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Huang XX, Li L, Jiang RH, Yu JB, Sun YQ, Shan J, Yang J, Ji J, Cheng SQ, Dong YF, Zhang XY, Shi HB, Liu S, Sun XL. Lipidomic analysis identifies long-chain acylcarnitine as a target for ischemic stroke. J Adv Res 2024; 61:133-149. [PMID: 37572732 PMCID: PMC11258661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lipid metabolism dysfunction is widely involved in the pathological process of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The coordination of lipid metabolism between neurons and astrocytes is of great significance. However, the full scope of lipid dynamic changes and the function of key lipids during AIS remain unknown. Hence, identifying lipid alterations and characterizing their key roles in AIS is of great importance. METHODS Untargeted and targeted lipidomic analyses were applied to profile lipid changes in the ischemic penumbra and peripheral blood of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) mice as well as the peripheral blood of AIS patients. Infarct volume and neurological deficits were assessed after tMCAO. The cell viability and dendritic complexity of primary neurons were evaluated by CCK8 assay and Sholl analysis. Seahorse, MitoTracker Green, tetramethyl rhodamine methyl ester (TMRM), 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) and MitoSOX were used as markers of mitochondrial health. Fluorescent and isotopic free fatty acid (FFA) pulse-chase assays were used to track FFA flux in astrocytes. RESULTS Long-chain acylcarnitines (LCACs) were the lipids with the most dramatic changes in the ischemic penumbra and peripheral blood of tMCAO mice. LCACs were significantly elevated on admission in AIS patients and associated with poor outcomes in AIS patients. Increasing LCACs through a bolus administration of palmitoylcarnitine amplified stroke injury, while decreasing LCACs by overexpressing carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2) ameliorated stroke injury. Palmitoylcarnitine aggravated astrocytic mitochondrial damage after OGD/R, while CPT2 overexpression in astrocytes ameliorated cocultured neuron viability. Further study revealed that astrocytes stimulated by OGD/R liberated FFAs from lipid droplets into mitochondria to form LCACs, resulting in mitochondrial damage and lowered astrocytic metabolic support and thereby aggravated neuronal damage. CONCLUSION LCACs could accumulate and damage neurons by inducing astrocytic mitochondrial dysfunction in AIS. LCACs play a crucial role in the pathology of AIS and are novel promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Huang
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Center of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Li
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Run-Hao Jiang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Bing Yu
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Qin Sun
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinjun Shan
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Ji
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu-Qi Cheng
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin-Feng Dong
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi-Yue Zhang
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai-Bin Shi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiu-Lan Sun
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Hou Q, Lin J, Xue X, Zhang Y, Qiu Z, Zhang H, Li J, Wang H, Zhang S, Yao Z, Li X, Wang F, Gu A, Liu Y. Sex and age disparities in multi-metal mixture exposure and cognitive impairment in urban elderly individuals: The mediation effect and biological function of metabolites. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 925:171736. [PMID: 38494026 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Studies on the relationships between metal mixtures exposure and cognitive impairment in elderly individuals are limited, particularly the mechanism with metabolite. Few studies are available on the potential sex and age specific associations between metal exposure, metabolites and cognitive impairment. We examined plasma metal and blood metabolite concentrations among 1068 urban elderly participants. Statistical analysis included a battery of variable selection approaches, logistic regression for metal/metabolite associations, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) to identify mixed effects of metals/metabolites on cognitive impairment risk. Our results showed that As was positively associated with cognitive impairment in the female (OR 95 % CI = 2.21 (1.36, 3.57)) and 60- to 70-year-old (OR 95 % CI = 2.60 (1.54, 4.41)) groups, Cr was positively associated with cognitive impairment in the male (OR 95 % CI = 2.15 (1.27, 3.63)) and 60- to 70-year-old (OR 95 % CI = 2.10 (1.24, 3.57)) groups, and Zn was negatively associated with cognitive impairment, especially in the female (OR 95 % CI = 0.46 (0.25, 0.84)), 60- to 70-year-old (OR 95 % CI =0.24 (0.12, 0.45)) and ≥ 80-year-old (OR 95 % CI = 0.19 (0.04, 0.86)) groups. Positive associations were observed between combined metals (Cr, Cu and As) and cognitive impairment, but Zn alleviated this tendency, especially in elderly individuals aged ≥80 years. Negative associations were observed between metabolites and cognitive impairment, especially in male, female and 60-70 years old groups. The mediation effects of metabolites on the association between metal exposure and cognitive impairment were observed, and the percentages of these effects were 15.60 % (Glu-Cr), 23.00 % (C5:1-Cu) and 16.36 % (Glu-Zn). Cr, Cu, and Zn could increase cognitive impairment risk through the "Malate-Aspartate Shuttle", "Glucose-Alanine Cycle", etc., pathways. Overall, we hypothesize that metabolites have mediation effects on the relationship between multi-metal exposure and cognitive impairment and that there are sex and age differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhi Hou
- School of public health and management, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.6699 Qingdao Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan 250117, PR China.
| | - Jiujing Lin
- School of public health and management, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.6699 Qingdao Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan 250117, PR China
| | - Xiangsheng Xue
- School of public health and management, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.6699 Qingdao Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan 250117, PR China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- School of public health and management, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.6699 Qingdao Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan 250117, PR China
| | - Zhanhui Qiu
- School of public health and management, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.6699 Qingdao Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan 250117, PR China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- School of public health and management, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.6699 Qingdao Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan 250117, PR China
| | - Jia Li
- School of public health and management, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.6699 Qingdao Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan 250117, PR China
| | - Harry Wang
- School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Shuping Zhang
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.6699 Qingdao Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan 250117, PR China
| | - Zhigang Yao
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324 Fifth Ring Road and the Seventh Ring Road, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- School of public health and management, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.6699 Qingdao Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan 250117, PR China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Qingxiu District, Nanning 530021, PR China
| | - Aihua Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, No101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211166, PR China.
| | - Yajun Liu
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 31 Xinjiekou East Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100035, PR China; Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, No. 31 Xinjiekou East Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100035, PR China.
