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Yan F, Zhang G, Liu L, Wang F, Zhao H, Huang Z, Niu Y. The decrease in panicle number is the main reason for the yield reduction of japonica rice caused by 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1425945. [PMID: 39070908 PMCID: PMC11272625 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1425945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants seriously affect the growth and development of crops. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene (TCB), as one of the most widely used chlorobenzenes, can affect the yield of japonica rice. However, existing research on the effect of TCB on japonica rice yield is not in-depth, and a basic understanding of commonality has not yet been formed. In this study, 28 conventional japonica rice varieties were selected to investigate the effects of TCB stress on their yield, yield composition, and TCB accumulation. This study also evaluated the efficiency of conventional tolerance indices in evaluating the TCB stress tolerance of japonica rice. The results showed that TCB caused sustained inhibition of the growth of japonica rice, which was considerably manifested in plant height, root length, soil plant analysis development (SPAD), and dry weight at different growth stages. Under TCB stress, TCB accumulation in various tissues of japonica rice increased sharply. TCB stress reduces the yield of japonica rice by reducing the number of panicles per hill, the number of spikelets per panicle, the grain filling percentage, and the grain weight. Overall, the results of this study indicate that TCB stress can cause a decrease in the yield of japonica rice, and the decrease in panicle number is the main reason. The conventional tolerance index can effectively evaluate the tolerance of japonica rice to TCB. The results of this study are substantial for the breeding and cultivation of japonica rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu Yan
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
- Jianghuai Plain Crop Industry Engineering Research Institute, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
- Jianghuai Plain Crop Industry Engineering Research Institute, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Agricultural Sustainable Development, Nanjing Institute of Soil Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Le Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
| | - Hongliang Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
- Jianghuai Plain Crop Industry Engineering Research Institute, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
- Jianghuai Plain Crop Industry Engineering Research Institute, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
| | - Yuan Niu
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
- Jianghuai Plain Crop Industry Engineering Research Institute, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
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Feng Z, Xu Y, Xie Z, Yang Y, Lu G, Jin Y, Wang M, Liu M, Yang H, Li W, Liang Z. Overexpression of Abscisic Acid Biosynthesis Gene OsNCED3 Enhances Survival Rate and Tolerance to Alkaline Stress in Rice Seedlings. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1713. [PMID: 38931145 PMCID: PMC11207436 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Alkaline stress with high pH levels could significantly influence plant growth and survival. The enzyme 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) serves as a critical bottleneck in the biosynthesis of abscisic acid (ABA), making it essential for regulating stress tolerance. Here, we show that OsNCED3-overexpressing rice lines have increased ABA content by up to 50.90% and improved transcription levels of numerous genes involved in stress responses that significantly enhance seedling survival rates. Overexpression of OsNCED3 increased the dry weight contents of the total chlorophyll, proline, soluble sugar, starch, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes of rice seedlings, while reducing the contents of O2·-, H2O2, and malondialdehyde under hydroponic alkaline stress conditions simulated by 10, 15, and 20 mmol L-1 of Na2CO3. Additionally, the OsNCED3-overexpressing rice lines exhibited a notable increase in the expression of OsNCED3; ABA response-related genes OsSalT and OsWsi18; ion homeostasis-related genes OsAKT1, OsHKT1;5, OsSOS1, and OsNHX5; and ROS scavenging-related genes OsCu/Zn-SOD, OsFe-SOD, OsPOX1, OsCATA, OsCATB, and OsAPX1 in rice seedling leaves. The results of these findings suggest that overexpression of OsNCED3 upregulates endogenous ABA levels and the expression of stress response genes, which represents an innovative molecular approach for enhancing the alkaline tolerance of rice seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghui Feng
- College of Life Science, Baicheng Normal University, Baicheng 137000, China; (Z.F.); (Z.X.); (Y.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (Y.X.); (G.L.); (Y.J.); (M.W.); (M.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (Y.X.); (G.L.); (Y.J.); (M.W.); (M.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Zhiming Xie
- College of Life Science, Baicheng Normal University, Baicheng 137000, China; (Z.F.); (Z.X.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yaqiong Yang
- College of Life Science, Baicheng Normal University, Baicheng 137000, China; (Z.F.); (Z.X.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Guanru Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (Y.X.); (G.L.); (Y.J.); (M.W.); (M.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Yangyang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (Y.X.); (G.L.); (Y.J.); (M.W.); (M.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Mingming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (Y.X.); (G.L.); (Y.J.); (M.W.); (M.L.); (H.Y.)
- Jilin Da’an Farmland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Da’an 131317, China
| | - Miao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (Y.X.); (G.L.); (Y.J.); (M.W.); (M.L.); (H.Y.)
- Jilin Da’an Farmland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Da’an 131317, China
| | - Haoyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (Y.X.); (G.L.); (Y.J.); (M.W.); (M.L.); (H.Y.)
- Jilin Da’an Farmland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Da’an 131317, China
| | - Weiqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (Y.X.); (G.L.); (Y.J.); (M.W.); (M.L.); (H.Y.)
- Jilin Da’an Farmland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Da’an 131317, China
| | - Zhengwei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (Y.X.); (G.L.); (Y.J.); (M.W.); (M.L.); (H.Y.)
- Jilin Da’an Farmland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Da’an 131317, China
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Zhou X, Gao T, Zhang Y, Han M, Shen Y, Su Y, Feng X, Wu Q, Sun G, Wang Y. Genome-wide identification, characterization and expression of C2H2 zinc finger gene family in Opisthopappus species under salt stress. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:385. [PMID: 38641598 PMCID: PMC11027532 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10273-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The C2H2 zinc finger protein family plays important roles in plants. However, precisely how C2H2s function in Opisthopappus (Opisthopappus taihangensis and Opisthopappus longilobus) remains unclear. RESULTS In this study, a total of 69 OpC2H2 zinc finger protein genes were identified and clustered into five Groups. Seven tandem and ten fragment repeats were found in OpC2H2s, which underwent robust purifying selection. Of the identified motifs, motif 1 was present in all OpC2H2s and conserved at important binding sites. Most OpC2H2s possessed few introns and exons that could rapidly activate and react when faced with stress. The OpC2H2 promoter sequences mainly contained diverse regulatory elements, such as ARE, ABRE, and LTR. Under salt stress, two up-regulated OpC2H2s (OpC2H2-1 and OpC2H2-14) genes and one down-regulated OpC2H2 gene (OpC2H2-7) might serve as key transcription factors through the ABA and JA signaling pathways to regulate the growth and development of Opisthopappus species. CONCLUSION The above results not only help to understand the function of C2H2 gene family but also drive progress in genetic improvement for the salt tolerance of Opisthopappus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Zhou
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Ting Gao
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Yimeng Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Mian Han
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Yuexin Shen
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Yu Su
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Xiaolong Feng
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Qi Wu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Genlou Sun
- Department of Botany, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS, B3H 3C3, Canada.
| | - Yiling Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030031, China.
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Kong L, Song Q, Wei H, Wang Y, Lin M, Sun K, Zhang Y, Yang J, Li C, Luo K. The AP2/ERF transcription factor PtoERF15 confers drought tolerance via JA-mediated signaling in Populus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:1848-1867. [PMID: 37691138 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the major limiting factors for the growth and development of perennial trees. Xylem vessels act as the center of water conduction in woody species, but the underlying mechanism of its development and morphogenesis under water-deficient conditions remains elucidation. Here, we identified and characterized an osmotic stress-induced ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 15 (PtoERF15) and its target, PtoMYC2b, which was involved in mediating vessel size, density, and cell wall thickness in response to drought in Populus tomentosa. PtoERF15 is preferentially expressed in differentiating xylem of poplar stems. Overexpression of PtoERF15 contributed to stem water potential maintaining, thus promoting drought tolerance. RNA-Seq and biochemical analysis further revealed that PtoERF15 directly regulated PtoMYC2b, encoding a switch of JA signaling pathway. Additionally, our findings verify that three sets of homologous genes from NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) gene family: PtoSND1-A1/A2, PtoVND7-1/7-2, and PtoNAC118/120, as the targets of PtoMYC2b, are involved in the regulation of vessel morphology in poplar. Collectively, our study provides molecular evidence for the involvement of the PtoERF15-PtoMYC2b transcription cascade in maintaining stem water potential through the regulation of xylem vessel development, ultimately improving drought tolerance in poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Kong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creationin Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qin Song
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creationin Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hongbin Wei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creationin Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creationin Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Minghui Lin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creationin Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Kuan Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creationin Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuqian Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creationin Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jiarui Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creationin Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chaofeng Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creationin Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Maize Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Keming Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creationin Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
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Wei J, Li H, Gui Y, Zhou H, Zhang R, Zhu K, Liu X. Coordination of m 6A mRNA Methylation and Gene Transcriptome in Sugarcane Response to Drought Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3668. [PMID: 37960025 PMCID: PMC10650135 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation of mRNA is involved in biological processes essential for plant growth. To explore the m6A modification of sugarcane and reveal its regulatory function, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) was used to construct the m6A map of sugarcane. In this study, m6A sites of sugarcane transcriptome were significantly enriched around the stop codon and within 3'-untranslated regions (3'UTR). Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that the m6A modification genes are associated with metabolic biosynthesis. In addition, the m6A modification of drought-resistant transcript mRNA increased significantly under drought (DR) treatment, resulting in enhanced mRNA stability, which is involved in regulating sugarcane drought resistance. GO and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment results showed that differentially methylated peak (DMP) modification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in DR were particularly associated with abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis. The upregulated genes were significantly enriched in the ABA metabolism, ethylene response, fatty acid metabolism, and negative regulation of the abscisic acid activation signaling pathway. These findings provide a basis and resource for sugarcane RNA epigenetic studies and further increase our knowledge of the functions of m6A modifications in RNA under abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinju Wei
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (J.W.); (Y.G.); (H.Z.); (R.Z.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Haibi Li
- Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 532415, China;
| | - Yiyun Gui
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (J.W.); (Y.G.); (H.Z.); (R.Z.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (J.W.); (Y.G.); (H.Z.); (R.Z.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (J.W.); (Y.G.); (H.Z.); (R.Z.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (J.W.); (Y.G.); (H.Z.); (R.Z.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Xihui Liu
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (J.W.); (Y.G.); (H.Z.); (R.Z.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
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Gharabli H, Della Gala V, Welner DH. The function of UDP-glycosyltransferases in plants and their possible use in crop protection. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108182. [PMID: 37268151 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases catalyse the transfer of a glycosyl moiety from a donor to an acceptor. Members of this enzyme class are ubiquitous throughout all kingdoms of life and are involved in the biosynthesis of countless types of glycosides. Family 1 glycosyltransferases, also referred to as uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs), glycosylate small molecules such as secondary metabolites and xenobiotics. In plants, UGTs are recognised for their multiple functionalities ranging from roles in growth regulation and development, in protection against pathogens and abiotic stresses and in adaptation to changing environments. In this study, we review UGT-mediated glycosylation of phytohormones, endogenous secondary metabolites, and xenobiotics and contextualise the role this chemical modification plays in the response to biotic and abiotic stresses and plant fitness. Here, the potential advantages and drawbacks of altering the expression patterns of specific UGTs along with the heterologous expression of UGTs across plant species to improve stress tolerance in plants are discussed. We conclude that UGT-based genetic modification of plants could potentially enhance agricultural efficiency and take part in controlling the biological activity of xenobiotics in bioremediation strategies. However, more knowledge of the intricate interplay between UGTs in plants is needed to unlock the full potential of UGTs in crop resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Gharabli
- The Novo Nordisk Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Valeria Della Gala
- The Novo Nordisk Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Ditte Hededam Welner
- The Novo Nordisk Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark.
