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Monjezi SD, Bakhtiyari AR, Alavi-Yeganeh MS. Sourcing aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Jinga shrimp (Metapenaeus affinis) muscle tissues and surface sediments (study case: Northwest Persian Gulf). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:28644-28657. [PMID: 38558344 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32738-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
This study addresses the sources of aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the surface sediments of the northwestern Persian Gulf and the muscle tissues of Jinga shrimp (Metapenaeus affinis), a commercially important aquatic species. In November 2018, 28 Jinga shrimp samples were systematically collected from four key fishing areas in Behrgan and Khormusi: Imam Khomeini Port (S1), Mahshahr Port (S2), Sejafi (S3), and Behrgan Wharf (S4). Additionally, sediment samples were collected from these locations, and AHs and PAHs concentrations were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The average aliphatic concentration in Jinga shrimp was 4800.32 (μg g-1 DW), exceeding the sediment samples' 2496.69 (μg g-1 DW) estimate. Hydrocarbon component analysis revealed EPA priority list (PAH-16) and measured PAHs (PAH-29) concentrations in Jinga shrimp ranging from 1095.8 to 2698.3 (ng g-1 DW) and in sediments from 653.6 to 1019.5 (ng g-1 DW). Elevated AHs and PAHs in Jinga shrimp, compared to sediments, suggest a petrogenic source, notably at station S4 near Behrgansar and Nowruz oil fields. Low molecular weight (LMW) compounds dominated in both shrimp and sediment PAHs. Aliphatic composition profiles in shrimps closely mirrored sediment profiles, illustrating an even-to-odd carbon dominance gradient. Diagnostic ratio examinations of hydrocarbons indicated pervasive petroleum derivatives in the environment. This study establishes a direct correlation between hydrocarbon concentrations in shrimp and sediment samples and the corresponding aliphatic groups, PAH-16, and PAH-29. The findings underscore the potential of Jinga shrimp as a reliable indicator of hydrocarbon pollution in the northwestern Persian Gulf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Davodi Monjezi
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
| | - Alireaza Riyahi Bakhtiyari
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Alavi-Yeganeh
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
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2
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Sharifiarab G, Ahmadi M, Shariatifar N, Ariaii P. Investigating the effect of type of fish and different cooking methods on the residual amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in some Iranian fish: A health risk assessment. Food Chem X 2023; 19:100789. [PMID: 37780318 PMCID: PMC10534125 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the level of PAHs and associated health risks in different types of fish cooked with different methods, using the MSPE-GC/MS technique (magnetic solid phase extraction with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry). The limits of detection (LODs), limits of quantification (LOQs) and recovery percentages ranged from 0.1 to 0.63 μg/kg, 0.3-1.89 μg/kg, and 93.7 to 102.6%, respectively. The results showed that the mean of ƩPAHs in all samples was 20.31 ± 6.60 µg/kg. Additionally, PAH4 and BaP levels in all samples were 4.58 ± 1.40 and 1.08 ± 0.36 µg/kg, respectively, which were below the European Union (EU) standard level (12 and 2 µg/kg, respectively). The results showed that among 5 types of fish, starry sturgeon had highest average total PAHs (13.24 ± 1.84 µg/kg), while Caspian Sea sprat had the lowest average total PAHs (1.24 ± 0.8 µg/kg). In terms of cooking methods (charcoal-grilled fish, fried fish and oven-grilled fish), charcoal-grilled fish had the highest average total PAH level at 25.41 ± 7.31 µg/kg, while the lowest average total PAH was found in the raw fish sample at 16.44 ± 4.63 µg/kg. The Monte Carlo Simulation was used to determine the 95% ILCRs (Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk) due to ingestion of fish. The results showed that the ILCR for adults was 2.85E-9, while for children it was 1.32E-8. Therefore, based on these findings, it can be concluded that the consumption of fish cooked with different methods does not pose a risk to human health in terms of the amount of PAHs (ILCR < 1 × 10-4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamali Sharifiarab
- Department of Food Hygiene, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad Uneversity, Amol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ahmadi
- Department of Food Hygiene, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad Uneversity, Amol, Iran
| | - Nabi Shariatifar
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peiman Ariaii
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad Uneversity, Amol, Iran
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Guo J, Luo X, Yang Y, Lv Y, Zeng Y, Mai B. Age- and sex-specific dermal exposure of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the general population of a city in south China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 310:119802. [PMID: 35863704 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the dermal exposure of population to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a South China city. Skin wipe samples of the face, hand, forearm, and shank were collected from 120 volunteers (50% male and 50% female) belonging to different age groups (preschooler, thresholder, middle-aged, and elderly). Concentrations of PAHs in the skin wipe samples varied from 18 to 27000 ng/m2 in the order of face > hand > forearm > shank, regardless of age and gender. The PAH concentrations of bare skin locations were significantly higher in females than in males, while no significant differences were observed for clothing-covered skin locations between genders. The PAH concentrations for faces were significantly higher in the elderly compared to the other groups. The PAH composition was distinct between the four age groups. The dermal exposure levels of total PAHs and total BaP equivalent concentration (BaPeq) varied from 25.6 to 620 and 0.093-37.4 ng/kg body weight/d, respectively. The dermal exposure levels of total PAHs were significantly higher in females than in males in all age groups except for the middle-aged group. The hand-mouth exposure doses were significantly higher in the preschoolers than in the other age groups. The values of the carcinogenic risk caused by dermal PAH exposure were between 3.5 × 10-6 and 1.4 × 10-3 with 29% of the population (35/120) having risk values exceeding significant levels (1 × 10-4). The thresholder group exhibited the highest risk for PAH dermal exposure among all groups of the population. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the age- and gender-related risk of PAH through dermal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaojun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Jieyang, Guangdong, 515200, China
| | - Yinzhi Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanhong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bixian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Melo PTS, Torres JPM, Ramos LRV, Fogaça FHS, Massone CG, Carreira RS. PAHs impacts on aquatic organisms: contamination and risk assessment of seafood following an oil spill accident. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20211215. [PMID: 35730899 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220211215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oil spills, intrinsically related to the petroleum production chain, represent a risk to the marine environment and a potential threat to humans through seafood consumption. We revised the NE Brazil oil spill and other accidents along the Brazilian coast, with a focus on seafood contamination, covering topics such as bioaccumulation, bioaccessibility, and risk analysis. Comprehensive knowledge of the impacts of spills helps in the interpretation of the dynamics of hydrocarbons released into the sea, contributing to actions to control their negative impacts. Currently, no legal limits have been established permanently in Brazil for PAHs in seafood edible tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamella Talita S Melo
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Km 07, Zona Rural, BR 465, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal, 23890-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - João Paulo M Torres
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bloco G, Laboratório de Biofísica, Cidade Universitária, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leonardo R V Ramos
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Km 07, Zona Rural, BR 465, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal, 23890-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.,Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Sereder, 13, Instituto de Zootecnia, Estação de Biologia Marinha, Itacuruçá, 23870-000 Mangaratiba, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Helena S Fogaça
- Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Av. das Américas, 29501, Guaratiba, 23020-470 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos G Massone
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 225, Gávea, 22451-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renato S Carreira
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 225, Gávea, 22451-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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The Role of the Ecotoxicology Applied to Seafood as a Tool for Human Health Risk Assessments Concerning Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031211. [PMID: 35162233 PMCID: PMC8834783 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent pollutants routinely detected in aquatic ecosystems. It is, therefore, necessary to assess the link between deleterious marine biota PAH effects, especially in commercialized and consumed animals, environmental health status, and potential human health risks originating from the consumption of contaminated seafood products. Thus, this review seeks to verify the relationships of ecotoxicological studies in determining effect and safety concentrations on animals routinely consumed by humans. Methods: A total of 52 published studies between 2011 and 2021, indexed in three databases, were selected following the PICO methodology, and information on test animals, evaluated PAH, and endpoints were extracted. Results: Benzo(a)pyrene and phenanthrene were the most investigated PAHs in terms of biomarkers and test organisms, and mussels were the most evaluated bioindicator species, with an emphasis on reproductive responses. Furthermore, despite the apparent correlation between environmental PAH dynamics and effects on aquatic biota and human health, few assessments have been performed in a multidisciplinary manner to evaluate these three variables together. Conclusions: The links between human and environmental sciences must be strengthened to enable complete and realistic toxicity assessments as despite the application of seafood assessments, especially to mussels, in bioassays, the connection between toxicological animal responses and risks associated with their consumption is still understudied.
