1
|
Pechmann LM, Pinheiro FI, Andrade VFC, Moreira CA. The multiple actions of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) and its pharmacological inhibition on bone metabolism: a review. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:175. [PMID: 39054499 PMCID: PMC11270814 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01412-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) plays a crucial role in breaking down various substrates. It also has effects on the insulin signaling pathway, contributing to insulin resistance, and involvement in inflammatory processes like obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Emerging effects of DPP-4 on bone metabolism include an inverse relationship between DPP-4 activity levels and bone mineral density, along with an increased risk of fractures. MAIN BODY The influence of DPP-4 on bone metabolism occurs through two axes. The entero-endocrine-osseous axis involves gastrointestinal substrates for DPP-4, including glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptides 1 (GLP-1) and 2 (GLP-2). Studies suggest that supraphysiological doses of exogenous GLP-2 has a significant inhibitory effect on bone resorption, however the specific mechanism by which GLP-2 influences bone metabolism remains unknown. Of these, GIP stands out for its role in bone formation. Other gastrointestinal DPP-4 substrates are pancreatic peptide YY and neuropeptide Y-both bind to the same receptors and appear to increase bone resorption and decrease bone formation. Adipokines (e.g., leptin and adiponectin) are regulated by DPP-4 and may influence bone remodeling and energy metabolism in a paracrine manner. The pancreatic-endocrine-osseous axis involves a potential link between DPP-4, bone, and energy metabolism through the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), which induces DPP-4 expression in osteoclasts, leading to decreased GLP-1 levels and increased blood glucose levels. Inhibitors of DPP-4 participate in the pancreatic-endocrine-osseous axis by increasing endogenous GLP-1. In addition to their glycemic effects, DPP-4 inhibitors have the potential to decrease bone resorption, increase bone formation, and reduce the incidence of osteoporosis and fractures. Still, many questions on the interactions between DPP-4 and bone remain unanswered, particularly regarding the effects of DPP-4 inhibition on the skeleton of older individuals. CONCLUSION The elucidation of the intricate interactions and impact of DPP-4 on bone is paramount for a proper understanding of the body's mechanisms in regulating bone homeostasis and responses to internal stimuli. This understanding bears significant implications in the investigation of conditions like osteoporosis, in which disruptions to these signaling pathways occur. Further research is essential to uncover the full extent of DPP-4's effects on bone metabolism and energy regulation, paving the way for novel therapeutic interventions targeting these pathways, particularly in older individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L M Pechmann
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Endocrine Division (SEMPR), Centro de Diabetes Curitiba, Academic Research Center Pro Renal Institute, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - F I Pinheiro
- Biotechnology at Universidade Potiguar and Discipline of Ophthalmology at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
| | - V F C Andrade
- Academic Research Center Pro Renal Institute, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Cínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná (SEMPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - C A Moreira
- Academic Research Center Pro Renal Institute, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clinicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná ( SEMPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kotrulev M, Gomez-Touriño I, Cordero OJ. Soluble CD26: From Suggested Biomarker for Cancer Diagnosis to Plausible Marker for Dynamic Monitoring of Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2427. [PMID: 39001488 PMCID: PMC11240764 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Soluble CD26 (sCD26), a glycoprotein with dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP4) enzymatic activity, can contribute to early diagnosis of colorectal cancer and advanced adenomas and has been studied, including for prognostic purposes, across various other types of cancer and disease. The latest research in this field has confirmed that most, though not all, serum/plasma sCD26 is related to inflammation. The shedding and/or secretion of sCD26 from different immune cells are being investigated, and blood DPP4 activity levels do not correlate very strongly with protein titers. Some of the main substrates of this enzyme are key chemokines involved in immune cell migration, and both soluble and cell-surface CD26 can bind adenosine deaminase (ADA), an enzyme involved in the metabolism of immunosuppressor extracellular adenosine. Of note, there are T cells enriched in CD26 expression and, in mice tumor models, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes exhibited heightened percentages of CD26+ correlating with tumor regression. We employed sCD26 as a biomarker in the follow-up after curative resection of colorectal cancer for the early detection of tumor recurrence. Changes after treatment with different biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, including Ig-CTLA4, were also observed in rheumatoid arthritis. Serum soluble CD26/DPP4 titer variation has recently been proposed as a potential prognostic biomarker after a phase I trial in cancer immunotherapy with a humanized anti-CD26 antibody. We propose that dynamic monitoring of sCD26/DPP4 changes, in addition to well-known inflammatory biomarkers such as CRP already in use as informative for immune checkpoint immunotherapy, may indicate resistance or response during the successive steps of the treatment. As tumor cells expressing CD26 can also produce sCD26, the possibility of sorting immune- from non-immune-system-originated sCD26 is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kotrulev
- Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.K.); (I.G.-T.)
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Iria Gomez-Touriño
- Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.K.); (I.G.-T.)
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Oscar J. Cordero
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shih JW, Wu ATH, Mokgautsi N, Wei PL, Huang YJ. Preclinical Repurposing of Sitagliptin as a Drug Candidate for Colorectal Cancer by Targeting CD24/ CTNNB1/ SOX4-Centered Signaling Hub. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:609. [PMID: 38203779 PMCID: PMC10778938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in treatment modalities, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a poorly understood and highly lethal malignancy worldwide. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the tumor microenvironment (TME) have been shown to play critical roles in initiating and promoting CRC progression, metastasis, and treatment resistance. Therefore, a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms contributing to the generation and maintenance of CSCs is crucial to developing CSC-specific therapeutics and improving the current standard of care for CRC patients. To this end, we used a bioinformatics approach to identify increased CD24/SOX4 expression in CRC samples associated with poor prognosis. We also discovered a novel population of tumor-infiltrating CD24+ cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), suggesting that the CD24/SOX4-centered signaling hub could be a potential therapeutic target. Pathway networking analysis revealed a connection between the CD24/SOX4-centered signaling, β-catenin, and DPP4. Emerging evidence indicates that DPP4 plays a role in CRC initiation and progression, implicating its involvement in generating CSCs. Based on these bioinformatics data, we investigated whether sitagliptin, a DPP4 inhibitor and diabetic drug, could be repurposed to inhibit colon CSCs. Using a molecular docking approach, we demonstrated that sitagliptin targeted CD24/SOX4-centered signaling molecules with high affinity. In vitro experimental data showed that sitagliptin treatment suppressed CRC tumorigenic properties and worked in synergy with 5FU and this study thus provided preclinical evidence to support the alternative use of sitagliptin for treating CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Shih
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (J.-W.S.); (N.M.)
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Alexander T. H. Wu
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- International Ph.D. Program for Translational Science, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Clinical Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Ntlotlang Mokgautsi
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (J.-W.S.); (N.M.)
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Po-Li Wei
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Jiun Huang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sivaraman SA, Sabareesh V. An Update on Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibiting Peptides. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2024; 25:267-285. [PMID: 38173201 DOI: 10.2174/0113892037287976231212104607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder. According to the International Diabetes Federation, about 537 million people are living with diabetes. The two types of diabetes are type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), among which the population affected by T2DM is relatively higher. A major reason for T2DM is that insulin stimulation is hampered due to the inactivation of incretin hormones. Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) is a serine protease that is directly involved in the inactivation of incretin hormones, e.g., glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Therefore, the inhibition of DPP-IV can be a promising method for managing T2DM, in addition to other enzyme inhibition strategies, such as inhibition of α-amylase and α -glucosidase. Currently, about 12 different gliptin drugs are available in the market that inhibit DPP-IV in a dose-dependent manner. Instead of gliptins, 'peptides' can also be employed as an alternative and promising way to inhibit DPP-IV. Peptide inhibitors of DPP-IV have been identified from various plants and animals. Chemically synthesized peptides have also been experimented for inhibiting DPP-IV. Most peptides have been analysed by biochemical assays, whereas some in vitro assays have also been reported. Molecular docking analysis has been applied to comprehend the mechanism of inhibition. In this review, certain aspects of natural as well as synthetic peptides are described that have been proven to inhibit DPP-IV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachithanantham Annapoorani Sivaraman
- Centre for Bio-Separation Technology (CBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632 014, India
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632 014, India
| | - Varatharajan Sabareesh
- Centre for Bio-Separation Technology (CBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632 014, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li J, Ma M, Li J, Xu L, Song D, Ma P, Fei Q. Visualizing Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV with an Advanced Non-π-Conjugated Fluorescent Probe for Early Thyroid Disease Diagnosis. Anal Chem 2023; 95:17577-17585. [PMID: 38050673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Early detection and effective treatment of thyroid cancer are vital due to the aggressiveness and high mortality rate of the cancer. Nevertheless, the exploration of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) as a biomarker for thyroid diseases has not been widely conducted. In this study, we developed a novel non-π-conjugated near-infrared fluorescent probe, MB-DPP4, specifically designed to visualize and detect endogenous DPP-IV. Traditional DPP-IV-specific fluorescent probes rely primarily on the intramolecular charge transfer mechanism. For this reason, these probes are often hampered by high background levels that can inhibit their ability to achieve a fluorescence turn-on effect. MB-DPP4 successfully surmounts several drawbacks of traditional DPP-IV probes, boasting unique features such as exceptional selectivity, ultrahigh sensitivity (0.29 ng/mL), innovative structure, low background, and long-wavelength fluorescence. MB-DPP4 is an "off-on" chemosensor that exhibits strong fluorescence at 715 nm and releases a methylene blue (MB) fluorophore upon interacting with DPP-IV, resulting in a visible color change from colorless to blue. Given these remarkable attributes, MB-DPP4 shows great promise as a versatile tool for advancing research on biological processes and for evaluating the physiological roles of DPP-IV in living systems. Finally, we conducted a comprehensive investigation of DPP-IV expression in human serum, urine, thyroid cells, and mouse thyroid tumor models. Our findings could potentially establish a foundation for the early diagnosis and treatment of thyroid diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Mo Ma
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jingkang Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lanlan Xu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Daqian Song
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Pinyi Ma
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Qiang Fei
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Drakul M, Čolić M. Immunomodulatory activity of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in immune-related diseases. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250302. [PMID: 37732495 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), also known as CD26, is a 110-kDa cell surface glycoprotein with enzymatic and signal transducing activity. DPP-4/CD26 is expressed by various cells, including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and NK cells. DPP-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) were introduced to clinics in 2006 as new oral antihyperglycemic drugs approved for type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment. In addition to glucose-lowering effects, emerging data, from clinical studies and their animal models, suggest that DPP-4i could display anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects as well, but the molecular and immunological mechanisms of these actions are insufficiently investigated. This review focuses on the modulatory activity of DPP-4i in the immune system and the possible application of DPP-4i in other immune-related diseases in patients with or without diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marija Drakul
- Medical Faculty Foča, University of East Sarajevo, Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Miodrag Čolić
