electrochemical bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Gerstl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Loessl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Veronika Borggraefe
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Antje J Baeumner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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Vealan K, Joseph N, Alimat S, Karumbati AS, Thilakavathy K. Lateral flow assay: a promising rapid point-of-care testing tool for infections and non-communicable diseases. ASIAN BIOMED 2023; 17:250-266. [PMID: 38161347 PMCID: PMC10754503 DOI: 10.2478/abm-2023-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The point-of-care testing (POCT) approach has established itself as having remarkable importance in diagnosing various infectious and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The POCT approach has succeeded in meeting the current demand for having diagnostic strategies that can provide fast, sensitive, and highly accurate test results without involving complicated procedures. This has been accomplished by introducing rapid bioanalytical tools or biosensors such as lateral flow assays (LFAs). The production cost of these tools is very low, allowing developing countries with limited resources to utilize them or produce them on their own. Thus, their use has grown in various fields in recent years. More importantly, LFAs have created the possibility for a new era of incorporating nanotechnology in disease diagnosis and have already attained significant commercial success worldwide, making POCT an essential approach not just for now but also for the future. In this review, we have provided an overview of POCT and its evolution into the most promising rapid diagnostic approach. We also elaborate on LFAs with a special focus on nucleic acid LFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaravel Vealan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang43400, Malaysia
| | - Narcisse Joseph
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang43400, Malaysia
| | - Sharizah Alimat
- Department of Chemistry Malaysia, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Petaling Jaya46661, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Anandi S. Karumbati
- Centre for Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore560065, India
| | - Karuppiah Thilakavathy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang43400, Malaysia
- Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing (MyAgeing), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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3
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Perju A, Holzhausen F, Lauerer AM, Wongkaew N, Baeumner AJ. Flow-Through Carbon Nanofiber-Based Transducer for Inline Electrochemical Detection in Paper-Based Analytical Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:44641-44653. [PMID: 37704205 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care (POC) devices are rapid, simple, portable, inexpensive, and convenient, but typically they only deliver qualitative results when used in the form of a lateral flow assay (LFA). Electrochemical detection could improve their sensitivity and ensure quantitative detection; however, a breakthrough in material-based technology is needed. We demonstrate a new concept in which electrodes are directly embedded within the lateral flow, enabling flow-through and hence interaction with the entire sample. This is accomplished through laser-induced carbon nanofibers (LCNFs) made by electrospinning Matrimid into nanofiber mats with subsequent pyrolyzing of electrode structures through a CO2 laser. Their highly porous 3D structure and superior graphene-like electrochemical properties are ideally suited for flow-through electrochemical LFA (EC-LFA), where the LCNFs are simply added in line with the other membranes. After optimization of the setup, biological binding assays typical for LFA diagnostics were successfully implemented, enabling the highly sensitive and quantitative detection of 137 pM DNA target sequences of a pathogenic organism that rivals the performance of pump-controlled microfluidic bioassays. This demonstrates that LCNF-based transducers can transform paper-based diagnostic tests to enable precise, quantitative analysis without reliance on cost-intensive read-out systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Perju
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Holzhausen
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Lauerer
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nongnoot Wongkaew
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Antje J Baeumner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Rink S, Kaiser B, Steiner MS, Duerkop A, Baeumner AJ. Highly sensitive interleukin 6 detection by employing commercially ready liposomes in an LFA format. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:3231-3241. [PMID: 34773470 PMCID: PMC8590136 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03750-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have confirmed the ubiquitous applicability of lateral flow assays (LFA) in point-of-care testing (POCT). To make this technology available for low abundance analytes, strategies towards lower limits of detections (LOD), while maintaining the LFA’s ease of use, are still being sought. Here, we demonstrate how liposomes can significantly improve the LOD of traditional gold nanoparticle (AuNP)–based assays while fully supporting a ready-to-use system for commercial application. We fine-tuned liposomes towards photometric and fluorescence performance on the synthesis level and applied them in an established interleukin 6 (IL-6) immunoassay normally using commercial AuNP labels. IL-6’s low abundance (< 10 pg mL−1) and increasing relevance as prognostic marker for infections make it an ideal model analyte. It was found that liposomes with a high encapsulant load (150 mmol L−1 sulforhodamine B (SRB)) easily outperform AuNPs in photometric LFAs. Specifically, liposomes with 350 nm in diameter yield a lower LOD even in complex matrices such as human serum below the clinically relevant range (7 pg mL−1) beating AuNP by over an order of magnitude (81 pg mL−1). When dehydrated on the strip, liposomes maintained their signal performance for over a year even when stored at ambient temperature and indicate extraordinary stability of up to 8 years when stored as liquid. Whereas no LOD improvement was obtained by exploiting the liposomes’ fluorescence, an extraordinary gain in signal intensity was achieved upon lysis which is a promising feature for high-resolution and low-cost detection devices. Minimizing the procedural steps by inherently fluorescent liposomes, however, is not feasible. Finally, liposomes are ready for commercial applications as they are easy to mass-produce and can simply be substituted for the ubiquitously used AuNPs in the POCT market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Rink
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Kaiser
- Microcoat Biotechnologie GmbH, 82347, Bernried am Starnberger See, Germany
| | | | - Axel Duerkop
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Antje J Baeumner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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Liu H, You Y, Zhu Y, Zheng H. Recent advances in the exonuclease III-assisted target signal amplification strategy for nucleic acid detection. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:5103-5119. [PMID: 34664562 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01275d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The detection of nucleic acids has become significantly important in molecular diagnostics, gene therapy, mutation analysis, forensic investigations and biomedical development, and so on. In recent years, exonuclease III (Exo III) as an enzyme in the 3'-5' exonuclease family has evolved as a frequently used technique for signal amplification of low level DNA target detection. Different from the traditional target amplification strategies, the Exo III-assisted amplification strategy has been used for target DNA detection through directly amplifying the amounts of signal reagents. The Exo III-assisted amplification strategy has its unique advantages and characters, because the character of non-specific recognition of Exo III can overcome the limitation of a target-to-probe ratio of 1 : 1 in the traditional nucleic acid hybridization assay and acquire higher sensitivity. In this review, we selectively discuss the recent advances in the Exo III-assisted amplification strategy, including the amplification strategy integrated with nanomaterials, biosensors, hairpin probes and other nucleic acid detection methods. We also discuss the strengths and limitations of each strategy and methods to overcome the limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Yuhao You
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Youzhuo Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Heng Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.