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Pajares-García S, González de Aledo-Castillo JM, Flores-Jiménez JE, Collado T, Pérez J, Paredes-Fuentes AJ, Argudo-Ramírez A, López-Galera RM, Prats B, García-Villoria J. Analysis of a second-tier test panel in dried blood spot samples using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in Catalonia's newborn screening programme. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:493-505. [PMID: 37794778 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acylcarnitine and amino acid analyses of dried blood spot (DBS) samples using tandem mass spectrometry in newborn screening (NBS) programmes can generate false positive (FP) results. Therefore, implementation of second-tier tests (2TTs) using DBS samples has become increasingly important to avoid FPs. The most widely used 2TT metabolites include methylmalonic acid, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, methylcitric acid, and homocysteine. METHODS We simultaneously measured 46 underivatised metabolites, including organic acids, acylglycine and acylcarnitine isomers, homocysteine, and orotic acid, in DBS samples using tandem mass spectrometry. To validate this method, we analysed samples from 147 healthy newborns, 160 patients with genetic disorders diagnosed via NBS, 20 patients with acquired vitamin B12 deficiency, 10 newborns receiving antibiotic treatment, and nine external quality control samples. RESULTS The validation study revealed that 31 metabolites showed good analytical performance. Furthermore, this method detected key metabolites for all diseases associated with increased levels of the following acylcarnitines: C3, C4, C5, C4DC/C5OH, and C5DC. The sensitivity of this method to detect all diseases was 100 %, and the specificity was 74-99 %, except for glutaric aciduria type 1. This method can also be used to diagnose mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation disorders (FAODs) and urea cycle defects (UCDs). CONCLUSIONS We have described a 2TT panel of 31 metabolites in DBS samples based on an easy and rapid method without derivatisation. Its implementation allowed us to distinguish between different organic acidurias, some FAODs, and UCDs. This new strategy has increased the efficiency of our NBS programme by reducing FP and false negative results, second sample requests, and the time required for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Pajares-García
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Section of Inborn Errors of Metabolism-IBC, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José Eduardo Flores-Jiménez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Section of Inborn Errors of Metabolism-IBC, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tatiana Collado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Section of Inborn Errors of Metabolism-IBC, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judit Pérez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Section of Inborn Errors of Metabolism-IBC, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Abraham José Paredes-Fuentes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Section of Inborn Errors of Metabolism-IBC, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Argudo-Ramírez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Section of Inborn Errors of Metabolism-IBC, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa María López-Galera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Section of Inborn Errors of Metabolism-IBC, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute, August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Blanca Prats
- Health Department, Maternal and Child Health Service, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, The Government of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judit García-Villoria
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Section of Inborn Errors of Metabolism-IBC, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute, August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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Ivica J, Adam F, Wortel L, Kalika T, Pelly H, Gauthier J, Potter M. Development of a second-tier method for C4, C5 and C2 acylcarnitine analysis in plasma. Clin Biochem 2024; 123:110698. [PMID: 38048898 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2023.110698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acylcarnitines are typically analyzed using either a flow injection analysis (FIA) method or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods. The FIA method is a fast, efficient method, however it does not have the capability to separate compounds with the same molecular weight. These isobaric interferences can be removed by chromatographic separation with LC-MS/MS. In this study, we aimed to develop and optimize a qualitative LC-MS/MS method to separate the isobaric interferences for two-, four- and five-carbon acylcarnitines. METHODS The samples were first prepared by acylcarnitine derivatization with butanolic HCl. The developed LC-MS/MS method is a combination of isocratic and gradient elution used to separate acylcarnitines. Multiple reaction monitoring was used for determination of precursor and product ions for each acylcarnitine species as well as known interferences used in our study. We used this method to analyze quality assurance and patient samples with elevated two-, four- and five-carbon acylcarnitines. RESULTS Butyryl- and isobutyrylcarnitines as well as valeryl- and isovalerylcarnitines were successfully separated using the developed method. This method was able also to separate and distinguish acetylcarnitine from glutamate interference that has been causing overestimation of acetylcarnitine. In patients, the dominant five-carbon acylcarnitine was found to be isovalerylcarnitine. We confirmed that the majority of analyzed patient samples had additional carnitine adducts present but not valerylcarnitine. Butyryl- and isobutyrylcarnitines, in variable ratios, were present in every patient sample. CONCLUSION We developed a qualitative LC-MS/MS method for butyl-ester derivatized acylcarnitines, which can be used as a second-tier method for diagnosis and monitoring of various inborn errors of metabolism in our hospital network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josko Ivica
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Faisal Adam
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lyse Wortel
- Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Teresa Kalika
- Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather Pelly
- Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeannette Gauthier
- Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Murray Potter
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Luque-Córdoba D, Calderón-Santiago M, Priego-Capote F. Combining data acquisition modes in liquid-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for comprehensive determination of acylcarnitines in human serum. Metabolomics 2022; 18:59. [PMID: 35859020 PMCID: PMC9300566 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01916-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Acylcarnitines (ACs) are metabolites involved in fatty acid β-oxidation and organic acid metabolism. Metabolic disorders associated to these two processes can be evaluated by determining the complete profile of ACs. In this research, we present an overall strategy for identification, confirmation, and quantitative determination of acylcarnitines in human serum. By this strategy we identified the presence of 47 ACs from C2 to C24 with detection of the unsaturation degree by application of a data-independent acquisition (DIA) liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. Complementary, quantitative determination of ACs is based on a high-throughput and fully automated method consisting of solid-phase extraction on-line coupled to LC-MS/MS in data-dependent acquisition (DDA) to improve analytical features avoiding the errors associated to sample processing. Quantitation limits were at pg mL-1 level, the intra-day and between-day variability were below 15-20%, respectively; and the accuracy, expressed as bias, was always within ± 25%. The proposed method was tested with 40 human volunteers to determine the relative concentration of ACs in serum and identify predominant forms. Significant differences were detected by comparing the ACs profile of obese versus non-obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Luque-Córdoba
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Córdoba, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, Córdoba, Spain
- Nanochemistry University Institute (IUNAN), University of Córdoba, Campus of Rabanales, Córdoba, Spain
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Frailty & Healthy Ageing, Carlos III Institute of Health, CIBERFES, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Calderón-Santiago
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Córdoba, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, Córdoba, Spain
- Nanochemistry University Institute (IUNAN), University of Córdoba, Campus of Rabanales, Córdoba, Spain
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Frailty & Healthy Ageing, Carlos III Institute of Health, CIBERFES, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Priego-Capote
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Córdoba, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, Córdoba, Spain.
- Nanochemistry University Institute (IUNAN), University of Córdoba, Campus of Rabanales, Córdoba, Spain.
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Frailty & Healthy Ageing, Carlos III Institute of Health, CIBERFES, Madrid, Spain.
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Luna C, Griffin C, Miller MJ. A clinically validated method to separate and quantify underivatized acylcarnitines and carnitine metabolic intermediates using mixed-mode chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1663:462749. [PMID: 34954532 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Acylcarnitines are intermediate metabolites of the mitochondria that serve as biomarkers for inherited disorders of fatty acid oxidation and amino acid metabolism. The prevailing clinical method used to quantify acylcarnitines involves flow-injection tandem mass spectrometry, an approach with a number of limitations; foremost the inability to separate and therefore distinguish key isobaric acylcarnitine species. To address these issues, we report a clinically validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method to quantify acylcarnitines, free carnitine, and carnitine metabolic intermediates in human plasma. Importantly, this method resolves clinically relevant isobaric and isomeric acylcarnitine species in a single 22 min analysis without the use of ion pairing or derivatization reagents. This unique combination of features is not achievable by existing acylcarnitine methods and is made possible by the use of a novel mixed-mode chromatographic separation. Further clinical validation studies demonstrate excellent limits of quantification, linearity, accuracy, and inter-assay precision for analyses of 38 different calibrated analytes. An additional 28 analytes are semi-quantitatively analyzed using surrogate calibrators. The study of residual patient specimens confirms the clinical utility of this method and suggests expanded applicability to the diagnosis of peroxisomal disorders. In summary, we report a clinically validated acylcarnitine method that utilizes a novel mixed-mode chromatographic separation to provide a number of advantages in terms of specificity, accuracy, sample preparation time, and clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Luna
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 975 W. Walnut St., IB-344C, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Chandler Griffin
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 975 W. Walnut St., IB-344C, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Marcus J Miller
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 975 W. Walnut St., IB-344C, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States.
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Drews B, Milojevic V, Robles M, Wimel L, Dubois C, Vegas AR, Giller K, Chavatte-Palmer P, Daniel H, Giesbertz P, Bruckmaier R, Ulbrich SE. Moderate differences in plasma leptin in mares have no effect on either the amino acid or the fatty acid composition of the uterine fluid. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 109:103827. [PMID: 34843890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Female mammalian reproductive functions are closely linked to body condition and metabolic status. Energy homeostasis is regulated by endocrine hormones such as insulin, IGF-I, leptin and adiponectin via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. These metabolic hormones and their receptors are also expressed in reproductive tissues and the embryo. We investigated the relationship between circulating leptin and the fatty acid (FA) and amino acid (AA) composition of the equine uterine fluid (UF) and peripheral blood plasma (BP) by using a mass spectrometry-based approach. UF and BP were collected from ten broodmares on days 6 and 7 post ovulation, respectively. The mares were retrospectively assigned to two groups according to their BP leptin concentrations (high leptin (> 1.6 ng/ml) versus low leptin (<0.8 ng/ml)). Specific AA and FA compositions for BP and UF were found with different levels of respective metabolite abundances. The main FAs in BP were stearic, palmitic and linoleic acid. In UF, the three most abundant FAs were eicosapentaenoic, arachidonic and stearic acid. The AA profile of BP was dominated by glycine, glutamine, serine and alanine, which were likewise among the highly abundant AAs in UF. In UF, glutamic acid had by far the highest concentration. Therefore, BP leptin concentration within a physiological range do not seem to affect the specific FA nor the AA composition of the UF. The composition of the UF may therefore be mediated by local rather than by peripheral metabolic hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Drews
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Vladimir Milojevic
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Morgane Robles
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - L Wimel
- IFCE, Station expérimentale de la Valade, 19370 Chamberet, France.
