1
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Zhang Y, Ke Z, Xu L, Yang Y, Chang L, Zhang J. A faster killing effect of plastid-mediated RNA interference on a leaf beetle through induced dysbiosis of the gut bacteria. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024:100974. [PMID: 38751119 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The expression of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) from the plastid genome has been proven to be an effective method for controlling herbivorous pests by targeting essential insect genes. However, there are limitations to the efficiency of plastid-mediated RNA interference (PM-RNAi) due to the initial damage caused by the insects and their slow response to RNA interference. In this study, we developed transplastomic poplar plants that express dsRNAs targeting the β-Actin (dsACT) and Srp54k (dsSRP54K) genes of Plagiodera versicolora. Feeding experiments showed that transplastomic poplar plants can cause significantly higher mortality in P. versicolora larvae compared with nuclear transgenic or wild-type poplar plants. The efficient killing effect of PM-RNAi on P. versicolora larvae was found to be dependent on the presence of gut bacteria. Importantly, foliar application of a gut bacterial strain, Pseudomonas putida, will induce dysbiosis in the gut bacteria of P. versicolora larvae, leading to a significant acceleration in the speed of killing by PM-RNAi. Overall, our findings suggest that interfering with gut bacteria could be a promising strategy to enhance the effectiveness of PM-RNAi for insect pest control, offering a novel and effective approach for crop protection based on RNAi technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zebin Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Letian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Ling Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Jiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China.
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2
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Han S, Cheng Y, Wu G, He X, Zhao G. Enhancing Salt Tolerance in Poplar Seedlings through Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Symbiosis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:233. [PMID: 38256786 PMCID: PMC10820157 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Poplar (Populus spp.) is a valuable tree species with multiple applications in afforestation. However, its growth in saline areas, including coastal regions, is limited. This study aimed to investigate the physiological mechanisms of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis with 84K (P. alba × P. tremula var. glandulosa) poplar under salt stress. We conducted pot experiments using NaCl solutions of 0 mM (control), 100 mM (moderate stress), and 200 mM (severe stress) and evaluated the colonization of AMF and various physiological parameters of plants, including photosynthesis, biomass, antioxidant enzyme activity, nutrients, and ion concentration. Partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) was employed to elucidate how AMF can improve salt tolerance in poplar. The results demonstrated that AMF successfully colonized the roots of plants under salt stress, effectively alleviated water loss by increasing the transpiration rate, and significantly enhanced the biomass of poplar seedlings. Mycorrhiza reduced proline and malondialdehyde accumulation while enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, thus improving plasma membrane stability. Additionally, AMF mitigated Na+ accumulation in plants, contributing to the maintenance of a favorable ion balance. These findings highlight the effectiveness of using suitable AMF to improve conditions for economically significant tree species in salt-affected areas, thereby promoting their utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Han
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (S.H.); (Y.C.); (G.W.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yao Cheng
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (S.H.); (Y.C.); (G.W.)
| | - Guanqi Wu
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (S.H.); (Y.C.); (G.W.)
| | - Xiangwei He
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (S.H.); (Y.C.); (G.W.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guozhu Zhao
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (S.H.); (Y.C.); (G.W.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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3
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Zhao Y, Zheng X, Tabima JF, Zhu S, Søndreli KL, Hundley H, Bauer D, Barry K, Zhang Y, Schmutz J, Wang Y, LeBoldus JM, Xiong Q. Secreted Effector Proteins of Poplar Leaf Spot and Stem Canker Pathogen Sphaerulina musiva Manipulate Plant Immunity and Contribute to Virulence in Diverse Ways. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2023; 36:779-795. [PMID: 37551980 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-23-0091-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Fungal effectors play critical roles in manipulating plant immune responses and promoting colonization. Sphaerulina musiva is a heterothallic ascomycete fungus that causes Septoria leaf spot and stem canker disease in poplar (Populus spp.) plantations. This disease can result in premature defoliation, branch and stem breakage, increased mortality, and plantation failure. However, little is known about the interaction between S. musiva and poplar. Previous work predicted 142 candidate secreted effector proteins in S. musiva (SmCSEPs), 19 of which were selected for further functional characterization in this study. SmCSEP3 induced plant cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana, while 8 out of 19 tested SmCSEPs suppressed cell death. The signal peptides of these eight SmCSEPs exhibited secretory activity in a yeast signal sequence trap assay. Confocal microscopy revealed that four of these eight SmCSEPs target both the cytoplasm and the nucleus, whereas four predominantly localize to discrete punctate structures. Pathogen challenge assays in N. benthamiana demonstrated that the transient expression of six SmCSEPs promoted Fusarium proliferatum infection. The expression of these six SmCSEP genes were induced during infection. SmCSEP2, SmCSEP13, and SmCSEP25 suppressed chitin-triggered reactive oxygen species burst and callose deposition in N. benthamiana. The candidate secreted effector proteins of S. musiva target multiple compartments in the plant cell and modulate different pattern-triggered immunity pathways. [Formula: see text] The author(s) have dedicated the work to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 "No Rights Reserved" license by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinyue Zheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Javier F Tabima
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, U.S.A
- Department of Forest Engineering, Resources and Management, College of Forestry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, U.S.A
| | - Sheng Zhu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kelsey L Søndreli
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, U.S.A
| | - Hope Hundley
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, U.S.A
| | - Diane Bauer
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, U.S.A
| | - Kerrie Barry
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, U.S.A
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A
| | - Yuanchao Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jared M LeBoldus
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, U.S.A
- Department of Biology, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, U.S.A
| | - Qin Xiong
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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4
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Zhou F, Wu H, Chen Y, Wang M, Tuskan GA, Yin T. Function and molecular mechanism of a poplar placenta limited MIXTA gene in regulating differentiation of plant epidermal cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124743. [PMID: 37150377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The placenta in fruits of most plants either desiccate and shrink as the fruits mature or develop further to form the fleshy tissues. In poplars, placental epidermal cells protrude collectively to produce catkin fibers. In this study, three carpel limited MIXTA genes, PdeMIXTA02, PdeMIXTA03, PdeMIXTA04, were find to specifically expressed in carpel immediately after pollination. Heterologous expression of the three genes in Arabidopsis demonstrated that PdeMIXTA04 significantly promoted trichomes density and could restore trichomes in the trichomeless mutant. By contrast, such functions were not observed with PdeMIXTA02, PdeMIXTA03. In situ hybridization revealed that PdeMIXTA04 was explicitly expressed in poplar placental epidermal cells. We also confirmed trichome-specific expression of the PdeMIXTA04 promoter. Multiple experimental proofs have confirmed the interaction between PdeMIXTA04, PdeMYC and PdeWD40, indicating PdeMIXTA04 functioned through the MYB-bHLH-WD40 ternary complex. Our work provided distinctive understanding of the molecular mechanism triggering differentiation of poplar catkins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangwei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Biotechnology of Educational Department of China, Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Silvicultural Sciences of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Huaitong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Biotechnology of Educational Department of China, Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Silvicultural Sciences of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yingnan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Biotechnology of Educational Department of China, Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Silvicultural Sciences of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Mingxiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Biotechnology of Educational Department of China, Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Silvicultural Sciences of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Gerald A Tuskan
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Tongming Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Biotechnology of Educational Department of China, Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Silvicultural Sciences of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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5
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Dreischhoff S, Das IS, Häffner F, Wolf AM, Polle A, Kasper KH. Fast and easy bioassay for the necrotizing fungus Botrytis cinerea on poplar leaves. PLANT METHODS 2023; 19:32. [PMID: 36991511 PMCID: PMC10061990 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Necrotizing pathogens pose an immense economic and ecological threat to trees and forests, but the molecular analysis of these pathogens is still in its infancy because of lacking model systems. To close this gap, we developed a reliable bioassay for the widespread necrotic pathogen Botrytis cinerea on poplars (Populus sp.), which are established model organisms to study tree molecular biology. RESULTS Botrytis cinerea was isolated from Populus x canescens leaves. We developed an infection system using fungal agar plugs, which are easy to handle. The method does not require costly machinery and results in very high infection success and significant fungal proliferation within four days. We successfully tested the fungal plug infection on 18 poplar species from five different sections. Emerging necroses were phenotypically and anatomically examined in Populus x canescens leaves. We adapted methods for image analyses of necrotic areas. We calibrated B. cinerea DNA against Ct-values obtained by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and measured the amounts of fungal DNA in infected leaves. Increases in necrotic area and fungal DNA were strictly correlated within the first four days after inoculation. Methyl jasmonate pretreatment of poplar leaves decreased the spreading of the infection. CONCLUSIONS We provide a simple and rapid protocol to study the effects of a necrotizing pathogen on poplar leaves. The bioassay and fungal DNA quantification for Botrytis cinerea set the stage for in-depth molecular studies of immunity and resistance to a generalist necrotic pathogen in trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Dreischhoff
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ishani Shankar Das
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Felix Häffner
- Department Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research-UFZ, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Polle
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Karl Henrik Kasper
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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6
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Zeng Y, Song H, Xia L, Yang L, Zhang S. The responses of poplars to fungal pathogens: A review of the defensive pathway. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1107583. [PMID: 36875570 PMCID: PMC9978395 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1107583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Long-lived tree species need to cope with changing environments and pathogens during their lifetime. Fungal diseases cause damage to trees growth and forest nurseries. As model system for woody plants, poplars are also hosts of a large variety of fungus. The defense strategies to fungus are generally associated with the type of fungus, therefore, the defense strategies of poplar against necrotrophic and biotrophic fungus are different. Poplars initiate constitutive defenses and induced defenses based on recognition of the fungus, hormone signaling network cascades, activation of defense-related genes and transcription factors and production of phytochemicals. The means of sensing fungus invasion in poplars are similar with herbs, both of which are mediated by receptor proteins and resistance (R) proteins, leading to pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI), but poplars have evolved some unique defense mechanisms compared with Arabidopsis due to their longevity. In this paper, current researches on poplar defensive responses to necrotrophic and biotrophic fungus, which mainly include the physiological and genetic aspects, and the role of noncoding RNA (ncRNA) in fungal resistance are reviewed. This review also provides strategies to enhance poplar disease resistance and some new insights into future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haifeng Song
