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López-Ortiz M, Bolzonello L, Bruschi M, Fresch E, Collini E, Hu C, Croce R, van Hulst NF, Gorostiza P. Photoelectrochemical Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy (PEC2DES) of Photosystem I: Charge Separation Dynamics Hidden in a Multichromophoric Landscape. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39121384 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
We present a nonlinear spectroelectrochemical technique to investigate photosynthetic protein complexes. The PEC2DES setup combines photoelectrochemical detection (PEC) that selectively probes the protein photogenerated charges output with two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) excitation that spreads the nonlinear optical response of the system in an excitation-detection map. PEC allows us to distinguish the contribution of charge separation (CS) from other de-excitation pathways, whereas 2DES allows us to disentangle congested spectral bands and evaluate the exciton dynamics (decays and coherences) of the photosystem complex. We have developed in operando phase-modulated 2DES by measuring the photoelectrochemical reaction rate in a biohybrid electrode functionalized with a plant photosystem complex I-light harvesting complex I (PSI-LHCI) layer. Optimizing the photoelectrochemical current signal yields reliable linear spectra unequivocally associated with PSI-LHCI. The 2DES signal is validated by nonlinear features like the characteristic vibrational coherence at 750 cm-1. However, no energy transfer dynamics is observed within the 450 fs experimental window. These intriguing results are discussed in the context of incoherent mixing resulting in reduced nonlinear contrast for multichromophoric complexes, such as the 160 chlorophyll PSI. The presented PEC2DES method identifies generated charges unlike purely optical 2DES and opens the way to probe the CS channel in multichromophoric complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel López-Ortiz
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Luca Bolzonello
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona 08860, Spain
| | - Matteo Bruschi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Elisa Fresch
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Collini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Chen Hu
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, Amsterdam, HV 1081, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Croce
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, Amsterdam, HV 1081, The Netherlands
| | - Niek F van Hulst
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona 08860, Spain
- ICREA - Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Pau Gorostiza
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- ICREA - Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona 08010, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Barcelona 08028, Spain
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Fayaz T, Rana SS, Goyal E, Ratha SK, Renuka N. Harnessing the potential of microalgae-based systems for mitigating pesticide pollution and its impact on their metabolism. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 357:120723. [PMID: 38565028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Due to increased pesticide usage in agriculture, a significant concentration of pesticides is reported in the environment that can directly impact humans, aquatic flora, and fauna. Utilizing microalgae-based systems for pesticide removal is becoming more popular because of their environmentally friendly nature, ability to degrade pesticide molecules into simpler, nontoxic molecules, and cost-effectiveness of the technology. Thus, this review focused on the efficiency, mechanisms, and factors governing pesticide removal using microalgae-based systems and their effect on microalgal metabolism. A wide range of pesticides, like atrazine, cypermethrin, malathion, trichlorfon, thiacloprid, etc., can be effectively removed by different microalgal strains. Some species of Chlorella, Chlamydomonas, Scenedesmus, Nostoc, etc., are documented for >90% removal of different pesticides, mainly through the biodegradation mechanism. The antioxidant enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, as well as the complex structure of microalgae cell walls, are mainly involved in eliminating pesticides and are also crucial for the defense mechanism of microalgae against reactive oxygen species. However, higher pesticide concentrations may alter the biochemical composition and gene expression associated with microalgal growth and metabolism, which may vary depending on the type of strain, the pesticide type, and the concentration. The final section of this review discussed the challenges and prospects of how microalgae can become a successful tool to remediate pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tufail Fayaz
- Algal Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Soujanya S Rana
- Algal Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Esha Goyal
- Algal Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Sachitra Kumar Ratha
- Algology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Nirmal Renuka
- Algal Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India.