| | - C Dubois
- IFCE, Station expérimentale de la Valade, 19370 Chamberet, France.
| | - A Rudolf Vegas
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - K Giller
- ETH Zurich, Animal Nutrition, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - P Chavatte-Palmer
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - H Daniel
- Nutritional Physiology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - P Giesbertz
- Nutritional Physiology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany.
| | - Rupert Bruckmaier
- Veterinary Physiology, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty Bern, University of Bern, Switzerland.
| | - S E Ulbrich
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Analytical Evaluation of the Ideal Strategy for High-Throughput Flow Injection Analysis by Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Routine Newborn Screening. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11080473. [PMID: 34436414 PMCID: PMC8399422 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to clinical laboratories and the advent of expanded newborn screening (NBS) were crucial changes to public health programs worldwide. Speed, robustness, accuracy, selectivity, and specificity of analysis are all requirements of expanded NBS and are needed to minimize false positive results risks, to possibly eliminate false negatives, and to improve the positive predictive value of NBS. In this study, we firstly evaluated the analytical performances of the RenataDX Screening System, a fully integrated flow-injection MS/MS (FIA-MS/MS) IVD system for high-throughput dried blood spot (DBS) analysis in a routine NBS laboratory. Since a choice of several commercial NBS kits is available, we sought to compare NeoBaseTM 2 (PerkinElmer®) and MassChrom® (Chromsystems) non-derivatized kits on the RenataDX platform by evaluating their analytical performances. Moreover, we verified the degree of correlation between data obtained by the two different NBS MS/MS kits by FIA-MS/MS of over 500 samples. Our data suggest that both methods correlate well with clinically insignificant differences that do not impact the NBS result. Finally, while NeoBase™ 2 offers an easier and faster sample preparation, MassChrom® provides a cleaner sample extract which empirically should improve instrument reliability.
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Emwas AHM, Al-Rifai N, Szczepski K, Alsuhaymi S, Rayyan S, Almahasheer H, Jaremko M, Brennan L, Lachowicz JI. You Are What You Eat: Application of Metabolomics Approaches to Advance Nutrition Research. Foods 2021; 10:1249. [PMID: 34072780 PMCID: PMC8229064 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A healthy condition is defined by complex human metabolic pathways that only function properly when fully satisfied by nutritional inputs. Poor nutritional intakes are associated with a number of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and osteoporosis. In recent years, nutrition science has undergone an extraordinary transformation driven by the development of innovative software and analytical platforms. However, the complexity and variety of the chemical components present in different food types, and the diversity of interactions in the biochemical networks and biological systems, makes nutrition research a complicated field. Metabolomics science is an "-omic", joining proteomics, transcriptomics, and genomics in affording a global understanding of biological systems. In this review, we present the main metabolomics approaches, and highlight the applications and the potential for metabolomics approaches in advancing nutritional food research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Hamid M. Emwas
- Imaging and Characterization Core Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nahla Al-Rifai
- Environmental Technology Management (2005-2012), College for Women, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait;
| | - Kacper Szczepski
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.); (S.A.); (M.J.)
| | - Shuruq Alsuhaymi
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.); (S.A.); (M.J.)
| | - Saleh Rayyan
- Chemistry Department, Birzeit University, Birzeit 627, Palestine;
| | - Hanan Almahasheer
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam 31441-1982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.); (S.A.); (M.J.)
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- Institute of Food and Health and Conway Institute, School of Agriculture & Food Science, Dublin 4, Ireland;
| | - Joanna Izabela Lachowicz
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
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10
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Zhou W, Cai H, Li H, Ji Z, Gu M. Quantification of Differential Metabolites in Dried Blood Spots Using Second-Tier Testing for SCADD/IBDD Disorders Based on Large-Scale Newborn Screening in a Chinese Population. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:757424. [PMID: 34869113 PMCID: PMC8639864 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.757424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although newborn screening (NBS) for metabolic defects using the marker butyl carnitine (C4) combined with the C4-to-acetylcarnitine ratio is adequate, the incorporation of novel parameters may improve differential testing for these disorders without compromising sensitivity. Methods: Analytical and clinical performance was evaluated by MS/MS using 237 initially positive neonatal samples between March 2019 and March 2020 at the Newborn Screening Center of Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital. Additionally, second-tier testing by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) combined with the quantification of ethylmalonate (EMA) or isobutyryl-glycine (IBG) in dried blood spots (DBSs) was performed to reduce the false-positive rate. Results: We reviewed initial MS/MS data for DBSs from 469,730 neonates, and a second-tier test was performed using 237 samples that exceeded the C4 concentration cutoff value. Eleven variants of the ACADS gene were identified, with c.1031A>G (p.E344G) being the most common. Fifteen ACAD8 mutations were identified in seven patients, and Swiss modeling and amino acid conservation analyses were conducted for the novel variants. Based on a retrospective analysis of EMA and IBG, the application of second-tier tests before the release of neonatal screening results reduced referrals by over 91.89% and improved the positive predictive value (PPV) for short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency/isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SCADD/IBDD) screening. Conclusion: A screening algorithm including EMA/IBG improves target differential testing for NBS and may eliminate unnecessary referrals while maintaining 100% sensitivity. Second-tier screening using UPLC-MS/MS as a rapid and convenient supplemental DNA sequencing method may be beneficial for differential detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Newborn Screening Center, The Affiliated Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Heng Cai
- Pharmacology College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Huizhong Li
- Newborn Screening Center, The Affiliated Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhe Ji
- The First Clinical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Maosheng Gu
- Newborn Screening Center, The Affiliated Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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11
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Zhang K, Han Y, Zhao Q, Zhan T, Li Y, Sun W, Li S, Sun D, Si X, Yu X, Qin Y, Tang C, Zhang J. Targeted Metabolomics Analysis Reveals that Dietary Supranutritional Selenium Regulates Sugar and Acylcarnitine Metabolism Homeostasis in Pig Liver. J Nutr 2020; 150:704-711. [PMID: 32060554 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between high selenium (Se) intake and metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes has raised great concern, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE Through targeted metabolomics analysis, we examined the liver sugar and acylcarnitine metabolism responses to supranutritional selenomethionine (SeMet) supplementation in pigs. METHODS Thirty-six castrated male pigs (Duroc-Landrace-Yorkshire, 62.0 ± 3.3 kg) were fed SeMet adequate (Se-A, 0.25 mg Se/kg) or SeMet supranutritional (Se-S, 2.5 mg Se/kg) diets for 60 d. The Se concentration, biochemical, gene expression, enzyme activity, and energy-targeted metabolite profiles were analyzed. RESULTS The Se-S group had greater fasting serum concentrations of glucose (1.9-fold), insulin (1.4-fold), and free fatty acids (FFAs,1.3-fold) relative to the Se-A group (P < 0.05). The liver total Se concentration was 4.2-fold that of the Se-A group in the Se-S group (P < 0.05), but expression of most selenoprotein genes and selenoenzyme activity did not differ between the 2 groups. Seven of 27 targeted sugar metabolites and 4 of 21 acylcarnitine metabolites significantly changed in response to high SeMet (P < 0.05). High SeMet supplementation significantly upregulated phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase (PEPCK) activity by 64.4% and decreased hexokinase and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity by 46.5-56.7% (P < 0.05). The relative contents of glucose, dihydroxyacetone phosphate, α-ketoglutarate, fumarate, malate, erythrose-4-phosphate, and sedoheptulose-7-phosphate in the Se-S group were 21.1-360% greater than those in the Se-A group (P < 0.05). The expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN) and the relative contents of carnitine, hexanoyl-carnitine, decanoyl-carnitine, and tetradecanoyl-carnitine in the Se-S group were 35-97% higher than those in the Se-A group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Dietary high SeMet-induced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia were associated with suppression of sugar metabolism and elevation of lipid synthesis in pig livers. Our research provides novel insights into high SeMet intake-induced type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yunsheng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tengfei Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenjuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dandan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xueyang Si
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaonan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuchang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chaohua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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12