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Linchao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Le Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Li Q, Shen C, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Niu M, Wang HL, Lian C, Tian Q, Mao W, Wang X, Liu C, Yin W, Xia X. PePYL4 enhances drought tolerance by modulating water-use efficiency and ROS scavenging in Populus. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:102-117. [PMID: 36074523 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought is one of the major limiting factors in the growth of terrestrial plants. Abscisic acid (ABA) and pyrabactin resistance 1/prabactin resistance-1 like/regulatory components of ABA receptors (PYR/PYL/RCARs) play a key role in response to drought stress. However, the underlying mechanisms of this control remain largely elusive in trees. In this study, PePYL4, a potential ortholog of the PYR/PYL/RCARs gene, was cloned from Populus euphratica. It was localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus, induced by ABA, osmotic and dehydration treatments. To study the potential biological functions of PePYL4, transgenic triploid white poplars (Populus tomentosa 'YiXianCiZhu B38') overexpressing PePYL4 were generated. PePYL4 overexpression significantly increased ABA sensitivity and reduced stomatal aperture. Compared with wild-type plants, transgenic plants had higher water-use efficiency (WUE) and lower transpiration. When exposed to drought stress, PePYL4 overexpression plants maintained higher photosynthetic activity and accumulated more biomass. Moreover, overexpression of PePYL4 improved antioxidant enzyme activity and ascorbate content to accelerate reactive oxygen species scavenging. Meanwhile, upregulation expression of the stress-related genes also contributed to improving the drought tolerance of transgenic plants. In conclusion, our data suggest that PePYL4 is a promising gene target for regulating WUE and drought tolerance in Populus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chao Shen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yangyan Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mengxue Niu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hou-Ling Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Conglong Lian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qianqian Tian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Salver Academy of Botany, Rizhao 262305, China
| | | | - Chao Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Weilun Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinli Xia
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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8
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Movahedi A, Wei H, Kadkhodaei S, Sun W, Zhuge Q, Yang L, Xu C. CRISPR-mediated genome editing in poplar issued by efficient transformation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1159615. [PMID: 37139106 PMCID: PMC10149819 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1159615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Background CRISPR has been increasingly used for plant genetic improvements because of its high efficiency and precision. Recently, the authors have reported the possibility of homology-directed repair (HDR) using CRISPR/Cas9 through woody plants such as poplar. HDR often replaces nucleotides with one donor DNA template (DDT), including homologous sequences. Methods CRISPR-Cas9 was recruited, and three variables, Agrobacteria inoculator concentration, pDDT/pgRNA ratio, and homologous arm length, were designed to integrate nptII and 2XCamV 35S into the MKK2 promoter zone. Results Here, we showed that recovered poplars on kanamycin-supplemented media exhibited enhanced expression of MKK2 affected by the precise integration of 2XcamV 35S and nptII, improving biochemical and phenotypic properties. Our findings confirmed that Agrobacterium inoculator OD600 = 2.5, increased DDT numbers during cell division to 4:1 pDDT/pgRNA, and optimized homologous arms 700 bp caused efficient HDR and increased MKK2 expression. Conclusion Efficient transformations resulted from optimized variables, directly affecting the HDR efficiency through woody plants such as poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Movahedi
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Arts and Sciences, Arlington International University, Wilmington, DE, United States
| | - Hui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Saeid Kadkhodaei
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Isfahan Branch, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Weibo Sun
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Zhuge
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liming Yang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agricultural Product, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Chen Xu,
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9
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CRISPR-Based Genome Editing and Its Applications in Woody Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710175. [PMID: 36077571 PMCID: PMC9456532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing technology provides straightforward, proficient, and multifunctional ways for the site-directed modification of organism genomes and genes. The application of CRISPR-based technology in plants has a vast potential value in gene function research, germplasm innovation, and genetic improvement. The complexity of woody plants genome may pose significant challenges in the application and expansion of various new editing techniques, such as Cas9, 12, 13, and 14 effectors, base editing, particularly for timberland species with a long life span, huge genome, and ploidy. Therefore, many novel optimisms have been drawn to molecular breeding research based on woody plants. This review summarizes the recent development of CRISPR/Cas applications for essential traits, including wood properties, flowering, biological stress, abiotic stress, growth, and development in woody plants. We outlined the current problems and future development trends of this technology in germplasm and the improvement of products in woody plants.
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Shen C, Li Q, An Y, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, He F, Chen L, Liu C, Mao W, Wang X, Liang H, Yin W, Xia X. The transcription factor GNC optimizes nitrogen use efficiency and growth by up-regulating the expression of nitrate uptake and assimilation genes in poplar. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4778-4792. [PMID: 35526197 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved complex mechanisms to cope with the fluctuating environmental availability of nitrogen. However, potential genes modulating plant responses to nitrate are yet to be characterized. Here, a poplar GATA transcription factor gene PdGNC (GATA nitrate-inducible carbon-metabolism-involved) was found to be strongly induced by low nitrate. Overexpressing PdGNC in poplar clone 717-1B4 (P. tremula × alba) significantly improved nitrate uptake, remobilization, and assimilation with higher nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and faster growth, particularly under low nitrate conditions. Conversely, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated poplar mutant gnc exhibited decreased nitrate uptake, relocation, and assimilation, combined with lower NUE and slower growth. Assays with yeast one-hybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift, and a dual-luciferase reporter showed that PdGNC directly activated the promoters of nitrogen pathway genes PdNRT2.4b, PdNR, PdNiR, and PdGS2, leading to a significant increase in nitrate utilization in poplar. As expected, the enhanced NUE promoted growth under low nitrate availability. Taken together, our data show that PdGNC plays an important role in the regulation of NUE and growth in poplar by improving nitrate acquisition, remobilization, and assimilation, and provide a promising strategy for molecular breeding to improve productivity under nitrogen limitation in trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shen
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi An
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyan Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang He
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyun Chen
- Hangzhou Lifeng Seed Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Chao Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Salver Academy of Botany, Rizhao, Shandong 276800, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Salver Academy of Botany, Rizhao, Shandong 276800, China
| | - Haiying Liang
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Weilun Yin
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinli Xia
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Kasper K, Abreu IN, Feussner K, Zienkiewicz K, Herrfurth C, Ischebeck T, Janz D, Majcherczyk A, Schmitt K, Valerius O, Braus GH, Feussner I, Polle A. Multi-omics analysis of xylem sap uncovers dynamic modulation of poplar defenses by ammonium and nitrate. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:282-303. [PMID: 35535561 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Xylem sap is the major transport route for nutrients from roots to shoots. In the present study, we investigated how variations in nitrogen (N) nutrition affected the metabolome and proteome of xylem sap and the growth of the xylem endophyte Brennaria salicis, and we also report transcriptional re-wiring of leaf defenses in poplar (Populus × canescens). We supplied poplars with high, intermediate or low concentrations of ammonium or nitrate. We identified 288 unique proteins in xylem sap. Approximately 85% of the xylem sap proteins were shared among ammonium- and nitrate-supplied plants. The number of proteins increased with increasing N supply but the major functional categories (catabolic processes, cell wall-related enzymes, defense) were unaffected. Ammonium nutrition caused higher abundances of amino acids and carbohydrates, whereas nitrate caused higher malate levels in xylem sap. Pipecolic acid and N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid increased, whereas salicylic acid and jasmonoyl-isoleucine decreased, with increasing N nutrition. Untargeted metabolome analyses revealed 2179 features in xylem sap, of which 863 were differentially affected by N treatments. We identified 124 metabolites, mainly from specialized metabolism of the groups of salicinoids, phenylpropanoids, phenolics, flavonoids, and benzoates. Their abundances increased with decreasing N, except coumarins. Brennaria salicis growth was reduced in nutrient-supplemented xylem sap of low- and high- NO3- -fed plants compared to that of NH4+ -fed plants. The drastic changes in xylem sap composition caused massive changes in the transcriptional landscape of leaves and recruited defenses related to systemic acquired and induced systemic resistance. Our study uncovers unexpected complexity and variability of xylem composition with consequences for plant defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Kasper
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Ilka N Abreu
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Kirstin Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Zienkiewicz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Cornelia Herrfurth
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Dennis Janz
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Andrzej Majcherczyk
- Molecular Wood Biotechnology and Technical Mycology, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schmitt
- Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 8, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Service Unit for Proteomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 8, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Oliver Valerius
- Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 8, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Service Unit for Proteomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 8, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Gerhard H Braus
- Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 8, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Service Unit for Proteomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 8, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
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Characterization, expression, and functional analysis of the pathogenesis-related gene PtDIR11 in transgenic poplar. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 210:182-195. [PMID: 35545137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lignins and lignans are important for plant resistance to pathogens. Dirigent (DIR) proteins control the regio- and stereo-selectivity of coniferyl alcohol in lignan and lignin biosynthesis. DIR genes have been implicated in defense-related responses in several plant species, but their role in poplar immunity is unclear. We cloned PtDIR11 from Populus trichocarpa; we found that overexpression of PtDIR11 in poplar improved the lignan biosynthesis and enhanced the resistance of poplar to Septotis populiperda. PtDIR11 has a typical DIR domain; it belongs to the DIR-b/d family and is expressed in the cell membrane. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis showed that PtDIR11 expression was highest in stems, followed by leaves and roots. Furthermore, PtDIR11 expression was induced by S. populiperda, salicylic acid (SA), jasmonate (JA), and ethylene (ET) stresses. The recombinant PtDIR11 protein inhibited the growth of S. populiperda in vitro. Overexpressing (OE) PtDIR11 in "Nanlin 895" poplar enhanced growth. The OE lines exhibited minimal changes in lignin content, but their total lignan and flavonoid contents were significantly greater than in the wild-type (WT) lines. Overexpression of PtDIR11 affected multiple biological pathways of poplar, such as phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The methanol extracts of OE-PtDIR11 lines showed greater anti-S. populiperda activity than did lignin extracts from the WT lines. Furthermore, OE-PtDIR11 lines upregulated genes that were related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and genes associated with the JA and ET signal transduction pathways; it downregulated genes that were related to SA signal transduction compared with the WT line under S. populiperda stress. Therefore, the OE transgenic plants analysis revealed that PtDIR11 is a good candidate gene for breeding of disease resistant poplar.
