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Mehennaoui K, Felten V, Caillet C, Giamberini L. Acute and chronic toxicity of rare earth elements-enriched sediments from a prospective mining area: Effects on life history traits, behavioural and physiological responses of Gammarus fossarum (Crustacea Amphipoda). CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:143117. [PMID: 39168391 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REE) have an essential role and growing importance in the world's economy. They are attracting interest from society, policymakers, and scientists. The rapidly growing global demand for REE in several strategic industrial and agricultural sectors led many countries to consider the (re)-opening of mining activities for REE extraction. Hence, their increasing use led to the disruption of their biogeochemical cycles with anthropic abnormalities already observed in aquatic ecosystems. Nonetheless, REE remain less studied, and their mechanisms of toxicity actions are not fully understood. As amphipods, Gammarus fossarum represent an important part of the aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblage and are generally used in ecotoxicological studies for their high ecological relevance. However, their use for the study of REE effects has been rather limited so far. The current study aims to assess the potential effects of two naturally REE-enriched sediments (N2 and B4) on G. fossarum. Effects on life history traits, behavioural and physiological responses have been evaluated. Exposing G. fossarum males for 72h to sediments N2 and B4 led to a decrease in haemolymph osmolality and locomotion while an increase in ventilatory activity was observed. Exposing G. fossarum pre-copula pairs with females at the same reproductive stage to the naturally REE-enriched sediments, for one moult cycle duration (∼30 days) showed that sediment B4 led to i) a significant uptake of REE, ii) a significant decrease in the proportion of females with oocytes and iii) a significant reduction in the total number of juveniles. The physicochemical analyses of sediments showed that B4 contains the highest amount of REE with a higher proportion of light REE. The present study gives the first insights into the potential toxicity of REE on G. fossarum as they may have deleterious effects on G. fossarum population's dynamics, which may alter the functioning of aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahina Mehennaoui
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), CNRS UMR, 7360, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France
| | - Vincent Felten
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), CNRS UMR, 7360, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France
| | - Celine Caillet
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), CNRS UMR, 7360, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France
| | - Laure Giamberini
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), CNRS UMR, 7360, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France.
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Mehennaoui K, Cambier S, Minguez L, Serchi T, Guérold F, Gutleb AC, Giamberini L. Sub-chronic effects of AgNPs and AuNPs on Gammarus fossarum (Crustacea Amphipoda): From molecular to behavioural responses. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 210:111775. [PMID: 33421722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was the assessment of the sub-chronic effects of silver (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) of 40 nm primary size either stabilised with citrate (CIT) or coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the freshwater invertebrate Gammarus fossarum. Silver nitrate (AgNO3) was used as a positive control in order to study the contribution of silver ions potentially released from AgNPs on the observed effects. A multibiomarker approach was used to assess the long-term effects of AgNPs and AuNPs 40 nm on molecular, cellular, physiological and behavioural responses of G. fossarum. Specimen of G. fossarum were exposed for 15 days to 0.5 and 5 µgL-1 of CIT and PEG AgNPs and AuNPs 40 nm in the presence of food. A significant uptake of both Ag and Au was observed in exposed animals but was under the toxic threshold leading to mortality of G. fossarum. Silver nanoparticles (CIT-AgNPs and PEG-AgNPs 40 nm) led to an up-regulation of Na+K+ATPase gene expression. An up-regulation of Catalse and Chitinase gene expressions due to exposure to PEG-AgNPs 40 nm was also observed. Gold nanoparticles (CIT and PEG-AuNPs 40 nm) led to an increase of CuZnSOD gene expression. Furthermore, both AgNPs and AuNPs led to a more developed digestive lysosomal system indicating a general stress response in G. fossarum. Both AgNPs and AuNPs 40 nm significantly affected locomotor activity of G. fossarum while no effects were observed on haemolymphatic ions and ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahina Mehennaoui
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, Belvaux, Luxembourg; Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7360, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, F-57000, Metz, France
| | - Sébastien Cambier
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Laëtitia Minguez
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7360, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, F-57000, Metz, France
| | - Tommaso Serchi
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - François Guérold
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7360, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, F-57000, Metz, France
| | - Arno C Gutleb
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Laure Giamberini
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7360, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, F-57000, Metz, France.
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Love AC, Crooks N, Ford AT. The effects of wastewater effluent on multiple behaviours in the amphipod, Gammarus pulex. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115386. [PMID: 33254653 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in lotic habitats is increasing, with the main source of these contaminants being effluent from waste water treatment works (WwTW). There is still much uncertainty about the impacts of these PPCPs at environmentally relevant concentrations and their potential effects on aquatic ecology. Behaviour is a sensitive endpoint which can help evaluate possible population level effects from changes in physiology. This paper evaluates the effects of WwTW effluent on a range of behaviours in the freshwater invertebrate, Gammarus pulex. Effluent taken from the outflow of two WwTW in southern England was used in the study. Behavioural analyses, namely feeding rate, phototaxis, activity, velocity and precopula pairing, were measured in G. pulex following a period of one and three weeks after exposure to a 50% or 100% effluent and a control. Mortality remained very low throughout the 3 week experiment (0-10%, n = 20) and no significant changes in moulting frequency were observed (p > 0.05). No significant effects on feeding or velocity or phototaxis following 3 weeks of effluent exposures were observed (p > 0.05). However, significant reductions were observed in the overall activity over 3 weeks across which appeared to be exacerbated by exposure to effluents. Interestingly, males exposed for 3 weeks to WwTW effluent re-paired with unexposed females significantly faster (4-6x) than control animals. This result was consistent between the effluents taken from the two WwTW. The implications of these behavioural changes are currently unknown but highlight the need for a varied set of tools to study the behavioural changes in wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian C Love
- Fisheries Department, Sparsholt College, Westley Lane, Hampshire, SO21 2NF, UK; Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Portsmouth, PO4 9LY, UK
| | - Neil Crooks
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4HP, UK
| | - Alex T Ford
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Portsmouth, PO4 9LY, UK.
