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Nakajima Y, Kitayama A, Ohta Y, Motooka N, Kuno-Mizumura M, Miyachi M, Tanaka S, Ishikawa-Takata K, Tripette J. Objective Assessment of Physical Activity at Home Using a Novel Floor-Vibration Monitoring System: Validation and Comparison With Wearable Activity Trackers and Indirect Calorimetry Measurements. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e51874. [PMID: 38662415 PMCID: PMC11082727 DOI: 10.2196/51874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The self-monitoring of physical activity is an effective strategy for promoting active lifestyles. However, accurately assessing physical activity remains challenging in certain situations. This study evaluates a novel floor-vibration monitoring system to quantify housework-related physical activity. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the validity of step-count and physical behavior intensity predictions of a novel floor-vibration monitoring system in comparison with the actual number of steps and indirect calorimetry measurements. The accuracy of the predictions is also compared with that of research-grade devices (ActiGraph GT9X). METHODS The Ocha-House, located in Tokyo, serves as an independent experimental facility equipped with high-sensitivity accelerometers installed on the floor to monitor vibrations. Dedicated data processing software was developed to analyze floor-vibration signals and calculate 3 quantitative indices: floor-vibration quantity, step count, and moving distance. In total, 10 participants performed 4 different housework-related activities, wearing ActiGraph GT9X monitors on both the waist and wrist for 6 minutes each. Concurrently, floor-vibration data were collected, and the energy expenditure was measured using the Douglas bag method to determine the actual intensity of activities. RESULTS Significant correlations (P<.001) were found between the quantity of floor vibrations, the estimated step count, the estimated moving distance, and the actual activity intensities. The step-count parameter extracted from the floor-vibration signal emerged as the most robust predictor (r2=0.82; P<.001). Multiple regression models incorporating several floor-vibration-extracted parameters showed a strong association with actual activity intensities (r2=0.88; P<.001). Both the step-count and intensity predictions made by the floor-vibration monitoring system exhibited greater accuracy than those of the ActiGraph monitor. CONCLUSIONS Floor-vibration monitoring systems seem able to produce valid quantitative assessments of physical activity for selected housework-related activities. In the future, connected smart home systems that integrate this type of technology could be used to perform continuous and accurate evaluations of physical behaviors throughout the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakajima
- Department of Human-Environmental Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Asami Kitayama
- Department of Human-Environmental Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Ohta
- Department of Human-Environmental Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Motooka
- Department of Human-Environmental Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo, Japan
| | | | - Motohiko Miyachi
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Settsu, Japan
| | - Shigeho Tanaka
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Settsu, Japan
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, Sakado, Japan
| | - Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Settsu, Japan
- Faculty of Applied Biosciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Japan
| | - Julien Tripette
- Department of Human-Environmental Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo, Japan
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Settsu, Japan
- Center for Interdisciplinary AI and Data Science, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo, Japan
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Notley SR, Mitchell D, Taylor NAS. A century of exercise physiology: concepts that ignited the study of human thermoregulation. Part 2: physiological measurements. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:2587-2685. [PMID: 37796291 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05284-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
In this, the second of four historical reviews on human thermoregulation during exercise, we examine the research techniques developed by our forebears. We emphasise calorimetry and thermometry, and measurements of vasomotor and sudomotor function. Since its first human use (1899), direct calorimetry has provided the foundation for modern respirometric methods for quantifying metabolic rate, and remains the most precise index of whole-body heat exchange and storage. Its alternative, biophysical modelling, relies upon many, often dubious assumptions. Thermometry, used for >300 y to assess deep-body temperatures, provides only an instantaneous snapshot of the thermal status of tissues in contact with any thermometer. Seemingly unbeknownst to some, thermal time delays at some surrogate sites preclude valid measurements during non-steady state conditions. To assess cutaneous blood flow, immersion plethysmography was introduced (1875), followed by strain-gauge plethysmography (1949) and then laser-Doppler velocimetry (1964). Those techniques allow only local flow measurements, which may not reflect whole-body blood flows. Sudomotor function has been estimated from body-mass losses since the 1600s, but using mass losses to assess evaporation rates requires precise measures of non-evaporated sweat, which are rarely obtained. Hygrometric methods provide data for local sweat rates, but not local evaporation rates, and most local sweat rates cannot be extrapolated to reflect whole-body sweating. The objective of these methodological overviews and critiques is to provide a deeper understanding of how modern measurement techniques were developed, their underlying assumptions, and the strengths and weaknesses of the measurements used for humans exercising and working in thermally challenging conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean R Notley
