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Kour N, Bhagat G, Singh S, Bhatti SS, Arora S, Singh B, Bhatia A. Polyphenols mediated attenuation of diabetes associated cardiovascular complications: A comprehensive review. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2024; 23:73-99. [PMID: 38932901 PMCID: PMC11196529 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01326-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic metabolic disorder that is characterized by increased levels of glucose for prolonged periods of time. Incessant hyperglycemia leads to diabetic complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy, and cardiovascular complications such as ischemic heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, diabetic cardiomyopathy, stroke, etc. There are many studies that suggest that various polyphenols affect glucose homeostasis and can help to attenuate the complications associated with diabetes. Objective This review focuses on the possible role of various dietary polyphenols in palliating diabetes-induced cardiovascular complications. This review also aims to give an overview of the interrelationship among ROS production (due to diabetes), inflammation, glycoxidative stress, and cardiovascular complications as well as the anti-hyperglycemic effects of dietary polyphenols. Methods Various scientific databases including Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Link, and Wiley Online Library were used for searching articles that complied with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results This review lists several polyphenols based on various pre-clinical and clinical studies that have anti-hyperglycemic potential as well as a protective function against cardiovascular complications. Conclusion Several pre-clinical and clinical studies suggest that various dietary polyphenols can be a promising intervention for the attenuation of diabetes-associated cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep Kour
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 Punjab India
| | - Gulshan Bhagat
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 Punjab India
| | - Simran Singh
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 Punjab India
| | - Sandip Singh Bhatti
- Department of Chemistry, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144001 India
| | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 Punjab India
| | - Balbir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 Punjab India
| | - Astha Bhatia
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 Punjab India
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2
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Li S, Gao Y, Wang X, Wang Z, Li N, Shang Y, Han F, Yu J. Qualitative and quantitative studies on chemical constituents of Ling-gui-zhu-gan decoction: In vitro and in vivo. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300465. [PMID: 37568255 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Ling-gui-zhu-gan decoction has significant therapeutic effects in the treatment of diseases related to phlegm and fluid retention. In this study, we aimed to qualitatively characterize the chemical constituents of Ling-gui-zhu-gan decoction in vitro and in vivo by HPLC coupled to Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance MS, and quantitively determine the contents of typical chemical constituents by HPLC method. As a result, a total of 75 chemical constituents were discovered including 37 flavonoids and their glycosides, 20 saponins, 9 sterols, 3 organic acids and their derivatives, 3 lactones, 2 coumarins, and 1 alcohol. Among them, 17 chemical constituents were specifically identified. Subsequently, an HPLC method was established for simultaneous determination of seven chemical constituents. Finally, a total of 40 prototype components were initially detected by HPLC-MS method in the biological samples of rats after their water extract was orally administrated. Among them, 29, 27, 12, and 32 prototype components were detected in plasma, bile, urine, and feces, respectively. Moreover, 34 metabolites, including 16 phase II metabolites, were detected for the first time. In conclusion, this study lays the foundation for the identification of chemical components in vitro and in vivo and the elucidation of the potential pharmacodynamic components of Ling-gui-zhu-gan decoction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyue Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Yutong Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Nan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Yonglin Shang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Fei Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Jia Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
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3
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Löffler P, Escher BI, Baduel C, Virta MP, Lai FY. Antimicrobial Transformation Products in the Aquatic Environment: Global Occurrence, Ecotoxicological Risks, and Potential of Antibiotic Resistance. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37335844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The global spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is concerning for the health of humans, animals, and the environment in a One Health perspective. Assessments of AMR and associated environmental hazards mostly focus on antimicrobial parent compounds, while largely overlooking their transformation products (TPs). This review lists antimicrobial TPs identified in surface water environments and examines their potential for AMR promotion, ecological risk, as well as human health and environmental hazards using in silico models. Our review also summarizes the key transformation compartments of TPs, related pathways for TPs reaching surface waters and methodologies for studying the fate of TPs. The 56 antimicrobial TPs covered by the review were prioritized via scoring and ranking of various risk and hazard parameters. Most data on occurrences to date have been reported in Europe, while little is known about antibiotic TPs in Africa, Central and South America, Asia, and Oceania. Occurrence data on antiviral TPs and other antibacterial TPs are even scarcer. We propose evaluation of structural similarity between parent compounds and TPs for TP risk assessment. We predicted a risk of AMR for 13 TPs, especially TPs of tetracyclines and macrolides. We estimated the ecotoxicological effect concentrations of TPs from the experimental effect data of the parent chemical for bacteria, algae and water fleas, scaled by potency differences predicted by quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) for baseline toxicity and a scaling factor for structural similarity. Inclusion of TPs in mixtures with their parent increased the ecological risk quotient over the threshold of one for 7 of the 24 antimicrobials included in this analysis, while only one parent had a risk quotient above one. Thirteen TPs, from which 6 were macrolide TPs, posed a risk to at least one of the three tested species. There were 12/21 TPs identified that are likely to exhibit a similar or higher level of mutagenicity/carcinogenicity, respectively, than their parent compound, with tetracycline TPs often showing increased mutagenicity. Most TPs with increased carcinogenicity belonged to sulfonamides. Most of the TPs were predicted to be mobile but not bioaccumulative, and 14 were predicted to be persistent. The six highest-priority TPs originated from the tetracycline antibiotic family and antivirals. This review, and in particular our ranking of antimicrobial TPs of concern, can support authorities in planning related intervention strategies and source mitigation of antimicrobials toward a sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Löffler
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala SE-75007, Sweden
| | - Beate I Escher
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Environmental Toxicology, Department of Geosciences, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christine Baduel
- Université Grenoble Alpes, IRD, CNRS, Grenoble INP, IGE, 38 050 Grenoble, France
| | - Marko P Virta
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Multidisciplinary Center of Excellence in Antimicrobial Resistance Research, Helsinki 00100, Finland
| | - Foon Yin Lai
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala SE-75007, Sweden
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4
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Han DG, Kwak J, Choi E, Seo SW, Vasileva EA, Mishchenko NP, Fedoreyev SA, Stonik VA, Kim HK, Han J, Byun JH, Jung IH, Yun H, Yoon IS. Physicochemical characterization and phase II metabolic profiling of echinochrome A, a bioactive constituent from sea urchin, and its physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling in rats and humans. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114589. [PMID: 37004327 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Echinochrome A, a natural naphthoquinone pigment found in sea urchins, is increasingly being investigated for its nutritional and therapeutic value associated with antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral, antidiabetic, and cardioprotective activities. Although several studies have demonstrated the biological effects and therapeutic potential of echinochrome A, little is known regarding its biopharmaceutical behaviors. Here, we aimed to investigate the physicochemical properties and metabolic profiles of echinochrome A and establish a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model as a useful tool to support its clinical applications. We found that the lipophilicity, color variability, ultraviolet/visible spectrometry, and stability of echinochrome A were markedly affected by pH conditions. Moreover, metabolic and pharmacokinetic profiling studies demonstrated that echinochrome A is eliminated primarily by hepatic metabolism and that four possible metabolites, i.e., two glucuronidated and two methylated conjugates, are formed in rat and human liver preparations. A whole-body PBPK model incorporating the newly identified hepatic phase II metabolic process was constructed and optimized with respect to chemical-specific parameters. Furthermore, model simulations suggested that echinochrome A could exhibit linear disposition profiles without systemic and local tissue accumulation in clinical settings. Our proposed PBPK model of echinochrome A could be a valuable tool for predicting drug interactions in previously unexplored scenarios and for optimizing dosage regimens and drug formulations.
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Major benznidazole metabolites in patients treated for Chagas disease: Mass spectrometry-based identification, structural analysis and detoxification pathways. Toxicol Lett 2023; 377:71-82. [PMID: 36775077 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Benznidazole is the drug of choice for the treatment of Chagas disease, but its metabolism in humans is unclear. Here, we identified and characterized the major benznidazole metabolites and their biosynthetic mechanisms in humans by analyzing the ionic profiles of urine samples from patients and untreated donors through reversed-phase UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and UHPLC-ESI-QqLIT-MS. A strategy for simultaneous detection and fragmentation of characteristic positive and negative ions was employed using information-dependent acquisitions (IDA). Selected precursor ions, neutral losses, and MS3 experiments complemented the study. A total of six phase-I and ten phase-II metabolites were identified and structurally characterized in urine of benznidazole-treated patients. Based on creatinine-corrected ion intensities, nitroreduction to amino-benznidazole (M1) and its subsequent N-glucuronidation to M5 were the main metabolic pathways, followed by imidazole-ring cleavage, oxidations, and cysteine conjugations. This extensive exploration of benznidazole metabolites revealed potentially toxic structures in the form of glucuronides and glutathione derivatives, which may be associated with recurrent treatment adverse events; this possibility warrants further exploration in future clinical trials. Incorporation of this knowledge of the benznidazole metabolic profile into clinical pharmacology trials could lead to improved treatments, facilitate the study of possible drug-drug interactions, and even mitigation of adverse drug reactions.
