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Yan X, Zhou W, Huang X, Ouyang J, Li S, Gao J, Wang X. RAL6 encodes a seed allergenic protein that positively regulates grain weight and seed germination. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2024:10.1007/s10265-024-01581-w. [PMID: 39242482 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-024-01581-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
The rice albumin (RAG) gene family belongs to the Tryp_alpha_amyl family. RAG2, specifically expressed in 14-21 DAP (days after pollination) seeds, regulates grain yield and quality. In this study, we identified another RAG family gene, RAL6, which exhibits specific expression in developing seeds, particularly in 7, 10, and 15 DAP seeds. Employing the CRISPR/Cas9 system, we analyzed functions of RAL6 and found that the ral6 lines (ral6-1, ral6-2, ral6-3, and ral6-4) displayed thinner seeds with significantly decreased 1000-grain weight and grain thickness compared to ZH11. Additionally, the cell width of spikelet cells, total protein and glutelin contents were significantly reduced in ral6. The germination assay and 1% TTC staining revealed a significant decrease in seed vigor among the ral6 lines. The alpha-amylase activity in ral6 mutant seeds was also markedly lower than in ZH11 seeds after 2 days of imbibition. Furthermore, co-expression analysis and GO annotation showed that co-expressed genes were involved in immune response, oligopeptide transport, and the glucan biosynthetic process. Collectively, our findings suggest that RAL6 plays a coordinating role in regulating grain weight and seed germination in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of life science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Xirui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of life science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Jiexiu Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of life science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Shaobo Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of life science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Jiadong Gao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510555, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of life science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
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Huang D, Wu B, Chen G, Xing W, Xu Y, Ma F, Li H, Hu W, Huang H, Yang L, Song S. Genome-wide analysis of the passion fruit invertase gene family reveals involvement of PeCWINV5 in hexose accumulation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:836. [PMID: 39243043 PMCID: PMC11378628 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05392-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invertases (INVs) are key enzymes in sugar metabolism, cleaving sucrose into glucose and fructose and playing an important role in plant development and the stress response, however, the INV gene family in passion fruit has not been systematically reported. RESULTS In this study, a total of 16 PeINV genes were identified from the passion fruit genome and named according to their subcellular location and chromosome position. These include six cell wall invertase (CWINV) genes, two vacuolar invertase (VINV) genes, and eight neutral/alkaline invertase (N/AINV) genes. The gene structures, phylogenetic tree, and cis-acting elements of PeINV gene family were predicted using bioinformatics methods. Results showed that the upstream promoter region of the PeINV genes contained various response elements; particularly, PeVINV2, PeN/AINV3, PeN/AINV5, PeN/AINV6, PeN/AINV7, and PeN/AINV8 had more response elements. Additionally, the expression profiles of PeINV genes under different abiotic stresses (drought, salt, cold temperature, and high temperature) indicated that PeCWINV5, PeCWINV6, PeVINV1, PeVINV2, PeN/AINV2, PeN/AINV3, PeN/AINV6, and PeN/AINV7 responded significantly to these abiotic stresses, which was consistent with cis-acting element prediction results. Sucrose, glucose, and fructose are main soluble components in passion fruit pulp. The contents of total soluble sugar, hexoses, and sweetness index increased significantly at early stages during fruit ripening. Transcriptome data showed that with an increase in fruit development and maturity, the expression levels of PeCWINV2, PeCWINV5, and PeN/AINV3 exhibited an up-regulated trend, especially for PeCWINV5 which showed highest abundance, this correlated with the accumulation of soluble sugar and sweetness index. Transient overexpression results demonstrated that the contents of fructose, glucose and sucrose increased in the pulp of PeCWINV5 overexpressing fruit. It is speculated that this cell wall invertase gene, PeCWINV5, may play an important role in sucrose unloading and hexose accumulation. CONCLUSION In this study, we systematically identified INV genes in passion fruit for the first time and further investigated their physicochemical properties, evolution, and expression patterns. Furthermore, we screened out a key candidate gene involved in hexose accumulation. This study lays a foundation for further study on INV genes and will be beneficial on the genetic improvement of passion fruit breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Huang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding / Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rual Affairs / Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province / Germplasm Repository of Passiflora, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding / Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rual Affairs / Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province / Germplasm Repository of Passiflora, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, P.R. China
| | - Ge Chen
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Passion fruit Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, P.R. China
| | - Wenting Xing
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding / Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rual Affairs / Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province / Germplasm Repository of Passiflora, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, P.R. China
| | - Yi Xu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding / Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rual Affairs / Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province / Germplasm Repository of Passiflora, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, P.R. China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan, 572025, P.R. China
| | - Funing Ma
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding / Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rual Affairs / Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province / Germplasm Repository of Passiflora, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, P.R. China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan, 572025, P.R. China
| | - Hongli Li
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding / Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rual Affairs / Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province / Germplasm Repository of Passiflora, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Hu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding / Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rual Affairs / Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province / Germplasm Repository of Passiflora, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, P.R. China
| | - Haijie Huang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding / Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rual Affairs / Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province / Germplasm Repository of Passiflora, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, P.R. China
| | - Liu Yang
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Passion fruit Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, P.R. China.
| | - Shun Song
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding / Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rual Affairs / Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province / Germplasm Repository of Passiflora, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, P.R. China.