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Ozer T, Henry CS. Paper-based analytical devices for virus detection: Recent strategies for current and future pandemics. Trends Analyt Chem 2021; 144:116424. [PMID: 34462612 PMCID: PMC8387141 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The importance of user-friendly, inexpensive, sensitive, and selective detection of viruses has been highlighted again due to the recent Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Among the analytical tools, paper-based devices (PADs) have become a leading alternative for point-of-care (POC) testing. In this review, we discuss the recent development strategies and applications in nucleic acid-based, antibody/antigen-based and other affinity-based PADs using optical and electrochemical detection methods for sensing viruses. In addition, advantages and drawbacks of presented PADs are identified. Current state and insights towards future perspectives are presented regarding developing POC diagnosis platform for COVID-19. This review considers state-of-the-art technologies for further development and improvement in PADs performance for virus detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Ozer
- Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Chemical-Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, 34220, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Charles S Henry
- Colorado State University, Department of Chemistry, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Colorado State University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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7
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Khandan-Nasab N, Askarian S, Mohammadinejad A, Aghaee-Bakhtiari SH, Mohajeri T, Kazemi Oskuee R. Biosensors, microfluidics systems and lateral flow assays for circulating microRNA detection: A review. Anal Biochem 2021; 633:114406. [PMID: 34619101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNA sequences found in eukaryotic cells and they are involved in several diseases pathogenesis including different types of cancers, metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Thus, miRNAs circulating in serum, plasma, and other body fluids are employed as biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic purposes and in assessment of drug response. Thus, various methods have been developed for detection of miRNAs including northern blotting, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), next-generation sequencing, microarray, and isothermal amplification that are recognized as traditional methods. Considering the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of miRNAs-related diseases, development of simple, one-step, sensitive methods is of great interest. Nowadays developing technologies including lateral flow assay, biosensors (optical and electrochemical) and microfluidic systems which are simple fast responding, user-friendly, and are enabled with visible detection have gained considerable attention. This review briefly discusses miRNAs detection' methods, with a particular focus on lateral flow assay, biosensors, and microfluidic systems as novel and practical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Khandan-Nasab
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Askarian
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Arash Mohammadinejad
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamid Aghaee-Bakhtiari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Bioinformatics Research Group, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Taraneh Mohajeri
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Mashhad Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Kazemi Oskuee
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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8
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Perju A, Wongkaew N. Integrating high-performing electrochemical transducers in lateral flow assay. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021. [PMID: 33913001 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03301-y/published] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are the best-performing and best-known point-of-care tests worldwide. Over the last decade, they have experienced an increasing interest by researchers towards improving their analytical performance while maintaining their robust assay platform. Commercially, visual and optical detection strategies dominate, but it is especially the research on integrating electrochemical (EC) approaches that may have a chance to significantly improve an LFA's performance that is needed in order to detect analytes reliably at lower concentrations than currently possible. In fact, EC-LFAs offer advantages in terms of quantitative determination, low-cost, high sensitivity, and even simple, label-free strategies. Here, the various configurations of EC-LFAs published are summarized and critically evaluated. In short, most of them rely on applying conventional transducers, e.g., screen-printed electrode, to ensure reliability of the assay, and additional advances are afforded by the beneficial features of nanomaterials. It is predicted that these will be further implemented in EC-LFAs as high-performance transducers. Considering the low cost of point-of-care devices, it becomes even more important to also identify strategies that efficiently integrate nanomaterials into EC-LFAs in a high-throughput manner while maintaining their favorable analytical performance. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Perju
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nongnoot Wongkaew
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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9
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Nucleic acid lateral flow assay for simultaneous detection of hygiene indicator bacteria. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:5003-5011. [PMID: 34132819 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03462-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A simple and rapid polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based lateral flow assay (LFA) was developed for multiplex detection of hygiene indicator bacteria. Specifically, new PCR primers were designed for accurately detecting Escherichia coli, coliform bacteria, and total bacteria, and the results obtained as a colorimetric signal (generated by the accumulation of gold nanoparticles at distinct test zones on flow strips) could be identified by the naked eye in <10 min after the completion of PCR. The proposed LFA system did not exhibit any cross-reactivities with 8 distinct bacterial strains and can detect down to 1 colony forming unit (CFU)/mL. Furthermore, three species of cultured bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) inoculated onto sterilized ham were successfully analyzed using the LFA system, which demonstrated that this system shows sufficient sensitivity and specificity for food hygiene monitoring. The speed and simplicity of this LFA make it suitable for use in the food industry as part of routine screening analysis.