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Schneider I, Abbas A, Bollmann A, Dombrowski A, Knopp G, Schulte-Oehlmann U, Seitz W, Wagner M, Oehlmann J. Post-treatment of ozonated wastewater with activated carbon and biofiltration compared to membrane bioreactors: Toxicity removal in vitro and in Potamopyrgus antipodarum. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 185:116104. [PMID: 33086463 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants are major point sources of (micro)pollutant emissions and advanced wastewater treatment technologies can improve their removal capacity. While abundant data on individual advanced treatment technologies is available, there is limited knowledge regarding the removal performance of ozonation combined with multiple post-treatments and stand-alone membrane bioreactors. This is especially true for the removal of in vitro and in vivo toxicity. Therefore, we investigated the removal of 40 micropollutants and toxicity by a pilot-scale ozonation with four post-treatments: non-aerated and aerated granular activated carbon and biological filtration. In addition, two stand-alone membrane bioreactors fed with untreated wastewater and one MBR operating with ozonated partial flow recirculation were analysed. Aqueous and extracted samples were analysed in vitro for (anti)estrogenic, (anti)androgenic and mutagenic effects. To assess in vivo effects, the mudsnail Potamopyrgus antipodarum was exposed in an on-site flow-through system. Multiple in vitro effects were detected in conventionally treated wastewater including estrogenic and anti-androgenic activity. Ozonation largely removed these effects, while anti-estrogenic and mutagenic effects increased suggesting the formation of toxic transformation products. These effects were significantly reduced by granular activated carbon being more effective than biological filtration. The membrane bioreactor performed similarly to the conventional treatment while the membrane bioreactor with ozonation had a comparable removal performance like ozonation. Conventionally treated wastewater increased the growth of P. antipodarum. Ozonation reduced the reproduction indicating a potential formation of toxic transformation products. In the post-treatments, these effects were compensated or remained unaffected. The effluents of the membrane bioreactors induced reproductive toxicity. Our results show that ozonation is effective in further reducing toxicity and micropollutant concentrations. However, the formation of toxicity requires a post-treatment. Here, ozonation coupled to granular activated carbon filtration seemed the most promising treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Schneider
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von Laue-Straße 13, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Aennes Abbas
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von Laue-Straße 13, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anna Bollmann
- Zweckverband Landeswasserversorgung, Am Spitzigen Berg 1, D-89129, Langenau, Germany
| | - Andrea Dombrowski
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von Laue-Straße 13, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gregor Knopp
- Department of Wastewater Technology and Water Reuse, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Franziska-Braun-Str. 7, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schulte-Oehlmann
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von Laue-Straße 13, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Wolfram Seitz
- Zweckverband Landeswasserversorgung, Am Spitzigen Berg 1, D-89129, Langenau, Germany
| | - Martin Wagner
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von Laue-Straße 13, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jörg Oehlmann
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von Laue-Straße 13, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Tian Y, Xia X, Wang J, Zhu L, Wang J, Zhang F, Ahmad Z. Chronic Toxicological Effects of Carbamazepine on Daphnia magna Straus: Effects on Reproduction Traits, Body Length, and Intrinsic Growth. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 103:723-728. [PMID: 31520142 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02715-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) that remain in the environment have become increasingly important. Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a widely used antiepileptic drug that has a potential impact on the environment due to its Physico-chemical properties, which are rarely eliminated in conventional water treatment. Daphnia magna Straus (DMS) is a fundamental link of aquatic ecosystem chain. The influence of CBZ toxicity on DMS can effectively reflect the effects of CBZ toxicity on the aquatic environment. In this study, DMS was used as a subject to assess the chronic effects of CBZ exposure. It was found that after 21 days of CBZ exposure, the breeding frequency, the total number of eggs laid, body length, and intrinsic growth rate of DMS decreased with increasing CBZ concentrations. Maximum reductions of 69% in fecundity and 60% in fertility were observed at 0.5 mg/L CBZ, while a maximum reduction of 60% in body length was observed at 0.001 mg/L CBZ concentration. The integrated biomarker response version 2 (IBRv2) analysis suggests that with the increase in CBZ concentration, the overall negative effect of CBZ on DMS was enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Xiaoming Xia
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, China.
