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Huang Y, Yang D, Liao S, Guan X, Zhou F, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Ginsenoside Rg1 protects the blood-brain barrier and myelin sheath to prevent postoperative cognitive dysfunction in aged mice. Neuroreport 2024; 35:925-935. [PMID: 39166417 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000002083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) mouse model was established to observe the changes in inflammation, blood-brain barrier permeability, and myelin sheath, and we explore the effect of ginsenoside Rg1 pretreatment on improving POCD syndrome. The POCD model of 15- to 18-month-old mice was carried out with internal fixation of tibial fractures under isoflurane anesthesia. Pretreatment was performed by continuous intraperitoneal injection of ginsenoside Rg1(40 mg/kg/day) for 14 days before surgery. The cognitive function was detected by the Morris water maze. The contents of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α in the hippocampus, cortex, and serum were detected by ELISA. The permeability of blood-brain barrier was observed by Evans blue. The mRNA levels and protein expression levels of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase), myelin basic protein (MBP), beta-catenin, and cyclin D1 in the hippocampus were analyzed by quantitative PCR and western blotting. The protein expression levels of ZO-1 and Wnt1 in the hippocampus were analyzed by western blotting. Finally, the localizations of CNPase and MBP in the hippocampus were detected by immunofluorescence. Ginsenoside Rg1 can prevent POCD, peripheral and central inflammation, and blood-brain barrier leakage, and reverse the downregulation of ZO-1, CNPase, MBP, and Wnt pathway-related molecules in aged mice. Preclinical studies suggest that ginsenoside Rg1 improves postoperative cognitive function in aged mice by protecting the blood-brain barrier and myelin sheath, and its specific mechanism may be related to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University
| | - Dianping Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University
| | - Sijing Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University
| | - Xilin Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University
| | - Feiran Zhou
- Department of Pain, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heiiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
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Johnsen LØ, Friis KA, Møller-Madsen MK, Damkier HH. Mechanisms of cerebrospinal fluid secretion by the choroid plexus epithelium: Application to various intracranial pathologies. Clin Anat 2024. [PMID: 38894645 DOI: 10.1002/ca.24199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The choroid plexus (CP) is a small yet highly active epithelial tissue located in the ventricles of the brain. It secretes most of the CSF that envelops the brain and spinal cord. The epithelial cells of the CP have a high fluid secretion rate and differ from many other secretory epithelia in the organization of several key ion transporters. One striking difference is the luminal location of, for example, the vital Na+-K+-ATPase. In recent years, there has been a renewed focus on the role of ion transporters in CP secretion. Several studies have indicated that increased membrane transport activity is implicated in disorders such as hydrocephalus, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, and posthemorrhagic sequelae. The importance of the CP membrane transporters in regulating the composition of the CSF has also been a focus in research in recent years, particularly as a regulator of breathing and hemodynamic parameters such as blood pressure. This review focuses on the role of the fundamental ion transporters involved in CSF secretion and its ion composition. It gives a brief overview of the established factors and controversies concerning ion transporters, and finally discusses future perspectives related to the role of these transporters in the CP epithelium.
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Vandendriessche C, Bruggeman A, Foroozandeh J, Van Hoecke L, Dujardin P, Xie J, Van Imschoot G, Van Wonterghem E, Castelein J, Lucci C, De Groef L, Vandenbroucke RE. The Spreading and Effects of Human Recombinant α-Synuclein Preformed Fibrils in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Mice. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0024-23.2024. [PMID: 38383588 PMCID: PMC10925901 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0024-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) patients harbor seeding-competent α-synuclein (α-syn) in their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is mainly produced by the choroid plexus (ChP). Nonetheless, little is known about the role of the CSF and the ChP in PD pathogenesis. To address this question, we used an intracerebroventricular (icv) injection mouse model to assess CSF α-syn spreading and its short- and long-term consequences on the brain. Hereby, we made use of seeding-competent, recombinant α-syn preformed fibrils (PFF) that are known to induce aggregation and subsequent spreading of endogenous α-syn in stereotactic tissue injection models. Here, we show that icv-injected PFF, but not monomers (Mono), are rapidly removed from the CSF by interaction with the ChP. Additionally, shortly after icv injection both Mono and PFF were detected in the olfactory bulb and striatum. This spreading was associated with increased inflammation and complement activation in these tissues as well as leakage of the blood-CSF barrier. Despite these effects, a single icv injection of PFF didn't induce a decline in motor function. In contrast, daily icv injections over the course of 5 days resulted in deteriorated grip strength and formation of phosphorylated α-syn inclusions in the brain 2 months later, whereas dopaminergic neuron levels were not affected. These results point toward an important clearance function of the CSF and the ChP, which could mediate removal of PFF from the brain, whereby chronic exposure to PFF in the CSF may negatively impact blood-CSF barrier functionality and PD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charysse Vandendriessche
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arnout Bruggeman
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joyce Foroozandeh
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, Brain Institute KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lien Van Hoecke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Dujardin
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Junhua Xie
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Griet Van Imschoot
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elien Van Wonterghem
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonas Castelein
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cristiano Lucci
- Cellular Communication and Neurodegeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lies De Groef
- Cellular Communication and Neurodegeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Dias-Carvalho A, Sá SI, Carvalho F, Fernandes E, Costa VM. Inflammation as common link to progressive neurological diseases. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:95-119. [PMID: 37964100 PMCID: PMC10761431 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03628-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Life expectancy has increased immensely over the past decades, bringing new challenges to the health systems as advanced age increases the predisposition for many diseases. One of those is the burden of neurologic disorders. While many hypotheses have been placed to explain aging mechanisms, it has been widely accepted that the increasing pro-inflammatory status with advanced age or "inflammaging" is a main determinant of biological aging. Furthermore, inflammaging is at the cornerstone of many age-related diseases and its involvement in neurologic disorders is an exciting hypothesis. Indeed, aging and neurologic disorders development in the elderly seem to share some basic pathways that fundamentally converge on inflammation. Peripheral inflammation significantly influences brain function and contributes to the development of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Understanding the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of progressive neurological diseases is of crucial importance for developing effective treatments and interventions that can slow down or prevent disease progression, therefore, decreasing its social and economic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Dias-Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
- UCIBIO- Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Susana Isabel Sá
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO- Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Marisa Costa
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
- UCIBIO- Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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5
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Garmendia JV, De Sanctis CV, Das V, Annadurai N, Hajduch M, De Sanctis JB. Inflammation, Autoimmunity and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Therapeutics and Beyond. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:1080-1109. [PMID: 37898823 PMCID: PMC10964103 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x22666231017141636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease (ND) incidence has recently increased due to improved life expectancy. Alzheimer's (AD) or Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most prevalent NDs. Both diseases are poly genetic, multifactorial and heterogenous. Preventive medicine, a healthy diet, exercise, and controlling comorbidities may delay the onset. After the diseases are diagnosed, therapy is needed to slow progression. Recent studies show that local, peripheral and age-related inflammation accelerates NDs' onset and progression. Patients with autoimmune disorders like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) could be at higher risk of developing AD or PD. However, no increase in ND incidence has been reported if the patients are adequately diagnosed and treated. Autoantibodies against abnormal tau, β amyloid and α- synuclein have been encountered in AD and PD and may be protective. This discovery led to the proposal of immune-based therapies for AD and PD involving monoclonal antibodies, immunization/ vaccines, pro-inflammatory cytokine inhibition and anti-inflammatory cytokine addition. All the different approaches have been analysed here. Future perspectives on new therapeutic strategies for both disorders are concisely examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Valentina Garmendia
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
| | - Claudia Valentina De Sanctis
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
| | - Viswanath Das
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
- The Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (Catrin), Palacky University, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
| | - Narendran Annadurai
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
| | - Marián Hajduch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
- The Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (Catrin), Palacky University, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
| | - Juan Bautista De Sanctis
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
- The Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (Catrin), Palacky University, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
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6
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Cao TV, Sutherland HG, Benton MC, Haupt LM, Lea RA, Griffiths LR. Exploring the Functional Basis of Epigenetic Aging in Relation to Body Fat Phenotypes in the Norfolk Island Cohort. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:7862-7877. [PMID: 37886940 PMCID: PMC10605526 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45100497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic factor that is modifiable and can change over a lifespan. While many studies have identified methylation sites (CpGs) related to aging, the relationship of these to gene function and age-related disease phenotypes remains unclear. This research explores this question by testing for the conjoint association of age-related CpGs with gene expression and the relation of these to body fat phenotypes. The study included blood-based gene transcripts and intragenic CpG methylation data from Illumina 450 K arrays in 74 healthy adults from the Norfolk Island population. First, a series of regression analyses were performed to detect associations between gene transcript level and intragenic CpGs and their conjoint relationship with age. Second, we explored how these age-related expression CpGs (eCpGs) correlated with obesity-related phenotypes, including body fat percentage, body mass index, and waist-to-hip ratio. We identified 35 age-related eCpGs associated with age. Of these, ten eCpGs were associated with at least one body fat phenotype. Collagen Type XI Alpha 2 Chain (COL11A2), Complement C1s (C1s), and four and a half LIM domains 2 (FHL2) genes were among the most significant genes with multiple eCpGs associated with both age and multiple body fat phenotypes. The COL11A2 gene contributes to the correct assembly of the extracellular matrix in maintaining the healthy structural arrangement of various components, with the C1s gene part of complement systems functioning in inflammation. Moreover, FHL2 expression was upregulated under hypermethylation in both blood and adipose tissue with aging. These results suggest new targets for future studies and require further validation to confirm the specific function of these genes on body fat regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao Van Cao
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia; (T.V.C.); (H.G.S.); (M.C.B.); (L.M.H.); (L.R.G.)
