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Phetsanthad A, Vu NQ, Yu Q, Buchberger AR, Chen Z, Keller C, Li L. Recent advances in mass spectrometry analysis of neuropeptides. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:706-750. [PMID: 34558119 PMCID: PMC9067165 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to their involvement in numerous biochemical pathways, neuropeptides have been the focus of many recent research studies. Unfortunately, classic analytical methods, such as western blots and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, are extremely limited in terms of global investigations, leading researchers to search for more advanced techniques capable of probing the entire neuropeptidome of an organism. With recent technological advances, mass spectrometry (MS) has provided methodology to gain global knowledge of a neuropeptidome on a spatial, temporal, and quantitative level. This review will cover key considerations for the analysis of neuropeptides by MS, including sample preparation strategies, instrumental advances for identification, structural characterization, and imaging; insightful functional studies; and newly developed absolute and relative quantitation strategies. While many discoveries have been made with MS, the methodology is still in its infancy. Many of the current challenges and areas that need development will also be highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Phetsanthad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Nhu Q. Vu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Qing Yu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Amanda R. Buchberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Zhengwei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Caitlin Keller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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2
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Liu S, Xu Q, Li Y, Xu W, Zhai Y. Coupling handheld liquid microjunction-surface sampling probe (hLMJ-SSP) to the miniature mass spectrometer for automated and in-situ surface analysis. Talanta 2022; 242:123090. [PMID: 35189410 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In-situ surface analysis has always been a significant but challenging issue in many analytical applications. To enable surface sampling and MS analysis on the field, a handheld liquid microjunction-surface sampling probe (hLMJ-SSP) was coupled to a miniature mass spectrometer in this study. The hLMJ-SSP was connected to the miniature mass spectrometer with a 50 cm long flexible tube and controlled by an integrated microcontroller unit (MCU). By simply pressing a button on the probe, automated surface analysis could be carried out and completed within ∼2 min, in which solvent delivery, sample extraction, extract aspiration, injection and MS analysis were performed in sequence. A limit of detection (LOD) as low as 5 pg was achieved. The capability of in-situ surface analysis was also demonstrated by directly analyzing illicit drug residues on fingers and medicines in biological fluids. With the merits of automated operation, high sensitivity and nondestructive analysis, this LMJ-SSP-mini MS system would be a promising tool for various in-situ analytical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Liu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qian Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yiling Li
- School of Electronic Information Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Yanbing Zhai
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Hou Y, Gao Y, Guo S, Zhang Z, Chen R, Zhang X. Applications of spatially resolved omics in the field of endocrine tumors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:993081. [PMID: 36704039 PMCID: PMC9873308 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.993081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine tumors derive from endocrine cells with high heterogeneity in function, structure and embryology, and are characteristic of a marked diversity and tissue heterogeneity. There are still challenges in analyzing the molecular alternations within the heterogeneous microenvironment for endocrine tumors. Recently, several proteomic, lipidomic and metabolomic platforms have been applied to the analysis of endocrine tumors to explore the cellular and molecular mechanisms of tumor genesis, progression and metastasis. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of spatially resolved proteomics, lipidomics and metabolomics guided by mass spectrometry imaging and spatially resolved microproteomics directed by microextraction and tandem mass spectrometry. In this regard, we will discuss different mass spectrometry imaging techniques, including secondary ion mass spectrometry, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization and desorption electrospray ionization. Additionally, we will highlight microextraction approaches such as laser capture microdissection and liquid microjunction extraction. With these methods, proteins can be extracted precisely from specific regions of the endocrine tumor. Finally, we compare applications of proteomic, lipidomic and metabolomic platforms in the field of endocrine tumors and outline their potentials in elucidating cellular and molecular processes involved in endocrine tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shudi Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- General Surgery, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Zhibin Zhang, ; Ruibing Chen, ; Xiangyang Zhang,