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Zhang H, Chen Y, Li D, Yang C, Zhou Y, Wang X, Zhang Z. PAH residue and consumption risk assessment in four commonly consumed wild marine fishes from Zhoushan Archipelago, East China Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 170:112670. [PMID: 34186447 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The concentration, constitution, distribution, possible sources, and associated consumption risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in four marine fishes in the Zhoushan Archipelago were investigated. The concentrations of PAHs in the edible muscle of these four fishes ranged from 34.7 to 108 ng/g wet weight. Four-ring and six-ring PAH congeners constitute the most and least percentages of the total PAHs, respectively. The highest PAH concentrations were found in Mugil cephalus, followed by Sebastiscus marmoratus, Lateolabrax maculatus, and Collichthys lucidus. The highest PAH concentrations were found at the sampling island Liuheng, followed by Gouqi, Qushan, Dongji, and Zhujiajian. PAH concentrations in wet weight were remarkably different among these four fish species but not among different locations. High-molecular-weight congeners predominated the PAH composition pattern in most of the samples. Results showed that the consumption of M. cephalus might have potential carcinogenic risk. This study provided baseline data on PAH concentrations in seafood and consequent human consumption risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zhang
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources for Key Fishing Grounds, Ministry of Agriculture, Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Yongjiu Chen
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Dewei Li
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources for Key Fishing Grounds, Ministry of Agriculture, Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Chenghu Yang
- Marine and Fishery Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Yongdong Zhou
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources for Key Fishing Grounds, Ministry of Agriculture, Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China.
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan 316022, PR China.
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7
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Li Y, Guo N, Zou X, Li P, Zou S, Luo J, Yang Y. Pollution level and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine fish from two coastal regions, the South China Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 168:112376. [PMID: 33975159 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Marine fishes are consumed in large quantities by humans as nutritious food. However, the intake of fish polluted by chemicals may pose a severe threat to human health. This study measured the concentrations of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the muscles of 22 species of marine fish from two coastal regions, i.e., Tanmen and Zhuhai, identified the source of PAHs, and assessed the human health risk by dietary exposure. Total PAH (Σ16PAHs) levels in Tanmen and Zhuhai fish were in the range of 24.29-684.83 ng g-1 dry weight (dw) and 13.74-42.59 ng g-1 dw, averaging 161.46 ng g-1 dw and 31.21 ng g-1 dw, respectively. Compared with other regions in the world, PAH concentrations in Tanmen fish were at median levels, and Zhuhai fish were at low levels. Low molecular weight PAHs (with 2- and 3-rings) were the predominant compounds detected. Molecular diagnostic ratios suggested that PAHs in Tanmen mainly originated from petrogenic sources such as vessel operations or tanker accidents, while Zhuhai fish were mainly polluted by pyrolytic sources such as combustion of coal and wood. The human health risk assessment results indicated that the risk of PAH intake via fish consumption from Zhuhai was negligible, while five species from Tanmen may pose potential health risks to local residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Coastal and Island Development, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Nairong Guo
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China; Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Xinqing Zou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Coastal and Island Development, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Pu Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China; Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Shichun Zou
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China; Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Jieling Luo
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China; Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China; Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China.
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Lee S, Kim MK, Kim DY, Shin HS. Evaluation of analytical method for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons content in home meal replacement products by GC/MS. Food Sci Biotechnol 2021; 30:891-900. [PMID: 34395020 PMCID: PMC8302712 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-021-00932-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from frequently consumed home meal replacement (HMR) products in Korea and evaluated their chemical analysis methods. The PAHs investigated were benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene and benzo[a]pyrene. Chrysene-d12 and benzo[a]pyrene-d12 served as internal standards. The sample was dissolved in dichloromethane before extraction. Liquid-liquid extraction, microwave extraction, alkali digestion and GC-MS were used for analysis. Method validation was conducted on four matrices: fatty solid, fatty liquid, non-fatty liquid, non-fatty solid. Linear correlation coefficients (R2) were all above 0.99 and accuracy ranged from 80.03 to 119.65%. The LOD and LOQ were in the range of 0.03-0.15 and 0.09-0.44 μg/kg, respectively. The recoveries varied from 81.09 to 116.42% and precision ranged from 0.07 to 10.73% in both intraday and interday analysis. All concentrations of total PAHs from HMR products were detected at relatively low concentration. This study could provide the PAHs content from HMR products in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- SiHyoung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32, Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326 Republic of Korea
| | - Min kyung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32, Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326 Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Yeong Kim
- Institute of Convergence Life Sciences
, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32, Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326 Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Seung Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32, Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326 Republic of Korea
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Zhang L, Wu P, Zhou H, Hu Z, Zhang N, Wang L, Zhao Y. Determination of 15 + 1 European Priority Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Smoked Meat Products by Saponification/Solid-Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 60:298-307. [PMID: 34169320 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A method for the determination of 15 + 1 European priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (EUPAHs) in smoked meat samples by saponification/solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry has been developed. Both saponification and solid-phase extraction conditions were optimized, which lead to shorter sample preparation time and excellent sensitivity and selectivity. The optimal saponification condition for the lipid extract of 5.00 g smoked food sample was 5 mL KOH (1.5 mol/L)-ethanol at 70°C for 5 min, and the shorter alkaline treatment time avoided the loss of volatile EUPAHs such as Benzo[c]fluorene. All the EUPAHs showed good linearity in the range between 5.0 and 50.0 ng/mL with correlation coefficients between 0.997 and 1.00. The estimated LODs for the EUPAHs were 0.15-0.30 μg/kg, while the LOQs were 0.50-1.0 μg/kg. The three spiking levels of EUPAHs were 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0 μg/kg, and the average recovery was between 75.2 and 99.6%, while the RSD were 2.3-12.4%. This sensitive and rapid method was successfully applied to smoked meat samples from Zhejiang Province of China, and the results revealed the presence of 13 EUPAHs. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was found in 19 out of 20 samples, with concentration ranging from 0.51 to 4.57 μg/kg. The sum of concentrations of PAH4 (summation of benzo(a)pyrene, chrysene, benzo(a)anthracene, and benzo(b)fluoranthene) were 2.40-53.56 μg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Zhang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Hangzhou, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
| | - Pinggu Wu
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, P. R. China
| | - Zhengyan Hu
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, P. R. China
| | - Nianhua Zhang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, P. R. China
| | - Liyuan Wang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, P. R. China
| | - Yongxin Zhao
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, P. R. China
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Wickrama-Arachchige AUK, Guruge KS, Inagaki Y, Tani H, Dharmaratne TS, Niizuma Y, Ohura T. Halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in edible aquatic species of two Asian countries: Congener profiles, biomagnification, and human risk assessment. Food Chem 2021; 360:130072. [PMID: 34082376 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Seventy-five contaminants including chlorinated/brominated/parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Cl/Br/PAHs) were investigated in 29 edible aquatic species from the Indian Ocean near Sri Lanka and 10 species from the Pacific Ocean near Japan. Concentrations of total ClPAHs and BrPAHs in the samples were 2.6-57 and 0.30-9.5 ng/g-dry weight from the Indian Ocean, and 0.35-18 and 0.03-3.3 ng/g-dry weight from the Pacific Ocean, respectively. Comparing the profiles of Cl/BrPAHs among the samples, congeners of chlorinated and brominated pyrene were predominant components and enhanced the potential for biomagnification in the sample from the off-shore pelagic environment in the Indian Ocean. The incremental lifetime cancer risks estimated by intake of the targets in consuming aquatic organisms showed that approximately one-third of studied organisms exceeded the acceptable risk level for Sri Lankans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keerthi S Guruge
- Pathology and Pathophysiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-0856, Japan; National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hanthana Road, Kandy, Sri Lanka.