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Bai F, Gao G, Li T, Liu J, Li L, Jia Y, Song L. Integrated physiological and metabolomic analysis reveals new insights into toxicity pathways of paraquat to Microcystis aeruginosa. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 259:106521. [PMID: 37061422 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Chemical pollutants, such as herbicides, released into the aquatic environment adversely affect the phytoplankton community structure. While majority of herbicides are specifically designed to target photosynthetic processes, they also can be toxic to phytoplankton; however, despite the photosynthetic toxicity, some herbicides can target multiple physiological processes. Therefore, a full picture of toxicity pathway of herbicide to phytoplankton is necessary. In the present study, the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa was exposed to two levels (17 μg L-1 (EC10) and 65 μg L-1 (EC50)) of paraquat for 72 h. The physiological and metabolic responses were analyzed to elucidate the toxicity pathway and establish the adverse outcome pathway of paraquat to M. aeruginosa. The results revealed that enhanced glycolysis (upregulation of pyruvic acid level) and tricarboxylic acid cycle (upregulation of the levels of malic acid, isocitric acid and citric acid) exposed to EC10 level of paraquat, which probably acted as a temporary strategy to maintain a healthy energy status in M. aeruginosa cells. Meanwhile, the expressions of glutathione and benzoic acid were enhanced to scavenge the excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, the accumulation of pigments (chlorophyll a and carotenoid) might play a supplementary role in the acclimation to EC10 level paraquat treatment. In cells exposed to paraquat by EC50 level, the levels of SOD, CAT, glutathione and benzoic acid increased significantly; however, the ROS exceeded the tolerance level of antioxidant system in M. aeruginosa. The adverse effects were revealed by inhibition of chlorophyll a fluorescence, the decreases in several carbohydrates (e.g., glucose 1-phosphate, fructose and galactose) and total protein content. Consequently, paraquat-induced oxidative stress caused the growth inhibition of M. aeruginosa. These findings provide new insights into the mode of action of paraquat in M. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Guangbin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Tianli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yunlu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Lirong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
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Naaz H, Yasin D, Afzal B, Sami N, Khan NJ, Fatma T. Exogenous salicylic acid mediated herbicide (Paraquat) resistance in cyanobacterial biofertilizer Microchaete sp. NCCU-342. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:25069-25079. [PMID: 34286430 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15378-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Paddy field farming remains the dominant form of growing rice in modern times as the rice is the staple food for over half the world's population and is closely associated with food security and political stability of many countries. Record increase in rice production have been observed since the start of the Green Revolution. India is one of the largest paddy producer and exporter in the world. However, constant use of chemical herbicide like paraquat had shown adverse impact on the rice yield. Non-target organisms of the habitat including cyanobacterial paddy biofertilizer face the herbicide toxicity and are unable to perform efficiently their role as biofertilizer. Therefore, in the present study, an attempt has been made to enhance the paraquat resistance in rice biofertilizer (Microchaete sp. NCCU-342) by exogenous addition of salicylic acid. Paraquat showed toxicity in Microchaete sp. NCCU-342 in a dose-dependent manner. Concentration of paraquat >1.0 μM exhibited lethal effect since the beginning. Through successive narrow range experiment, LD50 value of paraquat was obtained as 0.6 μM. Biomass exposed to paraquat (LD50 value) and salicylic acid (0.3 mM) showed mitigation in free radical production (2.20 % MDA and 1.69 % H2O2) and enhancement in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes activity, i.e. SOD, CAT, APX (137.76 %, 87.45 %, 118 %, respectively) and osmolytes (3.8 % proline and 21.51% sucrose). Thus, for sustainable agricultural practice, especially for paddy field cyanobacterial biofertilizer, application of salicylic acid or organism with higher salicylic acid production ability may be an alternative to overcome the paraquat toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleema Naaz
- Cyanobacterial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Durdana Yasin
- Cyanobacterial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Bushra Afzal
- Cyanobacterial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Neha Sami
- Cyanobacterial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Nida Jamil Khan
- Cyanobacterial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Tasneem Fatma
- Cyanobacterial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
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Afzal B, Naaz H, Sami N, Yasin D, Khan NJ, Fatma T. Mitigative effect of biosynthesized SeNPs on cyanobacteria under paraquat toxicity. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 293:133562. [PMID: 35026202 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Increasing population has resulted in increased food demand. Pesticides like paraquat (PQ) have been used indiscriminately to increase the growth and yield of crops. However, this has adversely affected a wide spectrum of non-target organisms like cyanobacteria that are used as a bio-fertilizer in the rice field. In the present study, biogenic- Gloeocaspa gelatinosa NCCU -430 mediated selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were synthesized and characterized using different techniques including UV-Visible spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, TEM and SEM-EDX for their use as PQ toxicity mitigator in cyanobacterial biofertilizer (Anabaena variabilis NCCU-442). Therefore, a comparative study was performed among control, PQ, SeNPs and SeNPs+PQ to check the efficacy of SeNPs in mitigation of PQ induced toxicity. Supplementation of SeNPs in PQ treated culture enhanced antioxidant enzymes activity i.e., SOD (7.55%), CAT (57.94%), APX (17.45%) and GR (14.72%) as compared to only PQ treated culture. The outcomes of the present study suggested that SeNPs can ameliorate the PQ induced stress that may be used in sustainable rice cultivation needed for filing the gap between requirement and supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Afzal
- Cyanobacterial Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar Marg, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India.
