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Ye Z, Wang Y, Xiang B, Wang H, Tao H, Zhang C, Zhang S, Sun D, Luo F, Song L. Roles of the Siglec family in bone and bone homeostasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115064. [PMID: 37413904 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tremendous progress has been seen in the study of the role of sialic acid binding im-munoglobulin type lectins (Siglecs) in osteoimmunology in the past two decades. Interest in Siglecs as immune checkpoints has grown from the recognition that Siglecs have relevance to human disease. Siglecs play important roles in inflammation and cancer, and play key roles in immune cell signaling. By recognizing common sialic acid containing glycans on glycoproteins and glycolipids as regulatory receptors for immune cell signals, Siglecs are expressed on most immune cells and play important roles in normal homeostasis and self-tolerance. In this review, we describe the role that the siglec family plays in bone and bone homeostasis, including the regulation of osteoclast differentiation as well as recent advances in inflammation, cancer and osteoporosis. Particular emphasis is placed on the relevant functions of Siglecs in self-tolerance and as pattern recognition receptors in immune responses, thereby potentially providing emerging strategies for the treatment of bone related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Ye
- The Fourth Corps of Students of the Basic Medical College, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Yetong Wang
- The Fourth Corps of Students of the Basic Medical College, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Binqing Xiang
- Department of Surgical Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Army Border Defense 331st Brigade, Dandong 118000, China
| | - Haiyan Tao
- Health Management Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chengmin Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Fei Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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2
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Zhang B, Zhao J, Yan H, Zhao Y, Tian H, Wang C, Wang R, Jin J, Chen Y, Yang C, Li C, Jiao Y, Zheng K, Zhu F, Tian W. A novel nano delivery system targeting different stages of osteoclasts. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:1821-1830. [PMID: 35244664 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00076h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclast (OC) abnormalities represent osteoporosis's critical mechanism (OP). OCs undergo multiple processes that range from monocytic to functional. Different drugs target OCs at different developmental stages; however, almost no Suitable drug-targeted delivery systems exist. Therefore, we designed two dual-targeting nanoparticles to target OCs at different functional stages. Using the calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor (CGRPR), which OC precursors highly express, and specific TRAPpeptides screened in the bone resorption lacuna, where mature OCs function, respectively, two types of dual-targeted nanoparticles were constructed. Afterwards, nanoparticles were grafted with hyaluronic acid (HA), which specifically binds to CD44 on the surface of the OCs. In vivo and in vitro experiments show that both nanoparticles have noticeable targeting effects on OCs. This suggests that dual-targeting nanoparticles designed for different functional periods of OC can be well targeted to the corresponding OC, and further promote the more precise delivery of drugs used to treat OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongsong Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150080 Harbin, China.
| | - Juzhi Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150080 Harbin, China.
| | - Hongji Yan
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.,AIMES-Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences at Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yufang Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150080 Harbin, China. .,Laboratory for Space Environment and Physical Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150080 Harbin, China
| | - Hui Tian
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150080 Harbin, China.
| | - Cao Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150080 Harbin, China.
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150080 Harbin, China.
| | - Jiaming Jin
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150080 Harbin, China.
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150080 Harbin, China.
| | - Chaofan Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150080 Harbin, China.
| | - Chunfeng Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150080 Harbin, China.
| | - Yanwen Jiao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150080 Harbin, China.
| | - Kaipeng Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150080 Harbin, China.
| | - Fuxing Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150080 Harbin, China.
| | - Weiming Tian
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150080 Harbin, China.
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3
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Bergara-Muguruza L, Mäkelä K, Yrjälä T, Salonen J, Yamashita K, Nakamura M. Surface Electric Fields Increase Human Osteoclast Resorption through Improved Wettability on Carbonate-Incorporated Apatite. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:58270-58278. [PMID: 34860490 PMCID: PMC8678988 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclast-mediated bioresorption can be an efficient means of incorporating the dissolution of biomaterials in the bone remodeling process. Because of the compositionally and structurally close resemblance of biomaterials with the natural mineral phases of the bone matrix, synthetic carbonate-substituted apatite (CA) is considered as an ideal biomaterial for clinical use. The present study therefore investigated the effects of electrical polarization on the surface characteristics and interactions with human osteoclasts of hydroxyapatite (HA) and CA. Electrical polarization was found to improve the surface wettability of these materials by increasing the surface free energy, and this effect was maintained for 1 month. Analyses of human osteoclast cultures established that CA subjected to a polarization treatment enhanced osteoclast resorption but did not affect the early differentiation phase or the adherent morphology of the osteoclasts as evaluated by staining. These data suggest that the surface characteristics of the CA promoted osteoclast resorption. The results of this work are expected to contribute to the future design of cell-mediated bioresorbable biomaterials capable of resorption by osteoclasts and of serving as a scaffold for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Bergara-Muguruza
- Medicity
Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Keijo Mäkelä
- Turku
University Hospital, University of Turku, Luolavuorentie 2, 20700 Turku, Finland
| | - Tommi Yrjälä
- Turku
University Hospital, University of Turku, Luolavuorentie 2, 20700 Turku, Finland
- Department
of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University
of Turku, Luolavuorentie
2, 20700 Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Salonen
- Medicity
Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Kimihiro Yamashita
- Graduate
School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo
Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Miho Nakamura
- Medicity
Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Institute
of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo
Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 1010062 Japan
- Graduate
School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579 Japan
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4
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Root SH, Aguila HL. Novel population of human monocyte and osteoclast progenitors from pluripotent stem cells and peripheral blood. Blood Adv 2021; 5:4435-4446. [PMID: 34581760 PMCID: PMC8579260 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are multinuclear cells of monocytic lineage, with the ability to resorb bone. Studies in mouse have identified bone marrow clonal progenitors able to generate mature osteoclast cells (OCs) in vitro and in vivo. These osteoclast progenitors (OCPs) can also generate macrophages and dendritic cells. Interestingly, cells with equivalent potential can be detected in periphery. In humans, cells with OCP activity have been identified in bone marrow and periphery; however, their characterization has not been as extensive. We have developed reproducible methods to derive, from human pluripotent stem cells, a population containing monocyte progenitors able to generate functional OCs. Within this population, we have identified cells with monocyte and osteoclast progenitor activity based on CD11b and CD14 expression. A population double positive for CD11b and CD14 contains cells with expected osteoclastic potential. However, the double negative (DN) population, containing most of the hematopoietic progenitor activity, also presents a very high osteoclastic potential. These progenitor cells can also be differentiated to macrophage and dendritic cells. Further dissection within the DN population identified cells bearing the phenotype CD15-CD115+ as the population with highest monocytic progenitor and osteoclastic potential. When similar methodology was used to identify OCPs from human peripheral blood, we confirmed a published OCP population with the phenotype CD11b+CD14+. In addition, we identified a second population (CD14-CD11bloCD115+) with high monocytic progenitor activity that was also able to form osteoclast like cells, similar to the 2 populations identified from pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra H. Root
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - Héctor L. Aguila
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
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5
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Pennanen P, Kallionpää RA, Peltonen S, Nissinen L, Kähäri VM, Heervä E, Peltonen J. Signaling pathways in human osteoclasts differentiation: ERK1/2 as a key player. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:1243-1254. [PMID: 33486672 PMCID: PMC7925492 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the signaling pathways involved in the differentiation of human osteoclasts. The present study evaluated the roles of the Ras/PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Ras/Raf/MEK1/2/ERK1/2, calcium-PKC, and p38 signaling pathways in human osteoclast differentiation. Mononuclear cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of control persons and patients with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), and the cells were differentiated into osteoclasts in the presence of signaling pathway inhibitors. Osteoclast differentiation was assessed using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5B. Inhibition of most signaling pathways with chemical inhibitors decreased the number of human osteoclasts and disrupted F-actin ring formation, while the inhibition of p38 resulted in an increased number of osteoclasts, which is a finding contradictory to previous murine studies. However, the p38 inhibition did not increase the bone resorption capacity of the cells. Ras-inhibitor FTS increased osteoclastogenesis in samples from control persons, but an inhibitory effect was observed in NF1 samples. Inhibition of MEK, PI3K, and mTOR reduced markedly the number of NF1-deficient osteoclasts, but no effect was observed in control samples. Western blot analyses showed that the changes in the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 correlated with the number of osteoclasts. Our results highlight the fact that osteoclastogenesis is regulated by multiple interacting signaling pathways and emphasize that murine and human findings related to osteoclastogenesis are not necessarily equivalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Pennanen
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Roope A Kallionpää
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirkku Peltonen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Liisa Nissinen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Cancer Research Laboratory FICAN West, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kähäri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Cancer Research Laboratory FICAN West, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Eetu Heervä
- Department of Oncology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha Peltonen
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland.