| | - Yuriko Inagaki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
| | - Hinako Tani
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
| | - Tilak Siri Dharmaratne
- Faculty of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Ocean University of Sri Lanka, Mahawela Road, Tangalle, HB 82200, Sri Lanka; Gem and Jewellery Research and Training Institute, 73 /5/A, Kaduwela, Sri Lanka
| | - Yasuaki Niizuma
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan; Graduate School of Agriculture, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan.
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Wang Q, Chu L, Peng F, Li JY, Chen H, Jin L. Contribution of aquatic products consumption to total human exposure to PAHs in Eastern China: The source matters. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115339. [PMID: 32823042 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Demand for aquatic products surges, due to the increasing concerns on high-quality nutrition and food security. Eastern China is the leading area in contributing significantly to both production and consumption of aquatic products from inland aquaculture, coastal fishing, and distant-water fishing. It is imperative to comprehensively assess the dietary risks of common chemical hazards, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aquatic products of these supply origins, and the contribution of aquatic product consumption to total human exposure. The observed body loads of total PAHs in the coastal aquatic products varied significantly, indicating an unstable food quality from the east coast of China. In the meantime, benzo[a]pyrene equivalent concentrations (BaPeq) exhibited the highest level in the aquatic products from inland farm ponds. High BaPeq, along with high consumption of inland aquaculture products, led to higher corresponding cumulative carcinogenic risks (ILCRs) than the other two kinds of products, which further indicate that the origins and consumption rates of the aquatic products do matter. Furthermore, it is confirmed that the consumption of aquatic products is an important contributor to the total daily exposure to PAHs, especially for children and pregnant women. Finally, it is necessary to apply practical remediation in aquaculture farm ponds to provide high-quality products, especially for the population groups of children and pregnant women, and alleviate the exposure and risk due to the PAHs in aquatic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Lanlan Chu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Peng
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan-Ying Li
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Pudong, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongjie Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ling Jin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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12
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Oliveira M, De Gasperi Portella C, Ramalhosa MJ, Delerue-Matos C, Sant'Ana LS, Morais S. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in wild and farmed whitemouth croaker and meagre from different Atlantic Ocean fishing areas: Concentrations and human health risk assessment. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 146:111797. [PMID: 33027612 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This work assessed the concentrations of 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in edible tissues of whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri) and meagre (Argyrosomus regius) captured in different Atlantic Ocean fishing areas and available to Brazilian and Portuguese consumers. Total PAH (∑PAHs) levels ranged from 1.32 to 5.41 μg/kg ww in wild-caught croaker and 2.66 (wild)-18.0 (farmed) μg/kg ww in meagre. Compounds with 2- and 3-rings represented 54-86% of ∑PAHs in the muscle tissues of wild-caught species (croaker and meagre) being naphthalene, fluorene, and phenanthrene the predominant compounds. ∑PAHs in farmed meagre were 4-7 times higher than in wild-caught meagre, with 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-ring compounds representing 15, 18, 44, 22, and 1% of ∑PAHs, respectively. Benzo(a)pyrene levels in farmed meagre varied between 0.06 and 0.34 μg/kg ww. Crude oil refining and combustion sources were identified as the major sources of PAHs in FAO 27, 34 and 41 Atlantic Ocean fishing areas. The biometric characteristics (length, weight, moisture, and fat content) and ∑PAHs allowed to discriminate between wild-caught and farmed meagre samples and between meagre and croaker. Assessment of carcinogenic risks suggested that a diet exclusive on farmed meagre may pose additional risks for the health of European top consumers fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Oliveira
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina De Gasperi Portella
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal; UNESP, Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria João Ramalhosa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal
| | - L S Sant'Ana
- UNESP, Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone Morais
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal.
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13
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Maia ML, Sousa S, Correia-Sá ML, Delerue-Matos C, Calhau C, Domingues VF. Organochlorine pesticides, brominated flame retardants, synthetic musks and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in shrimps. An overview of occurrence and its implication on human exposure. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04870. [PMID: 32964162 PMCID: PMC7490540 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Shrimps are widely distributed in coastal areas, estuaries and rivers. Although this shellfish is a good source of nutrients, it can also accumulate environmental contaminants, such as organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), synthetic musks (SMs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Due to their bioaccumulative properties, these pollutants are endocrine disruptors. In this review, an overview of the world's shrimp market, pollutants legislation and values found in shrimp samples will be discussed. Shrimps analysed from all continents showed the presence of contaminants, Asia being the continent with the highest values reported. The concentration values reached a maximum of 26100 ng/g wet weight (ww) for OCPs, of 226.45 ng/g ww for BFRs, of 12.1 ng/g ww for SMs and of 50650 ng/g ww for PAHs. Exposure data and risk, taken from different studies, are very variable and indicate that shrimp's consumption may represent a risk especially in certain geographic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luz Maia
- REQUIMTE/LAQV-GRAQ, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
- Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems (Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde –CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Sousa
- REQUIMTE/LAQV-GRAQ, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
- Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems (Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde –CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Luísa Correia-Sá
- REQUIMTE/LAQV-GRAQ, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV-GRAQ, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems (Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde –CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal
- Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Valentina Fernandes Domingues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV-GRAQ, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
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14
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Duedahl-Olesen L, Cederberg TL, Christensen T, Fagt S, Fromberg A, Granby K, Hansen M, Boberg J, Sloth JJ, Petersen A. Dietary exposure to selected chemical contaminants in fish for the Danish population. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2020; 37:1027-1039. [PMID: 32343636 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1743374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The exposure to selected chemical contaminants from fish has been calculated for the Danish population, both for adults (15-75 years of age) and children (4-14 years of age). The Danish mean consumption of fish is 21 g person-1 day-1 for adults and 12 g person-1 day-1 for children. Fish consumption is the main food group contributor for exposure to mercury and dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCDD/F and DL-PCB) for the Danish population. Comparison of the mean exposure with the TDI or TWI values shows for these substances as well as for perfluorooctane sulphuric acid (PFOS) that the exposure is below the TDI/TWI values. However, even without taking other food groups into account, PCDD/Fs and DL-PCB exposure is close to the actual TWI-value. Calculation of the Margin of Exposure (MOE) for the sum of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDD) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) revealed fish consumption to be of low concern for the consumer health regarding these contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene Duedahl-Olesen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tommy L Cederberg
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tue Christensen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sisse Fagt
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Arvid Fromberg
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kit Granby
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Max Hansen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Julie Boberg
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jens J Sloth