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6
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Novak M, Svobodova B, Konecny J, Kuratkova A, Nevosadova L, Prchal L, Korabecny J, Lauschke VM, Soukup O, Kučera R. UHPLC-Orbitrap study of the first phase tacrine in vitro metabolites and related Alzheimer's drug candidates using human liver microsomes. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 224:115154. [PMID: 36442458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Tacrine was the first drug used in the therapy of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is one of the leading structures frequently pursued in the drug discovery of novel candidates for tackling AD. However, because tacrine has been withdrawn from the market due to its hepatotoxicity, ascribed to specific metabolites, concerns are high about the toxicity profile of newly developed compounds related to tacrine. From the point of view of drug safety, the formation of metabolites must be uncovered and analyzed. Bearing in mind that the main culprit of tacrine hepatotoxicity is its biotransformation to hydroxylated metabolites, human liver microsomes were used as a biotransformation model. Our study aims to clarify phase I metabolites of three potentially non-toxic tacrine derivatives (7-methoxytacrine, 6-chlorotacrine, 7-phenoxytacrine) and to semi-quantitatively determine the relative amount of individual metabolites as potential culprits of tacrine-based hepatotoxicity. For this purpose, a new selective UHPLC-Orbitrap method has been developed. Applying UHPLC-Orbitrap method, two as yet unpublished tacrine and 7-methoxytacrine monohydroxylated metabolites have been found and completely characterized, and the separation of ten dihydroxylated tacrine and 7-methoxytacrine metabolites was achieved for the first time. Moreover, the structures of several new metabolites of 7-phenoxytacrine and 6-chlorotacrine have been identified. In addition, the relative amount of these newly observed metabolites was determined. Based on the results and known facts about the toxicity of tacrine metabolites published so far, it appears that 7-phenoxytacrine and 6-chlorotacrine could be substantially less hepatotoxic compared to tacrine, and could potentially pave the way for metabolically safe molecules applicable in AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Novak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - B Svobodova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Trebesska 1575, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - J Konecny
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Trebesska 1575, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - A Kuratkova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - L Nevosadova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - L Prchal
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - J Korabecny
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Trebesska 1575, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - V M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany; University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - O Soukup
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - R Kučera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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7
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van Outersterp R, Oosterhout J, Gebhardt CR, Berden G, Engelke UFH, Wevers RA, Cuyckens F, Oomens J, Martens J. Targeted Small-Molecule Identification Using Heartcutting Liquid Chromatography-Infrared Ion Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2023; 95:3406-3413. [PMID: 36735826 PMCID: PMC9933049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Infrared ion spectroscopy (IRIS) can be used to identify molecular structures detected in mass spectrometry (MS) experiments and has potential applications in a wide range of analytical fields. However, MS-based approaches are often combined with orthogonal separation techniques, in many cases liquid chromatography (LC). The direct coupling of LC and IRIS is challenging due to the mismatching timescales of the two technologies: an IRIS experiment typically takes several minutes, whereas an LC fraction typically elutes in several seconds. To resolve this discrepancy, we present a heartcutting LC-IRIS approach using a setup consisting of two switching valves and two sample loops as an alternative to direct online LC-IRIS coupling. We show that this automated setup enables us to record multiple IR spectra for two LC-features from a single injection without degrading the LC-separation performance. We demonstrate the setup for application in drug metabolism research by recording six m/z-selective IR spectra for two drug metabolites from a single 2 μL sample of cell incubation extract. Additionally, we measure the IR spectra of two closely eluting diastereomeric biomarkers for the inborn error of metabolism pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE-ALDH7A1), which shows that the heartcutting LC-IRIS setup has good sensitivity (requiring ∼μL injections of ∼μM samples) and that the separation between closely eluting isomers is maintained. We envision applications in a range of research fields, where the identification of molecular structures detected by LC-MS is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rianne
E. van Outersterp
- Radboud
University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jitse Oosterhout
- Radboud
University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Giel Berden
- Radboud
University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Udo F. H. Engelke
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A. Wevers
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Filip Cuyckens
- Drug
Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Janssen R&D, Beerse 2340, Belgium
| | - Jos Oomens
- Radboud
University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands,van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Martens
- Radboud
University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands,
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Waszkielewicz A, Marona H, Pańczyk-Straszak K, Filipek B, Rapacz A, Sałat K, Kubacka M, Cios A, Fedak F, Walczak M, Hubicka U, Kwiecień A, Żuromska-Witek B, Szafrański PW, Koczurkiewicz-Adamczyk P, Pękala E, Przejczowska-Pomierny K, Pociecha K, Wyska E. KM-408, a novel phenoxyalkyl derivative as a potential anticonvulsant and analgesic compound for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:128-165. [PMID: 36401763 PMCID: PMC9889419 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00431-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy frequently coexists with neuropathic pain. Our approach is based on the search for active compounds with multitarget profiles beneficial in terms of potential side effects and on the implementation of screening for potential multidirectional central activity. METHODS Compounds were synthesized by means of chemical synthesis. After antiseizure and neurotoxicity screening in vivo, KM-408 and its enantiomers were chosen for analgesic activity evaluations. Further safety studies included acute toxicity in mice, the effect on normal electrocardiogram and on blood pressure in rats, whole body plethysmography in rats, and in vitro and biochemical assays. Pharmacokinetics has been studied in rats after iv and po administration. Metabolism has been studied in vivo in rat serum and urine. Radioligand binding studies were performed as part of the mechanism of action investigation. RESULTS Selected results for KM-408: Ki sigma = 7.2*10-8; Ki 5-HT1A = 8.0*10-7; ED50 MES (mice, ip) = 13.3 mg/kg; formalin test (I phase, mice, ip)-active at 30 mg/kg; SNL (rats, ip)-active at 6 mg/kg; STZ-induced pain (mice, ip)-active at 1 mg/kg (von Frey) and 10 mg/kg (hot plate); hot plate test (mice, ip)-active at 30 mg/kg; ED50 capsaicin test (mice, ip) = 18.99 mg/kg; tail immersion test (mice)-active at 0.5%; corneal anesthesia (guinea pigs)-active at 0.125%; infiltration anesthesia (guinea pigs)-active at 0.125%. CONCLUSIONS Within the presented study a novel compound, R,S-2-((2-(2-chloro-6-methylphenoxy)ethyl)amino)butan-1-ol hydrochloride (KM-408) with dual antiseizure and analgesic activity has been developed for potential use in neuropathic pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Waszkielewicz
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Henryk Marona
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pańczyk-Straszak
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Filipek
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Rapacz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kinga Sałat
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Kubacka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Cios
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Filip Fedak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzyńskiego 14, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Walczak
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Urszula Hubicka
- Chair of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Kwiecień
- Chair of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Żuromska-Witek
- Chair of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Przemysław W. Szafrański
- Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paulina Koczurkiewicz-Adamczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pękala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Przejczowska-Pomierny
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pociecha
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wyska
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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A novel wrinkled-leaf sesame mutant as a potential edible leafy vegetable rich in nutrients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18478. [PMID: 36323927 PMCID: PMC9630307 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23263-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an ancient and globally important oil crop in the tropic and subtropic areas. Apart from being a good source of high-quality oil, sesame also represents a new source of edible leafy vegetables. However, data regarding the nutritional composition of the sesame leaves, especially their phytonutrient composition, are scarce. Previously we have developed a sesame mutant JQA with curly, wide, and thick leaves that are potentially used as a vegetable. The objective of this work was to gauge the nutrient contents in leaves of the JQA mutant by colorimetry methods. The sesame mutant JQA and its wild-type counterpart JQB were grown in the field, and leaf samples were collected at the flowering stage. Results showed that the sesame wrinkled leaves of JQA are a rich source of crude oil (5.33-6.38%), crude protein (3.14%), amino acids (> 18.6 mg/g), crude fiber (> 0.36%), cellulose or hemicellulose (> 21.4 mg/g), sugars (> 12.5 mg/g), vitamins, and flavones (> 63.2 mg/g). The wrinkled sesame leaves were high in unsaturated acid (32.0 mg/g), calcium (18.5 mg/g), potassium (16.1 mg/g), as well as vitamin B6 (24.5 mg/g), B2 (14.4 mg/g), C (1.7 mg/g) and D (1.3 mg/g) compared to other common green leafy vegetables. The fresh leaves had a mean total flavone content of 65.7 mg/g and can be consumed as fresh vegetables or preserved in a dry state. Collectively, the nutritional composition of the wrinkled leaf mutant JQA was ideal and thus had high RDIs (recommended daily intakes), suggesting that the wrinkled leaves are a rich source of nutrients and therefore suitable to be consumed as a new edible green vegetable.
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Zajíčková M, Prchal L, Vokřál I, Nguyen LT, Kurz T, Gasser R, Bednářová K, Mičundová M, Lungerich B, Michel O, Skálová L. Assessing the Anthelmintic Candidates BLK127 and HBK4 for Their Efficacy on Haemonchus contortus Adults and Eggs, and Their Hepatotoxicity and Biotransformation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040754. [PMID: 35456588 PMCID: PMC9024958 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As a widely distributed parasitic nematode of ruminants, Haemonchus contortus has become resistant to most anthelmintic classes, there has been a major demand for new compounds against H. contortus and related nematodes. Recent phenotypic screening has revealed two compounds, designated as BLK127 and HBK4, that are active against H. contortus larvae. The present study was designed to assess the activity of these compounds against H. contortus eggs and adults, hepatotoxicity in rats and sheep, as well as biotransformation in H. contortus adults and the ovine liver. Both compounds exhibited no inhibitory effect on the hatching of eggs. The benzyloxy amide BLK127 significantly decreased the viability of adults in sensitive and resistant strains of H. contortus and showed no hepatotoxic effect, even at the highest concentration tested (100 µM). In contrast, HBK4 had no impact on the viability of H. contortus adults and exhibited significant hepatotoxicity. Based on these findings, HBK4 was excluded from further studies, while BLK127 seems to be a potential candidate for a new anthelmintic. Consequently, biotransformation of BLK127 was tested in H. contortus adults and the ovine liver. In H. contortus, several metabolites formed via hydroxylation, hydrolysis and glycosidation were identified, but the extent of biotransformation was low, and the total quantity of the metabolites formed did not differ significantly between the sensitive and resistant strains. In contrast, ovine liver cells metabolized BLK127 more extensively with a glycine conjugate of 4-(pentyloxy)benzoic acid as the main BLK127 metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Zajíčková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (L.T.N.); (K.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Lukáš Prchal
- University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Biomedical Research Centre, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Ivan Vokřál
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
| | - Linh Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (L.T.N.); (K.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Thomas Kurz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (T.K.); (B.L.); (O.M.)