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Yates TH, Cooperman SR, Shofler D, Agrawal DK. Current concepts underlying the pathophysiology of acute Charcot neuroarthropathy in the diabetic foot and ankle. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2020; 16:839-845. [PMID: 32735458 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2020.1804869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With a complex and often misunderstood etiology, acute Charcot neuroarthropathy (ACN) is a devastating complication of peripheral neuropathy. In patients with diabetes, timely diagnosis of ACN in the foot and ankle is essential to prevent loss of both limb and life. AREAS COVERED Herein, the authors evaluate the growing body of evidence in identifying targeted pathways for future therapeutic interventions. A literature search was conducted through the PubMed research database. Searched terms included 'Charcot,' 'foot and ankle,' 'neuroarthropathy,' 'pathophysiology,' 'arthropathy,' 'diabetic foot,' and 'Charcot foot.' EXPERT OPINION The interplay between the acute inflammatory response, cytokine signaling, and bone metabolism equilibrium can now be better understood with the aid of several novel immunobiologic mechanisms. The more recently elucidated roles of advanced glycation end-products, neuropeptides, monocyte differentiation, and genomics combine with classical Charcot pathophysiology to aid researchers and clinicians alike in combatting this often puzzling consequence of peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Yates
- Western University of Health Sciences, College of Podiatric Medicine , Pomona, California, USA
| | - Steven R Cooperman
- Western University of Health Sciences, College of Podiatric Medicine , Pomona, California, USA
| | - David Shofler
- Western University of Health Sciences, College of Podiatric Medicine , Pomona, California, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Western University of Health Sciences, College of Podiatric Medicine , Pomona, California, USA
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7
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Manshouri T, Verstovsek S, Harris DM, Veletic I, Zhang X, Post SM, Bueso-Ramos CE, Estrov Z. Primary myelofibrosis marrow-derived CD14+/CD34- monocytes induce myelofibrosis-like phenotype in immunodeficient mice and give rise to megakaryocytes. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222912. [PMID: 31569199 PMCID: PMC6768666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To confirm that neoplastic monocyte-derived collagen- and fibronectin-producing fibrocytes induce bone marrow (BM) fibrosis in primary myelofibrosis (PMF), we injected PMF BM-derived fibrocyte-precursor CD14+/CD34- monocytes into the tail vein of NOD-SCID-γ (NSG) mice. PMF BM-derived CD14+/CD34- monocytes engrafted and induced a PMF-like phenotype with splenomegaly, myeloid hyperplasia with clusters of atypical megakaryocytes, persistence of the JAK2V617F mutation, and BM and spleen fibrosis. As control we used normal human BM-derived CD14+/CD34- monocytes. These monocytes also engrafted and gave rise to normal megakaryocytes that, like PMF CD14+/CD34--derived megakaryocytes, expressed HLA-ABC and human CD42b antigens. Using 2 clonogenic assays we confirmed that PMF and normal BM-derived CD14+/CD34- monocytes give rise to megakaryocyte colony-forming cells, suggesting that a subpopulation BM monocytes harbors megakaryocyte progenitor capacity. Taken together, our data suggest that PMF monocytes induce myelofibrosis-like phenotype in immunodeficient mice and that PMF and normal BM-derived CD14+/CD34- monocytes give rise to megakaryocyte progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghi Manshouri
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Srdan Verstovsek
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - David M. Harris
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Ivo Veletic
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Xiaorui Zhang
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Sean M. Post
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Carlos E. Bueso-Ramos
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Zeev Estrov
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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8
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Nicolin V, De Tommasi N, Nori SL, Costantinides F, Berton F, Di Lenarda R. Modulatory Effects of Plant Polyphenols on Bone Remodeling: A Prospective View From the Bench to Bedside. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:494. [PMID: 31396157 PMCID: PMC6663995 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past, a more comprehensive knowledge of mechanisms implicated in bone resorption processes has driven researchers to develop a compound library of many small molecules that specifically interfere with the genesis of osteoclast precursors cells. Natural compounds that suppress osteoclast commitment may have therapeutic value in treating pathologies associated with bone resorption like osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, bone metastasis, and periodontal disease. The present review is focused on the current knowledge on the polyphenols derived from plants that could be efficacious in suppressing osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Nicolin
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- *Correspondence: Vanessa Nicolin
| | | | | | | | - Federico Berton
- School of Dental Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Lenarda
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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9
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Abstract
Charcot neuroarthropathy is a rare but serious complication of diabetes, causing progressive destruction of the bones and joints of the foot leading to deformity, altered biomechanics and an increased risk of ulceration. Management is complicated by a lack of consensus on diagnostic criteria and an incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis. In this review, we consider recent insights into the development of Charcot neuroarthropathy. It is likely to be dependent on several interrelated factors which may include a genetic pre-disposition in combination with diabetic neuropathy. This leads to decreased neuropeptides (nitric oxide and calcitonin gene-related peptide), which may affect the normal coupling of bone formation and resorption, and increased levels of Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, potentiating osteoclastogenesis. Repetitive unrecognized trauma due to neuropathy increases levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor α) which could also contribute to increased bone resorption, in combination with a pre-inflammatory state, with increased autoimmune reactivity and a profile of monocytes primed to transform into osteoclasts - cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14). Increased blood glucose and loss of circulating Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGLEPs), leading to increased non-enzymatic glycation of collagen and accumulation of AGLEPs in the tissues of the foot, may also contribute to the pathological process. An understanding of the relative contributions of each of these mechanisms and a final common pathway for the development of Charcot neuroarthropathy are still lacking. Cite this article: S. E. Johnson-Lynn, A. W. McCaskie, A. P. Coll, A. H. N. Robinson. Neuroarthropathy in diabetes: pathogenesis of Charcot arthropathy. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:373–378. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.75.BJR-2017-0334.R1.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Johnson-Lynn
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - A W McCaskie
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A P Coll
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A H N Robinson
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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10
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CD169 + macrophages are critical for osteoblast maintenance and promote intramembranous and endochondral ossification during bone repair. Biomaterials 2017; 196:51-66. [PMID: 29107337 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Osteal macrophages (osteomacs) contribute to bone homeostasis and regeneration. To further distinguish their functions from osteoclasts, which share many markers and growth factor requirements, we developed a rapid, enzyme-free osteomac enrichment protocol that permitted characterization of minimally manipulated osteomacs by flow cytometry. Osteomacs differ from osteoclasts in expression of Siglec1 (CD169). This distinction was confirmed using the CD169-diphtheria toxin (DT) receptor (DTR) knock-in model. DT treatment of naïve CD169-DTR mice resulted in selective and striking loss of osteomacs, whilst osteoclasts and trabecular bone area were unaffected. Consistent with a previously-reported trophic interaction, osteomac loss was accompanied by a concomitant and proportionately striking reduction in osteoblasts. The impact of CD169+ macrophage depletion was assessed in two models of bone injury that heal via either intramembranous (tibial injury) or endochondral (internally-plated femoral fracture model) ossification. In both models, CD169+ macrophage, including osteomac depletion compromised bone repair. Importantly, DT treatment in CD169-DTR mice did not affect osteoclast frequency in either model. In the femoral fracture model, the magnitude of callus formation correlated with the number of F4/80+ macrophages that persisted within the callus. Overall these observations provide compelling support that CD169+ osteomacs, independent of osteoclasts, provide vital pro-anabolic support to osteoblasts during both bone homeostasis and repair.