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Annette Petersen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Wirnkor VA, Ngozi VE, Ajero CM, Charity LK, Ngozi OS, Ebere EC, Emeka AC. Biomonitoring of concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in blood and urine of children at playgrounds within Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. Environ Anal Health Toxicol 2019; 34:e2019011-0. [PMID: 32008304 PMCID: PMC7029705 DOI: 10.5620/eaht.e2019011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure is among the leading air pollutants associated with diverse adverse health effects due to their persistent, bio-accumulative and toxic characteristics. Children are most affected by these pollutants, yet studies directly related children to these pollutants are scarce in Nigeria. In this study, blood and urine from 36 children between the ages 4-14 years were collected as per sterile procedures by a licensed phlebotomist from the antecubital fossa into BD vacutainer tubes® while a mid-stream urine sample into acid-washed 120 mL BD vacutainer urine cups and stored in refrigerator at -4˚C for 6 hours, then each 5 mL was extracted with 10 mL of pentane and analyzed for 15 PAHs using GC-MS. Results revealed that PAHs concentrations (53.48 to 70.8 μg/dL) in blood was lower than in urine (94.98 to 115.04 μg/dL). Mean values had no significant (p>0.5) differences between schools, possibly due to the fact that all schools were experiencing similar anthropogenic disturbances. At 5% level of significance, positive and strong correlationships (r=0.83, r=0.73) were observed for fluorene-fluoranthene (FLa) and benzo (a) anthracene-FLa respectively in blood samples. Two and three rings PAHs had generally low concentrations in both blood and urine. Despite being the most distributed compound, the concentration of dibenzo (a,h) anthracene was highest for urine than in blood. Urine PAHs showed higher concentration of carcinogenic PAHs than blood. Elimination ratios (ER) such as for acenaphthene (0.06) and anthracene (Ant; 0.11) were considered low while values such as for FLa (1.36) and indeno [1, 2, 3-cd] pyrene (1.55) were considered high ER. Trends in elimination ratios showed close similarity. In conclusion there was elevated PAHs in blood and urine of children with consequent high carcinogenic and then non-carcinogenic risks. This research is significant in setting the stage for more detailed work at same time alerting policy makers on the need for urgent mitigation steps that will reduce children exposure to this class of dangerous pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verla Andrew Wirnkor
- Group Research in Analytical Chemistry, Environment and Climate Change (GRACE & CC), Department of Chemistry, Imo State University, PMB 2000 Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Verla Evelyn Ngozi
- Department of Environmental Technology, School of Environmental Technology Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State Nigeria
| | - Chigbo Medo Ajero
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Imo State University, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Enyoh Christian Ebere
- Group Research in Analytical Chemistry, Environment and Climate Change (GRACE & CC), Department of Chemistry, Imo State University, PMB 2000 Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Amaobi Collins Emeka
- Group Research in Analytical Chemistry, Environment and Climate Change (GRACE & CC), Department of Chemistry, Imo State University, PMB 2000 Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
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16
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Olayinka OO, Adewusi AA, Olujimi OO, Aladesida AA. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediment and Health Risk of Fish, Crab and Shrimp Around Atlas Cove, Nigeria. J Health Pollut 2019; 9:191204. [PMID: 31893165 PMCID: PMC6905136 DOI: 10.5696/2156-9614-9.24.191204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic contaminants and pose health risks to humans and the ecosystem due to their persistence in the environment. OBJECTIVES This study determined the concentrations of PAHs in sediment, two species of fish (Drepane africana and Pomadasys jubelini), crabs (Callinectes amnicola) and shrimps (Penaeus notialis) around the Atlas Cove jetty, Lagos, Nigeria. METHODS Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were extracted from fish, shrimp, and crabs that were purchased from local fishermen. Sediments were collected at five locations impacted by ship movement and cargo offloading around the Atlas Cove jetty during the period of June to August 2016, using standard methods. Potential toxicity of PAHs in the sediments on the surrounding aquatic organisms was assessed. The PAHs were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Human health risk assessment was calculated from biota using dietary daily intake and carcinogenic potencies of individual PAH concentrations. RESULTS A total of 17 PAH congeners were detected in sediment samples and ten were detected in biota samples. Concentrations of total PAHs obtained in sediment and fish samples ranged from 2.15 - 36.46 mg/kg and 11.89 - 71.06 mg/kg, respectively. The total PAHs concentration pattern follow the order of P. notialis > C. amnicola > P. jubelini (whole) > D. africana (whole) > D. africana (fillet) > P. jubelini (fillet) > sediment. Concentrations of total PAHs were higher in whole fish than in fillet samples (muscle) in both fish species. High values of PAHs were recorded in the dietary intake (0.10 - 2.33 mg/kg body weight/day) of the organisms. Toxic equivalent quotient values (0.01 to 0.10 mg/kg) were observed to be higher than the screening values (0.0014 to 0.0599 mg/kg). In the muscle of Drepane africana and Pomadasys jubelini, splitting and atrophy of the muscle bundles were observed. CONCLUSIONS The concentrations of PAHs in analyzed sediment and organisms were higher than the maximum permissible limit of the United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Most of the detected PAHs were of petrogenic origin, which is an indication that anthropogenic activities were influencing PAH concentrations. COMPETING INTERESTS The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafunmilayo O. Olayinka
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Adetomi Adeola Adewusi
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Olanrewaju Olusoji Olujimi
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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17
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Habibullah-Al-Mamun M, Ahmed MK, Islam MS, Tokumura M, Masunaga S. Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in commonly consumed seafood from coastal areas of Bangladesh and associated human health implications. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:1105-1121. [PMID: 30288647 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0202-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Levels, distribution, possible sources and potential risks of 16 USEPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated comprehensively in frequently consumed seafood species collected from the coastal areas of Bangladesh. Samples were collected in winter and summer, 2015. The total concentration of PAHs (∑PAHs) in the examined seafood was 184.5-2806.6 ng/g wet weight (ww) in winter and 117.9-4216.8 ng/g ww in summer, respectively. The levels of ∑PAHs were comparable to or higher than those reported from other coastal areas. Seasonal variation was not significant for the majority of the monitored PAHs. Spatial distribution revealed that the seafood collected from areas with recent urbanization and industrialization (Chittagong, Cox's Bazar and Sundarbans) was more contaminated with PAHs than those from the unindustrialized area (Meghna Estuary). Low-molecular-weight isomers dominated the PAH composition. Molecular ratios suggested the abundance of mixed sources of PAHs in the Bangladeshi coastal areas with a slight imposition toward the petrogenic origin. A preliminary evaluation of human health risk indicated that the dietary PAH exposure from consumption of Bangladeshi seafood would certainly induce adverse health effects. This finding suggests the need to enhance risk management regarding seafood consumption through public advisory in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Habibullah-Al-Mamun
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-9 Tokiwadai Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan.
- Department of Fisheries, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Kawser Ahmed
- Department of Oceanography, Earth and Environmental Science Faculty, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Masahiro Tokumura
- Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Science, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
- Faculty of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-9 Tokiwadai Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Shigeki Masunaga
- Faculty of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-9 Tokiwadai Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
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18
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Wang X, Celander MC, Yin X, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Xu H, Yu X, Xu K, Zhang X, Kanchanopas-Barnette P. PAHs and PCBs residues and consumption risk assessment in farmed yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) from the East China Sea, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 140:294-300. [PMID: 30803646 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) purchased from five different farming sites in Zhoushan Archipelago and Xiangshan Harbor in the East China Sea, China were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Concentrations of PAHs and PCBs in the edible muscle of L. crocea ranged from 83.14 to 174.68 ng/g wet weight (or 266.89 to 695.24 ng/g dry weight) and 3.89 to 17.40 ng/g wet weight (or 15.50 to 54.25 ng/g dry weight), respectively. Incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) associated with the dietary intake of PAHs and PCBs in L. crocea was assessed. Results showed that levels of PAHs in L. crocea were high enough to cause potential carcinogenic risks for human consumption, while, levels of PCBs in fish samples were of low significant carcinogenic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316004, PR China; Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316004, PR China
| | - Malin C Celander
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xiaolong Yin
- Zhoushan Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316004, PR China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan 316004, PR China
| | - Yongjiu Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316004, PR China
| | - Huanzhi Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316004, PR China; Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316004, PR China
| | - Xinwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan 316004, PR China
| | - Kaida Xu
- Marine Fishery Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources for Key Fishing Grounds, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhoushan 316004, PR China
| | - Xiumei Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316004, PR China.