| | - Heidi G. Sutherland
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia; (T.V.C.); (H.G.S.); (M.C.B.); (L.M.H.); (L.R.G.)
| | - Miles C. Benton
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia; (T.V.C.); (H.G.S.); (M.C.B.); (L.M.H.); (L.R.G.)
| | - Larisa M. Haupt
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia; (T.V.C.); (H.G.S.); (M.C.B.); (L.M.H.); (L.R.G.)
- ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
- Max Planck Queensland Centre for the Materials Sciences of Extracellular Matrices, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Rodney A. Lea
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia; (T.V.C.); (H.G.S.); (M.C.B.); (L.M.H.); (L.R.G.)
| | - Lyn R. Griffiths
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia; (T.V.C.); (H.G.S.); (M.C.B.); (L.M.H.); (L.R.G.)
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7
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Choroid Plexus Aquaporins in CSF Homeostasis and the Glymphatic System: Their Relevance for Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010878. [PMID: 36614315 PMCID: PMC9821203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The glymphatic system, a fluid-clearance pathway involved in brain waste clearance, is known to be impaired in neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). For this reason, it is important to understand the specific mechanisms and factors controlling glymphatic function. This pathway enables the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the brain and subsequently the brain interstitium, supported by aquaporins (AQPs). Continuous CSF transport through the brain parenchyma is critical for the effective transport and drainage of waste solutes, such as toxic proteins, through the glymphatic system. However, a balance between CSF production and secretion from the choroid plexus, through AQP regulation, is also needed. Thus, any condition that affects CSF homeostasis will also interfere with effective waste removal through the clearance glymphatic pathway and the subsequent processes of neurodegeneration. In this review, we highlight the role of AQPs in the choroid plexus in the modulation of CSF homeostasis and, consequently, the glymphatic clearance pathway, with a special focus on AD.
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8
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Hobin K, Costas-Rodríguez M, Van Wonterghem E, Vandenbroucke RE, Vanhaecke F. High-Precision Isotopic Analysis of Cu and Fe via Multi-Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry Reveals Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Effects in Blood Plasma and Brain Tissues. Front Chem 2022; 10:896279. [PMID: 35783204 PMCID: PMC9241339 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.896279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The concentration and the isotopic composition of the redox-active essential elements Cu and Fe were investigated in blood plasma and specific brain regions (hippocampus, cortex, brain stem and cerebellum) of mice to assess potential alterations associated with sepsis-associated encephalopathy induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. Samples were collected from young (16-22 weeks) and aged (44-65 weeks) mice after intraperitoneal injection of the LPS, an endotoxin inducing neuroinflammation, and from age- and sex-matched controls, injected with phosphate-buffered saline solution. Sector-field single-collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry was relied upon for elemental analysis and multi-collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry for isotopic analysis. Significant variations were observed for the Cu concentration and for the Cu and Fe isotope ratios in the blood plasma. Concentrations and isotope ratios of Cu and Fe also varied across the brain tissues. An age- and an inflammatory-related effect was found affecting the isotopic compositions of blood plasma Cu and cerebellum Fe, whereas a regional Cu isotopic redistribution was found within the brain tissues. These findings demonstrate that isotopic analysis of essential mineral elements picks up metabolic changes not revealed by element quantification, making the two approaches complementary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Hobin
- Atomic and Mass Spectrometry - A&MS Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marta Costas-Rodríguez
- Atomic and Mass Spectrometry - A&MS Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elien Van Wonterghem
- Barriers in Inflammation Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- Barriers in Inflammation Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Vanhaecke
- Atomic and Mass Spectrometry - A&MS Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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9
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IL-17A drives cognitive aging probably via inducing neuroinflammation and theta oscillation disruption in the hippocampus. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108898. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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de Mélo Silva Júnior ML, Diniz PRB, de Souza Vilanova MV, Basto GPT, Valença MM. Brain ventricles, CSF and cognition: a narrative review. Psychogeriatrics 2022; 22:544-552. [PMID: 35488797 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The brain ventricles are structures that have been related to cognition since antiquity. They are essential components in the development and maintenance of brain functions. The aging process runs with the enlargement of ventricles and is related to a less selective blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and then a more toxic cerebrospinal fluid environment. The study of brain ventricles as a biological marker of aging is promissing because they are structures easily identified in neuroimaging studies, present good inter-rater reliability, and measures of them can identify brain atrophy earlier than cortical structures. The ventricular system also plays roles in the development of dementia, since dysfunction in the clearance of beta-amyloid protein is a key mechanism in sporadic Alzheimer's disease. The morphometric and volumetric studies of the brain ventricles can help to distinguish between healthy elderly and persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Brain ventricle data may contribute to the appropriate allocation of individuals in groups at higher risk for MCI-dementia progression in clinical trials and to measuring therapeutic responses in these studies, as well as providing differential diagnosis, such as normal pressure hydrocephalus. Here, we reviewed the pathophysiology of healthy aging and cognitive decline, focusing on the role of the choroid plexus and brain ventricles in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Luciano de Mélo Silva Júnior
- Medical School, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Medical School, Centro Universitário Maurício de Nassau, Recife, Brazil.,Neurology Unit, Hospital da Restauração, Recife, Brazil
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11
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Guzmán P, Tarín-Carrasco P, Morales-Suárez-Varela M, Jiménez-Guerrero P. Effects of air pollution on dementia over Europe for present and future climate change scenarios. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112012. [PMID: 34529970 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The scientific literature is scarce when referring to the influence of atmospheric pollutants on neurodegenerative diseases for present and future climate change scenarios. In this sense, this contribution evaluates the incidence of dementia (Alzheimer's disease, AD, and dementia from unspecified cause, DU) occurring in Europe associated with the exposure to air pollution (essentially NO2 and PM2.5) for the present climatic period (1991-2010) and for a future climate change scenario (RCP8.5, 2031-2050). The GEMM methodology has been applied to air pollution simulations using the chemistry/climate regional model WRF-Chem. Present population data were obtained from NASA's Center for Socioeconomic Data and Applications (SEDAC); while future population projections for the year 2050 were derived from the United Nations (UN) Department of Economic and Social Affairs-Population Dynamics. Overall, the estimated incidence rate (cases per year) of AD and DU associated with exposure to air pollution over Europe is 498,000 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 348,600-647,400] and 314,000 (95% CI 257,500-401,900), respectively. An important increase in the future incidence rate is projected (around 72% for both types of dementia) when considering the effect of climate change together with the foreseen changes in the future population, because of the expected aging of European population. The climate penalty (impacts of future climate change alone on air quality) has a limited effect on the total changes of dementia (approx. 0.5%), because the large increase in the incidence rate over southern Europe is offset by its decrease over more northern countries, favored by an improvement of air pollution caused by the projected enhancement of rainfall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Guzmán
- Department of Physics, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Spain
| | - Patricia Tarín-Carrasco
- Department of Physics, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Spain
| | - María Morales-Suárez-Varela
- Unit of Public Health and Environmental Care, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Jiménez-Guerrero
- Department of Physics, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.