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Schöttl T, Pachl F, Giesbertz P, Daniel H, Kuster B, Fromme T, Klingenspor M. Proteomic and Metabolite Profiling Reveals Profound Structural and Metabolic Reorganization of Adipocyte Mitochondria in Obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:590-600. [PMID: 32034895 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have revealed decreased mitochondrial respiration in adipocytes of obese mice. This study aimed to identify the molecular underpinnings of altered mitochondrial metabolism in adipocytes. METHODS Untargeted proteomics of mitochondria isolated from adipocytes and metabolite profiling of adipose tissues were conducted in diet-induced obese (DIO) and lean mice. Subcutaneous and intra-abdominal adipose tissues were studied to depict depot-specific alterations. RESULTS In subcutaneous adipocytes of DIO mice, changes in proteins related to mitochondrial structure and function were observed. Mitochondrial proteins of the inner and outer membrane were strongly reduced, whereas proteins of key matrix metabolic pathways were increased in the obese versus lean state, as further substantiated by metabolite profiling. A pronounced decrease in the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) enzymatic equipment and cristae density of the inner membrane was identified. In intra-abdominal adipocytes, similar systematic downregulation of the OXPHOS machinery in obesity occurred, but there was no regulation of outer membrane or matrix proteins. CONCLUSIONS Protein components of the OXPHOS machinery are systematically downregulated in adipose tissues of DIO mice compared with lean mice. Loss of the mitochondrial OXPHOS capacity in adipocytes may aggravate the development of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Schöttl
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- EKFZ-Else Kröner Fresenius Zentrum for Nutritional Medicine, Technical Universtiy of Munich, Freising, Germany
- ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Fiona Pachl
- ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Pieter Giesbertz
- Chair of Nutritional Physiology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- Chair of Nutritional Physiology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Tobias Fromme
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- EKFZ-Else Kröner Fresenius Zentrum for Nutritional Medicine, Technical Universtiy of Munich, Freising, Germany
- ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- EKFZ-Else Kröner Fresenius Zentrum for Nutritional Medicine, Technical Universtiy of Munich, Freising, Germany
- ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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13
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Chiumia D, Hankele AK, Drews B, Zehnder T, Berard J, Giesbertz P, Ulbrich SE, Giller K. Alpine and lowland grazing differentially alter the reproductive tract redox milieu and amino acid composition in cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 213:106268. [PMID: 31987321 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An alpine environment is unique due to pasture biodiversity, with an abundant content of natural antioxidant polyphenols. The present study investigated the effects of lowland and alpine grazing on the oviduct and uterine tissue redox status and amino acid concentrations in plasma and reproductive fluids. In the first experiment, heifers grazed on lowland (H-LOW: n = 13) and on alpine (H-ALP: n = 15) pastures. In the second experiment, heifers grazed on the same lowland (HS-LOW: n = 6) and on a different alpine (HS-ALP: n = 6) pasture. The abundance of mRNA transcripts for antioxidant enzymes in the oviduct (glutathione S-transferase alpha 2, glutathione synthetase (GSS)) and the endometrium (catalase, glutathione-disulfide reductase, GSS) was less (P < 0.05), and for glutathione peroxidase 4 in the endometrium greater (P = 0.006) in the H-LOW than in the H-ALP group. The abundance of mRNA transcript for catalase was less in the endometrium in the H-LOW than in the H-ALP (P = 0.001) group. Catalase and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 concentrations in the oviduct were greater in the HS-LOW than in the HS-ALP group (P < 0.05). Of 32 amino acids analysed, there were differences in concentrations in the H-LOW and H-ALP group of 13, seven and 15 in plasma, oviduct and uterine fluids, respectively (P < 0.05). Comparing the HS-LOW to the HS-ALP groups, there were 13, one and three amino acids in the plasma, oviduct and uterine fluids, respectively, that were differentially abundant (P < 0.05). The grazing systems had some effect on the redox status and amino acid patterns in reproductive tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Chiumia
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Switzerland.
| | | | - Barbara Drews
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Switzerland.
| | - Tobias Zehnder
- ETH Zurich, Animal Nutrition, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Switzerland.
| | - Joel Berard
- ETH Zurich, Animal Nutrition, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Switzerland.
| | - Pieter Giesbertz
- Nutritional Physiology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
| | - Susanne E Ulbrich
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Switzerland.
| | - Katrin Giller
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Switzerland; ETH Zurich, Animal Nutrition, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Switzerland.
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14
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Association of altered serum acylcarnitine levels in early pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Sci China Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-019-9580-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Teav T, Gallart-Ayala H, van der Velpen V, Mehl F, Henry H, Ivanisevic J. Merged Targeted Quantification and Untargeted Profiling for Comprehensive Assessment of Acylcarnitine and Amino Acid Metabolism. Anal Chem 2019; 91:11757-11769. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tony Teav
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Héctor Gallart-Ayala
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vera van der Velpen
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florence Mehl
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Vital-IT−Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hugues Henry
- Innovation and Development Laboratory, Clinical Chemistry Service, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julijana Ivanisevic
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
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16
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de Vasconcelos DAA, Giesbertz P, de Souza DR, Vitzel KF, Abreu P, Marzuca-Nassr GN, Fortes MAS, Murata GM, Hirabara SM, Curi R, Daniel H, Pithon-Curi TC. Oral L-glutamine pretreatment attenuates skeletal muscle atrophy induced by 24-h fasting in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 70:202-214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Hereditary diseases of coenzyme A thioester metabolism. Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:149-155. [PMID: 30626707 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme A (CoA) thioesters (acyl-CoAs) are essential intermediates of metabolism. Inborn errors of acyl-CoA metabolism include a large fraction of the classical organic acidemias. These conditions can involve liver, muscle, heart and brain, and can be fatal. These conditions are increasingly detected by newborn screening. There is a renewed interest in CoA metabolism and in developing effective new treatments. Here, we review theories of the pathophysiology in relation to mitochondrial CoA sequestration, toxicity and redistribution (CASTOR).
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18
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Mitry P, Wawro N, Rohrmann S, Giesbertz P, Daniel H, Linseisen J. Plasma concentrations of anserine, carnosine and pi-methylhistidine as biomarkers of habitual meat consumption. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 73:692-702. [DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0248-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Yu D, Zhou L, Xuan Q, Wang L, Zhao X, Lu X, Xu G. Strategy for Comprehensive Identification of Acylcarnitines Based on Liquid Chromatography–High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2018; 90:5712-5718. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qiuhui Xuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lichao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinjie Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xin Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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20
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Ullrich SS, Fitzgerald PCE, Giesbertz P, Steinert RE, Horowitz M, Feinle-Bisset C. Effects of Intragastric Administration of Tryptophan on the Blood Glucose Response to a Nutrient Drink and Energy Intake, in Lean and Obese Men. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10040463. [PMID: 29642492 PMCID: PMC5946248 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan stimulates plasma cholecystokinin and pyloric pressures, both of which slow gastric emptying. Gastric emptying regulates postprandial blood glucose. Tryptophan has been reported to decrease energy intake. We investigated the effects of intragastric tryptophan on the glycaemic response to, and gastric emptying of, a mixed-nutrient drink, and subsequent energy intake. Lean and obese participants (n = 16 each) received intragastric infusions of 1.5 g ("Trp-1.5g") or 3.0 g ("Trp-3.0g") tryptophan, or control, and 15 min later consumed a mixed-nutrient drink (56 g carbohydrates). Gastric emptying (13C-acetate breath-test), blood glucose, plasma C-peptide, glucagon, cholecystokinin and tryptophan concentrations were measured (t = 0-60 min). Energy intake was assessed between t = 60-90 min. In lean individuals, Trp-3.0g, but not Trp-1.5g, slowed gastric emptying, reduced C-peptideAUC and increased glucagonAUC (all P < 0.05), but did not significantly decrease the blood glucose response to the drink, stimulate cholecystokinin or reduce mean energy intake, compared with control. In obese individuals, Trp-3.0g, but not Trp-1.5g, tended to slow gastric emptying (P = 0.091), did not affect C-peptideAUC, increased glucagonAUC (P < 0.001) and lowered blood glucose at t = 30 min (P < 0.05), and did not affect cholecystokinin or mean energy intake. In obese individuals, intragastrically administered tryptophan may reduce postprandial blood glucose by slowing gastric emptying; the lack of effect on mean energy intake requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina S Ullrich
- Adelaide Medical School and National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Level 5 Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, Corner North Terrace and George Street, Adelaide 5005, Australia.