- Medical Faculty Foča, University of East Sarajevo, Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Galati D, Zanotta S, Capone M, Madonna G, Mallardo D, Romanelli M, Simeone E, Festino L, Sparano F, Azzaro R, De Filippi R, Pinto A, Paulos CM, Ascierto PA. Potential clinical implications of CD4 +CD26 high T cells for nivolumab treated melanoma patients. J Transl Med 2023; 21:318. [PMID: 37170241 PMCID: PMC10176780 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04184-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nivolumab is an anti-PD1 antibody that has dramatically improved metastatic melanoma patients' outcomes. Nevertheless, many patients are resistant to PD-1 inhibition, occasionally experiencing severe off-target immune toxicity. In addition, no robust and reproducible biomarkers have yet been validated to identify the correct selection of patients who will benefit from anti-PD-1 treatment avoiding unwanted side effects. However, the strength of CD26 expression on CD4+ T lymphocytes permits the characterization of three subtypes with variable degrees of responsiveness to tumors, suggesting that the presence of CD26-expressing T cells in patients might be a marker of responsiveness to PD-1-based therapies. METHODS The frequency distribution of peripheral blood CD26-expressing cells was investigated employing multi-parametric flow cytometry in 69 metastatic melanoma patients along with clinical characteristics and blood count parameters at baseline (W0) and compared to 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Percentages of baseline CD4+CD26high T cells were correlated with the outcome after nivolumab treatment. In addition, the frequency of CD4+CD26high T cells at W0 was compared with those obtained after 12 weeks (W1) of therapy in a sub-cohort of 33 patients. RESULTS Circulating CD4+CD26high T cells were significantly reduced in melanoma patients compared to healthy subjects (p = 0.001). In addition, a significant association was observed between a low baseline percentage of CD4+CD26high T cells (< 7.3%) and clinical outcomes, measured as overall survival (p = 0.010) and progression-free survival (p = 0.014). Moreover, patients with clinical benefit from nivolumab therapy had significantly higher frequencies of circulating CD4+CD26high T cells than patients with non-clinical benefit (p = 0.004) at 12 months. Also, a higher pre-treatment proportion of circulating CD4+CD26high T cells was correlated with Disease Control Rate (p = 0.014) and best Overall Response Rate (p = 0.009) at 12 months. Interestingly, after 12 weeks (W1) of nivolumab treatment, percentages of CD4+CD26high T cells were significantly higher in comparison with the frequencies measured at W0 (p < 0.0001), aligning the cell counts with the ranges seen in the blood of healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS Our study firstly demonstrates that peripheral blood circulating CD4+CD26high T lymphocytes represent potential biomarkers whose perturbations are associated with reduced survival and worse clinical outcomes in melanoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Galati
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Zanotta
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariaelena Capone
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
- Melanoma Cancer Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Madonna
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
- Melanoma Cancer Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Mallardo
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
- Melanoma Cancer Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Marilena Romanelli
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
- Melanoma Cancer Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Ester Simeone
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
- Melanoma Cancer Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Festino
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
- Melanoma Cancer Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Sparano
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
- Melanoma Cancer Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Azzaro
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria De Filippi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università Degli Studi Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Pinto
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Chrystal M. Paulos
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Paolo A. Ascierto
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
- Melanoma Cancer Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Valverde-Pozo J, Paredes JM, Widmann TJ, Griñan-Lison C, Ceccarelli G, Gioiello A, Garcia-Rubiño ME, Marchal JA, Alvarez-Pez JM, Talavera EM. Ratiometric Two-Photon Near-Infrared Probe to Detect DPP IV in Human Plasma, Living Cells, Human Tissues, and Whole Organisms Using Zebrafish. ACS Sens 2023; 8:1064-1075. [PMID: 36847549 PMCID: PMC10043939 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
DPP IV, otherwise known as CD26 lymphocyte T surface antigen, is a transmembrane glycoprotein also found in circulation in the blood. It plays an important role in several processes like glucose metabolism and T-cell stimulation. Moreover, it is overexpressed in renal, colon, prostate, and thyroid human carcinoma tissues. It can also serve as a diagnostic in patients with lysosomal storage diseases. The biological and clinical importance of having readouts for the activity of this enzyme, in physiological and disease conditions, has led us to design a near-infrared (NIR) fluorimetric probe that also has the characteristics of being ratiometric and excitable by two simultaneous NIR photons. The probe consists of assembling an enzyme recognition group (Gly-Pro) (Mentlein, 1999; Klemann et al., 2016) on the two-photon (TP) fluorophore (derivative of dicyanomethylene-4H-pyran, DCM-NH2) disturbing its NIR characteristic internal charge transfer (ICT) emission spectrum. When the dipeptide group is released by the DPP IV-specific enzymatic action, the donor-acceptor DCM-NH2 is restored, forming a system that shows high ratiometric fluorescence output. With this new probe, we have been able to detect, quickly and efficiently, the enzymatic activity of DPP IV in living cells, human tissues, and whole organisms, using zebrafish. In addition, due to the possibility of being excited by two photons, we can avoid the autofluorescence and subsequent photobleaching that the raw plasma has when it is excited by visible light, achieving detection of the activity of DPP IV in that medium without interference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Valverde-Pozo
- Nanoscopy-UGR Laboratory, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Unidad de Excelencia en Quimica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), University of Granada, C. U. Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jose M Paredes
- Nanoscopy-UGR Laboratory, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Unidad de Excelencia en Quimica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), University of Granada, C. U. Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Thomas J Widmann
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Griñan-Lison
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
- UGC de Oncología Médica, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaen, 23007 Jaen, Spain
| | - Giada Ceccarelli
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Advanced Synthetic Chemistry (Lab MASC), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Antimo Gioiello
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Advanced Synthetic Chemistry (Lab MASC), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - M Eugenia Garcia-Rubiño
- Nanoscopy-UGR Laboratory, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Unidad de Excelencia en Quimica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), University of Granada, C. U. Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan A Marchal
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Jose M Alvarez-Pez
- Nanoscopy-UGR Laboratory, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Unidad de Excelencia en Quimica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), University of Granada, C. U. Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Eva M Talavera
- Nanoscopy-UGR Laboratory, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Unidad de Excelencia en Quimica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), University of Granada, C. U. Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yamagishi A, Nishida H, Ito H, Fukuhara H, Tsuchiya N. Urinary dipeptidyl peptidase-4 is a useful marker for tubulitis, and it is released from the tubular cells of kidney transplant recipients. RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s41100-022-00421-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Biomarkers are needed to diagnose kidney rejection in transplant recipients. We evaluated whether dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) could serve as a biomarker of rejection.
Methods
We determined DPP-4 concentrations and enzymatic activities in serum and urine, as well as DPP-4 expression in 49 kidney biopsy samples from 28 kidney transplant recipients. This study was approved by the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and comply with Helsinki declaration. All patients provided their informed consent. Donors were not from prisoners and were not paid or coerced.
Results
Serum and urinary DPP-4 activities closely correlated with DPP-4 concentrations, but were suppressed by DPP-4 inhibitors. Urinary DPP-4 concentrations increased with acute T cell-mediated rejection (ATCMR; p = 0.030) and higher Banff t and i scores (p < 0.001), and correlated with urinary protein/creatinine ratios (r = 0.450), and inversely with estimated glomerular filtration rate (r = − 0.604). The area under the receiver operator characteristics curves for urinary DPP-4 concentrations with either Banff t3 or i3 scores were 0.811 (95% confidence interval: 0.687–0.934). The expression of DPP-4 in renal tubular cells was decreased in patients with ATCMR and higher in those with Banff t, i, ct, ci, ah, and ti scores, but was not associated with interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy.
Conclusions
We speculated that ATCMR leads to DPP-4 release from tubular cells into urine, resulting in a decrease in tubular cell expression. If so, then ATCMR would induce the elevation of urinary DPP-4 and could therefore serve as a biomarker of tubulitis.
Collapse
|
10
|
CD26 and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14215194. [PMID: 36358613 PMCID: PMC9655702 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
11
|
De Chiara L, Barcia-Castro L, Gallardo-Gómez M, Páez de la Cadena M, Martínez-Zorzano VS, Rodríguez-Berrocal FJ, Bujanda L, Etxart A, Castells A, Balaguer F, Jover R, Cubiella J, Cordero OJ. Evaluation of Blood Soluble CD26 as a Complementary Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer Screening Programs. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194563. [PMID: 36230486 PMCID: PMC9559671 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fecal hemoglobin immunodetection (FIT) in combination with endoscopy has been implemented to reduce mortality from colorectal cancer (CRC), although there are issues that can be improved in relation to participation rates. We studied whether the blood biomarker soluble-CD26 (sCD26), related at least in part to the immune system and inflammation, and/or its dipeptidyl peptidase enzyme activity (DPP4), could help reduce false positives. In a cohort of 1703 individuals who underwent colonoscopy and had a serum sample, sCD26 and DPP4 activity showed statistically significant differences regarding sex and age. According to the colonoscopy findings, sCD26 and DPP4 activity progressively decreased in advanced adenomas and CRC, with statistically significant differences, even between both groups; 918 of them had a FIT result (n = 596 positive cases) with approximately 70% of these (n = 412) false positives. With cut-offs of 440 ng/mL for sCD26, 42 mU/mL for DPP4, and 11 ng/mU for their ratio, the combined information of the three biomarkers (at least positive for one biomarker) identified almost all advanced adenomas and CRC cases in the FIT cohort with approximately half of the false positives compared to FIT. A sequential testing strategy with FIT and our blood biomarker test is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loretta De Chiara
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Universidade de Vigo, 36210 Vigo, Spain
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 36210 Vigo, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36213 Vigo, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.D.C.); (O.J.C.); Tel.: +34 986130051 (L.D.C.)
| | - Leticia Barcia-Castro
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Universidade de Vigo, 36210 Vigo, Spain
| | - María Gallardo-Gómez
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Universidade de Vigo, 36210 Vigo, Spain
| | - María Páez de la Cadena
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Universidade de Vigo, 36210 Vigo, Spain
| | | | | | - Luis Bujanda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ane Etxart
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitario Donostia, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Antoni Castells
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Balaguer
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Jover
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Joaquín Cubiella
- Department of Gastroenterology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, CIBERehd, 32005 Ourense, Spain
| | - Oscar J. Cordero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CIBUS Building, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.D.C.); (O.J.C.); Tel.: +34 986130051 (L.D.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Consalvo KM, Kirolos SA, Sestak CE, Gomer RH. Sex-Based Differences in Human Neutrophil Chemorepulsion. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:354-367. [PMID: 35793910 PMCID: PMC9283293 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A considerable amount is known about how eukaryotic cells move toward an attractant, and the mechanisms are conserved from Dictyostelium discoideum to human neutrophils. Relatively little is known about chemorepulsion, where cells move away from a repellent signal. We previously identified pathways mediating chemorepulsion in Dictyostelium, and here we show that these pathways, including Ras, Rac, protein kinase C, PTEN, and ERK1 and 2, are required for human neutrophil chemorepulsion, and, as with Dictyostelium chemorepulsion, PI3K and phospholipase C are not necessary, suggesting that eukaryotic chemorepulsion mechanisms are conserved. Surprisingly, there were differences between male and female neutrophils. Inhibition of Rho-associated kinases or Cdc42 caused male neutrophils to be more repelled by a chemorepellent and female neutrophils to be attracted to the chemorepellent. In the presence of a chemorepellent, compared with male neutrophils, female neutrophils showed a reduced percentage of repelled neutrophils, greater persistence of movement, more adhesion, less accumulation of PI(3,4,5)P3, and less polymerization of actin. Five proteins associated with chemorepulsion pathways are differentially abundant, with three of the five showing sex dimorphism in protein localization in unstimulated male and female neutrophils. Together, this indicates a fundamental difference in a motility mechanism in the innate immune system in men and women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara A Kirolos
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Chelsea E Sestak
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Richard H Gomer
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Proline-specific peptidase activities (DPP4, PRCP, FAP and PREP) in plasma of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 531:4-11. [PMID: 35283094 PMCID: PMC8920094 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 patients experience several features of dysregulated immune system observed in sepsis. We previously showed a dysregulation of several proline-selective peptidases such as dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP), prolyl oligopeptidase (PREP) and prolylcarboxypeptidase (PRCP) in sepsis. In this study, we investigated whether these peptidases are similarly dysregulated in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. METHODS Fifty-six hospitalized COVID-19 patients and 32 healthy controls were included. Enzymatic activities of DPP4, FAP, PREP and PRCP were measured in samples collected shortly after hospital admission and in longitudinal follow-up samples. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, both DPP4 and FAP activities were significantly lower in COVID-19 patients at hospital admission and FAP activity further decreased significantly in the first week of hospitalization. While PRCP activity remained unchanged, PREP activity was significantly increased in COVID-19 patients at hospitalization and further increased during hospital stay and stayed elevated until the day of discharge. CONCLUSION The changes in activities of proline-selective peptidases in plasma are very similar in COVID-19 and septic shock patients. The pronounced decrease in FAP activity deserves further investigation, both from a pathophysiological viewpoint and as its utility as a part of a biomarker panel.