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan, 572025, P.R. China.
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Huang J, Zhou Z, Wang Y, Yang J, Wang X, Tang Y, Xu R, Li Y, Wu L. SMS2, a Novel Allele of OsINV3, Regulates Grain Size in Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1219. [PMID: 38732433 PMCID: PMC11085151 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Grain size has an important effect on rice yield. Although several key genes that regulate seed size have been reported in rice, their molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, a rice small grain size 2 (sms2) mutant was identified, and MutMap resequencing analysis results showed that a 2 bp insertion in the second exon of the LOC_Os02g01590 gene resulted in a grain length and width lower than those of the wild-type Teqing (TQ). We found that SMS2 encoded vacuolar acid invertase, a novel allele of OsINV3, which regulates grain size. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that SMS2 was involved in endoplasmic reticulum protein synthesis, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and propionic acid metabolism, thereby regulating grain size. An analysis of sugar content in young panicles showed that SMS2 reduced sucrose, fructose, and starch contents, thus regulating grain size. A haplotype analysis showed that Hap2 of SMS2 had a longer grain and was widely present in indica rice varieties. Our results provide a new theoretical basis for the molecular and physiological mechanisms by which SMS2 regulates grain size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhi Huang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China (R.X.)
| | - Zelong Zhou
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China (R.X.)
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China (R.X.)
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China (R.X.)
| | - Xinyue Wang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China (R.X.)
| | - Yijun Tang
- Department of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal College, Ping An Avenue, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Ran Xu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China (R.X.)
| | - Yunhai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Lian Wu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China (R.X.)
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4
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Yu A, Zhou Z, Chen Y, Sun J, Li P, Gu X, Liu A. Functional Genome Analyses Reveal the Molecular Basis of Oil Accumulation in Developing Seeds of Castor Beans. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:92. [PMID: 38203263 PMCID: PMC10778879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Castor (Ricinus communis L.) seeds produce abundant ricinoleic acid during seed maturation, which is important for plant development and human demands. Ricinoleic acid, as a unique hydroxy fatty acid (HFA), possesses a distinct bond structure that could be used as a substitute for fossil fuels. Here, we identified all homologous genes related to glycolysis, hydroxy fatty acid biosynthesis, and triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in castor seeds. Furthermore, we investigated their expression patterns globally during five seed development stages. We characterized a total of 66 genes involved in the glycolysis pathway, with the majority exhibiting higher expression levels during the early stage of castor bean seed development. This metabolic process provided abundant acetyl-CoA for fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis. Subsequently, we identified 82 genes involved in the processes of de novo FA biosynthesis and TAG assembly, with the majority exhibiting high expression levels during the middle or late stages. In addition, we examined the expression patterns of the transcription factors involved in carbohydrate and oil metabolism. For instance, RcMYB73 and RcERF72 exhibited high expression levels during the early stage, whereas RcWRI1, RcABI3, and RcbZIP67 showed relatively higher expression levels during the middle and late stages, indicating their crucial roles in seed development and oil accumulation. Our study suggests that the high HFA production in castor seeds is attributed to the interaction of multiple genes from sugar transportation to lipid droplet packaging. Therefore, this research comprehensively characterizes all the genes related to glycolysis, fatty acid biosynthesis, and triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in the castor and provides novel insight into exploring the genetic mechanisms underlying seed oil accumulation in the endosperm of castor beans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Aizhong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (A.Y.); (Z.Z.); (Y.C.); (J.S.); (P.L.); (X.G.)