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7
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Hu J, Chen J, Wang W, Zhu L. Mechanism of growth inhibition mediated by disorder of chlorophyll metabolism in rice (Oryza sativa) under the stress of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 329:138554. [PMID: 37037159 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis mediated by chlorophyll metabolism is the basis for plant growth, and also the important regulatory mechanism of carbon pool in cropland ecosystems. Soil organic pollutants induced growth inhibition in crop plants, herein, we conducted an in-depth investigation on the effects of three representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including phenanthrene (PHE), pyrene (PYR), and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) on rice (Oryza sativa) growth and photosynthesis. PAHs were absorbed via root uptake and accumulated in leaves, causing the swelling of thylakoids and the increase of osmiophilic granules in chloroplasts. The actual quantum efficiency of PSII was significantly decreased under the stress of PHE, PYR, and BaP by 29.9%, 11.9%, and 24.1% respectively, indicating the inhibition in photon absorption and transfer, which was consistent with the decrease of chlorophyll a (22.3%-32.2% compared to the control) in rice leaves. Twenty-two encoding genes involved in chlorophyll metabolism were determined and the results indicated that the expression of chlorophyll synthetases was downregulated by over 50% whereas the degradation process was promoted. Consequently, the production of carbohydrates and the carbon fixation were inhibited, which revealed by the downregulation of intermediate metabolites in Calvin cycle and the declined carboxylation rate. The disturbed photosynthesis resulted in the decrease of the biomasses of both roots (21.0%-42.7%) and leaves (6.4%-22.1%) under the tested PAH stresses. The findings of this study implied that the photosynthetic inhibition was possibly attributed to the disorder of chlorophyll metabolism, thus providing novel insights into the mechanism of growth inhibition induced by organic pollutants and theoretical basis for the estimation of cropland carbon sequestration potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Hu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
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8
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Chen K, Su X, Yang H, Peng Y, Wu L, Zhao Z, Lin T, Bai L, Wang L. Multi-omics analyses reveal the crosstalk between the circadian clock and the response to herbicide application in Oryza sativa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1155258. [PMID: 37035069 PMCID: PMC10080033 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1155258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved circadian clock systems that enable biological processes to occur in tandem with periodic changes in the environment. However, it is largely unknown whether crosstalk occurs between the circadian clock and the response to herbicide in rice. We identified 19 conserved rhythmic metabolites which were response to pesticide application and their metabolic abundance peaked mainly at ZT2 or ZT14-ZT18. We found a series of glyphosate, s-Metolachlor, fenclorim, metcamifen and GA3 response genes were expressed following stable circadian rhythms. In order to determine the patterns of their temporal expression, co-expression network analysis was done on 10,467 genes that were periodically expressed throughout a 24-hour period. Next, we identified 4,031 potential direct target genes of OsCCA1 in using DAP-seq data for OsCCA1. Of these, 339, 22, 53, 53 and 63 genes showed a response to glyphosate, s-Metolachlor, fenclorim, metcamifen and GA3 application, respectively. And they were mainly phased from dusk to midnight. Interestingly, we identified significant OsCCA1 binding peaks in the promoter regions of four herbicide resistance genes, including OsCYP81A12, OsCYP81E22, OsCYP76C2, and OsCYP76C4. Finally, we found that herbicide application could affects the expression of some of the central oscillator genes of the rice circadian clock. Here, we used multi-omics data to reveal the crosstalk between the circadian clock and herbicide response processes at the epigenomics, transcriptome, and metabolome levels in rice. This work will serve as a theoretical guide for identifying rhythmic herbicide targets, leading to the creation of new herbicides or the breeding of crops resistant to herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Indica Rice Genetics and Breeding in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hunan Rice Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
- Huangpu Research Institute of Longping Agricultural Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haona Yang
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Huangpu Research Institute of Longping Agricultural Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajun Peng
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Huangpu Research Institute of Longping Agricultural Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lamei Wu
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Huangpu Research Institute of Longping Agricultural Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenghong Zhao
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Indica Rice Genetics and Breeding in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hunan Rice Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
- Huangpu Research Institute of Longping Agricultural Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lianyang Bai
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Indica Rice Genetics and Breeding in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hunan Rice Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
- Huangpu Research Institute of Longping Agricultural Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Indica Rice Genetics and Breeding in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hunan Rice Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
- Huangpu Research Institute of Longping Agricultural Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Zhang Z, Fang J, Zhang L, Jin H, Fang S. Genome-wide identification of bHLH transcription factors and their response to salt stress in Cyclocarya paliurus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1117246. [PMID: 36968403 PMCID: PMC10035414 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1117246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As a highly valued and multiple function tree species, the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus are enriched in diverse bioactive substances with healthy function. To meet the requirement for its leaf production and medical use, the land with salt stress would be a potential resource for developing C. paliurus plantations due to the limitation of land resources in China. The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor protein family, the second largest protein family in plants, has been found to play essential roles in the response to multiple abiotic stresses, especially salt stress. However, the bHLH gene family in C.paliurus has not been investigated. In this study, 159 CpbHLH genes were successfully identified from the whole-genome sequence data, and were classified into 26 subfamilies. Meanwhile, the 159 members were also analyzed from the aspects of protein sequences alignment, evolution, motif prediction, promoter cis-acting elements analysis and DNA binding ability. Based on transcriptome profiling under a hydroponic experiment with four salt concentrations (0%, 0.15%, 0.3%, and 0.45% NaCl), 9 significantly up- or down-regulated genes were screened, while 3 genes associated with salt response were selected in term of the GO annotation results. Totally 12 candidate genes were selected in response to salt stress. Moreover, based on expression analysis of the 12 candidate genes sampled from a pot experiment with three salt concentrations (0%, 0.2% and 0.4% NaCl), CpbHLH36/68/146 were further verified to be involved in the regulation of salt tolerance genes, which is also confirmed by protein interaction network analysis. This study was the first analysis of the transcription factor family at the genome-wide level of C. paliurus, and our findings would not only provide insight into the function of the CpbHLH gene family members involved in salt stress but also drive progress in genetic improvement for the salt tolerance of C. paliurus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Zhang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Fang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiyin Jin
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengzuo Fang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing, China
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10
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Zhang Y, Fu L, Martinez MR, Sun H, Nava V, Yan J, Ristroph K, Averick SE, Marelli B, Giraldo JP, Matyjaszewski K, Tilton RD, Lowry GV. Temperature-Responsive Bottlebrush Polymers Deliver a Stress-Regulating Agent In Vivo for Prolonged Plant Heat Stress Mitigation. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2023; 11:3346-3358. [PMID: 36874196 PMCID: PMC9976702 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c06461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Anticipated increases in the frequency and intensity of extreme temperatures will damage crops. Methods that efficiently deliver stress-regulating agents to crops can mitigate these effects. Here, we describe high aspect ratio polymer bottlebrushes for temperature-controlled agent delivery in plants. The foliar-applied bottlebrush polymers had near complete uptake into the leaf and resided in both the apoplastic regions of the leaf mesophyll and in cells surrounding the vasculature. Elevated temperature enhanced the in vivo release of spermidine (a stress-regulating agent) from the bottlebrushes, promoting tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum) photosynthesis under heat and light stress. The bottlebrushes continued to provide protection against heat stress for at least 15 days after foliar application, whereas free spermidine did not. About 30% of the ∼80 nm short and ∼300 nm long bottlebrushes entered the phloem and moved to other plant organs, enabling heat-activated release of plant protection agents in phloem. These results indicate the ability of the polymer bottlebrushes to release encapsulated stress relief agents when triggered by heat to provide long-term protection to plants and the potential to manage plant phloem pathogens. Overall, this temperature-responsive delivery platform provides a new tool for protecting plants against climate-induced damage and yield loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Zhang
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Center for Environmental Implications
of Nano Technology (CEINT), Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Liye Fu
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Center for Environmental Implications
of Nano Technology (CEINT), Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Michael R. Martinez
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Center for Environmental Implications
of Nano Technology (CEINT), Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Hui Sun
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Valeria Nava
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Center for Environmental Implications
of Nano Technology (CEINT), Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jiajun Yan
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Center for Environmental Implications
of Nano Technology (CEINT), Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Kurt Ristroph
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Center for Environmental Implications
of Nano Technology (CEINT), Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Saadyah E. Averick
- Neuroscience
Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Allegheny
General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212, United States
| | - Benedetto Marelli
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Juan Pablo Giraldo
- Department
of Botany and Plant Sciences, University
of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Center for Environmental Implications
of Nano Technology (CEINT), Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Robert D. Tilton
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Center for Environmental Implications
of Nano Technology (CEINT), Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Gregory V. Lowry
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Center for Environmental Implications
of Nano Technology (CEINT), Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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11
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Tan JW, Shinde H, Tesfamicael K, Hu Y, Fruzangohar M, Tricker P, Baumann U, Edwards EJ, Rodríguez López CM. Global transcriptome and gene co-expression network analyses reveal regulatory and non-additive effects of drought and heat stress in grapevine. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1096225. [PMID: 36818880 PMCID: PMC9932518 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1096225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite frequent co-occurrence of drought and heat stress, the molecular mechanisms governing plant responses to these stresses in combination have not often been studied. This is particularly evident in non-model, perennial plants. We conducted large scale physiological and transcriptome analyses to identify genes and pathways associated with grapevine response to drought and/or heat stress during stress progression and recovery. We identified gene clusters with expression correlated to leaf temperature and water stress and five hub genes for the combined stress co-expression network. Several differentially expressed genes were common to the individual and combined stresses, but the majority were unique to the individual or combined stress treatments. These included heat-shock proteins, mitogen-activated kinases, sugar metabolizing enzymes, and transcription factors, while phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and histone modifying genes were unique to the combined stress treatment. Following physiological recovery, differentially expressed genes were found only in plants under heat stress, both alone and combined with drought. Taken collectively, our results suggest that the effect of the combined stress on physiology and gene expression is more severe than that of individual stresses, but not simply additive, and that epigenetic chromatin modifications may play an important role in grapevine responses to combined drought and heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia W. Tan
- Environmental Epigenetics and Genetics Group, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Harshraj Shinde
- Environmental Epigenetics and Genetics Group, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Kiflu Tesfamicael
- Environmental Epigenetics and Genetics Group, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- School of Biological Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Yikang Hu
- School of Biological Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mario Fruzangohar
- The Biometry Hub, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Penny Tricker
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Hartley Grove, SA, Australia
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Plant & Food Research Canterbury Agriculture & Science Centre, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Ute Baumann
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Hartley Grove, SA, Australia
| | - Everard J. Edwards
- The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture & Food, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Carlos M. Rodríguez López
- Environmental Epigenetics and Genetics Group, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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12