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Singh P, Kannaujia R, Narayan S, Tewari A, Shirke PA, Pandey V. Impact of chronic elevated ozone exposure on photosynthetic traits and anti-oxidative defense responses of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de wit tree under field conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 782:146907. [PMID: 33848871 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the impact of long term exposure of elevated ozone (+20 ppb above ambient) on photosynthetic traits and anti-oxidative defense system of Leucaena leucocephala, a tree of great economic importance, was studied in a Free Air Ozone Concentration Enrichment (O3-FACE) facility at different time intervals (6, 12, 18, and 24 months). Results showed that net photosynthesis, photosynthetic pigments and lipid peroxidation were significantly reduced after 6, 12 and 24 months of exposure to elevated ozone (eO3) whereas stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were significantly decreased after 12 months of exposure to eO3. Antioxidant enzymatic activities (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase) were significantly increased after 12 months of exposure to eO3. Ascorbate was increased significantly after 6 and 12 months of exposure to eO3 while reduced glutathione content declined significantly after 6 and 24 months of exposure to eO3. The study showed that there were several negative long lasting physiological and biochemical responses in Leucaena. The results provide evidence that Leucaena exhibited greater sensitivity to O3 during initial exposure (up to 12 months) but showed moderate tolerance by the end of the 2nd year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratiksha Singh
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India; Department of Forestry & Environmental Science, D.S.B. campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263001, India
| | - Rekha Kannaujia
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India
| | - Shiv Narayan
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, CSIR- National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ashish Tewari
- Department of Forestry & Environmental Science, D.S.B. campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263001, India
| | - Pramod A Shirke
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, CSIR- National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vivek Pandey
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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An Y, Geng Y, Yao J, Wang C, Du J. An Improved CRISPR/Cas9 System for Genome Editing in Populus by Using Mannopine Synthase (MAS) Promoter. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:703546. [PMID: 34322148 PMCID: PMC8311491 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.703546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gene editing technology in woody plants has great potential for understanding gene function, and altering traits affecting economically and ecologically important traits. Gene editing applications in woody species require a high genome editing efficiency due to the difficulty during transformation and complexities resulting from gene redundancy. In this study, we used poplar 84K (Populus alba × P. glandulosa), which is a model hybrid for studying wood formation and growth. We developed a new CRISPR/Cas9 system to edit multiple genes simultaneously. Using this system, we successfully knocked out multiple targets of the PHYTOENE DESATURASE 8 in poplar. We found the mutation rate of our CRISPR/Cas9 system is higher (67.5%) than existing reports in woody trees. We further improved the mutation rate up to 75% at editing sites through the usage of the mannopine synthase (MAS) promoter to drive Cas9. The MAS-CRISPR/Cas9 is an improved genome-editing tool for woody plants with a higher efficiency and a higher mutation rate than currently available technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi An
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junguang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Du
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Barua N, Herken AM, Stern KR, Reese S, Powers RL, Morrell-Falvey JL, Platt TG, Hansen RR. Simultaneous Discovery of Positive and Negative Interactions Among Rhizosphere Bacteria Using Microwell Recovery Arrays. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:601788. [PMID: 33469450 PMCID: PMC7813777 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.601788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding microbe-microbe interactions is critical to predict microbiome function and to construct communities for desired outcomes. Investigation of these interactions poses a significant challenge due to the lack of suitable experimental tools available. Here we present the microwell recovery array (MRA), a new technology platform that screens interactions across a microbiome to uncover higher-order strain combinations that inhibit or promote the function of a focal species. One experimental trial generates 104 microbial communities that contain the focal species and a distinct random sample of uncharacterized cells from plant rhizosphere. Cells are sequentially recovered from individual wells that display highest or lowest levels of focal species growth using a high-resolution photopolymer extraction system. Interacting species are then identified and putative interactions are validated. Using this approach, we screen the poplar rhizosphere for strains affecting the growth of Pantoea sp. YR343, a plant growth promoting bacteria isolated from Populus deltoides rhizosphere. In one screen, we montiored 3,600 microwells within the array to uncover multiple antagonistic Stenotrophomonas strains and a set of Enterobacter strains that promoted YR343 growth. The later demonstrates the unique ability of the platform to discover multi-membered consortia that generate emergent outcomes, thereby expanding the range of phenotypes that can be characterized from microbiomes. This knowledge will aid in the development of consortia for Populus production, while the platform offers a new approach for screening and discovery of microbial interactions, applicable to any microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloy Barua
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Ashlee M. Herken
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Kyle R. Stern
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Sean Reese
- Powers and Zahr, Augusta, KS, United States
| | | | | | - Thomas G. Platt
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Ryan R. Hansen
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
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16
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An Y, Geng Y, Yao J, Fu C, Lu M, Wang C, Du J. Efficient Genome Editing in Populus Using CRISPR/Cas12a. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:593938. [PMID: 33329659 PMCID: PMC7720674 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.593938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The ability to create targeted mutations using clustered regularly inter-spaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) 9 in support of forest tree biotechnology is currently limited. CRISPR/Cas12a is a novel CRISPR effector protein that not only broadens the CRISPR/Cas targeting range but also enables the generation of large-fragment deletions. In this study, a CRISPR/Cas12a system was evaluated for the induction of targeted mutations in the woody tree poplar (Populus alba × Populus glandulosa). Three Cas12a nucleases, namely, AsCas12a (Acidaminococcus sp. BV3L6), LbCas12a (Lachnospiraceae bacterium ND2006), and FnCas12a (Francisella tularensis subsp. novicidain U112), were used. We knocked out multiple targets of the phytoene desaturase gene 8 (PDS) using the CRISPR/Cas12a genome-targeting system, and the results indicated that the AsCas12a system is the most efficient. We further optimized the co-cultivation temperature after Agrobacterium-mediated transformation from 22 to 28°C to increase the Cas12a nuclease editing efficiency in poplar. AsCas12a showed the highest mutation efficiency, at 70%, and the majority of editing sites were composed of large-fragment deletions. By using this simple and high-efficiency CRISPR/Cas12a system, multiple targets can be modified to obtain multigene simultaneous knockout mutants in tree species, which will provide powerful tools with which to facilitate genetic studies of forest trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi An
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junguang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunxiang Fu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengzhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Bryant ND, Pu Y, Tschaplinski TJ, Tuskan GA, Muchero W, Kalluri UC, Yoo CG, Ragauskas AJ. Transgenic Poplar Designed for Biofuels. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:881-896. [PMID: 32482346 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Members of the genus Populus (i.e., cottonwood, hybrid poplar) represent a promising source of lignocellulosic biomass for biofuels. However, one of the major factors negatively affecting poplar's efficient conversion to biofuel is the inherent recalcitrance to enzymatic saccharification due to cell wall components such as lignin. To this effect, there have been efforts to modify gene expression to reduce biomass recalcitrance by changing cell wall properties. Here, we review recent genetic modifications of poplar that led to change cell wall properties and the resulting effects on subsequent pretreatment efficacy and saccharification. Although genetic engineering's impacts on cell wall properties are not fully predictable, recent studies have shown promising improvement in the biological conversion of transgenic poplar to biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Bryant
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Yunqiao Pu
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; Joint Institute for Biological Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Timothy J Tschaplinski
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Gerald A Tuskan
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Wellington Muchero
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Udaya C Kalluri
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Chang Geun Yoo
- Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; Joint Institute for Biological Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; Center for Renewable Carbon, Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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18
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An Y, Zhou Y, Han X, Shen C, Wang S, Liu C, Yin W, Xia X. The GATA transcription factor GNC plays an important role in photosynthesis and growth in poplar. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:1969-1984. [PMID: 31872214 PMCID: PMC7094078 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
GATA transcription factors are involved in the regulation of diverse growth processes and environmental responses in Arabidopsis and rice. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive bioinformatic survey of the GATA family in the woody perennial Populus trichocarpa. Thirty-nine Populus GATA genes were classified into four subfamilies based on gene structure and phylogenetic relationships. Predicted cis-elements suggested potential roles of poplar GATA genes in light, phytohormone, development, and stress responses. A poplar GATA gene, PdGATA19/PdGNC (GATA nitrate-inducible carbon-metabolism-involved), was identified from a fast growing poplar clone. PdGNC expression was significantly up-regulated in leaves under both high (50 mM) and low (0.2 mM) nitrate concentrations. The CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutant crispr-GNC showed severely retarded growth and enhanced secondary xylem differentiation. PdGNC-overexpressing transformants exhibited 25-30% faster growth, 20-28% higher biomass accumulation, and ~25% increase in chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, and plant height, compared with the wild type. Transcriptomic analysis showed that PdGNC was involved in photosynthetic electron transfer and carbon assimilation in the leaf, cell division and carbohydrate utilization in the stem, and nitrogen uptake in the root. These data indicated that PdGNC plays a crucial role in plant growth and is potentially useful in tree molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi An
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangyan Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Shen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Weilun Yin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinli Xia
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Correspondence:
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What Makes the Wood? Exploring the Molecular Mechanisms of Xylem Acclimation in Hardwoods to an Ever-Changing Environment. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10040358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Wood, also designated as secondary xylem, is the major structure that gives trees and other woody plants stability for upright growth and maintains the water supply from the roots to all other plant tissues. Over recent decades, our understanding of the cellular processes of wood formation (xylogenesis) has substantially increased. Plants as sessile organisms face a multitude of abiotic stresses, e.g., heat, drought, salinity and limiting nutrient availability that require them to adjust their wood structure to maintain stability and water conductivity. Because of global climate change, more drastic and sudden changes in temperature and longer periods without precipitation are expected to impact tree productivity in the near future. Thus, it is essential to understand the process of wood formation in trees under stress. Many traits, such as vessel frequency and size, fiber thickness and density change in response to different environmental stimuli. Here, we provide an overview of our current understanding of how abiotic stress factors affect wood formation on the molecular level focussing on the genes that have been identified in these processes.