| | - Robin Gasser
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Klára Bednářová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (L.T.N.); (K.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Magdalena Mičundová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (L.T.N.); (K.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Beate Lungerich
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (T.K.); (B.L.); (O.M.)
| | - Oliver Michel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (T.K.); (B.L.); (O.M.)
| | - Lenka Skálová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (L.T.N.); (K.B.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Chai XN, Ludwig FA, Müglitz A, Gong Y, Schaefer M, Regenthal R, Krügel U. A Pharmacokinetic and Metabolism Study of the TRPC6 Inhibitor SH045 in Mice by LC-MS/MS. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073635. [PMID: 35408998 PMCID: PMC8998618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPC6, the sixth member of the family of canonical transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, contributes to a variety of physiological processes and human pathologies. This study extends the knowledge on the newly developed TRPC6 blocker SH045 with respect to its main target organs beyond the description of plasma kinetics. According to the plasma concentration-time course in mice, SH045 is measurable up to 24 h after administration of 20 mg/kg BW (i.v.) and up to 6 h orally. The short plasma half-life and rather low oral bioavailability are contrasted by its reported high potency. Dosage limits were not worked out, but absence of safety concerns for 20 mg/kg BW supports further dose exploration. The disposition of SH045 is described. In particular, a high extravascular distribution, most prominent in lung, and a considerable renal elimination of SH045 were observed. SH045 is a substrate of CYP3A4 and CYP2A6. Hydroxylated and glucuronidated metabolites were identified under optimized LC-MS/MS conditions. The results guide a reasonable selection of dose and application route of SH045 for target-directed preclinical studies in vivo with one of the rare high potent and subtype-selective TRPC6 inhibitors available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ning Chai
- Rudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (X.-N.C.); (A.M.); (Y.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Friedrich-Alexander Ludwig
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 04318 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Anne Müglitz
- Rudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (X.-N.C.); (A.M.); (Y.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Yuanyuan Gong
- Rudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (X.-N.C.); (A.M.); (Y.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Michael Schaefer
- Rudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (X.-N.C.); (A.M.); (Y.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Ralf Regenthal
- Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Ute Krügel
- Rudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (X.-N.C.); (A.M.); (Y.G.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Zajíčková M, Prchal L, Navrátilová M, Vodvárková N, Matoušková P, Vokřál I, Nguyen LT, Skálová L. Sertraline as a new potential anthelmintic against Haemonchus contortus: toxicity, efficacy, and biotransformation. Vet Res 2021; 52:143. [PMID: 34895342 PMCID: PMC8666012 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-01012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemonchus contortus is a parasitic nematode of ruminants which causes significant losses to many farmers worldwide. Since the drugs currently in use for the treatment of haemonchosis are losing their effectiveness due to the drug-resistance of this nematode, a new or repurposed drug is highly needed. As the antipsychotic drug sertraline (SRT) has been shown to be effective against the parasitic nematodes Trichuris muris, Ancylostoma caninum and Schistosoma mansoni, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible effect of SRT on H. contortus. The potential hepatotoxicity of SRT was tested in sheep, a common H. contortus host. In addition, the main metabolic pathways of SRT in H. contortus and the ovine liver were identified. While no effect of SRT on H. contortus egg hatching was observed, SRT was found to significantly decrease the viability of H. contortus adults in drug-sensitive and resistant strains, with its effect comparable to the commonly used anthelmintics levamisole and monepantel. Moreover, SRT in anthelmintically active concentrations showed no toxicity to the ovine liver. Biotransformation of SRT in H. contortus was weak, with most of the drug remaining unmetabolized. Production of the main metabolite hydroxy-SRT did not differ significantly between strains. Other minor metabolites such as SRT-O-glucoside, dihydroxy-SRT, and SRT-ketone were also identified in H. contorts adults. Compared to H. contortus, the ovine liver metabolized SRT more extensively, mainly via desmethylation and glucuronidation. In conclusion, the potency of SRT against H. contortus was proven, and it should be tested further toward possible repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Zajíčková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Prchal
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital in Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Navrátilová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Vodvárková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Matoušková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Vokřál
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Linh Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Skálová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Sharma MK, Sahu AK, Shah RP, Sengupta P. A systematic UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS based analytical approach for characterization of flibanserin metabolites and establishment of biotransformation pathway. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1185:123011. [PMID: 34735976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.123011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A systematic metabolite profiling approach has paramount importance in detecting, identifying, and characterizing drug metabolites. Till date, there is no report published on the comprehensive metabolic fate of flibanserin (FLB). In this study, the structure of entire potential metabolites of FLB has been elucidated by execution of in silico tool and high resolution mass spectrometry based metabolite profiling strategy employing data-dependent and data-independent approaches. In vitro metabolism profile was investigated after incubating FLB with liver microsomes (rat and human) and S9 fractions in presence of their respective co-factors. In vivo metabolites were identified from rat plasma, urine, feces, and brain tissue samples. An efficient extraction technique was developed that made it possible to identify the metabolites generated even in extremely low concentrations. Extraction was carried out by precipitating protein and thereafter solid-phase extraction to enrich their concentration in the sample before analysis. Fourteen new metabolites have been identified and characterized. Most of the metabolites of FLB were generated due to hydrolysis and oxidation followed by glucuronide, sulfate, and methyl conjugation. Additionally, a spiking study was employed to confirm the presence of N-oxide metabolite in human liver S9 fraction and rat urine samples. Moreover, we have established the probable biotransformation pathway of FLB and successfully analyzed the toxicity potential of the metabolites using Pro Tox-II software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar Sharma
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Amit Kumar Sahu
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Ravi P Shah
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Pinaki Sengupta
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India.
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14
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Mulani F, Nandikol SS, Haldar S, Thulasiram HV. Accurate Identification of Bioactive Meliaceae Limonoids by UHPLC-MS/MS Based Structure-Fragment Relationships (SFRs). ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:26454-26476. [PMID: 34661002 PMCID: PMC8515590 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Limonoids are bioactive plant specialized metabolites found in the Meliaceae family. The basic limonoids, i.e., azadiradione, epoxyazadiradione, and gedunin have been exploited for various bioactivities and therefore are the potential drug leads for tomorrow. However, their low abundance, structural similarity, and lack of adequate mass fragmentation data have hampered their accurate identification and quantification from various sources. In the present study, basic limonoids such as azadirone, azadiradione, epoxyazadiradione, and gedunin isolated from Neem were utilized for the synthesis of their derivatives and isotopologs. A total of 30 one compounds were used in this study among which five were isolated, two were biotransformed, and 24 were synthesized. Among the synthesized compounds nine are novel compounds including six deuterated analogs/isotopologs which are (1,3-2H)-1,2-dihydro-3β-hydroxyazadiradione (9), (1,3,16-2H)-1,2-dihydro-3β-16β-dihydroxyazadiradione (10), 3β-hydroxyazadiradione (11), 3β-16β-dihydroxyazadiradione (12), (3-2H)-3β-hydroxyazadiradione (13), (3,16-2H)-3β-16β-dihydroxyazadiradione (14), (1,3,7-2H)-1,2-dihydro-3β-hydroxy-7-deacetylazadiradione (15), 1,2,20,21,22,23-hexahydroazadiradione (17), and (1,3-2H)-1,2-dihydro-3β-hydroxygedunin (29). These limonoids along with their semisynthesized derivatives were subjected to ultra high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) and the fragmentation pathway was established based on structure-fragment relationships (SFRs), utilizing high resolution MS/MS data. We have developed a most reliable and easily reproducible protocol describing in depth analysis of SFRs based on the structural modifications and synthesis of isotopologs. Also, the MS/MS fragment library of these basic limonoids generated in this study acts as a fingerprint for accurate identification and quantification of limonoids by MS/MS analysis in various plant tissue extracts, phytopharmaceutical formulations and biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayaj
A. Mulani
- Chemical
Biology Unit, Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sharvani S. Nandikol
- Chemical
Biology Unit, Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Saikat Haldar
- Chemical
Biology Unit, Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Hirekodathakallu V. Thulasiram
- Chemical
Biology Unit, Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- CSIR-Institute
of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, New Delhi 110007, India
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15
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Walczak M, Suraj-Prażmowska J, Kuś K, Kij A, Groszek G. A preliminary metabolites identification of a novel compound with β-adrenolytic activity. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1373-1389. [PMID: 34050907 PMCID: PMC8163589 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00273-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of main metabolites and assessment of renal excretion of a novel compound with β-adrenolytic activity (2RS)-1-(1H-indol-4-yloxy)-3-((2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl)amino)propan-2-ol, briefly called (RS)-9 or 2F109, were studied in vivo in rat serum, urine, faeces, liver, intestine, lungs and kidneys, and in vitro in rat liver microsomes. METHODS Structures of the metabolites have been developed by comparing the high-resolution product ion mass spectra of metabolites and the parent compound based on the differences in mass values of main fragments. Quantitative analysis of (RS)-9 was done using a system of liquid chromatography coupled with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer API 2000. Identification studies of predicted metabolites were made by a high-resolution mass spectrometer LTQ XL Orbitrap Discovery and using a Roxy™ system, for online electrochemical mimicry of oxidative metabolism by cytochrome P450s connected to QTRAP 5500. RESULTS For (RS)-9 (m/z 357.2084) phase I metabolites derived from oxidation process: hydroxyl derivatives (m/z 373.2470) and dihydroxyl derivatives (m/z 389.4318), and phase II metabolites: N-methylated compound (m/z 371.1612), O-glucuronide (m/z 533.5118), and sulfate (m/z 437.2350) were identified. CONCLUSION (RS)-9 was extensively metabolised to several phase I and II metabolites, and renal excretion was a minor route in its elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Walczak
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Joanna Suraj-Prażmowska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamil Kuś
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kij
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grażyna Groszek
- Department of Industrial and Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, 6 Powstancow Warszawy Ave, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
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16
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Zhou QH, Qin WW, Finel M, He QQ, Tu DZ, Wang CR, Ge GB. A broad-spectrum substrate for the human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases and its use for investigating glucuronidation inhibitors. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 180:252-261. [PMID: 33741369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Strong inhibition of the human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes (UGTs) may lead to undesirable effects, including hyperbilirubinaemia and drug/herb-drug interactions. Currently, there is no good way to examine the inhibitory effects and specificities of compounds toward all the important human UGTs, side-by-side and under identical conditions. Herein, we report a new, broad-spectrum substrate for human UGTs and its uses in screening and characterizing of UGT inhibitors. Following screening a variety of phenolic compound(s), we have found that methylophiopogonanone A (MOA) can be readily O-glucuronidated by all tested human UGTs, including the typical N-glucuronidating enzymes UGT1A4 and UGT2B10. MOA-O-glucuronidation yielded a single mono-O-glucuronide that was biosynthesized and purified for structural characterization and for constructing an LC-UV based MOA-O-glucuronidation activity assay, which was then used for investigating MOA-O-glucuronidation kinetics in recombinant human UGTs. The derived Km values were crucial for selecting the most suitable assay conditions for assessing inhibitory potentials and specificity of test compound(s). Furthermore, the inhibitory effects and specificities of four known UGT inhibitors were reinvestigated by using MOA as the substrate for all tested UGTs. Collectively, MOA is a broad-spectrum substrate for the human UGTs, which offers a new and practical tool for assessing inhibitory effects and specificities of UGT inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Hang Zhou