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12
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Gião T, Teixeira T, Almeida MR, Cardoso I. Choroid Plexus in Alzheimer's Disease-The Current State of Knowledge. Biomedicines 2022; 10:224. [PMID: 35203434 PMCID: PMC8869376 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The choroid plexus (CP), located in each of the four ventricles of the brain, is formed by a monolayer of epithelial cells that surrounds a highly vascularized connective tissue with permeable capillaries. These cells are joined by tight junctions forming the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB), which strictly regulates the exchange of substances between the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The primary purpose of the CP is to secrete CSF, but it also plays a role in the immune surveillance of the central nervous system (CNS) and in the removal of neurotoxic compounds from the CSF. According to recent findings, the CP is also involved in the modulation of the circadian cycle and neurogenesis. In diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), the function of the CP is impaired, resulting in an altered secretory, barrier, transport, and immune function. This review describes the current state of knowledge concerning the roles of the CP and BCSFB in the pathophysiology of AD and summarizes recently proposed therapies that aim to restore CP and BCSFB functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Gião
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (T.T.); (M.R.A.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 4050-013 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Teixeira
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (T.T.); (M.R.A.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Rosário Almeida
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (T.T.); (M.R.A.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 4050-013 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Cardoso
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (T.T.); (M.R.A.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 4050-013 Porto, Portugal
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13
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Yuan M, Wang Y, Wang S, Huang Z, Jin F, Zou Q, Li J, Pu Y, Cai Z. Bioenergetic Impairment in the Neuro-Glia-Vascular Unit: An Emerging Physiopathology during Aging. Aging Dis 2021; 12:2080-2095. [PMID: 34881087 PMCID: PMC8612602 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.04017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
An emerging concept termed the "neuro-glia-vascular unit" (NGVU) has been established in recent years to understand the complicated mechanism of multicellular interactions among vascular cells, glial cells, and neurons. It has been proverbially reported that the NGVU is significantly associated with neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Physiological aging is an inevitable progression associated with oxidative damage, bioenergetic alterations, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation, which is partially similar to the pathology of AD. Thus, senescence is regarded as the background for the development of neurodegenerative diseases. With the exacerbation of global aging, senescence is an increasingly serious problem in the medical field. In this review, the coupling of each component, including neurons, glial cells, and vascular cells, in the NGVU is described in detail. Then, various mechanisms of age-dependent impairment in each part of the NGVU are discussed. Moreover, the potential bioenergetic alterations between different cell types in the NGVU are highlighted, which seems to be an emerging physiopathology associated with the aged brain. Bioenergetic intervention in the NGVU may be a new direction for studies on delaying or diminishing aging in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Yuan
- 1Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China.,2Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China.,3Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China.,4Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- 1Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China.,3Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengyuan Wang
- 1Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China.,2Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China.,3Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China.,4Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenting Huang
- 1Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China.,3Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Jin
- 1Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China.,2Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China.,3Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Zou
- 1Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China.,3Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Li
- 1Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China.,3Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China
| | - Yinshuang Pu
- 1Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China.,3Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyou Cai
- 1Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China.,2Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China.,3Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China.,4Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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14
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Lee S, Wang EY, Steinberg AB, Walton CC, Chinta SJ, Andersen JK. A guide to senolytic intervention in neurodegenerative disease. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 200:111585. [PMID: 34627838 PMCID: PMC8627445 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a potential tumor-suppressive mechanism that generally results in an irreversible cell cycle arrest. Senescent cells accumulate with age and actively secrete soluble factors, collectively termed the 'senescence-associated secretory phenotype' (SASP), which has both beneficial and detrimental effects. Although the contribution of senescent cells to age-related pathologies has been well-established outside the brain, emerging evidence indicates that brain cells also undergo cellular senescence and contribute to neuronal loss in the context of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Contribution of senescent cells in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders has led to the possibility of eliminating senescence cells via pharmacological compounds called senolytics. Recently several senolytics have been demonstrated to elicit improved cognitive performance and healthspan in mouse models of neurodegeneration. However, their translation for use in the clinic still holds several potential challenges. This review summarizes available senolytics, their purported mode of action, and possible off-target effects. We also discuss possible alternative strategies that may help minimize potential side-effects associated with the senolytics approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suckwon Lee
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Ellen Y Wang
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Alexandra B Steinberg
- University of Wisconsin Department of Biochemistry, 433 Babcock Drive., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Chaska C Walton
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA, 94945, USA.
| | - Shankar J Chinta
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA, 94945, USA; Touro University California, College of Pharmacy, 1310 Club Dr., Vallejo, CA, 94592, USA.
| | - Julie K Andersen
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA, 94945, USA.
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15
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Pauwels MJ, Vandendriessche C, Vandenbroucke RE. Special delEVery: Extracellular Vesicles as Promising Delivery Platform to the Brain. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1734. [PMID: 34829963 PMCID: PMC8615927 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of central nervous system (CNS) pathologies is severely hampered by the presence of tightly regulated CNS barriers that restrict drug delivery to the brain. An increasing amount of data suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs), i.e., membrane derived vesicles that inherently protect and transfer biological cargoes between cells, naturally cross the CNS barriers. Moreover, EVs can be engineered with targeting ligands to obtain enriched tissue targeting and delivery capacities. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of the literature describing a natural and engineered CNS targeting and therapeutic efficiency of different cell type derived EVs. Hereby, we specifically focus on peripheral administration routes in a broad range of CNS diseases. Furthermore, we underline the potential of research aimed at elucidating the vesicular transport mechanisms across the different CNS barriers. Finally, we elaborate on the practical considerations towards the application of EVs as a brain drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie J. Pauwels
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (M.J.P.); (C.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charysse Vandendriessche
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (M.J.P.); (C.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (M.J.P.); (C.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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16
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Van Hoecke L, Van Cauwenberghe C, Dominko K, Van Imschoot G, Van Wonterghem E, Castelein J, Xie J, Claeys W, Vandendriessche C, Kremer A, Borghgraef P, De Rycke R, Hecimovic S, Vandenbroucke RE. Involvement of the Choroid Plexus in the Pathogenesis of Niemann-Pick Disease Type C. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:757482. [PMID: 34720883 PMCID: PMC8555471 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.757482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease, sometimes called childhood Alzheimer’s, is a rare neurovisceral lipid storage disease with progressive neurodegeneration leading to premature death. The disease is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the Npc1 or Npc2 gene which both result into lipid accumulation in the late endosomes and lysosomes. Since the disease presents with a broad heterogenous clinical spectrum, the involved disease mechanisms are still incompletely understood and this hampers finding an effective treatment. As NPC patients, who carry NPC1 mutations, have shown to share several pathological features with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and we and others have previously shown that AD is associated with a dysfunctionality of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier located at choroid plexus, we investigated the functionality of this latter barrier in NPC1 pathology. Using NPC1–/– mice, we show that despite an increase in inflammatory gene expression in choroid plexus epithelial (CPE) cells, the blood-CSF barrier integrity is not dramatically affected. Interestingly, we did observe a massive increase in autophagosomes in CPE cells and enlarged extracellular vesicles (EVs) in CSF upon NPC1 pathology. Additionally, we revealed that these EVs exert toxic effects on brain tissue, in vitro as well as in vivo. Moreover, we observed that EVs derived from the supernatant of NPC1–/– choroid plexus explants are able to induce typical brain pathology characteristics of NPC1–/–, more specifically microgliosis and astrogliosis. Taken together, our data reveal for the first time that the choroid plexus and CSF EVs might play a role in the brain-related pathogenesis of NPC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien Van Hoecke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Caroline Van Cauwenberghe
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristina Dominko