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Verslues PE, Bailey-Serres J, Brodersen C, Buckley TN, Conti L, Christmann A, Dinneny JR, Grill E, Hayes S, Heckman RW, Hsu PK, Juenger TE, Mas P, Munnik T, Nelissen H, Sack L, Schroeder JI, Testerink C, Tyerman SD, Umezawa T, Wigge PA. Burning questions for a warming and changing world: 15 unknowns in plant abiotic stress. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:67-108. [PMID: 36018271 PMCID: PMC9806664 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We present unresolved questions in plant abiotic stress biology as posed by 15 research groups with expertise spanning eco-physiology to cell and molecular biology. Common themes of these questions include the need to better understand how plants detect water availability, temperature, salinity, and rising carbon dioxide (CO2) levels; how environmental signals interface with endogenous signaling and development (e.g. circadian clock and flowering time); and how this integrated signaling controls downstream responses (e.g. stomatal regulation, proline metabolism, and growth versus defense balance). The plasma membrane comes up frequently as a site of key signaling and transport events (e.g. mechanosensing and lipid-derived signaling, aquaporins). Adaptation to water extremes and rising CO2 affects hydraulic architecture and transpiration, as well as root and shoot growth and morphology, in ways not fully understood. Environmental adaptation involves tradeoffs that limit ecological distribution and crop resilience in the face of changing and increasingly unpredictable environments. Exploration of plant diversity within and among species can help us know which of these tradeoffs represent fundamental limits and which ones can be circumvented by bringing new trait combinations together. Better defining what constitutes beneficial stress resistance in different contexts and making connections between genes and phenotypes, and between laboratory and field observations, are overarching challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Bailey-Serres
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Craig Brodersen
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Thomas N Buckley
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Lucio Conti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Alexander Christmann
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan 85354, Germany
| | - José R Dinneny
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Erwin Grill
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan 85354, Germany
| | - Scott Hayes
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Robert W Heckman
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Po-Kai Hsu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Thomas E Juenger
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Paloma Mas
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Teun Munnik
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Green Life Sciences Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam NL-1098XH, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Christa Testerink
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen D Tyerman
- ARC Center Excellence, Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Taishi Umezawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 6708 PB, Japan
| | - Philip A Wigge
- Leibniz-Institut für Gemüse- und Zierpflanzenbau, Großbeeren 14979, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
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13
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Moloi SJ, Ngara R. The roles of plant proteases and protease inhibitors in drought response: a review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1165845. [PMID: 37143877 PMCID: PMC10151539 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1165845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Upon exposure to drought, plants undergo complex signal transduction events with concomitant changes in the expression of genes, proteins and metabolites. For example, proteomics studies continue to identify multitudes of drought-responsive proteins with diverse roles in drought adaptation. Among these are protein degradation processes that activate enzymes and signalling peptides, recycle nitrogen sources, and maintain protein turnover and homeostasis under stressful environments. Here, we review the differential expression and functional activities of plant protease and protease inhibitor proteins under drought stress, mainly focusing on comparative studies involving genotypes of contrasting drought phenotypes. We further explore studies of transgenic plants either overexpressing or repressing proteases or their inhibitors under drought conditions and discuss the potential roles of these transgenes in drought response. Overall, the review highlights the integral role of protein degradation during plant survival under water deficits, irrespective of the genotypes' level of drought resilience. However, drought-sensitive genotypes exhibit higher proteolytic activities, while drought-tolerant genotypes tend to protect proteins from degradation by expressing more protease inhibitors. In addition, transgenic plant biology studies implicate proteases and protease inhibitors in various other physiological functions under drought stress. These include the regulation of stomatal closure, maintenance of relative water content, phytohormonal signalling systems including abscisic acid (ABA) signalling, and the induction of ABA-related stress genes, all of which are essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis under water deficits. Therefore, more validation studies are required to explore the various functions of proteases and their inhibitors under water limitation and their contributions towards drought adaptation.
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14
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Raza A, Charagh S, García-Caparrós P, Rahman MA, Ogwugwa VH, Saeed F, Jin W. Melatonin-mediated temperature stress tolerance in plants. GM CROPS & FOOD 2022; 13:196-217. [PMID: 35983948 PMCID: PMC9397135 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2022.2106111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Global climate changes cause extreme temperatures and a significant reduction in crop production, leading to food insecurity worldwide. Temperature extremes (including both heat and cold stresses) is one of the most limiting factors in plant growth and development and severely affect plant physiology, biochemical, and molecular processes. Biostimulants like melatonin (MET) have a multifunctional role that acts as a "defense molecule" to safeguard plants against the noxious effects of temperature stress. MET treatment improves plant growth and temperature tolerance by improving several defense mechanisms. Current research also suggests that MET interacts with other molecules, like phytohormones and gaseous molecules, which greatly supports plant adaptation to temperature stress. Genetic engineering via overexpression or CRISPR/Cas system of MET biosynthetic genes uplifts the MET levels in transgenic plants and enhances temperature stress tolerance. This review highlights the critical role of MET in plant production and tolerance against temperature stress. We have documented how MET interacts with other molecules to alleviate temperature stress. MET-mediated molecular breeding would be great potential in helping the adverse effects of temperature stress by creating transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza
- College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Sidra Charagh
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pedro García-Caparrós
- Agronomy Department of Superior School Engineering, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Md Atikur Rahman
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, Korea
| | | | - Faisal Saeed
- Department of Agricultural Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Turkey
| | - Wanmei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, Peking, China
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15
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Identification, Phylogeny, Divergence, Structure, and Expression Analysis of A20/AN1 Zinc Finger Domain Containing Stress-Associated Proteins (SAPs) Genes in Jatropha curcas L. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101766. [PMID: 36292651 PMCID: PMC9601316 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Jatropha is a small woody perennial biofuel-producing shrub. Stress-associated proteins (SAPs) are novel stress regulatory zinc-finger proteins and are mainly associated with tolerance against various environmental abiotic stresses in Jatropha. In the present study, the JcSAP gene family were analyzed comprehensively in Jatropha curcas and 11 JcSAP genes were identified. Phylogenetic analysis classified the JcSAP genes into four groups based on sequence similarity, similar gene structure features, conserved A20 and/or AN1 domains, and their responsive motifs. Moreover, the divergence analysis further evaluated the evolutionary aspects of the JcSAP genes with the predicted time of divergence from 9.1 to 40 MYA. Furthermore, a diverse range of cis-elements including light-responsive elements, hormone-responsive elements, and stress-responsive elements were detected in the promoter region of JcSAP genes while the miRNA target sites predicted the regulation of JcSAP genes via a candid miRNA mediated post-transcriptional regulatory network. In addition, the expression profiles of JcSAP genes in different tissues under stress treatment indicated that many JcSAP genes play functional developmental roles in different tissues, and exhibit significant differential expression under stress treatment. These results collectively laid a foundation for the functional diversification of JcSAP genes.
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16
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Insights into the Response of Perennial Ryegrass to Abiotic Stress: Underlying Survival Strategies and Adaptation Mechanisms. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12060860. [PMID: 35743891 PMCID: PMC9224976 DOI: 10.3390/life12060860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is an important turfgrass and gramineous forage widely grown in temperate regions around the world. However, its perennial nature leads to the inevitable exposure of perennial ryegrass to various environmental stresses on a seasonal basis and from year to year. Like other plants, perennial ryegrass has evolved sophisticated mechanisms to make appropriate adjustments in growth and development in order to adapt to the stress environment at both the physiological and molecular levels. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms of perennial ryegrass response to abiotic stresses is crucial for obtaining superior stress-tolerant varieties through molecular breeding. Over the past decades, studies of perennial ryegrass at the molecular and genetic levels have revealed a lot of useful information to understand the mechanisms of perennial ryegrass adaptation to an adverse environment. Unfortunately, molecular mechanisms by which perennial ryegrass adapts to abiotic stresses have not been reviewed thus far. In this review, we summarize the recent works on the genetic and molecular mechanisms of perennial ryegrass response to the major abiotic stresses (i.e., drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures) and discuss new directions for future studies. Such knowledge will provide valuable information for molecular breeding in perennial ryegrass to improve stress resistance and promote the sustainability of agriculture and the environment.
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17
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Liu Y, Jiang Z, Ye Y, Wang D, Jin S. Enhanced Salt Tolerance of Torreya grandis Genders Is Related to Nitric Oxide Level and Antioxidant Capacity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:906071. [PMID: 35646003 PMCID: PMC9135447 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.906071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), a bioactive molecule, is often involved in the regulation of physiological and biochemical processes in stressed plants. However, the effects of NO donors on dioecious plants remain unclear. Using a pot experiment, female and male Torreya grandis were used to study the role of sex and NO in salt stress tolerance. In the present study, female and male T. grandis seedlings pretreated with an NO donor (sodium nitroprusside, SNP) were exposed to salt stress, and then leaf relative water content (RWC), photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, NO and glutathione levels, oxidative damage, and antioxidant enzyme activities were investigated. Female T. grandis plants had better tolerance to salinity, as they were characterized by significantly higher RWC, pigment content, and photochemical activities of photosystem II (PSII) and fewer negative effects associated with higher nitrate reductase (NR) activity and NO content. Pretreatment with an NO donor further increased the endogenous NO content and NR activity of both female and male T. grandis plants compared with salt treatment. Moreover, pretreatment with an NO donor alleviated salt-induced oxidative damage of T. grandis, especially in male plants, as indicated by reduced lipid peroxidation, through an enhanced antioxidant system, including proline and glutathione accumulation, and increased antioxidant enzyme activities. However, the ameliorating effect of the NO donor was not effective in the presence of the NO scavenger (Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, L-name). In conclusion, enhanced salt tolerance in T. grandis plants is related to nitric oxide levels and the supply of NO donors is an interesting strategy for alleviating the negative effect of salt on T. grandis. Our data provide new evidence to contribute to the current understanding of NO-induced salt stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoke Jiang
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji, China
| | - Yuting Ye
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji, China
| | - Donghui Wang
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji, China
| | - Songheng Jin
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji, China
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18
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Liu Y, Yuan Y, Jiang Z, Jin S. Nitric Oxide Improves Salt Tolerance of Cyclocarya paliurus by Regulating Endogenous Glutathione Level and Antioxidant Capacity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1157. [PMID: 35567158 PMCID: PMC9104720 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyclocarya paliurus is commonly used to treat diabetes in China. However, the natural habitats of C. paliurus are typically affected by salt stress. Previous studies showed that nitric oxide (NO) level was related to salt tolerance of C. paliurus, and its synthesis was induced by exogenous hydrogen sulfide. However, the effects of different NO donors in alleviating the negative effect of salt stress are still unclear. In the present study, C. paliurus seedlings pretreated with three NO donors (S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, SNAP and S-nitrosoglutathione, GSNO and sodium nitroprusside, SNP) were exposed to salt stress, and then, the total biomass, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, NO and glutathione levels, oxidative damage, and antioxidant enzyme activities were investigated. The results showed that pretreatment of NO donors maintained chlorophyll fluorescence and attenuated the loss of plant biomass under salt stress, and the best performance was observed in C. paliurus under SNP treatment. We also found that pretreatment of NO donors further increased the endogenous NO content and nitrate reductase (NR) activity compared with salt treatment. Moreover, pretreatment with NO donors, especially SNP, alleviated salt-induced oxidative damage, as indicated by lowered lipid peroxidation, through an enhanced antioxidant system including glutathione accumulation and increased antioxidant enzyme activities. The supply of NO donors is an interesting strategy for alleviating the negative effect of salt on C. paliurus. Our data provide new evidence contributing to the current understanding of NO-induced salt stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China; (Y.Y.); (Z.J.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yichao Yuan
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China; (Y.Y.); (Z.J.)
| | - Zhuoke Jiang
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China; (Y.Y.); (Z.J.)
| | - Songheng Jin
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China; (Y.Y.); (Z.J.)