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei-Wei Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Moshe Finel
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Qing-Qing He
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dong-Zhu Tu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chao-Ran Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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17
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Daneshfar M, Fattahi A. Hydrogen bonding effects on acidity enhancement of barbiturates and their metabolites in gas and solution phase, a DFT study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2020.113112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Ulenberg S, Bączek T. Metabolic stability studies of lead compounds supported by separation techniques and chemometrics analysis. J Sep Sci 2020; 44:373-386. [PMID: 33006800 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With metabolism being one of the main routes of drug elimination from the body (accounting for removal of around 75% of known drugs), it is crucial to understand and study metabolic stability of drug candidates. Metabolically unstable compounds are uncomfortable to administer (requiring repetitive dosage during therapy), while overly stable drugs increase risk of adverse drug reactions. Additionally, biotransformation reactions can lead to formation of toxic or pharmacologically active metabolites (either less-active than parent drug, or even with different action). There were numerous approaches in estimating metabolic stability, including in vitro, in vivo, in silico, and high-throughput screening to name a few. This review aims at describing separation techniques used in in vitro metabolic stability estimation, as well as chemometric techniques allowing for creation of predictive models which enable high-throughput screening approach for estimation of metabolic stability. With a very low rate of drug approval, it is important to understand in silico methods that aim at supporting classical in vitro approach. Predictive models that allow assessment of certain biological properties of drug candidates allow for cutting not only cost, but also time required to synthesize compounds predicted to be unstable or inactive by in silico models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Ulenberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Bączek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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19
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Bandookwala M, Nemani KS, Chatterjee B, Sengupta P. Reactive Metabolites: Generation and Estimation with Electrochemistry Based Analytical Strategy as an Emerging Screening Tool. CURR ANAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411016666200131154202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Analytical scientists have constantly been in search for more efficient and
economical methods for drug simulation studies. Owing to great progress in this field, there are various
techniques available nowadays that mimic drug metabolism in the hepatic microenvironment.
The conventional in vitro and in vivo studies pose inherent methodological drawbacks due to which
alternative analytical approaches are devised for different drug metabolism experiments.
Methods:
Electrochemistry has gained attention due to its benefits over conventional metabolism
studies. Because of the protein binding nature of reactive metabolites, it is difficult to identify them
directly after formation, although the use of trapping agents aids in their successful identification.
Furthermore, various scientific reports confirmed the successful simulation of drug metabolism studies
by electrochemical cells. Electrochemical cells coupled with chromatography and mass spectrometry
made it easy for direct detection of reactive metabolites. In this review, an insight into the application
of electrochemical techniques for metabolism simulation studies has been provided. The sole
use of electrochemical cells, as well as their setups on coupling to liquid chromatography and mass
spectrometry has been discussed. The importance of metabolism prediction in early drug discovery
and development stages along with a brief overview of other conventional methods has also been
highlighted.
Conclusion:
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first article to review the electrochemistry
based strategy for the analysis of reactive metabolites. The outcome of this ‘first of its kind’ review
will significantly help the researchers in the application of electrochemistry based bioanalysis for metabolite
detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bandookwala
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Kavya Sri Nemani
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Bappaditya Chatterjee
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management (SPPSPTM), NMIMS University, Mumbai, India
| | - Pinaki Sengupta
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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20
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Lege S, Sorwat J, Yanez Heras JE, Zwiener C. Abiotic and biotic transformation of torasemide - Occurrence of degradation products in the aquatic environment. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 177:115753. [PMID: 32302808 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The pharmaceutical torasemide is an important loop diuretic and was 2017 one of the ten most prescribed drugs in Germany. Despite its detection in different compartments of the urban water cycle including drinking water, no studies were so far performed to elucidate its fate in the environment and the occurrence of transformation products (TPs). Therefore, we investigated the phototransformation, microbial degradation, transformation with human liver microsomes and anodic oxidation of torasemide to obtain good coverage of environmentally relevant degradation products. Overall sixteen products were identified, covering the following reaction mechanisms: aromatic and aliphatic hydroxylation, including further oxidation to carboxylic acids and quinone imines, amide cleavage, N-dealkylation, N-dearylation, and sulfonamide hydrolysis to sulfonic acids. Especially the formation of quinone imines could be of concern as they are highly reactive electrophiles. Torasemide itself was observed in all investigated wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) samples and wastewater-impacted surface waters. The maximum detected concentration was about 350 ng L-1. Only three of the sixteen transformation products were generally observed in at least one of the samples and the most frequently detected TPs were the human metabolites hydroxytorasemide (TP 364a) and carboxytorasemide (TP 378a). The complete removal of TP 364a during wastewater treatment was in agreement with the results of microbial degradation experiments. TP 364a was most likely transformed into TP 378a, which was microbially less degraded in lab experiments. Based on estimated concentrations, TP 378a could reach about 1 μg L-1 in the investigated wastewater matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Lege
- University of Tübingen, Environmental Analytical Chemistry at the Center for Applied Geoscience, Hölderlinstraße 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julian Sorwat
- University of Tübingen, Environmental Analytical Chemistry at the Center for Applied Geoscience, Hölderlinstraße 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jorge Eduardo Yanez Heras
- University of Tübingen, Environmental Analytical Chemistry at the Center for Applied Geoscience, Hölderlinstraße 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Zwiener
- University of Tübingen, Environmental Analytical Chemistry at the Center for Applied Geoscience, Hölderlinstraße 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
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21
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Rubino FM. Center-of-Mass iso-Energetic Collision-Induced Decomposition in Tandem Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092250. [PMID: 32397650 PMCID: PMC7249026 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two scan modes of the triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer, namely Collision Induced Dissociation Precursor Ion scan and Neutral Loss scan, allow selectively pinpointing, in a complex mixture, compounds that feature specific chemical groups, which yield characteristic fragment ions or are lost as distinctive neutral fragments. This feature of the triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer allows the non-target screening of mixtures for classes of components. The effective (center-of-mass) energy to achieve specific fragmentation depends on the inter-quadrupole voltage (laboratory-frame collision energy) and on the masses of the precursor molecular ion and of the collision gas, through a non-linear relationship. Thus, in a class of homologous compounds, precursor ions activated at the same laboratory-frame collision energy face different center-of-mass collision energy, and therefore the same fragmentation channel operates with different degrees of efficiency. This article reports a linear equation to calculate the laboratory-frame collision energy necessary to operate Collision-Induced Dissociation at the same center-of-mass energy on closely related compounds with different molecular mass. A routine triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer can operate this novel feature (iso-energetic collision-induced dissociation scan; i-CID) to analyze mixtures of endogenous metabolites by Precursor Ion and Neutral Loss scans. The latter experiment also entails the hitherto unprecedented synchronized scanning of all three quadrupoles of the triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer. To exemplify the application of this technique, this article shows two proof-of-principle approaches to the determination of biological mixtures, one by Precursor Ion analysis on alpha amino acid derivatized with a popular chromophore, and the other on modified nucleosides with a Neutral Fragment Loss scan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Maria Rubino
- LaTMA Laboratory for Analytical Toxicology and Metabonomics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano at "Ospedale San Paolo" v. A. di Rudinì 8, I-20142 Milano, Italy
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22
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Li Z, Chen J, Gao X, Zhang T, Zheng W, Wei G, Huang Y, Qi J, Zhang Y, Ma P. Identification of components and metabolites in plasma of type 2 diabetic rat after oral administration of Jiao-Tai-Wan using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:2690-2707. [PMID: 32246812 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Jiao-Tai-Wan, which is composed of Coptis Rhizoma and Cinnamon Cortex, has been recently used to treat type 2 diabetes. Owing to lack of data on its prototypes and metabolites, elucidation of the pharmacological and clinically safe levels of this formula has been significantly hindered. To screen more potential bioactive components of Jiao-Tai-Wan, we identified its multiple prototypes and metabolites in the plasma of type 2 diabetic rats by ultra high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A total of 47 compounds were identified in the plasma of type 2 diabetic rats, including 22 prototypes and 25 metabolites, with alkaloids constituting the majority of the absorbed prototype components. In addition, this is the first study to detect vanillic acid, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, protocatechuic acid, 2-hydroxycinnamic acid, 3-hydroxycinnamic acid, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid, and 2-methoxy cinnamic acid after oral administration of Jiao-Tai-Wan. The prototypes from Jiao-Tai-Wan were extensively metabolized by demethylation, hydroxylation, and reduction in phase Ⅰ metabolic reactions and by methylation or conjugation of glucuronide or sulfate in phase Ⅱ reactions. This is the first systematic study on the components and metabolic profiles of Jiao-Tai-Wan in vivo. This study provides a useful chemical basis for further pharmacological research and clinical application of Jiao-Tai-Wan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xing Gao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Guijie Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yunfang Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Qi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Pengkai Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
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23
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Dubreil E, Sczubelek L, Burkina V, Zlabek V, Sakalli S, Zamaratskaia G, Hurtaud-Pessel D, Verdon E. In vitro investigations of the metabolism of Victoria pure blue BO dye to identify main metabolites for food control in fish. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 238:124538. [PMID: 31454745 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although banned, dyes, such as Victoria pure blue BO (VPBO), are illicitly used in aquaculture to treat or prevent infections due to their therapeutic activities. The present study examined the formation of phase I and phase II metabolites derived from VPBO using trout liver microsomes and S9 proteins. The well-known malachite green (MG) dye was also studied as a positive control and to compare its metabolism with that of VPBO. First, we optimised the incubation conditions for the detection of VPBO and MG metabolites by studying the formation of cytochrome P450 (CYP) substrates. Using the determined conditions (2 h at 20 °C), we incubated VPBO with trout microsomal and S9 fractions induced with β-naphtoflavone, and analysed the supernatant in a LC-LTQ-Orbitrap-HRMS system. The in vitro assays led to the detection of 16 VPBO metabolites from Phase I reactions, arising in particular from reactions with CYP1A. No metabolites were detected from Phase II reactions. The main metabolite detected, deethyl-VPBO, was CID-fragmented to determine its chemical structure, and thus recommend a potential biomarker for the control of VPBO in farmed fish foodstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Dubreil
- ANSES Fougeres Laboratory, European Union Reference Laboratory for Antibiotic and Dye Residue in Food, CS 40608-Javene, F-35306, Fougeres, France.