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11
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Perpétuo IP, Caetano-Lopes J, Rodrigues AM, Campanilho-Marques R, Ponte C, Canhão H, Ainola M, Fonseca JE. Methotrexate and low-dose prednisolone downregulate osteoclast function by decreasing receptor activator of nuclear factor-κβ expression in monocytes from patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. RMD Open 2017; 3:e000365. [PMID: 28955481 PMCID: PMC5604603 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2016-000365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic, immune-mediated inflammatory disease that ultimately leads to bone erosions and joint destruction. Methotrexate (MTX) slows bone damage but the mechanism by which it acts is still unknown. In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of MTX and low-dose prednisolone (PDN) on circulating osteoclast (OC) precursors and OC differentiation in patients with RA. Methods Patients with RA before and at least 6 months after MTX therapy were analysed and compared with healthy donors. A blood sample was collected in order to assess receptor activator of NF-κβ (RANK) ligand surface expression on circulating leucocytes and frequency and phenotype of monocyte subpopulations. Quantification of serum levels of bone turnover markers and cytokines and OC differentiation assays were performed. Results Classical activation markers of monocytes and RANK increased in patients with RA at baseline, compared with control healthy donors, and after MTX and low-dose PDN (MTX+PDN) exposure they decreased to control levels. Although the number of OC was not different between groups, the percentage of resorbed area and the resorbed area per pit reduced after treatment. Serum soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa (RANKL) levels increased at baseline compared with healthy donors and normalised after therapy. Conclusion Our results suggest that MTX+PDN play an important role in downregulating OC function, which we believe occurs through the decrease in RANK surface expression in monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Pedro Perpétuo
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Caetano-Lopes
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Rodrigues
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Raquel Campanilho-Marques
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Department of Rheumatology, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, EPE, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina Ponte
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Department of Rheumatology, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, EPE, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena Canhão
- EpiDoC Unit, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mari Ainola
- Department of Medicine, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - João Eurico Fonseca
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Department of Rheumatology, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, EPE, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal
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12
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Hirano Y, Iwasaki Y. Bone-specific poly(ethylene sodium phosphate)-bearing biodegradable nanoparticles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 153:104-110. [PMID: 28231498 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the most reliable treatment for osteoporosis and osseous metastases. To facilitate better drug delivery for bone treatments, a novel preparation of polymeric nanoparticles with high affinity to bone has been prepared. Two-step synthesis of cholesteryl-functionalized poly(ethylene sodium phosphate) (Ch-PEPn·Na) was performed via ring-opening polymerization of cyclic phosphoesters and the demethylation. The molecular weight of Ch-PEPn·Na could be well controlled by changing the ratio of cholesterol and cyclic phosphoesters. Because Ch-PEPn·Na exhibits an amphiphilic nature in aqueous media, Ch-PEPn·Na-bearing nanoparticles (PEPn·Na NPs) were prepared by a solvent evaporation technique. The size of the nanoparticles investigated in the current study is approximately 100nm, which was determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Due to the presence of highly water-soluble polymer chains, dispersion of PEPn·Na NPs in aqueous media was stable for at least 1 week. Hemolytic activity of PEPn·Na NPs was found to be low and PEPn·Na NPs did not disintegrate mammalian cell membranes. Additionally, cytotoxicity of PEPn·Na NPs was not observed at concentrations below 100μg/mL. The adsorption of PEPn·Na NPs on hydroxyapatite (HAp) microparticles was studied in comparison with poly(ethylene glycol) nanoparticles (PEG NPs). Both PEPn·Na NPs and PEG NPs adsorbed well onto HAp microparticles in distilled water with binding equilibrium constants (KHAp) for PEPn·Na NPs and PEG NPs of 3.6×106 and 7.9×106, respectively. In contrast, only PEPn·Na NPs adsorbed onto HAp microparticles in a saline phosphate buffer. Moreover, the adsorption of PEPn·Na NPs onto HAp microparticles occurred even in the presence of 1.2mM calcium ions or low-pH media. The affinity of the nanoparticles to bovine bone slices was also studied, with the result that large quantities of adsorbed PEPn·Na NPs were observed on the slices by scanning electron microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Hirano
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita-shi, Osaka, 564-8680, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Iwasaki
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita-shi, Osaka, 564-8680, Japan; ORDIST, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita-shi, Osaka, 564-0836, Japan.
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Effect of Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Therapy on Osteoclasts Precursors in Rheumatoid Arthritis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:2690402. [PMID: 28286757 PMCID: PMC5327780 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2690402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) increases circulating osteoclast (OC) precursors numbers by promoting their proliferation and differentiation. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of TNF inhibitors (TNFi) on the differentiation and activity of OC in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Methods. Seventeen RA patients treated with TNFi were analyzed at baseline and after a minimum follow-up period of 6 months. Blood samples were collected to assess receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) surface expression on circulating leukocytes and frequency and phenotype of monocyte subpopulations. Quantification of serum levels of bone turnover markers, in vitro OC differentiation assays, and qRT-PCR for OC specific genes was performed. Results. After TNFi therapy, patients had reduced RANKL surface expression in B-lymphocytes and the frequency of circulating classical CD14brightCD16− monocytes was decreased. Serum levels of sRANKL, sRANKL/OPG ratio, and CTX-I were reduced in RA patients after TNFi treatment. Moreover, after exposure to TNFi, osteoclast differentiation and activity were decreased, as well as the expression of TRAF6 and cathepsin K. Conclusion. We propose that TNFi arrests bone loss and erosion, through two pathways: direct reduction of osteoclast precursor numbers and inhibition of intracellular signaling pathways acting through TRAF6.
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Perpétuo IP, Caetano-Lopes J, Vieira-Sousa E, Campanilho-Marques R, Ponte C, Canhão H, Ainola M, Fonseca JE. Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients Have Impaired Osteoclast Gene Expression in Circulating Osteoclast Precursors. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:5. [PMID: 28191455 PMCID: PMC5269449 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is typically characterized by focal bone overgrowth and also by systemic bone loss. We hypothesize that the increased osteoproliferation found in AS might be partially due to reduced ability of osteoclast precursors (OCPs) to differentiate into osteoclasts (OCs). Therefore, our aim was to characterize bone remodeling and pro-osteoclastogenesis inflammatory environment, monocytes' phenotype, and in vitro osteoclast differentiation in AS patients. METHODS Patients with active AS without any ongoing therapy and age- and gender-matched healthy donors were recruited. Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κβ (RANKL) surface expression on circulating leukocytes and frequency and phenotype of monocyte subpopulations were assessed. Quantification of serum levels of bone turnover markers and cytokines, in vitro OC differentiation assay and quantitative reverse transcription real-time PCR for OC-specific genes were performed. RESULTS Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine serum levels were higher in AS patients than in controls. RANKL neutrophil expression was higher in AS patients when compared to healthy donors, but CD51/CD61 expression was lower in the classical monocyte subpopulation. Concerning osteoclastogenesis, we found no differences in the in vitro osteoclast differentiating potential of these cells when compared to healthy donors. However, we observed low expression of CSF1R, RANK, and NFATc1 in AS OCPs. CONCLUSION Despite the high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines present in AS patients, no differences in the number of OC or resorbed area were found between AS patients and healthy donors. Moreover, we observed that OCPs have low OC-specific gene expression. These findings support our hypothesis of an impaired response of OCPs to pro-osteoclastogenic stimuli in vivo in AS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês P Perpétuo
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Joana Caetano-Lopes
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Elsa Vieira-Sousa
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Rheumatology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Raquel Campanilho-Marques
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Rheumatology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina Ponte
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Rheumatology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena Canhão
- EpiDoC Unit, Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Mari Ainola
- Musculoskeletal Diseases and Inflammation Research Group, Biomedicum Helsinki 1, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - João E Fonseca
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Rheumatology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
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Wu AC, He Y, Broomfield A, Paatan NJ, Harrington BS, Tseng HW, Beaven EA, Kiernan DM, Swindle P, Clubb AB, Levesque JP, Winkler IG, Ling MT, Srinivasan B, Hooper JD, Pettit AR. CD169(+) macrophages mediate pathological formation of woven bone in skeletal lesions of prostate cancer. J Pathol 2016; 239:218-30. [PMID: 27174786 DOI: 10.1002/path.4718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal metastases present a major clinical challenge for prostate cancer patient care, inflicting distinctive mixed osteoblastic and osteolytic lesions that cause morbidity and refractory skeletal complications. Macrophages are abundant in bone and bone marrow and can influence both osteoblast and osteoclast function in physiology and pathology. Herein, we examined the role of macrophages in prostate cancer bone lesions, particularly the osteoblastic response. First, macrophage and lymphocyte distributions were qualitatively assessed in patient's prostate cancer skeletal lesions by immunohistochemistry. Second, macrophage functional contributions to prostate tumour growth in bone were explored using an immune-competent mouse model combined with two independent approaches to achieve in vivo macrophage depletion: liposome encapsulated clodronate that depletes phagocytic cells (including macrophages and osteoclasts); and targeted depletion of CD169(+) macrophages using a suicide gene knock-in model. Immunohistochemistry and histomorphometric analysis were performed to quantitatively assess cancer-induced bone changes. In human bone metastasis specimens, CD68(+) macrophages were consistently located within the tumour mass. Osteal macrophages (osteomacs) were associated with pathological woven bone within the metastatic lesions. In contrast, lymphocytes were inconsistently present in prostate cancer skeletal lesions and when detected, had varied distributions. In the immune-competent mouse model, CD169(+) macrophage ablation significantly inhibited prostate cancer-induced woven bone formation, suggesting that CD169(+) macrophages within pathological woven bone are integral to tumour-induced bone formation. In contrast, pan-phagocytic cell, but not targeted CD169(+) macrophage depletion resulted in increased tumour mass, indicating that CD169(-) macrophage subset(s) and/or osteoclasts influenced tumour growth. In summary, these observations indicate a prominent role for macrophages in prostate cancer bone metastasis that may be therapeutically targetable to reduce the negative skeletal impacts of this malignancy, including tumour-induced bone modelling. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy C Wu