| | - Penelope C E Fitzgerald
- Adelaide Medical School and National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Level 5 Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, Corner North Terrace and George Street, Adelaide 5005, Australia.
| | - Pieter Giesbertz
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel Strasse 2, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Robert E Steinert
- Adelaide Medical School and National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Level 5 Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, Corner North Terrace and George Street, Adelaide 5005, Australia.
- Department of Surgery, Division of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Horowitz
- Adelaide Medical School and National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Level 5 Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, Corner North Terrace and George Street, Adelaide 5005, Australia.
| | - Christine Feinle-Bisset
- Adelaide Medical School and National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Level 5 Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, Corner North Terrace and George Street, Adelaide 5005, Australia.
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21
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Lister A, Bourgeois S, Imenez Silva PH, Rubio-Aliaga I, Marbet P, Walsh J, Shelton LM, Keller B, Verrey F, Devuyst O, Giesbertz P, Daniel H, Goldring CE, Copple IM, Wagner CA, Odermatt A. NRF2 regulates the glutamine transporter Slc38a3 (SNAT3) in kidney in response to metabolic acidosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5629. [PMID: 29618784 PMCID: PMC5884861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24000-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the glutamine transporter SNAT3 increases in kidney during metabolic acidosis, suggesting a role during ammoniagenesis. Microarray analysis of Nrf2 knock-out (KO) mouse kidney identified Snat3 as the most significantly down-regulated transcript compared to wild-type (WT). We hypothesized that in the absence of NRF2 the kidney would be unable to induce SNAT3 under conditions of metabolic acidosis and therefore reduce the availability of glutamine for ammoniagenesis. Metabolic acidosis was induced for 7 days in WT and Nrf2 KO mice. Nrf2 KO mice failed to induce Snat3 mRNA and protein expression during metabolic acidosis. However, there were no differences in blood pH, bicarbonate, pCO2, chloride and calcium or urinary pH, ammonium and phosphate levels. Normal induction of ammoniagenic enzymes was observed whereas several amino acid transporters showed differential regulation. Moreover, Nrf2 KO mice during acidosis showed increased expression of renal markers of oxidative stress and injury and NRF2 activity was increased during metabolic acidosis in WT kidney. We conclude that NRF2 is required to adapt the levels of SNAT3 in response to metabolic acidosis. In the absence of NRF2 and SNAT3, the kidney does not have any major acid handling defect; however, increased oxidative stress and renal injury may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Lister
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.,National Center for Competence in Research Kidney.CH, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Soline Bourgeois
- Institute of Physiology, Zürich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland.,National Center for Competence in Research Kidney.CH, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro H Imenez Silva
- Institute of Physiology, Zürich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland.,National Center for Competence in Research Kidney.CH, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Rubio-Aliaga
- Institute of Physiology, Zürich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland.,National Center for Competence in Research Kidney.CH, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Marbet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.,National Center for Competence in Research Kidney.CH, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Joanne Walsh
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Luke M Shelton
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Bettina Keller
- Institute of Physiology, Zürich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Francois Verrey
- Institute of Physiology, Zürich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland.,National Center for Competence in Research Kidney.CH, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Devuyst
- Institute of Physiology, Zürich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland.,National Center for Competence in Research Kidney.CH, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pieter Giesbertz
- Department of Biochemistry, ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- Department of Biochemistry, ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Christopher E Goldring
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Ian M Copple
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, Zürich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland. .,National Center for Competence in Research Kidney.CH, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland. .,National Center for Competence in Research Kidney.CH, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Development of solid phase extraction strategies to minimize the effect of human urine matrix effect on the response of carnitine by UPLC–MS/MS. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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23
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Bloom K, Ditewig Meyers G, Bennett MJ. A Quantitative Method for the Measurement of Dried Blood Spot Amino Acids Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography. J Appl Lab Med 2016; 1:271-279. [PMID: 33626836 DOI: 10.1373/jalm.2016.020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measurement of amino acids in dried blood spots has been extensively used for the detection of newborns with various inborn errors of amino acid metabolism including phenylketonuria (PKU) and maple syrup urine disease (MSUD). Whereas blood spot amino acid measurement has been invaluable for initial diagnosis, the relative insensitivity of blood spot measurement has found limited use in lifelong monitoring of patients with these disorders. The work described here outlines the evaluation of blood spot amino acid analysis using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC©) for use in follow-up testing. METHODS Dried blood spot amino acids were derivatized with a proprietary AccQTag® reagent and separated using UPLC. Plasma amino acids from dried bloods spots were obtained from 318 patient samples and compared to corresponding plasma samples measured using the same UPLC method. RESULTS Dried blood spot amino acid concentrations were highly correlated but negatively biased vs plasma concentrations. Interassay imprecision studies using UPLC demonstrated a %CV for phenylalanine of 4.81%-16.07%, tyrosine 5.62%-20.16%, valine 4.23%-15.46%, leucine 8.3%-15.3%, and isoleucine 4.25%-16.80%. Intraassay imprecision studies using UPLC demonstrated a %CV for phenylalanine of 0.42%-3.4%, tyrosine 1.6%-7.85%, valine 0.14%-1.84%, leucine 0.28%-2.01%, and isoleucine 0.6%-2.65%. Blood spot amino acid concentrations were stable for at least 3 days at temperatures up to 65 °C. CONCLUSIONS This UPLC-based method can reliably measure clinically significant amino acids in dried blood spots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Bloom
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Gail Ditewig Meyers
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael J Bennett
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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24
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Roy C, Tremblay PY, Bienvenu JF, Ayotte P. Quantitative analysis of amino acids and acylcarnitines combined with untargeted metabolomics using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1027:40-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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25
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Wagner M, Tonoli D, Varesio E, Hopfgartner G. The use of mass spectrometry to analyze dried blood spots. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2016; 35:361-438. [PMID: 25252132 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Dried blood spots (DBS) typically consist in the deposition of small volumes of capillary blood onto dedicated paper cards. Comparatively to whole blood or plasma samples, their benefits rely in the fact that sample collection is easier and that logistic aspects related to sample storage and shipment can be relatively limited, respectively, without the need of a refrigerator or dry ice. Originally, this approach has been developed in the sixties to support the analysis of phenylalanine for the detection of phenylketonuria in newborns using bacterial inhibition test. In the nineties tandem mass spectrometry was established as the detection technique for phenylalanine and tyrosine. DBS became rapidly recognized for their clinical value: they were widely implemented in pediatric settings with mass spectrometric detection, and were closely associated to the debut of newborn screening (NBS) programs, as a part of public health policies. Since then, sample collection on paper cards has been explored with various analytical techniques in other areas more or less successfully regarding large-scale applications. Moreover, in the last 5 years a regain of interest for DBS was observed and originated from the bioanalytical community to support drug development (e.g., PK studies) or therapeutic drug monitoring mainly. Those recent applications were essentially driven by improved sensitivity of triple quadrupole mass spectrometers. This review presents an overall view of all instrumental and methodological developments for DBS analysis with mass spectrometric detection, with and without separation techniques. A general introduction to DBS will describe their advantages and historical aspects of their emergence. A second section will focus on blood collection, with a strong emphasis on specific parameters that can impact quantitative analysis, including chromatographic effects, hematocrit effects, blood effects, and analyte stability. A third part of the review is dedicated to sample preparation and will consider off-line and on-line extractions; in particular, instrumental designs that have been developed so far for DBS extraction will be detailed. Flow injection analysis and applications will be discussed in section IV. The application of surface analysis mass spectrometry (DESI, paper spray, DART, APTDCI, MALDI, LDTD-APCI, and ICP) to DBS is described in section V, while applications based on separation techniques (e.g., liquid or gas chromatography) are presented in section VI. To conclude this review, the current status of DBS analysis is summarized, and future perspectives are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Wagner