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20
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Bai Q, Duan B, Ma J, Fen Y, Sun S, Long Q, Lv J, Wan D. Coexpression of PalbHLH1 and PalMYB90 Genes From Populus alba Enhances Pathogen Resistance in Poplar by Increasing the Flavonoid Content. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1772. [PMID: 32174927 PMCID: PMC7054340 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites of the flavonoid pathway participate in plant defense, and bHLH and MYB transcription factors regulate the synthesis of these metabolites. Here, we define the regulatory mechanisms in response to pathogens. Two transcription factors from Populus alba var. pyramidalis, PalbHLH1 and PalMYB90, were overexpressed together in poplar, and transcriptome analysis revealed differences in response to pathogen infection. The transgenic plants showed elevated levels of several key flavonoid pathway components: total phenols, proanthocyanidins (PAs), and anthocyanins and intermediates quercetin and kaempferol. Furthermore, PalbHLH1 and PalMYB90 overexpression in poplar enhanced antioxidase activities and H2O2 release and also increased resistance to Botrytis cinerea and Dothiorella gregaria infection. Gene expression profile analysis showed most genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway or antioxidant response to be upregulated in MYB90/bHLH1-OE poplar, but significant differential expression occurred in response to pathogen infection. Specifically, expression of PalF3H (flavanone 3-hydroxylase), PalDFR (dihydroflavonol 4-seductase), PalANS (anthocyanin synthase), and PalANR (anthocyanin reductase), which function in initial, middle, and final steps of anthocyanin and PA biosynthesis, respectively, was significantly upregulated in D. gregaria-infected MYB90/bHLH1-OE poplar. Our results highlight that PalbHLH1 and PalMYB90 function as transcriptional activators of flavonoid pathway secondary-metabolite synthesis genes, with differential mechanisms in response to bacterial or fungal infection.
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21
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Meng S, Wang S, Quan J, Su W, Lian C, Wang D, Xia X, Yin W. Distinct Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism of Two Contrasting Poplar Species in Response to Different N Supply Levels. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2302. [PMID: 30082610 PMCID: PMC6121361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poplars have evolved various strategies to optimize acclimation responses to environmental conditions. However, how poplars balance growth and nitrogen deficiency remains to be elucidated. In the present study, changes in root development, carbon and nitrogen physiology, and the transcript abundance of associated genes were investigated in slow-growing Populus simonii (Ps) and fast-growing Populus euramericana (Pe) saplings treated with low, medium, and high nitrogen supply. The slow-growing Ps showed a flourishing system, higher δ15N, accelerated C export, lower N uptake and assimilation, and less sensitive transcriptional regulation in response to low N supply. The slow-growing Ps also had greater resistance to N deficiency due to the transport of photosynthate to the roots and the stimulation of root development, which allows survival. To support its rapid metabolism and growth, compared with the slow-growing Ps, the fast-growing Pe showed greater root development, C/N uptake and assimilation capacity, and more responsive transcriptional regulation with greater N supply. These data suggest that poplars can differentially manage C/N metabolism and photosynthate allocation under different N supply conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Meng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Shu Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jine Quan
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Wanlong Su
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Conglong Lian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Dongli Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xinli Xia
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Weilun Yin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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22
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Xie Y, Chen P, Yan Y, Bao C, Li X, Wang L, Shen X, Li H, Liu X, Niu C, Zhu C, Fang N, Shao Y, Zhao T, Yu J, Zhu J, Xu L, van Nocker S, Ma F, Guan Q. An atypical R2R3 MYB transcription factor increases cold hardiness by CBF-dependent and CBF-independent pathways in apple. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:201-218. [PMID: 29266327 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Apple (Malus × domestica) trees are vulnerable to freezing temperatures. However, there has been only limited success in developing cold-hardy cultivars. This lack of progress is due at least partly to lack of understanding of the molecular mechanisms of freezing tolerance in apple. In this study, we evaluated the potential roles for two R2R3 MYB transcription factors (TFs), MYB88 and the paralogous FLP (MYB124), in cold stress in apple and Arabidopsis. We found that MYB88 and MYB124 positively regulate freezing tolerance and cold-responsive gene expression in both apple and Arabidopsis. Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation-qPCR and electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that MdMYB88/MdMYB124 act as direct regulators of the COLD SHOCK DOMAIN PROTEIN 3 (MdCSP3) and CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 (MdCCA1) genes. Dual luciferase reporter assay indicated that MdCCA1 but not MdCSP3 activated the expression of MdCBF3 under cold stress. Moreover, MdMYB88 and MdMYB124 promoted anthocyanin accumulation and H2 O2 detoxification in response to cold. Taken together, our results suggest that MdMYB88 and MdMYB124 positively regulate cold hardiness and cold-responsive gene expression under cold stress by C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR (CBF)-dependent and CBF-independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinpeng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Pengxiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Chana Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xuewei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Liping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiaoxia Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Chundong Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Nan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yun Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Tao Zhao
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, 6708, PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jiantao Yu
- College of Information Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Lingfei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Steven van Nocker
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue St, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Qingmei Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
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23
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Wildhagen H, Paul S, Allwright M, Smith HK, Malinowska M, Schnabel SK, Paulo MJ, Cattonaro F, Vendramin V, Scalabrin S, Janz D, Douthe C, Brendel O, Buré C, Cohen D, Hummel I, Le Thiec D, van Eeuwijk F, Keurentjes JJB, Flexas J, Morgante M, Robson P, Bogeat-Triboulot MB, Taylor G, Polle A. Genes and gene clusters related to genotype and drought-induced variation in saccharification potential, lignin content and wood anatomical traits in Populus nigra. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 38:320-339. [PMID: 28541580 PMCID: PMC5982782 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Wood is a renewable resource that can be employed for the production of second generation biofuels by enzymatic saccharification and subsequent fermentation. Knowledge on how the saccharification potential is affected by genotype-related variation of wood traits and drought is scarce. Here, we used three Populus nigra L. genotypes from habitats differing in water availability to (i) investigate the relationships between wood anatomy, lignin content and saccharification and (ii) identify genes and co-expressed gene clusters related to genotype and drought-induced variation in wood traits and saccharification potential. The three poplar genotypes differed in wood anatomy, lignin content and saccharification potential. Drought resulted in reduced cambial activity, decreased vessel and fiber lumina, and increased the saccharification potential. The saccharification potential was unrelated to lignin content as well as to most wood anatomical traits. RNA sequencing of the developing xylem revealed that 1.5% of the analyzed genes were differentially expressed in response to drought, while 67% differed among the genotypes. Weighted gene correlation network analysis identified modules of co-expressed genes correlated with saccharification potential. These modules were enriched in gene ontology terms related to cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis and modification and vesicle transport, but not to lignin biosynthesis. Among the most strongly saccharification-correlated genes, those with regulatory functions, especially kinases, were prominent. We further identified transcription factors whose transcript abundances differed among genotypes, and which were co-regulated with genes for biosynthesis and modifications of hemicelluloses and pectin. Overall, our study suggests that the regulation of pectin and hemicellulose metabolism is a promising target for improving wood quality of second generation bioenergy crops. The causal relationship of the identified genes and pathways with saccharification potential needs to be validated in further experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Wildhagen
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- HAWK University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Faculty of Resource Management, Büsgenweg 1a, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shanty Paul
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mike Allwright
- Center for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Hazel K Smith
- Center for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Marta Malinowska
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY233EE, UK
| | - Sabine K Schnabel
- Biometris, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M João Paulo
- Biometris, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Vera Vendramin
- IGA Technology Services, via Jacopo Linussio 51, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Simone Scalabrin
- IGA Technology Services, via Jacopo Linussio 51, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Dennis Janz
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Cyril Douthe
- Universidad de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Oliver Brendel
- EEF, INRA, Université de Lorraine, rue d'Amance, 54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Cyril Buré
- EEF, INRA, Université de Lorraine, rue d'Amance, 54280 Champenoux, France
| | - David Cohen
- EEF, INRA, Université de Lorraine, rue d'Amance, 54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Irène Hummel
- EEF, INRA, Université de Lorraine, rue d'Amance, 54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Didier Le Thiec
- EEF, INRA, Université de Lorraine, rue d'Amance, 54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Fred van Eeuwijk
- Biometris, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost J B Keurentjes