Collapse
|
14
|
Patarrão RS, Duarte N, Coelho I, Ward J, Ribeiro RT, Meneses MJ, Andrade R, Costa J, Correia I, Boavida JM, Duarte R, Gardete-Correia L, Medina JL, Pell J, Petrie J, Raposo JF, Macedo MP, Penha-Gonçalves C. Prediabetes blunts DPP4 genetic control of postprandial glycaemia and insulin secretion. Diabetologia 2022; 65:861-871. [PMID: 35190847 PMCID: PMC8960640 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05638-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Imbalances in glucose metabolism are hallmarks of clinically silent prediabetes (defined as impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance) representing dysmetabolism trajectories leading to type 2 diabetes. CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is a clinically proven molecular target of diabetes-controlling drugs but the DPP4 gene control of dysglycaemia is not proven. METHODS We dissected the genetic control of post-OGTT and insulin release responses by the DPP4 gene in a Portuguese population-based cohort of mainly European ancestry that comprised individuals with normoglycaemia and prediabetes, and in mouse experimental models of Dpp4 deficiency and hyperenergetic diet. RESULTS In individuals with normoglycaemia, DPP4 single-nucleotide variants governed glycaemic excursions (rs4664446, p=1.63x10-7) and C-peptide release responses (rs2300757, p=6.86x10-5) upon OGTT. Association with blood glucose levels was stronger at 30 min OGTT, but a higher association with the genetic control of insulin secretion was detected in later phases of the post-OGTT response, suggesting that the DPP4 gene directly senses glucose challenges. Accordingly, in mice fed a normal chow diet but not a high-fat diet, we found that, under OGTT, expression of Dpp4 is strongly downregulated at 30 min in the mouse liver. Strikingly, no genetic association was found in prediabetic individuals, indicating that post-OGTT control by DPP4 is abrogated in prediabetes. Furthermore, Dpp4 KO mice provided concordant evidence that Dpp4 modulates post-OGTT C-peptide release in normoglycaemic but not dysmetabolic states. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These results showed the DPP4 gene as a strong determinant of post-OGTT levels via glucose-sensing mechanisms that are abrogated in prediabetes. We propose that impairments in DPP4 control of post-OGTT insulin responses are part of molecular mechanisms underlying early metabolic disturbances associated with type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita S Patarrão
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Nádia Duarte
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Inês Coelho
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joey Ward
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rogério T Ribeiro
- Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal/Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Médicas, Instituto de Biomedicina (iBiMED), Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria João Meneses
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal/Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Andrade
- Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal/Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Costa
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Isabel Correia
- Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal/Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Manuel Boavida
- Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal/Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui Duarte
- Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal/Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Gardete-Correia
- Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal/Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Jill Pell
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - John Petrie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - João F Raposo
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal/Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal
- Sociedade Portuguesa de Diabetologia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Paula Macedo
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal/Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal.
- Departamento de Ciências Médicas, Instituto de Biomedicina (iBiMED), Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
- Sociedade Portuguesa de Diabetologia, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Penha-Gonçalves
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal.
- Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal/Diabetes Portugal Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisbon, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Alkharsah KR, Aljaroodi SA, Rahman JU, Alnafie AN, Al Dossary R, Aljindan RY, Alnimr AM, Hussen J. Low levels of soluble DPP4 among Saudis may have constituted a risk factor for MERS endemicity. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266603. [PMID: 35413090 PMCID: PMC9004781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) were reported in Saudi Arabia. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) was identified as the receptor for the virus. The level of soluble DPP4 (sDPP4) was found to be reduced in MERS-CoV infected patients while high levels of sDPP4 were suggested to be protective against MERS-CoV in animal models. We investigated whether the Saudi population has lower levels of sDPP4 which makes them more susceptible to MERS-CoV infection and, therefore, could explain the larger number of cases from the country. Blood samples were collected from 219 Saudi blood donors and 200 blood donors from other ethnic groups. The plasma level of sDPP4 was measured by ELISA and the following SNPs in the DPP4 gene; rs35128070, rs1861978, rs79700168, and rs17574, were genotyped by TaqMan SNP genotyping assay. The average level of plasma sDDP4 was significantly lower in Saudis than other Arabs and non-Arabs (P value 0.0003 and 0.012, respectively). The genotypes AG of rs35128070 and GT of rs1861978 were significantly associated with lower sDPP4 among Saudis (P value 0.002 for each). While both genotypes AA and AG of rs79700168 and rs17574 were associated with significantly lower average sDPP4 level in Saudis compared to other ethnic groups (P value 0.031 and 0.032, and 0.027 and 0.014, respectively). Herein, we report that the Saudi population has lower levels of plasma sDPP4 than other ethnic groups, which is associated with genetic variants in the DPP4 gene. This may have contributed to increase the susceptibility of the Saudi population to MERS-CoV infection and could be a factor in the long-lasting persistence of the virus in the country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled R. Alkharsah
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| | - Salma Ali Aljaroodi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawad Ur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awatif N. Alnafie
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Al Dossary
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Y. Aljindan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani M. Alnimr
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal Hussen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lettau M, Janssen O. Intra- and Extracellular Effector Vesicles From Human T And NK Cells: Same-Same, but Different? Front Immunol 2022; 12:804895. [PMID: 35003134 PMCID: PMC8733945 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.804895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and Natural Killer (NK) cells utilize an overlapping effector arsenal for the elimination of target cells. It was initially proposed that all cytotoxic effector proteins are stored in lysosome-related effector vesicles (LREV) termed "secretory lysosomes" as a common storage compartment and are only released into the immunological synapse formed between the effector and target cell. The analysis of enriched LREV, however, revealed an uneven distribution of individual effectors in morphologically distinct vesicular entities. Two major populations of LREV were distinguished based on their protein content and signal requirements for degranulation. Light vesicles carrying FasL and 15 kDa granulysin are released in a PKC-dependent and Ca2+-independent manner, whereas dense granules containing perforin, granzymes and 9 kDa granulysin require Ca2+-signaling as a hallmark of classical degranulation. Notably, both types of LREV do not only contain the mentioned cytolytic effectors, but also store and transport diverse other immunomodulatory proteins including MHC class I and II, costimulatory and adhesion molecules, enzymes (i.e. CD26/DPP4) or cytokines. Interestingly, the recent analyses of CTL- or NK cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) revealed the presence of a related mixture of proteins in microvesicles or exosomes that in fact resemble fingerprints of the cells of origin. This overlapping protein profile indicates a direct relation of intra- and extracellular vesicles. Since EV potentially also interact with cells at distant sites (apart from the IS), they might act as additional effector vesicles or intercellular communicators in a more systemic fashion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Lettau
- Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine II, Unit for Hematological Diagnostics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ottmar Janssen
- Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nasr NE, Sadek KM. Role and mechanism(s) of incretin-dependent therapies for treating diabetes mellitus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:18408-18422. [PMID: 35031999 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18534-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a worldwide ailment which leads to chronic complications like cardiac disorders, renal perturbations, limb amputation and blindness. Type one diabetes (T1DM), Type two diabetes (T2DM), Another types of diabetes, such as genetic errors in function of β-cell and action of insulin, cystic fibrosis, chemical-instigated diabetes or following tissue transplantation), and pregnancy DM (GDM). In response to nutritional ingestion, the gut may release a pancreatic stimulant that affects carbohydrate metabolism. The duodenum produces a 'chemical excitant' that stimulates pancreatic output, and researchers have sought to cure diabetes using gut extract injections, coining the word 'incretin' to describe the phenomena. Incretins include GIP and GLP-1. The 'enteroinsular axis' is the link between pancreas and intestine. Nutrient, neuronal and hormonal impulses from intestine to cells secreting insulin were thought to be part of this axis. In addition, the hormonal component, incretin, must meet two requirements: (1) it secreted by foods, mainly carbohydrates, and (2) it must induce an insulinotropic effect which is glucose-dependent. In this review, we clarify the ability of using incretin-dependent treatments for treating DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasr E Nasr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Kadry M Sadek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sharma A, Virmani T, Sharma A, Chhabra V, Kumar G, Pathak K, Alhalmi A. Potential Effect of DPP-4 Inhibitors Towards Hepatic Diseases and Associated Glucose Intolerance. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:1845-1864. [PMID: 35733643 PMCID: PMC9208633 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s369712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is an enzyme having various properties and physiological roles in lipid accumulation, resistance to anticancer agents, and immune stimulation. DPP-4 includes membrane-bound peptidases and is a kind of enzyme that cleaves alanine or proline-containing peptides such as incretins, chemokines, and appetite-suppressing hormones (neuropeptide) at their N-terminal dipeptides. DPP-4 plays a role in the final breakdown of peptides produced by other endo and exo-peptidases from nutritious proteins and their absorption in these tissues. DPP-4 enzyme activity has different modes of action on glucose metabolism, hunger regulation, gastrointestinal motility, immune system function, inflammation, and pain regulation. According to the literature survey, as DPP-4 levels increase in individuals with liver conditions, up-regulation of hepatic DPP-4 expression is likely to be the cause of glucose intolerance or insulin resistance. This review majorly focuses on the cleavage of alanine or proline-containing peptides such as incretins by the DPP-4 and its resulting conditions like glucose intolerance and cause of DPP-4 level elevation due to some liver conditions. Thus, we have discussed the various effects of DPP-4 on the liver diseases like hepatitis C, non-alcoholic fatty liver, hepatic regeneration and stem cell, hepatocellular carcinoma, and the impact of elevated DPP-4 levels in association with liver diseases as a cause of glucose intolerance and their treatment drug of choices. In addition, the effect of DPP-4 inhibitors on obesity and their negative aspects are also discussed in brief.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MVN University, Palwal, Haryana, 121105, India
| | - Tarun Virmani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MVN University, Palwal, Haryana, 121105, India
| | - Anjali Sharma
- Freelancer, Pharmacovigilance Expert, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vaishnavi Chhabra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MVN University, Palwal, Haryana, 121105, India
| | - Girish Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MVN University, Palwal, Haryana, 121105, India
| | - Kamla Pathak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Uttar Pradesh, 206130, India
| | - Abdulsalam Alhalmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Aden University, Aden, Yemen
- Correspondence: Abdulsalam Alhalmi, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Aden University, Aden, Yemen, Email
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jiang TT, Kruglov O, Lin GHY, Minic A, Jordan K, Uger RA, Wong M, Shou Y, Akilov OE. Clinical Response to Anti-CD47 Immunotherapy Is Associated with Rapid Reduction of Exhausted Bystander CD4 + BTLA + T Cells in Tumor Microenvironment of Mycosis Fungoides. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235982. [PMID: 34885092 PMCID: PMC8656720 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The identification of the events that accompany cancer progression is essential for developing new therapies. We have used mycosis fungoides, the most common type of cutaneous lymphoma, as a model for our study. We have shown that cancer progression is accompanied by the expansion of exhausted immune cells around malignant cells. Those exhausted cells prevent immune activation, blocking cancer clearance by the immune system. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that novel anti-CD47 immunotherapy with mycosis fungoides leads to the reduction of exhausted T cells accompanied by the expansion of NK and CD8+ T cells. These therapeutic benefits of CD47 blockade were further facilitated by interferon-α, which stimulates cytotoxic cells. Thus, we showed that CD47 might serve as an effective therapeutic target in treating mycosis fungoides. Abstract Cancer progression in mycosis fungoides, the most common form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, occurs in a predictable, sequential pattern that starts from patches and that evolves to plaques and later to tumors. Therefore, unlocking the relationship between the microarchitecture of mycosis fungoides and the clinical counterparts of that microstructure represents important steps for the design of targeted therapies. Using multispectral fluorescent imaging, we show that the progression of mycosis fungoides from plaque to tumor parallels the cutaneous expansion of the malignant CD4+ T cells that express TOX. The density of exhausted BTLA+ CD4+ T cells around malignant CD4+TOX+ cells was higher in tumors than it was in plaques, suggesting that undesired safeguards are in place within the tumor microenvironment that prevent immune activation and subsequent cancer eradication. Overriding the CD47 checkpoint with an intralesional SIRPαFc fusion decoy receptor induced the resolution of mycosis fungoides in patients that paralleled an amplified expansion of NK and CD8+ T cells in addition to a reduction of the exhausted BTLA+ CD4+ T cells that were engaged in promiscuous intercellular interactions. These therapeutic benefits of the CD47 blockade were further unleashed by adjuvant interferon-α, which stimulates cytotoxic cells, underscoring the importance of an inflamed microenvironment in facilitating the response to immunotherapy. Collectively, these findings support CD47 as a therapeutic target in treating mycosis fungoides and demonstrate a synergistic role of interferon-α in exploiting these clinical benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tony T. Jiang
- Cutaneous Lymphoma Program, Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (T.T.J.); (O.K.)