| | - Haleema Naaz
- Cyanobacterial Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar Marg, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India.
| | - Neha Sami
- Cyanobacterial Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar Marg, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India.
| | - Durdana Yasin
- Cyanobacterial Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar Marg, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India.
| | - Nida Jamil Khan
- Cyanobacterial Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar Marg, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India.
| | - Tasneem Fatma
- Cyanobacterial Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar Marg, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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Perales-Vela HV, Salcedo-Álvarez MO, Parra-Marcelo R, Gaviria-González LC, de Jesús Martínez-Roldán A. Growth and metabolic responses to methyl viologen (1,1'-dimethyl - 4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride) on Chlorella vulgaris. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 281:130750. [PMID: 34029965 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic environments are especially susceptible to being contaminated by pesticides used in agricultural fields. Methyl viologen (MV) is an herbicide with high effectiveness for the control of unwanted land plants; however, it also has a high toxicity towards the algae in the aquatic environment. The objective of this work was to describe the effect of MV on photosynthetic metabolism and its relationship with respiration, growth and the content of photosynthetic pigments of Chlorella vulgaris. The cultures of C. vulgaris were exposed for 72 h at different concentrations of methyl viologen. The results show that growth, pigment content and metabolic activity decrease as the concentration of MV increases. Analysis of the photochemical activity indicates that MV produces an inhibition of electron transport between quinone A and quinone B of photosystem II. The inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport is directly related to the reduction of metabolic activity and cell growth. The results found in this research show that methyl viologen can be a toxic pollutant for primary producers in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Virgilio Perales-Vela
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica.Unidad de Morfología y Función. Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Los Reyes Iztacala, Ave. de Los Barrios #1. Estado de México, C.P. 54090, Mexico.
| | - Martha Ofelia Salcedo-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica.Unidad de Morfología y Función. Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Los Reyes Iztacala, Ave. de Los Barrios #1. Estado de México, C.P. 54090, Mexico.
| | - Rogelio Parra-Marcelo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica.Unidad de Morfología y Función. Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Los Reyes Iztacala, Ave. de Los Barrios #1. Estado de México, C.P. 54090, Mexico.
| | - Llaraí Carolina Gaviria-González
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica.Unidad de Morfología y Función. Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Los Reyes Iztacala, Ave. de Los Barrios #1. Estado de México, C.P. 54090, Mexico.
| | - Alfredo de Jesús Martínez-Roldán
- Cátedra Conacyt, Comisionado a La Maestría en Sistemas Ambientales. TecNM/ Instituto Tecnológico de Durango. Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Bioquímica. Blvd, Felipe Pescador 1830, Nueva Vizcaya, 34080, Durango, Dgo, Mexico.