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Perju A, Wongkaew N. Integrating high-performing electrochemical transducers in lateral flow assay. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:5535-5549. [PMID: 33913001 PMCID: PMC8410735 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03301-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are the best-performing and best-known point-of-care tests worldwide. Over the last decade, they have experienced an increasing interest by researchers towards improving their analytical performance while maintaining their robust assay platform. Commercially, visual and optical detection strategies dominate, but it is especially the research on integrating electrochemical (EC) approaches that may have a chance to significantly improve an LFA’s performance that is needed in order to detect analytes reliably at lower concentrations than currently possible. In fact, EC-LFAs offer advantages in terms of quantitative determination, low-cost, high sensitivity, and even simple, label-free strategies. Here, the various configurations of EC-LFAs published are summarized and critically evaluated. In short, most of them rely on applying conventional transducers, e.g., screen-printed electrode, to ensure reliability of the assay, and additional advances are afforded by the beneficial features of nanomaterials. It is predicted that these will be further implemented in EC-LFAs as high-performance transducers. Considering the low cost of point-of-care devices, it becomes even more important to also identify strategies that efficiently integrate nanomaterials into EC-LFAs in a high-throughput manner while maintaining their favorable analytical performance. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Perju
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nongnoot Wongkaew
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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Liu Y, Zhan L, Qin Z, Sackrison J, Bischof JC. Ultrasensitive and Highly Specific Lateral Flow Assays for Point-of-Care Diagnosis. ACS NANO 2021; 15:3593-3611. [PMID: 33607867 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are paper-based point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tools that are widely used because of their low cost, ease of use, and rapid format. Unfortunately, traditional commercial LFAs have significantly poorer sensitivities (μM) and specificities than standard laboratory tests (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA: pM-fM; polymerase chain reaction, PCR: aM), thus limiting their impact in disease control. In this Perspective, we review the evolving efforts to increase the sensitivity and specificity of LFAs. Recent work to improve the sensitivity through assay improvement includes optimization of the assay kinetics and signal amplification by either reader systems or additional reagents. Together, these efforts have produced LFAs with ELISA-level sensitivities (pM-fM). In addition, sample preamplification can be applied to both nucleic acids (direct amplification) and other analytes (indirect amplification) prior to LFA testing, which can lead to PCR-level (aM) sensitivity. However, these amplification strategies also increase the detection time and assay complexity, which inhibits the large-scale POC use of LFAs. Perspectives to achieve future rapid (<30 min), ultrasensitive (PCR-level), and "sample-to-answer" POC diagnostics are also provided. In the case of LFA specificity, recent research efforts have focused on high-affinity molecules and assay optimization to reduce nonspecific binding. Furthermore, novel highly specific molecules, such as CRISPR/Cas systems, can be integrated into diagnosis with LFAs to produce not only ultrasensitive but also highly specific POC diagnostics. In summary, with continuing improvements, LFAs may soon offer performance at the POC that is competitive with laboratory techniques while retaining a rapid format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Li Zhan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Zhenpeng Qin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080 United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - James Sackrison
- 3984 Hunters Hill Way, Minnetonka, Minnesota 55345, United States
| | - John C Bischof
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Director, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Panferov VG, Safenkova IV, Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB. Methods for Increasing Sensitivity of Immunochromatographic Test Systems with Colorimetric Detection (Review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683821020113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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13
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Tutorial: design and fabrication of nanoparticle-based lateral-flow immunoassays. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:3788-3816. [PMID: 33097926 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-0357-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lateral-flow assays (LFAs) are quick, simple and cheap assays to analyze various samples at the point of care or in the field, making them one of the most widespread biosensors currently available. They have been successfully employed for the detection of a myriad of different targets (ranging from atoms up to whole cells) in all type of samples (including water, blood, foodstuff and environmental samples). Their operation relies on the capillary flow of the sample throughout a series of sequential pads, each with different functionalities aiming to generate a signal to indicate the absence/presence (and, in some cases, the concentration) of the analyte of interest. To have a user-friendly operation, their development requires the optimization of multiple, interconnected parameters that may overwhelm new developers. In this tutorial, we provide the readers with: (i) the basic knowledge to understand the principles governing an LFA and to take informed decisions during lateral flow strip design and fabrication, (ii) a roadmap for optimal LFA development independent of the specific application, (iii) a step-by-step example procedure for the assembly and operation of an LF strip for the detection of human IgG and (iv) an extensive troubleshooting section addressing the most frequent issues in designing, assembling and using LFAs. By changing only the receptors, the provided example procedure can easily be adapted for cost-efficient detection of a broad variety of targets.