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5
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Zhao P, Wu Z, Zheng Y, Shen J, Zhu Y, Chen Q, Wang B, Yang F, Ding Y, Liu H, Wang F, Rensing C, Feng R. Selenite affected photosynthesis of Oryza sativa L. exposed to antimonite: Electron transfer, carbon fixation, pigment synthesis via a combined analysis of physiology and transcriptome. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107904. [PMID: 37506651 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a microelement that can counteract (a)biotic stresses in plants. Excess antimony (Sb) will inhibit plant photosynthesis, which can be alleviated by appropriate doses of Se but the associated mechanisms at the molecular levels have not been fully explored. Here, a rice variety (Yongyou 9) was exposed to selenite [Se(IV), 0.2 and 0.8 mg L-1] alone or combined with antimonite [Sb(III), 5 and 10 mg L-1]. When compared to the 10 mg L-1 Sb treatment alone, addition of Se in a dose-dependent manner 1) reduced the heat dissipation efficiency resulting from the inhibited donors, Sb concentrations in shoots and roots, leaf concentrations of fructose, H2O2 and O2•-; 2) enhanced heat dissipation efficiency resulting from the inhibited accepters value, concentrations of Chl a, sucrose and starch, and the enzyme activity of adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase, sucrose phosphate synthase, and sucrose synthase; but 3) did not alter gas exchange parameters, concentrations of Chl b and total Chl, enzyme activity of soluble acid invertase, and values of maximum P700 signal, photochemical efficiency of PSI and electron transport rate of PSI. Se alleviated the damage caused by Sb to the oxygen-evolving complex and promoted the transfer of electrons from QA to QB. When compared to the 10 mg L-1 Sb treatment alone, addition of Se 1) up-regulated genes correlated to synthesis pathways of Chl, carotenoid, sucrose and glucose; 2) disturbed signal transduction pathway of abscisic acid; and 3) upregulated gene expression correlated to photosynthetic complexes (OsFd1, OsFER1 and OsFER2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Zhao
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - ZiHan Wu
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - YaTing Zheng
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - YanMing Zhu
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - QiaoYuan Chen
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - FengXia Yang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - YongZhen Ding
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China.
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Christopher Rensing
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Renwei Feng
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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6
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Wu X, Wu Z, Ju X, Fan Y, Yang C, Han Y, Chen W, Tang D, Lv C, Cao Q, Wang J, Zhang K. IbInvInh2, a novel invertase inhibitor in sweet potato, regulates starch content through post-translational regulation of vacuolar invertase IbβFRUCT2. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107815. [PMID: 37301188 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As a key enzyme in the starch and sugar metabolic pathways in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.), the vacuolar invertase (EC 3.2.1.26) IbβFRUCT2 is involved in partitioning and modulating the starch and sugar components of the storage root. However, the post-translational regulation of its invertase activity remains unclear. In this study, we identified three invertase inhibitors, IbInvInh1, IbInvInh2, and IbInvInh3, as potential interaction partners of IbβFRUCT2. All were found to act as vacuolar invertase inhibitors (VIFs) and belonged to the plant invertase/pectin methyl esterase inhibitor superfamily. Among the three VIFs, IbInvInh2 is a novel VIF in sweet potato and was confirmed to be an inhibitor of IbβFRUCT2. The N-terminal domain of IbβFRUCT2 and the Thr39 and Leu198 sites of IbInvInh2 were predicted to be engaged in their interactions. The transgenic expression of IbInvInh2 in Arabidopsis thaliana plants reduced the starch content of leaves, while its expression in the Ibβfruct2-expressing Arabidopsis plants increased the starch content of leaves, suggesting that the post-translational inhibition of IbβFRUCT2 activity by IbInvInh2 contributes to the regulation of the plant starch content. Taken together, our findings reveal a novel VIF in sweet potato and provide insights into the potential regulatory roles of the VIFs and invertase-VIF interaction in starch metabolism. These insights lay the foundation for using VIFs to improve the starch properties of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuli Wu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhengdan Wu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Cash Crops Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Xisan Ju
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yonghai Fan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chaobin Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yonghui Han
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wanxia Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Daobin Tang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Changwen Lv
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qinghe Cao
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Xuzhou, 221131, China
| | - Jichun Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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7
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Zhang K, Wu Z, Wu X, Han H, Ju X, Fan Y, Yang C, Tang D, Cao Q, Wang J, Lv C. Regulatory and functional divergence among members of Ibβfruct2, a sweet potato vacuolar invertase gene controlling starch and glucose content. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1192417. [PMID: 37441177 PMCID: PMC10333694 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1192417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] is an important food and industrial crop. Its storage root is rich in starch, which is present in the form of granules and represents the principal storage carbohydrate in plants. Starch content is an important trait of sweet potato controlling the quality and yield of industrial products. Vacuolar invertase encoding gene Ibβfruct2 was supposed to be a key regulator of starch content in sweet potato, but its function and regulation were unclear. In this study, three Ibβfruct2 gene members were detected. Their promoters displayed differences in sequence, activity, and cis-regulatory elements and might interact with different transcription factors, indicating that the three Ibβfruct2 family members are governed by different regulatory mechanisms at the transcription level. Among them, we found that only Ibβfruct2-1 show a high expression level and promoter activity, and encodes a protein with invertase activity, and the conserved domains and three conserved motifs NDPNG, RDP, and WEC are critical to this activity. Only two and six amino acid residue variations were detected in sequences of proteins encoded by Ibβfruct2-2 and Ibβfruct2-3, respectively, compared with Ibβfruct2-1; although not within key motifs, these variations affected protein structure and affinities for the catalytic substrate, resulting in functional deficiency and low activity. Heterologous expression of Ibβfruct2-1 in Arabidopsis decreased starch content but increased glucose content in leaves, indicating Ibβfruct2-1 was a negative regulator of starch content. These findings represent an important advance in understanding the regulatory and functional divergence among duplicated genes in sweet potato, and provide critical information for functional studies and utilization of these genes in genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengdan Wu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuli Wu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Haohao Han