| | - Ruibing Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Zhibin Zhang, ; Ruibing Chen, ; Xiangyang Zhang,
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Zhibin Zhang, ; Ruibing Chen, ; Xiangyang Zhang,
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Zhang J, Sans M, Garza KY, Eberlin LS. MASS SPECTROMETRY TECHNOLOGIES TO ADVANCE CARE FOR CANCER PATIENTS IN CLINICAL AND INTRAOPERATIVE USE. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021; 40:692-720. [PMID: 33094861 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Developments in mass spectrometry technologies have driven a widespread interest and expanded their use in cancer-related research and clinical applications. In this review, we highlight the developments in mass spectrometry methods and instrumentation applied to direct tissue analysis that have been tailored at enhancing performance in clinical research as well as facilitating translation and implementation of mass spectrometry in clinical settings, with a focus on cancer-related studies. Notable studies demonstrating the capabilities of direct mass spectrometry analysis in biomarker discovery, cancer diagnosis and prognosis, tissue analysis during oncologic surgeries, and other clinically relevant problems that have the potential to substantially advance cancer patient care are discussed. Key challenges that need to be addressed before routine clinical implementation including regulatory efforts are also discussed. Overall, the studies highlighted in this review demonstrate the transformative potential of mass spectrometry technologies to advance clinical research and care for cancer patients. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Marta Sans
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Kyana Y Garza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Livia S Eberlin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
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Kertesz V, Cahill JF. Spatially resolved absolute quantitation in thin tissue by mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:2619-2636. [PMID: 33140126 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02964-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has become the de facto tool for routine quantitative analysis of biomolecules. MS is increasingly being used to reveal the spatial distribution of proteins, metabolites, and pharmaceuticals in tissue and interest in this area has led to a number of novel spatially resolved MS technologies. Most spatially resolved MS measurements are qualitative in nature due to a myriad of potential biases, such as sample heterogeneity, sampling artifacts, and ionization effects. As applications of spatially resolved MS in the pharmacological and clinical fields increase, demand has become high for quantitative MS imaging and profiling data. As a result, several varied technologies now exist that provide differing levels of spatial and quantitative information. This review provides an overview of MS profiling and imaging technologies that have demonstrated quantitative analysis from tissue. Focus is given on the fundamental processes affecting quantitative analysis in an array of MS imaging and profiling technologies and methods to address these biases.Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilmos Kertesz
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6131, USA.
| | - John F Cahill
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6131, USA.
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Lotz F, Baar P, Spengler B, Schulz S. Development of a handheld liquid extraction pen for on-site mass spectrometric analysis of daily goods. Analyst 2021; 146:3004-3015. [PMID: 33949361 DOI: 10.1039/d0an02281k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a handheld liquid extraction pen (LEP) combined with a self-sustaining electrospray ionization platform for ambient mass spectrometry within a laboratory-independent workspace. The LEP enables direct sampling from various surfaces and textures, independent of sample shape without precise sample positioning or dedicated sample preparation. The combination of liquid extraction of analytes through the pen and electrospray ionization (ESI) opens a broad field of applications. Qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis is presented for pesticides, plasticizers and drugs which were analyzed from representative consumer goods, such as fruits, toys and pills. Food authentication via metabolomic fingerprinting and multivariate statistics is demonstrated for the analysis of fish fillets and coffee. The LEP source uses a rechargeable battery to power a compressor. Ambient air is used for solvent nebulization in ESI. Through a pressure pump with integrated solvent reservoir, a solvent flow through the LEP and ESI source is generated. Measurement times of more than three hours are possible. The ion source is adaptable to any kind of mass spectrometer equipped with an atmospheric pressure interface. Measurements were performed on orbital trapping instruments and on a miniature mass spectrometer. Coupled to the miniaturized mass spectrometer, the completely portable LEP-MS instrument has dimensions of 48.4 × 27.0 × 18.0 cm (l × w × h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lotz
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany.
| | - Paula Baar
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Spengler
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany.
| | - Sabine Schulz
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany.