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Chen Y, Zhang L, Xu L, Guo X, Yang H, Zhuang L, Li Y, Wang Z, Gu B. Rapid and sensitive detection of Shigella flexneri using fluorescent microspheres as label for immunochromatographic test strip. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:565. [PMID: 31807546 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.09.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Bacillary dysentery caused by Shigella genus is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In China, the popular strain was mainly Shigella flexneri (S. flexneri). Therefore, fluorescent microspheres (FMs)-based immunochromatographic test strip (ICTS), as a novel, reliable, sensitive and uncomplicated method, was evaluated to detect S. flexneri. Methods Sixty-three clinical samples of S. flexneri were collected in this paper. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with FMs-ICTS based on magnetic purification assay was developed for the quantitative detection of Shigella. And the genus-specific gene of ipaH and drug resistant gene of CTX-M-9 from Shigella were selected to investigate the potential of this new method. The sensitivity and specificity of this method were demonstrated by classical microbiological methods (API Coryne System), PCR assay based on agarose gel electrophoresis (PCR-GE) and the real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RTFQ-PCR) method. Results Under optimized conditions, the lower detection limits of PCR-ICTS, PCR-GE and RTFQ-PCR were 2.5×10-7, 2.5×10-5 and the 3.2×10-7 ng/µL, respectively. Experiments demonstrated the PCR-ICTS has a diagnostic agreement of 100% with conventional PCR and RTFQ-PCR on detection of clinical samples and could correctly recognize Shigella and non-Shigella from different microbial samples. After the purification of PCR products with Silicon coated magnetic nanoparticles (Si-MNPs), the false positive results were removed because of the strong screening ability of the purification process. Our results showed that FM-based ICTS was promising for measurable and sensitive detection of S. flexneri within 3 h. Conclusions The results from immunochromatographic test were agreement with those from API Coryne system and RTFQ-PCR. Hence, this developed method might be useful for screening and monitoring clinical sample of S. flexneri, due to its speed, non-poisonous, simplicity and low-cost and helpful for promoting the prevention and control of communicable diseases caused by enteric pathogens such as S. flexneri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Linyan Zhang
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Ling Xu
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xinjian Guo
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Huan Yang
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Linlin Zhuang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.,Nanjing Nanoeast biotech Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Bing Gu
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
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15
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Lopez A, Liu J. DNA Oligonucleotide-Functionalized Liposomes: Bioconjugate Chemistry, Biointerfaces, and Applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:15000-15013. [PMID: 29936848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Interfacing DNA with liposomes has produced a diverse range of programmable soft materials, devices, and drug delivery vehicles. By simply controlling liposomal composition, bilayer fluidity, lipid domain formation, and surface charge can be systematically varied. Recent development in DNA research has produced not only sophisticated nanostructures but also new functions including ligand binding and catalysis. For noncationic liposomes, a DNA is typically covalently linked to a hydrophobic or lipid moiety that can be inserted into lipid membranes. In this article, we discuss fundamental biointerfaces formed between DNA and noncationic liposomes. The methods to prepare such conjugates and the interactions at the membrane interfaces are also discussed. The effect of DNA lateral diffusion on fluid bilayer membranes and the effect of membrane on DNA assembly are emphasized. DNA hybridization can be programmed to promote fusion of lipid membranes. Representative applications of this conjugate for drug delivery, biosensor development, and directed assembly of materials are briefly described toward the end. Some future research directions are also proposed to further understand this biointerface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Lopez
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Ontario N2L 3G1 , Canada
| | - Juewen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Ontario N2L 3G1 , Canada
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16
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Song S, Choi S, Ryu S, Kim S, Kim T, Shin J, Jung HI, Joo C. Highly sensitive paper-based immunoassay using photothermal laser speckle imaging. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 117:385-391. [PMID: 29960270 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Paper-based lateral-flow assay (LFA) is a simple and inexpensive point-of-care device that has become commonplace in medicine, environmental monitoring, and over-the-counter personal use. Some LFAs have demonstrated comparable analytical performance with laboratory-based methods, but the detection limit or sensitivity of most LFAs is significantly inferior to other molecular techniques by 10-100 × . Consequently, LFAs are not viable for the early detection of disease-relevant biomarkers that are present in extremely small amounts in clinical specimens. Herein, we present a simple, cost-effective, and highly sensitive LFA sensor based on photothermal laser speckle imaging (PT-LSI). Under the illumination of a photothermal excitation light, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), a common signal transduction medium in LFAs, absorb the light energy to produce heat, which subsequently induces modulation of the optical property and thermal deformation of the membrane. We measured these fluctuations through laser speckle imaging to quantify the concentration of AuNP-biomarker complexes. We experimentally demonstrate that the detection limit of our technique is superior to that of colorimetric detector by 68-125 × . The capability of our sensor for highly sensitive detection of disease biomarkers is validated by using U.S. FDA-approved LFA kits for cryptococcal antigens (CrAg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungri Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyeon Choi
- Mirimedix Inc., 43, Geodudanji 1-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Suho Ryu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Soocheol Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Tongwha Kim
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Joonchul Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Il Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulmin Joo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Banerjee R, Jaiswal A. Recent advances in nanoparticle-based lateral flow immunoassay as a point-of-care diagnostic tool for infectious agents and diseases. Analyst 2018; 143:1970-1996. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00307f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in lateral flow immunoassay-based devices as a point-of-care analytical tool for the detection of infectious diseases are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruptanu Banerjee
- School of Basic Sciences
- Indian Institute of Technology Mandi
- Mandi-175005
- India
| | - Amit Jaiswal
- School of Basic Sciences
- Indian Institute of Technology Mandi
- Mandi-175005
- India
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18
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Adenosine Triphosphate-Encapsulated Liposomes with Plasmonic Nanoparticles for Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering-Based Immunoassays. SENSORS 2017. [PMID: 28644380 PMCID: PMC5539552 DOI: 10.3390/s17071480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we prepared adenosine triphosphate (ATP) encapsulated liposomes, and assessed their applicability for the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based assays with gold-silver alloy (Au@Ag)-assembled silica nanoparticles (NPs; SiO₂@Au@Ag). The liposomes were prepared by the thin film hydration method from a mixture of l-α-phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and PE-PEG2000 in chloroform; evaporating the solvent, followed by hydration of the resulting thin film with ATP in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Upon lysis of the liposome, the SERS intensity of the SiO₂@Au@Ag NPs increased with the logarithm of number of ATP-encapsulated liposomes after lysis in the range of 8 × 10⁶ to 8 × 1010. The detection limit of liposome was calculated to be 1.3 × 10-17 mol. The successful application of ATP-encapsulated liposomes to SiO₂@Au@Ag NPs based SERS analysis has opened a new avenue for Raman label chemical (RCL)-encapsulated liposome-enhanced SERS-based immunoassays.