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Universidad de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Michele Morgante
- Università Di Udine, Istituto di Genomica Applicata, via Jacopo Linussio 51, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Paul Robson
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY233EE, UK
| | | | - Gail Taylor
- Center for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Andrea Polle
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Corresponding author ()
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24
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Eberl F, Perreca E, Vogel H, Wright LP, Hammerbacher A, Veit D, Gershenzon J, Unsicker SB. Rust Infection of Black Poplar Trees Reduces Photosynthesis but Does Not Affect Isoprene Biosynthesis or Emission. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1733. [PMID: 30538714 PMCID: PMC6277707 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Poplar (Populus spp.) trees are widely distributed and play an important role in ecological communities and in forestry. Moreover, by releasing high amounts of isoprene, these trees impact global atmospheric chemistry. One of the most devastating diseases for poplar is leaf rust, caused by fungi of the genus Melampsora. Despite the wide distribution of these biotrophic pathogens, very little is known about their effects on isoprene biosynthesis and emission. We therefore infected black poplar (P. nigra) trees with the rust fungus M. larici-populina and monitored isoprene emission and other physiological parameters over the course of infection to determine the underlying mechanisms. We found an immediate and persistent decrease in photosynthesis during infection, presumably caused by decreased stomatal conductance mediated by increased ABA levels. At the same time, isoprene emission remained stable during the time course of infection, consistent with the stability of its biosynthesis. There was no detectable change in the levels of intermediates or gene transcripts of the methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway in infected compared to control leaves. Rust infection thus does not affect isoprene emission, but may still influence the atmosphere via decreased fixation of CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Eberl
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Erica Perreca
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Heiko Vogel
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Louwrance P. Wright
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- Zeiselhof Research Farm, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Almuth Hammerbacher
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Daniel Veit
- Technical Service, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Sybille B. Unsicker
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- *Correspondence: Sybille B. Unsicker,
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25
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Biotechnology for bioenergy dedicated trees: meeting future energy demands. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 73:15-32. [DOI: 10.1515/znc-2016-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
With the increase in human demands for energy, purpose-grown woody crops could be part of the global renewable energy solution, especially in geographical regions where plantation forestry is feasible and economically important. In addition, efficient utilization of woody feedstocks would engage in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, decreasing the challenge of food and energy security, and resolving the conflict between land use for food or biofuel production. This review compiles existing knowledge on biotechnological and genomics-aided improvements of biomass performance of purpose-grown poplar, willow, eucalyptus and pine species, and their relative hybrids, for efficient and sustainable bioenergy applications. This includes advancements in tree in vitro regeneration, and stable expression or modification of selected genes encoding desirable traits, which enhanced growth and yield, wood properties, site adaptability, and biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Genetic modifications used to alter lignin/cellulose/hemicelluloses ratio and lignin composition, towards effective lignocellulosic feedstock conversion into cellulosic ethanol, are also examined. Biotech-trees still need to pass challengeable regulatory authorities’ processes, including biosafety and risk assessment analyses prior to their commercialization release. Hence, strategies developed to contain transgenes, or to mitigate potential transgene flow risks, are discussed.
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26
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Rueda-López M, Pascual MB, Pallero M, Henao LM, Lasa B, Jauregui I, Aparicio-Tejo PM, Cánovas FM, Ávila C. Overexpression of a pine Dof transcription factor in hybrid poplars: A comparative study in trees growing under controlled and natural conditions. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174748. [PMID: 28376100 PMCID: PMC5380328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the role of the pine transcriptional regulator Dof 5 in carbon and nitrogen metabolism has been examined in poplar trees. The overexpression of the gene and potential effects on growth and biomass production were compared between trees growing in a growth chamber under controlled conditions and trees growing in a field trial during two growth seasons. Ten-week-old transgenic poplars exhibited higher growth than untransformed controls and exhibited enhanced capacity for inorganic nitrogen uptake in the form of nitrate. Furthermore, the transgenic trees accumulated significantly more carbohydrates such as glucose, fructose, sucrose and starch. Lignin content increased in the basal part of the stem likely due to the thicker stem of the transformed plants. The enhanced levels of lignin were correlated with higher expression of the PAL1 and GS1.3 genes, which encode key enzymes involved in the phenylalanine deamination required for lignin biosynthesis. However, the results in the field trial experiment diverged from those observed in the chamber system. The lines overexpressing PpDof5 showed attenuated growth during the two growing seasons and no modification of carbon or nitrogen metabolism. These results were not associated with a decrease in the expression of the transgene, but they can be ascribed to the nitrogen available in the field soil compared to that available for growth under controlled conditions. This work highlights the paramount importance of testing transgenic lines in field trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Rueda-López
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - María Belén Pascual
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Mercedes Pallero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Luisa María Henao
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Berta Lasa
- Departamento de Ciencias del Medio Natural, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ivan Jauregui
- Departamento de Ciencias del Medio Natural, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pedro M. Aparicio-Tejo
- Departamento de Ciencias del Medio Natural, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Francisco M. Cánovas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Concepción Ávila
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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27
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Macaya-Sanz D, Chen J, Kalluri UC, Muchero W, Tschaplinski TJ, Gunter LE, Simon SJ, Biswal AK, Bryan AC, Payyavula R, Xie M, Yang Y, Zhang J, Mohnen D, Tuskan GA, DiFazio SP. Agronomic performance of Populus deltoides trees engineered for biofuel production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:253. [PMID: 29213313 PMCID: PMC5707814 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0934-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the major barriers to the development of lignocellulosic feedstocks is the recalcitrance of plant cell walls to deconstruction and saccharification. Recalcitrance can be reduced by targeting genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis, but this can have unintended consequences that compromise the agronomic performance of the trees under field conditions. Here we report the results of a field trial of fourteen distinct transgenic Populus deltoides lines that had previously demonstrated reduced recalcitrance without yield penalties under greenhouse conditions. RESULTS Survival and productivity of the trial were excellent in the first year, and there was little evidence for reduced performance of the transgenic lines with modified target gene expression. Surprisingly, the most striking phenotypic effects in this trial were for two empty-vector control lines that had modified bud set and bud flush. This is most likely due to somaclonal variation or insertional mutagenesis. Traits related to yield, crown architecture, herbivory, pathogen response, and frost damage showed few significant differences between target gene transgenics and empty vector controls. However, there were a few interesting exceptions. Lines overexpressing the DUF231 gene, a putative O-acetyltransferase, showed early bud flush and marginally increased height growth. Lines overexpressing the DUF266 gene, a putative glycosyltransferase, had significantly decreased stem internode length and slightly higher volume index. Finally, lines overexpressing the PFD2 gene, a putative member of the prefoldin complex, had a slightly reduced volume index. CONCLUSIONS This field trial demonstrates that these cell wall modifications, which decreased cell wall recalcitrance under laboratory conditions, did not seriously compromise first-year performance in the field, despite substantial challenges, including an outbreak of a stem boring insect (Gypsonoma haimbachiana), attack by a leaf rust pathogen (Melampsora spp.), and a late frost event. This bodes well for the potential utility of these lines as advanced biofuels feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Macaya-Sanz
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
| | - Jin‐Gui Chen
- BioEnergy Science Center and Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Udaya C. Kalluri
- BioEnergy Science Center and Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Wellington Muchero
- BioEnergy Science Center and Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Timothy J. Tschaplinski
- BioEnergy Science Center and Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Lee E. Gunter
- BioEnergy Science Center and Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Sandra J. Simon
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
| | - Ajaya K. Biswal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Anthony C. Bryan
- BioEnergy Science Center and Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Raja Payyavula
- BioEnergy Science Center and Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Meng Xie
- BioEnergy Science Center and Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Yongil Yang
- BioEnergy Science Center and Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- BioEnergy Science Center and Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Debra Mohnen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Gerald A. Tuskan
- BioEnergy Science Center and Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Stephen P. DiFazio
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
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28