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Sun SJ, Zhao ZB, Li B, Ma LX, Fu DL, Sun XZ, Thapa S, Shen JM, Qi H, Wu YN. Occurrence, composition profiles and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in municipal sewage sludge in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 245:764-770. [PMID: 30502706 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A nationwide survey, including 75 sludge samples and 18 wastewater samples taken from different wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) from 23 cities, was carried out to investigate the occurrence and composition profiles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in China. In total, the concentrations of ∑16PAHs in sludge ranged from 565 to 280,000 ng/g (mean: 9340 ng/g) which was at a moderate level in the world. The composition profiles of PAHs were characterized by 3- and 4-ring PAHs in textile dyeing sludge and 4- and 5-ring PAHs in domestic sludge. Significant variations in regional distribution of PAHs were observed. Both the principal components analysis and diagnostic ratios revealed that vehicle exhaust, coal and natural gas combustion were the main sources of PAHs in China. The estimated concentrations of PAHs were 3820 ng/L and 1120 ng/L in influents and effluents of the WWTPs, respectively. The high toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) values of PAHs are ascribed to the high PAH levels. Risk quotient values (RQs) in sludge indicated that there was low potential risk to soil ecosystem after sludge had been applied one year except for indeno [1,2,3-cd]pyrene (IcdP) detected in Huaibei, Anhui province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Ze-Bin Zhao
- School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Li-Xin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Dong-Lei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Xia-Zhong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Samit Thapa
- Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Ji-Min Shen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Hong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Yi-Ning Wu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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20
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Chen LL, Tseng CH, Tseng WJ. Development of a system dynamics model for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and its application to assess the benefits of pollution reduction. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 166:231-236. [PMID: 30273845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A dynamic multimedia transport (DMT) model for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was constructed using the system dynamics software STELLA to simulate the transmission and flow of PAHs in different media. Humans are primarily exposed to PAHs via ingestion. Thus, this study used the DMT model to simulate the concentrations of PAHs in food media and the human body and assess the risk of harm to humans. On the basis of the hypothesis of PAH reduction in the Taiwanese steel industry, two scenarios were used (cases I and II), and integration indicators such as the Air Resource Co-Benefit Model of air pollutants, greenhouse gases, and PAHs reduction was established for the cost-benefit analysis of the reduction scenarios. This study not only established Taiwan's PAHs dynamic multimedia transmission model successfully but also performed a reduction scenario on the steel industry. In the year 2025, the total costs for cases I and II will be USD 690 and USD 694 million per year, respectively, and the total benefits will be USD 492 and 1669 million per year, respectively. Therefore, case II is preferable to case I in terms of benefit ratio (2.40 vs. 2.35, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Chen
- Institute of Environment Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
| | - Chao-Heng Tseng
- Institute of Environment Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Jen Tseng
- Institute of Environment Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
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Said TO, Idris AM, Sahlabji T. Combining relationship indices, human risk indices, multivariate statistical analysis and international guidelines for assessing the residue levels of USEPA-PAHs in seafood. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2018.1481114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tarek O. Said
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Kayet Bay, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abubakr M. Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taher Sahlabji
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Oliveira M, Gomes F, Torrinha Á, Ramalhosa MJ, Delerue-Matos C, Morais S. Commercial octopus species from different geographical origins: Levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and potential health risks for consumers. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 121:272-282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ekhator OC, Udowelle NA, Igbiri S, Asomugha RN, Frazzoli C, Orisakwe OE. Street foods exacerbate effects of the environmental burden of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:5529-5538. [PMID: 29218577 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0894-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a large group of well-known toxicants with carcinogenic potential and other health effects including on the immune system. The high health risks of non-communicable diseases and relevant comorbidities in Africa, particularly in contaminated areas like e-waste and crude oil and gas exploration areas and for high consumers of food commodity groupings which are most critical for PAH exposure, are exacerbated by dietary exposure due to unsafe practices in commonly consumed foods, like those street vended.In February 2016, 20 commonly consumed street foods were purchased directly from vendors at major bus stops in Benin City and Umunede in Nigeria. The concentration of 16 priority PAHs was determined. The dietary intake of B[a]P, ∑PAH, PAH4, PAH8, and ∑B(a)Peq was estimated for children, peripubertal children/adolescent, and adult using the total diet study (TDS) method. Among the analyzed PAHs, there was a predominance of chrysene (17.42 μg/kg). Roasted yam (14.15 μg/kg) and fried fish (1.40 μg/kg) had the highest levels of ∑PAH and B[a]P, respectively. The mean concentration of B[a]P, ∑PAH, PAH4, PAH8, and ∑B(a)Peq ranged from 0.65-1.40 μg/kg, 0.20-14.15 μg/kg, 0.43-5.22 μg/kg, 0.13-7.88 μg/kg, and 0.002-2.123 μg/kg, respectively. The mean concentration of B[a]P and PAH4 reported in this study was below the maximum allowable levels of 5 and 12 μg/kg for adults and above the maximum levels for young children set at 1.0 μg/kg for both B[a]P and PAH4 in food. The estimated dietary intake of B[a]P, ∑PAH, PAH4, PAH8, and ∑B(a)Peq for adult, adolescent, and children was 0.56, 0.37, and 0.31 μg/day; 17.6, 10.7, and 8.81 μg/day; 5.78, 4.01, and 3.26 μg/day; 9.22, 6.19, and 5.09 μg/day; and 1.72, 0.97, and 0.82 μg/day, respectively.Street foods represent one important source of PAHs. The exposure occurring through street food compounds with that from home-made foods, environmental pollution, and lifestyle (tobacco smoke) is making up an aggregate daily exposure in the general population.The incremental lifetime cancer risk for adults and children from the consumption of street food was 7.6 × 10-8 and 2.1 × 10-8, respectively. Along with initiatives to manage environmental contamination and promote healthier lifestyle, people should be empowered on healthy cooking practices and safe food cookery environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osazuwa Clinton Ekhator
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Nnaemeka Arinze Udowelle
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Sorbari Igbiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Rose Ngozi Asomugha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Chiara Frazzoli
- Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic and Aging-Associated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, via Giano della Bella 34, 00162, Rome, Italy.
| | - Orish Ebere Orisakwe
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
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Bansal V, Kumar P, Kwon EE, Kim KH. Review of the quantification techniques for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in food products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:3297-3312. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1116970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasudha Bansal
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Knowledge City, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eilhann E. Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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25
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Effiong IA, Bassey FI, Iwegbue CMA, Ekpa OD, Williams SA, Oguntunde FC, Osabor VN, Martincigh BS. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in three commercially available fish species from the Bonny and Cross River estuaries in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:508. [PMID: 27497961 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5479-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations and compositional patterns of the USEPA 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were investigated in three commercially available fish species, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, Cynoglossus senegalensis and Polydactylus quadratifilis, from the Bonny and Cross River systems in the eastern Niger Delta of Nigeria. The objective of the study was to provide useful information on the levels and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the associated risks with their consumption. The 16 PAHs in the fish samples were extracted by ultrasonication with hexane/dichloromethane, and the concentrations of PAHs in the extracts were quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The measured concentrations of the Ʃ16 PAHs in Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, Polydactylus quadratifilis and Cynoglossus senegalensis ranged from 106 to 491, from 43.1 to 1734 and from 96.4 to 937 μg kg(-1) in the Bonny River system and from 20.0 to 975, from 24.7 to 506 and from 24.9 to 387 μg kg(-1) in the Cross River system, respectively. The compositional patterns of the PAHs showed that the three- and four-ringed PAHs were the major contributors to the PAH burden in these fish species. The diagnostic ratios indicate that the PAHs in these fish samples originated mainly from combustion processes. The health risk assessment, as determined from the benzo[a]pyrene potency equivalent factor, margin of exposure and incremental lifetime cancer risk, indicates that PAHs in the majority of these fish species can induce potential carcinogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imabong A Effiong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Cross-Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Francisca I Bassey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Cross-Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Chukwujindu M A Iwegbue
- Metals and Trace Organics Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria.