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Tan H, Chen L, Li X, Li M, Zhao M. A target-driven DNA-based molecular machine for rapid and homogeneous detection of arginine-vasopressin. Analyst 2020; 145:880-886. [PMID: 31825412 DOI: 10.1039/c9an02060h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Rapid detection of physiological changes of neuropeptides is of great importance as they are involved in a wide range of physiological processes and behaviors. Abnormalities in their expression level are correlated with various neurological diseases. However, current methods such as radioimmunoassay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry relied on cumbersome operation steps and could not rapidly provide the information of their concentration fluctuations. Thus motivated, we developed a target-driven DNA-based molecular machine that could be triggered only in the presence of a specific target neuropeptide. Using arginine-vasopressin (AVP) as a model neuropeptide, we integrated the DNA-based molecular machine with fluorescence signal transduction and amplification technology. The assay was rapid and homogeneous, which offered a linear range of 75-700 pM and a limit-of-detection as low as 75 pM. It holds great potential for further applications in real-time monitoring of the variations of the AVP level in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocheng Tan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Chen B, Vavrek M, Gundersdorf R, Zhong W, Cancilla MT. Combining MALDI mass spectrometry imaging and droplet-base surface sampling analysis for tissue distribution, metabolite profiling, and relative quantification of cyclic peptide melanotan II. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1125:279-287. [PMID: 32674774 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Peptides have become a fast-growing segment of the pharmaceutical industry over the past few decades. It is essential to develop cutting edge analytical techniques to support the discovery and development of peptide therapeutics, especially to examine their absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) properties. Herein, we utilized two label-free mass spectrometry (MS) based techniques to investigate representative challenges in developing therapeutic peptides, such as tissue distribution, metabolic stability and clearance. A tool proof-of-concept cyclic peptide, melanotan II, was used in this study. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI), which is a well-developed label-free imaging technique, was used to map the detailed molecular distribution of melanotan II and its metabolites. Droplet-based liquid microjunction surface sampling liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LMJ-SSP-LC-HRMS) was used in combination with MALDI-MSI to rapidly profile molecular information and provide structural insights on drug and metabolites. Using both techniques in parallel allowed a more comprehensive and complementary data set than using either technique independently. We envision MALDI-MSI and droplet-based LMJ-SSP-LC-HRMS, which can be used in combination or as standalone techniques, to become valuable tools for assessing the in vivo fate of peptide therapeutics in support of drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingming Chen
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics & Drug Metabolism (PPDM), Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA.
| | - Marissa Vavrek
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics & Drug Metabolism (PPDM), Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Richard Gundersdorf
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics & Drug Metabolism (PPDM), Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Wendy Zhong
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Mark T Cancilla
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics & Drug Metabolism (PPDM), Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA.
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Absolute quantitative imaging of sphingolipids in brain tissue by exhaustive liquid microjunction surface sampling–liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1609:460436. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Duncan KD, Lanekoff I. Spatially Defined Surface Sampling Capillary Electrophoresis Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2019; 91:7819-7827. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D. Duncan
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 24, Sweden
| | - Ingela Lanekoff
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 24, Sweden
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Burns LE, Borts DJ. Rapid untargeted screening for drug residues in animal tissues with liquid microjunction surface sampling probe mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1063:75-81. [PMID: 30967188 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An untargeted screening method for the rapid identification of veterinary drug residues in incurred animal tissues using liquid microjunction surface sampling probe mass spectrometry (LMJSSP-MS) was developed. Current analytical methods for veterinary drug residue screening involve lengthy sample preparation, extraction, and instrumental analysis steps. This method identifies veterinary drug residues in several different incurred animal tissues more quickly than conventional analytical methods. This LMJSSP-MS method uses an ambient ionization technology called liquid microjunction surface sampling probe along with a data dependent scan function of a quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometer. Collected product ion spectra are searched against the mzCloud™ online mass spectral database to identify veterinary drug residues found in incurred animal tissue samples. Examples of veterinary drugs identified with this method include flunixin, tilmicosin, pentobarbital, xylazine, and ketamine. Optimization of method parameters is described and discussed. The limit of identification (LOI) of this method is estimated to be approximately 1 μg g-1 for xylazine and ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Burns
- Toxicology Program, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA, USA
| | - David J Borts
- Toxicology Program, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA, USA; Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA, USA.