| | - Oleg Kruglov
- Cutaneous Lymphoma Program, Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (T.T.J.); (O.K.)
| | - Gloria H. Y. Lin
- Trillium Therapeutics Inc., Mississauga, ON L5L 1J9, Canada; (G.H.Y.L.); (R.A.U.); (M.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Angela Minic
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (A.M.); (K.J.)
| | - Kimberly Jordan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (A.M.); (K.J.)
| | - Robert A. Uger
- Trillium Therapeutics Inc., Mississauga, ON L5L 1J9, Canada; (G.H.Y.L.); (R.A.U.); (M.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Mark Wong
- Trillium Therapeutics Inc., Mississauga, ON L5L 1J9, Canada; (G.H.Y.L.); (R.A.U.); (M.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yaping Shou
- Trillium Therapeutics Inc., Mississauga, ON L5L 1J9, Canada; (G.H.Y.L.); (R.A.U.); (M.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Oleg E. Akilov
- Cutaneous Lymphoma Program, Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (T.T.J.); (O.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-412-648-9982
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
The Serine Protease CD26/DPP4 in Non-Transformed and Malignant T Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235947. [PMID: 34885056 PMCID: PMC8657226 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The transmembrane serine protease CD26/Dipeptidylpeptidase 4 modulates T-cell activation, proliferation, and effector function. Due to their remarkable tumoricidal properties CD26-positive T cells are considered promising candidates for T cell-based immunotherapies while in cutaneous T cell lymphoma CD26/DPP4 expression patterns are established markers for diagnosis and possibly prognosis. With a focus on T cells, we review current knowledge on the regulation of CD26/DPP4 expression and release, its implication in T-cell effector function and the suitability CD26/DPP4 as a diagnostic and/or prognostic factor in T-cell malignancies. Abstract CD26/Dipeptidylpeptidase 4 is a transmembrane serine protease that cleaves off N-terminal dipeptides. CD26/DPP4 is expressed on several immune cell types including T and NK cells, dendritic cells, and activated B cells. A catalytically active soluble form of CD26/DPP4 can be released from the plasma membrane. Given its wide array of substrates and interaction partners CD26/DPP4 has been implicated in numerous biological processes and effects can be dependent or independent of its enzymatic activity and are exerted by the transmembrane protein and/or the soluble form. CD26/DPP4 has been implicated in the modulation of T-cell activation and proliferation and CD26/DPP4-positive T cells are characterized by remarkable anti-tumor properties rendering them interesting candidates for T cell-based immunotherapies. Moreover, especially in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma CD26/DPP4 expression patterns emerged as an established marker for diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Surprisingly, besides a profound knowledge on substrates, interaction partners, and associated signal transduction pathways, the precise role of CD26/DPP4 for T cell-based immune responses is only partially understood.
Collapse
|
21
|
Cordero OJ, Rafael-Vidal C, Varela-Calviño R, Calviño-Sampedro C, Malvar-Fernández B, García S, Viñuela JE, Pego-Reigosa JM. Distinctive CD26 Expression on CD4 T-Cell Subsets. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1446. [PMID: 34680079 PMCID: PMC8533622 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune system CD4 T-cells with high cell-surface CD26 expression show anti-tumoral properties. When engineered with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), they incite strong responses against solid cancers. This subset was originally associated to human CD4 T helper cells bearing the CD45R0 effector/memory phenotype and later to Th17 cells. CD26 is also found in soluble form (sCD26) in several biological fluids, and its serum levels correlate with specific T cell subsets. However, the relationship between glycoprotein sCD26 and its dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) enzymatic activity, and cell-surface CD26 expression is not well understood. We have studied ex vivo cell-surface CD26 and in vitro surface and intracellular CD26 expression and secretome's sCD26 in cultured CD4 T cells under different polarization conditions. We show that most human CD26negative CD4 T cells in circulating lymphocytes are central memory (TCM) cells while CD26high expression is present in effector Th1, Th2, Th17, and TEM (effector memory) cells. However, there are significant percentages of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Th22 CD26 negative cells. This information may help to refine the research on CAR-Ts. The cell surface CD45R0 and CD26 levels in the different T helper subsets after in vitro polarization resemble those found ex vivo. In the secretomes of these cultures there was a significant amount of sCD26. However, in all polarizations, including Th1, the levels of sCD26 were lower (although not significantly) compared to the Th0 condition (activation without polarization). These differences could have an impact on the various physiological functions proposed for sCD26/DPP4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar J. Cordero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus Vida, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.V.-C.); (C.C.-S.)
| | - Carlos Rafael-Vidal
- Rheumatology & Immune-Mediated Diseases Research Group (IRIDIS), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36312 Vigo, Spain; (C.R.-V.); (B.M.-F.); (S.G.); (J.M.P.-R.)
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital Complex of Vigo-SERGAS, 36312 Vigo, Spain
| | - Rubén Varela-Calviño
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus Vida, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.V.-C.); (C.C.-S.)
| | - Cristina Calviño-Sampedro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus Vida, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.V.-C.); (C.C.-S.)
| | - Beatriz Malvar-Fernández
- Rheumatology & Immune-Mediated Diseases Research Group (IRIDIS), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36312 Vigo, Spain; (C.R.-V.); (B.M.-F.); (S.G.); (J.M.P.-R.)
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital Complex of Vigo-SERGAS, 36312 Vigo, Spain
| | - Samuel García
- Rheumatology & Immune-Mediated Diseases Research Group (IRIDIS), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36312 Vigo, Spain; (C.R.-V.); (B.M.-F.); (S.G.); (J.M.P.-R.)
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital Complex of Vigo-SERGAS, 36312 Vigo, Spain
| | - Juan E. Viñuela
- Service of Immunology, University Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela-SERGAS, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - José M. Pego-Reigosa
- Rheumatology & Immune-Mediated Diseases Research Group (IRIDIS), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36312 Vigo, Spain; (C.R.-V.); (B.M.-F.); (S.G.); (J.M.P.-R.)
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital Complex of Vigo-SERGAS, 36312 Vigo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Qian XK, Zhang J, Li XD, Song PF, Zou LW. Research Progress on Dipeptidyl Peptidase Family: Structure, Function and Xenobiotic Metabolism. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2167-2188. [PMID: 34525910 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210915103431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Prolyl-specific peptidases or proteases, including Dipeptidyl Peptidase 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, Fibroblast Activation Protein, prolyl endopeptidase and prolyl carboxypeptidase, belong to the dipeptidyl peptidase family. In human physiology and anatomy, they have homology amino acid sequences, similarities in structure, but play distinct functions and roles. Some of them also play important roles in the metabolism of drugs containing endogenous peptides, xenobiotics containing peptides, and exogenous peptides. The major functions of these peptidases in both the metabolism of human health and bioactive peptides are of significant importance in the development of effective inhibitors to control the metabolism of endogenous bioactive peptides. The structural characteristics, distribution of tissue, endogenous substrates, and biological functions were summarized in this review. Furthermore, the xenobiotics metabolism of the dipeptidyl peptidase family is illustrated. All the evidence and information summarized in this review would be very useful for researchers to extend the understanding of the proteins of these families and offer advice and assistance in physiology and pathology studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Kai Qian
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Li
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai. China
| | - Pei-Fang Song
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai. China
| | - Li-Wei Zou
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Takahashi R, Ishizawa T, Sato M, Inagaki Y, Takanka M, Kuriki Y, Kamiya M, Ushiku T, Urano Y, Hasegawa K. Fluorescence Imaging Using Enzyme-Activatable Probes for Real-Time Identification of Pancreatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:714527. [PMID: 34490111 PMCID: PMC8417470 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.714527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Radical resection is the only curative treatment for pancreatic cancer, which is a life-threatening disease. However, it is often not easy to accurately identify the extent of the tumor before and during surgery. Here we describe the development of a novel method to detect pancreatic tumors using a tumor-specific enzyme-activatable fluorescence probe. Methods Tumor and non-tumor lysate or small specimen collected from the resected specimen were selected to serve as the most appropriate fluorescence probe to distinguish cancer tissues from noncancerous tissues. The selected probe was sprayed onto the cut surface of the resected specimen of cancer tissue to acquire a fluorescence image. Next, we evaluated the ability of the probe to detect the tumor and calculated the tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) by comparing the fluorescence image with the pathological extent of the tumor. Finally, we searched for a tumor-specific enzyme that optimally activates the selected probe. Results Using a library comprising 309 unique fluorescence probes, we selected GP-HMRG as the most appropriate activatable fluorescence probe. We obtained eight fluorescence images of resected specimens, among which four approximated the pathological findings of the tumor, which achieved the highest TBR. Finally, dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP-IV) or a DPP-IV-like enzyme was identified as the target enzyme. Conclusion This novel method may enable rapid and real-time visualization of pancreatic cancer through the enzymatic activities of cancer tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryugen Takahashi
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeaki Ishizawa
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masumitsu Sato
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Inagaki
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Takanka
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yugo Kuriki
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mako Kamiya
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ushiku
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hasegawa