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Griet Van Imschoot
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elien Van Wonterghem
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonas Castelein
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Junhua Xie
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wouter Claeys
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Hepatology Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charysse Vandendriessche
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anna Kremer
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB BioImaging Core Ghent, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Borghgraef
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB BioImaging Core Ghent, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Riet De Rycke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB BioImaging Core Ghent, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Ghent University Expertise Centre for Transmission Electron Microscopy, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Silva Hecimovic
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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17
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Hassani Moghaddam M, Eskandarian Boroujeni M, Vakili K, Fathi M, Abdollahifar MA, Eskandari N, Esmaeilpour T, Aliaghaei A. Functional and structural alternations in the choroid plexus upon methamphetamine exposure. Neurosci Lett 2021; 764:136246. [PMID: 34530114 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Choroid plexus (CP) is the principal source of cerebrospinal fluid. CP can produce and release a wide range of materials including growth factors, neurotrophic factors, etc. all of which play an important role in the maintenance and proper functioning of the brain. Methamphetamine (METH) is a CNS neurostimulant that causes brain dysfunction. Herein, we investigated the potential effects of METH exposure on CP structure and function. Stereological analysis revealed a significant alteration in CP volume, epithelial cells and capillary number upon METH treatment. Electron microscopy exhibited changes in ultrastructure. Moreover, the upregulation of neurotrophic factors such as BDNF and VEGF as well as autophagy and apoptosis gene following METH administration were observed. We also identified several signaling cascades related to autophagy. In conclusion, gene expression changes coupled with structural alterations of the CP in response to METH suggested METH-induced autophagy in CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Hassani Moghaddam
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Eskandarian Boroujeni
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Kimia Vakili
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mobina Fathi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Eskandari
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Esmaeilpour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Abbas Aliaghaei
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Hanafy AS, Dietrich D, Fricker G, Lamprecht A. Blood-brain barrier models: Rationale for selection. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113859. [PMID: 34246710 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Brain delivery is a broad research area, the outcomes of which are far hindered by the limited permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Over the last century, research has been revealing the BBB complexity and the crosstalk between its cellular and molecular components. Pathologically, BBB alterations may precede as well as be concomitant or lead to brain diseases. To simulate the BBB and investigate options for drug delivery, several in vitro, in vivo, ex vivo, in situ and in silico models are used. Hundreds of drug delivery vehicles successfully pass preclinical trials but fail in clinical settings. Inadequate selection of BBB models is believed to remarkably impact the data reliability leading to unsatisfactory results in clinical trials. In this review, we suggest a rationale for BBB model selection with respect to the addressed research question and downstream applications. The essential considerations of an optimal BBB model are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Sayed Hanafy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Dirk Dietrich
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gert Fricker
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alf Lamprecht
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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19
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Vandendriessche C, Balusu S, Van Cauwenberghe C, Brkic M, Pauwels M, Plehiers N, Bruggeman A, Dujardin P, Van Imschoot G, Van Wonterghem E, Hendrix A, Baeke F, De Rycke R, Gevaert K, Vandenbroucke RE. Importance of extracellular vesicle secretion at the blood-cerebrospinal fluid interface in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:143. [PMID: 34425919 PMCID: PMC8381545 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01245-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We previously reported that the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) interface, formed by the choroid plexus epithelial (CPE) cells, releases an increased amount of EVs into the CSF in response to peripheral inflammation. Here, we studied the importance of CP-mediated EV release in AD pathogenesis. We observed increased EV levels in the CSF of young transgenic APP/PS1 mice which correlated with high amyloid beta (Aβ) CSF levels at this age. The intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of Aβ oligomers (AβO) in wild-type mice revealed a significant increase of EVs in the CSF, signifying that the presence of CSF-AβO is sufficient to induce increased EV secretion. Using in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo approaches, we identified the CP as a major source of the CSF-EVs. Interestingly, AβO-induced, CP-derived EVs induced pro-inflammatory effects in mixed cortical cultures. Proteome analysis of these EVs revealed the presence of several pro-inflammatory proteins, including the complement protein C3. Strikingly, inhibition of EV production using GW4869 resulted in protection against acute AβO-induced cognitive decline. Further research into the underlying mechanisms of this EV secretion might open up novel therapeutic strategies to impact the pathogenesis and progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charysse Vandendriessche
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sriram Balusu
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Caroline Van Cauwenberghe
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marjana Brkic
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Marie Pauwels
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nele Plehiers
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arnout Bruggeman
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Dujardin
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Griet Van Imschoot
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elien Van Wonterghem
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Hendrix
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Femke Baeke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB BioImaging Core, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Riet De Rycke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB BioImaging Core, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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20
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Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050524. [PMID: 34067173 PMCID: PMC8150909 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with human aging. Ten percent of individuals over 65 years have AD and its prevalence continues to rise with increasing age. There are currently no effective disease modifying treatments for AD, resulting in increasingly large socioeconomic and personal costs. Increasing age is associated with an increase in low-grade chronic inflammation (inflammaging) that may contribute to the neurodegenerative process in AD. Although the exact mechanisms remain unclear, aberrant elevation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) levels from several endogenous and exogenous processes in the brain may not only affect cell signaling, but also trigger cellular senescence, inflammation, and pyroptosis. Moreover, a compromised immune privilege of the brain that allows the infiltration of peripheral immune cells and infectious agents may play a role. Additionally, meta-inflammation as well as gut microbiota dysbiosis may drive the neuroinflammatory process. Considering that inflammatory/immune pathways are dysregulated in parallel with cognitive dysfunction in AD, elucidating the relationship between the central nervous system and the immune system may facilitate the development of a safe and effective therapy for AD. We discuss some current ideas on processes in inflammaging that appear to drive the neurodegenerative process in AD and summarize details on a few immunomodulatory strategies being developed to selectively target the detrimental aspects of neuroinflammation without affecting defense mechanisms against pathogens and tissue damage.
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Chiba Y, Murakami R, Matsumoto K, Wakamatsu K, Nonaka W, Uemura N, Yanase K, Kamada M, Ueno M. Glucose, Fructose, and Urate Transporters in the Choroid Plexus Epithelium. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7230. [PMID: 33008107 PMCID: PMC7582461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The choroid plexus plays a central role in the regulation of the microenvironment of the central nervous system by secreting the majority of the cerebrospinal fluid and controlling its composition, despite that it only represents approximately 1% of the total brain weight. In addition to a variety of transporter and channel proteins for solutes and water, the choroid plexus epithelial cells are equipped with glucose, fructose, and urate transporters that are used as energy sources or antioxidative neuroprotective substrates. This review focuses on the recent advances in the understanding of the transporters of the SLC2A and SLC5A families (GLUT1, SGLT2, GLUT5, GLUT8, and GLUT9), as well as on the urate-transporting URAT1 and BCRP/ABCG2, which are expressed in choroid plexus epithelial cells. The glucose, fructose, and urate transporters repertoire in the choroid plexus epithelium share similar features with the renal proximal tubular epithelium, although some of these transporters exhibit inversely polarized submembrane localization. Since choroid plexus epithelial cells have high energy demands for proper functioning, a decline in the expression and function of these transporters can contribute to the process of age-associated brain impairment and pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Chiba
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (Y.C.); (R.M.); (K.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Ryuta Murakami
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (Y.C.); (R.M.); (K.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Koichi Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (Y.C.); (R.M.); (K.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Keiji Wakamatsu
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (Y.C.); (R.M.); (K.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Wakako Nonaka
- Department of Supportive and Promotive Medicine of the Municipal Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan;
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Naoya Uemura
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (N.U.); (K.Y.)
| | - Ken Yanase
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (N.U.); (K.Y.)
| | - Masaki Kamada
- Department of Neurological Intractable Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan;
| | - Masaki Ueno
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (Y.C.); (R.M.); (K.M.); (K.W.)