| | - Okon D Ekpa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Cross-Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Sunday A Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Cross-Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Fehintola C Oguntunde
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Cross-Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Vincent N Osabor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Cross-Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Bice S Martincigh
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
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26
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Jin X, Lee HK, Badejo AC, Lee SY, Shen A, Lee S, Jeong Y, Choi M, Moon HB. Decline in sediment contamination by persistent toxic substances from the outfall of wastewater treatment plant: Effectiveness of legislative actions in Korea. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 153:426-435. [PMID: 27031806 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Legacy and new persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in sediments near a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) outfall in a semi-enclosed bay, to investigate the current contamination and temporal changes in these contaminants associated with regulation activities in Korea. The concentrations of most of the POPs showed clear decreasing trends with an increase in the distance from the WWTP outfall, indicating that the WWTP discharges greatly contributed to the sediment contamination by POPs. Highly significant correlations were found for most of the POPs, indicating a common source for sediment contamination. Significant declines were found in the concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and PAHs in the sediments collected between 2005 and 2013. This result suggested that legislative actions (regulation of the PCDD/Fs in flue gas, total pollution load management, and whole effluent toxicity for WWTP discharges) and change of fuels, were likely to be effective at reducing the POP and PAH levels in sediments during the past several years. The different compositional profiles of the PCDD/Fs and PAHs between 2005 and 2013 implied changes in and/or additional sources of these contaminants. Despite a decline in the PCDD/Fs over time, the present levels of PCDD/Fs in the sediment exceeded some of the sediment quality guidelines suggested by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzi Jin
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Lee
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Abimbola C Badejo
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yoon Lee
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Aihua Shen
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunggyu Lee
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunsun Jeong
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyu Choi
- Marine Environment Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea.
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Shi J, Zheng GJS, Wong MH, Liang H, Li Y, Wu Y, Li P, Liu W. Health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons via fish consumption in Haimen bay (China), downstream of an e-waste recycling site (Guiyu). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 147:233-240. [PMID: 26897061 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Guiyu, China has been one of the largest e-waste recycling sites of the world for more than 20 years. Abundant data show that local dwellers there suffered from severe health risks from e-waste contaminants. In this study, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were used as candidates to test the contamination levels and their possible adverse effects on residents in Haimen Bay, the estuary of Lian River (less than 30km from Guiyu), which has been totally neglected. The concentrations of 16PAHs were determined in collected marine fish with a median ΣPAH concentration of 1478ng/g (wet weight), and the contamination may be mainly influenced by Lian River runoff, specifically from Guiyu. The lifetime excess cancer risk for local dwellers was much higher than the serious risk level (10(-4)). More seriously, outflows of PAHs from the e-waste recycling site (Guiyu) seemed to exert health risks of a much larger scale of population downstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchun Shi
- Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P.R. China
| | - Gene Jin-Shu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Hung Wong
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, Institute of Education, Tai Po, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Hong Liang
- Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P.R. China
| | - Yuelin Li
- Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P.R. China
| | - Yinglin Wu
- Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P.R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P.R. China
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P.R. China.
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28
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Bansal V, Kim KH. Review of PAH contamination in food products and their health hazards. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 84:26-38. [PMID: 26203892 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Public concern over the deleterious effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has grown rapidly due to recognition of their toxicity, carcinogenicity, and teratogenicity. The aim of this review is to describe the status of PAH pollution among different food types, the route of dietary intake, measures for its reduction, and legislative approaches to control PAH. To this end, a comprehensive review is outlined to evaluate the status of PAH contamination in many important food categories along with dietary recommendations. Our discussion is also extended to describe preventive measures to reduce PAH in food products to help reduce the risks associated with human intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudha Bansal
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Domingo JL, Nadal M. Human dietary exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: A review of the scientific literature. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 86:144-53. [PMID: 26456806 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of over 200 different organic compounds that are mainly formed as the result of pyrolytic processes. For the general population, a number of studies have shown that, as for other environmental organic contaminants, the major route of exposure to PAHs is through food consumption. In this paper, the scientific literature concerning the concentrations of PAHs in food and the human dietary intake of these compounds, is reviewed. Unexpectedly, we have detected a considerable lack of scientific papers for countries such as Australia, Canada, Germany, or Japan, among many others, which seems rather unusual given the important scientific and social interest on the knowledge of the health risks of human exposure to environmental pollutants. The data from countries for which the human dietary intake of PAHs is available, show important differences among them, which would be explained by a number of factors, being probably the most important, the different methodologies used in the respective surveys. Regarding the influence of cooking on the levels of PAHs in foodstuffs, and the consequent intake, we conclude that it depends, not only on the particular cooking process, but even more on the specific characteristics of the respective food items.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Martí Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
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30
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Yu Y, Li Q, Wang H, Wang B, Wang X, Ren A, Tao S. Risk of human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: A case study in Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 205:70-7. [PMID: 26017113 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can cause adverse effects on human health. The relative contributions of their two major intake routes (diet and inhalation) to population PAH exposure are still unclear. We modeled the contributions of diet and inhalation to the overall PAH exposure of the population of Beijing in China, and assessed their human incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCR) using a Mont Carlo simulation approach. The results showed that diet accounted for about 85% of low-molecular-weight PAH (L-PAH) exposure, while inhalation accounted for approximately 57% of high-molecular-weight PAH (H-PAH) exposure of the Beijing population. Meat and cereals were the main contributors to dietary PAH exposure. Both gaseous- and particulate-phase PAHs contributed to L-PAH exposure through inhalation, whereas exposure to H-PAHs was mostly from the particulate-phase. To reduce the cancer incidence of the Beijing population, more attention should be given to inhaled particulate-phase PAHs with considerable carcinogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Yu
- College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive & Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Xilong Wang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Aiguo Ren
- Institute of Reproductive & Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Shu Tao
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
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31
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Lei B, Zhang K, An J, Zhang X, Yu Y. Human health risk assessment of multiple contaminants due to consumption of animal-based foods available in the markets of Shanghai, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:4434-4446. [PMID: 25315930 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3683-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To assess the health risks due to food consumption, the human daily intake and uptake of organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and toxic trace elements (mercury, chromium, cadmium, lead, and arsenic) were estimated based on the animal-based foods collected from markets in Shanghai, China. The estimated daily intake and uptake considering the contaminant bioaccessibility via single food consumption were 9.4-399 and 4.2-282 ng/kg body weight/day for adults, and 10.8-458 and 4.8-323 ng/kg body weight/day for children, respectively. These values were 0.2-104 and 0.05-58.1, and 0.2-119 and 0.06-66.6 ng/kg body weight/day via multiple food consumption for adults and children, respectively. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency risk assessment method, the non-cancer and cancer health risks posed by the contaminants were estimated using the hazard quotient and the lifetime cancer risk method, respectively. The results showed that the combined hazard quotient values for multiple contaminants via single or multiple food consumption were below 1, suggesting that the residents in Shanghai would not experience a significant non-cancer health risk. Among the contaminants investigated, the potential non-cancer risk of methylmercury was highest. However, the combined cancer risk posed by multiple contaminants in most foods exceeded the accepted risk level of 10(-6), and inorganic arsenic was the main contributor. The risks caused by polybrominated diphenyl ethers for cancer and non-cancer effects were negligible. The cancer risk of inorganic arsenic is a matter of concern in animal-based foods from Shanghai markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingli Lei