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang J, Wu N, Shi D. The Involvement of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin, Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1b and Dipeptidase 4 Signaling Pathways in Cancer and Diabetes: A Narrative Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:803-815. [PMID: 33185160 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666201113110406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), protein tyrosine phosphatase 1b (PTP1B) and dipeptidase 4 (DPP4) signaling pathways regulate eukaryotic cell proliferation and metabolism. Previous researches described different transduction mechanisms in the progression of cancer and diabetes. METHODOLOGY We reviewed recent advances in the signal transduction pathways of mTOR, PTP1B and DPP4 regulation and determined the crosstalk and common pathway in diabetes and cancer. RESULTS We showed that according to numerous past studies, the proteins participate in the signaling networks for both diseases. CONCLUSION There are common pathways and specific proteins involved in diabetes and cancer. This article demonstrates and explains the potential mechanisms of association and future prospects for targeting these proteins in pharmacological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Wu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Dayong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kirolos SA, Rijal R, Consalvo KM, Gomer RH. Using Dictyostelium to Develop Therapeutics for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:710005. [PMID: 34350188 PMCID: PMC8326840 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.710005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) involves damage to lungs causing an influx of neutrophils from the blood into the lung airspaces, and the neutrophils causing further damage, which attracts more neutrophils in a vicious cycle. There are ∼190,000 cases of ARDS per year in the US, and because of the lack of therapeutics, the mortality rate is ∼40%. Repelling neutrophils out of the lung airspaces, or simply preventing neutrophil entry, is a potential therapeutic. In this minireview, we discuss how our lab noticed that a protein called AprA secreted by growing Dictyostelium cells functions as a repellent for Dictyostelium cells, causing cells to move away from a source of AprA. We then found that AprA has structural similarity to a human secreted protein called dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV), and that DPPIV is a repellent for human neutrophils. In animal models of ARDS, inhalation of DPPIV or DPPIV mimetics blocks neutrophil influx into the lungs. To move DPPIV or DPPIV mimetics into the clinic, we need to know how this repulsion works to understand possible drug interactions and side effects. Combining biochemistry and genetics in Dictyostelium to elucidate the AprA signal transduction pathway, followed by drug studies in human neutrophils to determine similarities and differences between neutrophil and Dictyostelium chemorepulsion, will hopefully lead to the safe use of DPPIV or DPPIV mimetics in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Richard H. Gomer
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kawakita E, Koya D, Kanasaki K. CD26/DPP-4: Type 2 Diabetes Drug Target with Potential Influence on Cancer Biology. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092191. [PMID: 34063285 PMCID: PMC8124456 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor is widely used for type 2 diabetes. Although DPP-4/CD26 has been recognized as both a suppressor and inducer in tumor biology due to its various functions, how DPP-4 inhibitor affects cancer progression in diabetic patients is still unknown. The aim of this review is to summarize one unfavorable aspect of DPP-4 inhibitor in cancer-bearing diabetic patients. Abstract DPP-4/CD26, a membrane-bound glycoprotein, is ubiquitously expressed and has diverse biological functions. Because of its enzymatic action, such as the degradation of incretin hormones, DPP-4/CD26 is recognized as the significant therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes (T2DM); DPP-4 inhibitors have been used as an anti-diabetic agent for a decade. The safety profile of DPP-4 inhibitors for a cardiovascular event in T2DM patients has been widely analyzed; however, a clear association between DPP-4 inhibitors and tumor biology is not yet established. Previous preclinical studies reported that DPP-4 suppression would impact tumor progression processes. With regard to this finding, we have shown that the DPP-4 inhibitor induces breast cancer metastasis and chemoresistance via an increase in its substrate C-X-C motif chemokine 12, and the consequent induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the tumor. DPP-4/CD26 plays diverse pivotal roles beyond blood glucose control; thus, DPP-4 inhibitors can potentially impact cancer-bearing T2DM patients either favorably or unfavorably. In this review, we primarily focus on the possible undesirable effect of DPP-4 inhibition on tumor biology. Clinicians should note that the safety of DPP-4 inhibitors for diabetic patients with an existing cancer is an unresolved issue, and further mechanistic analysis is essential in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emi Kawakita
- Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan;
| | - Daisuke Koya
- Department of Diabetology & Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan;
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan
| | - Keizo Kanasaki
- Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan;
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-853-20-2183
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Varela-Calviño R, Rodríguez-Quiroga M, Dias Carvalho P, Martins F, Serra-Roma A, Vázquez-Iglesias L, Páez de la Cadena M, Velho S, Cordero OJ. The mechanism of sitagliptin inhibition of colorectal cancer cell lines' metastatic functionalities. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:761-773. [PMID: 33615655 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The cell membrane glycoprotein CD26 with peptidase activity (DPP4) and/or its soluble CD26/DPP4 counterpart expression and/or activity are altered in several cancers. Its role in metastasis development was recently highlighted by the discovery of CD26+ cancer stem cell subsets and the fact that clinical DPP4 inhibitors showed antimetastatic effects in animal models. Also, diabetic patients treated with the DPP4 inhibitor sitagliptin showed greater overall survival after colorectal or lung cancer surgery than patients under other diabetic therapies. However, the mechanism of action of these inhibitors in this context is unclear. We studied the role of CD26 and its DPP4 enzymatic activity in malignant cell features such as cell-to-cell homotypic aggregation, cancer cell motility, and invasion in a panel of human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines, avoiding models that include the physiological role of DPP4 in chemotaxis. Present results indicate that CD26 participates in the induction of cell invasion, motility, and aggregation of CD26-positive CRC cell lines. Moreover, only invasion and motility assays, which are collagen matrix-dependent, showed a decrease upon treatment with the DPP4 inhibitor sitagliptin. Sitagliptin showed opposite effects to those of transforming growth factor-β1 on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and cell cycle, but this result does not explain its CD26/DPP4-dependent effect. These results contribute to the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms behind sitagliptin inhibition of metastatic traits. At the same time, this role of sitagliptin may help to define areas of medicine where DPP4 inhibitors might be introduced. However, they also suggest that additional tools against CD26 as a target might be used or developed for metastasis prevention in addition to gliptins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Varela-Calviño
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Quiroga
- Institute of Research in Health and Innovation, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP (Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Biochemistry, Immunology and Genetics, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Patrícia Dias Carvalho
- Institute of Research in Health and Innovation, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP (Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Flavia Martins
- Institute of Research in Health and Innovation, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP (Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - André Serra-Roma
- Institute of Research in Health and Innovation, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP (Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | - Sérgia Velho
- Institute of Research in Health and Innovation, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP (Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Oscar J Cordero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ayoub BM, Michel HE, Mowaka S, Hendy MS, Tadros MM. Repurposing of Omarigliptin as a Neuroprotective Agent Based on Docking with A 2A Adenosine and AChE Receptors, Brain GLP-1 Response and Its Brain/Plasma Concentration Ratio after 28 Days Multiple Doses in Rats Using LC-MS/MS. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040889. [PMID: 33567615 PMCID: PMC7915074 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors in the current work suggested the potential repurposing of omarigliptin (OMR) for neurodegenerative diseases based on three new findings that support the preliminary finding of crossing BBB after a single dose study in the literature. The first finding is the positive results of the docking study with the crystal structures of A2A adenosine (A2AAR) and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) receptors. A2AAR is a member of non-dopaminergic GPCR superfamily receptor proteins and has essential role in regulation of glutamate and dopamine release in Parkinson’s disease while AChE plays a major role in Alzheimer’s disease as the primary enzyme responsible for the hydrolytic metabolism of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into choline and acetate. Docking showed that OMR perfectly fits into A2AAR binding pocket forming a distinctive hydrogen bond with Threonine 256. Besides other non-polar interactions inside the pocket suggesting the future of the marketed anti-diabetic drug (that cross BBB) as a potential antiparkinsonian agent while OMR showed perfect fit inside AChE receptor binding site smoothly because of its optimum length and the two fluorine atoms that enables quite lean fitting. Moreover, a computational comparative study of OMR docking, other 12 DPP-4 inhibitors and 11 SGLT-2 inhibitors was carried out. Secondly, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentration in rats’ brain tissue was determined by the authors using sandwich GLP-1 ELISA kit bio-analysis to ensure the effect of OMR after the multiple doses’ study. Brain GLP-1 concentration was elevated by 1.9-fold following oral multiple doses of OMR (5 mg/kg/day, p.o. for 28 days) as compared to the control group. The third finding is the enhanced BBB crossing of OMR after 28 days of multiple doses that had been studied using LC-MS/MS method with enhanced liquid–liquid extraction. A modified LC-MS/MS method was established for bioassay of OMR in rats’ plasma (10–3100 ng/mL) and rats’ brain tissue (15–2900 ng/mL) using liquid–liquid extraction. Alogliptin (ALP) was chosen as an internal standard (IS) due to its LogP value of 1.1, which is very close to the LogP of OMR. Extraction of OMR from samples of both rats’ plasma and rats’ brain tissue was effectively achieved with ethyl acetate as the extracting solvent after adding 1N sodium carbonate to enhance the drug migration, while choosing acetonitrile to be the diluent solvent for the IS to effectively decrease any emulsion between the layers in the stated method of extraction. Validation results were all pleasing including good stability studies with bias of value below 20%. Concentration of OMR in rats’ plasma were determined after 2 h of the latest dose from 28 days multiple doses, p.o, 5 mg/kg/day. It was found to be 1295.66 ± 684.63 ng/mL estimated from the bio-analysis regression equation. OMR passed through the BBB following oral administration and exhibited concentration of 543.56 ± 344.15 ng/g in brain tissue, taking in consideration the dilution factor of 10. The brain/plasma concentration ratio of 0.42 (543.56/1295.66) was used to illustrate the penetration power through the BBB after the multiple doses for 28 days. Results showed that OMR passed through the BBB more effectively in the multiple dose study as compared to the previously published single dose study by the authors. Thus, the present study suggests potential repositioning of OMR as antiparkinsonian agent that will be of interest for researchers interested in neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bassam M. Ayoub
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt; (S.M.); (M.S.H.)
- The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-226-890-000; Fax: +20-226-300-010
| | - Haidy E. Michel
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Shereen Mowaka
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt; (S.M.); (M.S.H.)
- The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Moataz S. Hendy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt; (S.M.); (M.S.H.)