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Yaowu He
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Amy Broomfield
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Mater Misericordiae Ltd., South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicoll J Paatan
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Brittney S Harrington
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Hsu-Wen Tseng
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Beaven
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Mater Misericordiae Ltd., South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Deirdre M Kiernan
- Department of Urology, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter Swindle
- Department of Urology, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Adrian B Clubb
- Department of Urology, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jean-Pierre Levesque
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Ingrid G Winkler
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Ming-Tat Ling
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia.,Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Bhuvana Srinivasan
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Mater Misericordiae Ltd., South Brisbane, Australia
| | - John D Hooper
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Allison R Pettit
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
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Nakamura M, Hiratai R, Hentunen T, Salonen J, Yamashita K. Hydroxyapatite with High Carbonate Substitutions Promotes Osteoclast Resorption through Osteocyte-like Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:259-267. [PMID: 33418638 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of ceramic biomaterials in the repair of bone defects varies from materials that purely fill the physical defects of the injured bone to scaffolds that control cellular behaviors. In this study, we investigated the osteoclast formation related to the osteoconductivity of ceramic biomaterials. We performed in vitro cocultures using osteocyte-like cells and bone marrow cells and in vivo implantations of hydroxyapatite with different amounts of carbonate substitutions into rat femurs. The analyses of the cocultures revealed that bone marrow cells differentiated into osteoclasts and were activated to resorb the substratum when grown on hydroxyapatite with higher numbers of carbonate substitutions. This was indicated by the expression of macrophage colony-stimulating factor and receptor activator of the nuclear factor-kappa B ligand that induce osteoclast differentiation by osteocyte-like cells and characteristic resorption pits. The increased osteoclastogenesis in vivo was observed near the hydroxyapatite with more carbonate substitutions after implantation into the rat femurs. These results suggest that the content of carbonate ions in an apatite crystal lattice has an inductive effect on osteoclastogenesis in the vicinity of the implanted ceramic biomaterial. The results contribute to the design of biomaterials that would be resorbed by osteoclasts after fulfilling their primary function as scaffolds for cell growth and eventually bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Nakamura
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 1010062, Japan
| | - Rumi Hiratai
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 1010062, Japan
| | - Teuvo Hentunen
- Institute of Biomedicine/Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Salonen
- Institute of Biomedicine/Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Kimihiro Yamashita
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 1010062, Japan
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Perpétuo IP, Raposeiro R, Caetano-Lopes J, Vieira-Sousa E, Campanilho-Marques R, Ponte C, Canhão H, Ainola M, Fonseca JE. Effect of Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Therapy on Osteoclasts Precursors in Ankylosing Spondylitis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144655. [PMID: 26674064 PMCID: PMC4682624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is characterized by excessive local bone formation and concomitant systemic bone loss. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) plays a central role in the inflammation of axial skeleton and enthesis of AS patients. Despite reduction of inflammation and systemic bone loss, AS patients treated with TNF inhibitors (TNFi) have ongoing local bone formation. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of TNFi in the differentiation and activity of osteoclasts (OC) in AS patients. Methods 13 AS patients treated with TNFi were analyzed at baseline and after a minimum follow-up period of 6 months. 25 healthy donors were recruited as controls. Blood samples were collected to assess receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) surface expression on circulating leukocytes and frequency and phenotype of monocyte subpopulations. Quantification of serum levels of bone turnover markers and cytokines, in vitro OC differentiation assay and qRT-PCR for OC specific genes were performed. Results RANKL+ circulating lymphocytes (B and T cells) and IL-17A, IL-23 and TGF-β levels were decreased after TNFi treatment. We found no differences in the frequency of the different monocyte subpopulations, however, we found decreased expression of CCR2 and increased expression of CD62L after TNFi treatment. OC number was reduced in patients at baseline when compared to controls. OC specific gene expression was reduced in circulating OC precursors after TNFi treatment. However, when cultured in OC differentiating conditions, OC precursors from AS TNFi-treated patients showed increased activity as compared to baseline. Conclusion In AS patients, TNFi treatment reduces systemic pro osteoclastogenic stimuli. However, OC precursors from AS patients exposed to TNFi therapy have increased in vitro activity in response to osteoclastogenic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês P. Perpétuo
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Rita Raposeiro
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Caetano-Lopes
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Elsa Vieira-Sousa
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
- Rheumatology and bone metabolic diseases department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Raquel Campanilho-Marques
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
- Rheumatology and bone metabolic diseases department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina Ponte
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
- Rheumatology and bone metabolic diseases department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena Canhão
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
- Rheumatology and bone metabolic diseases department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mari Ainola
- Musculoskeletal Diseases and Inflammation Research Group, Biomedicum Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - João E. Fonseca
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
- Rheumatology and bone metabolic diseases department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
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Song R, Liu X, Zhu J, Gao Q, Wang Q, Zhang J, Wang D, Cheng L, Hu D, Yuan Y, Gu J, Liu Z. RhoV mediates apoptosis of RAW264.7 macrophages caused by osteoclast differentiation. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:1153-9. [PMID: 25354898 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages, a type of immune cell, are the precursors of osteoclasts, and have important roles in bone remodeling and the immune system. In the present study, the RAW264.7 cell line was used as a macrophage model in order to study the macrophage changes during osteoclastogenesis. Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony‑stimulating factor (M‑CSF) induce the formation of osteoclasts from several precursor cells. Observation of RAW264.7 macrophage osteoclastogenesis under the induction of RANKL and M‑CSF revealed that except the few RAW264.7 macrophages that were differentiated into osteoclasts, almost all undifferentiated RAW264.7 macrophages underwent apoptosis. BRL‑3A cells have no differentiation ability, and RANKL and M‑CSF treatments did not induce BRL‑3A cell apoptosis. When osteoprotegerin (OPG) was used to completely inhibit the differentiation of RAW264.7 macrophages to osteoclasts, apoptosis did not occur amongst the RAW264.7 macrophages despite the action of RANKL and M‑CSF. Rac1, RhoA and RhoV are apoptosis‑associated genes in the Rho guanosine triphosphate (GTP)ase family. Their expression levels were detected using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). During the process of osteoclast differentiation, the mRNA expression of RhoV was significantly upregulated, while apoptosis occurred in a large proportion of macrophages. However, when macrophage apoptosis was inhibited by OPG, RhoV expression was significantly downregulated. Conversely, Rac1 and RhoA expression did not vary in correspondence with the apoptotic rate of the RAW264.7 macrophages. In conclusion, differentiation of RAW264.7 macrophages into osteoclasts resulted in their apoptosis. OPG inhibited RAW264.7 macrophage differentiation into osteoclasts, and thereby inhibited the apoptosis of RAW264.7 macrophages. RhoV mediated the apoptosis of RAW264.7 macrophages during osteoclast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilong Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
| | - Xuezhong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqiao Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
| | - Qian Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
| | - Qichao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
| | - Laiyang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
| | - Di Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
| | - Jianhong Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