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22
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Walton CC, Begelman D, Nguyen W, Andersen JK. Senescence as an Amyloid Cascade: The Amyloid Senescence Hypothesis. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:129. [PMID: 32508595 PMCID: PMC7248249 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their postmitotic status, the potential for neurons to undergo senescence has historically received little attention. This lack of attention has extended to some non-postmitotic cells as well. Recently, the study of senescence within the central nervous system (CNS) has begun to emerge as a new etiological framework for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). The presence of senescent cells is known to be deleterious to non-senescent neighboring cells via development of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) which includes the release of inflammatory, oxidative, mitogenic, and matrix-degrading factors. Senescence and the SASP have recently been hailed as an alternative to the amyloid cascade hypothesis and the selective killing of senescence cells by senolytic drugs as a substitute for amyloid beta (Aß) targeting antibodies. Here we call for caution in rejecting the amyloid cascade hypothesis and to the dismissal of Aß antibody intervention at least in early disease stages, as Aß oligomers (AßO), and cellular senescence may be inextricably linked. We will review literature that portrays AßO as a stressor capable of inducing senescence. We will discuss research on the potential role of secondary senescence, a process by which senescent cells induce senescence in neighboring cells, in disease progression. Once this seed of senescent cells is present, the elimination of senescence-inducing stressors like Aß would likely be ineffective in abrogating the spread of senescence. This has potential implications for when and why AßO clearance may or may not be effective as a therapeutic for AD. The selective killing of senescent cells by the immune system via immune surveillance naturally curtails the SASP and secondary senescence outside the CNS. Immune privilege restricts the access of peripheral immune cells to the brain parenchyma, making the brain a safe harbor for the spread of senescence and the SASP. However, an increasingly leaky blood brain barrier (BBB) compromises immune privilege in aging AD patients, potentially enabling immune infiltration that could have detrimental consequences in later AD stages. Rather than an alternative etiology, senescence itself may constitute an essential component of the cascade in the amyloid cascade hypothesis.
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23
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Gorlé N, Vandenbroucke RE. Interferons: A molecular switch between damage and repair in ageing and Alzheimer's disease. Mech Ageing Dev 2019; 183:111148. [PMID: 31541624 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2019.111148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease was first described over 100 years ago, yet it remains incurable and affects 44 million people worldwide. Traditionally, research has largely focused on the amyloid cascade hypothesis, but interest in the importance of inflammation in the progression of the disease has recently been increasing. Interferons, a large family of cytokines that trigger the immune system, are believed to play a crucial role in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. This review focuses on how interferons affect the brain during ageing and whether they could be candidate therapeutic targets for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gorlé
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - R E Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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24
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Steeland S, Gorlé N, Vandendriessche C, Balusu S, Brkic M, Van Cauwenberghe C, Van Imschoot G, Van Wonterghem E, De Rycke R, Kremer A, Lippens S, Stopa E, Johanson CE, Libert C, Vandenbroucke RE. Counteracting the effects of TNF receptor-1 has therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's disease. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 10:emmm.201708300. [PMID: 29472246 PMCID: PMC5887909 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, and neuroinflammation is an important hallmark of the pathogenesis. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) might be detrimental in AD, though the results coming from clinical trials on anti‐TNF inhibitors are inconclusive. TNFR1, one of the TNF signaling receptors, contributes to the pathogenesis of AD by mediating neuronal cell death. The blood–cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier consists of a monolayer of choroid plexus epithelial (CPE) cells, and AD is associated with changes in CPE cell morphology. Here, we report that TNF is the main inflammatory upstream mediator in choroid plexus tissue in AD patients. This was confirmed in two murine AD models: transgenic APP/PS1 mice and intracerebroventricular (icv) AβO injection. TNFR1 contributes to the morphological damage of CPE cells in AD, and TNFR1 abrogation reduces brain inflammation and prevents blood–CSF barrier impairment. In APP/PS1 transgenic mice, TNFR1 deficiency ameliorated amyloidosis. Ultimately, genetic and pharmacological blockage of TNFR1 rescued from the induced cognitive impairments. Our data indicate that TNFR1 is a promising therapeutic target for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Steeland
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nina Gorlé
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charysse Vandendriessche
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sriram Balusu
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marjana Brkic
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Caroline Van Cauwenberghe
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Griet Van Imschoot
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elien Van Wonterghem
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Riet De Rycke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anneke Kremer
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB BioImaging Core, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Saskia Lippens
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB BioImaging Core, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Edward Stopa
- Department of Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Conrad E Johanson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Claude Libert
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium .,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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25
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Abstract
Treatment of certain central nervous system disorders, including different types of cerebral malignancies, is limited by traditional oral or systemic administrations of therapeutic drugs due to possible serious side effects and/or lack of the brain penetration and, therefore, the efficacy of the drugs is diminished. During the last decade, several new technologies were developed to overcome barrier properties of cerebral capillaries. This review gives a short overview of the structural elements and anatomical features of the blood–brain barrier. The various in vitro (static and dynamic), in vivo (microdialysis), and in situ (brain perfusion) blood–brain barrier models are also presented. The drug formulations and administration options to deliver molecules effectively to the central nervous system (CNS) are presented. Nanocarriers, nanoparticles (lipid, polymeric, magnetic, gold, and carbon based nanoparticles, dendrimers, etc.), viral and peptid vectors and shuttles, sonoporation and microbubbles are briefly shown. The modulation of receptors and efflux transporters in the cell membrane can also be an effective approach to enhance brain exposure to therapeutic compounds. Intranasal administration is a noninvasive delivery route to bypass the blood–brain barrier, while direct brain administration is an invasive mode to target the brain region with therapeutic drug concentrations locally. Nowadays, both technological and mechanistic tools are available to assist in overcoming the blood–brain barrier. With these techniques more effective and even safer drugs can be developed for the treatment of devastating brain disorders.
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26
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microRNA diagnostic panel for Alzheimer's disease and epigenetic trade-off between neurodegeneration and cancer. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 49:125-143. [PMID: 30391753 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) have been extensively studied as potential biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Their profiles have been analyzed in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain tissue. However, due to the high variability between the reported data, stemming from the lack of methodological standardization and the heterogeneity of AD, the most promising miRNA biomarker candidates have not been selected. Our literature review shows that out of 137 miRNAs found to be altered in AD blood, 36 have been replicated in at least one independent study, and out of 166 miRNAs reported as differential in AD CSF, 13 have been repeatedly found. Only 3 miRNAs have been consistently reported as altered in three analyzed specimens: blood, CSF and the brain (hsa-miR-146a, hsa-miR-125b, hsa-miR-135a). Nonetheless, all 36 repeatedly differential miRNAs in AD blood are promising as components of the diagnostic panel. Given their predicted functions, such miRNA panel may report multiple pathways contributing to AD pathology, enabling the design of personalized therapies. In addition, the analysis revealed that the miRNAs dysregulated in AD overlap highly with miRNAs implicated in cancer. However, the directions of the miRNA changes are usually opposite in cancer and AD, indicative of an epigenetic trade-off between the two diseases.