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López-Ortiz M, Zamora RA, Antinori ME, Remesh V, Hu C, Croce R, van Hulst NF, Gorostiza P. Fast Photo-Chrono-Amperometry of Photosynthetic Complexes for Biosensors and Electron Transport Studies. ACS Sens 2021; 6:581-587. [PMID: 33591733 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthetic reactions in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria are driven by photosystem I and photosystem II complexes, which specifically reduce or oxidize partner redox biomolecules. Photosynthetic complexes can also bind synthetic organic molecules, which inhibit their photoactivity and can be used both to study the electron transport chain and as herbicides and algicides. Thus, their development, characterization, and sensing bears fundamental and applied interest. Substantial efforts have been devoted to developing photosensors based on photosystem II to detect compounds that bind to the plastoquinone sites of this complex. In comparison, photosystem I based sensors have received less attention and could be used to identify novel substances displaying phytotoxic effects, including those obtained from natural product extracts. We have developed a robust procedure to functionalize gold electrodes with photo- and redox-active photosystem I complexes based on transparent gold and a thiolate self-assembled monolayer, and we have obtained reproducible electrochemical photoresponses. Chronoamperometric recordings have allowed us to measure photocurrents in the presence of the viologen derivative paraquat at concentrations below 100 nM under lock-in operation and a sensor dynamic range spanning six orders of magnitude up to 100 mM. We have modeled their time course to identify the main electrochemical processes and limiting steps in the electron transport chain. Our results allow us to isolate the contributions from photosystem I and the redox mediator, and evaluate photocurrent features (spectral and power dependence, fast transient kinetics) that could be used as a sensing signal to detect other inhibitors and modulators of photosystem I activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel López-Ortiz
- IBEC - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, the Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology. Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN - Network Biomedical Research Center in Biomaterials, Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo A. Zamora
- IBEC - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, the Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology. Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN - Network Biomedical Research Center in Biomaterials, Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Elena Antinori
- IBEC - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, the Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology. Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vikas Remesh
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chen Hu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics , Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Croce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics , Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Niek F. van Hulst
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA - Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Gorostiza
- IBEC - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, the Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology. Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN - Network Biomedical Research Center in Biomaterials, Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ICREA - Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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Thongpitak J, Pumas P, Pumas C. Paraquat Degradation by Biological Manganese Oxide (BioMnO x ) Catalyst Generated From Living Microalga Pediastrum duplex AARL G060. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:575361. [PMID: 33042090 PMCID: PMC7522373 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.575361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraquat is a non-selective fast-acting herbicide used to control weeds in agricultural crops. Many years of extensive use has caused environmental pollution and food toxicity. This agrochemical degrades slowly in nature, adsorbs onto clay lattices, and may require environmental remediation. Studies have shown that biosynthesized manganese oxide (BioMnOx) successfully degraded toxic synthetic compounds such as bis-phenol A and diclofenac, thus it has potential for paraquat degradation. In this experiment, P. duplex AARL G060 generated low (9.03 mg/L) and high (42.41 mg/L) concentrations of BioMnOx. The precipitated BioMnOx was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the elemental composition was identified as Mn and O by energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The potential for BioMnOx to act as a catalyst in the degradation of paraquat was evaluated under three treatments: (1) a negative control (deionized water), (2) living alga with low BioMnOx plus hydrogen peroxide, and (3) living alga with high BioMnOx plus hydrogen peroxide. The results indicate that BioMnOx served as a catalyst in the Fenton-like reaction that could degrade more than 50% of the paraquat within 72 h. A kinetic study indicated that paraquat degradation by Fenton-like reactions using BioMnOx as a catalyst can be described by pseudo-first and pseudo-second order models. The pH level of the BioMnOx catalyst was neutral at the end of the experiment. In conclusion, BioMnOx is a viable and environmentally friendly catalyst to accelerate degradation of paraquat and other toxic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakkapong Thongpitak
- PhD Degree Program in Environmental Science, Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pamon Pumas