- The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt
| | - Mariam M. Tadros
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Manocha E, Bugatti A, Belleri M, Zani A, Marsico S, Caccuri F, Presta M, Caruso A. Avian Reovirus P17 Suppresses Angiogenesis by Promoting DPP4 Secretion. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020259. [PMID: 33525607 PMCID: PMC7911508 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian reovirus p17 (ARV p17) is a non-structural protein known to activate autophagy, interfere with gene transcription and induce a significant tumor cell growth inhibition in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we show that ARV p17 is capable of exerting potent antiangiogenic properties. The viral protein significantly inhibited the physiological angiogenesis of human endothelial cells (ECs) by affecting migration, capillary-like structure and new vessel formation. ARV p17 was not only able to suppress the EC physiological angiogenesis but also rendered ECs insensitive to two different potent proangiogenic inducers, such as VEGF-A and FGF-2 in the three-dimensional (3D) Matrigel and spheroid assay. ARV p17 was found to exert its antiangiogenic activity by upregulating transcription and release of the well-known tumor suppressor molecule dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4). The ability of ARV p17 to impact on angiogenesis is completely new and highlights the “two compartments” activity of the viral protein that is expected to hamper the tumor parenchymal/stromal crosstalk. The complex antitumor activities of ARV p17 open the way to a new promising field of research aimed to develop new therapeutic approaches for treating tumor and cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Manocha
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.M.); (A.B.); (A.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Antonella Bugatti
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.M.); (A.B.); (A.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Mirella Belleri
- Section of Experimental Oncology and Immunology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Alberto Zani
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.M.); (A.B.); (A.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Stefania Marsico
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy;
| | - Francesca Caccuri
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.M.); (A.B.); (A.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Marco Presta
- Section of Experimental Oncology and Immunology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Arnaldo Caruso
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.M.); (A.B.); (A.Z.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yang Y, Zhao Y, Zhang F, Zhang L, Li L. COVID-19 in Elderly Adults: Clinical Features, Molecular Mechanisms, and Proposed Strategies. Aging Dis 2020; 11:1481-1495. [PMID: 33269102 PMCID: PMC7673861 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is causing problems worldwide. Most people are susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but elderly populations are more susceptible. Elevated susceptibility and death rates in elderly COVID-19 patients, especially those with age-related complications, are challenges for pandemic prevention and control. In this paper, we review the clinical features of elderly patients with COVID-19 and explore the related molecular mechanisms that are essential for the exploration of preventive and therapeutic strategies in the current pandemic. Furthermore, we analyze the feasibility of currently recommended potential novel methods against COVID-19 among elderly populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kamakura R, Raza GS, Prasannan A, Walkowiak J, Herzig KH. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and GLP-1 interplay in STC-1 and GLUTag cell lines. Peptides 2020; 134:170419. [PMID: 32998057 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone, secreted from L-cells of distal ileum and colon in response to nutrient ingestion in human. GLP-1 plays a major role in gut motility, appetite regulation, and insulin secretion. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4), a serine peptidase, cleaves N-terminal dipeptides of GLP-1, rendering it inactive and responsible for its short half-life. DPP4 is widely expressed in numerous tissues in a membrane bound or soluble form. The enteroendocrine cell lines STC-1 and GLUTag are extensively used as models for in vitro studies, however, the basic parallel characterization between these cell lines is still missing. Previously, we demonstrated that these cell lines exhibit different responses to α-linolenic acid (αLA)-induced GLP-1 secretion. Therefore, we examined the basal and stimulated GLP-1 and DPP4 secretion between the two cell lines. GPR120 and GPR40 are known to bind long chain fatty acids. We found that STC-1 cells secreted significantly more basal and αLA-induced GLP-1 than GLUTag cells. In addition, STC-1 secreted DPP4 and expressed higher amounts of DPP4 and GPR120 than GLUTag cells, while GLUTag cells expressed higher GPR40 protein levels than STC-1 cells. Interestingly, the secreted soluble DPP4 did not change the active GLP-1 concentrations in the buffer group, and only 5.5 % of GLP-1 was degraded in the αLA stimulated group. These results suggested that STC-1 cells have a higher potential to secrete GLP-1 and DPP4 than GLUTag cells, and the membrane bound DPP4 may play a more significant role in the inactivation of GLP-1 secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Remi Kamakura
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ghulam Shere Raza
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Aishwarya Prasannan
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jaroslaw Walkowiak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Moffitt LR, Bilandzic M, Wilson AL, Chen Y, Gorrell MD, Oehler MK, Plebanski M, Stephens AN. Hypoxia Regulates DPP4 Expression, Proteolytic Inactivation, and Shedding from Ovarian Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218110. [PMID: 33143089 PMCID: PMC7672561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of ovarian cancer has not significantly changed in decades and it remains one of the most lethal malignancies in women. The serine protease dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) plays key roles in metabolism and immunity, and its expression has been associated with either pro- or anti-tumour effects in multiple tumour types. In this study, we provide the first evidence that DPP4 expression and enzyme activity are uncoupled under hypoxic conditions in ovarian cancer cells. Whilst we identified strong up-regulation of DPP4 mRNA expression under hypoxic growth, the specific activity of secreted DPP4 was paradoxically decreased. Further investigation revealed matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-dependent inactivation and proteolytic shedding of DPP4 from the cell surface, mediated by at least MMP10 and MMP13. This is the first report of uncoupled DPP4 expression and activity in ovarian cancer cells, and suggests a previously unrecognized, cell- and tissue-type-dependent mechanism for the regulation of DPP4 in solid tumours. Further studies are necessary to identify the functional consequences of DPP4 processing and its potential prognostic or therapeutic value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura R. Moffitt
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (L.R.M.); (M.B.); (A.L.W.); (Y.C.)
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Maree Bilandzic
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (L.R.M.); (M.B.); (A.L.W.); (Y.C.)
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Amy L. Wilson
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (L.R.M.); (M.B.); (A.L.W.); (Y.C.)
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Yiqian Chen
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (L.R.M.); (M.B.); (A.L.W.); (Y.C.)
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Mark D. Gorrell
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Martin K. Oehler
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
- Robinson Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3082, Australia;
| | - Andrew N. Stephens
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (L.R.M.); (M.B.); (A.L.W.); (Y.C.)
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-8572-2686
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Consalvo KM, Rijal R, Tang Y, Kirolos SA, Smith MR, Gomer RH. Extracellular signaling in Dictyostelium. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2020; 63:395-405. [PMID: 31840778 DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.190259rg] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the last few decades, we have learned a considerable amount about how eukaryotic cells communicate with each other, and what it is the cells are telling each other. The simplicity of Dictyostelium discoideum, and the wide variety of available tools to study this organism, makes it the equivalent of a hydrogen atom for cell and developmental biology. Studies using Dictyostelium have pioneered a good deal of our understanding of eukaryotic cell communication. In this review, we will present a brief overview of how Dictyostelium cells use extracellular signals to attract each other, repel each other, sense their local cell density, sense whether the nearby cells are starving or stressed, count themselves to organize the formation of structures containing a regulated number of cells, sense the volume they are in, and organize their multicellular development. Although we are probably just beginning to learn what the cells are telling each other, the elucidation of Dictyostelium extracellular signals has already led to the development of possible therapeutics for human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Consalvo
- Department of Biology, Texas A∧M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sarashina A, Chiba K, Tatami S, Kato Y. Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model of the DPP-4 Inhibitor Linagliptin to Describe its Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics in Humans. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:2336-2344. [PMID: 32283067 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor, for type 2 diabetes exhibits nonlinear plasma protein binding in the therapeutic concentration range due to its high affinity binding to the pharmacological target DPP-4, and its pharmacokinetics both in plasma and urine is also nonlinear. The purpose of the present study was to explain the nonlinear pharmacokinetic profiles using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model with saturable binding of linagliptin to soluble and membrane-bound DPP-4 in blood and organs including kidneys. The model was first fitted to previously reported full-scale plasma concentrations and urinary excretion data at 4 intravenous (iv) dose levels. Additional fitting to the data from 4 oral (po) dose levels was then performed to yield the final iv-po based model including gastrointestinal absorption-associated parameters. Data from [14C]linagliptin mass balance study were also used for optimizing parameters related to enterohepatic circulation. The PBPK model was thus constructed and well describes the nonlinear pharmacokinetic profiles of linagliptin in both plasma and urine, demonstrating that the nonlinear pharmacokinetics are fully explained by its specific binding to target protein. The present study thus introduces the involvement of target-mediated disposition for linagliptin in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Sarashina
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Department, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan; Faculty of Pharmacy, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Koji Chiba
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Tatami
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Department, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Srivastava SP, Goodwin JE. Cancer Biology and Prevention in Diabetes. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061380. [PMID: 32498358 PMCID: PMC7349292 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The available evidence suggests a complex relationship between diabetes and cancer. Epidemiological data suggest a positive correlation, however, in certain types of cancer, a more complex picture emerges, such as in some site-specific cancers being specific to type I diabetes but not to type II diabetes. Reports share common and differential mechanisms which affect the relationship between diabetes and cancer. We discuss the use of antidiabetic drugs in a wide range of cancer therapy and cancer therapeutics in the development of hyperglycemia, especially antineoplastic drugs which often induce hyperglycemia by targeting insulin/IGF-1 signaling. Similarly, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), a well-known target in type II diabetes mellitus, has differential effects on cancer types. Past studies suggest a protective role of DPP-4 inhibitors, but recent studies show that DPP-4 inhibition induces cancer metastasis. Moreover, molecular pathological mechanisms of cancer in diabetes are currently largely unclear. The cancer-causing mechanisms in diabetes have been shown to be complex, including excessive ROS-formation, destruction of essential biomolecules, chronic inflammation, and impaired healing phenomena, collectively leading to carcinogenesis in diabetic conditions. Diabetes-associated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) contribute to cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) formation in tumors, allowing the epithelium and endothelium to enable tumor cell extravasation. In this review, we discuss the risk of cancer associated with anti-diabetic therapies, including DPP-4 inhibitors and SGLT2 inhibitors, and the role of catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT), AMPK, and cell-specific glucocorticoid receptors in cancer biology. We explore possible mechanistic links between diabetes and cancer biology and discuss new therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swayam Prakash Srivastava
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8064, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8066, USA
- Correspondence: (S.P.S.); (J.E.G.)