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27
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Ni P, Dong H, Wang Y, Zhou Q, Xu M, Qian Y, Sun J. IL-17A contributes to perioperative neurocognitive disorders through blood-brain barrier disruption in aged mice. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:332. [PMID: 30501622 PMCID: PMC6267879 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1374-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) occur frequently after surgery, especially in aged patients. Surgery-induced neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PND. Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) increases after surgical stress and will be involved in BBB dysfunction. However, the effect of IL-17A on BBB function during PND remains poorly understood. METHODS Male wild-type C57BL/6J mice (15 months old) received tibial fracture surgery and fixation to establish the PND model. All the mice were injected intraperitoneally with an IL-17A-neutralizing antibody (Abs) or isotype-control Abs 30 min before tibial fracture surgery. Animal behaviour tests conducted 24 h after surgery included the contextual fear conditioning and Y maze tests. Serum and hippocampus IL-17A levels and hippocampus IL-6 and IL-1β levels were detected by ELISA. BBB function was detected by Evans blue (EB) test. Hippocampus matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2)- and MMP-9-positive cells were detected by immunohistochemistry. Hippocampus albumin, occludin, claudin-5 and IL-17A receptors were detected by Western blot. For the in vitro experiment, bEnd.3 cells were incubated with IL-17A. Cell IL-17A receptors were detected by immunofluorescence. Cellular MMP-2, MMP-9, occludin, and claudin-5 were detected by Western blot. RESULTS Tibial fracture surgery promoted memory impairment, increased levels of IL-17A and IL-17A receptors, inflammatory factor production and BBB dysfunction. IL-17A Abs inhibited this effect, including improving memory function, decreasing inflammatory factor production and alleviating BBB disruption, indicated by decreased tight junctions (TJs) and increased MMPs after surgery. The in vitro study suggested that recombinant IL-17A could upregulate the expression of IL-17A receptors, decrease TJs and increase the level of MMPs in bEnd.3 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that IL-17A-promoted BBB disruption might play an important role in the pathogenesis of PND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongquan Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanning Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Li G, He X, Li H, Wu Y, Guan Y, Liu S, Jia H, Li Y, Wang L, Huang R, Pei Z, Lan Y, Zhang Y. Overexpression of Slit2 improves function of the paravascular pathway in the aging mouse brain. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:1935-1944. [PMID: 30085336 PMCID: PMC6108881 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with impairment of the paravascular pathway caused by the activation of astrocytes and depolarization of protein aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channels, resulting in the accumulation of protein waste, including amyloid β (Aβ), in the brain parenchyma. The secreted glycoprotein slit guidance ligand 2 (Slit2) is important in regulating the function of the central nervous system and inflammatory response process. In the present study, 15-month-old Slit2 overexpression transgenic mice (Slit2-Tg mice) and two-photon fluorescence microscopy were used to evaluate the dynamic clearance of the paravascular pathway and the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The reactivity of astrocytes, polarity of AQP4 and deposition of Aβ in the brain parenchyma were analyzed by immunofluorescence. A Morris water maze test was used to examine the effect of Slit2 on spatial memory cognition in aging mice. It was found that the overexpression of Slit2 improved the clearance of the paravascular pathway by inhibiting astrocyte activation and maintaining AQP4 polarity on the astrocytic endfeet in Slit2-Tg mice. In addition, Slit2 restored the disruption of the BBB caused by aging. The accumulation of Aβ was significantly reduced in the brain of Slit2-Tg mice. Furthermore, the water maze experiment showed that Slit2 improved spatial memory cognition in the aging mice. These results indicated that Slit2 may have the potential to be used in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510663, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei He
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Hang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510663, P.R. China
| | - Yu'e Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510663, P.R. China
| | - Yalun Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510663, P.R. China
| | - Shuhua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510663, P.R. China
| | - Huanhuan Jia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510663, P.R. China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510663, P.R. China
| | - Lijing Wang
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Basic Course, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Ren Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510663, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Pei
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yue Lan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510663, P.R. China
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29
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Stephenson J, Nutma E, van der Valk P, Amor S. Inflammation in CNS neurodegenerative diseases. Immunology 2018; 154:204-219. [PMID: 29513402 PMCID: PMC5980185 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 590] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, the leading cause of morbidity and disability, are gaining increased attention as they impose a considerable socioeconomic impact, due in part to the ageing community. Neuronal damage is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, spinocerebellar ataxia and multiple sclerosis, although such damage is also observed following neurotropic viral infections, stroke, genetic white matter diseases and paraneoplastic disorders. Despite the different aetiologies, for example, infections, genetic mutations, trauma and protein aggregations, neuronal damage is frequently associated with chronic activation of an innate immune response in the CNS. The growing awareness that the immune system is inextricably involved in shaping the brain during development as well as mediating damage, but also regeneration and repair, has stimulated therapeutic approaches to modulate the immune system in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review the current understanding of how astrocytes and microglia, as well as neurons and oligodendrocytes, shape the neuroimmune response during development, and how aberrant responses that arise due to genetic or environmental triggers may predispose the CNS to neurodegenerative diseases. We discuss the known interactions between the peripheral immune system and the brain, and review the current concepts on how immune cells enter and leave the CNS. A better understanding of neuroimmune interactions during development and disease will be key to further manipulating these responses and the development of effective therapies to improve quality of life, and reduce the impact of neuroinflammatory and degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie Stephenson
- Centre for Neuroscience and TraumaBarts and the Blizard Institute, LondonSchool of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
- Department of PathologyVU University Medical CentreAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Erik Nutma
- Department of PathologyVU University Medical CentreAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Paul van der Valk
- Department of PathologyVU University Medical CentreAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Sandra Amor
- Centre for Neuroscience and TraumaBarts and the Blizard Institute, LondonSchool of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
- Department of PathologyVU University Medical CentreAmsterdamthe Netherlands
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30
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Stopa EG, Tanis KQ, Miller MC, Nikonova EV, Podtelezhnikov AA, Finney EM, Stone DJ, Camargo LM, Parker L, Verma A, Baird A, Donahue JE, Torabi T, Eliceiri BP, Silverberg GD, Johanson CE. Comparative transcriptomics of choroid plexus in Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia and Huntington's disease: implications for CSF homeostasis. Fluids Barriers CNS 2018; 15:18. [PMID: 29848382 PMCID: PMC5977762 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-018-0102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Alzheimer's disease, there are striking changes in CSF composition that relate to altered choroid plexus (CP) function. Studying CP tissue gene expression at the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier could provide further insight into the epithelial and stromal responses to neurodegenerative disease states. METHODS Transcriptome-wide Affymetrix microarrays were used to determine disease-related changes in gene expression in human CP. RNA from post-mortem samples of the entire lateral ventricular choroid plexus was extracted from 6 healthy controls (Ctrl), 7 patients with advanced (Braak and Braak stage III-VI) Alzheimer's disease (AD), 4 with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and 3 with Huntington's disease (HuD). Statistics and agglomerative clustering were accomplished with MathWorks, MatLab; and gene set annotations by comparing input sets to GeneGo ( http://www.genego.com ) and Ingenuity ( http://www.ingenuity.com ) pathway sets. Bonferroni-corrected hypergeometric p-values of < 0.1 were considered a significant overlap between sets. RESULTS Pronounced differences in gene expression occurred in CP of advanced AD patients vs. Ctrls. Metabolic and immune-related pathways including acute phase response, cytokine, cell adhesion, interferons, and JAK-STAT as well as mTOR were significantly enriched among the genes upregulated. Methionine degradation, claudin-5 and protein translation genes were downregulated. Many gene expression changes in AD patients were observed in FTD and HuD (e.g., claudin-5, tight junction downregulation), but there were significant differences between the disease groups. In AD and HuD (but not FTD), several neuroimmune-modulating interferons were significantly enriched (e.g., in AD: IFI-TM1, IFN-AR1, IFN-AR2, and IFN-GR2). AD-associated expression changes, but not those in HuD and FTD, were enriched for upregulation of VEGF signaling and immune response proteins, e.g., interleukins. HuD and FTD patients distinctively displayed upregulated cadherin-mediated adhesion. CONCLUSIONS Our transcript data for human CP tissue provides genomic and mechanistic insight for differential expression in AD vs. FTD vs. HuD for stromal as well as epithelial components. These choroidal transcriptome characterizations elucidate immune activation, tissue functional resiliency, and CSF metabolic homeostasis. The BCSFB undergoes harmful, but also important functional and adaptive changes in neurodegenerative diseases; accordingly, the enriched JAK-STAT and mTOR pathways, respectively, likely help the CP in adaptive transcription and epithelial repair and/or replacement when harmed by neurodegeneration pathophysiology. We anticipate that these precise CP translational data will facilitate pharmacologic/transgenic therapies to alleviate dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward G. Stopa