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Xisan Ju
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Yonghai Fan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Chaobin Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Daobin Tang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinghe Cao
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District/Sweet potato Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jichun Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Changwen Lv
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
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8
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Wang X, Zhang J, Mao W, Guan P, Wang Y, Chen Y, Liu W, Guo W, Yao Y, Hu Z, Xin M, Ni Z, Sun Q, Peng H. Association mapping identifies loci and candidate genes for grain-related traits in spring wheat in response to heat stress. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 331:111676. [PMID: 36933836 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress is a limiting factor in wheat production along with global warming. Development of heat-tolerant wheat varieties and generation of suitable pre-breeding materials are the major goals in current wheat breeding programs. Our understanding on the genetic basis of thermotolerance remains sparse. In this study, we genotyped a collection of 211 core spring wheat accessions and conducted field trials to evaluate the grain-related traits under heat stress and non-stress conditions in two different locations for three consecutive years. Based on SNP datasets and grain-related traits, we performed genome-wide association study (GWAS) to detect stable loci related to thermotolerance. Thirty-three quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified, nine of them are the same loci as previous studies, and 24 are potentially novel loci. Functional candidate genes at these QTL are predicted and proved to be relevant to heat stress and grain-related traits such as TaELF3-A1 (1A) for earliness per se (Eps), TaHSFA1-B1 (5B) influencing heat tolerance and TaVIN2-A1 (6A) for grain size. Functional markers of TaELF3-A1 were detected and converted to KASP markers, with their function and genetic diversity being analyzed in the natural populations. In addition, our results unveiled favor alleles controlling agronomic traits and/or heat stress tolerance. In summary, we provide insights into heritable correlation between yield and heat stress tolerance, which will accelerate the development of new cultivars with high and stable yield of wheat in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Institute of Crop Germplasm Resource, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Weiwei Mao
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Panfeng Guan
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongfa Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongming Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wangqing Liu
- Crop Research Institute of Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Ningxia, China
| | - Weilong Guo
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingyin Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaorong Hu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingming Xin
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qixin Sun
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Huiru Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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9
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Fu G, Ren Y, Kang J, Wang B, Zhang J, Fang J, Wu W. Integrative analysis of grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L) transcriptome reveals regulatory network for Chardonnay quality formation. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1187842. [PMID: 37324731 PMCID: PMC10265639 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1187842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins, total phenols, soluble sugar and fruit shape plays a significant role in determining the distinct fruit quality and customer preference. However, for the majority of fruit species, little is known about the transcriptomics and underlying regulatory networks that control the generation of overall quality during fruit growth and ripening. This study incorporated the quality-related transcriptome data from 6 ecological zones across 3 fruit development and maturity phases of Chardonnay cultivars. With the help of this dataset, we were able to build a complex regulatory network that may be used to identify important structural genes and transcription factors that control the anthocyanins, total phenols, soluble sugars and fruit shape in grapes. Overall, our findings set the groundwork to improve grape quality in addition to offering novel views on quality control during grape development and ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqing Fu
- Research Institute of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhua Ren
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Horticultural College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Kang
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Research Institute of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junxiang Zhang
- Food and Wine Academy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Jinggui Fang
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Food and Wine Academy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Weimin Wu
- Research Institute of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Kumari A, Sharma D, Sharma P, Wang C, Verma V, Patil A, Imran M, Singh MP, Kumar K, Paritosh K, Caragea D, Kapoor S, Chandel G, Grover A, Jagadish SVK, Katiyar-Agarwal S, Agarwal M. Meta-QTL and haplo-pheno analysis reveal superior haplotype combinations associated with low grain chalkiness under high temperature in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1133115. [PMID: 36968399 PMCID: PMC10031497 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1133115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chalk, an undesirable grain quality trait in rice, is primarily formed due to high temperatures during the grain-filling process. Owing to the disordered starch granule structure, air spaces and low amylose content, chalky grains are easily breakable during milling thereby lowering head rice recovery and its market price. Availability of multiple QTLs associated with grain chalkiness and associated attributes, provided us an opportunity to perform a meta-analysis and identify candidate genes and their alleles contributing to enhanced grain quality. From the 403 previously reported QTLs, 64 Meta-QTLs encompassing 5262 non-redundant genes were identified. MQTL analysis reduced the genetic and physical intervals and nearly 73% meta-QTLs were narrower than 5cM and 2Mb, revealing the hotspot genomic regions. By investigating expression profiles of 5262 genes in previously published datasets, 49 candidate genes were shortlisted on the basis of their differential regulation in at least two of the datasets. We identified non-synonymous allelic variations and haplotypes in 39 candidate genes across the 3K rice genome panel. Further, we phenotyped a subset panel of 60 rice accessions by exposing them to high temperature stress under natural field conditions over two Rabi cropping seasons. Haplo-pheno analysis uncovered haplotype combinations of two starch synthesis genes, GBSSI and SSIIa, significantly contributing towards the formation of grain chalk in rice. We, therefore, report not only markers and pre-breeding material, but also propose superior haplotype combinations which can be introduced using either marker-assisted breeding or CRISPR-Cas based prime editing to generate elite rice varieties with low grain chalkiness and high HRY traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kumari