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19
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Abstract
On the world stage, the increase in temperatures due to global warming is already a reality that has become one of the main challenges faced by the scientific community. Since agriculture is highly dependent on climatic conditions, it may suffer a great impact in the short term if no measures are taken to adapt and mitigate the agricultural system. Plant responses to abiotic stresses have been the subject of research by numerous groups worldwide. Initially, these studies were concentrated on model plants, and, later, they expanded their studies in several economically important crops such as rice, corn, soybeans, coffee, and others. However, agronomic evaluations for the launching of cultivars and the classical genetic improvement process focus, above all, on productivity, historically leaving factors such as tolerance to abiotic stresses in the background. Considering the importance of the impact that abiotic stresses can have on agriculture in the short term, new strategies are currently being sought and adopted in breeding programs to understand the physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses to environmental disturbances in plants of agronomic interest, thus ensuring the world food security. Moreover, integration of these approaches is bringing new insights on breeding. We will discuss how water deficit, high temperatures, and salinity exert effects on plants.
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20
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Divya K, Palakolanu SR, Kavi Kishor P, Rajesh AS, Vadez V, Sharma KK, Mathur PB. Functional characterization of late embryogenesis abundant genes and promoters in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) for abiotic stress tolerance. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:1616-1628. [PMID: 34455597 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) genes display distinct functions in response to abiotic stresses in plants. In pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.), a total of 21 PgLEA genes were identified and classified into six groups including LEA1, LEA2, LEA3, LEA5, LEA7, and dehydrins (DHN). Open reading frames (ORFs) of PgLEAs range from 291 bp (PgLEA1-1) to 945 bp (PgLEA2-11) and distributed randomly among the seven chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all PgLEA proteins are closely related to sorghum LEA proteins. The PgLEAs were found to be expressed differentially under high progressive vapor pressure deficit (VPD), PgLEA7 was significantly expressed under high VPD and was selected for functional validation. In silico analysis of the PgLEA promoter regions revealed abiotic stress-specific cis-acting elements such as ABRE, CCAAT, MYBS, and LTRE. Based on the type of motifs, PgLEAPC promoter (758 bp), its deletion 1 (PgLpd1, 349 bp) and deletion 2 (PgLpd2, 125 bp) were cloned into the plant expression vector pMDC164 having the promoter-less uidA gene. All the three plant expression vectors were introduced into tobacco through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation to obtain T1 and T2 generations of transgenic plants. Based on expression of the uidA gene, tissue-specific expression was observed in mature stems, roots and seedlings of PgLEAPC and PgLpd1 carrying transgenics only. While the transgenic PgLEAPC plants displayed significantly higher uidA expression in the stem and root tissues under salt, drought, heat, and cold stresses, very low or no expression was observed in PgLpd1 and PgLpd2 transgenics under the tested stress conditions. The results of this study indicate that the complete promoter of PgLEAPC plays a role in developing abiotic stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kummari Divya
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sudhakar Reddy Palakolanu
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Polavarapu Kavi Kishor
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research Deemed to be University, Vadlamudi, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Aishwarya Shankhapal Rajesh
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Vincent Vadez
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kiran K Sharma
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Pooja Bhatnagar Mathur
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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21
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Jiménez VM, Carvajal-Campos P. Ingeniería genética contra estrés abiótico en cultivos neotropicales: osmolitos, factores de transcripción y CRISPR/Cas9. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE BIOTECNOLOGÍA 2021. [DOI: 10.15446/rev.colomb.biote.v23n2.88487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
El neotrópico es sitio de origen de gran variedad de plantas que actualmente son cultivadas con éxito en diferentes regiones del mundo. Sin embargo, condiciones climáticas adversas, que se pueden ver acrecentadas por efectos del cambio climático antropogénico, pueden afectar su rendimiento y productividad debido a las situaciones de estrés abiótico que se pueden generar. Como alternativa para contrarrestar estos efectos, se ha experimentado con modificaciones genéticas, particularmente en genes relacionados con la producción de osmolitos y factores de transcripción que han llevado a que estas plantas, a nivel experimental, tengan mayor tolerancia a estrés oxidativo, altas y bajas temperaturas y fotoinhibición, sequía y salinidad, mediante la acumulación de osmoprotectores, la regulación en la expresión de genes y cambios en el fenotipo. En este trabajo se presentan y describen las estrategias metodológicas planteadas con estos fines y se complementan con ejemplos de trabajos realizados en cultivos de origen neotropical de importancia económica, como maíz, algodón, papa y tomate. Además, y debido a la novedad y potencial que ofrece la edición génica por medio del sistema CRISPR/Cas9, también se mencionan trabajos realizados en plantas con origen neotropical, enfocados en comprender e implementar mecanismos de tolerancia a sequía. Las metodologías aquí descritas podrían constituirse en opciones prácticas para mejorar la seguridad alimentaria con miras a contrarrestar las consecuencias negativas del cambio climático antropogénico.
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22
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Cross-Tolerance and Autoimmunity as Missing Links in Abiotic and Biotic Stress Responses in Plants: A Perspective toward Secondary Metabolic Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111945. [PMID: 34769374 PMCID: PMC8584326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants employ a diversified array of defense activities when they encounter stress. Continuous activation of defense pathways that were induced by mutation or altered expression of disease resistance genes and mRNA surveillance mechanisms develop abnormal phenotypes. These plants show continuous defense genes' expression, reduced growth, and also manifest tissue damage by apoptosis. These macroscopic abrasions appear even in the absence of the pathogen and can be attributed to a condition known as autoimmunity. The question is whether it is possible to develop an autoimmune mutant that does not fetch yield and growth penalty and provides enhanced protection against various biotic and abiotic stresses via secondary metabolic pathways' engineering. This review is a discussion about the common stress-fighting mechanisms, how the concept of cross-tolerance instigates propitious or protective autoimmunity, and how it can be achieved by engineering secondary metabolic pathways.
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23
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Chen P, Yang W, Jin S, Liu Y. Hydrogen sulfide alleviates salinity stress in Cyclocarya paliurus by maintaining chlorophyll fluorescence and regulating nitric oxide level and antioxidant capacity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:738-747. [PMID: 34509132 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyclocarya paliurus is commonly used to treat diabetes in China. However, the natural habitats of C. paliurus are typically affected by salt stress. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a growth regulator that is widely used to enhance plant stress tolerance, but the possible mechanism underlying H2S-alleviated salt stress in C. paliurus remains unclear. C. paliurus seedlings pretreated with NaHS (an H2S donor) were exposed to salt stress, and then, the leaf and total biomass, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, nitric oxide (NO) content, oxidative damage, and proline and phenolic content were investigated to test the hypothesis that H2S and NO were involved in the salt tolerance of C. paliurus. The results showed that H2S pretreatment maintained chlorophyll fluorescence and attenuated the loss of plant biomass. We also found that H2S pretreatment further increased the endogenous NO content and nitrate reductase activity compared with salt treatment. Moreover, H2S pretreatment alleviated salt-induced oxidative damage, as indicated by lowered lipid peroxidation, through an enhanced antioxidant system including more proline and phenolic accumulation and increased antioxidant enzyme activities. However, C. paliurus leaves treated with the NO scavenger significantly diminished H2S-mediated NO production and alleviation of membrane lipid peroxidation. Thus, we concluded that H2S-induced NO was involved in C. paliurus salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Chen
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji, Zhejiang, 311800, China
| | - Wanxia Yang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Songheng Jin
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji, Zhejiang, 311800, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji, Zhejiang, 311800, China; College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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24
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Singh S, Chopperla R, Shingote P, Chhapekar SS, Deshmukh R, Khan S, Padaria JC, Sharma TR, Solanke AU. Overexpression of EcDREB2A transcription factor from finger millet in tobacco enhances tolerance to heat stress through ROS scavenging. J Biotechnol 2021; 336:10-24. [PMID: 34116128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
An extreme temperature regime beyond desired level imposes significant stress in crop plants. The low and high temperature stresses are one of the primary constraints for plant development and yield. Finger millet, being a climate resilient crop, is a potential source of novel stress tolerant genes. In this study, functional characterization of finger millet DREB2A gene in different abiotic stress conditions was done. This novel EcDREB2A transcription factor isolated from finger millet is a truncated version of DREB2A gene compared to previously reported DREB genes from other plant species. The overexpression of EcDREB2A in transgenic tobacco exhibits improved tolerance against heat stress 42 °C for up to 7 days, by altering physiology and biochemical means. However, same transgenic lines were unable to provide tolerance to 200 mM NaCl and 200 mM Mannitol stress. Under heat stress conditions, increased seed germination with improved lateral roots, fresh and dry weight relative to wild type (WT) was observed. The EcDREB2A transgenics exposed to heat stress showed improved rate of stomatal conductance, chlorophyll and carotenoids contents, and other photosynthesis parameters compared to WT plants. EcDREB2A overexpression also resulted in increased antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, CAT, GR, POD and, APX) with decreased electrolyte leakage (EL), H2O2, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content than WT plants under heat stress. Quantitative real time expression analysis demonstrated that all eight downstream genes were significantly upregulated in transgenic plants only after heat stress. Our data provide a clear demonstration of the positive impact of overexpression of EcDREB2A providing heat stress tolerance to plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Singh
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | | | - Prashant Shingote
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | | | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 140308, India
| | - Suphiya Khan
- Banasthali University, Banasthali, 304022, India
| | - Jasdeep C Padaria
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Tilak Raj Sharma
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India; Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, 110001, India
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25
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Accumulation Dynamics of Transcripts and Proteins of Cold-Responsive Genes in Fragaria vesca Genotypes of Differing Cold Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116124. [PMID: 34200124 PMCID: PMC8201005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying and characterizing cold responsive genes in Fragaria vesca associated with or responsible for low temperature tolerance is a vital part of strawberry cultivar development. In this study we have investigated the transcript levels of eight genes, two dehydrin genes, three putative ABA-regulated genes, two cold–inducible CBF genes and the alcohol dehydrogenase gene, extracted from leaf and crown tissues of three F. vesca genotypes that vary in cold tolerance. Transcript levels of the CBF/DREB1 transcription factor FvCBF1E exhibited stronger cold up-regulation in comparison to FvCBF1B.1 in all genotypes. Transcripts of FvADH were highly up-regulated in both crown and leaf tissues from all three genotypes. In the ‘ALTA’ genotype, FvADH transcripts were significantly higher in leaf than crown tissues and more than 10 to 20-fold greater than in the less cold-tolerant ‘NCGR1363’ and ‘FDP817’ genotypes. FvGEM, containing the conserved ABRE promoter element, transcript was found to be cold-regulated in crowns. Direct comparison of the kinetics of transcript and protein accumulation of dehydrins was scrutinized. In all genotypes and organs, the changes of XERO2 transcript levels generally preceded protein changes, while levels of COR47 protein accumulation preceded the increases in COR47 RNA in ‘ALTA’ crowns.