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Pathology (Neuropathology Division), Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI USA
| | - Keith Q. Tanis
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA USA
| | - Miles C. Miller
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Pathology (Neuropathology Division), Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI USA
| | - Elena V. Nikonova
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA USA
| | | | - Eva M. Finney
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA USA
| | - David J. Stone
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA USA
| | - Luiz M. Camargo
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA USA
| | - Lisan Parker
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA USA
| | | | - Andrew Baird
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego Medical Center, Hillcrest, 212 Dickinson Street, San Diego, CA USA
| | - John E. Donahue
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Pathology (Neuropathology Division), Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI USA
| | - Tara Torabi
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Pathology (Neuropathology Division), Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI USA
| | - Brian P. Eliceiri
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego Medical Center, Hillcrest, 212 Dickinson Street, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Gerald D. Silverberg
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Pathology (Neuropathology Division), Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI USA
| | - Conrad E. Johanson
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Pathology (Neuropathology Division), Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI USA
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Chan Y, Chen W, Wan W, Chen Y, Li Y, Zhang C. Aβ 1-42 oligomer induces alteration of tight junction scaffold proteins via RAGE-mediated autophagy in bEnd.3 cells. Exp Cell Res 2018; 369:266-274. [PMID: 29856989 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Compelling evidences have shown that amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide is one of the major pathogenic factors resulting in blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanism underlying BBB breakdown remains elusive. In our present study, we employed murine brain capillary endothelial cells (bEnd.3) as an in vitro BBB model to investigate the role of autophagy in Aβ1-42 oligo induced BBB disruption. We first identified Aβ1-42 oligo cytotoxicity to bEnd.3 cells as observed in the reduced cell viability and downregulation of ZO-1, Occludin and Claudin-5. Based on the observation that both downregulated expression of p-mTOR/m-TOR and upregulated ratio of LC3-II/β-actin were induced by Aβ1-42 oligo, we then applied 3-MA, an inhibitor of autophagy, to test the role of autophagy in Aβ1-42 oligo induced Tight junction (TJ) proteins damage. Results have shown that 3-MA partially reversed Aβ1-42 oligo induced downregulation of ZO-1, Occludin and Claudin-5, which was further determined by LC3 siRNA. We also used rapamycin to activate autophagy and found that TJ proteins damage induced by Aβ1-42 was deteriorated even further. Given that the receptor of advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is a pivotal receptor that mediates Aβ toxicity, RAGE siRNA was utilized to identify the involvement of RAGE in Aβ1-42 oligo induced autophagy. The results demonstrated a suppressed autophagy with increased p-mTOR/m-TOR and decreased LC3-II/β-actin as well as increased ZO-1, Occludin and Claudin-5 in transfected cells after Aβ1-42 oligo treatment, as compared to the non-transfected group. In summary, these results suggested that Aβ1-42 oligo induced TJ proteins disruption via a RAGE-dependent autophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjin Chan
- Geriatrics Department of Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- Geriatrics Department of Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wenbin Wan
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yanjie Chen
- Geriatrics Department of Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yaming Li
- Geriatrics Department of Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 310000, China.
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Mugge L, Mansour TR, Krafcik B, Mazur T, Floyd-Bradstock T, Medhkour A. Immunological, vascular, metabolic, and autonomic changes seen with aging possible implications for poor outcomes in the elderly following decompressive hemicraniectomy for malignant MCA stroke: a critical review. J Neurosurg Sci 2018. [PMID: 29527887 DOI: 10.23736/s0390-5616.18.04207-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide and requires rapid and intensive treatment to prevent adverse outcomes. Decompressive hemicraniectomy stands as the gold standard for surgical resolution of the intracranial swelling which accompanies cerebral infarction; however, the benefits of this procedure are not as well achieved in the elderly (age >65 years) compared to the younger population. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION This is a critical review performed on all available literature relating to middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke in the elderly with emphasis on articles examining causality of adverse outcomes in this group over younger populations. Utilizing PRISMA guidelines, we initially identified 1462 articles. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS After screening, four clear areas of physiological change associated with aging were identified and expounded upon as they relate to MCA stroke. These four areas include: immunological, autonomic, mitochondrial, and vascular changes. Elderly patients have a decreased and declining capacity to regulate the inflammation that develops postinfarction and this contributes to adverse outcomes from a neurological stand point. Additionally, aging decreases the ability of elderly patients to regulate their autonomic system resulting in aberrant blood pressures systemically post infarction. With age, the mitochondrial response to ischemia is exaggerated and causes greater local damage in elderly patients compared to younger populations. Finally, there are numerous vascular changes that occur with age including accumulation of homocysteine and atherosclerosis which together contributed to decreased structural integrity of the vasculature in the elderly and render decreased support to the recovery process post infarction. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that physiological changes inherent in the aging process serve to intensify adverse outcomes that are commonly associated with strokes in the elderly. Identification and subsequent minimization of these risk factors could allow for more effective management of elderly patients, post stroke, and promote better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Mugge
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Tarek R Mansour
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Brianna Krafcik
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Travis Mazur
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Tonya Floyd-Bradstock
- Interprofessional Immersive Simulation Center, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Azedine Medhkour
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA -
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Gorlé N, Blaecher C, Bauwens E, Vandendriessche C, Balusu S, Vandewalle J, Van Cauwenberghe C, Van Wonterghem E, Van Imschoot G, Liu C, Ducatelle R, Libert C, Haesebrouck F, Smet A, Vandenbroucke RE. The choroid plexus epithelium as a novel player in the stomach-brain axis during Helicobacter infection. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 69:35-47. [PMID: 29258921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies suggest a link between shifts in gut microbiota and neurological disorders. Recently, we reported a high prevalence of Helicobacter suis (H. suis) in patients with Parkinson's disease. Here, we evaluated the effect of gastric H. suis infection on the brain in mice. One month of infection with H. suis resulted in increased brain inflammation, reflected in activation of microglia and cognitive decline. Additionally, we detected choroid plexus inflammation and disruption of the epithelial blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier upon H. suis infection, while the endothelial blood-brain barrier (BBB) remained functional. These changes were accompanied by leakage of the gastrointestinal barrier and low-grade systemic inflammation, suggesting that H. suis-evoked gastrointestinal permeability and subsequent peripheral inflammation induces changes in brain homeostasis via changes in blood-CSF barrier integrity. In conclusion, this study shows for the first time that H. suis infection induces inflammation in the brain associated with cognitive decline and that the choroid plexus is a novel player in the stomach-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gorlé
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - C Blaecher
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - E Bauwens
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - C Vandendriessche
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - S Balusu
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - J Vandewalle
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - C Van Cauwenberghe
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - E Van Wonterghem
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - G Van Imschoot
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - C Liu
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - R Ducatelle
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - C Libert
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - F Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - A Smet
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - R E Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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A Hidden Epithelial Barrier in the Brain with a Central Role in Regulating Brain Homeostasis. Implications for Aging. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2017; 13 Suppl 5:S407-S410. [PMID: 28005425 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201609-676aw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite increasing interest the last years, the choroid plexus still is a relatively understudied tissue in neuroscience. The choroid plexus contains fenestrated capillaries surrounded by tightly connected choroid plexus epithelial cells that form the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. The choroid plexus is the main source of cerebrospinal fluid production, assures removal of toxic waste products, and acts as gatekeeper of the brain by the presence of resident inflammatory cells. Increasing evidence shows that choroid plexus' dysfunction, via altered secretory, transport, immune, and barrier function, plays a central role in a very diverse set of clinical conditions such as aging and the age-associated Alzheimer's disease. Indeed, age-related changes may weaken the barrier formed by the choroid plexus epithelial cells and/or impair the choroid plexus' ability to generate cerebrospinal fluid and to produce beneficial factors. Consequently, advanced knowledge of the choroid plexus-cerebrospinal fluid system in aging is essential to better understand age-associated neurological diseases and might open up new therapeutic strategies.