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Divya Sharma
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Priya Sharma
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sahil
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Chaoxin Wang
- Department of Computer Science, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Vibha Verma
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Arun Patil
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Chattisgarh, India
| | - Md Imran
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Madan Pal Singh
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi, India
| | - Kuldeep Kumar
- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi, India
| | - Kumar Paritosh
- Centre for Genetic Manipulation of Crop Plants, New Delhi, India
| | - Doina Caragea
- Department of Computer Science, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Sanjay Kapoor
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Girish Chandel
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Chattisgarh, India
| | - Anil Grover
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Manu Agarwal
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Chen J, Pan B, Li Z, Xu Y, Cao X, Jia J, Shen H, Sun L. Fruit shape loci sun, ovate, fs8.1 and their interactions affect seed size and shape in tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1091639. [PMID: 36714752 PMCID: PMC9879704 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1091639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Seed size and shape are not only critical for plant reproduction and dispersal, but also important agronomic traits. Tomato fruit shape loci sun, ovate and fs8.1 regulate the morphology of fruit, flower, leaf and stem, and recently their functions in seed morphogenesis have also been noticed. However, mechanism underlying seed morphology variation has not been systematically investigated yet. Thus, using the near isogenic lines (NILs) harboring one, two or three of the fruit shape loci, histological, physiological and transcriptional bases of seed morphology change have been studied. sun and ovate showed potential abilities in decreasing seed size, whereas, fs8.1 had a potential ability in increasing this parameter. Interactions between two loci and the interaction among three loci all led to significant decrease of seed size. All the loci significantly down-regulated seed shape index (SSI), except for sun/fs8.1 double NIL, which resulted in the reductions in both seed length and width and finally led to a decreased trend of SSI. Histologically, seed morphological changes were mainly attributed to the cell number variations. Transcriptional and physiological analyses discovered that phytohormone-, cytoskeleton- as well as sugar transportation- and degradation-related genes were involved in the regulation of seed morphology by the fruit shape loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bingqing Pan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zixiong Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Xu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomeng Cao
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Jia
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huolin Shen
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Sun
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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12
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Tang W, Lin J, Wang Y, An H, Chen H, Pan G, Zhang S, Guo B, Yu K, Li H, Fang X, Zhang Y. Selection and Validation of 48 KASP Markers for Variety Identification and Breeding Guidance in Conventional and Hybrid Rice (Oryza sativa L.). RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 15:48. [PMID: 36152074 PMCID: PMC9509510 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-022-00594-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breeding of conventional and hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) have solved hunger problems and increased farmers' income in the world. Molecular markers have been widely used in marker-assisted breeding and identification of larger numbers of different bred varieties in the past decades. The recently developed SNP markers are applied for more stable and detectable compared with other markers. But the cost of genotyping lots SNPs is high. So, it is essential to select less representative SNPs and inexpensive detecting methods to lower the cost and accelerate variety identification and breeding process. KASP (Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR) is a flexible method to detect the SNPs, and large number of KASP markers have been widely used in variety identification and breeding. However, the ability of less KASP markers on massive variety identification and breeding remains unknown. RESULTS Here, 48 KASP markers were selected from 378 markers to classify and analyze 518 varieties including conventional and hybrid rice. Through analyzing the population structure, the 48 markers could almost represent the 378 markers. In terms of variety identification, the 48 KASP markers had a 100% discrimination rate in 53 conventional indica varieties and 193 hybrid varieties, while they could distinguish 89.1% conventional japonica rice from different breeding institutes. Two more markers added would increase the ratio from 68.38 to 77.94%. Additionally, the 48 markers could be used for classification of subpopulations in the bred variety. Also, 8 markers had almost completely different genotypes between japonica and indica, and 3 markers were found to be very important for japonica hybrid rice. In hybrid varieties, the heterozygosity of chromosomes 3, 6 and 11 was relatively higher than others. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that 48 KASP markers could be used to identify rice varieties, and the panel we tested could provide a database for breeders to identify new breeding lines. Also, the specific markers we found were useful for marker-assisted breeding in rice, including conventional and hybrid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Tang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lin
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhou An
- The Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding of Hebei Province, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyuan Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gen Pan
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Suobing Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Baowei Guo