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Šućur A, Katavić V, Kelava T, Jajić Z, Kovačić N, Grčević D. Induction of osteoclast progenitors in inflammatory conditions: key to bone destruction in arthritis. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2014; 38:1893-903. [DOI: 10.1007/s00264-014-2386-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Petrova NL, Petrov PK, Edmonds ME, Shanahan CM. Novel use of a Dektak 150 surface profiler unmasks differences in resorption pit profiles between control and Charcot patient osteoclasts. Calcif Tissue Int 2014; 94:403-11. [PMID: 24322885 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-013-9820-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that newly formed osteoclasts from patients with acute Charcot osteoarthropathy can resorb surfaces of bone more extensively compared with controls. Peripheral blood monocytes, isolated from eight Charcot patients and nine controls, were cultured in vitro on 24-well plates and bovine bone discs in duplicate with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κβ ligand (RANKL). Osteoclast formation was assessed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining (TRAcP) at day 17. Resorption was measured at day 21 after toluidine blue staining by two methods: (1) area of resorption at the surface by image analysis (%) and (2) area of resorption under the surface (μm(2)) measured by a Dektak 150 Surface Profiler. Ten 1,000 μm-long scans were performed per disc. Pits were classified as unidented, bidented, and multidented according to their shape. Although the number of newly formed TRAcP positive multinucleated cells (>3 nuclei) was similar in M-CSF + RANKL-treated cultures between controls and Charcot patients, the latter exhibited increased resorbing activity. The area of resorption on the surface by image analysis was significantly greater in Charcot patients compared with controls (21.1 % [14.5-26.2] vs. 40.8 % [35.4-46.0], median [25-75th percentile], p < 0.01), as was the area of resorption under the surface (2.7 x 10(3) μm(2) [1.6 x 10(3)- 3.9 x 10(3)] vs. 8.3 x 10(3) μm (2) [5.6 x 10(3)- 10.6 x 10(3), [corrected] p < 0.01) after profilometry. In Charcot patients pits were deeper and wider and more frequently presented as multidented pits. This application of the Dektak 150 Surface Profiler revealed novel differences in resorption pit profile from osteoclasts derived from Charcot patients compared with controls. Resorption in Charcot patients was mediated by highly aggressive newly formed osteoclasts from monocytes eroding large and deep areas of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina L Petrova
- Diabetic Foot Clinic, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK,
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Schramm HM. Should EMT of Cancer Cells Be Understood as Epithelial-Myeloid Transition? J Cancer 2014; 5:125-32. [PMID: 24494030 PMCID: PMC3909767 DOI: 10.7150/jca.8242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells express epithelial markers, and when progressing in malignancy they may express markers of the mesenchymal cell type. Therefore an epithelial-mesenchymal transition of the cancer cells is assumed. However the mesenchymal markers can equally well be interpreted as myeloid markers since they are common in both types of cell lineages. Moreover, cancer cells express multiple specific markers of the myeloid lineages thus giving rise to the hypothesis that the transition of cancer cells may be from epithelial to myeloid cells and not to mesenchymal cells. This interpretation would better explain why cancer cells, often already in their primary cancer site, frequently show properties common to those of macrophages, platelets and pre-/osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning M. Schramm
- Institute Hiscia, Society for Cancer Research, CH-4144 Arlesheim/Switzerland
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Kadow-Romacker A, Duda GN, Bormann N, Schmidmaier G, Wildemann B. Slight changes in the mechanical stimulation affects osteoblast- and osteoclast-like cells in co-culture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 40:441-7. [PMID: 24474895 DOI: 10.1159/000356284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoblast- and osteoclast-like cells are responsible for coordinated bone maintenance, illustrated by a balanced formation and resorption. Both parameters appear to be influenced by mechanical constrains acting on each of these cell types individually. We hypothesized that the interactions between both cell types are also influenced by mechanical stimulation. METHODS Co-cultures of osteoblast- and osteoclast-like cells were stimulated with 1,100 µstrain, 0.1 or 0.3 Hz for 1-5 min/day over 5 days. Two different setups depending on the differentiation of the osteoclast-like cells were used: i) differentiation assay for the fusion of pre-osteoclasts to osteoclasts, ii) resorption assay to determine the activity level of osteoclast-like cells. RESULTS In the differentiation assay (co-culture of osteoblasts with unfused osteoclast precursor cells) the mechanical stimulation resulted in a significant decrease of collagen-1 and osteocalcin produced by osteoblast-like cells. Significantly more TRAP-iso5b was measured after stimulation for 3 min with 0.1 Hz, indicating enhanced osteoclastogenesis. In the resorption assay (co-culture of osteoblasts with fused osteoclasts) the stimulation for 3 min with 0.3 Hz significantly increased the resorption activity of osteoclasts measured by the pit formation and the collagen resorption. The same mechanical stimulation resulted in an increased collagen-1 production by the osteoblast-like cells. The ratio of RANKL/OPG was not different between the groups. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that already small changes in duration or frequency of mechanical stimulation had significant consequences for the behavior of osteoblast- and osteoclast-like cells in co-culture, which partially depend on the differentiation status of the osteoclast-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Kadow-Romacker
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicole Bormann
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schmidmaier
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Britt Wildemann
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
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Bitu CC, Kauppila JH, Bufalino A, Nurmenniemi S, Teppo S, Keinänen M, Vilen ST, Lehenkari P, Nyberg P, Coletta RD, Salo T. Cathepsin K is present in invasive oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma in vivo and in vitro. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70925. [PMID: 23951042 PMCID: PMC3737264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Cathepsin K, a lysosomal cysteine protease, is expressed in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of skin carcinoma, but nothing is known about cathepsin K in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). Our aim was to describe the expression of cathepsin K in invasive OTSCC in vitro and in a series of clinical cancer specimens. Materials and Methods OTSCC invasion in vitro was studied using invasive HSC-3 tongue carcinoma cells in 3D organotypic models. In total, 121 mobile tongue OTSCCs and 10 lymph node metastases were analyzed for cathepsin K expression. The association between cathepsin K expression and clinicopathological factors was evaluated. Results Cysteine protease inhibitor E64 and cathepsin K silencing significantly (p<0.0001) reduced HSC-3 cell invasion in the 3D models. Cathepsin K was expressed in a majority of carcinoma and metastatic cells, but the expression pattern in carcinoma cells did not correlate with clinical parameters. Instead, the weak expression of cathepsin K in the invasive TME front correlated with increased overall recurrence (p<0.05), and in early-stage tumors this pattern predicted both cancer recurrence and cancer-specific mortality (p<0.05 and p<0.005, respectively). Conclusions Cathepsin K is expressed in OTSCC tissue in both carcinoma and TME cells. Although the diminished activity and expression in aggressive tongue HSC-3 cells reduced 3D invasion in vitro, the amount of cathepsin K in carcinoma cells was not associated with the outcome of cancer patients. Instead, cathepsin K in the invasive TME front seems to have a protective role in the complex progression of tongue cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina C. Bitu
- Department of Diagnostics and Oral Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Joonas H. Kauppila
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Diagnostics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Andréia Bufalino
- Piracicaba Dental School – UNICAMP, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sini Nurmenniemi
- Department of Diagnostics and Oral Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Susanna Teppo
- Department of Diagnostics and Oral Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Meeri Keinänen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Suvi-Tuuli Vilen
- Department of Diagnostics and Oral Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Cell Biology of Oral Diseases, Institute of Dentistry, Biomedicum Helsinki Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petri Lehenkari
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pia Nyberg
- Department of Diagnostics and Oral Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ricardo D. Coletta
- Piracicaba Dental School – UNICAMP, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tuula Salo
- Department of Diagnostics and Oral Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Cell Biology of Oral Diseases, Institute of Dentistry, Biomedicum Helsinki Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- * E-mail:
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Nicolin V, Narducci P. Expression of E-Cadherin During Osteoclast Formation: A Morphological Study. J Histotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/his.2008.31.2.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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25
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Avnet S, Salerno M, Zini N, Alberghini M, Gibellini D, Baldini N. Sustained Autocrine Induction and Impaired Negative Feedback of Osteoclastogenesis in CD14+ Cells of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 182:1357-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Nakamura M, Hentunen T, Salonen J, Nagai A, Yamashita K. Characterization of bone mineral-resembling biomaterials for optimizing human osteoclast differentiation and resorption. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:3141-51. [PMID: 23554241 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bioresorption is a biological mechanism by which biomaterials are resorbed and thereby disappear from implantation sites partially or completely over a period of time. Osteoclast-medicated bioresorption is a possible new advantage to incorporate material degradation into remodeling in bone metabolism process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the osteoclastogenesis and bioresorption of synthesized calcium phosphate materials. Differentiation into mature human osteoclasts on carbonated hydroxyapatite (CA) was significantly enhanced compared to hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate, based on the quantitative gene expressions of molecular markers for osteoclast differentiation. Osteoclasts adhered and differentiated into giant multinuclear TRAP-positive cells on every type of synthesized sample based on the histological analysis. Morphological observations using fluorescence and quantitative analysis revealed that the actin rings of osteoclasts on CA were thick, small in diameter and co-localized with vinculin, similar to the rings found on bone slices. In contrast, the actin rings of osteoclasts on HA and culture dishes were thin and large in diameter. Scanning electron microscopic images and quantitative analysis indicated that the resorption pits on CA were significantly deeper than those on HA due to the enhanced tight sealing ability between osteoclasts and their substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Nakamura
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 1010062, Japan
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Hirvonen MJ, Mulari MTK, Büki KG, Vihko P, Härkönen PL, Väänänen HK. Rab13 is upregulated during osteoclast differentiation and associates with small vesicles revealing polarized distribution in resorbing cells. J Histochem Cytochem 2012; 60:537-49. [PMID: 22562557 DOI: 10.1369/0022155412448069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing multinucleated cells that undergo drastic changes in their polarization due to heavy vesicular trafficking during the resorption cycle. These events require the precise orchestration of membrane traffic in order to maintain the unique characteristics of the different membrane domains in osteoclasts. Rab proteins are small GTPases involved in regulation of most, if not all, steps of vesicle trafficking. The investigators studied RAB genes in human osteoclasts and found that at least 26 RABs were expressed in osteoclasts. Out of these, RAB13 gene expression was highly upregulated during differentiation of human peripheral blood monocytic cells into osteoclasts. To study its possible function in osteoclasts, the investigators performed immunolocalization studies for Rab13 and various known markers of osteoclast vesicular trafficking. Rab13 localized to small vesicular structures at the superior parts of the osteoclast between the trans-Golgi network and basolateral membrane domain. Rab13 localization suggests that it is not involved in endocytosis or transcytosis of bone degradation products. In addition, Rab13 did not associate with early endosomes or recycling endosomes labeled with EEA1 or TRITC-conjugated transferrin, respectively. Its involvement in glucose transporter traffic was excluded as well. It is suggested that Rab13 is associated with a putative secretory function in osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirkka J Hirvonen