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Tonoli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Varesio
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gérard Hopfgartner
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
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26
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Minkler PE, Stoll MSK, Ingalls ST, Kerner J, Hoppel CL. Quantitative acylcarnitine determination by UHPLC-MS/MS--Going beyond tandem MS acylcarnitine "profiles". Mol Genet Metab 2015; 116:231-41. [PMID: 26458767 PMCID: PMC5009370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Tandem MS "profiling" of acylcarnitines and amino acids was conceived as a first-tier screening method, and its application to expanded newborn screening has been enormously successful. However, unlike amino acid screening (which uses amino acid analysis as its second-tier validation of screening results), acylcarnitine "profiling" also assumed the role of second-tier validation, due to the lack of a generally accepted second-tier acylcarnitine determination method. In this report, we present results from the application of our validated UHPLC-MS/MS second-tier method for the quantification of total carnitine, free carnitine, butyrobetaine, and acylcarnitines to patient samples with known diagnoses: malonic acidemia, short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SCADD) or isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (IBD), 3-methyl-crotonyl carboxylase deficiency (3-MCC) or ß-ketothiolase deficiency (BKT), and methylmalonic acidemia (MMA). We demonstrate the assay's ability to separate constitutional isomers and diastereomeric acylcarnitines and generate values with a high level of accuracy and precision. These capabilities are unavailable when using tandem MS "profiles". We also show examples of research interest, where separation of acylcarnitine species and accurate and precise acylcarnitine quantification is necessary.
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MESH Headings
- Acetyl-CoA C-Acyltransferase/blood
- Acetyl-CoA C-Acyltransferase/cerebrospinal fluid
- Acetyl-CoA C-Acyltransferase/deficiency
- Acetyl-CoA C-Acyltransferase/urine
- Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase/blood
- Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase/cerebrospinal fluid
- Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase/deficiency
- Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase/urine
- Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/blood
- Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/cerebrospinal fluid
- Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/diagnosis
- Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/urine
- Betaine/analogs & derivatives
- Betaine/blood
- Betaine/cerebrospinal fluid
- Betaine/urine
- Carbon-Carbon Ligases/blood
- Carbon-Carbon Ligases/cerebrospinal fluid
- Carbon-Carbon Ligases/deficiency
- Carbon-Carbon Ligases/urine
- Carnitine/analogs & derivatives
- Carnitine/blood
- Carnitine/cerebrospinal fluid
- Carnitine/urine
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/standards
- Female
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Isomerism
- Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/blood
- Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/cerebrospinal fluid
- Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/diagnosis
- Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/urine
- Male
- Neonatal Screening
- Reproducibility of Results
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry/standards
- Urea Cycle Disorders, Inborn/blood
- Urea Cycle Disorders, Inborn/cerebrospinal fluid
- Urea Cycle Disorders, Inborn/diagnosis
- Urea Cycle Disorders, Inborn/urine
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Minkler
- Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Maria S K Stoll
- Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Stephen T Ingalls
- Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Janos Kerner
- Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Charles L Hoppel
- Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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27
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A novel method for quantification of human hemoglobin from dried blood spots by use of tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:8121-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8988-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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Wang X, Wang J, Wang Z, Wang Q, Li H. Dynamic monitoring of plasma amino acids and carnitine during chemotherapy of patients with alimentary canal malignancies and its clinical value. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:1989-96. [PMID: 26300648 PMCID: PMC4535544 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s86562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to observe the plasma amino acid and carnitine characteristics in patients with metastatic gastrointestinal malignancies during chemotherapy and to identify markers for the early diagnosis and evaluation of adverse reactions and prognosis of the digestive tract malignant tumor patients. METHODS Blood samples of 30 patients with metastatic gastrointestinal malignancies were collected at four time points: before chemotherapy, the first day after chemotherapy (+1 day), bone marrow depression period (+14 days), and hematopoietic recovery period (+21 days). The plasma amino acids and carnitine from those 30 patients were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Simultaneously, the levels of 21 amino acids were detected in 30 healthy individuals, who were considered as control. Biochemical indexes were also detected at four time points, adverse reactions were recorded during the chemotherapy process, and patients were followed up for 1 year to observe time to progression (TTP) and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS Compared to healthy people in the control group, patients with malignancies showed significantly increased levels of plasma amino acids such as Arg, Asp, Cit, Gly, Orn, Tyr, Val, and carnitine (such as C2). The levels of compounds such as C3, Asn, Leu, Lys, Pip, Pro, C0, C5:1 decreased significantly before chemotherapy. The levels of Cit, Cys, Lys, Pro, Tyr, Val, C0, and C2 decreased significantly on the second day of chemotherapy (+1 day), whereas the level of C3 increased significantly. During myelosuppression (+14 days), the levels of Asp, Cit, Met, and Orn were observed to still decrease significantly, whereas the level of Val appeared to increase significantly. The levels of Asp, Glu, and Met were clearly different among patients with gastric carcinoma, rectal cancer, and colon cancer. Compared to the control group, aspartate amino transferase and alanine aminotransferase were found to be higher in eight patients with hypocarnitinemia, yet TTP, PFS, and RR (response rate) were lower. No significant difference was observed for adverse reactions. The indexes in 12 patients with citrullinemia showed no difference compared with control group. All the results showed statistically significant differences (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Real-time monitoring of plasma amino acids and carnitine in patients with metastatic gastrointestinal malignancies can directly reflect the body's metabolism and nutritional status. The results provide a reference for nutrition therapy or support for patients with alimentary canal malignancies. Hypocarnitinemia is a risk factor for gastrointestinal cancer patients and affects TTP, PFS, and RR by liver function. This study shows that tandem mass spectrometry can be used to detect blood amino acids and carnitine spectrum may be used for an early diagnosis and evaluation of adverse reactions and prognosis of the digestive tract malignant tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Second Ward of Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghua Wang
- Second Ward of Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingjun Wang
- Second Ward of Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Li
- Second Ward of Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
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Giesbertz P, Ecker J, Haag A, Spanier B, Daniel H. An LC-MS/MS method to quantify acylcarnitine species including isomeric and odd-numbered forms in plasma and tissues. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:2029-39. [PMID: 26239049 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d061721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acylcarnitines are intermediates of fatty acid and amino acid oxidation found in tissues and body fluids. They are important diagnostic markers for inherited diseases of peroxisomal and mitochondrial oxidation processes and were recently described as biomarkers of complex diseases like the metabolic syndrome. Quantification of acylcarnitine species can become challenging because various species occur as isomers and/or have very low concentrations. Here we describe a new LC-MS/MS method for quantification of 56 acylcarnitine species with acyl-chain lengths from C2 to C18. Our method includes amino acid-derived positional isomers, like methacrylyl-carnitine (2-M-C3:1-CN) and crotonyl-carnitine (C4:1-CN), and odd-numbered carbon species, like pentadecanoyl-carnitine (C15:0-CN) and heptadecanoyl-carnitine (C17:0-CN), occurring at very low concentrations in plasma and tissues. Method validation in plasma and liver samples showed high sensitivity and excellent accuracy and precision. In an application to samples from streptozotocin-treated diabetic mice, we identified significantly increased concentrations of acylcarnitines derived from branched-chain amino acid degradation and of odd-numbered straight-chain species, recently proposed as potential biomarkers for the metabolic syndrome. In conclusion, the LC-MS/MS method presented here allows robust quantification of isomeric acylcarnitine species and extends the palette of acylcarnitines with diagnostic potential derived from fatty acid and amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Giesbertz