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26
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Engineering cereal crops for enhanced abiotic stress tolerance. PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL SCIENCE ACADEMY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s43538-021-00006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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27
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Drought Stress Impacts on Plants and Different Approaches to Alleviate Its Adverse Effects. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020259. [PMID: 33525688 PMCID: PMC7911879 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Drought stress, being the inevitable factor that exists in various environments without recognizing borders and no clear warning thereby hampering plant biomass production, quality, and energy. It is the key important environmental stress that occurs due to temperature dynamics, light intensity, and low rainfall. Despite this, its cumulative, not obvious impact and multidimensional nature severely affects the plant morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular attributes with adverse impact on photosynthetic capacity. Coping with water scarcity, plants evolve various complex resistance and adaptation mechanisms including physiological and biochemical responses, which differ with species level. The sophisticated adaptation mechanisms and regularity network that improves the water stress tolerance and adaptation in plants are briefly discussed. Growth pattern and structural dynamics, reduction in transpiration loss through altering stomatal conductance and distribution, leaf rolling, root to shoot ratio dynamics, root length increment, accumulation of compatible solutes, enhancement in transpiration efficiency, osmotic and hormonal regulation, and delayed senescence are the strategies that are adopted by plants under water deficit. Approaches for drought stress alleviations are breeding strategies, molecular and genomics perspectives with special emphasis on the omics technology alteration i.e., metabolomics, proteomics, genomics, transcriptomics, glyomics and phenomics that improve the stress tolerance in plants. For drought stress induction, seed priming, growth hormones, osmoprotectants, silicon (Si), selenium (Se) and potassium application are worth using under drought stress conditions in plants. In addition, drought adaptation through microbes, hydrogel, nanoparticles applications and metabolic engineering techniques that regulate the antioxidant enzymes activity for adaptation to drought stress in plants, enhancing plant tolerance through maintenance in cell homeostasis and ameliorates the adverse effects of water stress are of great potential in agriculture.
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28
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Enhanced Abiotic Stress Tolerance of Vicia faba L. Plants Heterologously Expressing the PR10a Gene from Potato. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10010173. [PMID: 33477622 PMCID: PMC7831506 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins are known to play relevant roles in plant defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. In the present study, we characterize the response of transgenic faba bean (Vicia faba L.) plants encoding a PR10a gene from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to salinity and drought. The transgene was under the mannopine synthetase (pMAS) promoter. PR10a-overexpressing faba bean plants showed better growth than the wild-type plants after 14 days of drought stress and 30 days of salt stress under hydroponic growth conditions. After removing the stress, the PR10a-plants returned to a normal state, while the wild-type plants could not be restored. Most importantly, there was no phenotypic difference between transgenic and non-transgenic faba bean plants under well-watered conditions. Evaluation of physiological parameters during salt stress showed lower Na+-content in the leaves of the transgenic plants, which would reduce the toxic effect. In addition, PR10a-plants were able to maintain vegetative growth and experienced fewer photosystem changes under both stresses and a lower level of osmotic stress injury under salt stress compared to wild-type plants. Taken together, our findings suggest that the PR10a gene from potato plays an important role in abiotic stress tolerance, probably by activation of stress-related physiological processes.
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29
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Liu J, Magwanga RO, Xu Y, Wei T, Kirungu JN, Zheng J, Hou Y, Wang Y, Agong SG, Okuto E, Wang K, Zhou Z, Cai X, Liu F. Functional Characterization of Cotton C-Repeat Binding Factor Genes Reveal Their Potential Role in Cold Stress Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:766130. [PMID: 34956264 PMCID: PMC8692369 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.766130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature is a common biological abiotic stress in major cotton-growing areas. Cold stress significantly affects the growth, yield, and yield quality of cotton. Therefore, it is important to develop more robust and cold stress-resilient cotton germplasms. In response to climate change and erratic weather conditions, plants have evolved various survival mechanisms, one of which involves the induction of various stress responsive transcript factors, of which the C-repeat-binding factors (CBFs) have a positive effect in enhancing plants response to cold stress. In this study, genomewide identification and functional characterization of the cotton CBFs were carried out. A total of 29, 28, 25, 21, 30, 26, and 15 proteins encoded by the CBF genes were identified in seven Gossypium species. A phylogenetic evaluation revealed seven clades, with Clades 1 and 6 being the largest. Moreover, the majority of the proteins encoded by the genes were predicted to be located within the nucleus, while some were distributed in other parts of the cell. Based on the transcriptome and RT-qPCR analysis, Gthu17439 (GthCBF4) was highly upregulated and was further validated through forward genetics. The Gthu17439 (GthCBF4) overexpressed plants exhibited significantly higher tolerance to cold stress, as evidenced by the higher germination rate, increased root growth, and high-induction levels of stress-responsive genes. Furthermore, the overexpressed plants under cold stress had significantly reduced oxidative damage due to a reduction in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production. Moreover, the overexpressed plants under cold stress had minimal cell damage compared to the wild types, as evidenced by the Trypan and 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining effect. The results showed that the Gthu17439 (GthCBF4) could be playing a significant role in enhancing cold stress tolerance in cotton and can be further exploited in developing cotton germplasm with improved cold-stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangna Liu
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS)/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Anyang, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University (SBPMAS), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Richard Odongo Magwanga
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS)/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Anyang, China
- School of Biological, Physical, Mathematics and Actuarial Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology (JOOUST), Bondo, Kenya
| | - Yanchao Xu
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS)/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Anyang, China
| | - Tingting Wei
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS)/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Anyang, China
| | - Joy Nyangasi Kirungu
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS)/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Anyang, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University (SBPMAS), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS)/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Anyang, China
| | - Yuqing Hou
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS)/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Anyang, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS)/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Anyang, China
| | - Stephen Gaya Agong
- School of Biological, Physical, Mathematics and Actuarial Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology (JOOUST), Bondo, Kenya
| | - Erick Okuto
- School of Biological, Physical, Mathematics and Actuarial Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology (JOOUST), Bondo, Kenya
| | - Kunbo Wang
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS)/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Anyang, China
| | - Zhongli Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS)/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Anyang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongli Zhou,
| | - Xiaoyan Cai
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS)/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Anyang, China
- Xiaoyan Cai,
| | - Fang Liu
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS)/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Anyang, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University (SBPMAS), Zhengzhou, China
- Fang Liu,
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Mohanan MV, Pushpanathan A, Sasikumar SPT, Selvarajan D, Jayanarayanan AN, R AK, Ramalingam S, Karuppasamy SN, Subbiah R, Ram B, Chinnaswamy A. Ectopic expression of DJ-1/PfpI domain containing Erianthus arundinaceus Glyoxalase III (EaGly III) enhances drought tolerance in sugarcane. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:1581-1594. [PMID: 32876807 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02585-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane transgenic overexpressing EaGly III from Erianthus arundinaceus showed enhanced water deficit stress tolerance. Methylglyoxal (MG), an α-ketoaldehyde formed from either glycolysis or TCA cycle, is capable of causing total cellular damage via the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and nucleic acid degradation. Glyoxalase pathway is a ubiquitous pathway known for detoxification of MG, involving key enzymes glyoxalase I (Gly I) and glyoxalase II (Gly II). Recently, a novel and an additional enzyme in glyoxalase pathway, viz., glyoxalase III (Gly III), has been discovered which possesses DJ-1/PfpI domain recognized for detoxifying MG in a single step process without requirement of any coenzyme. In the present study, a Gly III gene isolated from Erianthus arundinaceus, a wild relative of sugarcane, overexpressed in commercially cultivated sugarcane hybrid Co 86032 was assessed for drought tolerance. Morphometric observations revealed that transgenic sugarcane overexpressing EaGly III acquired drought tolerance trait. Oxidative damage caused by triggering generation of ROS has been determined to be low in transgenic plants as compared to wild type (WT). Transgenics resulted in higher relative water content, chlorophyll content, gas exchange parameters, photosynthetic efficiency, proline content and soluble sugars upon water deficit stress. In addition, higher and stable level of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities were observed along with minimal lipid peroxidation during drought stress signifying the tolerance mechanism exhibited by transgenic events. There was no significant structural change observed in the root anatomy of transgenic plants. Altogether, EaGly III gene could be considered as a potential candidate for conferring water deficit stress tolerance for sugarcane and other agricultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anunanthini Pushpanathan
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641041, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Dharshini Selvarajan
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, 641007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Arun Kumar R
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, 641007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sathishkumar Ramalingam
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641041, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Ramanathan Subbiah
- Agro Climate Research Center, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bakshi Ram
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, 641007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Appunu Chinnaswamy
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, 641007, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Alcázar R, Bueno M, Tiburcio AF. Polyamines: Small Amines with Large Effects on Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance. Cells 2020; 9:E2373. [PMID: 33138071 PMCID: PMC7692116 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, climate change has altered many ecosystems due to a combination of frequent droughts, irregular precipitation, increasingly salinized areas and high temperatures. These environmental changes have also caused a decline in crop yield worldwide. Therefore, there is an urgent need to fully understand the plant responses to abiotic stress and to apply the acquired knowledge to improve stress tolerance in crop plants. The accumulation of polyamines (PAs) in response to many abiotic stresses is one of the most remarkable plant metabolic responses. In this review, we provide an update about the most significant achievements improving plant tolerance to drought, salinity, low and high temperature stresses by exogenous application of PAs or genetic manipulation of endogenous PA levels. We also provide some clues about possible mechanisms underlying PA functions, as well as known cross-talks with other stress signaling pathways. Finally, we discuss about the possible use of PAs for seed priming to induce abiotic stress tolerance in agricultural valuable crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Alcázar
- Polyamine’s Laboratory, Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Milagros Bueno
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Experimental Science, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain;
| | - Antonio F. Tiburcio
- Polyamine’s Laboratory, Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
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Current Advances in Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria Alleviating Salt Stress for Sustainable Agriculture. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10207025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Humanity in the modern world is confronted with diverse problems at several levels. The environmental concern is probably the most important as it threatens different ecosystems, food, and farming as well as humans, animals, and plants. More specifically, salinization of agricultural soils is a global concern because of on one side, the permanent increase of the areas affected, and on the other side, the disastrous damage caused to various plants affecting hugely crop productivity and yields. Currently, great attention is directed towards the use of Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPB). This alternative method, which is healthy, safe, and ecological, seems to be very promising in terms of simultaneous salinity alleviation and improving crop productivity. This review attempts to deal with different aspects of the current advances concerning the use of PGPBs for saline stress alleviation. The objective is to explain, discuss, and present the current progress in this area of research. We firstly discuss the implication of PGPB on soil desalinization. We present the impacts of salinity on crops. We look for the different salinity origin and its impacts on plants. We discuss the impacts of salinity on soil. Then, we review various recent progress of hemophilic PGPB for sustainable agriculture. We categorize the mechanisms of PGPB toward salinity tolerance. We discuss the use of PGPB inoculants under salinity that can reduce chemical fertilization. Finally, we present some possible directions for future investigation. It seems that PGPBs use for saline stress alleviation gain more importance, investigations, and applications. Regarding the complexity of the mechanisms implicated in this domain, various aspects remain to be elucidated.