| | - Lusheng Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Fengzhao Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Zulfiqar Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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6
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Mehennaoui K, Cambier S, Serchi T, Ziebel J, Lentzen E, Valle N, Guérold F, Thomann JS, Giamberini L, Gutleb AC. Do the pristine physico-chemical properties of silver and gold nanoparticles influence uptake and molecular effects on Gammarus fossarum (Crustacea Amphipoda)? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 643:1200-1215. [PMID: 30189536 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The specific and unique properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), make them of high interest for different scientific and industrial applications. Their increasing use will inevitably lead to their release in the environment and aquatic ecosystems where they may represent a threat to aquatic organisms. Being a widespread and important component of the aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblage, amphipods and more specifically Gammarus fossarum will certainly be exposed to AgNPs and AuNPs. For these reasons, G. fossarum was selected as model organism for this study. The aim of the present work was the evaluation of the influence of both size (20, 40 and 80 nm) and surface coating (citrate CIT, polyethylene glycol PEG) on the acute toxicity of AgNPs and AuNPs on G. fossarum. We investigated the effects of AgNPs and AuNPs on the uptake by G. fossarum, NP tissue distribution and the expression of stress related genes by the use of ICP-MS, NanoSIMS50, Cytoviva®, and Rt-qPCR, respectively. Ag and Au bioaccumulation revealed a significant surface-coating dependence, with CIT-AgNPs and CIT-AuNPs showing the higher bio-accumulation potential in G. fossarum as compared to PEG-NPs. Opposite to that, no size-dependent effects on the bioaccumulation potential was observed. SIMS imaging and CytoViva® revealed an influence of the type of metal on the tissue distribution after uptake, with AgNPs detected in the cuticle and the gills of G. fossarum, while AuNPs were detected in the gut area. Furthermore, AgNPs were found to up-regulate CuZnSOD gene expression while AuNPs led to its down-regulation. Modulation of SOD may indicate generation of reactive species of oxygen and a possible activation of antioxidant defence in order to prevent and defend the organism from oxidative stress. However, further investigations are still needed to better define the mechanisms underlying the observed AgNPs and AuNPs effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahina Mehennaoui
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, Belvaux, Luxembourg; Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), CNRS UMR 7360, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France
| | - Sébastien Cambier
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Tommaso Serchi
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Johanna Ziebel
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Esther Lentzen
- Material Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Nathalie Valle
- Material Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - François Guérold
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), CNRS UMR 7360, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Thomann
- Material Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Laure Giamberini
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), CNRS UMR 7360, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France.
| | - Arno C Gutleb
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
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Identification of reference genes for RT-qPCR data normalization in Gammarus fossarum (Crustacea Amphipoda). Sci Rep 2018; 8:15225. [PMID: 30323236 PMCID: PMC6189083 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33561-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression profiling via RT-qPCR is a robust technique increasingly used in ecotoxicology. Determination and validation of optimal reference genes is a requirement for initiating RT-qPCR experiments. To our best knowledge, this study is the first attempt of identifying a set of reference genes for the freshwater crustacean Gammarus fossarum. Six candidate genes (Actin, TUB, UB, SDH, Clathrin and GAPDH) were tested in order to determine the most stable ones in different stress conditions and to increase the robustness of RT-qPCR data. SDH and Clathrin appeared as the most stable ones. A validation was performed using G. fossarum samples exposed for 15 days to AgNO3, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) 40 nm and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) 40 nm. Effects on HSP90 were evaluated and data normalized using Clathrin and SDH. A down-regulation of HSP90 was observed when G. fossarum were exposed to AuNPs 40 nm whereas no effects were observed when G. fossarum were exposed to AgNPs 40 nm. This study highlights the importance of the preliminary determination of suitable reference genes for RT-qPCR experiments. Additionally, this study allowed, for the first time, the determination of a set of valuable genes that can be used in other RT-qPCR studies using G. fossarum as model organism.
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Harth FUR, Arras C, Brettschneider DJ, Misovic A, Oehlmann J, Schulte-Oehlmann U, Oetken M. Small but with big impact? Ecotoxicological effects of a municipal wastewater effluent on a small creek. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2018; 53:1149-1160. [PMID: 30623699 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2018.1530328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) discharge micropollutants like pharmaceuticals, pesticides, personal care products or endocrine disrupting chemicals but also nutrients. Both can adversely influence the freshwater ecosystem and may finally affect the ecological conditions. Many studies focus on the potential impact of large WWTPs even if smaller ones are more common, often less efficient and discharge into small creeks or the upper reaches of rivers. As a result, the receiving waters are characterized by relatively high shares of treated wastewater. Thus, the primary objective of this study was to investigate the ecotoxicological effects of a small WWTP on freshwater amphipods and mollusks in a small creek using an active and passive monitoring approach, accompanied by laboratory experiments (LE). In vitro assays with recombinant yeasts and the microtox assay with Aliivibrio fischeri were performed in parallel to determine the endocrine potential and the baseline toxicity. The evaluation of the effects of the analysed WWTP was possible due to its shutdown during our study and the application of the same in vivo and in vitro assays before and after the shutdown. During the operation of the WWTP the discharge of treated wastewater caused significantly higher mortalities and lower reproduction of the anaylsed invertebrates in the active and passive montoring as well as in the LEs. Furthermore, the amphipod species assemblage in the creek was affected downstream of the WWTP effluent. Besides, the endocrine activity and baseline toxicity were significantly higher downstream of the effluent. After the shutdown of the WWTP, the in vitro activity levels and adverse in vivo effects in the receiving water recovered quickly with no significant differences downstream of the former WWTP effluent compared to the upstream station. Furthermore, the previously disturbed amphipod species assemblage recovered significantly with a shift in favor of Gammarus fossarum downstream of the effluent. These biological results are consistent with a marked decline by 81.5% for the detected micropollutants in the receiving creek after the shutdown which points to a prominent role of micropollutants for the observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix U R Harth