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19
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Dual-Labeled PCR-Based Immunofluorescent Assay for the Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Enterotoxic Staphylococcus aureus Using Cocktail-Sized Liposomal Nanovesicles as Signal Enhancer. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0893-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Fraser S, Shih JY, Ware M, O'Connor E, Cameron MJ, Schwickart M, Zhao X, Regnstrom K. Current Trends in Ligand Binding Real-Time Measurement Technologies. AAPS JOURNAL 2017; 19:682-691. [PMID: 28321830 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-017-0067-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Numerous advances in ligand binding assay (LBA) real-time measurement technologies have been made within the last several years, ranging from the development of novel platforms to drive technology expansion to the adaptation of existing platforms to optimize performance and throughput. In this review, we have chosen to focus on technologies that provide increased value to two distinct segments of the LBA community. First, experimentally, by measuring real-time binding events, these technologies provide data that can be used to interrogate receptor/ligand binding interactions. While overall the platforms are not new, they have made significant advances in throughput, multiplexing, and/or sensitivity. Second, clinically, these point-of-care (POC) technologies provide instantaneous information which facilitates rapid treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judy Y Shih
- Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California, 91320, USA
| | - Mark Ware
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania, 19477, USA
| | - Edward O'Connor
- AegisBioconsult, 78 Marbern Dr., Suffield, Connecticut, 06078, USA
| | - Mark J Cameron
- Lumigen, 22900 8 Mile Road, Southfield, Michigan, 48033, USA
| | - Martin Schwickart
- MedImmune, 319 N. Bernardo Ave, Mountain View, California, 94043, USA
| | - Xuemei Zhao
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey, 07065, USA
| | - Karin Regnstrom
- Boehringer Ingelheim, 6701 Kaiser Drive, Fremont, California, 94555, USA
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21
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Abstract
Clinical and environmental analyses frequently necessitate rapid, simple, and inexpensive point-of-care or field tests. These semiquantitative tests may be later followed up by confirmatory laboratory-based assays, but provide an initial scenario assessment important for resource mobilization and threat confinement. Lateral-flow assays (LFAs) and dip-stick assays, which are typically antibody-based and yield a visually detectable signal, provide an assay format suiting these applications extremely well. Signal generation is commonly obtained through the use of colloidal gold or latex beads, which yield a colored band either directly proportional or inversely proportional to the concentration of the analyte of interest. Here, dye-encapsulating liposomes as a highly visible alternative are discussed. The semiquantitative LFA biosensor described in this chapter relies on a sandwich immunoassay for the detection of myoglobin in whole blood. After an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) event, several cardiac markers are released into the blood, the most common of which are troponin, creatine kinase MB, C-reactive protein, and myoglobin. Due to its early release, myoglobin has value as an indicator of a recent heart attack amongst conditions which present with similar symptoms and its lack of elevation can effectively rule out a heart attack (Brogan et al., Ann Emerg Med 24:665-671, 1994). The assay described within relies on sandwich complex formation between a membrane immobilized capture monoclonal antibody against myoglobin, a detector biotinylated monoclonal antibody against a different epitope on myoglobin, and streptavidin-conjugated visible dye (sulforhodamine B)-encapsulating liposomes to allow for signal generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Edwards
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 140 Riley-Robb Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ricki Korff
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 140 Riley-Robb Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Antje J Baeumner
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 140 Riley-Robb Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
- Institute for Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany.
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22
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Gong X, Cai J, Zhang B, Zhao Q, Piao J, Peng W, Gao W, Zhou D, Zhao M, Chang J. A review of fluorescent signal-based lateral flow immunochromatographic strips. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:5079-5091. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01049d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent signal-based lateral flow immunochromatographic strips (FLFICS) have received great expectations since they combine the quantitative sensitivity of fluorescence analysis and the simplicity, rapidness, and portability of a common lateral flow immunochromatographic strip (LFICS).
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23
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24
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Improving impedimetric nucleic acid detection by using enzyme-decorated liposomes and nanostructured screen-printed electrodes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:7271-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9593-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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25
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Fenzl C, Genslein C, Domonkos C, Edwards KA, Hirsch T, Baeumner AJ. Investigating non-specific binding to chemically engineered sensor surfaces using liposomes as models. Analyst 2016; 141:5265-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an00820h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Clever surface engineering strategies lead to the minimization of non-specific binding of liposomes to sensor substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Fenzl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry
- Chemo- and Biosensors
- University of Regensburg
- 93053 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - C. Genslein
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry
- Chemo- and Biosensors
- University of Regensburg
- 93053 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - C. Domonkos
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- Budapest
- Hungary
| | - K. A. Edwards
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
| | - T. Hirsch
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry
- Chemo- and Biosensors
- University of Regensburg
- 93053 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - A. J. Baeumner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry
- Chemo- and Biosensors
- University of Regensburg
- 93053 Regensburg
- Germany
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26
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Quesada-González D, Merkoçi A. Nanoparticle-based lateral flow biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 73:47-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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27