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Chamani Mohasses F, Solouki M, Ghareyazie B, Fahmideh L, Mohsenpour M. Correlation between gene expression levels under drought stress and synonymous codon usage in rice plant by in-silico study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237334. [PMID: 32776991 PMCID: PMC7416939 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the correlation of synonymous codon usage (SCU) on gene expression levels under drought stress in rice. Sixty genes related to drought stress (with high, intermediate and low expression) were selected from rice meta-analysis data and various codon usage indices such as the effective number of codon usage (ENC), codon adaptation index (CAI) and relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) were calculated. We found that in genes highly expressing under drought 1) GC content was higher, 2) ENC value was lower, 3) the preferred codons of some amino acids changed and 4) the RSCU ratio of GC-end codons relative to AT-end codons for 18 amino acids increased significantly compared with those in other genes. We introduce ARSCU as the Average ratio of RSCUs of GC-end codons to AT-end codons in each gene that could significantly separate high-expression genes under drought from low-expression genes. ARSCU is calculated using the program ARSCU-Calculator developed by our group to help predicting expression level of rice genes under drought. An index above ARSCU threshold is expected to indicate that the gene under study may belong to the "high expression group under drought". This information may be applied for codon optimization of genes for rice genetic engineering. To validate these findings, we further used 60 other genes (randomly selected subset of 43233 genes studied for their response to drought stress). ARSCU value was able to predict the level of expression at 88.33% of the cases. Using third set of 60 genes selected amongst high expressing genes not related to drought, only 31.65% of the genes showed ARSCU value of higher than the set threshold. This indicates that the phenomenon we described in this report may be unique for drought related genes. To justify the observed correlation between CUB and high expressing genes under drought, possible role of tRNA post transcriptional modification and tRFs was hypothesized as possible underlying biological mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Chamani Mohasses
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology (PBB), Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Mahmood Solouki
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology (PBB), Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Behzad Ghareyazie
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Leila Fahmideh
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology (PBB), Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Motahhareh Mohsenpour
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
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Bhandari A, Sandhu N, Bartholome J, Cao-Hamadoun TV, Ahmadi N, Kumari N, Kumar A. Genome-Wide Association Study for Yield and Yield Related Traits under Reproductive Stage Drought in a Diverse indica-aus Rice Panel. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 13:53. [PMID: 32761553 PMCID: PMC7410978 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-020-00406-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reproductive-stage drought stress is a major impediment to rice production in rainfed areas. Conventional and marker-assisted breeding strategies for developing drought-tolerant rice varieties are being optimized by mining and exploiting adaptive traits, genetic diversity; identifying the alleles, and understanding their interactions with genetic backgrounds for their increased contribution to drought tolerance. Field experiments were conducted in this study to identify marker-trait associations (MTAs) involved in response to yield under reproductive-stage (RS) drought. A diverse set of 280 indica-aus accessions was phenotyped for ten agronomic traits including yield and yield-related traits under normal irrigated condition and under two managed reproductive-stage drought environments. The accessions were genotyped with 215,250 single nucleotide polymorphism markers. RESULTS The study identified a total of 219 significant MTAs for 10 traits and candidate gene analysis within a 200 kb window centred from GWAS identified SNP peaks detected these MTAs within/ in close proximity to 38 genes, 4 earlier reported major grain yield QTLs and 6 novel QTLs for 7 traits out of the 10. The significant MTAs were mainly located on chromosomes 1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 11 and 12 and the percent phenotypic variance captured for these traits ranged from 5 to 88%. The significant positive correlation of grain yield with yield-related and other agronomic traits except for flowering time, observed under different environments point towards their contribution in improving rice yield under drought. Seven promising accessions were identified for use in future genomics-assisted breeding programs targeting grain yield improvement under drought. CONCLUSION These results provide a promising insight into the complex genetic architecture of grain yield under reproductive-stage drought in different environments. Validation of major genomic regions reported in the study will enable their effectiveness to develop drought-tolerant varieties following marker-assisted selection as well as to identify genes and understanding the associated physiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Bhandari
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box, 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
- Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, 304022, India
| | - Nitika Sandhu
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box, 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Jérôme Bartholome
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box, 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
- CIRAD, UMR, AGAP, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montepellier, France
| | - Tuong-Vi Cao-Hamadoun
- CIRAD, UMR, AGAP, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montepellier, France
| | - Nourollah Ahmadi
- CIRAD, UMR, AGAP, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montepellier, France
| | | | - Arvind Kumar
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box, 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines.
- IRRI South Asia Regional Centre, Varanasi, 221006, India.
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Liu N, Zhu L. Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Investigation of Metabolic Perturbations in Oryza sativa L. Triggered by Three Pesticides. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:6115-6124. [PMID: 32227873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Inappropriate application of pesticides often triggers molecular alterations in crops, which inadvertently disturbs metabolites and finally affects crop quality. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of action of pesticides on crops is essential for evaluating the potential environmental impact of pesticides. Our findings indicated that three typical pesticides, including herbicide butachlor, insecticide chlorpyrifos, and fungicide tricyclazole, induced the expression regulation of different key genes, exhibiting considerable distinction on metabolic responses in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Butachlor mainly affected five carbohydrate metabolism pathways (38.5%), and more than 48.0% of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were involved in the starch and sucrose metabolism as well as photosynthesis, thereby disturbing the distribution of starch-sucrose. Chlorpyrifos dramatically affected six amino acid metabolism pathways (60.0%), and key DEGs mainly enriched in the aspartate and glutamate metabolism, inducing an increase in free amino acid contents (up to 29.02% of the control) and degradation of soluble proteins (down to 48.72% of the control). Tricyclazole remarkably affected six fatty acid metabolism pathways (53.9%) and significantly upregulated DEGs which primarily code oil-body membrane proteins, which resulted in the decline of saturated fatty acids (palmitic acid and stearic acid) and the increase of unsaturated fatty acids (linolenic acid and octadecadienoic acid). These findings provide a molecular-scale perspective on the response of crops to pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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Nongpiur RC, Singla-Pareek SL, Pareek A. The quest for osmosensors in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:595-607. [PMID: 31145792 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Osmotic stress has severe effects on crop productivity. Since climate change is predicted to exacerbate this problem, the development of new crops that are tolerant to osmotic stresses, especially drought and salinity stress, is required. However, only limited success has been achieved to date, primarily because of the lack of a clear understanding of the mechanisms that facilitate osmosensing. Here, we discuss the potential mechanisms of osmosensing in plants. We highlight the roles of proteins such as receptor-like kinases, which sense stress-induced cell wall damage, mechanosensitive calcium channels, which initiate a calcium-induced stress response, and phospholipase C, a membrane-bound enzyme that is integral to osmotic stress perception. We also discuss the roles of aquaporins and membrane-bound histidine kinases, which could potentially detect changes in extracellular osmolarity in plants, as they do in prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes. These putative osmosensors have the potential to serve as master regulators of the osmotic stress response in plants and could prove to be useful targets for the selection of osmotic stress-tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsong Chantre Nongpiur
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sneh Lata Singla-Pareek
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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Collin A, Daszkowska-Golec A, Kurowska M, Szarejko I. Barley ABI5 ( Abscisic Acid INSENSITIVE 5) Is Involved in Abscisic Acid-Dependent Drought Response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1138. [PMID: 32849699 PMCID: PMC7405899 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
ABA INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5) is a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor which acts in the abscisic acid (ABA) network and is activated in response to abiotic stresses. However, the precise role of barley (Hordeum vulgare) ABI5 in ABA signaling and its function under stress remains elusive. Here, we show that HvABI5 is involved in ABA-dependent regulation of barley response to drought stress. We identified barley TILLING mutants carrying different alleles in the HvABI5 gene and we studied in detail the physiological and molecular response to drought and ABA for one of them. The hvabi5.d mutant, carrying G1751A transition, was insensitive to ABA during seed germination, yet it showed the ability to store more water than its parent cv. "Sebastian" (WT) in response to drought stress. The drought-tolerant phenotype of hvabi5.d was associated with better membrane protection, higher flavonoid content, and faster stomatal closure in the mutant under stress compared to the WT. The microarray transcriptome analysis revealed up-regulation of genes associated with cell protection mechanisms in the mutant. Furthermore, HvABI5 target genes: HVA1 and HVA22 showed higher activity after drought, which may imply better adaptation of hvabi5.d to stress. On the other hand, chlorophyll content in hvabi5.d was lower than in WT, which was associated with decreased photosynthesis efficiency observed in the mutant after drought treatment. To verify that HvABI5 acts in the ABA-dependent manner we analyzed expression of selected genes related to ABA pathway in hvabi5.d and its WT parent after drought and ABA treatments. The expression of key genes involved in ABA metabolism and signaling differed in the mutant and the WT under stress. Drought-induced increase of expression of HvNCED1, HvBG8, HvSnRK2.1, and HvPP2C4 genes was 2-20 times higher in hvabi5.d compared to "Sebastian". We also observed a faster stomatal closure in hvabi5.d and much higher induction of HvNCED1 and HvSnRK2.1 genes after ABA treatment. Together, these findings demonstrate that HvABI5 plays a role in regulation of drought response in barley and suggest that HvABI5 might be engaged in the fine tuning of ABA signaling by a feedback regulation between biosynthetic and signaling events. In addition, they point to different mechanisms of HvABI5 action in regulating drought response and seed germination in barley.