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Joensuu K, Paatero I, Alm JJ, Elenius K, Aro HT, Heino TJ, Hentunen TA. Interaction between marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in endothelial cell differentiation. Scand J Surg 2011; 100:216-22. [PMID: 22108752 DOI: 10.1177/145749691110000314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In adult connective tissues, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a key role in normal tissue turnover and repair. MSCs can participate in these processes not only through proliferation and differentiation but also through paracrine/autocrine functions. These characteristics make MSCs the optimal target in the development of cell-based therapies. This study describes a novel interaction between human MSC and blood mononuclear cells (MNCs), resulting in formation of blood vessel-like structures. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human marrow-derived MSCs and peripheral blood MNCs were co-cultured in monolayer cultures as well as in bovine collagen sponge up to 20 days. No exogenously supplied growth factors were applied. Morphological changes and formations of three dimensional structures were detected by light microscopy. The process was further stu-died for the expression of different endothelial cell markers. The expression of PECAM-1 and endoglin was studied by immunohistochemistry and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 and 2 using quantitative real time PCR. RESULTS In co-cultures of human MSCs and MNCs, the previously nonadherent cells attached and started to elongate and formed tube-like structures within one week. At day 10, elongated PECAM-1 and endoglin expressing cells were detected in co-cultures. At day 20, PECAM-1 and endoglin-positive vessel-like structures were observed. VEGFR1 was up-regulated in co-cultures after 10 days, and expression levels increased with time. No PECAM-1, endoglin or VEGFR1 expressing cells were discovered in MSC-cultures without MNCs at any time point. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates induction of endothelial differentiation in co-cultures of human MSCs and MNCs, indicating a mechanism by which local application of MSCs could induce angiogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Joensuu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Costa-Rodrigues J, Fernandes A, Fernandes MH. Spontaneous and induced osteoclastogenic behaviour of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and their CD14(+) and CD14(-) cell fractions. Cell Prolif 2011; 44:410-9. [PMID: 21951284 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2011.00768.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteoclasts are descended from the CD14(+) monocyte/macrophage lineage, but influence of other haematopoietic cells on osteoclastic commitment of their precursors has remained poorly understood. In this study, osteoclastogenic behaviour of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and their CD14(+) and CD14(-) subpopulations has been accessed, in the absence or presence of M-CSF and RANKL. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell cultures were characterized for presence of actin rings and vitronectin and calcitonin receptors, TRAP activity and calcium phosphate resorbing activity, expression of osteoclast-related genes and secretion of M-CSF and RANKL. RESULTS In the absence of growth factors, PBMC and CD14(+) cultures had some degree of cell survival, and some spontaneous osteoclastogenesis was observed, only on cultures of the former. Supplementation with M-CSF and RANKL significantly increased osteoclastogenic behaviour of cell cultures, particularly CD14(+) cell cultures. Nevertheless, PBMC derived a higher degree of osteoclastogenesis, either as absolute values or after normalization by protein content. It was observed that unlike CD14(+) cells, PBMC were able to express M-CSF and RANKL, which increased following growth factor treatment. Also, expression of TNF-α, GM-CSF, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-17 was higher in PBMC cultures. Finally, CD14(-) cultures exhibited limited cell survival and did not reveal any osteoclast features. CONCLUSIONS Results show that although osteoclastic precursors reside in the CD14(+) cell subpopulation, other populations (such as CD14(-) cells) derived from PBMC, have the ability to modulate osteoclastogenesis positively.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Costa-Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Biocompatibilidade Celular, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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IGF2 derived from SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells induces the osteoclastogenesis of human monocytic precursors. Exp Cell Res 2011; 317:2147-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Yin MT, Modarresi R, Shane E, Santiago F, Ferris DC, McMahon DJ, Zhang CA, Cremers S, Laurence J. Effects of HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy with ritonavir on induction of osteoclast-like cells in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 2011; 22:1459-68. [PMID: 20683705 PMCID: PMC3118504 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-010-1363-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY Ritonavir (RTV) is a commonly used antiretroviral associated with bone loss. We show that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive women on RTV are more likely to differentiate into osteoclast-like cells when cultured with their own sera than PBMCs and sera from HIV- women or HIV+ on other antiretrovirals. INTRODUCTION RTV increases differentiation of human adherent PBMCs to functional osteoclasts in vitro, and antiretroviral regimens containing RTV have been associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) and bone loss. METHODS BMD, proresorptive cytokines, bone turnover markers (BTMs), and induction of osteoclast-like cells from adherent PBMCs incubated either with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) or with autologous serum were compared in 51 HIV- and 68 HIV+ postmenopausal women. RESULTS BMD was lower, and serum proresorptive cytokines and BTMs were higher in HIV+ versus HIV- women. Differentiation of osteoclast-like cells from adherent PBMCs exposed to either MCSF/RANKL or autologous serum was greater in HIV+ women. Induction of osteoclast-like cells was greater from PBMCs exposed to autologous sera from HIV+ women on RTV-containing versus other regimens (172 ± 14% versus 110 ± 10%, p < 0.001). Serum-based induction of osteoclast-like cells from adherent PBMCs correlated with certain BTMs but not BMD. CONCLUSIONS HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy are associated with higher BTMs and increased differentiation of osteoclast-like cells from adherent PBMCs, especially in women on regimens containing RTV. HIV+ postmenopausal women receiving RTV may be at greater risk for bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Yin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 w168th street, PH8-876, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Mabilleau G, Petrova N, Edmonds M, Sabokbar A. Number of circulating CD14-positive cells and the serum levels of TNF-α are raised in acute charcot foot. Diabetes Care 2011; 34:e33. [PMID: 21357358 PMCID: PMC3041232 DOI: 10.2337/dc10-1695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Mabilleau
- From the Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.; and the
| | - N. Petrova
- Diabetic Foot Clinic, King's College Hospital, London, U.K
| | - M.E. Edmonds
- Diabetic Foot Clinic, King's College Hospital, London, U.K
| | - A. Sabokbar
- From the Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.; and the
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Mabilleau G, Chappard D, Sabokbar A. Role of the A20-TRAF6 axis in lipopolysaccharide-mediated osteoclastogenesis. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:3242-9. [PMID: 21127049 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.150300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has long been suggested as a potent inducer of bone loss in vivo despite controversial effects on osteoclast precursors. Recently, the role of the deubiquitinating protease A20 in regulating the LPS response in various organs was reported. In the present study, we investigated whether A20 is expressed in osteoclast cultures in response to RANKL or LPS and whether this protein plays a role in osteoclast formation and activation. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured in the presence of M-CSF ± RANKL ± LPS. Although LPS induced the formation of multinucleated TRAP-positive cells expressing OSCAR, cathepsin K, and the calcitonin receptor, these cells were not capable of lacunar resorption. Release of TNF-α was noted in LPS-treated cultures, and the addition of a neutralizing anti-TNF-α antibody abrogated osteoclast formation in these cultures. A20 appeared to be a late-expressed gene in LPS-treated cultures and was associated with TRAF6 degradation and NF-κB inhibition. Silencing of A20 restored TRAF6 expression and NF-κB activation and resulted in increased bone resorption in LPS-treated cultures. A20 appeared important in the control of bone resorption and could represent a therapeutic target to treat patients with bone resorption associated with inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Mabilleau
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, OX3 7LD Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Nyman JKE, Väänänen HK. A rationale for osteoclast selectivity of inhibiting the lysosomal V-ATPase a3 isoform. Calcif Tissue Int 2010; 87:273-83. [PMID: 20596699 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-010-9395-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclastic bone resorption can be completely abolished by inhibiting the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a proton pump composed of at least 12 different subunits. However, V-ATPases are ubiquitous and it is unclear whether the osteoclast V-ATPase has a unique composition that would allow its selective inhibition. Aiming to answer this question, we compared human osteoclasts and monocytic THP.1 cells with respect to the localization of the a3 isoform of the 116-kDa subunit, which is indispensable for bone resorption, and sensitivity to SB242784, a V-ATPase inhibitor that prevents experimentally induced osteoporosis. By immunofluorescence, a3 was essentially nondetectable in THP.1 cells, while in osteoclasts a3 was highly upregulated and localized to lysosomes in nonresorbing osteoclasts. We isolated the lysosomal compartment from both sources as latex bead-containing phagolysosomes and compared them. Osteoclast phagolysosomes and THP.1 phagolysosomes both contained a3 and a1; however, the a3/a1 ratio was 3.8- to 11.2-fold higher in osteoclast phagolysosomes. Importantly, the V-ATPase-dependent acidification of phagolysosomes from both sources was essentially equally sensitive to SB242784. Thus, we observed no indication of a qualitative uniqueness of the osteoclast V-ATPase; rather, the high a3-level in osteoclasts may represent an upregulation of the common lysosomal V-ATPase. Our results, together with the reported phenotype of a3 deficiency and the reported efficacy of SB242784 in vivo, suggest that V-ATPase structure-independent mechanisms render bone resorption more sensitive than lysosomal function to V-ATPase inhibition. One such mechanism may be compensation of a3 by a1, which may be sufficient for retaining lysosomal function but not bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas K E Nyman
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland.