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Wu N, Li Z, Wu F, Tang M. Comparative photochemistry activity and antioxidant responses in male and female Populus cathayana cuttings inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under salt. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37663. [PMID: 27898056 PMCID: PMC5127190 DOI: 10.1038/srep37663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the morphology and physiology of two genders of the typical dioecious plant Populus cathayana under salt stress. We conducted a pot experiment containing seedlings of the two genders that were subjected to salt or non-salt and filled with soil that was either inoculated with Rhizophagus intraradices or not. The results showed that males had higher mycorrhizal dependency than females. Salt stress decreased growth, the relative water content and chlorophyll fluorescence. Meanwhile, salt increased the superoxide radical (O2−), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents and antioxidant enzyme activities. Mycorrhizal male seedlings performed better than females in shoot morphological growth under both conditions and in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, O2− and H2O2 contents, MDA concentration, proline content and antioxidant enzymes activities under salt stress. In females, under saline conditions, a lower MDA concentration and H2O2, O2− and proline contents were observed in the leaves and roots. In addition, inoculated female plants performed better in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters than non-inoculated plants. AMF inoculation had either slight or no effects on the performance of females. These findings suggested that when subjected to stress and AMF, differences in the genders existed, followed by the alleviation of the damage to P. cathayana by AMF via improving growth and photosynthesis and antioxidant systems under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei Wu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ming Tang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Kavka M, Polle A. Phosphate uptake kinetics and tissue-specific transporter expression profiles in poplar (Populus × canescens) at different phosphorus availabilities. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:206. [PMID: 27663513 PMCID: PMC5035498 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0892-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphorus (P) is a major plant nutrient. It is transported into and allocated inside plants by four families of phosphate transporters (PHT1 to PHT4) with high or low affinity to phosphate. Here, we studied whole-plant P uptake kinetics and expression profiles of members of the PHT families under high, intermediate and low P availability in the woody crop poplar (Populus × canescens) in relation to plant performance. RESULTS Poplars exhibited strong growth reduction and increased P use efficiency in response to lower P availabilities. The relative P uptake rate increased with intermediate and decreased with low P availability. This decrease was not energy-limited because glucose addition could not rescue the uptake. The maximum P uptake rate was more than 13-times higher in P-starved than in well-supplied poplars. The Km for whole-root uptake ranged between 26 μM and 20 μM in poplars with intermediate and low P availability, respectively. In well-supplied plants, only low uptake rate was found. The minimum concentration for net P uptake from the nutrient solution was 1.1 μM. All PHT1 members studied showed significant up-regulation upon P starvation and were higher expressed in roots than leaves, with the exception of PtPHT1;3. PtPHT1;1 and PtPHT1;2 showed root- and P starvation-specific expression. Various members of the PHT2, PHT3 and PHT4 families showed higher expression in leaves than in roots, but were unresponsive to P deprivation. Other members (PtPHT3;1, PtPHT3;2, PtPHT3;6, PtPHT4;6 to PtPHT4;8) exhibited higher expression in roots than in leaves and were in most cases up-regulated in response to P deficiency. CONCLUSIONS Expression profiles of distinct members of the PHT families, especially those of PHT1 were linked with changes in P uptake and allocation at whole-plant level. The regulation was tissue-specific with lower P responsiveness in leaves than in roots. Uptake efficiency for P increased with decreasing P availability, but could not overcome a threshold of about 1 μM P in the nutrient solution. Because the P concentrations in soil solutions are generally in the lower micro-molar range, even below the apparent Km-values, our findings suggest that bare-rooted poplars are prone to suffer from P limitations in most environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Kavka
- Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Labor für Radio-Isotope, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Labor für Radio-Isotope, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Baldacci-Cresp F, Sacré PY, Twyffels L, Mol A, Vermeersch M, Ziemons E, Hubert P, Pérez-Morga D, El Jaziri M, de Almeida Engler J, Baucher M. Poplar-Root Knot Nematode Interaction: A Model for Perennial Woody Species. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2016; 29:560-572. [PMID: 27135257 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-01-16-0015-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant root-knot nematode (RKN) interaction studies are performed on several host plant models. Though RKN interact with trees, no perennial woody model has been explored so far. Here, we show that poplar (Populus tremula × P. alba) grown in vitro is susceptible to Meloidogyne incognita, allowing this nematode to penetrate, to induce feeding sites, and to successfully complete its life cycle. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed to study changes in poplar gene expression in galls compared with noninfected roots. Three genes (expansin A, histone 3.1, and asparagine synthase), selected as gall development marker genes, followed, during poplar-nematode interaction, a similar expression pattern to what was described for other plant hosts. Downregulation of four genes implicated in the monolignol biosynthesis pathway was evidenced in galls, suggesting a shift in the phenolic profile within galls developed on poplar roots. Raman microspectroscopy demonstrated that cell walls of giant cells were not lignified but mainly composed of pectin and cellulose. The data presented here suggest that RKN exercise conserved strategies to reproduce and to invade perennial plant species and that poplar is a suitable model host to study specific traits of tree-nematode interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Baldacci-Cresp
- 1 Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Végétale, Université libre de Bruxelles, Rue des Professeurs Jeener et Brachet 12, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Pierre-Yves Sacré
- 2 University of Liege, CIRM, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, CHU, B36, B-4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Laure Twyffels
- 3 Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging-CMMI, Université libre de Bruxelles
| | - Adeline Mol
- 1 Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Végétale, Université libre de Bruxelles, Rue des Professeurs Jeener et Brachet 12, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Marjorie Vermeersch
- 3 Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging-CMMI, Université libre de Bruxelles
| | - Eric Ziemons
- 2 University of Liege, CIRM, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, CHU, B36, B-4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Philippe Hubert
- 2 University of Liege, CIRM, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, CHU, B36, B-4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - David Pérez-Morga
- 3 Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging-CMMI, Université libre de Bruxelles
- 4 Laboratoire de Parasitologie Moléculaire, Université libre de Bruxelles; and
| | - Mondher El Jaziri
- 1 Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Végétale, Université libre de Bruxelles, Rue des Professeurs Jeener et Brachet 12, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Janice de Almeida Engler
- 5 INRA, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, F-06900 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Marie Baucher
- 1 Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Végétale, Université libre de Bruxelles, Rue des Professeurs Jeener et Brachet 12, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
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Maheshwari P, Kovalchuk I. Agrobacterium-Mediated Stable Genetic Transformation of Populus angustifolia and Populus balsamifera. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:296. [PMID: 27014319 PMCID: PMC4783574 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated stable genetic transformation of two species of poplar - Populus angustifolia and Populus balsamifera. The binary vector pCAMBIA-Npro-long-Luc containing the luciferase reporter gene was used to transform stem internode and axillary bud explants. Putative transformants were regenerated on selection-free medium using our previously established in vitro regeneration method. Explant type, genotype, effect of pre-culture, Agrobacterium concentration, a time period of infection and varying periods of co-culture with bacteria were tested for the transformation frequency. The highest frequency of transformation was obtained with stem internode explants pre-cultured for 2 days, infected with Agrobacterium culture at the concentration of OD600 = 0.5 for 10 min and co-cultivated with Agrobacterium for 48 h. Out of the two genotypes tested, P. balsamifera exhibited a higher transformation rate in comparison to P. angustifolia. The primary transformants that exhibited luciferase activity in a bioluminescence assay under the CCD camera when subjected to polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analysis revealed a stable single-copy integration of luc in their genomes. The reported protocol is highly reproducible and can be applied to other species of poplar; it will also be useful for future genetic engineering of one of the most important families of woody plants for sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, LethbridgeAB, Canada
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Allwright MR, Taylor G. Molecular Breeding for Improved Second Generation Bioenergy Crops. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 21:43-54. [PMID: 26541073 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing urgency to develop and deploy sustainable sources of energy to reduce our global dependency on finite, high-carbon fossil fuels. Lignocellulosic feedstocks, used in power and liquid fuel generation, are valuable sources of non-food plant biomass. They are cultivated with minimal inputs on marginal or degraded lands to prevent competition with arable agriculture and offer significant potential for sustainable intensification (the improvement of yield without the necessity for additional inputs) through advanced molecular breeding. This article explores progress made in next generation sequencing, advanced genotyping, association genetics, and genetic modification in second generation bioenergy production. Using poplar as an exemplar where most progress has been made, a suite of target traits is also identified giving insight into possible routes for crop improvement and deployment in the immediate future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike R Allwright
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southampton, UK
| | - Gail Taylor
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southampton, UK.