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Yu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huayong Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xianwen Fang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Li J, Kim YJ, Zhang D. Source-To-Sink Transport of Sugar and Its Role in Male Reproductive Development. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1323. [PMID: 35893060 PMCID: PMC9329892 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sucrose is produced in leaf mesophyll cells via photosynthesis and exported to non-photosynthetic sink tissues through the phloem. The molecular basis of source-to-sink long-distance transport in cereal crop plants is of importance due to its direct influence on grain yield-pollen grains, essential for male fertility, are filled with sugary starch, and rely on long-distance sugar transport from source leaves. Here, we overview sugar partitioning via phloem transport in rice, especially where relevant for male reproductive development. Phloem loading and unloading in source leaves and sink tissues uses a combination of the symplastic, apoplastic, and/or polymer trapping pathways. The symplastic and polymer trapping pathways are passive processes, correlated with source activity and sugar gradients. In contrast, apoplastic phloem loading/unloading involves active processes and several proteins, including SUcrose Transporters (SUTs), Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEETs), Invertases (INVs), and MonoSaccharide Transporters (MSTs). Numerous transcription factors combine to create a complex network, such as DNA binding with One Finger 11 (DOF11), Carbon Starved Anther (CSA), and CSA2, which regulates sugar metabolism in normal male reproductive development and in response to changes in environmental signals, such as photoperiod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbin Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Department of Life Science and Environmental Biochemistry, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea;
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
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14
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Morin A, Kadi F, Porcheron B, Vriet C, Maurousset L, Lemoine R, Pourtau N, Doidy J. Genome-wide identification of invertases in Fabaceae, focusing on transcriptional regulation of Pisum sativum invertases in seed subjected to drought. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13673. [PMID: 35307852 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Invertases are key enzymes for carbon metabolism, cleaving sucrose into energy-rich and signaling metabolites, glucose and fructose. Invertases play pivotal roles in development and stress response, determining yield and quality of seed production. In this context, the repertoire of invertase gene families is critically scarce in legumes. Here, we performed a systematic search for invertase families in 16 Fabaceae genomes. For instance, we identified 19 invertase genes in the model plant Medicago and 17 accessions in the agronomic crop Pisum sativum. Our comprehensive phylogenetic analysis sets a milestone for the scientific community as we propose a new nomenclature to correctly name plant invertases. Thus, neutral invertases were classified into four clades of cytosolic invertase (CINV). Acid invertases were classified into two cell wall invertase clades (CWINV) and two vacuolar invertase clades (VINV). Then, we explored transcriptional regulation of the pea invertase family, focusing on seed development and water stress. Invertase expression decreased sharply from embryogenesis to seed-filling stages, consistent with higher sucrose and lower monosaccharide contents. The vacuolar invertase PsVINV1.1 clearly marked the transition between both developmental stages. We hypothesize that the predominantly expressed cell wall invertase, PsCWINV1.2, may drive sucrose unloading towards developing seeds. The same candidates, PsVINV1.1 and PsCWINV1.2, were also regulated by water deficit during embryonic stage. We suggest that PsVINV1.1 along with vacuolar sugar transporters maintain cellular osmotic pressure and PsCWINV1.2 control hexose provision, thereby ensuring embryo survival in drought conditions. Altogether, our findings provide novel insights into the regulation of plant carbon metabolism in a challenging environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Morin
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, EBI "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions", Poitiers, France
| | - Fadia Kadi
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, EBI "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions", Poitiers, France
| | - Benoit Porcheron
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, EBI "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions", Poitiers, France
| | - Cécile Vriet
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, EBI "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions", Poitiers, France
| | - Laurence Maurousset
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, EBI "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions", Poitiers, France
| | - Rémi Lemoine
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, EBI "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions", Poitiers, France
| | - Nathalie Pourtau
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, EBI "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions", Poitiers, France
| | - Joan Doidy
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, EBI "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions", Poitiers, France
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15
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Han FX, Dun BQ, Zhang J, Wang Z, Sui Y, Zhu L, Li GY. Cloning and functional analysis of soluble acid invertase 2 gene (SbSAI-2) in sorghum. PLANTA 2021; 255:13. [PMID: 34862923 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03772-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The sorghum soluble acid invertase gene SbSAI-2 was cloned and the function verified in Pichia pastoris and rice, showing the SbSAI-2 affects composition and content of sugar in stem juice. Sugar metabolism is one of the most important metabolic processes in plants, in which soluble acid invertase plays a key role. However, the structure and function of the soluble acid transferase gene in sorghum are still fully unclear. In this study, SbSAI-2 was cloned from the sorghum variety BTx623, and two transcripts were found through sequence analysis, with only one transcript translated into an active protein. There is 72% homology between SbSAI-2 and OsVIN2. The construction of Osvin2 mutant lines and SbSAI-2-1 overexpression lines in Oryza sativa L. japonica. cv. Nipponbare were produced to clarify the invertase functionality. While the invertase activity in the stem of the Osvin2 mutant line was reduced, with no significant difference (P > 0.05), and the contents of fructose and glucose in stem tissue did not change significantly (P > 0.05), and the content of sucrose increased by 38.89% (P < 0.01). In SbSAI-2-1 overexpression lines, the invertase activity in stem was increased by more than 20 times (P < 0.01). The contents of glucose and fructose in stem tissues were increased by two and three times, respectively (P < 0.01), while the content of sucrose was significantly decreased, which was below the detection limit (P < 0.01). This study indicated that SbSAI-2 is a key enzyme related to sucrose metabolism and affects the composition and content of sugar in stems. The result provided further the gene function verification and laid a foundation for the development of molecular markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen-Xia Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Bao-Qing