| | - Luc Sczubelek
- ANSES Fougeres Laboratory, European Union Reference Laboratory for Antibiotic and Dye Residue in Food, CS 40608-Javene, F-35306, Fougeres, France
| | - Viktoriia Burkina
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters Vodnany, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Zlabek
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters Vodnany, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Sidika Sakalli
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters Vodnany, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Galia Zamaratskaia
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Molecular Science, P.O. Box 7015, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dominique Hurtaud-Pessel
- ANSES Fougeres Laboratory, European Union Reference Laboratory for Antibiotic and Dye Residue in Food, CS 40608-Javene, F-35306, Fougeres, France
| | - Eric Verdon
- ANSES Fougeres Laboratory, European Union Reference Laboratory for Antibiotic and Dye Residue in Food, CS 40608-Javene, F-35306, Fougeres, France
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24
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Glaser C, Schwientek M, Zarfl C. Designing field-based investigations of organic micropollutant fate in rivers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:28633-28649. [PMID: 31385254 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06058-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organic micropollutants in rivers are emitted via diffuse and point sources like from agricultural practice or wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Extensive laboratory and field experiments have been conducted to understand emissions and fate of these pollutants in freshwaters. Nevertheless, data is often difficult to compare since common protocols for appropriate approaches are largely missing. Thus, interpretation of the observed changes in substance concentrations and of the underlying fate of these compounds downstream of the chemical input into the river is still challenging. To narrow this research gap, (1) process understanding and (2) measurement approaches for field-based investigations are critically reviewed in this article. The review includes, on the one hand, processes that change the volume of the water (hydrological processes) and, on the other hand, processes that affect the substance mass within the water (distribution and transformation). Environmental boundary conditions for the purpose of better comparability of different attenuation studies, as well as promising state-of-the-art measurement approaches from different disciplines, are presented. This overview helps to develop a tailored procedure to assess turnover mechanisms of organic micropollutants under field conditions. In this respect, further research needs to standardize interdisciplinary approaches to increase the informative value of collected data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Glaser
- Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Marc Schwientek
- Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christiane Zarfl
- Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
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25
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Zhang Z, Tang Y, Yu B, Ying J, Wu B, Wu J, Zhao J, Chen Z, Xu J, Tang C. Chemical composition database establishment and metabolite profiling analysis of Yangyin qingfei decoction. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4581. [PMID: 31077417 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The chemical fingerprinting and metabolite profile in a rat plasma sample after intragastric administration of Yangyin qingfei decoction (YYQFD, 14 g/kg) were investigated. First, YYQFD was analyzed by UPLC/Q-TOF MS to establish the chemical composition database by comparing their retention behavior, accurate molecular mass and MS2 data with those of references or known compounds in the literature. In this database, 100 chemical constituents with information on retention time, molecular mass, molecular formula, MS2 data and compound name were identified, which can provide compound information for further metabolite profiling studies. Furthermore, 64 compounds including 37 prototypes and 27 metabolites were detected in the dosed rat plasma sample, and the metabolic pathways of YYQFD were hydrolyzation, hydroxylation, dehydrogenation, glucuronidation, glucosylation, sulfation and mixed modes. Among the five component herbs in the YYQFD, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizome and Fritillariae Thunbergii bulbs were actively metabolized, contributing 16 and 7 metabolites, respectively. It is suggested that chemical characterization and metabolite profiling studies are valuable to elucidate the material basis of herbal preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuqing Tang
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bocheng Yu
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaming Ying
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bingchu Wu
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinyi Wu
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinshun Zhao
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenjun Chen
- The Affiliated hospital of medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinyan Xu
- The Affiliated hospital of medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunlan Tang
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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26
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Yang L, Jiang H, Xing X, Yan M, Guo X, Man W, Hou A, Yang L. A Biosensor-Based Quantitative Analysis System of Major Active Ingredients in Lonicera japonica Thunb. Using UPLC-QDa and Chemometric Analysis. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091787. [PMID: 31072054 PMCID: PMC6540269 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the study, a surface plasmon resonance-based (SPR-based) competitive assay was performed to analyze different compounds’ inhibitory activity to TNF-α, an important pro-inflammatory cytokine in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases. Moreover, the single mass spectrometry (MS) detection method was coupled with an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system for the routine quality control (QC) of a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The above quality control strategy was evaluated with Lonicera japonica Thunb. Analytes were firstly separated on a Waters ACQUITYTM UPLC HSS T3 column (2.1 × 50 mm; particle size = 1.8 μm) using a 0.1% formic acid gradient elution, then detected by negative ESI mass spectrometry. The limits of quantification (LOQ) for analytes reached 0.005–0.56 μg/mL. The LOD of the QDa detector was lower than that of the PDA detector, indicating its wider detection range. The QDa detector was also more suitable for the analysis of the complex matrix of TCM. The method showed excellent linearity, with regression coefficients higher than 0.9991. The average recoveries of the investigated analytes were in the range of 98.78–105.13%, with an RSD below 3.91%. The inter-day precision range (n = 3 days) was 2.51–4.54%. Compared to other detectors, this strategy could be widely applied in the quantitative analysis of TCM. In addition, the chemically latent data could be revealed using chemometric analysis. Importantly, this study provides an efficient screening method for small-molecule inhibitors targeting the TNF-α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry ofEducation, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Hai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry ofEducation, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Xudong Xing
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry ofEducation, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Meiling Yan
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry ofEducation, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Xinyue Guo
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry ofEducation, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Wenjing Man
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry ofEducation, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Ajiao Hou
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry ofEducation, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Liu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry ofEducation, Harbin 150040, China.