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Allwright MR, Payne A, Emiliani G, Milner S, Viger M, Rouse F, Keurentjes JJB, Bérard A, Wildhagen H, Faivre-Rampant P, Polle A, Morgante M, Taylor G. Biomass traits and candidate genes for bioenergy revealed through association genetics in coppiced European Populus nigra (L.). BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:195. [PMID: 27617034 PMCID: PMC5017058 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0603-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Second generation (2G) bioenergy from lignocellulosic feedstocks has the potential to develop as a sustainable source of renewable energy; however, significant hurdles still remain for large-scale commercialisation. Populus is considered as a promising 2G feedstock and understanding the genetic basis of biomass yield and feedstock quality are a research priority in this model tree species. RESULTS We report the first coppiced biomass study for 714 members of a wide population of European black poplar (Populus nigra L.), a native European tree, selected from 20 river populations ranging in latitude and longitude between 40.5 and 52.1°N and 1.0 and 16.4°E, respectively. When grown at a single site in southern UK, significant Site of Origin (SO) effects were seen for 14 of the 15 directly measured or derived traits including biomass yield, leaf area and stomatal index. There was significant correlation (p < 0.001) between biomass yield traits over 3 years of harvest which identified leaf size and cell production as strong predictors of biomass yield. A 12 K Illumina genotyping array (constructed from 10,331 SNPs in 14 QTL regions and 4648 genes) highlighted significant population genetic structure with pairwise FST showing strong differentiation (p < 0.001) between the Spanish and Italian subpopulations. Robust associations reaching genome-wide significance are reported for main stem height and cell number per leaf; two traits tightly linked to biomass yield. These genotyping and phenotypic data were also used to show the presence of significant isolation by distance (IBD) and isolation by adaption (IBA) within this population. CONCLUSIONS The three associations identified reaching genome-wide significance at p < 0.05 include a transcription factor; a putative stress response gene and a gene of unknown function. None of them have been previously linked to bioenergy yield; were shown to be differentially expressed in a panel of three selected genotypes from the collection and represent exciting, novel candidates for further study in a bioenergy tree native to Europe and Euro-Asia. A further 26 markers (22 genes) were found to reach putative significance and are also of interest for biomass yield, leaf area, epidermal cell expansion and stomatal patterning. This research on European P. nigra provides an important foundation for the development of commercial native trees for bioenergy and for advanced, molecular breeding in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Robert Allwright
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Adrienne Payne
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Giovanni Emiliani
- CNR-IVALSA, Sesto Fiorentino, via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI Italy
| | - Suzanne Milner
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Maud Viger
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Franchesca Rouse
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Joost J. B. Keurentjes
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University and Research, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Polle
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michele Morgante
- Dipartimento di Scienze agroalimentari, ambientali e animali, Università di Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Istituto di Genomica Applicata (IGA), via J. Linussio 51, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Gail Taylor
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
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Weih M, Polle A. Editorial: Ecological Consequences of Biodiversity and Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:210. [PMID: 26925092 PMCID: PMC4760096 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Weih
- Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsala, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Martin Weih
| | - Andrea Polle
- Department for Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Büsgen-Institute, Georg-August-Universität GöttingenGöttingen, Germany
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35
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Luo J, Zhou J, Li H, Shi W, Polle A, Lu M, Sun X, Luo ZB. Global poplar root and leaf transcriptomes reveal links between growth and stress responses under nitrogen starvation and excess. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 35:1283-302. [PMID: 26420789 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpv091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) starvation and excess have distinct effects on N uptake and metabolism in poplars, but the global transcriptomic changes underlying morphological and physiological acclimation to altered N availability are unknown. We found that N starvation stimulated the fine root length and surface area by 54 and 49%, respectively, decreased the net photosynthetic rate by 15% and reduced the concentrations of NH4+, NO3(-) and total free amino acids in the roots and leaves of Populus simonii Carr. in comparison with normal N supply, whereas N excess had the opposite effect in most cases. Global transcriptome analysis of roots and leaves elucidated the specific molecular responses to N starvation and excess. Under N starvation and excess, gene ontology (GO) terms related to ion transport and response to auxin stimulus were enriched in roots, whereas the GO term for response to abscisic acid stimulus was overrepresented in leaves. Common GO terms for all N treatments in roots and leaves were related to development, N metabolism, response to stress and hormone stimulus. Approximately 30-40% of the differentially expressed genes formed a transcriptomic regulatory network under each condition. These results suggest that global transcriptomic reprogramming plays a key role in the morphological and physiological acclimation of poplar roots and leaves to N starvation and excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wenguang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Andrea Polle
- Büsgen-Institute, Department of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Georg-August University, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mengzhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xiaomei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Foster AJ, Pelletier G, Tanguay P, Séguin A. Transcriptome Analysis of Poplar during Leaf Spot Infection with Sphaerulina spp. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138162. [PMID: 26378446 PMCID: PMC4575021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases of poplar caused by the native fungal pathogen Sphaerulina musiva and related species are of growing concern, particularly with the increasing interest in intensive poplar plantations to meet growing energy demands. Sphaerulina musiva is able to cause infection on leaves, resulting in defoliation and canker formation on stems. To gain a greater understanding of the different responses of poplar species to infection caused by the naturally co-evolved Sphaerulina species, RNA-seq was conducted on leaves of Populus deltoides, P. balsamifera and P. tremuloides infected with S. musiva, S. populicola and a new undescribed species, Ston1, respectively. The experiment was designed to contain the pathogen in a laboratory environment, while replicating disease development in commercial plantations. Following inoculation, trees were monitored for disease symptoms, pathogen growth and host responses. Genes involved in phenylpropanoid, terpenoid and flavonoid biosynthesis were generally upregulated in P. balsamifera and P. tremuloides, while cell wall modification appears to play an important role in the defense of P. deltoides. Poplar defensive genes were expressed early in P. balsamifera and P. tremuloides, but their expression was delayed in P. deltoides, which correlated with the rate of disease symptoms development. Also, severe infection in P. balsamifera led to leaf abscission. This data gives an insight into the large differences in timing and expression of genes between poplar species being attacked by their associated Sphaerulina pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Foster
- Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Québec, Canada
| | - Gervais Pelletier
- Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Tanguay
- Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Québec, Canada
| | - Armand Séguin
- Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Polle A, Chen S. On the salty side of life: molecular, physiological and anatomical adaptation and acclimation of trees to extreme habitats. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:1794-816. [PMID: 25159181 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Saline and sodic soils that cannot be used for agriculture occur worldwide. Cultivating stress-tolerant trees to obtain biomass from salinized areas has been suggested. Various tree species of economic importance for fruit, fibre and timber production exhibit high salinity tolerance. Little is known about the mechanisms enabling tree crops to cope with high salinity for extended periods. Here, the molecular, physiological and anatomical adjustments underlying salt tolerance in glycophytic and halophytic model tree species, such as Populus euphratica in terrestrial habitats, and mangrove species along coastlines are reviewed. Key mechanisms that have been identified as mediating salt tolerance are discussed at scales from the genetic to the morphological level, including leaf succulence and structural adjustments of wood anatomy. The genetic and transcriptomic bases for physiological salt acclimation are salt sensing and signalling networks that activate target genes; the target genes keep reactive oxygen species under control, maintain the ion balance and restore water status. Evolutionary adaptation includes gene duplication in these pathways. Strategies for and limitations to tree improvement, particularly transgenic approaches for increasing salt tolerance by transforming trees with single and multiple candidate genes, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Polle
- Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Büsgen-Institut, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Shaoliang Chen
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
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Fan D, Liu T, Li C, Jiao B, Li S, Hou Y, Luo K. Efficient CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Targeted Mutagenesis in Populus in the First Generation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12217. [PMID: 26193631 PMCID: PMC4507398 DOI: 10.1038/srep12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, RNA-guided genome editing using the type II clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein (Cas) system has been applied to edit the plant genome in several herbaceous plant species. However, it remains unknown whether this system can be used for genome editing in woody plants. In this study, we describe the genome editing and targeted gene mutation in a woody species, Populus tomentosa Carr. via the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Four guide RNAs (gRNAs) were designed to target with distinct poplar genomic sites of the phytoene desaturase gene 8 (PtoPDS) which are followed by the protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM). After Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, obvious albino phenotype was observed in transgenic poplar plants. By analyzing the RNA-guided genome-editing events, 30 out of 59 PCR clones were homozygous mutants, 2 out of 59 were heterozygous mutants and the mutation efficiency at these target sites was estimated to be 51.7%. Our data demonstrate that the Cas9/sgRNA system can be exploited to precisely edit genomic sequence and effectively create knockout mutations in woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Fan
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Transgenic Plant and Safety Control, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Transgenic Plant and Safety Control, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chaofeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Transgenic Plant and Safety Control, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 810008 Xining, China
| | - Bo Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Transgenic Plant and Safety Control, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Transgenic Plant and Safety Control, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yishu Hou
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Transgenic Plant and Safety Control, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Keming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Transgenic Plant and Safety Control, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 810008 Xining, China