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Jiang X, Andjelkovic AV, Zhu L, Yang T, Bennett MVL, Chen J, Keep RF, Shi Y. Blood-brain barrier dysfunction and recovery after ischemic stroke. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 163-164:144-171. [PMID: 28987927 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 545] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a vital role in regulating the trafficking of fluid, solutes and cells at the blood-brain interface and maintaining the homeostatic microenvironment of the CNS. Under pathological conditions, such as ischemic stroke, the BBB can be disrupted, followed by the extravasation of blood components into the brain and compromise of normal neuronal function. This article reviews recent advances in our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying BBB dysfunction and recovery after ischemic stroke. CNS cells in the neurovascular unit, as well as blood-borne peripheral cells constantly modulate the BBB and influence its breakdown and repair after ischemic stroke. The involvement of stroke risk factors and comorbid conditions further complicate the pathogenesis of neurovascular injury by predisposing the BBB to anatomical and functional changes that can exacerbate BBB dysfunction. Emphasis is also given to the process of long-term structural and functional restoration of the BBB after ischemic injury. With the development of novel research tools, future research on the BBB is likely to reveal promising potential therapeutic targets for protecting the BBB and improving patient outcome after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Jiang
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | | | - Ling Zhu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Tuo Yang
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Michael V L Bennett
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Richard F Keep
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Yejie Shi
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Riley JL, Cruz-Almeida Y, Dasilva Ribeiro MC, Simon CB, Eckert NR, Aguirre M, Sorenson HL, Tighe PJ, Edwards RR, Wallet SM. Age Differences in the Time Course and Magnitude of Changes in Circulating Neuropeptides After Pain Evocation in Humans. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2017; 18:1078-1086. [PMID: 28461253 PMCID: PMC5581306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that older adults would have a stronger response for substance P (facilitatory) but weaker response to β-endorphin (inhibitory), in magnitude as well as time course. Eight younger and 9 older adults underwent 3 experimental sessions using well validated laboratory pain models: cold pressor task, contact heat pain, and a nonpainful control. Blood was collected through an indwelling catheter at baseline and 3, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes after stimuli administration. Older adults had higher baseline levels of both neuropeptides suggesting increased peripheral activity compared with younger adults. After the cold pressor task, older adults demonstrated a quick and strong release of substance P with dramatic recovery, whereas young adults maintained a constant low-grade response. Unlike substance P, β-endorphin increased between 3 and 15 minutes for both groups with the upsurge substantially higher for older adults. After heat pain, younger adults had an immediate surge in circulating substance P and β-endorphin that was more pronounced than among older adults. However, levels of substance P for younger adults slowly tapered whereas they continued to climb for the older adults through 30 minutes. β-endorphin peaked at 30 minutes for both groups and returned to baseline. No changes were observed during the nonpainful control session. PERSPECTIVE Older adults had higher baseline levels of substance P and β-endorphin suggesting increased peripheral activity compared with younger adults. After pain evocation, older adults demonstrated a more intense early response for both neuropeptides suggesting peripheral mechanisms involved in the response to pain may change with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Riley
- Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
| | - Yenisel Cruz-Almeida
- Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Institute of Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Margarete C Dasilva Ribeiro
- Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Corey B Simon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Nathan R Eckert
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Maria Aguirre
- Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Heather L Sorenson
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Patrick J Tighe
- Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Robert R Edwards
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
| | - Shannon M Wallet
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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37
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With mouse age comes wisdom: A review and suggestions of relevant mouse models for age-related conditions. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 160:54-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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38
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Hoyer C, Eisele P, Ebert A, Schneider S, Gass A, Fatar M, Szabo K, Alonso A. Blood-CSF-barrier dysfunction is a marker for encephalitic involvement in patients with aseptic meningitis/meningoencephalitis. J Clin Virol 2016; 84:82-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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39
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Montgomery RR. Age-related alterations in immune responses to West Nile virus infection. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 187:26-34. [PMID: 27612657 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is the most important causative agent of viral encephalitis worldwide and an important public health concern in the United States due to its high prevalence, severe disease, and the absence of effective treatments. Infection with WNV is mainly asymptomatic, but some individuals develop severe, possibly fatal, neurological disease. Individual host factors play a role in susceptibility to WNV infection, including genetic polymorphisms in key anti-viral immune genes, but age is the most well-defined risk factor for susceptibility to severe disease. Ageing is associated with distinct changes in immune cells and a decline in immune function leading to increased susceptibility to infection and reduced responses to vaccination. WNV is detected by pathogen recognition receptors including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which show reduced expression and function in ageing. Neutrophils, monocyte/macrophages and dendritic cells, which first recognize and respond to infection, show age-related impairment of many functions relevant to anti-viral responses. Natural killer cells control many viral infections and show age-related changes in phenotype and functional responses. A role for the regulatory receptors Mertk and Axl in blood-brain barrier permeability and in facilitating viral uptake through phospholipid binding may be relevant for susceptibility to WNV, and age-related up-regulation of Axl has been noted previously in human dendritic cells. Understanding the specific immune parameters and mechanisms that influence susceptibility to symptomatic WNV may lead to a better understanding of increased susceptibility in elderly individuals and identify potential avenues for therapeutic approaches: an especially relevant goal, as the world's populating is ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Montgomery
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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40
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Balusu S, Van Wonterghem E, De Rycke R, Raemdonck K, Stremersch S, Gevaert K, Brkic M, Demeestere D, Vanhooren V, Hendrix A, Libert C, Vandenbroucke RE. Identification of a novel mechanism of blood-brain communication during peripheral inflammation via choroid plexus-derived extracellular vesicles. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:1162-1183. [PMID: 27596437 PMCID: PMC5048366 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we identified release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) by the choroid plexus epithelium (CPE) as a new mechanism of blood–brain communication. Systemic inflammation induced an increase in EVs and associated pro‐inflammatory miRNAs, including miR‐146a and miR‐155, in the CSF. Interestingly, this was associated with an increase in amount of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and exosomes per MVB in the CPE cells. Additionally, we could mimic this using LPS‐stimulated primary CPE cells and choroid plexus explants. These choroid plexus‐derived EVs can enter the brain parenchyma and are taken up by astrocytes and microglia, inducing miRNA target repression and inflammatory gene up‐regulation. Interestingly, this could be blocked in vivo by intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of an inhibitor of exosome production. Our data show that CPE cells sense and transmit information about the peripheral inflammatory status to the central nervous system (CNS) via the release of EVs into the CSF, which transfer this pro‐inflammatory message to recipient brain cells. Additionally, we revealed that blockage of EV secretion decreases brain inflammation, which opens up new avenues to treat systemic inflammatory diseases such as sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Balusu
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elien Van Wonterghem
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Riet De Rycke
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Raemdonck
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stephan Stremersch
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marjana Brkic
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Delphine Demeestere
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Valerie Vanhooren
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Hendrix
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claude Libert
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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McArthur S, Loiola RA, Maggioli E, Errede M, Virgintino D, Solito E. The restorative role of annexin A1 at the blood-brain barrier. Fluids Barriers CNS 2016; 13:17. [PMID: 27655189 PMCID: PMC5031267 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-016-0043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexin A1 is a potent anti-inflammatory molecule that has been extensively studied in the peripheral immune system, but has not as yet been exploited as a therapeutic target/agent. In the last decade, we have undertaken the study of this molecule in the central nervous system (CNS), focusing particularly on the primary interface between the peripheral body and CNS: the blood-brain barrier. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of this molecule in the brain, with a particular emphasis on its functions in the endothelium of the blood-brain barrier, and the protective actions the molecule may exert in neuroinflammatory, neurovascular and metabolic disease. We focus on the possible new therapeutic avenues opened up by an increased understanding of the role of annexin A1 in the CNS vasculature, and its potential for repairing blood-brain barrier damage in disease and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon McArthur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Rodrigo Azevedo Loiola
- William Harvey Research Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London, UK
| | - Elisa Maggioli
- William Harvey Research Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London, UK
| | - Mariella Errede
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Bari University School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Virgintino
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Bari University School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Egle Solito
- William Harvey Research Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London, UK
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42
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Caloric restriction: beneficial effects on brain aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Mamm Genome 2016; 27:300-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s00335-016-9647-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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