| | - Julie E. Goodwin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8064, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8066, USA
- Correspondence: (S.P.S.); (J.E.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Romacho T, Sell H, Indrakusuma I, Roehrborn D, Castañeda TR, Jelenik T, Markgraf D, Hartwig S, Weiss J, Al-Hasani H, Roden M, Eckel J. DPP4 deletion in adipose tissue improves hepatic insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E590-E599. [PMID: 31891536 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00323.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Besides a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is an adipokine potentially upregulated in human obesity. We aimed to explore the role of adipocyte-derived DPP4 in diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance with an adipose tissue-specific knockout (AT-DPP4-KO) mouse. Wild-type and AT-DPP4-KO mice were fed for 24 wk with a high fat diet (HFD) and characterized for body weight, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, and body composition and hepatic fat content. Image and molecular biology analysis of inflammation, as well as adipokine secretion, was performed in AT by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, real-time-PCR, and ELISA. Incretin levels were determined by Luminex kits. Under HFD, AT-DPP4-KO displayed markedly reduced circulating DPP4 concentrations, proving AT as a relevant source. Independently of glucose-stimulated incretin hormones, AT-DPP4-KO had improved glucose tolerance and hepatic insulin sensitivity. AT-DPP4-KO displayed smaller adipocytes and increased anti-inflammatory markers. IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) levels were lower in AT and serum, whereas free IGF1 was increased. The absence of adipose DPP4 triggers beneficial AT remodeling with decreased production of IGFBP3 during HFD, likely contributing to the observed, improved hepatic insulin sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Romacho
- Paul-Langerhans-Group for Integrative Physiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- komIT Center of Competence for Innovative Diabetes Therapy, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Henrike Sell
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ira Indrakusuma
- Paul-Langerhans-Group for Integrative Physiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Diana Roehrborn
- Paul-Langerhans-Group for Integrative Physiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tamara R Castañeda
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tomas Jelenik
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Markgraf
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sonja Hartwig
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Weiss
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hadi Al-Hasani
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Eckel
- Paul-Langerhans-Group for Integrative Physiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- komIT Center of Competence for Innovative Diabetes Therapy, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yu H, Mei XP, Su PF, Jin GZ, Zhou HK. A poor prognosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with low expression of DPP4. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 53:e9114. [PMID: 32294701 PMCID: PMC7162587 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20209114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the prognostic role of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). DPP4 expression was measured in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens that were gathered from 327 HCC patients. Immunohistochemistry analyses were utilized to examine DPP4 expression characteristics and prognostic values (overall survival (OS) and time to recurrence) of DDP4 in HCC tissues. In addition, a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model was used to assess the correlation between DPP4 expression and tumor growth in vivo. DPP4 was expressed in low levels in HCC tissues in contrast to paired peritumoral tissues (38 cases were down-regulated in a total of 59 cases, 64.4%. P=0.0202). DPP4 expression was significantly correlated with TNM stage (P=0.038), tumor number (P=0.035), and vascular invasion (P=0.024), and significantly reduced in patients who were in TNM stages II and III-V, with multiple tumors, and with microvascular invasion compared to patients with TNM stage I, single tumor, and no microvascular invasion. Notably, HCC tissues with low expression of DPP4 had poor OS (P=0.016) compared with HCC tissues with high expression of DPP4, and results from PDX model showed that tumor growth was significantly faster in HCC patients that lowly expressed DPP4 compared to those with highly expressed DPP4. Our findings suggested that low levels of DPP4 could impact the aggressiveness of HCC and contribute to a poor prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Mei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng-Fei Su
- Department of General Surgery, Central Hospital of Liaoyang, Liaoyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Guang-Zhi Jin
- Department of Pathology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Kun Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Xu W, Liu Y, Cheng X, Huang N, Hou N, Wang H, Han F, Han X, Sun X. Decreased shedding dipeptidyl peptidase 4 from membrane in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 81:106315. [PMID: 32086131 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to determine the concentration and enzymatic activity of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and to explore the potential mechanism of the abnormal DPP4 in HT development. METHODS A total of 33 newly diagnosed HT patients and 31 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Clinical characteristics and thyroid function data were collected for all participants. Serum DPP4 and kallikrein-related peptidase 5 (KLK5) concentrations were measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. DPP4 enzymatic activities in serum and PBMCs were determined by enzymatic assay. DPP4, KLK5 and interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA expression levels in PBMCs were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Serum DPP4 level and activity were significantly lower in the HT group compared with the control group. However, DPP4 mRNA expression was significantly increased and both serum KLK5 concentration and KLK5 mRNA expression in PBMCs were significantly decreased in HT patients. Correlation analyses revealed that DPP4 concentration was positively correlated with DPP4 enzymatic activity in serum. No significant difference in DPP4 activity was found in PBMCs. DPP4 enzymatic activity in PBMCs was negatively correlated with DPP4 enzymatic activity in serum. IFN-γ mRNA expression in PBMCs was significantly increased in HT patients. CONCLUSIONS DPP4 is involved in the development and pathological process of HT. Decreased cleavage of membrane-anchored DPP4 by KLK5 may be responsible for the decreased serum DPP4 levels in HT patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, China
| | - Yongping Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, China
| | - Xuebing Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, China
| | - Na Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, China
| | - Ningning Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, China
| | - Hongsheng Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, China
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Shah C, Hong YR, Bishnoi R, Ali A, Skelton WP, Dang LH, Huo J, Dang NH. Impact of DPP4 Inhibitors in Survival of Patients With Prostate, Pancreas, and Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:405. [PMID: 32296640 PMCID: PMC7136489 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4), a cell surface protein, exhibits a crucial role in tumor biology and regulation of the immune system. We aim to study the impact of DPP4 inhibitors (DPP4i) in patients with prostate cancer (PRC), pancreatic cancer (PC) and breast cancer (BC). Methods: Using the SEER and Medicare linked database, we identified patients with PRC or PC or BC with coexisting type II diabetes mellitus between 2007 and 2015. Patients were classified into four groups: (1) not on either DPP4i or metformin (reference group), this group included patient that were on anti-diabetic agents other than metformin or DPP4i (2) metformin only, (3) DPP4i only, and (4) DPP4i along with metformin (combination group). Overall survival (OS) analyses were performed using SAS®, version 9.4. Results: We identified 15,330 patients with PRC, 5,359 patients with PC and 16,085 patients with BC. In PRC cohort, patients on DPP4i had significant survival advantage with HR 0.77 (95% CI: 0.64–0.93), P = 0.005 when compared to the reference group. Patients taking metformin also had significant OS benefit with HR 0.87 (95% CI: 0.81–0.93), P < 0.0001 when compared to the reference group. However, in BC cohort, OS did not favor the patients taking DPP4i with HR 1.07 (95% CI: 0.93–1.25, P = 0.33). Similarly, in PC cohort, OS was indifferent for the patients on DPP4i with HR 1.07 (95% CI: 0.93–1.24, P = 0.68). Upon subgroup analyses of PRC patients, the survival favored the group taking DPP4i, irrespective of stage, use of chemotherapy, androgen-deprivation therapy, and prostatectomy or radiation therapy. Conclusions: DPP4i seems to improve survival in PRC patients; however, not in PC or BC patients. While the exact mechanism involved remains to be elucidated, a prospective clinical trial would help to confirm these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chintan Shah
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Young-Rock Hong
- Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Rohit Bishnoi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Azka Ali
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - William Paul Skelton
- Division of Medical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Long H Dang
- Ochsner Medical Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Jinhai Huo
- Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Nam H Dang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Elzefzafy WM, Abd Elrahman S, Mohmmed ZA, Atef N. Diagnostic utility of serum dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP- IV) /CD26 as a serum marker in Egyptian patients with colorectal cancer. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2020; 41:729-744. [PMID: 32223519 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2020.1744642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is considered a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Egypt. Colonoscopy is the standard for detection of lesions. The combination of screening methods is effective. Decrease and loss of DPP-IV/CD26 expression and activity are found in microenvironments of specific tumors which are related to impaired immune functions. AIM OF THE WORK To study sCD26 as a noninvasive test in Egyptian patients with CRC as well as their correlation to CEA, CA 19-9 & other -biochemical parameters and determine the possibility to use it as a diagnostic tool for CRC. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study included 40 patients divided into two groups: group I: comprised 20 patients with CRC, group II: comprised 20 patients with other colorectal disease together with 20 healthy control. RESULTS There was highly significant decrease in sCD26 in group I in comparison to group II and III. CD26 at cutoff 4.69 mg/mL, its sensitivity was 85% and its specificity was 87.5%. CONCLUSION CD26 is involved in the pathogenesis of colorectal diseases; sCD26 is diminished in CRC patients suggesting the potential utility of a sCD26 for diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa M Elzefzafy
- Department of Hepatogastroentrology,infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine (For Girls), Al-Azhar University , Cairo, Egypt
| | - Soheir Abd Elrahman
- Department of Clinicalpathology, Faculty of Medicine (For Girls), Al-Azhar University , Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zakia Abuzahab Mohmmed
- Department of Clinicalpathology, Faculty of Medicine (For Girls), Al-Azhar University , Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nesreen Atef
- Department of Clinicalpathology, Nasser Institute Hospital ,Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lettau M, Dietz M, Vollmers S, Armbrust F, Peters C, Dang TM, Chitadze G, Kabelitz D, Janssen O. Degranulation of human cytotoxic lymphocytes is a major source of proteolytically active soluble CD26/DPP4. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:751-764. [PMID: 31300870 PMCID: PMC11104794 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03207-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4, CD26) is a serine protease detected on several immune cells and on epithelial cells of various organs. Besides the membrane-bound enzyme, a catalytically active soluble form (sCD26/DPP4) is detected in several body fluids. Both variants cleave off dipeptides from the N-termini of various chemokines, neuropeptides, and hormones. CD26/DPP4 plays a fundamental role in the regulation of blood glucose levels by inactivating insulinotropic incretins and CD26/DPP4 inhibitors are thus routinely used in diabetes mellitus type 2 therapy to improve glucose tolerance. Such inhibitors might also prevent the CD26/DPP4-mediated inactivation of the T-cell chemoattractant CXCL10 released by certain tumors and thus improve anti-tumor immunity and immunotherapy. Despite its implication in the regulation of many (patho-)physiological processes and its consideration as a biomarker and therapeutic target, the cellular source of sCD26/DPP4 remains highly debated and mechanisms of its release are so far unknown. In line with recent reports that activated T lymphocytes could be a major source of sCD26/DPP4, we now demonstrate that CD26/DPP4 is stored in secretory granules of several major human cytotoxic lymphocyte populations and co-localizes with effector proteins such as granzymes, perforin, and granulysin. Upon stimulation, vesicular CD26/DPP4 is rapidly translocated to the cell surface in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Importantly, activation-induced degranulation leads to a massive release of proteolytically active sCD26/DPP4. Since activated effector lymphocytes serve as a major source of sCD26/DPP4, these results might explain the observed disease-associated alterations of sCD26/DPP4 serum levels and also indicate a so far unknown role of CD26/DPP4 in lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Lettau
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Bldg. 17, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Michelle Dietz
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Bldg. 17, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sarah Vollmers
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Bldg. 17, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fred Armbrust
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Bldg. 17, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Peters
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Bldg. 17, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thi Mai Dang
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Bldg. 17, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Guranda Chitadze
- Medical Department II, Unit for Hematological Diagnostics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Langer Segen 8-10, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Bldg. 17, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ottmar Janssen
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Bldg. 17, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
CD26-Related Serum Biomarkers: sCD26 Protein, DPP4 Activity, and Anti-CD26 Isotype Levels in a Colorectal Cancer-Screening Context. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:4347936. [PMID: 32051696 PMCID: PMC6995486 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4347936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Current screening trials are showing reduction in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. However, participation rates are often low, and blood-based tests could complement existing screening strategies. CD26 protein (sCD26) and its dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) enzymatic activity in circulation have been proposed as biomarkers for colorectal cancer and other diseases. However, changes in sCD26 and DPP4 levels show complex degrees of correlation, and their physiological or pathophysiological role is unclear. The aim of this study was to analyse if anti-CD26 autoantibodies are related to sCD26 and DPP4 and to determine their relevance in a context of colorectal cancer screening for complementing the value of sCD26 and DPP4 as biomarkers. These biomarkers were measured in a large prospective cohort (n = 497, except the anti-CD26 antibodies, evaluated in 125 samples) that included a subgroup of individuals that were positive for the faecal immunological occult blood test (FIT) (n = 86) and underwent a colonoscopy (n = 47). We confirmed for the first time higher DPP4 activity in men compared to women (Student's t test, p = 0.002), though this difference between sexes was not seen for serum sCD26 protein. These biomarkers correlated (R = 0.246, p = 0.003) only in women. Correlations were found between anti-CD26 isotypes but not with DPP4 activity or sCD26 concentration, except for a negative correlation only in men between anti-CD26 IgA isotype and sCD26 (R = -0.232, p = 0.044), and an almost significant negative correlation between anti-CD26 IgG and sCD26 limited to FIT-positive men. Interestingly, patients with advanced adenomas displayed the most elevated mean levels of anti-CD26 IgA, IgM, and particularly IgG (Mann-Whitney U test, p = 0.030) in comparison with the other FIT positives without adenomas, and these levels did not correlate with sCD26 or its DPP4 activity. Our preliminary results suggest that the combination of these measures using sex as confounder could perhaps be used as biomarkers for colorectal disease. It also suggests that events affecting the gut influence the levels of anti-CD26 antibodies, which show little or no effect in antigen clearance. These findings should be confirmed in a larger cohort of individuals with colonoscopy. The physiological origin of the sex differences observed should be further addressed.