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Hennig A, Kleinschmit JRG, Schoneberg S, Löffler S, Janßen A, Polle A. Water consumption and biomass production of protoplast fusion lines of poplar hybrids under drought stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:330. [PMID: 26042130 PMCID: PMC4436569 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Woody crops such as poplars (Populus) can contribute to meet the increasing energy demand of a growing human population and can therefore enhance the security of energy supply. Using energy from biomass increases ecological sustainability as biomass is considered to play a pivotal role in abating climate change. Because areas for establishing poplar plantations are often confined to marginal sites drought tolerance is one important trait for poplar genotypes cultivated in short rotation coppice. We tested 9-month-old plants of four tetraploid Populus tremula (L.) × P. tremuloides (Michx.) lines that were generated by protoplast fusion and their diploid counterpart for water consumption and drought stress responses in a greenhouse experiment. The fusion lines showed equivalent or decreased height growth, stem biomass and total leaf area compared to the diploid line. The relative height increment of the fusion lines was not reduced compared to the diploid line when the plants were exposed to drought. The fusion lines were distinguished from the diploid counterpart by stomatal characteristics such as increased size and lower density. The changes in the stomatal apparatus did not affect the stomatal conductance. When exposed to drought the carbohydrate concentrations increased more strongly in the fusion lines than in the diploid line. Two fusion lines consumed significantly less water with regard to height growth, producing equivalent or increased relative stem biomass under drought compared to their diploid relative. Therefore, these tetraploid fusion lines are interesting candidates for short rotation biomass plantation on dry sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Hennig
- Department for Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Büsgen-Institute, Georg-August University of GöttingenGöttingen, Germany
- Department Forest Genetic Resources, Northwest German Forest Research InstituteHann. Münden, Germany
| | - Jörg R. G. Kleinschmit
- Department Forest Genetic Resources, Northwest German Forest Research InstituteHann. Münden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schoneberg
- Department Ecoinformatics, Biometrics and Forest Growth, Büsgen-Institute, Georg-August University of GöttingenGöttingen, Germany
| | - Sonja Löffler
- Department for Monitoring and Forest Development, Forest Research Institute EberswaldeEberswalde, Germany
| | - Alwin Janßen
- Department Forest Genetic Resources, Northwest German Forest Research InstituteHann. Münden, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- Department for Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Büsgen-Institute, Georg-August University of GöttingenGöttingen, Germany
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Euring D, Bai H, Janz D, Polle A. Nitrogen-driven stem elongation in poplar is linked with wood modification and gene clusters for stress, photosynthesis and cell wall formation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:391. [PMID: 25547614 PMCID: PMC4302602 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0391-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogen is an important nutrient, often limiting plant productivity and yield. In poplars, woody crops used as feedstock for renewable resources and bioenergy, nitrogen fertilization accelerates growth of the young, expanding stem internodes. The underlying molecular mechanisms of nitrogen use for extension growth in poplars are not well understood. The aim of this study was to dissect the nitrogen-responsive transcriptional network in the elongation zone of Populus trichocarpa in relation to extension growth and cell wall properties. RESULTS Transcriptome analyses in the first two internodes of P. trichocarpa stems grown without or with nitrogen fertilization (5 mM NH4NO3) revealed 1037 more than 2-fold differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Co-expression analysis extracted a network containing about one-third of the DEGs with three main complexes of strongly clustered genes. These complexes represented three main processes that were responsive to N-driven growth: Complex 1 integrated growth processes and stress suggesting that genes with established functions in abiotic and biotic stress are also recruited to coordinate growth. Complex 2 was enriched in genes with decreased transcript abundance and functionally annotated as photosynthetic hub. Complex 3 was a hub for secondary cell wall formation connecting well-known transcription factors that control secondary cell walls with genes for the formation of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin. Anatomical and biochemical analysis supported that N-driven growth resulted in early secondary cell wall formation in the elongation zone with thicker cell walls and increased lignin. These alterations contrasted the N influence on the secondary xylem, where thinner cell walls with lower lignin contents than in unfertilized trees were formed. CONCLUSION This study uncovered that nitrogen-responsive elongation growth of poplar internodes is linked with abiotic stress, suppression of photosynthetic genes and stimulation of genes for cell wall formation. Anatomical and biochemical analysis supported increased accumulation of cell walls and secondary metabolites in the elongation zone. The finding of a nitrogen-responsive cell wall hub may have wider implications for the improvement of tree nitrogen use efficiency and opens new perspectives on the enhancement of wood composition as a feedstock for biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejuan Euring
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hua Bai
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dennis Janz
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Cao X, Jia J, Zhang C, Li H, Liu T, Jiang X, Polle A, Peng C, Luo ZB. Anatomical, physiological and transcriptional responses of two contrasting poplar genotypes to drought and re-watering. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2014; 151:480-94. [PMID: 24320774 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Populus × euramericana (Pe) displays higher stable carbon isotope composition (δ(13)C) and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) than Populus cathayana (Pc) under unlimited water conditions, rendering us to hypothesize that Pe is better acclimated to water deficiency than Pc. To examine this hypothesis, saplings of Pc and Pe were exposed to drought and subsequently re-watered. Pc and Pe exhibited distinct anatomical, physiological and transcriptional responses in acclimation to drought and re-watering, mainly due to stronger responsiveness of transcriptional regulation of genes encoding plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), higher starch accumulation, δ(13)C, stable nitrogen isotope composition (δ(15)N) and WUEi , and lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and scavenging in Pe. In acclimation to drought, both poplar genotypes demonstrated altered anatomical properties, declined height growth, differential expression of PIPs, activation of ABA signaling pathway, decreased total soluble sugars and starch, increased δ(13)C, δ(15)N and WUEi , and shifted homeostasis of ROS production and scavenging, and these changes can be recovered upon re-watering. These data indicate that Pe is more tolerant to drought than Pc, and that anatomical, physiological and transcriptional acclimation to drought and re-watering is essential for poplars to survive and grow under projected dry climate scenarios in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Cao
- College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Büsgen-Institute, Department of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Georg-August University, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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Hacquard S, Delaruelle C, Frey P, Tisserant E, Kohler A, Duplessis S. Transcriptome analysis of poplar rust telia reveals overwintering adaptation and tightly coordinated karyogamy and meiosis processes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:456. [PMID: 24312107 PMCID: PMC3835972 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Most rust fungi have a complex life cycle involving up to five different spore-producing stages. The telial stage that produces melanized overwintering teliospores is one of these and plays a fundamental role for generating genetic diversity as karyogamy and meiosis occur at that stage. Despite the importance of telia for the rust life cycle, almost nothing is known about the fungal genetic programs that are activated in this overwintering structure. In the present study, the transcriptome of telia produced by the poplar rust fungus Melampsora larici-populina has been investigated using whole genome exon oligoarrays and RT-qPCR. Comparative expression profiling at the telial and uredinial stages identifies genes specifically expressed or up-regulated in telia including osmotins/thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) and aquaporins that may reflect specific adaptation to overwintering as well numerous lytic enzymes acting on plant cell wall, reflecting extensive cell wall remodeling at that stage. The temporal dynamics of karyogamy was followed using combined RT-qPCR and DAPI-staining approaches. This reveals that fusion of nuclei and induction of karyogamy-related genes occur simultaneously between the 25 and 39 days post inoculation time frame. Transcript profiling of conserved meiosis genes indicates a preferential induction right after karyogamy and corroborates that meiosis begins prior to overwintering and is interrupted in Meiosis I (prophase I, diplonema stage) until teliospore germination in early spring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Hacquard
- INRA, UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres-MicroorganismesChampenoux, France
- UMR 1136, Université de Lorraine, Interactions Arbres-MicroorganismesVandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Christine Delaruelle
- INRA, UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres-MicroorganismesChampenoux, France
- UMR 1136, Université de Lorraine, Interactions Arbres-MicroorganismesVandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Pascal Frey
- INRA, UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres-MicroorganismesChampenoux, France
- UMR 1136, Université de Lorraine, Interactions Arbres-MicroorganismesVandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Emilie Tisserant
- INRA, UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres-MicroorganismesChampenoux, France
- UMR 1136, Université de Lorraine, Interactions Arbres-MicroorganismesVandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Annegret Kohler
- INRA, UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres-MicroorganismesChampenoux, France
- UMR 1136, Université de Lorraine, Interactions Arbres-MicroorganismesVandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Sébastien Duplessis
- INRA, UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres-MicroorganismesChampenoux, France
- UMR 1136, Université de Lorraine, Interactions Arbres-MicroorganismesVandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Bai H, Euring D, Volmer K, Janz D, Polle A. The nitrate transporter (NRT) gene family in poplar. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72126. [PMID: 23977227 PMCID: PMC3747271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrate is an important nutrient required for plant growth. It also acts as a signal regulating plant development. Nitrate is actively taken up and transported by nitrate transporters (NRT), which form a large family with many members and distinct functions. In contrast to Arabidopsis and rice there is little information about the NRT family in woody plants such as Populus. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of the Populus NRT family was performed. Sixty-eight PtNRT1/PTR, 6 PtNRT2, and 5 PtNRT3 genes were identified in the P. trichocarpa genome. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the genes of the NRT family are divided into three clades: NRT1/PTR with four subclades, NRT2, and NRT3. Topological analysis indicated that all members of PtNRT1/PTR and PtNRT2 have 8 to 12 trans-membrane domains, whereas the PtNRT3 proteins have no or up to two trans-membrane domains. Four PtNRT3 members were predicted as secreted proteins. Microarray analyses revealed tissue-specific expression patterns of PtNRT genes with distinct clusters of NRTs for roots, for the elongation zone of the apical stem segment and the developing xylem and a further cluster for leaves, bark and wood. A comparison of different poplar species (P. trichocarpa, P. tremula, P. euphratica, P. fremontii x P. angustifolia, and P. x canescens) showed that the tissue-specific patterns of the NRT genes varied to some extent with species. Bioinformatic analysis of putative cis-regulatory elements in the promoter regions of PtNRT family retrieved motifs suggesting the regulation of the NRT genes by N metabolism, by energy and carbon metabolism, and by phytohormones and stress. Multivariate analysis suggested that the combination and abundance of motifs in distinct promoters may lead to tissue-specificity. Our genome wide analysis of the PtNRT genes provides a valuable basis for functional analysis towards understanding the role of nitrate transporters for tree growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Bai
- Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dejuan Euring
- Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Volmer
- Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dennis Janz
- Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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