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Jaiswal S, Gautam RK, Singh RK, Krishnamurthy SL, Ali S, Sakthivel K, Iquebal MA, Rai A, Kumar D. Harmonizing technological advances in phenomics and genomics for enhanced salt tolerance in rice from a practical perspective. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 12:89. [PMID: 31802312 PMCID: PMC6892996 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-019-0347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Half of the global human population is dependent on rice as a staple food crop and more than 25% increase in rice productivity is required to feed the global population by 2030. With increase in irrigation, global warming and rising sea level, rising salinity has become one of the major challenges to enhance the rice productivity. Since the loss on this account is to the tune of US$12 billion per annum, it necessitates the global attention. In the era of technological advancement, substantial progress has been made on phenomics and genomics data generation but reaping benefit of this in rice salinity variety development in terms of cost, time and precision requires their harmonization. There is hardly any comprehensive holistic review for such combined approach. Present review describes classical salinity phenotyping approaches having morphological, physiological and biochemical components. It also gives a detailed account of invasive and non-invasive approaches of phenomic data generation and utilization. Classical work of rice salinity QLTs mapping in the form of chromosomal atlas has been updated. This review describes how QTLs can be further dissected into QTN by GWAS and transcriptomic approaches. Opportunities and progress made by transgenic, genome editing, metagenomics approaches in combating rice salinity problems are discussed. Major aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive over-view of hitherto progress made in rice salinity tolerance research which is required to understand bridging of phenotype based breeding with molecular breeding. This review is expected to assist rice breeders in their endeavours by fetching greater harmonization of technological advances in phenomics and genomics for better pragmatic approach having practical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Jaiswal
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute, PUSA, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - R K Gautam
- Division of Field Crop Improvement & Protection, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 744105, India.
| | - R K Singh
- Division of Plant Breeding Genetics and Biotechnology, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Los Banos, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - S L Krishnamurthy
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - S Ali
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - K Sakthivel
- Division of Field Crop Improvement & Protection, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 744105, India
| | - M A Iquebal
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute, PUSA, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Anil Rai
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute, PUSA, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute, PUSA, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Hui-Hui Z, Guang-Liang S, Jie-Yu S, Xin L, Ma-Bo L, Liang M, Nan X, Guang-Yu S. Photochemistry and proteomics of mulberry (Morus alba L.) seedlings under NaCl and NaHCO 3 stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 184:109624. [PMID: 31487570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In order to explore the response and adaptation mechanisms of photosynthesis of the leaves of mulberry (Morus alba L.) seedlings to saline-alkali stress. Photosynthetic activity, and the response of related proteomics of M. alba seedling leaves under NaCl and NaHCO3 stress were studied by using chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange technique combined with TMT proteomics. The results showed that NaCl stress had no significant effect on photosystem II (PSII) activity in M. alba seedling leaves. In addition, the expressions of proteins of the PSII oxygen-evolving complex (OEE3-1 and PPD4) and the LHCII antenna (CP24 10A, CP26, and CP29) were increased, and the photosystem I (PSI) activity in the leaves of M. alba seedlings was increased, as well as expressions of proteins, such as PsaF, PsaG, PsaH, PsaL, PsaN, and Ycf4. Under NaHCO3 stress, the activity of PSII and PSI and the expression of their protein complexes and the electron transfer-related proteins significantly decreased. NaCl stress had little effect on RuBP regeneration during dark reaction in the leaves and the expressions of glucose synthesis related proteins and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) did not decrease significantly. The leaves could adapt to NaCl stress by reducing stomatal conductance (Gs) and increasing water use efficiency (WUE). Under NaHCO3 stress, the expression of dark reaction-related proteins was mostly down-regulated, while Gs was reduced, which indicated that non-stomatal factors can be responsible for inhibition of carbon assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Hui-Hui
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shi Guang-Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shao Jie-Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Xin
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Ma-Bo
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Meng Liang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xu Nan
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Natural Resources and Ecology Institute, Heilongjiang Sciences Academy, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Sun Guang-Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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40
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Ye Y, Medina-Velo IA, Cota-Ruiz K, Moreno-Olivas F, Gardea-Torresdey JL. Can abiotic stresses in plants be alleviated by manganese nanoparticles or compounds? ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 184:109671. [PMID: 31539809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stress has become one of the most challenging problems for agriculture as the world population keeps increasing dramatically. Crop stress management using manganese (Mn) compounds has been recently employed to reduce the negative effects caused by drought, harsh temperature, and salinity. In response to abiotic stress, an adequate supply of Mn has shown to remediate plant manganese deficiency, induce Mn superoxide dismutase at the transcriptional level to face reactive oxygen species production, and stimulate manganese-dependent proteins to maintain cell integrity. Lately, nanoparticles (NPs) have been explored in agriculture applications. Recent studies have implied that Mn NPs may help plants to overcome abiotic stresses at higher efficiency and lower toxicity, compared to their bulk or ionic counterparts. Although studies have shown that Mn compounds promote crop growth and alleviate abiotic stress, many questions related to Mn-plant networking, their mode of signaling, and the Mn-dependent regulation processes need to be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX, 79968, United States; University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX, 79968, United States
| | - Illya A Medina-Velo
- Department of Natural Sciences, Western New Mexico University, 1000 W College Ave., Silver City, NM, 88062, United States
| | - Keni Cota-Ruiz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX, 79968, United States; University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX, 79968, United States
| | - Fabiola Moreno-Olivas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Pkwy., Binghamton, NY, 13902, United States
| | - Jorge L Gardea-Torresdey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX, 79968, United States; Environmental Science and Engineering Ph.D. Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX, 79968, United States; University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX, 79968, United States.
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Ermakov A, Bobrovskikh A, Zubairova U, Konstantinov D, Doroshkov A. Stress-induced changes in the expression of antioxidant system genes for rice ( Oryza sativa L.) and bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). PeerJ 2019; 7:e7791. [PMID: 31803533 PMCID: PMC6886489 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant cell metabolism inevitably forms reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can damage cells or lead to their death. The antioxidant system (AOS) evolved to eliminate a high concentration of ROS. For plants, this system consists of the seven classes of antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant compounds. Each enzymatic class contains a various number of genes which may vary from species to species. In such a multi-copy genetic system, the integration of evolutionary characteristics and expression data makes it possible to effectively predict promising breeding targets for the design of highly-yielding cultivars. In the plant cells, ROS production can increase as a result of abiotic stresses. Accordingly, AOS responds to stress by altering the expression of the genes of its components. Expression profiles of AOS enzymes, including their changes under stress, remains incomplete. A comprehensive study of the system behavior in response to stress for different species gives the key to identify the general mechanisms of AOS regulation. In this article, we studied stress-induced changes in the expression of AOS genes in photosynthetic tissues for rice and bread wheat. METHODS A meta-analysis of genome-wide transcriptome data on stress-induced changes in expression profiles of antioxidant genes using microarray and next generation sequencing (NGS) experiments from the GEO NCBI database for rice and bread wheat was carried out. Experimental study of expression changes in short (6 h) and prolonged (24 h) cold stress responses for selected AOS genes of bread wheat cultivars Saratovskaya29 and Yanetzkis Probat was conducted using qPCR. RESULTS The large-scale meta-transcriptome and complementary experimental analysis revealed a summary of fold changes in the AOS gene expression in response to cold and water deficiency for rice and bread wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Ermakov
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Aleksandr Bobrovskikh
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Ulyana Zubairova
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitrii Konstantinov
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Doroshkov
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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Zulfiqar F, Akram NA, Ashraf M. Osmoprotection in plants under abiotic stresses: new insights into a classical phenomenon. PLANTA 2019; 251:3. [PMID: 31776765 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03293-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant osmoprotectants protect against abiotic stresses. Introgression of osmoprotectant genes into crop plants via genetic engineering is an important strategy in developing more productive plants. Plants employ adaptive mechanisms to survive various abiotic stresses. One mechanism, the osmoprotection system, utilizes various groups of low molecular weight compounds, collectively known as osmoprotectants, to mitigate the negative effect of abiotic stresses. Osmoprotectants may include amino acids, polyamines, quaternary ammonium compounds and sugars. These nontoxic compounds stabilize cellular structures and enzymes, act as metabolic signals, and scavenge reactive oxygen species produced under stressful conditions. The advent of recent drastic fluctuations in the global climate necessitates the development of plants better adapted to abiotic stresses. The introgression of genes related to osmoprotectant biosynthesis from one plant to another by genetic engineering is a unique strategy bypassing laborious conventional and classical breeding programs. Herein, we review recent literature related to osmoprotectants and transgenic plants engineered with specific osmoprotectant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Zulfiqar
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Nudrat Aisha Akram
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Khan A, Khan AL, Muneer S, Kim YH, Al-Rawahi A, Al-Harrasi A. Silicon and Salinity: Crosstalk in Crop-Mediated Stress Tolerance Mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1429. [PMID: 31787997 PMCID: PMC6853871 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress hinders the growth potential and productivity of crop plants by influencing photosynthesis, disturbing the osmotic and ionic concentrations, producing excessive oxidants and radicals, regulating endogenous phytohormonal functions, counteracting essential metabolic pathways, and manipulating the patterns of gene expression. In response, plants adopt counter mechanistic cascades of physio-biochemical and molecular signaling to overcome salinity stress; however, continued exposure can overwhelm the defense system, resulting in cell death and the collapse of essential apparatuses. Improving plant vigor and defense responses can thus increase plant stress tolerance and productivity. Alternatively, the quasi-essential element silicon (Si)-the second-most abundant element in the Earth's crust-is utilized by plants and applied exogenously to combat salinity stress and improve plant growth by enhancing physiological, metabolomic, and molecular responses. In the present review, we elucidate the potential role of Si in ameliorating salinity stress in crops and the possible mechanisms underlying Si-associated stress tolerance in plants. This review also underlines the need for future research to evaluate the role of Si in salinity stress in plants and the identification of gaps in the understanding of this process as a whole at a broader field level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Khan
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Sowbiya Muneer
- School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Yoon-Ha Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ahmed Al-Rawahi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
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Sarkar T, Thankappan R, Mishra GP, Nawade BD. Advances in the development and use of DREB for improved abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic crop plants. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 25:1323-1334. [PMID: 31736537 PMCID: PMC6825097 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-019-00711-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses negatively influence the survival, biomass production, and yield of crops. Tolerance to diverse abiotic stresses in plants is regulated by multiple genes responding differently to various stress conditions. Genetic engineering approaches have helped develop transgenic crops with improved abiotic stress tolerance including yields. The dehydration-responsive element binding protein (DREB) is a stress-responsive transcription factor that modulates the expression of downstream stress-inducible genes, which confer simultaneous tolerance to multiple stresses. This review focuses on advances in the development of DREB transgenic crops and their characterization under various abiotic stress conditions. It further discusses the mechanistic aspects of abiotic stress tolerance, yield gain, the fate of transgenic plants under controlled and field conditions and future research directions toward commercialization of DREB transgenic crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Sarkar
- ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Post Box 1, Junagadh, Gujarat 362001 India
- Central Sericultural Research & Training Institute (CSRTI), Mysuru, Karnataka 570 008 India
| | | | - Gyan P. Mishra
- ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Post Box 1, Junagadh, Gujarat 362001 India
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, Delhi 110012 India
| | - Bhagwat D. Nawade
- ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Post Box 1, Junagadh, Gujarat 362001 India
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Hou J, Li J, Yang Y, Wang Z, Chang B, Yu X, Yuan L, Wang C, Chen G, Tang X, Zhu S. Physiological and Transcriptomic Analyses Elucidate That Exogenous Calcium Can Relieve Injuries to Potato Plants ( Solanum tuberosum L.) under Weak Light. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5133. [PMID: 31623239 PMCID: PMC6829426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Light is one of the most important abiotic factors for most plants, which affects almost all growth and development stages. In this study, physiological indicators suggest that the application of exogenous Ca2+ improves photosynthesis and changes phytohormone levels. Under weak light, photosynthetic parameters of the net photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration rate (Tr) decreased; the antioxidation systems peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) reduced; the degrees of malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2, and superoxide anion (O2-) free radical damage increased; while exogenous Ca2+ treatment was significantly improved. RNA-seq analysis indicated that a total of 13,640 differently expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and 97 key DEGs related to hormone, photosynthesis, and calcium regulation were differently transcribed. Gene ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses, plant hormone signal transduction, photosynthesis, carbon metabolism, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were significantly enriched. Additionally, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis confirmed some of the key gene functions in response to Ca2+. Overall, these results provide novel insights into the complexity of Ca2+ to relieve injuries under weak light, and they are helpful for potato cultivation under weak light stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Hou
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, Hefei 230036, China.