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Crnkovic CM, Krunic A, May DS, Wilson TA, Kao D, Burdette JE, Fuchs JR, Oberlies NH, Orjala J. Calothrixamides A and B from the Cultured Cyanobacterium Calothrix sp. UIC 10520. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:2083-2090. [PMID: 30192537 PMCID: PMC6359934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are a source of chemically diverse metabolites with potential medicinal and biotechnological applications. Rapid identification of compounds is central to expedite the natural product discovery process. Mass spectrometry has been shown to be an important tool for dereplication of complex natural product samples. In addition, chromatographic separation and complementary spectroscopic analysis (e.g., UV) can enhance the confidence of the dereplication process. Here, we applied a droplet-liquid microjunction-surface sampling probe (droplet probe) coupled with UPLC-PDA-HRMS-MS/MS to identify two new natural products in situ from the freshwater strain Calothrix sp. UIC 10520. This allowed us to prioritize this strain for chemical investigation based on the presence of new metabolites very early in our discovery process, saving both time and resources. Subsequently, calothrixamides A (1) and B (2) were isolated from large-scale cultures, and the structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The absolute configurations were determined by a combination of chemical degradation reactions, derivatization methods (Mosher's, Marfey's, and phenylglycine methyl ester), and J-based configurational analysis. Calothrixamides showed no cytotoxic activity against the MDA-MB-435, MDA-MB-231, and OVCAR3 cancer cell lines. They represent the first functionalized long-chain fatty acid amides reported from the Calothrix genus and from a freshwater cyanobacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila M. Crnkovic
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, Federal District 70040-020, Brazil
| | - Aleksej Krunic
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Daniel S. May
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Tyler A. Wilson
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Diana Kao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Joanna E. Burdette
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - James R. Fuchs
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Nicholas H. Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Jimmy Orjala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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Quantitative biodistribution of biotherapeutics at whole body, organ and cellular levels by autoradiography. Bioanalysis 2018; 10:1487-1500. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Tools for mapping and quantifying monoclonal antibody (mAb) and peptide biotherapeutics distribumtion were evaluated by comparing data from three independent methods conducted at the whole body, organ or tissue, and cellular levels. Materials & methods: [3H]-mAb1 and [3H]-peptide A were administered intravenously to rats followed by quantitative whole-body autoradiography, kidney macro-autoradiography and micro-autoradiography. Results: [3H]-mAb1 and [3H]-peptide A concentrations were measured in anatomical regions ranging from whole body to whole organ to sub-organ level, such as the kidney glomerulus, with increasing resolution. The tissue/blood [3H]-mAb1 concentrations in selected kidney microenvironments were comparable among the three quantitative methods. Conclusion: Quantitative whole-body autoradiography, tissue macro-autoradiography and micro-autoradiography all provide useful tools for quantifying the concentrations of biotherapeutics at different anatomical levels in tissues, facilitating better predictions of efficacy and toxicity.
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Ryan DJ, Nei D, Prentice BM, Rose KL, Caprioli RM, Spraggins JM. Protein identification in imaging mass spectrometry through spatially targeted liquid micro-extractions. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:442-450. [PMID: 29226434 PMCID: PMC5812809 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Liquid extraction surface analysis (LESA) can be used to generate spatially directed protein identifications in an imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) workflow. This approach involves the use of robotic micro-extractions coupled to online liquid chromatography (LC). We have characterized the extraction efficiency of this method as well as its ability to identify proteins from a matrix assisted laser/desorption ionization (MALDI) IMS experiment. METHODS Proteins and peptides were extracted from transverse sections of a rat brain and sagittal sections of a mouse pup using liquid surface extractions. Extracts were either analyzed by online LC coupled to a high mass resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometer or collected offline and analyzed by traditional LC/MS methods. Identifications were made using both top-down and bottom-up methodologies. MALDI images were acquired on a 15T FTICR mass spectrometer at 125 μm spatial resolution. RESULTS Robotic liquid surface extractions are reproducible across various tissue types, providing significantly improved spatial resolution, with respect to extractions, while still allowing for a robust number of protein identifications. A single 2-μL extract can provide identification of over 14,000 peptides with little sample preparation, increasing throughput for spatially targeted workflows. Surface extractions from tissue were coupled directly to LC to gather spatially relevant proteomics data. CONCLUSIONS Robotic liquid surface extractions can be used to interrogate discrete regions of tissue to provide protein identifications with high throughput, accuracy, and robustness. The direct coupling of tissue surface extractions and LC offers a new and effective approach to provide spatial proteomics data in an imaging experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Station B 351822, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Ave S #9160, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - David Nei