- a Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology , Goethe University Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Carolin Arras
- a Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology , Goethe University Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | | | - Andrea Misovic
- a Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology , Goethe University Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Jörg Oehlmann
- a Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology , Goethe University Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | | | - Matthias Oetken
- a Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology , Goethe University Frankfurt am Main , Germany
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Weiss M, Leese F. Widely distributed and regionally isolated! Drivers of genetic structure in Gammarus fossarum in a human-impacted landscape. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:153. [PMID: 27473498 PMCID: PMC4966747 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0723-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The actual connectivity between populations of freshwater organisms is largely determined by species biology, but is also influenced by many area- and site-specific factors, such as water pollution and habitat fragmentation. Therefore, the prediction of effective gene flow, even for well-studied organisms, is difficult. The amphipod crustacean Gammarus fossarum is a key invertebrate in freshwater ecosystems and contains many cryptic species. One of these species is the broadly distributed G. fossarum clade 11 (type B). In this study, we tested for factors driving the genetic structure of G. fossarum clade 11 in a human-impacted landscape at local and regional scales. To determine population structure, we analyzed the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 (CO1) gene of 2,086 specimens from 54 sampling sites and microsatellite loci of 420 of these specimens from ten sites. Results We detected strong overall genetic differentiation between populations at regional and local scales with both independent marker systems, often even within few kilometers. Interestingly, we observed only a weak correlation of genetic distances with geographic distances or catchment boundaries. Testing for factors explaining the observed population structure revealed, that it was mostly the colonization history, which has influenced the structure rather than any of the chosen environmental factors. Whereas the number of in-stream barriers did not explain population differentiation, the few large water reservoirs in the catchment likely act as dispersal barriers. Conclusions We showed that populations of Gammarus fossarum clade 11 are strongly isolated even at local scales in the human-impacted region. The observed genetic structure was best explained by the effects of random genetic drift acting independently on isolated populations after historical colonization events. Genetic drift in isolated populations was probably further enhanced by anthropogenic impacts, as G. fossarum is sensitive to many anthropogenic stressors. These findings highlight the importance of small-scale genetic studies to determine barriers restricting gene flow to prevent further loss of genetic diversity and maintain intact freshwater ecosystems. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0723-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Weiss
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5, Essen, D-45141, Germany.
| | - Florian Leese
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5, Essen, D-45141, Germany.,Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 2, Essen, D-45141, Germany
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Stamm C, Räsänen K, Burdon F, Altermatt F, Jokela J, Joss A, Ackermann M, Eggen R. Unravelling the Impacts of Micropollutants in Aquatic Ecosystems. ADV ECOL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Chiffre A, Degiorgi F, Morin-Crini N, Bolard A, Chanez E, Badot PM. PAH occurrence in chalk river systems from the Jura region (France). Pertinence of suspended particulate matter and sediment as matrices for river quality monitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:17486-17498. [PMID: 26139398 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4897-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the variations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels in surface water, suspended particulate matter (SPM) and sediment upstream and downstream of the discharges of two wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents. Relationships between the levels of PAHs in these different matrices were also investigated. The sum of 16 US EPA PAHs ranged from 73.5 to 728.0 ng L(-1) in surface water and from 85.4 to 313.1 ng L(-1) in effluent. In SPM and sediment, ∑16PAHs ranged from 749.6 to 2,463 μg kg(-1) and from 690.7 μg kg(-1) to 3,625.6 μg kg(-1), respectively. Investigations performed upstream and downstream of both studied WWTPs showed that WWTP discharges may contribute to the overall PAH contaminations in the Loue and the Doubs rivers. Comparison between gammarid populations upstream and downstream of WWTP discharge showed that biota was impacted by the WWTP effluents. When based only on surface water samples, the assessment of freshwater quality did not provide evidence for a marked PAH contamination in either of the rivers studied. However, using SPM and sediment samples, we found PAH contents exceeding sediment quality guidelines. We conclude that sediment and SPM are relevant matrices to assess overall PAH contamination in aquatic ecosystems. Furthermore, we found a positive linear correlation between PAH contents of SPM and sediment, showing that SPM represents an integrating matrix which is able to provide meaningful data about the overall contamination over a given time span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axelle Chiffre
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Chrono-environnement, UMR 6249 UFC/CNRS usc INRA, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon cedex, France
| | - François Degiorgi
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Chrono-environnement, UMR 6249 UFC/CNRS usc INRA, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon cedex, France
| | - Nadia Morin-Crini
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Chrono-environnement, UMR 6249 UFC/CNRS usc INRA, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon cedex, France
| | - Audrey Bolard
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Chrono-environnement, UMR 6249 UFC/CNRS usc INRA, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon cedex, France
| | - Etienne Chanez
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Chrono-environnement, UMR 6249 UFC/CNRS usc INRA, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon cedex, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Badot
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Chrono-environnement, UMR 6249 UFC/CNRS usc INRA, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon cedex, France.