- Department of vegetable culture and breeding, Wanjiang Vegetable Industrial Technology Institute, Maanshan 238200, China.
| | - Jie Li
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Zixin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Bowen Chang
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Xiaowei Yu
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Lingyun Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, Hefei 230036, China.
- Department of vegetable culture and breeding, Wanjiang Vegetable Industrial Technology Institute, Maanshan 238200, China.
| | - Chenggang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, Hefei 230036, China.
- Department of vegetable culture and breeding, Wanjiang Vegetable Industrial Technology Institute, Maanshan 238200, China.
| | - Guohu Chen
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, Hefei 230036, China.
- Department of vegetable culture and breeding, Wanjiang Vegetable Industrial Technology Institute, Maanshan 238200, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Shidong Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, Hefei 230036, China.
- Department of vegetable culture and breeding, Wanjiang Vegetable Industrial Technology Institute, Maanshan 238200, China.
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Khan S, Anwar S, Yu S, Sun M, Yang Z, Gao ZQ. Development of Drought-Tolerant Transgenic Wheat: Achievements and Limitations. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3350. [PMID: 31288392 PMCID: PMC6651533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Crop yield improvement is necessary to keep pace with increasing demand for food. Due to climatic variability, the incidence of drought stress at crop growth stages is becoming a major hindering factor to yield improvement. New techniques are required to increase drought tolerance along with improved yield. Genetic modification for increasing drought tolerance is highly desirable, and genetic engineering for drought tolerance requires the expression of certain stress-related genes. Genes have been identified which confer drought tolerance and improve plant growth and survival in transgenic wheat. However, less research has been conducted for the development of transgenic wheat as compared to rice, maize, and other staple food. Furthermore, enhanced tolerance to drought without any yield penalty is a major task of genetic engineering. In this review, we have focused on the progress in the development of transgenic wheat cultivars for improving drought tolerance and discussed the physiological mechanisms and testing of their tolerance in response to inserted genes under control or field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahbaz Khan
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Sumera Anwar
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Shaobo Yu
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Min Sun
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Zhenping Yang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Gao
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China.
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Liu H, Zhu K, Tan C, Zhang J, Zhou J, Jin L, Ma G, Zou Q. Identification and characterization of PsDREB2 promoter involved in tissue-specific expression and abiotic stress response from Paeonia suffruticosa. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7052. [PMID: 31223528 PMCID: PMC6571008 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dehydration-responsive element-binding factor 2 (DREB2) belongs to the C-repeat-binding factor (CBF)/DREB subfamily of proteins. In this study, a 2,245 bp PsDREB2 promoter fragment was isolated from the genome of Paeonia suffruticosa. The fragment was rich in A/T bases and contained TATA box sequences, abscisic acid (ABA)-response elements, and other cis-elements, such as MYB and CAAT box. The promoter was fused with the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene to generate an expression vector. Arabidopsis thaliana was transformed with a flower dipping method. Gus activity in different tissues and organs of transgenic plants was determined via histochemical staining and quantified via GUS fluorescence. The activity of promoter regulatory elements in transgenic plants under drought, low-temperature, high-salt, and ABA stresses was analyzed. The results showed that the PsDREB2 gene promoter was expressed in the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and silique pods but not in the seeds of transgenic Arabidopsis. Furthermore, the promoter was induced by drought, low temperature, high salt, and ABA. Hence, the PsDREB2 promoter is tissue- and stress-specific and can be used in the genetic engineering of novel peony cultivars in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichun Liu
- Research & Development Center of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaiyuan Zhu
- Research & Development Center of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Tan
- Research & Development Center of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqiang Zhang
- Research & Development Center of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianghua Zhou
- Research & Development Center of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Jin
- Research & Development Center of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangying Ma
- Research & Development Center of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingcheng Zou
- Research & Development Center of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Shukla PS, Mantin EG, Adil M, Bajpai S, Critchley AT, Prithiviraj B. Ascophyllum nodosum-Based Biostimulants: Sustainable Applications in Agriculture for the Stimulation of Plant Growth, Stress Tolerance, and Disease Management. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:655. [PMID: 31191576 PMCID: PMC6548832 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic and biotic stresses limit the growth and productivity of plants. In the current global scenario, in order to meet the requirements of the ever-increasing world population, chemical pesticides and synthetic fertilizers are used to boost agricultural production. These harmful chemicals pose a serious threat to the health of humans, animals, plants, and the entire biosphere. To minimize the agricultural chemical footprint, extracts of Ascophyllum nodosum (ANE) have been explored for their ability to improve plant growth and agricultural productivity. The scientific literature reviewed in this article attempts to explain how certain bioactive compounds present in extracts aid to improve plant tolerances to abiotic and/or biotic stresses, plant growth promotion, and their effects on root/microbe interactions. These reports have highlighted the use of various seaweed extracts in improving nutrient use efficiency in treated plants. These studies include investigations of physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms as evidenced using model plants. However, the various modes of action of A. nodosum extracts have not been previously reviewed. The information presented in this review depicts the multiple, beneficial effects of A. nodosum-based biostimulant extracts on plant growth and their defense responses and suggests new opportunities for further applications for marked benefits in production and quality in the agriculture and horticultural sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushp Sheel Shukla
- Marine Bio-products Research Laboratory, Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Emily Grace Mantin
- Marine Bio-products Research Laboratory, Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Mohd Adil
- Marine Bio-products Research Laboratory, Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Sruti Bajpai
- Marine Bio-products Research Laboratory, Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Alan T. Critchley
- Research & Development, Acadian Seaplants Limited, Dartmouth, NS, Canada
| | - Balakrishnan Prithiviraj
- Marine Bio-products Research Laboratory, Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
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Li F, Liu X, Wu S, Luo Q, Yu B. Hybrid identification for Glycine max and Glycine soja with SSR markers and analysis of salt tolerance. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6483. [PMID: 30809456 PMCID: PMC6385681 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycine max cultivars Lee68, Nannong 1138-2, and Nannong 8831 were used as the female parents, and hybrid lines (F5) 4,111, 4,076 (N23674 × BB52), 3,060 (Lee68 × N23227), and 185 (Jackson × BB52) that selected for salt tolerance generation by generation from the cross combination of G. max and G. soja were used as the male parents, 11 (A-K) backcrosses or three-way crosses were designed and 213 single hybrids were harvested. The optimized soybean simple sequence repeat (SSR)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system was used to analyze the SSR polymorphism of above parental lines and get the parental co-dominant SSR markers for hybrid identification, and in which 30 true hybrids were gained. The true hybrids (G1, G3, G9, G12, G13, G16) of G cross combination were chosen as the representative for the salt tolerance test, and the results showed that, as exposed to salt stress, the seedlings of G9 line displayed higher salt tolerant coefficient, relative growth rate, and dry matter accumulation, when compared with their female parent Nannong 1138-2, and even performed equally strong salt tolerance as the male parent 3,060. It provides a feasible method of the combination of molecular SSR markers and simple physiological parameters to identify the true hybrids of G. max and G. soja, and to innovate the salt-tolerant soybean germplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayuan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xun Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengyan Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingyun Luo
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingjun Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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He K, Zhao X, Chi X, Wang Y, Jia C, Zhang H, Zhou G, Hu R. A novel Miscanthus NAC transcription factor MlNAC10 enhances drought and salinity tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 233:84-93. [PMID: 30623878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2 and CUC2) proteins are key regulators of various plant stress tolerances. However, knowledge of NAC genes remains largely unknown in Miscanthus. Here, we characterized a novel NAC gene MlNAC10 from M. lutarioriparius than plays a role in abiotic stress tolerance. MlNAC10 encodes a nuclear-localized protein with a C-terminal transactivation domain, and has a specific binding affinity to the NAC recognition sequence (NACRS). Ectopic expression of MlNAC10 in Arabidopsis led to increased sensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA) at early seedling growth stages. In addition, the proline content was significantly increased and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capability was significantly enhanced in MlNAC10 overexpression lines under ABA treatment. Moreover, the drought and salt stress tolerance was significantly improved in MlNAC10 overexpression lines. Consistently, the activities of three antioxidant enzymes, namely catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were dramatically stimulated in the overexpression lines compared to the wild type (WT). Correspondingly, the accumulation of ROS was dramatically decreased and malondialdehyde (MDA) was accumulated at a much lower level in the transgenic lines. Meanwhile, the expression of six abiotic stress-related genes was dramatically stimulated in the overexpression lines in comparison to the WT. Together, our results demonstrated that MlNAC10 acts as an important regulator of drought and salinity stress tolerance by stimulating antioxidant enzymes and alleviating ROS damage via the ABA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang He
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chi
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunlin Jia
- Shandong Institute of Agricultural Sustainable Development, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Hongpeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Gongke Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Ruibo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
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