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Ave S #9160, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, 607 Light Hall, Nashville, TN, 37205, USA
| | - Boone M Prentice
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Ave S #9160, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, 607 Light Hall, Nashville, TN, 37205, USA
| | - Kristie L Rose
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Ave S #9160, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, 607 Light Hall, Nashville, TN, 37205, USA
| | - Richard M Caprioli
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Station B 351822, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Ave S #9160, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, 607 Light Hall, Nashville, TN, 37205, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, 442 Robinson Research Building, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Ave S #9160, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Spraggins
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Station B 351822, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Ave S #9160, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, 607 Light Hall, Nashville, TN, 37205, USA
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Pînzariu O, Georgescu B, Georgescu CE. Metabolomics-A Promising Approach to Pituitary Adenomas. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:814. [PMID: 30705668 PMCID: PMC6345099 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metabolomics-the novel science that evaluates the multitude of low-molecular-weight metabolites in a biological system, provides new data on pathogenic mechanisms of diseases, including endocrine tumors. Although development of metabolomic profiling in pituitary disorders is at an early stage, it seems to be a promising approach in the near future in identifying specific disease biomarkers and understanding cellular signaling networks. Objectives: To review the metabolomic profile and the contributions of metabolomics in pituitary adenomas (PA). Methods: A systematic review was conducted via PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus databases, summarizing studies that have described metabolomic aspects of PA. Results: Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry, which are traditional techniques employed in metabolomics, suggest amino acids metabolism appears to be primarily altered in PA. N-acetyl aspartate, choline-containing compounds and creatine appear as highly effective in differentiating PA from healthy tissue. Deoxycholic and 4-pyridoxic acids, 3-methyladipate, short chain fatty acids and glucose-6-phosphate unveil metabolite biomarkers in patients with Cushing's disease. Phosphoethanolamine, N-acetyl aspartate and myo-inositol are down regulated in prolactinoma, whereas aspartate, glutamate and glutamine are up regulated. Phosphoethanolamine, taurine, alanine, choline-containing compounds, homocysteine, and methionine were up regulated in unclassified PA across studies. Intraoperative use of ultra high mass resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI), which allows localization and delineation between functional PA and healthy pituitary tissue, may contribute to achievement of complete tumor resection in addition to preservation of pituitary cell lines and vasopressin secretory cells, thus avoiding postoperative diabetes insipidus. Conclusion: Implementation of ultra high performance metabolomics analysis techniques in the study of PA will significantly improve diagnosis and, potentially, the therapeutic approach, by identifying highly specific disease biomarkers in addition to novel molecular pathogenic mechanisms. Ultra high mass resolution MALDI-MSI emerges as a helpful clinical tool in the neurosurgical treatment of pituitary tumors. Therefore, metabolomics appears to be a science with a promising prospect in the sphere of PA, and a starting point in pituitary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Pînzariu
- 6 Department of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bogdan Georgescu
- Department of Ecology, Environmental Protection and Zoology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen E. Georgescu
- 6 Department of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Endocrinology Clinic, Cluj County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- *Correspondence: Carmen E. Georgescu
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17
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Lamont L, Baumert M, Ogrinc Potočnik N, Allen M, Vreeken R, Heeren RMA, Porta T. Integration of Ion Mobility MS E after Fully Automated, Online, High-Resolution Liquid Extraction Surface Analysis Micro-Liquid Chromatography. Anal Chem 2017; 89:11143-11150. [PMID: 28945354 PMCID: PMC5677252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
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Direct
analysis by mass spectrometry (imaging) has become increasingly
deployed in preclinical and clinical research due to its rapid and
accurate readouts. However, when it comes to biomarker discovery or
histopathological diagnostics, more sensitive and in-depth profiling
from localized areas is required. We developed a comprehensive, fully
automated online platform for high-resolution liquid extraction surface
analysis (HR-LESA) followed by micro–liquid chromatography
(LC) separation and a data-independent acquisition strategy for untargeted
and low abundant analyte identification directly from tissue sections.
Applied to tissue sections of rat pituitary, the platform demonstrated
improved spatial resolution, allowing sample areas as small as 400
μm to be studied, a major advantage over conventional LESA.