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chayakorn Pumas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Research Center in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Lipid production in Dunaliella salina under autotrophic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic conditions. Biologia (Bratisl) 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-019-00336-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Middepogu A, Hou J, Gao X, Lin D. Effect and mechanism of TiO 2 nanoparticles on the photosynthesis of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 161:497-506. [PMID: 29913418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (n-TiO2) have been used in numerous applications, which results in their release into aquatic ecosystems and impact algal populations. A possible toxic mechanism of n-TiO2 on algae is via the disruption of the photosynthetic biochemical pathways, which yet remains to be demonstrated. In this study, Chlorella pyrenoidosa was exposed to different concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, 5, 10, and 20 mg/L) of a type of anatase n-TiO2, and the physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses involved in photosynthesis were investigated. The 96 h half growth inhibition concentration (IC50) of the n-TiO2 to algae was determined to be 9.1 mg/L. A variety of cellular and sub-cellular damages were observed, especially the blurry lamellar structure of thylakoids, indicating the n-TiO2 impaired the photosynthetic function of chloroplasts. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) significantly increased while the glutathione (GSH) content decreased. This implies the increased consumption of GSH by the increased intracellular oxidative stress upon n-TiO2 was insufficient to eliminate the lipid peroxidation. The contents of photosynthetic pigments, including chlorophyll a (Chl a) and phycobiliproteins (PBPs) in the exposed algal cells increased along with the up-regulation of genes encoding Chl a and photosystem II (PS II), which could be explained by a compensatory effect to overcome the toxicity induced by the n-TiO2. On the other hand, the photosynthetic activity was significantly inhibited, indicating the impairment on the photosynthesis via damaging the reaction center of PS II. In addition, lower productions of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and glucose, together with the change of gene expressions suggested that the n-TiO2 disrupted the material and energy metabolisms in the photosynthesis. These findings support a paradigm shift of the toxic mechanism of n-TiO2 from physical and oxidative damages to metabolic disturbances, and emphasize the threat to the photosynthesis of algae in contaminated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayyaraju Middepogu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie Hou
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuan Gao
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Daohui Lin
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Hasanuzzaman M, Nahar K, Alam MM, Bhuyan MB, Oku H, Fujita M. Exogenous nitric oxide pretreatment protects Brassica napus L. seedlings from paraquat toxicity through the modulation of antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 126:173-186. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Manchester LC, Coto-Montes A, Boga JA, Andersen LPH, Zhou Z, Galano A, Vriend J, Tan DX, Reiter RJ. Melatonin: an ancient molecule that makes oxygen metabolically tolerable. J Pineal Res 2015; 59:403-19. [PMID: 26272235 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 641] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is remarkably functionally diverse with actions as a free radical scavenger and antioxidant, circadian rhythm regulator, anti-inflammatory and immunoregulating molecule, and as an oncostatic agent. We hypothesize that the initial and primary function of melatonin in photosynthetic cyanobacteria, which appeared on Earth 3.5-3.2 billion years ago, was as an antioxidant. The evolution of melatonin as an antioxidant by this organism was necessary as photosynthesis is associated with the generation of toxic-free radicals. The other secondary functions of melatonin came about much later in evolution. We also surmise that mitochondria and chloroplasts may be primary sites of melatonin synthesis in all eukaryotic cells that possess these organelles. This prediction is made on the basis that mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotes developed from purple nonsulfur bacteria (which also produce melatonin) and cyanobacteria when they were engulfed by early eukaryotes. Thus, we speculate that the melatonin-synthesizing actions of the engulfed bacteria were retained when these organelles became mitochondria and chloroplasts, respectively. That mitochondria are likely sites of melatonin formation is supported by the observation that this organelle contains high levels of melatonin that are not impacted by blood melatonin concentrations. Melatonin has a remarkable array of means by which it thwarts oxidative damage. It, as well as its metabolites, is differentially effective in scavenging a variety of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species. Moreover, melatonin and its metabolites modulate a large number of antioxidative and pro-oxidative enzymes, leading to a reduction in oxidative damage. The actions of melatonin on radical metabolizing/producing enzymes may be mediated by the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway. Beyond its direct free radical scavenging and indirect antioxidant effects, melatonin has a variety of physiological and metabolic advantages that may enhance its ability to limit oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucien C Manchester
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ana Coto-Montes
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jose Antonio Boga
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Lars Peter H Andersen
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Annia Galano
- Departamento de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico DF, Mexico
| | - Jerry Vriend
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MA, Canada
| | - Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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