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Fenzl C, Hirsch T, Baeumner AJ. Liposomes with High Refractive Index Encapsulants as Tunable Signal Amplification Tools in Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2015; 87:11157-63. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Fenzl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry,
Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hirsch
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry,
Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Antje J. Baeumner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry,
Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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28
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Edwards KA, Baeumner AJ. Enhancement of Heterogeneous Assays Using Fluorescent Magnetic Liposomes. Anal Chem 2014; 86:6610-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ac501219u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katie A. Edwards
- Cornell University, Department of Biological
and Environmental Engineering, 140 Riley-Robb Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Antje J. Baeumner
- Cornell University, Department of Biological
and Environmental Engineering, 140 Riley-Robb Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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29
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Xu Y, Liu Y, Wu Y, Xia X, Liao Y, Li Q. Fluorescent probe-based lateral flow assay for multiplex nucleic acid detection. Anal Chem 2014; 86:5611-4. [PMID: 24892496 DOI: 10.1021/ac5010458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Here we report a rapid, low cost, and disposable dipstick-type DNA biosensor that enables multiplex detection in a single assay. The fluorescent probes labeled with different fluorophores were introduced into the lateral flow nucleic acid testing system. In combination with multiple immobilized probes arranged in an array formant on the membrane, a dual-color fluorescent lateral flow DNA biosensor was developed using a portable fluorescence reader. Up to 13 human papillomavirus types could be detected simultaneously by a single-step operation in less than 30 min after linear-after-the-exponential (LATE)-PCR. The sensitivity was determined to be 10-10(2) copies plasmid DNA/μL. The specificity study showed no cross-reactivity among the 31 different common HPV types. In the clinical validation, 95.3% overall agreement showed very good potential for this method in the clinical application when compared to a commercial kit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Xu
- Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102, China
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30
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Reinholt SJ, Behrent A, Greene C, Kalfe A, Baeumner AJ. Isolation and amplification of mRNA within a simple microfluidic lab on a chip. Anal Chem 2014; 86:849-56. [PMID: 24328414 PMCID: PMC3923508 DOI: 10.1021/ac403417z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The major modules for realizing molecular biological assays in a micro-total analysis system (μTAS) were developed for the detection of pathogenic organisms. The specific focus was the isolation and amplification of eukaryotic mRNA within a simple, single-channel device for very low RNA concentrations that could then be integrated with detection modules. The hsp70 mRNA from Cryptosporidium parvum was used as a model analyte. Important points of study were surface chemistries within poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microfluidic channels that enabled specific and sensitive mRNA isolation and amplification reactions for very low mRNA concentrations. Optimal conditions were achieved when the channel surface was carboxylated via UV/ozone treatment followed by the immobilization of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers on the surface, thus increasing the immobilization efficiency of the thymidine oligonucleotide, oligo(dT)25, and providing a reliable surface for the amplification reaction, importantly, without the need for blocking agents. Additional chemical modifications of the remaining active surface groups were studied to avoid nonspecific capturing of nucleic acids and hindering of the mRNA amplification at low RNA concentrations. Amplification of the mRNA was accomplished using nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA), an isothermal, primer-dependent technique. Positive controls consisting of previously generated NASBA amplicons could be diluted 10(15) fold and still result in successful on-chip reamplification. Finally, the successful isolation and amplification of mRNA from as few as 30 C. parvum oocysts was demonstrated directly on-chip and compared to benchtop devices. This is the first proof of successful mRNA isolation and NASBA-based amplification of mRNA within a simple microfluidic device in relevant analytical volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Reinholt
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Arne Behrent
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Cassandra Greene
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ayten Kalfe
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Antje J. Baeumner
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Germany
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31
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El-Mahdy AFM, Shibata T, Kabashima T, Kai M. Dendrimer-like polymeric DNAs as chemiluminescence probes for amplified detection of telomere DNA on a solid-phase membrane. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:859-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc47454b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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33
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Parolo C, de la Escosura-Muñiz A, Merkoçi A. Enhanced lateral flow immunoassay using gold nanoparticles loaded with enzymes. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 40:412-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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34
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Li P, Zhang Z, Zhang Q, Zhang N, Zhang W, Ding X, Li R. Current development of microfluidic immunosensing approaches for mycotoxin detection via capillary electromigration and lateral flow technology. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:2253-65. [PMID: 22887149 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxin contamination in the food chain has caused serious health issues in humans and animals. Thus, a rapid on-site and lab-independent detection method for mycotoxins, such as aflatoxins (AFTs), is desirable. Microfluidic chip based immunosensor technology is one of the most promising methods for fast mycotoxin assays. In this review, we cover the major microfluidic immunosensors used for mycotoxin analysis, via flow-through (capillary electromigration) and lateral flow technology. Sample preparation from different matrices of agricultural products and foodstuffs is summarized. The choice of materials, fabrication strategies, and detection methods for microfluidic immunosensors are further discussed in detail. The sensors application in mycotoxin determination is also outlined. Finally, future challenges and opportunities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China.