Dun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yi Sui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Gui-Ying Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Feng Z, Zheng F, Wu S, Li R, Li Y, Zhong J, Zhao H. Functional Characterization of a Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) Vacuolar Invertase, CsVI1, Involved in Hexose Accumulation and Response to Low Temperature Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179365. [PMID: 34502273 PMCID: PMC8431200 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), an important vegetable plant species, is susceptible to low temperature stress especially during the seedling stage. Vacuolar invertase (VI) plays important roles in plant responses to abiotic stress. However, the molecular and biochemical mechanisms of VI function in cucumber, have not yet been completely understood and VI responses to low temperature stress and it functions in cold tolerance in cucumber seedlings are also in need of exploration. The present study found that hexose accumulation in the roots of cucumber seedlings under low temperature stress is closely related to the observed enhancement of invertase activity. Our genome-wide search for the vacuolar invertase (VI) genes in cucumber identified the candidate VI-encoding gene CsVI1. Expression profiling of CsVI1 showed that it was mainly expressed in the young roots of cucumber seedlings. In addition, transcriptional analysis indicated that CsVI1 expression could respond to low temperature stress. Recombinant CsVI1 proteins purified from Pichia pastoris and Nicotiana benthamiana leaves could hydrolyze sucrose into hexoses. Further, overexpression of CsVI1 in cucumber plants could increase their hexose contents and improve their low temperature tolerance. Lastly, a putative cucumber invertase inhibitor was found could form a complex with CsVI1. In summary, these results confirmed that CsVI1 functions as an acid invertase involved in hexose accumulation and responds to low temperature stress in cucumber seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Feng
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 732001, China;
| | - Fenghua Zheng
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Z.); (S.W.); (R.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Silin Wu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Z.); (S.W.); (R.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Rui Li
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Z.); (S.W.); (R.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yue Li
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Z.); (S.W.); (R.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jiaxin Zhong
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Hongbo Zhao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Z.); (S.W.); (R.L.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Wang X, Yan X, Tian X, Zhang Z, Wu W, Shang J, Ouyang J, Yao W, Li S. Glycine- and Proline-Rich Protein OsGPRP3 Regulates Grain Size and Quality in Rice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:7581-7590. [PMID: 32579349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The grain size and shape of rice are limited by the growth of the spikelet hulls and are important selective target during domestication and breeding. In this study, we identified a glycine- and proline-rich protein (OsGPRP3), which belongs to a conserved family rarely studied. We found that OsGPRP3 was highly expressed in the seed at 10 days after pollination (DAP) using qRT-PCR, pOsGPRP3::GUS and in situ hybridization. Knockout and knockdown of OsGPRP3 led to significant decrease of 1000-grain weight, grain width, and grain thickness. We further found that the content of storage protein and total lipid were decreased in osgprp3 lines. In particular, the contents of C14:0 (myristic acid), C16:0 (palmitic acid), C18:1 (oleic acid), and C18:2 (linoleic acid) were reduced in osgprp3 lines. Cytological experiments revealed that the cell width of spikelet hull in osgprp3 lines was significantly reduced than that in WT. Taken together, our results reveal that OsGPRP3 regulates the grain size and shape of rice by influencing the cell width of spikelet hulls and the accumulation of storage protein and lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of life sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of life sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of life sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zongfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of life sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of life sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Junjun Shang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of life sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jiexiu Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of life sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Wen Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Shaobo Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of life sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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Wang X, Wang S, Xue Y, Ren X, Xue J, Zhang X. Defoliation, not gibberellin, induces tree peony autumn reflowering regulated by carbon allocation and metabolism in buds and leaves. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 151:545-555. [PMID: 32305821 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Short and concentrated natural fluorescence hinders tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) annual production, and defoliation and gibberellin (GA) application is used to induce its reflowering in autumn. Here, the individual roles of defoliation and GA treatment were determined by monitoring morphological and soluble sugar changes in buds and leaves, and by investigating carbon allocation- and metabolism-related gene expression. Both defoliation and GA treatment induced early bud development, but induction was faster using the GA treatment. Only defoliation, not GA treatment, induced the final reflowering, although their combination accelerated it. Furthermore, defoliation decreased the sucrose content in buds much faster than the GA treatment. This sucrose reduction may play a key role in tree peony reflowering, and the higher carbon metabolism activity in young leaves after defoliation may further help the reflowering process. Defoliation enhanced the expression of sucrose transporters PsSUT4 and PsSWEET12 in buds, and their expression in young leaves was greater than after GA treatment. This indicated that PsSUT4 and PsSWEET12 may help transport carbon into buds after defoliation. In addition, the invertases, PsCIN2 and PsCWIN1 in young leaves were more highly expressed after defoliation, indicating that they may contribute to reflowering after defoliation by accelerating sucrose hydrolysis in young leaves. In addition, the expression levels of PsVIN1 and PsVIN2 in leaves, and PsVIN2 in buds were more highly induced by GA treatment than by defoliation, indicating that PsVINs may mainly respond to GA treatment. These results may help improve the tree peony forcing culture technology and related industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shunli Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuqian Xue
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiuxia Ren
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jingqi Xue
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xiuxin Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China.