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Schmidlin L, von Fumetti S, Nagel P. Copper sulphate reduces the metabolic activity of Gammarus fossarum in laboratory and field experiments. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 161:138-145. [PMID: 25704832 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The specialised fauna of freshwater springs is affected by contamination of the water with xenobiotics from human activities in the surrounding landscape. We assessed the effects of exposure to toxins in laboratory and field experiments by using copper sulphate as a model substance and Gammarus fossarum Koch, 1836, as the model organism. This amphipod is a common representative of the European spring fauna and copper is a widespread contaminant, mainly from agricultural practice. The experiments were conducted in test chambers placed in flow channels and directly in a spring. The gammarids were fed with conditioned beech leaf discs, which had been exposed to a 0.8 mg Cu/L solution for 96 h. The feeding activity of the amphipods was quantified on the level of the organism; and the respiratory electron transport system (ETS) assay was conducted in order to determine changes on the cellular level in the test organisms. The results show that the feeding activity, when the leaf discs were contaminated with copper, was not significantly different from the control. The ETS activity of the gammarids, which had been feeding on the copper contaminated leaf discs was however significantly reduced. The results followed the same pattern for gammarids from both the laboratory and the spring. By conducting the experiments not only in a laboratory but also directly in a spring in the field, we took a crucial step towards a more realistic approach when examining environmental pollutants on an organism. Our findings demonstrate the importance of conducting experiments out in the field, in natural conditions, as well as in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Schmidlin
- University of Basel, Biogeography Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Switzerland.
| | - Stefanie von Fumetti
- University of Basel, Biogeography Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Switzerland
| | - Peter Nagel
- University of Basel, Biogeography Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Switzerland
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13
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Schmidlin L, von Fumetti S, Nagel P. Effects of increased temperatures on Gammarus fossarum under the influence of copper sulphate. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2015; 24:433-444. [PMID: 25424351 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-014-1392-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The specialised fauna of freshwater springs will have to cope with a possible temperature rise owing to Global Change. It is affected additionally by contamination of the water with xenobiotics from human activities in the surrounding landscape. We assessed the combined effects of temperature increase and exposure to toxins in laboratory experiments by using copper sulphate as a model substance and Gammarus fossarum Koch, 1835, as the model organism. This amphipod is a common representative of the European spring fauna and copper ions are widespread contaminants, mainly from agricultural practice. The experiments were conducted in boxes placed in flow channels and the water temperatures were varied. The gammarids were fed with conditioned beech leaf discs. The feeding activity of the amphipods was quantified on the level of the organism; and the respiratory electron transport system (ETS) assay was conducted in order to determine changes on the cellular level in the test organisms. The results show that the feeding activity increased slightly with higher water temperature. The sub-lethal copper dose had no significant effect other than a trend towards lower feeding activity. The ETS activity was significantly higher at the higher water temperatures, and the copper ions significantly lowered the ETS activity of the organisms. The combination of the two methods was useful when testing for combined effects of environmental changes and pollutants on a species. From the results one can reasonably infer a higher risk of adverse effects with increase in water temperature and exposure to a particular heavy metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Schmidlin
- Biogeography Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Vorstadt 10, 4056, Basel, Switzerland,
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14
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Schneider I, Oehlmann J, Oetken M. Impact of an estrogenic sewage treatment plant effluent on life-history traits of the freshwater amphipod Gammarus pulex. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2015; 50:272-281. [PMID: 25594120 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2015.981114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite efforts to upgrade sewage treatment plants (STPs) in the last decades, STPs are still a major source for the contamination of surface waters, including emerging pollutants such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals, personal care products and endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Because many of these substances are not completely removed in conventional STPs they are regularly detected in surface waters where they have the potential to affect local macroinvertebrate communities. The objective of the current work was to investigate the impact of an estrogenic wastewater effluent on the key life-history traits of the freshwater amphipod Gammarus pulex. G. pulex was exposed in artificial indoor flow-channels under constant conditions to different wastewater concentrations (0%, 33%, 66%, 100%). In parallel the estrogenic activity of wastewater samples was determined using the yeast estrogen screen (YES). Estrogenic activities in the STP effluent were up to 38.6 ng/L estradiol equivalents (EEQ). Amphipods exhibited an increasing body length with increasing wastewater concentrations. Furthermore, we observed a shift of the sex ratio in favour of females, a significantly increased fraction of brooding females and increased fecundity indices with increasing wastewater concentrations. The increased body length is likely to be attributed to the additional nutrient supply while the occurrence of EDCs in the wastewater is the probable cause for the altered sex ratio and fecundity in exposed Gammarus cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Schneider
- a Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
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15
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Peschke K, Geburzi J, Köhler HR, Wurm K, Triebskorn R. Invertebrates as indicators for chemical stress in sewage-influenced stream systems: toxic and endocrine effects in gammarids and reactions at the community level in two tributaries of Lake Constance, Schussen and Argen. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 106:115-125. [PMID: 24836886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the impact of releases from waste water treatment plants and storm water overflow basins on gammarids and other macrozoobenthos. The study relates to a recent upgrading of a waste water treatment plant (Langwiese) at the Schussen river, an important tributary to Lake Constance. Samples were taken at different sites at the Schussen river upstream and downstream of a storm water overflow basin and the waste water treatment plant Langwiese and, in parallel, at the Argen river, a less polluted reference stream. We assessed the influence of water quality on the distribution of macrozoobenthos and on the health of gammarid populations by a variety of ecotoxicological methods including biomarkers prior to the expansion of the waste water treatment plant. Through histopathological studies, the impact of parasites on host tissue health was evaluated. Analyses of heat shock protein (hsp70) levels allowed us to draw conclusions about the proteotoxicity-related stress status of the organisms. Furthermore, gammarid populations from all sites were investigated in respect to sex ratio, parasitism rate, and fecundity. Macrozoobenthos community integrity was determined by means of the saprobic index and the abundance as well as by the number of taxa. In gammarids, the sex ratio was significantly shifted towards females, fecundity was significantly decreased, and the hsp70 level was significantly increased downstream of the waste water treatment plant Langwiese, compared to the upstream sampling site. Similarly, these effects could be detected downstream of three small storm water overflow basins. In the macrozoobenthos communities, the abundance of taxa, the number of taxa, the number of ephemeroptera, plecoptera, and trichoptera taxa (EPT-taxa), and the number of sensitive taxa decreased downstream of the storm water overflow basin Mariatal as well as downstream of the waste water treatment plant Langwiese. Our study showed, that waste water treatment plants and storm water overflow basins affected macroinvertebrate communities and the health of gammarids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Peschke
- Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tuebingen, Konrad-Adenauer-Str. 20, D-72072 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Jonas Geburzi
- Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tuebingen, Konrad-Adenauer-Str. 20, D-72072 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Heinz-R Köhler
- Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tuebingen, Konrad-Adenauer-Str. 20, D-72072 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Karl Wurm
- GÖL Water Ecology Laboratory Starzach, Tulpenstr. 4, D-72181 Starzach, Germany
| | - Rita Triebskorn
- Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tuebingen, Konrad-Adenauer-Str. 20, D-72072 Tuebingen, Germany; Transfer Center Ecotoxicology and Ecophysiology, Blumenstr. 13, D-72108 Rottenburg, Germany
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16
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Coulaud R, Geffard O, Coquillat A, Quéau H, Charles S, Chaumot A. Ecological modeling for the extrapolation of ecotoxicological effects measured during in situ assays in Gammarus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:6428-6436. [PMID: 24805228 DOI: 10.1021/es501126g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating the effects of chemical contamination on populations and ecological communities still constitutes a challenging necessity in environmental management. However, the toxic effects of contaminants are commonly measured by means of organism-level responses. Linking such effects measures with ecological models is a promising way to determine population-level impacts. In this way, population models are currently increasingly used in predictive risk assessment procedures, but their use in environmental diagnostic framework remains limited due to their lack of ecological realism. The present study with the crustacean Gammarus fossarum, a sentinel species in freshwater monitoring, combines a dual field and laboratory experimental approach with a population modeling framework. In this way, we developed an ecologically relevant periodic matrix population model for Gammarus. This model allowed us to capture the population dynamics in the field, and to understand the particular pattern of demographic sensitivities induced by Gammarus life-history phenology. The model we developed provided a robust population-level assessment of in situ-based effects measures recorded during a biomonitoring program on a French watershed impacted by past mining activities. Thus, our study illustrates the potential of population modeling when seeking to decipher the role of environmental toxic contamination in ecological perturbations.
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17
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Charles J, Crini G, Degiorgi F, Sancey B, Morin-Crini N, Badot PM. Unexpected toxic interactions in the freshwater amphipod Gammarus pulex (L.) exposed to binary copper and nickel mixtures. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:1099-1111. [PMID: 23872894 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1978-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To document the toxicity of copper and nickel in binary mixtures, freshwater amphipods Gammarus pulex were exposed to the metals given independently or as mixtures. Toxicity to Cu alone was relatively high: 96-h LC10 and LC50 were found at 91 and 196 μg L(-1), respectively. Toxicity to Ni alone was very low, with 96-h LC10 and LC50 of 44,900 and 79,200 μg L(-1), respectively. Mixture toxicities were calculated from single toxicity data using conventional models. Modeled toxicity was then compared with the measured toxicity of the binary mixture. Two kinds of mixtures were tested. Type I mixtures were designed as combinations of Cu and Ni given at the same effect concentrations, when taken independently, to identify possible interactions between copper and nickel. In type II mixtures, Cu concentrations varied from 0 to 600 μg L(-1) while the nickel concentration was kept constant at 500 μg L(-1) to mimic conditions of industrial wastewater discharges. Ni and Cu showed synergic effects in type I mixtures while type II mixtures revealed antagonistic effects. Low doses of Ni reduced Cu toxicity towards G. pulex. These results show that even for simple binary mixtures of contaminants with known chemistry and toxicity, unexpected interactions between the contaminants may occur. This reduces the reliability of conventional additivity models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Charles
- UMR CNRS 6249 USC INRA Chrono-Environnement, Université de Franche-Comté, Place Leclerc, 25030, Besançon, France
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18
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Prato E, Parlapiano I, Biandolino F. Sublethal effects of copper on some biological traits of the amphipod Gammarus aequicauda reared under laboratory conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:1015-22. [PMID: 23800591 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The common and widespread copper contamination in marine coastal environments make toxicity data necessary to assess the aquatic hazard and risk of this metal. In the present study, the sublethal effects of copper on survival, growth and reproduction of Gammarus aequicauda were investigated. Amphipods were exposed for 77d to 2 nominal copper concentrations (50, 100 μg L(-1)). Survival was the most sensitive measure of effect and was significantly reduced, especially during early life stage (juveniles). Growth of amphipods was also negatively affected by copper and the growth impairment in G. aequicauda increases with increasing metal concentration. The reproductive traits were impaired by each of the copper concentrations, even if there were not any significant differences between control and copper treatments. The size at maturity increased with increasing copper, so the smallest ovigerous females in the control and copper treatments were 0.83 mm and 1.35 mm head length, respectively. There was a positive correlation between the brood size and the body size of the female in all treatments, whilst the fecundity (n°juveniles/female) decreased in the order control, 50 and 100 μg Cu L(-1). Copper demonstrates chronic toxicity to G. aequicauda at realistic environmental concentrations. The results of this study entail that the understanding of chronic toxicity of a substance, especially on population level effects, is crucial to assess the long-term effect of the substance in the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Prato
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, CNR - Via Roma, 3 74100 Taranto, Italy.