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35
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Edwards KA, Bolduc OR, Baeumner AJ. Miniaturized bioanalytical systems: enhanced performance through liposomes. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2012; 16:444-52. [PMID: 22673065 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.05.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 04/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Biorecognition-element labeled liposomes are simple and versatile tools used to amplify signals for the detection of analytes of environmental, clinical, food safety, and national security interest. Relying on measurement of encapsulated species via electrochemical or spectroscopic techniques, or properties inherent to liposomes themselves (such as mass, refractive index, or charge), many advances have been made in both bench-scale and microfluidic applications. Some of these measurement techniques are inherently sensitivity limited, but through the inclusion of liposomes, reduced limits of detection potentially broaden the utility towards otherwise challenging levels of analytes. Other advances took advantage of the hydrophobic environment required by many biorecognition elements to expand the target selectivity range or utilized the amphipathic nature of the lipid bilayer to provide enhanced separation capabilities. Novel handling approaches included wavelength-specific release of contents encapsulated within thermosensitive liposomes or application of electric fields to move, concentrate, and strategically lyse liposomes. These and other topics are discussed in terms of either present incorporation or adaptation to microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Edwards
- Cornell University, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
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36
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Detection of sulphathiazole in honey samples using a lateral flow immunoassay. Food Chem 2011; 129:624-629. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Kalogianni DP, Boutsika LM, Kouremenou PG, Christopoulos TK, Ioannou PC. Carbon nano-strings as reporters in lateral flow devices for DNA sensing by hybridization. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:1145-52. [PMID: 21424520 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4845-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Presently, there is a growing interest in the development of lateral flow devices for nucleic acid analysis that enable visual detection of the target sequence (analyte) while eliminating several steps required for pipetting, incubation, and washing out the excess of reactants. In this paper, we present, for the first time, lateral flow tests exploiting oligonucleotide-functionalized and antibody-functionalized carbon nanoparticles (carbon nano-strings, CBNS) as reporters that enable confirmation of the target DNA sequence by hybridization. The CBNS reporters were applied to (a) the detection of PCR products and (b) visual genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms in human genomic DNA. Biotinylated PCR product was hybridized with a dA-tailed probe. In one assay configuration, the hybrid is captured at the test zone of the strip by immobilized streptavidin and detected by (dT)(30)-CBNS. In a second configuration, the hybrids are captured from immobilized (dA) strands and detected by antibiotin-CBNS. As low as 2.5 fmol of amplified DNA can be detected. For visual genotyping, allele-specific primers with a 5' oligo(dA) segment are extended by DNA polymerase with a concomitant incorporation of biotin moieties. Extension products are detected either by (dT)(30)-CBNS or by antibiotin-CBNS. Only three cycles of extension reaction are sufficient for detection. No purification of the PCR products or the extension product is required.
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38
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Chai Y, Tian D, Wang W, Cui H. A novel electrochemiluminescence strategy for ultrasensitive DNA assay using luminol functionalized gold nanoparticles multi-labeling and amplification of gold nanoparticles and biotin-streptavidin system. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:7560-2. [PMID: 20852765 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc02356f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Luminol functionalized gold nanoparticles were used as labels for electrochemiluminescence signal amplification and an ultrasensitive, highly selective, convenient, low cost DNA detection strategy was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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39
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Edwards KA, Wang Y, Baeumner AJ. Aptamer sandwich assays: human α-thrombin detection using liposome enhancement. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:2645-54. [PMID: 20596697 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2010] [Revised: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 06/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent dye-encapsulating liposomes tagged with aptamers were developed and used as reporting signals in an aptamer-based sandwich assay. α-Thrombin was utilized as a prototypical analyte as two well-studied aptamers binding distinct epitopes are available to form a sandwich complex. Cholesteryl-TEG-modified aptamers were embedded into the liposomal lipid bilayer while the interior cavity of the liposomes encapsulated fluorescent sulforhodamine B dye. Such liposomes successfully formed a sandwich complex with α-thrombin and a microtiter plate immobilized aptamer, proving that aptamers retain their ability to fold when anchored to the liposome surface. Parameters studied included liposomal aptamer coverage, sandwich aptamer orientation, aptamer label orientation, aptamer spacer length and type, incubation buffer, and aptamer concentration. The optimized conditions found here in the fluorescence assay led to a limit of detection of 64 pM or 2.35 ng/mL, corresponding to 6.4 fmol or 235 pg, respectively, in a 100 μL volume. This is an order of magnitude lower than previous sandwich aptamer assays using the same sequences with lowest reported limits of detection of 0.45 nM. In addition, the assay was applied successfully to the detection of α-thrombin in human plasma. The success of this method in a standard microtiter plate format and the relatively facile functionalization of liposomes with aptamers suggest that this approach provides a versatile option for routine analytical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Edwards
- Department of Biological & Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 318 Riley-Robb Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Qi Y, Li L, Li B. Label-free detection of specific DNA sequence-telomere using unmodified gold nanoparticles as colorimetric probes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2009; 74:127-131. [PMID: 19523870 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2009.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2008] [Revised: 05/10/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive label-free colorimetric detection of telomere DNA has been developed. It was based on the color change of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) due to DNA hybridization. UV-vis spectra and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to investigate the change of AuNPs. Under the optimized conditions, the linear range for determination of telomere DNA was 5.7 x 10(-13) to 4.5 x 10(-6)mol/L. The detection limit (3 sigma) of this method has decreased to pico-molar level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Qi
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
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41
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Edwards KA, Baeumner AJ. Liposome-enhanced lateral-flow assays for the sandwich-hybridization detection of RNA. Methods Mol Biol 2009; 504:185-215. [PMID: 19159099 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-569-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Clinical and environmental analyses frequently necessitate rapid, simple, and inexpensive point-of-care or field tests. These semiquantitative tests may be later followed up by confirmatory laboratory-based assays, but can provide an initial scenario assessment important for resource mobilization and threat confinement. Lateral-flow assays (LFAs) and dip-stick assays, which are typically antibody-based and yield a visually detectable signal, provide an assay format suiting these applications extremely well. Signal generation is commonly obtained through the use of colloidal gold or latex beads, which yield a colored band either directly proportional or inversely proportional to the concentration of the analyte of interest. Here, dye-encapsulating liposomes as an alternative are discussed. The LFA biosensors described in this chapter rely on the sandwich-hybridization of a nucleic acid sequence-based amplified (NASBA) mRNA target between a membrane immobilized capture probe and a visible dye (sulforhodamine B)-encapsulating liposome conjugated reporter probe. Although the methodology of this chapter is focused on LFAs for the detection of RNA through sandwich hybridization, the information within can be readily adapted for sandwich and competitive immunoassays. Included are an introduction and application notes toward this end. These include notes ranging from the detection of nonamplified RNA and single-stranded DNA, conjugation protocols for antibodies and other proteins to liposomes, and universal assay formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Edwards
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Lateral flow (immuno)assay: its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. A literature survey. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 393:569-82. [PMID: 18696055 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2287-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 939] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2008] [Revised: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Lateral flow (immuno)assays are currently used for qualitative, semiquantitative and to some extent quantitative monitoring in resource-poor or non-laboratory environments. Applications include tests on pathogens, drugs, hormones and metabolites in biomedical, phytosanitary, veterinary, feed/food and environmental settings. We describe principles of current formats, applications, limitations and perspectives for quantitative monitoring. We illustrate the potentials and limitations of analysis with lateral flow (immuno)assays using a literature survey and a SWOT analysis (acronym for "strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats"). Articles referred to in this survey were searched for on MEDLINE, Scopus and in references of reviewed papers. Search terms included "immunochromatography", "sol particle immunoassay", "lateral flow immunoassay" and "dipstick assay".