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27
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Chen Y, Zhang S, Wei S, Li Y, Li W, Yan M, Deng Y, Zhang B, Cai H. Identification and analysis of components in Shen-Fu-Shu granule extract and in rat plasma after oral administration by UPLC-ESI/Q-TOF-MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 169:159-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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28
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Rudolph W, Remane D, Wissenbach DK, Peters FT. Comparative study on the metabolism of the ergot alkaloids ergocristine, ergocryptine, ergotamine, and ergovaline in equine and human S9 fractions and equine liver preparations. Xenobiotica 2019; 49:1149-1157. [PMID: 30623698 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1542187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
1. Ergopeptine alkaloids like ergovaline and ergotamine are suspected to be associated with fescue toxicosis and ergotism in horses. Information on the metabolism of ergot alkaloids is scarce, especially in horses, but needed for toxicological analysis of these drugs in urine/feces of affected horses. The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolism of ergovaline, ergotamine, ergocristine, and ergocryptine in horses and comparison to humans. 2. Supernatants of alkaloid incubations with equine and human liver S9 fractions were analyzed by reversed-phase liquid-chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry with full scan and MS2 acquisition. Metabolite structures were postulated based on their MS2 spectra in comparison to those of the parent alkaloids. All compounds were extensively metabolized yielding nor-, N-oxide, hydroxy and dihydro-diole metabolites with largely overlapping patterns in equine and human liver S9 fractions. However, some metabolic steps e.g. the formation of 8'-hydroxy metabolites were unique for human metabolism, while formation of the 13/14-hydroxy and 13,14-dihydro-diol metabolites were unique for equine metabolism. Incubations with equine whole liver preparations yielded less metabolites than the S9 fractions. 3. The acquired data can be used to develop metabolite-based screenings for these alkaloids, which will likely extend their detection windows in urine/feces from affected horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Rudolph
- a Institute of Forensic Medicine , Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany
| | - Daniela Remane
- a Institute of Forensic Medicine , Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany
| | - Dirk K Wissenbach
- a Institute of Forensic Medicine , Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany
| | - Frank T Peters
- a Institute of Forensic Medicine , Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany
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29
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Johnsi Rani P, Vishnuvardhan C, Nimbalkar RD, Garg P, Satheeshkumar N. Metabolite characterization of ambrisentan, in in vitro and in vivo matrices by UHPLC/QTOF/MS/MS: Detection of glutathione conjugate of epoxide metabolite evidenced by in vitro GSH trapping assay. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 155:320-328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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30
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Huang M, Cheng Z, Wang L, Feng Y, Huang J, Du Z, Jiang H. A targeted strategy to identify untargeted metabolites from in vitro to in vivo: Rapid and sensitive metabolites profiling of licorice in rats using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1092:40-50. [PMID: 29883888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It is challenging to conduct in vivo metabolic study for traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) because of complex components, unpredictable metabolic pathways and low metabolite concentrations. Herein, we proposed a sensitive strategy to characterize TCM metabolites in vivo at an orally clinical dose using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTRAP-MS). Firstly, the metabolism of individual compounds in rat liver microsomes was studied to obtain the metabolic pathways and fragmentation patterns. The untargeted metabolites in vitro were detected by multiple ion monitoring-enhanced product ion (EPI) and neutral loss-EPI scans. Subsequently, a sensitive multiple reaction monitoring-EPI method was developed according to the in vitro results and predicted metabolites to profile the in vivo metabolites. Licorice as a model herb was used to evaluate and validate our strategy. A clinical dose of licorice water extract was orally administered to rats, then a total of 45 metabolites in urine, 21 metabolites in feces and 35 metabolites in plasma were detected. Among them, 18 minor metabolites have not been reported previously and 6 minor metabolites were first detected in vivo. Several isomeric metabolites were well separated and differentiated in our strategy. These results suggested that this new strategy could be widely used for the detection and characterization of in vivo metabolites of TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhongzhe Cheng
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yulin Feng
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiangeng Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhifeng Du
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongliang Jiang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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31
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Olejnik M, Radko L, Jedziniak P. Identification of metabolites of anticancer candidate salinomycin using liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight and hybrid triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:629-634. [PMID: 29441626 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Salinomycin is an ionophore antibiotic with potential anticancer activity. The history of its use in veterinary medicine shows large differences in species susceptibility to its toxicity. At the same time, the results of research to date suggest a correlation between the extent and pathways of ionophore biotransformation and its toxicity. The biotransformation pattern of salinomycin has not been studied so far. METHODS Extracts from culture media of human hepatoma cells (HepG2) exposed to salinomycin were analysed with two mass spectrometry techniques. For the first one, micro-liquid chromatography coupled with a quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometer was used. In the second approach, high-performance liquid chromatography was coupled with a hybrid triple quadrupole linear ion trap. Both experiments were operated in positive electrospray ionization mode. To identify unknown salinomycin metabolites, information-dependent acquisition was applied. RESULTS Metabolites identified with tandem mass spectrometry included hydroxylated, demethylated and hydroxylated-demethylated derivatives, in total 14 compounds. Using high resolution, only eight isomers of hydroxysalinomycin were detected. The efficiency of biotransformation was low, and so was the abundance of the signals; only for two metabolites did the signal exceed 1% of the salinomycin signal. The analysis of fragmentation patterns narrowed the structure combinations but the actual modification site could not be specified. CONCLUSIONS Tandem mass spectrometry was more sensitive in the identification of salinomycin metabolites in comparison to the Q-TOF approach. Because of low efficiency of biotransformation of the applied model, the obtained fragmentation data are not sufficient to fully characterize the detected compounds. A study with more metabolically active primary hepatocytes is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Olejnik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Lidia Radko
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Piotr Jedziniak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100, Pulawy, Poland
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Kachingwe BH, Wang LH, Uang YS, Huang TJ, Lin SJ. Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics and tentative identification of urine metabolites from an isosteviol derivative with anti-hepatitis B activity in rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4266. [PMID: 29689637 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Compound 1 (ent-16-oxobeyeran-19-N-methylureido) is a semisynthetic isosteviol derivative that shows anti-hepatitis B virus activity in Huh7 cells by affecting viral DNA transcription and the Toll-like receptor 2/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway. Thus, the pharmacokinetics and metabolite identification were studied as part of the discovery and development process of compound 1. The pharmacokinetics was evaluated after administration to rats at an intravenous dose of 2 mg/kg, and oral doses of 2, 5 and 10 mg/kg. Plasma concentrations were determined using LC-MS/MS. Moreover, urine samples from rats dosed at 10 mg/kg were scanned for metabolites using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. Results for the intravenously administered dose of 2 mg/kg showed that the area under the concentration-time curve was 65,223.31 ± 4269.80 ng min/mL, and the systemic clearance was 0.031 ± 0.0021 L/min. Oral pharmacokinetic parameters were dose-dependent, showing nonproportional increases in the oral AUCs with respective values of 4371.62 ± 3084.81, 22,472.75 ± 9103.33 and 135,141.83 ± 38,934.03 ng min/mL for 2, 5 and 10 mg/kg. The bioavailability was low at 1.5% for 2 mg/kg dose, and at 1.1% for both 5 and 10 mg/kg doses. Metabolites excreted in the urine indicate possible N-oxidation and glucuronide conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baxter Hepburn Kachingwe
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Li-Hsuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yow-Shieng Uang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Rosetta Pharmamate Co. Ltd, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Shwu-Jiuan Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- PhD Program in Clinical Drug Development of Chinese Herbs Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
Drug metabolites have been monitored with various types of newly developed techniques and/or combination of common analytical methods, which could provide a great deal of information on metabolite profiling. Because it is not easy to analyze whole drug metabolites qualitatively and quantitatively, a single solution of analytical techniques is combined in a multilateral manner to cover the widest range of drug metabolites. Mass-based spectroscopic analysis of drug metabolites has been expanded with the help of other parameter-based methods. The current development of metabolism studies through contemporary pharmaceutical research are reviewed with an overview on conventionally used spectroscopic methods. Several technical approaches for conducting drug metabolic profiling through spectroscopic methods are discussed in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Jae Yi
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 120 Haeryong-ro, Pocheon-Si, Gyeonggi-do, 11160, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongsoon Park
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Je Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyu Rhee
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo Sung Son
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 120 Haeryong-ro, Pocheon-Si, Gyeonggi-do, 11160, Republic of Korea.
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Exploring the Metabolism of (+)-[ 18F]Flubatine in Vitro and in Vivo: LC-MS/MS Aided Identification of Radiometabolites in a Clinical PET Study. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020464. [PMID: 29461507 PMCID: PMC6017759 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Both (+)-[18F]flubatine and its enantiomer (−)-[18F]flubatine are radioligands for the neuroimaging of α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) by positron emission tomography (PET). In a clinical study in patients with early Alzheimer’s disease, (+)-[18F]flubatine ((+)-[18F]1) was examined regarding its metabolic fate, in particular by identification of degradation products detected in plasma and urine. The investigations included an in vivo study of (+)-flubatine ((+)-1) in pigs and structural elucidation of formed metabolites by LC-MS/MS. Incubations of (+)-1 and (+)-[18F]1 with human liver microsomes were performed to generate in vitro metabolites, as well as radiometabolites, which enabled an assignment of their structures by comparison of LC-MS/MS and radio-HPLC data. Plasma and urine samples taken after administration of (+)-[18F]1 in humans were examined by radio-HPLC and, on the basis of results obtained in vitro and in vivo, formed radiometabolites were identified. In pigs, (+)-1 was monohydroxylated at different sites of the azabicyclic ring system of the molecule. Additionally, one intermediate metabolite underwent glucuronidation, as also demonstrated in vitro. In humans, a fraction of 95.9 ± 1.9% (n = 10) of unchanged tracer remained in plasma, 30 min after injection. However, despite the low metabolic degradation, both radiometabolites formed in humans could be characterized as (i) a product of C-hydroxylation at the azabicyclic ring system, and (ii) a glucuronide conjugate of the precedingly-formed N8-hydroxylated (+)-[18F]1.
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Stuchlíková LR, Skálová L, Szotáková B, Syslová E, Vokřál I, Vaněk T, Podlipná R. Biotransformation of flubendazole and fenbendazole and their effects in the ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 147:681-687. [PMID: 28934712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although veterinary anthelmintics represent an important source of environmental pollution, the fate of anthelmintics and their effects in plants has not yet been studied sufficiently. The aim of our work was to identify metabolic pathways of the two benzimidazole anthelmintics fenbendazole (FBZ) and flubendazole (FLU) in the ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.). Plants cultivated as in vitro regenerants were used for this purpose. The effects of anthelmintics and their biotransformation products on plant oxidative stress parameters were also studied. The obtained results showed that the enzymatic system of the ribwort plantain was able to uptake FLU and FBZ, translocate them in leaves and transform them into several metabolites, particularly glycosides. Overall, 12 FLU and 22 FBZ metabolites were identified in the root, leaf base and leaf top of the plant. Concerning the effects of FLU and FBZ, both anthelmintics in the ribwort plantain cells caused significant increase of proline concentration (up to twice), a well-known stress marker, and significant decrease of superoxide dismutase activity (by 50%). In addition, the activities of four other antioxidant enzymes were significantly changed after either FLU or FBZ exposition. This could indicate a certain risk of oxidative damage in plants influenced by anthelmintics, particularly when they are under other stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Raisová Stuchlíková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Skálová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Szotáková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Eliška Syslová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Science, Rozvojová 313, 165 02 Praha 6 - Lysolaje, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivan Vokřál
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomáš Vaněk
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Science, Rozvojová 313, 165 02 Praha 6 - Lysolaje, Czech Republic.
| | - Radka Podlipná
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Science, Rozvojová 313, 165 02 Praha 6 - Lysolaje, Czech Republic.