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Rd 333, Baoshan District, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
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32
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Iwegbue CMA, Tesi GO, Overah LC, Bassey FI, Nwadukwe FO, Martincigh BS. Concentrations and profiles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in some popular fish species in Nigeria. J Food Prot 2015; 78:554-60. [PMID: 25719880 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The concentrations and profiles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 10 popular fish species in the Nigerian market were determined with a view to providing information on the health hazards associated with the consumption of these fish species. The concentrations of PAHs were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after extraction by ultrasonication with acetone-dichloromethane and clean up. The concentration ranges of the Σ16 PAHs were 20 to 39.6 μg kg(-1) for Parachanna obscura (African snake head), 6.8 to 532.3 μg kg(-1) for Oreochromis niloticus (tilapia), 7.4 to 91.1 μg kg(-1) for Gymnarchus niloticus (Asa), 13.1 to 34.1 μg kg(-1) for Sebastes fasciatus (red fish), 11.2 to 80.0 μg kg(-1) for Gadus morhua (cod), 23.9 to 34.6 μg kg(-1) for Chrysicthys nigrodigitatus (silver cat fish), 63.4 to 131.4 μg kg(-1) for Sardinella aurita (sardine), 22 to 52.9 μg kg(-1) for Trachurus trachurus (Atlantic horse mackerel), 21.0 to 63.7 μg kg(-1) for Scomber scombrus (mackerel), and 27.7 to 44.5 μg kg(-1) for Pseudotolithus senegalensis (croaker). Benzo[a]pyrene occurred in 23% of these fish samples at concentrations above the European Union permissible limit of 2.0 μg kg(-1). The calculated margins of exposure based on the indicators for occurrence and effects of PAHs were greater than 10,000 indicating no potential risk for the consumers of the species evaluated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwujindu M A Iwegbue
- Metals and Trace Organics Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria; School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
| | - Godswill O Tesi
- Metals and Trace Organics Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Loretta C Overah
- Metals and Trace Organics Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria; School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Francisca I Bassey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross-Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Frank O Nwadukwe
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Bice S Martincigh
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
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Kanhai LDK, Gobin JF, Beckles DM, Lauckner B, Mohammed A. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Crassostrea rhizophorae and Cathorops spixii from the Caroni Swamp, Trinidad, West Indies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:1366-1379. [PMID: 25142345 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3450-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Dietary exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may pose serious threats to human health. However, within the Caribbean, quantitative assessments regarding the risks associated with dietary PAH exposure remain sparse. This study investigated PAH presence in edible biota from the Caroni Swamp and quantitatively assessed the potential health threat to human consumers. Mangrove oysters (Crassostrea rhizophorae) and Madamango sea catfish (Cathorops spixii) collected from seven sites in the Caroni Swamp were analysed for 16 priority PAHs. Total PAH levels ranged from 109 ± 18.4 to 362 ± 63.0 ng/g dry wt. in Crassostrea rhizophorae and 7.5 ± 0.9 to 43.5 ± 25.5 ng/g dry wt. in Cathorops spixii (average ± standard deviation). Benzo[a]pyrene levels in Crassostrea rhizophorae at all sites exceeded international guidelines from British Colombia (Canada) and the European Union (EU). Incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) values based on the ingestion of Crassostrea rhizophorae ranged from 8.4 × 10(-6) to 1.6 × 10(-5) and slightly exceeded the commonly used 1 × 10(-6) acceptable level of risk. Information from this study is important in understanding the potential health risks posed by PAHs, it is critical towards the protection of public health, and it serves as a useful baseline for comparison with future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- La Daana K Kanhai
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago,
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Lacroix C, Le Cuff N, Receveur J, Moraga D, Auffret M, Guyomarch J. Development of an innovative and “green” stir bar sorptive extraction–thermal desorption–gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for quantification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine biota. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1349:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Development of a one-step integrated pressurized liquid extraction and cleanup method for determining polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine sediments. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1340:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Bandowe BAM, Bigalke M, Boamah L, Nyarko E, Saalia FK, Wilcke W. Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs and oxygenated PAHs) and trace metals in fish species from Ghana (West Africa): bioaccumulation and health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 65:135-46. [PMID: 24486971 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the concentrations of 28 PAHs, 15 oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs) and 11 trace metals/metalloids (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn) in muscle and gut+gill tissues of demersal fishes (Drapane africana, Cynoglossus senegalensis and Pomadasys peroteti) from three locations along the coast of the Gulf of Guinea (Ghana). The concentrations of ∑28PAHs in muscle tissues averaged 192ngg(-1) dw (range: 71-481ngg(-1) dw) and were not statistically different between locations. The concentrations of ∑28 PAHs were higher in guts+gills than in muscles. The PAH composition pattern was dominated by low molecular weight compounds (naphthalene, alkyl-naphthalenes and phenanthrene). All fish tissues had benzo[a]pyrene concentrations lower than the EU limit for food safety. Excess cancer risk from consumption of some fish was higher than the guideline value of 1×10(-6). The concentrations of ∑15 OPAHs in fish muscles averaged 422ngg(-1) dw (range: 28-1715ngg(-1)dw). The ∑15 OPAHs/∑16 US-EPA PAHs concentration ratio was >1 in 68% of the fish muscles and 100% of guts+gills. The log-transformed concentrations of PAHs and OPAHs in muscles, guts+gills were significantly (p<0.05) correlated with their octanol-water partitioning coefficients, strongly suggesting that equilibrium partitioning from water/sediment into fish tissue was the main mechanism of bioaccumulation. The trace metal concentrations in the fish tissues were in the medium range when compared to fish from other parts of the world. The concentrations of some trace metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) were higher in guts+gills than in muscle tissues. The target hazard quotients for metals were<1 and did not indicate a danger to the local population. We conclude that the health risk arising from the consumption of the studied fish (due to their PAHs and trace metals content) is minimal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moritz Bigalke
- Geographic Institute, University of Berne, Hallerstrasse 12, 3012 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Linda Boamah
- Institute for Environment and Sanitation Studies, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 209, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Elvis Nyarko
- Department of Marine and Fisheries Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 99, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Firibu Kwesi Saalia
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 134, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Wolfgang Wilcke
- Geographic Institute, University of Berne, Hallerstrasse 12, 3012 Berne, Switzerland
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Gomes F, Oliveira M, Ramalhosa MJ, Delerue-Matos C, Morais S. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in commercial squids from different geographical origins: Levels and risks for human consumption. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:46-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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38
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Yakan SD, Henkelmann B, Schramm KW, Okay OS. Bioaccumulation-depuration kinetics and effects of phenanthrene on Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2013; 48:1037-1046. [PMID: 23573924 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2013.773799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Mediterranean mussel species, Mytilus galloprovincialis, were exposed to phenanthrene (PHE) due to its ubiquitousness and bioavailability in the aquatic environment. Kinetic parameters of the PHE bioaccumulation and depuration were calculated for an 11-day uptake and subsequent 11-day depuration periods. Those values of kinetic rate constants for uptake and depuration of PHE were calculated as varying between 93-177 and 0.18-0.25, respectively. Negative correlation was observed between the PHE concentrations and kinetic rate constants. Bioaccumulation Factors (BAFs) for the mussels exposed to different PHE concentrations were calculated from both kinetic rate constants and from the experimental data and found between 509-701 and 441-658, respectively. Experimental quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) values for PHE were found comparable to the calculated QSARs reported in literature. Two sub-lethal biomarker methods (filtration rate and lysosomal stability) were applied to observe the responses of the mussels throughout the experimental period. Results of both biomarkers show that PHE negatively affects mussels during the uptake of PHE, and mussels were able to recover physiologically at the end of depuration period according to the filtration rate results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevil D Yakan
- Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Various Species of Fishes from Mumbai Harbour, India, and Their Dietary Intake Concentration to Human. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1155/2012/645178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants which have caused worldwide concerns as toxic pollutant. This study reports the concentrations of 15 PAHs in 5 species of fish samples collected along the harbour line, Mumbai, between 2006 and 2008. Among 5 species of fish investigated, Mandeli, Coilia dussimieri, detected the maximum concentration of PAHs (P<0.05) followed by Doma, Otolithes ruber. The concentration of total and carcinogenic PAHs ranged from 17.43 to 70.44 ng/g wet wt. and 9.49 to 31.23 ng/g wet wt, respectively, among the species tested. The lower-molecular-weight PAHs were detected at highest levels. Estimated intakes of PAHs by fish consumption for the general population were ranged between 1.77 and 10.70 ng/kg body weight/day. Mandeli contributed to the highest intakes of PAHs. The toxic equivalents (TEQs) of PAHs were calculated using a TEQ proposed in literature, and the intake ranged from 8.39 to 15.78 pg TEQ/kg body weight/d. The estimated excess cancer risk value (2.37×10−7–1.43×10−6) from fish consumption for the general population exceeded the guideline value (1.0 × 10−6) for potential cancer risk.