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Mir M, Lozano-Sánchez P, Katakis I. Towards a target label-free suboptimum oligonucleotide displacement-based detection system. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 391:2145-52. [PMID: 18454283 PMCID: PMC2755782 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2119-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Revised: 03/28/2008] [Accepted: 04/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for the future development of label-free DNA sensors is proposed here. The approach is based on the displacement of a labelled suboptimum mutated oligonucleotide hybridised with the immobilised biotin-capture probe. The target fully complementary to the biotin-capture probe can displace the labelled oligonucleotide causing a subsequent decrease of the signal that verifies the presence of the target. The decrease of signal was demonstrated to be proportional to the target concentration. A study of the hybridisation of mutated and complementary labelled oligonucleotides with an immobilised biotin-capture probe was carried out. Different kinetic and thermodynamic behaviour was observed for heterogeneous hybridisation of biotin-capture probe with complementary or suboptimum oligonucleotides. The displacement method evaluated colourimetrically achieved the objective of decreasing the response time from 1 h for direct hybridisation of 19-mer oligonucleotides in the direct enzyme-linked oligonucleotide assay (ELONA) to 5 min in the case of displacement detection in the micromolar concentration range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mònica Mir
- Bioengineering and Bioelectrochemistry Group, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avd. Països Catalans, 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
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Universal liposomes: preparation and usage for the detection of mRNA. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 391:1689-702. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-1992-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2007] [Revised: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 02/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Connelly JT, Nugen SR, Borejsza-Wysocki W, Durst RA, Montagna RA, Baeumner AJ. Human pathogenic Cryptosporidium species bioanalytical detection method with single oocyst detection capability. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 391:487-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-1967-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2007] [Revised: 02/06/2008] [Accepted: 02/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Edwards KA, March JC. GM1-functionalized liposomes in a microtiter plate assay for cholera toxin in Vibrio cholerae culture samples. Anal Biochem 2007; 368:39-48. [PMID: 17603995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2007.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2007] [Revised: 03/20/2007] [Accepted: 04/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent for cholera, infects its host by expressing a protein consisting of two subunits: the pentameric cholera toxin B (CTB) and cholera toxin A (CTA). CTB frequently is used as an indicator of the presence of pathogenic V. cholerae and typically is detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). In lieu of an enzyme-linked detection method, we have developed GM(1) ganglioside-functionalized fluorescent dye-encapsulating liposomes for the detection of CTB produced by V. cholerae in a simple microtiter plate assay. Liposomes were compared with fluorescein-labeled antibodies and enzyme-linked secondary antibodies for quantification of purified CTB. A limit of detection for CTB using the liposomes was 340pg/ml, which was comparable to that using the ELISA but 18 times lower than that using the fluorescein-labeled anti-CTB antibodies for the same purpose. The sensitivity of the assay provided by the liposomes was substantial, and the working range improved when compared with that of the fluorescein-labeled antibodies and the ELISA. In addition, the liposomes required shorter assay times, exhibited greater precision, and were less expensive compared with the ELISA. The liposomes were optimized with respect to phospholipid and ganglioside concentrations. The optimized liposomes were then used to probe culture supernatants from V. cholerae El Tor C6706 grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium and AKI medium for the presence of CTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Edwards
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Carter DJ, Cary RB. Lateral flow microarrays: a novel platform for rapid nucleic acid detection based on miniaturized lateral flow chromatography. Nucleic Acids Res 2007; 35:e74. [PMID: 17478499 PMCID: PMC1904290 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkm269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Widely used nucleic acid assays are poorly suited for field deployment where access to laboratory instrumentation is limited or unavailable. The need for field deployable nucleic acid detection demands inexpensive, facile systems without sacrificing information capacity or sensitivity. Here we describe a novel microarray platform capable of rapid, sensitive nucleic acid detection without specialized instrumentation. The approach is based on a miniaturized lateral flow device that makes use of hybridization-mediated target capture. The miniaturization of lateral flow nucleic acid detection provides multiple advantages over traditional lateral flow devices. Ten-microliter sample volumes reduce reagent consumption and yield analyte detection times, excluding sample preparation and amplification, of <120 s while providing sub-femtomole sensitivity. Moreover, the use of microarray technology increases the potential information capacity of lateral flow. Coupled with a hybridization-based detection scheme, the lateral flow microarray (LFM) enables sequence-specific detection, opening the door to highly multiplexed implementations for broad-range assays well suited for point-of-care and other field applications. The LFM system is demonstrated using an isothermal amplification strategy for detection of Bacillus anthracis, the etiologic agent of anthrax. RNA from as few as two B. anthracis cells was detected without thermocycling hardware or fluorescence detection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. Bruce Cary
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: 505 665 6874; Fax: 505 665 3024;
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