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Riihonen R, Nielsen S, Väänänen HK, Laitala-Leinonen T, Kwon TH. Degradation of hydroxyapatite in vivo and in vitro requires osteoclastic sodium-bicarbonate co-transporter NBCn1. Matrix Biol 2010; 29:287-94. [PMID: 20079835 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2010.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Dissolution of the inorganic bone matrix releases not only calcium and phosphate ions, but also bicarbonate. Electroneutral sodium-bicarbonate co-transporter (NBCn1) is expressed in inactive osteoclasts, but its physiological role in bone resorption has remained unknown. We show here that NBCn1, encoded by the SLC4A7 gene, is directly involved in bone resorption. NBCn1 protein was specifically found at the bone-facing ruffled border areas, and metabolic acidosis increased NBCn1 expression in rats in vivo. In human hematopoietic stem cell cultures, NBCn1 mRNA expression was observed only after formation of resorbing osteoclasts. To further confirm the critical role of NBCn1 during bone resorption, human hematopoietic stem cells were transduced with SLC4A7 shRNA lentiviral particles. Downregulation of NBCn1 both on mRNA and protein level by lentiviral shRNAs significantly inhibited bone resorption and increased intracellular acidification in osteoclasts. The lentiviral particles did not impair osteoclast survival, or differentiation of the hematopoietic or mesenchymal precursor cells into osteoclasts or osteoblasts in vitro. Inhibition of NBCn1 activity may thus provide a new way to regulate osteoclast activity during pathological bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Riihonen
- Bone Biology Research Consortium, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
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Directed differentiation of hematopoietic precursors and functional osteoclasts from human ES and iPS cells. Blood 2010; 115:2769-76. [PMID: 20065292 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-07-234690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells offers the unique opportunity to generate a broad spectrum of human cell types and tissues for transplantation, drug discovery, and studying disease mechanisms. Here, we report the stepwise generation of bone-resorbing osteoclasts from human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. Generation of a primitive streak-like population in embryoid bodies, followed by specification to hematopoiesis and myelopoiesis by vascular endothelial growth factor and hematopoietic cytokines in serum-free media, yielded a precursor population enriched for cells expressing the monocyte-macrophage lineage markers CD14, CD18, CD11b, and CD115. When plated in monolayer culture in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL), these precursors formed large, multinucleated osteoclasts that expressed tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and were capable of resorption. No tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells or resorption pits were observed in the absence of RANKL. Molecular analyses confirmed the expression of the osteoclast marker genes NFATc1, cathepsin K, and calcitonin receptor in a RANKL-dependent manner, and confocal microscopy demonstrated the coexpression of the alphavbeta3 integrin, cathepsin K and F-actin rings characteristic of active osteoclasts. Generating hematopoietic and osteoclast populations from human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells will be invaluable for understanding embryonic bone development and postnatal bone disease.
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Abstract
AbstractOsteoclasts are known to be formed by fusion of circulating mononuclear precursor cells which originate from haematopoietic stem cells. The precise mechanisms regulating the cell-cell fusion of these circulating cells to multinucleated osteoclasts remain unclear. In the present study, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) from healthy donors were treated with the macrophagecolony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB ligand (RANKL) to induce osteoclast differentiation. Osteoclast formation and resorption activity were investigated through the use of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and lacunar resorption on dentine slices respectively. Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect expression of dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP) in these cells. The results showed that under the treatment of M-CSF and RANKL, PBMNCs differentiated into multinucleated osteoclasts through cell-cell fusion of mononucleated cells. These osteoclasts were TRAP positive and capable of resorbing the bone. Expression of DC-STAMP was much higher in the cells treated with both M-CSF and RANKL than those treated with M-CSF alone. We concluded that human PBMNCs might differentiate into active osteoclasts under certain conditions and the DC-STAMP, which is believed critical for osteoclast development, will be a possible therapeutic target for osteoclast related diseases in future.
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Li X, Kim KW, Cho ML, Ju JH, Kang CM, Oh HJ, Min JK, Lee SH, Park SH, Kim HY. IL-23 induces receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand expression in fibroblast-like synoviocytes via STAT3 and NF-kappaB signal pathways. Immunol Lett 2009; 127:100-7. [PMID: 19900478 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2009.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Revised: 10/17/2009] [Accepted: 10/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-23 stimulates T lymphocytes to produce inflammatory molecules, which can cause inflammatory arthritis. This study was undertaken to explore the role of IL-23 in stimulating the expression of the receptor activator of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) ligand (RANKL) and osteoclastogenic activity in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). These cells were separated from the synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA-FLS) and osteoarthritis (OA-FLS) and stimulated with IL-23. RANKL expression was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and immunostaining. Osteoclast precursor cells were cocultured with IL-23-stimulated RA-FLS and OA-FLS and subsequently stained for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity. IL-23 upregulated RANKL expression in RA-FLS. The expression of RANKL mRNA and protein was blocked completely by inhibitors of NF-kappaB (parthenolide) or of the JAK II-STAT3 pathway (AG490), showing that the RANKL expression pathway is mediated by NF-kappaB and STAT3. TRAP-positive osteoclastogenesis was enhanced in IL-23-stimulated FLS. RA-FLS were more responsive to IL-23 in terms of their RANKL expression than OA-FLS or normal FLS. Thus, IL-23 appears to induce joint inflammation and bone destruction by stimulating RANKL expression in RA-FLS. These interactions between IL-23 and FLS indicate possible new therapeutic approaches for treating bone destruction in patients with inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Dalian University, Medical School Dalian, China.
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Capuccini C, Torricelli P, Boanini E, Gazzano M, Giardino R, Bigi A. Interaction of Sr-doped hydroxyapatite nanocrystals with osteoclast and osteoblast-like cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 89:594-600. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Wilson TJ, Nannuru KC, Singh RK. Cathepsin G Recruits Osteoclast Precursors via Proteolytic Activation of Protease-Activated Receptor-1. Cancer Res 2009; 69:3188-95. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-1956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mabilleau G, Sabokbar A. Interleukin-32 promotes osteoclast differentiation but not osteoclast activation. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4173. [PMID: 19137064 PMCID: PMC2613539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is a newly described cytokine produced after stimulation by IL-2 or IL-18 and IFN-γ. IL-32 has the typical properties of a pro-inflammatory mediator and although its role in rheumatoid arthritis has been recently reported its effect on the osteoclastogenesis process remains unclear. Methodology/Principal Findings In the present study, we have shown that IL-32 was a potent modulator of osteoclastogenesis in vitro, whereby it promoted the differentiation of osteoclast precursors into TRAcP+ VNR+ multinucleated cells expressing specific osteoclast markers (up-regulation of NFATc1, OSCAR, Cathepsin K), but it was incapable of inducing the maturation of these multinucleated cells into bone-resorbing cells. The lack of bone resorption in IL-32-treated cultures could in part be explain by the lack of F-actin ring formation by the multinucleated cells generated. Moreover, when IL-32 was added to PBMC cultures maintained with soluble RANKL, although the number of newly generated osteoclast was increased, a significant decrease of the percentage of lacunar resorption was evident suggesting a possible inhibitory effect of this cytokine on osteoclast activation. To determine the mechanism by which IL-32 induces such response, we sought to determine the intracellular pathways activated and the release of soluble mediators in response to IL-32. Our results indicated that compared to RANKL, IL-32 induced a massive activation of ERK1/2 and Akt. Moreover, IL-32 was also capable of stimulating the release of IL-4 and IFN-γ, two known inhibitors of osteoclast formation and activation. Conclusions/Significance This is the first in vitro report on the complex role of IL-32 on osteoclast precursors. Further clarification on the exact role of IL-32 in vivo is required prior to the development of any potential therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Mabilleau
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Vincent C, Kogawa M, Findlay DM, Atkins GJ. The generation of osteoclasts from RAW 264.7 precursors in defined, serum-free conditions. J Bone Miner Metab 2009; 27:114-9. [PMID: 19057837 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-008-0018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are the unique cell type capable of resorbing bone. The discovery of the TNF-ligand family member, RANKL, has allowed more reliable study of these important cells. The mouse monocytic cell line, RAW 264.7, has been shown to readily differentiate into osteoclasts upon exposure to recombinant RANKL. Unlike primary osteoclast precursors, there is no requirement for the addition of macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF). However, to date, their differentiation has always been studied in the context of added foetal calf serum (FCS). FCS is a complex and largely undefined mixture of growth factors and matrix proteins, and varies between batches. For this reason, osteoclastogenesis would ideally be studied in the context of a defined, serum-free medium. RAW 264.7 cells were cultured in serum-replete alpha-MEM or serum-deprived medium (SDM) shown previously to support the growth of human osteoclasts in a co-culture with normal osteoblasts. In SDM, in the presence of recombinant RANKL, RAW 264.7 cells readily differentiated into tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive multinucleated osteoclast-like cells, a process that was enhanced with the addition of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25D). While the osteoclasts grown in SDM were smaller in size compared with those derived in serum-replete media, their resorptive capacity was significantly increased as indicated by a twofold increase in average resorption pit size. In conclusion, we describe a defined model for studying osteoclast differentiation and activity in the absence of serum, which will be ideal for studying the role of agonistic and antagonistic molecules in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Vincent