The platform integrates an online buffer exchange and washing step
for removal of salts and other endogenous contamination that originates
from local tissue extraction. Our carry over–free platform
showed high reproducibility, with an interextraction variability below
30%. Another strength of the platform is the additional selectivity
provided by a postsampling gas-phase ion mobility separation. This
allowed distinguishing coeluted isobaric compounds without requiring
additional separation time. Furthermore, we identified untargeted
and low-abundance analytes, including neuropeptides deriving from
the pro-opiomelanocortin precursor protein and localized a specific
area of the pituitary gland (i.e., adenohypophysis) known to secrete
neuropeptides and other small metabolites related to development,
growth, and metabolism. This platform can thus be applied for the
in-depth study of small samples of complex tissues with histologic
features of ∼400 μm or more, including potential neuropeptide
markers involved in many diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases,
obesity, bulimia, and anorexia nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieke Lamont
- Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University , Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nina Ogrinc Potočnik
- Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University , Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Allen
- Advion , Harlow CM20 2NQ, United Kingdom
| | - Rob Vreeken
- Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University , Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Janssen Pharmaceutica , Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ron M A Heeren
- Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University , Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tiffany Porta
- Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University , Maastricht, The Netherlands
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18
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Huang KT, Ludy S, Calligaris D, Dunn IF, Laws E, Santagata S, Agar NYR. Rapid Mass Spectrometry Imaging to Assess the Biochemical Profile of Pituitary Tissue for Potential Intraoperative Usage. Adv Cancer Res 2016; 134:257-282. [PMID: 28110653 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary adenomas are relatively common intracranial neoplasms that are frequently treated with surgical resection. Rapid visualization of pituitary tissue remains a challenge as current techniques either produce little to no information on hormone-secreting function or are too slow to practically aid in intraoperative or even perioperative decision-making. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) represents a powerful method by which molecular maps of tissue samples can be created, yielding a two-dimensional representation of the expression patterns of small molecules and proteins from biologic samples. In this chapter, we review the use of MALDI MSI, its application to the characterization of the pituitary gland, and its potential applications for guiding the management of pituitary adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Huang
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - S Ludy
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - D Calligaris
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - I F Dunn
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - E Laws
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - S Santagata
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - N Y R Agar
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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19
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Chen X, Hatsis P, Judge J, Argikar UA, Ren X, Sarber J, Mansfield K, Liang G, Amaral A, Catoire A, Bentley A, Ramos L, Moench P, Hintermann S, Carcache D, Glick J, Flarakos J. Compound Property Optimization in Drug Discovery Using Quantitative Surface Sampling Micro Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2016; 88:11813-11820. [PMID: 27797491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Surface sampling micro liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (SSμLC-MS/MS) was explored as a quantitative tissue distribution technique for probing compound properties in drug discovery. A method was developed for creating standard curves using surrogate tissue sections from blank tissue homogenate spiked with compounds. The resulting standard curves showed good linearity and high sensitivity. The accuracy and precision of standards met acceptance criteria of ±30%. A new approach was proposed based on an experimental and mathematical method for tissue extraction efficiency evaluation by means of consecutively sampling a location on tissue twice by SSμLC-MS/MS. The observed extraction efficiency ranged from 69% to 82% with acceptable variation for the test compounds. Good agreement in extraction efficiency was observed between surrogate tissue sections and incurred tissue sections. This method was successfully applied to two case studies in which tissue distribution was instrumental in advancing project teams' understanding of compound properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Panos Hatsis
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc. 1 Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936 United States
| | | | | | - Xiaojun Ren
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc. 1 Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936 United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexandre Catoire
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc. 1 Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936 United States
| | - Adam Bentley
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc. 1 Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936 United States
| | - Luis Ramos
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc. 1 Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936 United States
| | - Paul Moench
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc. 1 Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936 United States
| | - Samuel Hintermann
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc. 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Carcache
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc. 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jim Glick
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc. 1 Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936 United States
| | - Jimmy Flarakos
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc. 1 Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936 United States
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20