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19
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Englert D, Zubrod JP, Schulz R, Bundschuh M. Effects of municipal wastewater on aquatic ecosystem structure and function in the receiving stream. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 454-455:401-10. [PMID: 23562693 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
During recent years, increasing incidences of summer droughts - likely driven by climate change - reduced the dilution potential of low-order streams for secondary treated wastewater also in temperate Europe. Despite the potential risks to ecosystem integrity, there is a paucity of knowledge regarding the effects of different wastewater dilution potentials on ecosystem functions. The present study investigated the implications of secondary treated wastewater released into a third-order stream (Queich, southwest Germany) during a season with low dilution potential (summer; ~90% wastewater) as compared to a season with high dilution potential (winter; ~35% wastewater) in terms of leaf litter decomposition and macroinvertebrate communities. Adverse effects in macroinvertebrate mediated leaf mass loss (~65%), gammarids' feeding rate (~80%), leaf associated fungal biomass (>40%) and shifts in macroinvertebrate community structure were apparent up to 100 and 300 m (partially 500 m) downstream of the wastewater treatment plant effluent during winter and summer, respectively. In addition, a Gammarus fossarum laboratory feeding trial demonstrated the potential of powdered activated carbon to reduce the ecotoxicity of released wastewater. These results urge the development and evaluation of adequate management strategies, e.g. the application of advanced wastewater treatment technologies, to protect the integrity of freshwater ecosystems, which is required by the European Water Framework Directive - also considering decreasing dilution potential of streams as projected by climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Englert
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany.
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20
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Englert D, Bundschuh M, Schulz R. Thiacloprid affects trophic interaction between gammarids and mayflies. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2012; 167:41-46. [PMID: 22522317 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides like thiacloprid enter agricultural surface waters, where they may affect predator-prey-interactions, which are of central importance for ecosystems as well as the functions these systems provide. The effects of field relevant thiacloprid concentrations on the leaf consumption of Gammarus fossarum (Amphipoda) were assessed over 96 h (n = 13-17) in conjunction with its predation on Baetis rhodani (Ephemeroptera) nymphs. The predation by Gammarus increased significantly at 0.50-1.00 μg/L. Simultaneously, its leaf consumption decreased with increasing thiacloprid concentration. As a consequence of the increased predation at 1.00 μg/L, gammarids' dry weight rose significantly by 15% compared to the control. At 4.00 μg/L, the reduced leaf consumption was not compensated by an increase in predation causing a significantly reduced dry weight of Gammarus (∼20%). These results may finally suggest that thiacloprid adversely affects trophic interactions, potentially translating into alterations in ecosystem functions, like leaf litter breakdown and aquatic-terrestrial subsidies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Englert
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau Campus, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany.
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21
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Life history, secondary production and population dynamics of Gammarus fossarum (Koch, 1836) in a constant temperature stream. Biologia (Bratisl) 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-011-0148-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Bundschuh M, Schulz R. Ozonation of secondary treated wastewater reduces ecotoxicity to Gammarus fossarum (Crustacea; Amphipoda): are loads of (micro)pollutants responsible? WATER RESEARCH 2011; 45:3999-4007. [PMID: 21636106 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2010] [Revised: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Ozone application is an effective tool to reduce loads of (micro)pollutants in wastewater, however, its ecotoxicological implications are largely unknown. Therefore, the feeding rates of a leaf-shredding invertebrate (Gammarus fossarum) exposed to secondary (=non-ozone) or ozone treated wastewater were investigated to assess potential ecotoxicological effects. Two repetitive experiments resulted in significantly higher feeding rates for gammarids exposed to ozone compared to non-ozone treated wastewater sampled from a treatment plant equipped with a full-scale ozonation. A further experiment confirmed these results also for wastewater from the same treatment plant, when ozonation was conducted at the lab-scale. However, the deviations in dissolved organic carbon profiles of ozone and non-ozone wastewater did not seem to be the driving factor for the effects observed. Two additional experiments displayed on the one hand a higher feeding rate of G. fossarum if exposed to ten-fold enriched eluates from solid phase extraction cartridges loaded with ozone compared to non-ozone treated wastewater. On the other hand, the mean feeding rate of gammarids exposed to non-ozone treated wastewater, which contained hardly any (micro)pollutants (i.e. pharmaceuticals), was at the same level as wastewater from the same source additionally treated with ozone. These results suggest that not an alteration in the organic matrix but a reduction in the load of micropollutants most likely triggered the effects in the bioassay applied. Hence, the feeding rate of G. fossarum appears to be a well-suited bioassay to indicate alterations in ecotoxicological properties of wastewater due to the application of advanced oxidation processes like ozonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Bundschuh
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau Campus, Fortstrasse 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany.