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Zietek BM, Mladic M, Bruyneel B, Niessen WMA, Honing M, Somsen GW, Kool J. Nanofractionation Platform with Parallel Mass Spectrometry for Identification of CYP1A2 Inhibitors in Metabolic Mixtures. SLAS DISCOVERY 2017; 23:283-293. [PMID: 29262760 DOI: 10.1177/2472555217746323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
With early assessment of inhibitory properties of drug candidates and their circulating metabolites toward cytochrome P450 enzymes, drug attrition, especially later in the drug development process, can be decreased. Here we describe the development and validation of an at-line nanofractionation platform, which was applied for screening of CYP1A2 inhibitors in Phase I metabolic mixtures. With this platform, a metabolic mixture is separated by liquid chromatography (LC), followed by parallel nanofractionation on a microtiter well plate and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. After solvent evaporation, all metabolites present in the nanofractionated mixture are assayed utilizing a fluorescence CYP1A2 inhibition bioassay performed on the plate. Next, a bioactivity chromatogram is constructed from the bioassay results. By peak shape and retention time correlation of the bioactivity peaks with the obtained MS data, CYP1A2-bioactive inhibiting metabolites can be identified. The method correctly evaluated the potency of five CYP1A2 inhibitors. Mixtures comprising potent inhibitors of CYP1A2 or in vitro-generated metabolites of ellipticine were evaluated for their inhibitory bioactivities. In both cases, good LC separation of all compounds was achieved and bioactivity data could be accurately correlated with the parallel recorded MS data. Generation and evaluation of Phase II metabolites of hydroxylated ellipticine was also pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara M Zietek
- 1 Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marija Mladic
- 1 Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ben Bruyneel
- 1 Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wilfried M A Niessen
- 1 Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,3 hyphen MassSpec, Voorhout, Netherlands
| | - Maarten Honing
- 1 Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,2 DSM Materials Science Center, Geleen, Netherlands
| | - Govert W Somsen
- 1 Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Kool
- 1 Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Wang F, Shang Z, Xu L, Wang Z, Zhao W, Mei X, Lu J, Zhang JY. Profiling and identification of chlorogenic acid metabolites in rats by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. Xenobiotica 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2017.1343963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhibin Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, and
| | | | | | - Jianqiu Lu
- Library of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jia Yu Zhang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, and
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38
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Arthur KL, Turner MA, Brailsford AD, Kicman AT, Cowan DA, Reynolds JC, Creaser CS. Rapid Analysis of Anabolic Steroid Metabolites in Urine by Combining Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry with Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2017; 89:7431-7437. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kayleigh L. Arthur
- Centre
for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A. Turner
- Centre
for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Alan D. Brailsford
- Drug
Control Centre, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew T. Kicman
- Drug
Control Centre, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Cowan
- Drug
Control Centre, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - James C. Reynolds
- Centre
for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Colin S. Creaser
- Centre
for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
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39
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Ziarrusta H, Mijangos L, Izagirre U, Plassmann MM, Benskin JP, Anakabe E, Olivares M, Zuloaga O. Bioconcentration and Biotransformation of Amitriptyline in Gilt-Head Bream. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:2464-2471. [PMID: 28106990 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Extensive global use of the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor Amitriptyline (AMI) for treatment of mental health problems has led to its common occurrence in the aquatic environment. To assess AMI bioconcentration factors, tissue distribution, and metabolite formation in fish, we exposed gilt-head bream (Sparus aurata) to AMI in seawater for 7 days at two concentrations (0.2 μg/L and 10 μg/L). Day 7 proportional bioconcentration factors (BCFs) ranged from 6 (10 μg/L dose, muscle) to 127 (0.2 μg/L dose, brain) and were consistently larger at the low dose level. The relative tissue distribution of AMI was consistent at both doses, with concentrations decreasing in the order brain ≈ gill > liver > plasma > bile ≫ muscle. Using a suspect screening workflow based on liquid chromatography-high resolution (Orbitrap) mass spectrometry we identified 33 AMI metabolites (both Phase I and Phase II), occurring mostly in bile, liver and plasma. Ten structures are reported for the first time. Remarkably, all 33 metabolites retained the tricyclic ring structure common to tricyclic antidepressants, which may be toxicologically relevant. Collectively these data indicate that, in addition to AMI, a broad suite of metabolites should be included in biomonitoring campaigns in order to fully characterize exposure in aquatic wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizea Ziarrusta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) , Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leire Mijangos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) , Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Urtzi Izagirre
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) , Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Merle M Plassmann
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan P Benskin
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eneritz Anakabe
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) , Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Maitane Olivares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) , Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Olatz Zuloaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) , Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) , Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
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40
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Observation of a positive interference in LC-MS/MS measurement of d6-25-OH-vitamin D3. CLINICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinms.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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41
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Metabolite identification of bentysrepinine (Y101), a novel anti-HBV agent in rats using a five-step strategy based on a combined workflow with two different platforms of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1040:118-128. [PMID: 27978466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bentysrepinine (Y101), a derivative of repensine (a compound isolated from Dichondrarepens Forst), is a novel phenyalanine dipeptide inhibiting DNA-HBV and cccDNA activities and is currently under development for the treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected hepatitis. Our previous study implied that there might be an existence of extensive metabolism of Y101 in rats. Therefore, it is necessary to perform metabolic profiling study to further evaluate its safety and drug-like properties. In this study, the metabolism of Y101 in rats was investigated by a convincible five-step strategy to characterize metabolites in plasma and that excreted into urine, bile and feces. The five-step strategy was realized by using an combined workflow on two different MS platforms, including various scan modes of liquid chromatography with hybrid quadruple-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (LC-QTRAP-MS/MS) and various post-acquiring data mining tools of liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS/MS). QTOF MS/MS was employed as a powerful complementary tool to enable high confidence of metabolites identification using its functions of accurate MS and MS/MS fragmentation. As a result, a total of 30 metabolites were detected, including 25 phase I and 5 phase II metabolites. Among them, four primary metabolites (M6-M9) were further identified by comparing with the authentic standards chemically synthesized. The possible metabolic pathways of Y101 in rats were proposed to be amide hydrolysis, monohydroxylation, dihydroxylation, N-oxidation, demethylation, methylation, glucosidation and glucuronidation. This is the first study of the metabolism of Y101 in rats. The five-step strategy was successfully used to systematically characterize metabolites of Y101 in rats, and it would be generally applied for metabolite identification of new drug candidate.
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Ma Q, Ma C, Wu F, Xiong YK, Feng Y, Liang S. Preparation and structural determination of four metabolites of senkyunolide I in rats using ultra performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:504. [PMID: 27919258 PMCID: PMC5139061 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1472-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Senkyunolide I (SEI) is one of the most important bioactive phthalides of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Umbelliferae), a Traditional Chinese Medicine. Our previous studies suggested that it might be developed as a potential treatment for migraine. Methods In this paper, we aimed to isolate and characterize the main metabolites of SEI after gavage feeding in rats. Their structures were identified precisely on the basis of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and UPLC/Q-TOF-MS spectrometry. We also established the main metabolic pathways of SEI in rats. Results Four metabolites (M1-M4) were isolated, for the first time, from bile samples of rats by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. Their structures were determined as SEI-6S-O-β-D-glucuronide (M1), SEI-7S-O-β-D-glucuronide (M2), SEI-7S-S-glutathione (M3) and SEI-7R-S-glutathione (M4) on the basis of the molecular mass of the analytes, using ultra performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and 1D and 2D NMR. Conclusions The results demonstrated that glucuronide and glutathione conjugation were the major pathways of SEI metabolism in vivo, and the configuration at the 7th-position could be inverted during glutathione conjugation.