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Kertesz V, Weiskittel TM, Vavrek M, Freddo C, Van Berkel GJ. Extraction efficiency and implications for absolute quantitation of propranolol in mouse brain, liver and kidney tissue sections using droplet-based liquid microjunction surface sampling high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:1705-1712. [PMID: 28328034 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Currently, the absolute quantitation aspects of droplet-based surface sampling for tissue analysis using a fully automated autosampler/high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS/MS) system have not been fully evaluated. Knowledge of extraction efficiency and its reproducibility is required to judge the potential of the method for absolute quantitation of analytes from tissue sections. METHODS Adjacent tissue sections of propranolol-dosed mouse brain (10-μm-thick), kidney (10-μm-thick) and liver (8-, 10-, 16- and 24-μm-thick) were obtained. The absolute concentration of propranolol was determined in tissue punches from serial sections using standard bulk tissue extraction protocols and subsequent HPLC separations and MS/MS analysis. These values were used to determine propranolol extraction efficiency from the tissues with the droplet-based surface sampling approach. RESULTS Extraction efficiency of propranolol using 10-μm-thick brain, kidney and liver tissues using droplet-based surface sampling varied between ~45 and 63%. The extraction efficiency decreased from ~65% to ~36% with liver thickness increasing from 8 μm to 24 μm. Selecting half of the samples as standards, the precision and accuracy of propranolol concentrations were determined for the other half of the samples that were employed as a quality control data set. The resulting precision (±15%) and accuracy (±3%) were within acceptable limits. CONCLUSIONS Quantitation of adjacent mouse tissue sections of different organs and of various thicknesses by droplet-based surface sampling in comparison with bulk extraction of tissue punches showed that extraction efficiency was incomplete using the former method, and that it depended on the organ and tissue thickness. However, once extraction efficiency was determined and applied, the droplet-based approach provided satisfactory quantitation accuracy and precision for assay validations. Thus, once the extraction efficiency was calibrated for a given tissue type, tissue thickness and drug, the droplet-based approach provides a non-labour-intensive and high-throughput means to acquire spatially resolved quantitative analysis of multiple samples of the same type. Published in 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilmos Kertesz
- Mass Spectrometry and Laser Spectroscopy Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6131, USA
| | - Taylor M Weiskittel
- Mass Spectrometry and Laser Spectroscopy Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6131, USA
- ORISE HERE Intern, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Marissa Vavrek
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, 19486, USA
| | - Carol Freddo
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, 19486, USA
| | - Gary J Van Berkel
- Mass Spectrometry and Laser Spectroscopy Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6131, USA
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Laskin
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA 99352
| | - Ingela Lanekoff
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Box 599, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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22
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Liu C, Choi K, Kang Y, Kim J, Fobel C, Seale B, Campbell JL, Covey TR, Wheeler AR. Direct Interface between Digital Microfluidics and High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2015; 87:11967-72. [PMID: 26595766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We introduce an automated method to facilitate in-line coupling of digital microfluidics (DMF) with HPLC-MS, using a custom, 3D-printed manifold and a custom plugin to the popular open-source control system, DropBot. The method was designed to interface directly with commercial autosamplers (with no prior modification), suggesting that it will be widely accessible for end-users. The system was demonstrated to be compatible with samples dissolved in aqueous buffers and neat methanol and was validated by application to a common steroid-labeling derivatization reaction. We propose that the methods described here will be useful for a wide range of applications, combining the automated sample processing power of DMF with the resolving and analytical capacity of HPLC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.,SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario L4K 4V8, Canada
| | - Kihwan Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.,Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Yang Kang
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario L4K 4V8, Canada
| | - Jihye Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Christian Fobel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.,Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Brendon Seale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | | | - Thomas R Covey
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario L4K 4V8, Canada
| | - Aaron R Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto , 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada.,Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
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23
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Van Berkel GJ, Kertesz V. An open port sampling interface for liquid introduction atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015; 29:1749-1756. [PMID: 26331924 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE A simple method to introduce unprocessed samples into a solvent for rapid characterization by liquid introduction atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry has been lacking. The continuous flow, self-cleaning open port sampling interface introduced here fills this void. METHODS The open port sampling interface used a vertically aligned, co-axial tube arrangement enabling solvent delivery to the sampling end of the device through the tubing annulus and solvent aspiration down the center tube and into the ionization source of the mass spectrometer via the commercial APCI emitter probe. The solvent delivery rate to the interface was set to exceed the aspiration rate, creating a continuous sampling interface along with a constant, self-cleaning spillover of solvent from the top of the probe. RESULTS Using the open port sampling interface with positive ion mode APCI and a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer, rapid, direct sampling and analysis possibilities are exemplified with plastics, ballpoint and felt tip ink pens, skin, and vegetable oils. These results demonstrated that the open port sampling interface could be used as a simple, versatile and self-cleaning system to rapidly introduce multiple types of unprocessed, sometimes highly concentrated and complex, samples into a solvent flow stream for subsequent ionization and analysis by mass spectrometry. The basic setup presented here could be incorporated with any self-aspirating liquid introduction ionization source (e.g., ESI, APCI, APPI, ICP, etc.) or any type of atmospheric pressure sampling-ready mass spectrometer system. CONCLUSIONS The open port sampling interface provides a means to introduce and quickly analyze unprocessed solid or liquid samples with the liquid introduction atmospheric pressure ionization source without fear of sampling interface or ionization source contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vilmos Kertesz
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
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