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OsINV3 and Its Homolog, OsINV2, Control Grain Size in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062199. [PMID: 32209971 PMCID: PMC7139340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Vacuolar invertase is involved in sugar metabolism and plays a crucial role in plant growth and development, thus regulating seed size. However, information linking vacuolar invertase and seed size in rice is limited. Here we characterized a small grain mutant sg2 (grain size on chromosome 2) that showed a reduced in grain size and 1000-grain weight compared to the wild type. Map-based cloning and genetic complementation showed that OsINV3 is responsible for the observed phenotype. Loss-of-function of OsINV3 resulted in grains of smaller size when compared to the wild type, while overexpression showed increased grain size. We also obtained a T-DNA insertion mutant of OsINV2, which is a homolog of OsINV3 and generated double knockout (KO) mutants of OsINV2 and OsINV3 using CRISPR/Cas9. Genetic data showed that OsINV2, that has no effect on grain size by itself, reduces grain length and width in the absence of OsINV3. Altered sugar content with increased sucrose and decreased hexose levels, as well as changes vacuolar invertase activities and starch constitution in INV3KO, INV2KO, INV3KOINV2KO mutants indicate that OsINV2 and OsINV3 affect sucrose metabolism in sink organs. In summary, we identified OsINV3 as a positive regulator of grain size in rice, and while OsINV2 has no function on grain size by itself. In the absence of OsINV3, it is possible to detect a role of OsINV2 in the regulation of grain size. Both OsINV3 and OsINV2 are involved in sucrose metabolism, and thus regulate grain size. Our findings increase our understanding of the role of OsINV3 and its homolog, OsINV2, in grain size development and also suggest a potential strategy to improve grain yield in rice.
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Ingram GC. Family plot: the impact of the endosperm and other extra-embryonic seed tissues on angiosperm zygotic embryogenesis. F1000Res 2020; 9. [PMID: 32055398 PMCID: PMC6961419 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.21527.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The zygotic embryos of angiosperms develop buried deep within seeds and surrounded by two main extra-embryonic tissues: the maternally derived seed coat tissues and the zygotic endosperm. Generally, these tissues are considered to play an important role in nurturing the developing embryo by acting as conduits for maternally derived nutrients. They are also critical for key seed traits (dormancy establishment and control, longevity, and physical resistance) and thus for seed and seedling survival. However, recent studies have highlighted the fact that extra-embryonic tissues in the seed also physically and metabolically limit embryonic development and that unique mechanisms may have evolved to overcome specific developmental and genetic constraints associated with the seed habit in angiosperms. The aim of this review is to illustrate how these studies have begun to reveal the highly complex physical and physiological relationship between extra-embryonic tissues and the developing embryo. Where possible I focus on Arabidopsis because of space constraints, but other systems will be cited where relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwyneth C Ingram
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, University of Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon, France
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21
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Li YM, Forney C, Bondada B, Leng F, Xie ZS. The Molecular Regulation of Carbon Sink Strength in Grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:606918. [PMID: 33505415 PMCID: PMC7829256 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.606918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Sink organs, the net receivers of resources from source tissues, provide food and energy for humans. Crops yield and quality are improved by increased sink strength and source activity, which are affected by many factors, including sugars and hormones. With the growing global population, it is necessary to increase photosynthesis into crop biomass and yield on a per plant basis by enhancing sink strength. Sugar translocation and accumulation are the major determinants of sink strength, so understanding molecular mechanisms and sugar allocation regulation are conducive to develop biotechnology to enhance sink strength. Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is an excellent model to study the sink strength mechanism and regulation for perennial fruit crops, which export sucrose from leaves and accumulates high concentrations of hexoses in the vacuoles of fruit mesocarp cells. Here recent advances of this topic in grape are updated and discussed, including the molecular biology of sink strength, including sugar transportation and accumulation, the genes involved in sugar mobilization and their regulation of sugar and other regulators, and the effects of hormones on sink size and sink activity. Finally, a molecular basis model of the regulation of sugar accumulation in the grape is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Mei Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Charles Forney
- Kentville Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville, NS, Canada
| | - Bhaskar Bondada
- Wine Science Center, Washington State University, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Feng Leng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Sen Xie
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhao-Sen Xie,
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