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Andra SS, Austin C, Yang J, Patel D, Arora M. Recent advances in simultaneous analysis of bisphenol A and its conjugates in human matrices: Exposure biomarker perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 572:770-781. [PMID: 27586167 PMCID: PMC5099122 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Human exposures to bisphenol A (BPA) has attained considerable global health attention and represents one of the leading environmental contaminants with potential adverse health effects including endocrine disruption. Current practice of measuring of exposure to BPA includes the measurement of unconjugated BPA (aglycone) and total (both conjugated and unconjugated) BPA; the difference between the two measurements leads to estimation of conjugated forms. However, the measurement of BPA as the end analyte leads to inaccurate estimates from potential interferences from background sources during sample collection and analysis. BPA glucuronides (BPAG) and sulfates (BPAS) represent better candidates for biomarkers of BPA exposure, since they require in vivo metabolism and are not prone to external contamination. In this work, the primary focus was to review the current state of the art in analytical methods available to quantitate BPA conjugates. The entire analytical procedure for the simultaneous extraction and detection of aglycone BPA and conjugates is covered, from sample pre-treatment, extraction, separation, ionization, and detection. Solid phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatograph and tandem mass spectrometer analysis provides the most sensitive detection and quantification of BPA conjugates. Discussed herein are the applications of BPA conjugates analysis in human exposure assessment studies. Measuring these potential biomarkers of BPA exposure has only recently become analytically feasible and there are limitations and challenges to overcome in biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syam S Andra
- Exposure Biology, Lautenberg Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Christine Austin
- Exposure Biology, Lautenberg Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Juan Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Dhavalkumar Patel
- Exposure Biology, Lautenberg Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Manish Arora
- Exposure Biology, Lautenberg Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Aturki Z, Fanali S, Rocco A. Online sample concentration and analysis of drugs of abuse in human urine by micelle to solvent stacking in capillary zone electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:2875-2881. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeineb Aturki
- Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Monterotondo Italy
| | - Salvatore Fanali
- Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Monterotondo Italy
| | - Anna Rocco
- Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Monterotondo Italy
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Stuchlíková L, Jirásko R, Skálová L, Pavlík F, Szotáková B, Holčapek M, Vaněk T, Podlipná R. Metabolic pathways of benzimidazole anthelmintics in harebell (Campanula rotundifolia). CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 157:10-17. [PMID: 27208642 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Benzimidazoles anthelmintics, which enter into environment primarily through excretion in the feces or urine of treated animals, can affect various organisms and disrupt ecosystem balance. The present study was designed to test the phytotoxicity and biotransformation of the three benzimidazole anthelmintics albendazole (ABZ), fenbendazole (FBZ) and flubendazole (FLU) in the harebell (Campanula rotundifolia). This meadow plant commonly grows in pastures and comes into contact with anthelmintics through the excrements of treated animals. Suspensions of harebell cells in culture medium were used as an in vitro model system. ABZ, FLU and FBZ were not found to be toxic for harebell cells, which were able to metabolize ABZ, FLU and FBZ via the formation of a wide scale of metabolites. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high mass accuracy tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) led to the identification of 24, 18 and 29 metabolites of ABZ, FLU and FBZ, respectively. Several novel metabolites were identified for the first time. Based on the obtained results, the schemes of the metabolic pathways of these anthelmintics were proposed. Most of these metabolites can be considered deactivation products, but a substantial portion of them may readily be decomposed to biologically active substances which could negatively affect ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Stuchlíková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Jirásko
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Skálová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - František Pavlík
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Szotáková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Holčapek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Vaněk
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Science, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Podlipná
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Science, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic.
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46
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Wang X, Wang D, Wang Y, Zhang P, Zhou Z, Zhu W. A combined non-targeted and targeted metabolomics approach to study the stereoselective metabolism of benalaxyl enantiomers in mouse hepatic microsomes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 212:358-365. [PMID: 26874317 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding of xenobiotic metabolism is necessary for risk assessment as well as toxicological research. In the present study, nanoLC/LTQ-Orbitrap mass based non-targeted metabolomics method coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)/triple quadrupole mass based targeted metabolomics method was carried out to investigate the stereoselective metabolism of benalaxyl in mouse hepatic microsomes. As a result, 7 metabolites of benalaxyl were identified, including 5 previously reported and 2 newly identified metabolites in present work. Hydroxylation, oxidation and esterolysis were major biotransformation reactions of benalaxyl in mouse hepatic microsomes. For stereoselective metabolism study, (-)-R-benalaxyl degraded much faster than its antipode with the t1/2 of 81.24 and 190.38 min for (-)-R- and (+)-S-benalaxyl, respectively. More importantly, stereoselectivity was also observed in the formation of the identified metabolites. In conclusion, the combined use of the mass spectrometry based targeted and non-targeted metabolomics provided a new approach to investigate stereoselective metabolism and identify novel metabolites of chiral pesticides. This study highlights the stereoselective metabolic profile of benalaxyl enantiomers and provides reliable data for benalaxyl toxicological risk assessment in mammal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dezhen Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China.
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47
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Li F, Zhang YB, Wei X, Song CH, Qiao MQ, Zhang HY. Metabolic profiling of Shu-Yu capsule in rat serum based on metabolic fingerprinting analysis using HPLC-ESI-MSn. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:4191-204. [PMID: 27052341 PMCID: PMC4838164 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chinese herbal formula, Shu-Yu capsule (SYC), has been successfully used to treat depression-like disorders in clinical settings. To rapidly identify the chemical constituents of SYC and its metabolites in rat serum, a simple and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was established in the present study. By comparing the retention times, MS and MSn spectra data in the literature and reference standards, a total of 73 compounds were identified from SYC. In rat serum, 62 components, including 13 prototype compounds and 49 metabolites were identified. Of these components, 14 metabolites were confirmed as novel metabolites of SYC. The results of the present study indicated that certain flavonoid glycosides and monoterpene glycosides were absorbed directly. Glucuronidation and sulfation were identified as the predominant metabolic pathways of the components in SYC. In addition, certain phase I reactions, including hydrolysis, demethylation and hydroxylation occurred in the rats. These results provide scientific evidence, which support further investigations of the pharmacology and mechanism of SYC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Hospital Pharmacy, Fengtai Maternal and Children's Health Hospital of Beijing, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - You-Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Xia Wei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Hong Song
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Theory, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 100044, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Qi Qiao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Theory, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 100044, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Yun Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Theory, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 100044, P.R. China
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48
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Lindholm-Lehto PC, Ahkola HSJ, Knuutinen JS, Herve SH. Widespread occurrence and seasonal variation of pharmaceuticals in surface waters and municipal wastewater treatment plants in central Finland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:7985-97. [PMID: 26769590 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5997-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The presence of five selected pharmaceuticals, consisting of four anti-inflammatory drugs, diclofenac, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen, and an antiepileptic drug carbamazepine, was determined at four municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and in the receiving waterway in central Finland. The samples were taken from influents and effluents of the WWTPs and from surface water of six locations along the water way, including northern Lake Päijänne. In addition, seasonal variation in the area was determined by comparing the concentrations in the winter and summer. The samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. The concentrations in the influents and effluents ranged from hundreds of nanogram per liter to microgram per liter while ranged from tens of nanogram per liter in northern parts of the waterway to hundreds of nanogram per liter in northern Lake Päijänne near the city area. In addition, the concentrations were higher in the winter compared to summer time in surface water due to decreased temperature and solar irradiation. On the other hand, higher concentrations of ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and naproxen were found in summer at the WWTPs, possibly due to seasonal variations in consumption. In conclusion, there are considerable amounts of pharmaceuticals not only in influents and effluents of the WWTPs but also in lake water along the waterway and in northern Lake Päijänne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra C Lindholm-Lehto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Heidi S J Ahkola
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Laboratory Centre, Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Survontie 9A, FI-40500, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Juha S Knuutinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sirpa H Herve
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Laboratory Centre, Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Survontie 9A, FI-40500, Jyväskylä, Finland
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49
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A UHPLC-UV-QTOF study on the stability of carfilzomib, a novel proteasome inhibitor. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 124:365-373. [PMID: 26994320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This study addresses the lack of data on the stability of carfilzomib, a newly approved proteasome-inhibiting anticancer drug. A new stability-indicating UHPLC-UV method for analysis of carfilzomib was developed and validated within the concentrations of 10-250 μg/mL. The aforementioned method was utilized to evaluate the effects of forced degradation and to investigate the degradation kinetics, as well as to examine drug stability in a pharmaceutical formulation. A UHPLC-QTOF method was utilized to identify the principal degradation products. It was found that carfilzomib: (1) is stable at neutral and slightly acidic pH, but prone to degradation at both high and low pH; (2) is acceptably stable in the pharmaceutical formulation; but (3) is prone to oxidation and photodegradation. Carfilzomib degradation followed first-order kinetics. The decomposition products resulted from peptide bond hydrolysis, epoxide hydrolysis, hydrogen chloride addition, base-catalyzed Robinson-Gabriel reaction, tertiary amine oxidation and isomerization. Our results document, for the first time, the inherent stability of carfilzomib and provide information about the identity of its degradation products. These results highlight the stability issues that need to be kept in mind for handling and storage of carfilzomib.
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50
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Svan A, Hedeland M, Arvidsson T, Jasper JT, Sedlak DL, Pettersson CE. Identification of transformation products from β-blocking agents formed in wetland microcosms using LC-Q-ToF. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2016; 51:207-218. [PMID: 26956388 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Identification of degradation products from trace organic compounds, which may retain the biological activity of the parent compound, is an important step in understanding the long-term effects of these compounds on the environment. Constructed wetlands have been successfully utilized to remove contaminants from wastewater effluent, including pharmacologically active compounds. However, relatively little is known about the transformation products formed during wetland treatment. In this study, three different wetland microcosm treatments were used to determine the biotransformation products of the β-adrenoreceptor antagonists atenolol, metoprolol and propranolol. LC/ESI-Q-ToF run in the MS(E) and MS/MS modes was used to identify and characterize the degradation products through the accurate masses of precursor and product ions. The results were compared with those of a reference standard when available. Several compounds not previously described as biotransformation products produced in wetlands were identified, including propranolol-O-sulfate, 1-naphthol and the human metabolite N-deaminated metoprolol. Transformation pathways were significantly affected by microcosm conditions and differed between compounds, despite the compounds' structural similarities. Altogether, a diverse range of transformation products in wetland microcosms were identified and elucidated using high resolving MS. This work shows that transformation products are not always easily predicted, nor formed via the same pathways even for structurally similar compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Svan
- Division of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, BMC Box 574, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikael Hedeland
- Division of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, BMC Box 574, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
- National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Department of Chemistry, Environment and Feed Hygiene, SE-751 89, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Arvidsson
- Division of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, BMC Box 574, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
- Medical Products Agency, Box 26, SE-751 03, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Justin T Jasper
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, United States
| | - David L Sedlak
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, United States
| | - Curt E Pettersson
- Division of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, BMC Box 574, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
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