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23
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Adam O, Degiorgi F, Crini G, Badot PM. High sensitivity of Gammarus sp. juveniles to deltamethrin: outcomes for risk assessment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2010; 73:1402-7. [PMID: 20236703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Revised: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Amphipods from the genus Gammarus are among the most frequently used organisms in ecotoxicological testing and in situ bioindication. Because of their importance in risk assessment, it is necessary to understand the potential roles of life stage, population source and inter-specific differences on the sensitivity of these organisms to contaminants. In the present study, the acute toxicity of deltamethrin, a commonly used pyrethroid insecticide, has been tested for Gammarus fossarum and Gammarus pulex (Crustacea, Amphipoda) to document the inter- and intra-specific variability at different developmental stages. Adult G. fossarum were about two-fold more sensitive to deltamethrin than adult G. pulex, 96-h LC50 being 33.2 and 68.0 ng L(-1), respectively. However, in the same species, significant differences of sensitivity were observed between individuals from different locations. Furthermore, G. fossarum from certain localities were less sensitive to deltamethrin than certain G. pulex. In addition, juveniles of both species were about 14- to 22-fold more sensitive to deltamethrin than adults: 48-h LC50 in G. fossarum and G. pulex juveniles were 4.0 and 5.7 ng L(-1). Therefore, lethal effects of deltamethrin on Gammarus sp. populations likely depend more on juvenile response rather than on adult response. Since juveniles were also the most abundant population component, the present results show that risk assessment should consider at this developmental stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Adam
- Chrono-Environment Department, UMR 6249 UFC/CNRS usc INRA, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.
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24
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Dietrich S, Ploessl F, Bracher F, Laforsch C. Single and combined toxicity of pharmaceuticals at environmentally relevant concentrations in Daphnia magna--a multigenerational study. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 79:60-66. [PMID: 20116828 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are continuously discharged into the environment, resulting in the chronic exposure of aquatic organisms to these compounds. In this multigenerational study, we examined the influence of four pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine (CBZ), diclofenac (DIC), 17alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2) and metoprolol (MET)) as single substances and as a drug mixture at environmentally relevant concentrations on life-history and morphological parameters over six generations of the cladoceran Daphnia magna. Detectable effects of the used pharmaceuticals occured in the first observed generation, followed by an acclimation period and a recurrence of drug effects in later generations: daphnids exposed to MET were affected by the pharmaceutical, resulting in a decreased body length at first reproduction in the generations F0, F3 and F4 and in a reduced number of offspring in the generations F0 and F4. Similar effects were observed in daphnids exposed to EE2. DIC delayed age at first reproduction in the F0 and F2 generations and increased the body length of neonates in the generations F1 and F5. Daphnids exposed to CBZ showed a delay in the age at first reproduction for the F0 generation only. The drug mixture reduced the age at first reproduction of daphnids in the F0 and F2 generation and increased the body length at first reproduction in the generations F0 and F3. Neither the single drugs nor the pharmaceutical mixture influenced the successive generations of D. magna in a steady way. Thus, multigenerational studies are necessary to prevent insufficient assessments on the impact of pharmaceuticals in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Dietrich
- Department of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Grosshaderner Strasse 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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25
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Kunz PY, Kienle C, Gerhardt A. Gammarus spp. in aquatic ecotoxicology and water quality assessment: toward integrated multilevel tests. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2010; 205:1-76. [PMID: 20044794 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-5623-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The amphipod genus Gammarus is widespread and is structurally and functionally important in epigean freshwaters of the Northern Hemisphere. Its presence is crucial, because macroinvertebrate feeding is a major rate-limiting step in the processing of stream detrius. In addition, Gammarus interacts with multiple trophic levels bu functioning as prey, predator, herbivore, detritivore, and shredder. Such a broad span of ecosystem participation underlines the importance of Gammarus to pollutants and other disturbances may render it a valuable indicator for ecosystem health. This review summarizes the vast number of studies conducted with Gammarus spp. for evaluating aquatic ecotoxicology endpoints and examines the suitability of this native invertabrate species for the assessment of stream ecosystem health in the Northern Hemisphere. Numerous papers have been published on how pollutants affect gammarind behavior (i.e., mating, predator avoidance), reproduction, development, feeding activity, population structure, as well as the consequences of pollution on host-parasite, predator-prey, or native-invasive species interactions. Some biochemical and molecular biomarkers have already been established, such as the measurement of vitellogenin-like proteins, metallothioneins, alkali-labile phosphates (in proteins), and lipogenic enzyme activities for assessing endocrine distribution and detoxification mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Y Kunz
- Ecotox Centre, Swiss Center for Applied Ecotoxicology, Eawag/EPFL, Uberlandstrasse 133, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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Bacela K, Konopacka A, Grabowski M. Reproductive biology of Dikerogammarus haemobaphes: an invasive gammarid (Crustacea: Amphipoda) colonizing running waters in Central Europe. Biol Invasions 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-009-9496-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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