Collapse
|
43
|
Börçek Kasurka C, Elbistan M, Atmaca A, Atlı Şekeroğlu Z. In vitro cytogenetic assessment and comparison of vildagliptin and sitagliptin. Cytotechnology 2019; 71:1063-1077. [PMID: 31555935 PMCID: PMC6874628 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-019-00345-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vildagliptin and sitagliptin are commonly used antidiabetic drugs. Chromosomal aberration (CA), sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assays were employed to assess and compare cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of these drugs. Peripheral lymphocytes were exposed to 125 μg/ml, 250 μg/ml and 500 μg/ml of vildagliptin and 250 μg/ml, 500 μg/ml and 1000 μg/ml of sitagliptin for 24 h and 48 h with and without exogenous metabolic activation. At the end of the study, it was determined that these drugs and their metabolites had no genotoxic effects on CA, SCE and CBMN. On the other hand, parallel to the increase in dose, vildagliptin showed weak cytotoxicity on the mitotic index, and depending on its increase in dose; sitagliptin caused potential cytotoxicity and cytostatic effect on the mitotic index, nuclear division index and proliferation index. Due to their cytotoxic and cytostatic potential, these drugs inhibit cell proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Börçek Kasurka
- Faculty of Art &Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ordu University, 52200, Ordu, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Elbistan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Kurupelit, 55139, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Atmaca
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Kurupelit, 55139, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Zülal Atlı Şekeroğlu
- Faculty of Art &Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ordu University, 52200, Ordu, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Helmy MM, Mouneir SM. Reno-protective effect of linagliptin against gentamycin nephrotoxicity in rats. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:1133-1139. [PMID: 31675669 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies demonstrated the reno-protective effects of two dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, saxagliptin and sitagliptin, against gentamycin-induced renal injury. However, none of these studies investigated whether renal DPP-4 contributes to the pathogenesis of this nephrotoxicity or not. This prompted us to test this hypothesis and to assess, for the first time, the potential reno-protective effect of linagliptin and whether this action is related or not to DPP-4 inhibition. Lingliptin was chosen since it is mainly excreted through a non-renal pathway and can therefore be used safely in individuals with renal injury. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered gentamycin (100 mg/kg/day, ip for 10 days) alone or combined with linagliptin (3 mg/kg/day, orally for 14 days). Gentamycin was administered once daily during the last ten days of the linagliptin treatment. RESULTS Linagliptin administration ameliorated gentamycin-induced renal injury and restored renal functional, oxidative, inflammatory, apoptotic and histopathological changes. Furthermore, the current study highlighted the role of increased plasma and renal DPP-4 in the pathogenesis of gentamycin renal insults and showed that the potential reno-protective effect of linagliptin is partly, mediated via inhibition of DPP-4, in addition to other antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic actions. CONCLUSION Linagliptin may serve as a beneficial adjutant to reduce gentamycin-induced renal injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mai M Helmy
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | - Samar M Mouneir
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
More than just an enzyme: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and its association with diabetic kidney remodelling. Pharmacol Res 2019; 147:104391. [PMID: 31401210 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW This review article discusses recent advances in the mechanism of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) actions in renal diseases, especially diabetic kidney fibrosis, and summarizes anti-fibrotic functions of various DPP-4 inhibitors in diabetic nephropathy (DN). RECENT FINDINGS DN is a common complication of diabetes and is a leading cause of the end-stage renal disease (ESRD). DPP-4 is a member of serine proteases, and more than 30 substrates have been identified that act via several biochemical messengers in a variety of tissues including kidney. Intriguingly, DPP-4 actions on the diabetic kidney is a complex mechanism, and a variety of pathways are involved including increasing GLP-1/SDF-1, disrupting AGE-RAGE pathways, and integrin-β- and TGF-β-Smad-mediated signalling pathways that finally lead to endothelial to mesenchymal transition. Interestingly, an array of DPP-4 inhibitors is well recognized as oral drugs to treat type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients, which promote better glycemic control. Furthermore, recent experimental and preclinical data reveal that DPP-4 inhibitors may also exhibit protective effects in renal disease progression including anti-fibrotic effects in the diabetic kidney by attenuating above signalling cascade(s), either singly or as a combinatorial effect. In this review, we discussed the anti-fibrotic effects of DPP-4 inhibitors based on recent reports along with the possible mechanism of actions and future perspectives to underscore the beneficial effects of DPP-4 inhibitors in DN. SUMMARY With recent experimental, preclinical, and clinical evidence, we summarized DPP-4 activities and its mechanism of actions in diabetic kidney diseases. A knowledge gap of DPP-4 inhibition in controlling renal fibrosis in DN has also been postulated in this review for future research perspectives.
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhao Y. CD26 in autoimmune diseases: The other side of "moonlight protein". Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 75:105757. [PMID: 31357088 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease, which has enzymatic activity to selectively clean the N-terminal dipeptide of peptides and proteins with proline or alanine in the second position. DPP-4 inhibitor has been widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes by increasing the level of the glucagon-like peptide-1 and decreasing the glucose level. DPP-4, also known as lymphocyte cell surface protein CD26, plays a core role of T cell immunity. Many roles of CD26 in other immune cells have been found. As a "moonlight protein", the effect of CD26 in autoimmune diseases has attracted more and more attention. The paper reviewed the function and potential effect of CD26 in autoimmune diseases, which shows CD26 may be a new target of autoimmune diseases deserved further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunjuan Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, The East Chang-Gang Road, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Nieto-Fontarigo JJ, González-Barcala FJ, San José E, Arias P, Nogueira M, Salgado FJ. CD26 and Asthma: a Comprehensive Review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2019; 56:139-160. [PMID: 27561663 PMCID: PMC7090975 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-016-8578-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous and chronic inflammatory family of disorders of the airways with increasing prevalence that results in recurrent and reversible bronchial obstruction and expiratory airflow limitation. These diseases arise from the interaction between environmental and genetic factors, which collaborate to cause increased susceptibility and severity. Many asthma susceptibility genes are linked to the immune system or encode enzymes like metalloproteases (e.g., ADAM-33) or serine proteases. The S9 family of serine proteases (prolyl oligopeptidases) is capable to process peptide bonds adjacent to proline, a kind of cleavage-resistant peptide bonds present in many growth factors, chemokines or cytokines that are important for asthma. Curiously, two serine proteases within the S9 family encoded by genes located on chromosome 2 appear to have a role in asthma: CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) and DPP10. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about CD26 and to provide a structured overview of the numerous functions and implications that this versatile enzyme could have in this disease, especially after the detection of some secondary effects (e.g., viral nasopharyngitis) in type II diabetes mellitus patients (a subset with a certain risk of developing obesity-related asthma) upon CD26 inhibitory therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Nieto-Fontarigo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology-Biological Research Centre (CIBUS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco J González-Barcala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology-Biological Research Centre (CIBUS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Respiratory Department, Clinic University Hospital (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Esther San José
- Clinical Analysis Service, Clinic University Hospital (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pilar Arias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology-Biological Research Centre (CIBUS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Montserrat Nogueira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology-Biological Research Centre (CIBUS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco J Salgado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology-Biological Research Centre (CIBUS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Vázquez-Iglesias L, Barcia-Castro L, Rodríguez-Quiroga M, Páez de la Cadena M, Rodríguez-Berrocal J, Cordero OJ. Surface expression marker profile in colon cancer cell lines and sphere-derived cells suggests complexity in CD26 + cancer stem cells subsets. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.041673. [PMID: 31285270 PMCID: PMC6679411 DOI: 10.1242/bio.041673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Taking advantage of eight established cell lines from colorectal cancer patients at different stages of the disease and the fact that all of them could form spheres, cell surface biomarkers of cancer stem cells and epithelial-mesenchymal transition were tested. The aim was to investigate cancer stem cells and metastatic stem cells in order to provide functional characterization of circulating tumor cells and promote the development of new anti-metastatic therapies. Our model showed an important heterogeneity in EpCAM, CD133, CD44, LGR5, CD26 and E-cadherin expression. We showed the presence of a subset of E-cadherin+ (some cells being E-cadherinhigh) expressing CD26+ (or CD26high) together with the well-known CSC markers LGR5 and EpCAMhigh, sometimes in the absence of CD44 or CD133. The already described CD26+/E-cadherinlow or negative and CD26+/EpCAM−/CD133− subsets were also present. Cell division drastically affected the expression of all markers, in particular E-cadherin, so new-born cells resembled mesenchymal cells in surface staining. CD26 and/or dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors have already shown anti-metastatic effects in pre-clinical models, and the existence of these CD26+ subsets may help further research against cancer metastasis. Summary: In our model of eight established cell lines from colorectal cancer patients we show the presence of different putative cancer stem cell (CSC) subsets with expression of CD26/DPP4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Vázquez-Iglesias
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36200 Vigo, Galicia, Spain (EU)
| | - Leticia Barcia-Castro
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36200 Vigo, Galicia, Spain (EU)
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Quiroga
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36200 Vigo, Galicia, Spain (EU)
| | - María Páez de la Cadena
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36200 Vigo, Galicia, Spain (EU)
| | - Javier Rodríguez-Berrocal
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36200 Vigo, Galicia, Spain (EU)
| | - Oscar J Cordero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. CIBUS Building, Facultade de Bioloxía. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain (EU)
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
A therapeutic approach towards microRNA29 family in vascular diabetic complications: A boon or curse? J Diabetes Metab Disord 2019; 18:243-254. [PMID: 31275895 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-019-00409-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the major metabolic disorders and its severity leads to death. Enhancement in hyperglycaemic conditions of DM gives rise to endothelial impairment in small and large blood vessels contributing towards microvascular and macrovascular complications respectively. The pathogenesis of diabetic complications is associated with interruption of various signal transduction pathways due to epigenetic modifications such as aberrant histone modifications, DNA methylation and expression of miRNAs along with the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Amongst these epigenetic alterations, modulated expressions of miRNAs confer to apoptosis and endothelial dysfunction of organs that gives rise to vascular complications. In this review, we principally focussed on physiological role of miR29 family in DM and have discussed crosstalk between miR29 family and numerous genes involved in signal transduction pathways of Diabetic vascular complications. Incidences of diabetic retinopathy exploiting the role of miR29 in regulation of EMT process, differential expression patterns of miR29 and promising therapeutic role of miR29 have been discussed. We have summarised the therapeutic role of miR29 in podocyte impairment and how miR29 regulates the expressions of profibrotic, inflammatory and ECM encoding genes in renal fibrosis under diabetic conditions. We have also highlighted impact of miR29 expression patterns in cardiac angiopathy, cardiomyocyte's apoptosis and cardiac fibrosis. Additionally, we have also presented the contradictory actions of miR29 family in amelioration as well as in enhancement of diabetic complications.
Collapse
|
50
|
Enz N, Vliegen G, De Meester I, Jungraithmayr W. CD26/DPP4 - a potential biomarker and target for cancer therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 198:135-159. [PMID: 30822465 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)4 is a membrane-bound protein found in many cell types of the body, and a soluble form is present in body fluids. There is longstanding evidence that various primary tumors and also metastases express CD26/DPP4 to a variable extent. By cleaving dipeptides from peptides with a proline or alanine in the penultimate position at the N-terminus, it regulates the activity of incretin hormones, chemokines and many other peptides. Due to these effects and interactions with other molecules, a tumor promoting or suppressing role can be attributed to CD26/DPP4. In this review, we discuss the existing evidence on the expression of soluble or membrane-bound CD26/DPP4 in malignant diseases, along with the most recent findings on CD26/DPP4 as a therapeutic target in specific malignancies. The expression and possible involvement of the related DPP8 and DPP9 in cancer are also reviewed. A higher expression of CD26/DPP4 is found in a wide variety of tumor entities, however more research on CD26/DPP4 in the tumor microenvironment is needed to fully explore its use as a tumor biomarker. Circulating soluble CD26/DPP4 has also been studied as a cancer biomarker, however, the observed decrease in most cancer patients does not seem to be cancer specific. Encouraging results from experimental work and a recently reported first phase clinical trial targeting CD26/DPP4 in mesothelioma, renal and urological tumors pave the way for follow-up clinical studies, also in other tumor entities, possibly leading to the development of more effective complementary therapies against cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Njanja Enz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Gwendolyn Vliegen
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ingrid De Meester
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Wolfgang Jungraithmayr
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|