- Bone Cell Biology Group, Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide and the Hanson Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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Salerno M, Avnet S, Alberghini M, Giunti A, Baldini N. Histogenetic characterization of giant cell tumor of bone. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2008; 466:2081-91. [PMID: 18543051 PMCID: PMC2492994 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-008-0327-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2007] [Accepted: 05/16/2008] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The unpredictable behavior of giant cell tumor (GCT) parallels its controversial histogenesis. Multinucleated giant cells, stromal cells, and CD68(+) monocytes/macrophages are the three elements that interact in GCT. We compared the ability of stromal cells and normal mesenchymal stromal cells to differentiate into osteoblasts. Stromal cells and mesenchymal cells had similar proliferation rates and lifespans. Although stromal cells expressed early osteogenic markers, they were unable to differentiate into osteoblasts but they did express intracellular adhesion molecule-1, a marker of bone-lining cells. They were unable to form clones in a semisolid medium and unable to promote osteoclast differentiation, although they exerted a strong chemotactic effect on osteoclast precursors. Stromal cells may be either immature proliferating osteogenic elements or specialized osteoblast-like cells that fail to show neoplastic features but can induce the differentiation of osteoclast precursors. They might be secondarily induced to proliferate by a paracrine effect induced by monocyte-macrophages and/or giant cells. The increased number of giant cells in GCT may be secondary to an autocrine circuit mediated by the receptor activator of nuclear factor kB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Salerno
- Laboratory for Pathophysiology, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sofia Avnet
- Laboratory for Pathophysiology, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Alberghini
- Service of Pathology, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Armando Giunti
- Laboratory for Pathophysiology, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Bologna Medical School, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Laboratory for Pathophysiology, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Bologna Medical School, Bologna, Italy
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Mörmann M, Thederan M, Nackchbandi I, Giese T, Wagner C, Hänsch GM. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induce the differentiation of human monocytes to osteoclasts in a tumour necrosis factor (TNF) α-dependent manner: A link between infection and pathological bone resorption. Mol Immunol 2008; 45:3330-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2008.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2008] [Revised: 04/23/2008] [Accepted: 04/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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D'Amelio P, Grimaldi A, Di Bella S, Brianza SZM, Cristofaro MA, Tamone C, Giribaldi G, Ulliers D, Pescarmona GP, Isaia G. Estrogen deficiency increases osteoclastogenesis up-regulating T cells activity: a key mechanism in osteoporosis. Bone 2008; 43:92-100. [PMID: 18407820 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2008.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Revised: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 02/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Compelling evidences suggest that increased production of osteoclastogenic cytokines by activated T cells plays a relevant role in the bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency in the mouse. However, little information is available on the role of T cells in post-menopausal bone loss in humans. To investigate this issue we have assessed the production of cytokines involved in osteoclastogenesis (RANKL, TNFalpha and OPG), in vitro osteoclast (OC) formation in pre and post-menopausal women, the latter with or without osteoporosis. We evaluated also OC precursors in peripheral blood and the ability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to produce TNFalpha in both basal and stimulated condition by flow cytometry in these subjects. Our data demonstrate that estrogen deficiency enhances the production of the pro-osteoclastogenetic cytokines TNFalpha and RANKL and increases the number of circulating OC precursors. Furthermore, we show that T cells and monocytes from women with osteoporosis exhibit a higher production of TNFalpha than those from the other two groups. Our findings suggest that estrogen deficiency stimulates OC formation both by increasing the production of TNFalpha and RANKL and increasing the number of OC precursors. Women with post-menopausal osteoporosis have a higher T cell activity than healthy post-menopausal subjects; T cells thus contribute to the bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency in humans as they do in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Cristina Tamone
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Giuliana Giribaldi
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), Ospedale San Giovanni Battista, Torino, Italy; Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Daniela Ulliers
- Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Gian P Pescarmona
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), Ospedale San Giovanni Battista, Torino, Italy; Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Isaia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Torino, Italy
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Väänänen HK, Laitala-Leinonen T. Osteoclast lineage and function. Arch Biochem Biophys 2008; 473:132-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2008.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2008] [Revised: 03/27/2008] [Accepted: 03/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Nicolin V, Bareggi R, Baldini G, Bortul R, Martinelli B, Narducci P. Effects of neridronic acid on osteoclasts derived by physiological dual-cell cultures. Acta Histochem 2007; 109:397-402. [PMID: 17574655 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2007.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2007] [Revised: 03/28/2007] [Accepted: 04/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Increased osteoclastic activity is observed in many osteopathic disorders - including postmenopausal osteoporosis, Paget's disease, primary bone tumours, lytic bone metastases, multiple myeloma and rheumatoid arthritis - that involve increased bone resorption and a loss of bone mass. Bisphosphonates are highly effective inhibitors of bone resorption that selectively affect the osteoclasts. The aim of this study was to obtain more information about the mechanism of action of bisphosphonates such as neridronic acid using a dual-cell culture model. As a model of osteoclastogenesis we used a murine monocyte/macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 type CRL 2278 co-cultured with murine osteoblasts. The monocyte-osteoblast system allows physiological experimentation of bone anti-resorption drugs, simulating bone turnover in pathologies such as osteoporosis. The direct actions of neridronic acid on cell proliferation and functionality in the co-culture model were examined using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) assay, immunohistochemical localization of actin, and transmission and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that the percentage of TRAP-positive cells, an early marker of osteoclastic differentiation, was significantly higher in control cultures than in co-cultures treated with variable concentrations of neridronic acid. Neridronic acid induced dramatic morphological changes, characterized by the loss of the ruffled border. The actin ring associated with the plasma membrane of the cells treated with neridronic acid was shown to break down. The tissue-specific targeting of neridronic acid to bone mineral suggests that it may inhibit bone resorption by direct effects on osteoclasts or other bone cells in the immediate microenvironment of the osteoclasts. From our study, we conclude that structural alterations induced by neridronic acid in our co-culture system lead to decreased osteoclast function. This may encourage the use of neridronic acid to reduce bone resorption in the therapy of demineralizing metabolic bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Nicolin
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Trieste, Via Manzoni 16, 34138 Trieste, Italy.
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Muhonen P, Avnet S, Parthasarathy RN, Janckila AJ, Halleen JM, Laitala-Leinonen T, Väänänen HK. Sequence and TLR9 independent increase of TRACP expression by antisense DNA and siRNA molecules. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 359:889-95. [PMID: 17570345 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.05.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2007] [Accepted: 05/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Reactive oxygen species generating activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) has been suggested to have several functions in TRACP expressing bone resorbing osteoclasts, macrophages, and dendritic cells. This work aimed to study the TRACP knock down phenotype in osteoclasts by using antisense DNA and RNA interference methods. Unexpectedly, both TRACP specific DNA oligonucleotides and siRNA molecules extensively increased the TRACP expression in human osteoclasts and monocytes. Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is an immunity sensor for CpG motifs in DNA. We cultured bone marrow-derived osteoclast precursor cells from wild-type and TLR9-/- mice with CpG and non-CpG DNA oligonucleotides, and observed that the increased TRACP expression was sequence and TLR9 independent. In contrast, cells with increased TRACP activity showed decreased activity of tartrate-sensitive acid phosphatases. CONCLUSION DNA oligonucleotides and RNA molecules extensively increase TRACP expression in monocyte-macrophage lineage. These results suggest a potential role of TRACP in pathogen recognition and in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirkko Muhonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Anatomy, University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
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Fuller K, Kirstein B, Chambers TJ. Regulation and enzymatic basis of bone resorption by human osteoclasts. Clin Sci (Lond) 2007; 112:567-75. [PMID: 17241109 DOI: 10.1042/cs20060274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Although much has been learned recently of the mechanisms that regulate osteoclastic differentiation, much less is known of the means through which their resorptive activity is controlled. This is especially so for human osteoclasts. We have recently developed an assay that allows us to measure resorptive activity while minimizing confounding effects on differentiation by optimizing osteoclastogenesis, so that measurable resorption occurs over a short period, and by relating resorption in each culture during the test period to the resorption that had occurred in the same culture in a prior control period. In the present study, we found that RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand) strongly stimulated the release of CTX-I (C-terminal telopeptide degradation product of type I collagen) by osteoclasts over a similar range to that over which it induces osteoclastic differentiation, consistent with a distinct action on osteoclastic function. CT (calcitonin) dose-dependently inhibited bone resorption, whereas PTH (parathyroid hormone), IL (interleukin)-1, TNF-alpha (tumour necrosis factor-alpha), IL-6, IL-8, VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), MIP-1gamma (macrophage inflammatory protein-1gamma), IFN (interferon)-gamma and dibutyryl cGMP had no significant effect. Ca(2+), cyclosporin A, IFN-beta and dibutyryl cAMP all strongly suppressed resorption. Bone resorption was also strongly suppressed by alendronate, the cysteine protease inhibitor E64 and the cathepsin K inhibitor MV061194. Inhibitors of MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases) had no effect on CTX-I release. Moreover, the release of the MMP-derived collagen fragment ICTP (C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen) represented less that 0.01% of the quantity of CTX-I released in our cultures. This suggests that MMPs make, at most, a very small contribution to the bone-resorptive activity of osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Fuller
- Department of Cellular Pathology, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, Tooting, London, UK
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