- Nutritional Physiology, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising, Germany; and ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, 85350 Freising, Germany
| | - Josef Ecker
- Nutritional Physiology, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising, Germany; and ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, 85350 Freising, Germany
| | - Alexander Haag
- Nutritional Physiology, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising, Germany; and ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, 85350 Freising, Germany
| | - Britta Spanier
- Nutritional Physiology, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising, Germany; and ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, 85350 Freising, Germany
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- Nutritional Physiology, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising, Germany; and ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, 85350 Freising, Germany
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30
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van der Hooft JJJ, Ridder L, Barrett MP, Burgess KEV. Enhanced acylcarnitine annotation in high-resolution mass spectrometry data: fragmentation analysis for the classification and annotation of acylcarnitines. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:26. [PMID: 25806366 PMCID: PMC4353373 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolite annotation and identification are primary challenges in untargeted metabolomics experiments. Rigorous workflows for reliable annotation of mass features with chemical structures or compound classes are needed to enhance the power of untargeted mass spectrometry. High-resolution mass spectrometry considerably improves the confidence in assigning elemental formulas to mass features in comparison to nominal mass spectrometry, and embedding of fragmentation methods enables more reliable metabolite annotations and facilitates metabolite classification. However, the analysis of mass fragmentation spectra can be a time-consuming step and requires expert knowledge. This study demonstrates how characteristic fragmentations, specific to compound classes, can be used to systematically analyze their presence in complex biological extracts like urine that have undergone untargeted mass spectrometry combined with data dependent or targeted fragmentation. Human urine extracts were analyzed using normal phase liquid chromatography (hydrophilic interaction chromatography) coupled to an Ion Trap-Orbitrap hybrid instrument. Subsequently, mass chromatograms and collision-induced dissociation and higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD) fragments were annotated using the freely available MAGMa software1. Acylcarnitines play a central role in energy metabolism by transporting fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix. By filtering on a combination of a mass fragment and neutral loss designed based on the MAGMa fragment annotations, we were able to classify and annotate 50 acylcarnitines in human urine extracts, based on high-resolution mass spectrometry HCD fragmentation spectra at different energies for all of them. Of these annotated acylcarnitines, 31 are not described in HMDB yet and for only 4 annotated acylcarnitines the fragmentation spectra could be matched to reference spectra. Therefore, we conclude that the use of mass fragmentation filters within the context of untargeted metabolomics experiments is a valuable tool to enhance the annotation of small metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lars Ridder
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University and Research Centre , Wageningen , Netherlands
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31
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Yin P, Lehmann R, Xu G. Effects of pre-analytical processes on blood samples used in metabolomics studies. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:4879-92. [PMID: 25736245 PMCID: PMC4471316 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8565-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Every day, analytical and bio-analytical chemists make sustained efforts to improve the sensitivity, specificity, robustness, and reproducibility of their methods. Especially in targeted and non-targeted profiling approaches, including metabolomics analysis, these objectives are not easy to achieve; however, robust and reproducible measurements and low coefficients of variation (CV) are crucial for successful metabolomics approaches. Nevertheless, all efforts from the analysts are in vain if the sample quality is poor, i.e. if preanalytical errors are made by the partner during sample collection. Preanalytical risks and errors are more common than expected, even when standard operating procedures (SOP) are used. This risk is particularly high in clinical studies, and poor sample quality may heavily bias the CV of the final analytical results, leading to disappointing outcomes of the study and consequently, although unjustified, to critical questions about the analytical performance of the approach from the partner who provided the samples. This review focuses on the preanalytical phase of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry-driven metabolomics analysis of body fluids. Several important preanalytical factors that may seriously affect the profile of the investigated metabolome in body fluids, including factors before sample collection, blood drawing, subsequent handling of the whole blood (transportation), processing of plasma and serum, and inadequate conditions for sample storage, will be discussed. In addition, a detailed description of latent effects on the stability of the blood metabolome and a suggestion for a practical procedure to circumvent risks in the preanalytical phase will be given. The procedures and potential problems in preanalytical aspects of metabolomics studies using blood samples. Bias in the preanalytical phase may lead to unwanted results in the subsequential studies ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyuan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
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32
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Gucciardi A, Zaramella P, Costa I, Pirillo P, Nardo D, Naturale M, Chiandetti L, Giordano G. Analysis and interpretation of acylcarnitine profiles in dried blood spot and plasma of preterm and full-term newborns. Pediatr Res 2015; 77:36-47. [PMID: 25268144 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2014.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acylcarnitines are biomarkers of fatty acid metabolism, and examining their patterns in preterm newborn may reveal metabolic changes associated with particular conditions related to prematurity. Isomeric acylcarnitines in dried blood spots (DBS) and plasma have never been assessed in preterm infants. METHODS We studied 157 newborn divided into four groups by weeks of gestational age (GA), as follows: 22-27 wk in group 1; 28-31 wk in group 2; 32-36 wk in group 3; and 37-42 wk in group 4. Samples were collected on the third day of life. Acylcarnitines were separated and quantified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Acylcarnitine concentrations correlated significantly with GA and birth weight in both DBS and plasma samples. Concentrations were lower in preterm newborn, except for acylcarnitines derived from branched-chain amino acids, which were higher and correlated with enteral feeding. On day 3 of life, no correlations emerged with gender, respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, surfactant administration, or mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSION We established GA-based reference ranges for isomeric acylcarnitine concentrations in preterm newborn, which could be used to assess nutritional status and the putative neuroprotective role of acylcarnitines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina Gucciardi
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Patrizia Zaramella
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Irene Costa
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Pirillo
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniel Nardo
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mauro Naturale
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lino Chiandetti
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giordano
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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D’Archivio AA, Maggi MA, Ruggieri F. Modelling of UPLC behaviour of acylcarnitines by quantitative structure–retention relationships. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 96:224-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Mak CM, Lee HCH, Chan AYW, Lam CW. Inborn errors of metabolism and expanded newborn screening: review and update. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2014; 50:142-62. [PMID: 24295058 DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2013.847896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) are a phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders caused by a defect in a metabolic pathway, leading to malfunctioning metabolism and/or the accumulation of toxic intermediate metabolites. To date, more than 1000 different IEM have been identified. While individually rare, the cumulative incidence has been shown to be upwards of 1 in 800. Clinical presentations are protean, complicating diagnostic pathways. IEM are present in all ethnic groups and across every age. Some IEM are amenable to treatment, with promising outcomes. However, high clinical suspicion alone is not sufficient to reduce morbidities and mortalities. In the last decade, due to the advent of tandem mass spectrometry, expanded newborn screening (NBS) has become a mandatory public health strategy in most developed and developing countries. The technology allows inexpensive simultaneous detection of more than 30 different metabolic disorders in one single blood spot specimen at a cost of about USD 10 per baby, with commendable analytical accuracy and precision. The sensitivity and specificity of this method can be up to 99% and 99.995%, respectively, for most amino acid disorders, organic acidemias, and fatty acid oxidation defects. Cost-effectiveness studies have confirmed that the savings achieved through the use of expanded NBS programs are significantly greater than the costs of implementation. The adverse effects of false positive results are negligible in view of the economic health benefits generated by expanded NBS and these could be minimized through increased education, better communication, and improved technologies. Local screening agencies should be given the autonomy to develop their screening programs in order to keep pace with international advancements. The development of biochemical genetics is closely linked with expanded NBS. With ongoing advancements in nanotechnology and molecular genomics, the field of biochemical genetics is still expanding rapidly. The potential of tandem mass spectrometry is extending to cover more disorders. Indeed, the use of genetic markers in T-cell receptor excision circles for severe combined immunodeficiency is one promising example. NBS represents the highest volume of genetic testing. It is more than a test and it warrants systematic healthcare service delivery across the pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical phases. There should be a comprehensive reporting system entailing genetic counselling as well as short-term and long-term follow-up. It is essential to integrate existing clinical IEM services with the expanded NBS program to enable close communication between the laboratory, clinicians, and allied health parties. In this review, we will discuss the history of IEM, its clinical presentations in children and adult patients, and its incidence among different ethnicities; the history and recent expansion of NBS, its cost-effectiveness, associated pros and cons, and the ethical issues that can arise; the analytical aspects of tandem mass spectrometry and post-analytical perspectives regarding result interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Miu Mak
- Chemical Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Hospital , Hong Kong, SAR , China and
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Schoonen JW, van Duinen V, Oedit A, Vulto P, Hankemeier T, Lindenburg PW. Continuous-flow microelectroextraction for enrichment of low abundant compounds. Anal Chem 2014; 86:8048-56. [PMID: 24892382 DOI: 10.1021/ac500707v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We present a continuous-flow microelectroextraction flow cell that allows for electric field enhanced extraction of analytes from a large volume (1 mL) of continuously flowing donor phase into a micro volume of stagnant acceptor phase (13.4 μL). We demonstrate for the first time that the interface between the stagnant acceptor phase and fast-flowing donor phase can be stabilized by a phaseguide. Chip performance was assessed by visual experiments using crystal violet. Then, extraction of a mixture of acylcarnitines was assessed by off-line coupling to reversed phase liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry, resulting in concentration factors of 80.0 ± 9.2 times for hexanoylcarnitine, 73.8 ± 9.1 for octanoylcarnitine, and 34.1 ± 4.7 times for lauroylcarnitine, corresponding to recoveries of 107.8 ± 12.3%, 98.9 ± 12.3%, and 45.7 ± 6.3%, respectively, in a sample of 500 μL delivered at a flow of 50 μL min(-1) under an extraction voltage of 300 V. Finally, the method was applied to the analysis of acylcarnitines spiked to urine, resulting in detection limits as low as 0.3-2 nM. Several putative endogenous acylcarnitines were found. The current flowing-to-stagnant phase microelectroextraction setup allows for the extraction of milliliter range volumes and is, as a consequence, very suited for analysis of low-abundant metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Willem Schoonen
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University , Leiden, The Netherlands
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la Marca G. Mass spectrometry in clinical chemistry: the case of newborn screening. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 101:174-82. [PMID: 24844843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Newborn screening (NBS) program is a complex and organized system consisting of family and personnel education, biochemical tests, confirmatory biochemical and genetic tests, diagnosis, therapy, and patient follow up. The program identifies treatable metabolic disorders possibly when asymptomatic by using dried blood spot (DBS). During the last 20 years tandem mass spectrometry (TMS) has become the leading technology in NBS programs demonstrating to be versatile, sensitive and specific. There is consistent evidence of benefits from NBS for many disorders detected by TMS as well as for congenital hypothyroidism, cystic fibrosis, congenital adrenal hyperplasia by immune-enzymatic methods. Real time PCR tests have more recently been proposed for the detection of some severe combined immunodeficiences (SCID) along with the use of TMS for ADA and PNP SCID; a first evaluation of their cost-benefit ratio is still ongoing. Avoiding false negative results by using specific biomarkers and reducing the false positive rate by using second tier tests, is fundamental for a successful NBS program. The fully integration of NBS and diagnostic laboratories with clinical service is crucial to have the best effectiveness in a comprehensive NBS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo la Marca
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health, University of Florence, Newborn Screening, Biochemistry and Pharmacology laboratory, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
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Peng M, Fang X, Huang Y, Cai Y, Liang C, Lin R, Liu L. Separation and identification of underivatized plasma acylcarnitine isomers using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the differential diagnosis of organic acidemias and fatty acid oxidation defects. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1319:97-106. [PMID: 24169039 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A simple HPLC-MS/MS method has been established to separate and identify underivatized acylcarnitine isomers. Human plasma samples were deproteinized and concentrated. Acylcarnitines were separated on a reverse phase column and detected with triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry. Deuterium-labeled internal standards were used for quantitation. To identify acylcarnitines without pure standards, information-dependent acquisition linking to enhanced product ion scan mode was used. 112 acylcarnitines, including stereoisomers, were found in samples of patients. Dicarboxylic acylcarnitines, such as methylmalonylcarnitine and glutarylcarnitine, were detected with high sensitivity. Three stereoisomers of (R,S)2-methyl-3-hydroxy butyrylcarnitine were detected in samples of patients with β-ketothiolase deficiency. Validation results revealed excellent precision and accuracy of the method. In general the within- and between-run coefficients of variation (CV%) were less than 15%, and recoveries were in the range of 92.7-117.5%. In addition, the reference intervals of acylcarnitines for children aged 3-day to13-year old were established. Using the new method and reference intervals, we have correctly diagnosed 49 patients with fatty acid oxidation defects or organic acidemias in 176 high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzhi Peng
- The Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, China
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de Sain-van der Velden MGM, Diekman EF, Jans JJ, van der Ham M, Prinsen BHCMT, Visser G, Verhoeven-Duif NM. Differences between acylcarnitine profiles in plasma and bloodspots. Mol Genet Metab 2013; 110:116-21. [PMID: 23639448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Quantification of acylcarnitines is used for screening and diagnosis of inborn error of metabolism (IEM). While newborn screening is performed in dried blood spots (DBSs), general metabolic investigation is often performed in plasma. Information on the correlation between plasma and DBS acylcarnitine profiles is scarce. In this study, we directly compared acylcarnitine concentrations measured in DBS with those in the corresponding plasma sample. Additionally, we tested whether ratios of acylcarnitines in both matrices are helpful for diagnostic purpose when primary markers fail. STUDY DESIGN DBS and plasma were obtained from controls and patients with a known IEM. (Acyl)carnitines were converted to their corresponding butyl esters and analyzed using HPLC/MS/MS. RESULTS Free carnitine concentrations were 36% higher in plasma compared to DBS. In contrast, in patients with carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1) deficiency free carnitine concentration in DBS was 4 times the concentration measured in plasma. In carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT-2) deficiency, primary diagnostic markers were abnormal in plasma but could also be normal in DBS. The calculated ratios for CPT-1 (C0/(C16+C18)) and CPT-2 ((C16+C18:1)/C2) revealed abnormal values in plasma. However, normal ratios were found in DBS of two (out of five) samples obtained from patients diagnosed with CPT-2. CONCLUSIONS Relying on primary acylcarnitine markers, CPT-1 deficiency can be missed when analysis is performed in plasma, whereas CPT-2 deficiency can be missed when analysis is performed in DBS. Ratios of the primary markers to other acylcarnitines restore diagnostic recognition completely for CPT-1 and CPT-2 in plasma, while CPT-2 can still be missed in DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique G M de Sain-van der Velden
- Department of Medical Genetics, UMC Utrecht, The Netherlands Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Isaguirre AC, Olsina RA, Martinez LD, Lapierre AV, Cerutti S. Rapid and sensitive HILIC–MS/MS analysis of carnitine and acetylcarnitine in biological fluids. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:7397-404. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7193-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Astarita G, Langridge J. An Emerging Role for Metabolomics in Nutrition Science. JOURNAL OF NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS 2013; 6:181-200. [DOI: 10.1159/000354403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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