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40
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Moon HB, An YR, Choi SG, Choi M, Choi HG. Accumulation of PAHs and synthetic musk compound in minke whales (Balanoptera acutorostrata) and long-beaked common dolphins (Delphinus capensis) from Korean coastal waters. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2012; 31:477-485. [PMID: 22139736 DOI: 10.1002/etc.1710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Information on the occurrence and accumulation profiles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and synthetic musk compounds (SMCs) in marine mammals is scarce. In the present study, we recorded the concentrations and profiles of PAHs and SMCs in liver tissue and blubber from minke whales and common dolphins from Korean coastal waters. The overall concentrations of PAHs and SMCs in blubber from both cetacean species were approximately three to five times higher than those in liver tissues. Residue levels of PAHs were lower, whereas levels of SMCs were relatively higher than those reported in other studies. Lack of species- and sex-dependent differences in the concentrations of PAHs and SMCs were found. Naphthalene and 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta-r-2-benzopyran (HHCB) were predominant compounds in all the samples for PAHs and SMCs, respectively. The concentrations of PAHs and SMCs were significantly correlated with each other, but were not correlated with body size of cetaceans. The present data provide valuable information on the exposure of Korean cetaceans to PAHs and SMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Environmental Marine Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea.
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Choi M, Moon HB, Choi HG. Intake and potential health risk of butyltin compounds from seafood consumption in Korea. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2012; 62:333-340. [PMID: 21674223 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-011-9688-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of butyltin compounds (BTs) were determined in 47 species of seafood commonly consumed in Korea to investigate intakes of BTs from seafood consumption and the potential health risks to the Korean population. The concentrations of BTs (the sum of dibutyltin and tributyltin) in seafood ranged from less than the limit of detection to 96.3 ng/g wet weight, which are levels similar to those reported for other countries. The intake of BTs from seafood consumption by the general population was estimated to be 17.2 ng/kg body weight/day. Fish accounted for 50% of the total intakes of BT, and the next contributor was cephalopods (26%). The estimated intakes for males and females were 18.6 and 15.7 ng/ kg body weight/day, respectively. Among the age groups investigated, children (<2 years and 3-6 years) had higher intakes of BTs compared with adults. The estimated intake of BTs for Korean population groups was 5-8% of the tolerable daily intake of 250 ng/ kg body weight/day set by the European Food Safety Authority. Our results suggest that the Korean population is not expected to exceed the threshold value for adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyu Choi
- Marine Environment Research Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI), 152-1, Haean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea.
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Moon HB, Lee DH, Lee YS, Kannan K. Occurrence and accumulation patterns of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and synthetic musk compounds in adipose tissues of Korean females. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 86:485-490. [PMID: 22055311 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Very few studies have reported on the occurrence and accumulation profiles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and synthetic musk compounds (SMCs) in human adipose tissue. In this study, concentrations of PAHs and SMCs in adipose tissues collected from Korean women in 2007 and 2008 were determined. Total concentrations of PAHs and SMCs in adipose tissues ranged from 15 to 361 (mean: 119) ngg(-1) lipid weight and from 38 to 253 (mean: 106) ngg(-1) lipid weight, respectively. Concentrations of SMCs in Korean adipose tissues were lower than those reported for European countries and the United States. Naphthalene was the most predominant PAH and HHCB was the dominant SMC found in adipose tissues. The concentrations of PAHs and SMCs were not correlated with each other, suggesting that the sources of human exposure to these two classes of compounds are different. No correlation was found between donor's age and residue levels of PAHs and SMCs. The results of this study provide baseline information on exposure of PAHs and SMCs to the general population in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Environmental Marine Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea.
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Moon HB, An YR, Park KJ, Choi SG, Moon DY, Choi M, Choi HG. Occurrence and accumulation features of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and synthetic musk compounds in finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides) from Korean coastal waters. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2011; 62:1963-1968. [PMID: 21784494 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Reports of the occurrence and accumulation patterns of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and synthetic musk compounds (SMCs) in marine mammals are scarce. In this study, the concentrations and accumulation profiles of PAHs and SMCs were determined in blubber from finless porpoises in Korean coastal waters. Total concentrations of PAHs and SMCs ranged from 6.0 to 432 (mean: 160) ng/g lipid weight and from 17 to 144 (mean: 52) ng/g lipid weight, respectively. Residue levels of PAHs were lower than those reported from other studies, while residue levels of SMCs were relatively higher than those reported in other studies. Naphthalene was the most abundant PAH and HHCB was the dominant SMC observed in finless porpoises. The concentrations of PAHs and SMCs were not correlated with each other, but were significantly correlated within the same chemical groups. No correlations were found between body size and residue levels of PAHs and SMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Environmental Marine Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea.
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Moon HB, Kim SJ, Park H, Jung YS, Lee S, Kim YH, Choi M. Exposure assessment for methyl and total mercury from seafood consumption in Korea, 2005 to 2008. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 13:2400-5. [PMID: 21847486 DOI: 10.1039/c1em10504c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reports on the occurrence and intake assessment of mercury for Korean seafood are currently not available. This is the first report to estimate the intake of methyl (Me-Hg) and total mercury (T-Hg) from seafood consumption in Korea. The concentrations of Me-Hg and T-Hg in seafood ranged from 1.02 to 780 (mean: 55.6) ng g(-1) wet weight and 4.89 to 1008 (mean: 100) ng g(-1) wet weight, respectively. The residue levels of Me-Hg and T-Hg in Korean seafood were moderate compared with those found in other countries. The methylation ratios of fish, cephalopods and crustaceans were similar, but shellfish had lower values compared with other species. The intakes of Me-Hg and T-Hg from seafood consumption for the general population were estimated to be 38.8 and 73.8 ng kg(-1) body weight per day, respectively. Mackerel, tuna and squid made the highest contributions to the total intake of these contaminants. Among eight age groups, 30-49 year and 3-6 year age groups had the highest exposure to Me-Hg and T-Hg. The concentrations and intakes of Me-Hg and T-Hg from Korean seafood were less than the allowable residue levels and threshold intake levels suggested by Korean and international authorities. The present study may be useful for risk management of mercury in Korean seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Bang Moon
- Marine Environment Analysis Laboratory (MEAL), Department of Environmental Marine Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, Republic of Korea.
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New tools to assess toxicity, bioaccessibility and uptake of chemical contaminants in meat and seafood. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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