- Defence Science and Technology Group, Department of Defence, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Duncan Mitchell
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Nigel A S Taylor
- College of Human Ecology, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Chen Y, Chan S, Bennett D, Chen X, Wu X, Ke Y, Lv J, Sun D, Pan L, Pei P, Yang L, Chen Y, Chen J, Chen Z, Li L, Du H, Yu C, Doherty A. Device-measured movement behaviours in over 20,000 China Kadoorie Biobank participants. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:138. [PMID: 38001522 PMCID: PMC10668372 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01537-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Movement behaviours, including physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep have been shown to be associated with several chronic diseases. However, they have not been objectively measured in large-scale prospective cohort studies in low-and middle-income countries. We aim to describe the patterns of device-measured movement behaviours collected in the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) study. METHODS During 2020 and 2021, a random subset of 25,087 surviving CKB individuals participated in the 3rd resurvey of the CKB. Among them, 22,511 (89.7%) agreed to wear an Axivity AX3 wrist-worn triaxial accelerometer for seven consecutive days to assess their habitual movement behaviours. We developed a machine-learning model to infer time spent in four movement behaviours [i.e. sleep, sedentary behaviour, light intensity physical activity (LIPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA)]. Descriptive analyses were performed for wear-time compliance and patterns of movement behaviours by different participant characteristics. RESULTS Data from 21,897 participants (aged 65.4 ± 9.1 years; 35.4% men) were received for demographic and wear-time analysis, with a median wear-time of 6.9 days (IQR: 6.1-7.0). Among them, 20,370 eligible participants were included in movement behavior analyses. On average, they had 31.1 mg/day (total acceleration) overall activity level, accumulated 7.7 h/day (32.3%) of sleep time, 8.8 h/day (36.6%) sedentary, 5.7 h/day (23.9%) in light physical activity, and 104.4 min/day (7.2%) in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. There was an inverse relationship between age and overall acceleration with an observed decline of 5.4 mg/day (17.4%) per additional decade. Women showed a higher activity level than men (32.3 vs 28.8 mg/day) and there was a marked geographical disparity in the overall activity level and time allocation. CONCLUSIONS This is the first large-scale accelerometer data collected among Chinese adults, which provides rich and comprehensive information about device-measured movement behaviour patterns. This resource will enhance our knowledge about the potential relevance of different movement behaviours for chronic disease in Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shing Chan
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Derrick Bennett
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- National Institute of Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Xiaofang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianping Wu
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yalei Ke
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Dianjianyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lang Pan
- Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Pei
- Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yiping Chen
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Junshi Chen
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huaidong Du
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
| | - Aiden Doherty
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Cupka M, Sedliak M. Hungry runners - low energy availability in male endurance athletes and its impact on performance and testosterone: mini-review. Eur J Transl Myol 2023. [PMID: 37052052 PMCID: PMC10388605 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2023.11104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Low Energy Availability (LEA) arises from the inability to cover energy needs and requirements of training or normal physiological functions. This value differs from the energy balance, which takes into account the total daily energy intake compared to all the energy expended, regardless of the amount of fat-free mass. Insufficient energy consumption affects recovery, adaptation processes, increases the risk of injury or illness, so all of this can negatively affect performance. This mini-review is written on research articles in Pubmed database related to LEA in endurance-trained men and its impact on performance and testosterone. This article also clarifies the prevalence of LEA in male endurance athletes and its correlation to Relative Energy Deficiency in Sports (RED-S). LEA occurs in male endurance athletes and correlates with decreased testosterone levels, decreased bone density and also Resting Metabolic Rate. In endurance-trained men, there is great potential for the negative consequences of low energy availability. It can also be said that there are possibilities for primary screening, so we recommend regular check-ups of blood markers, body structure and keeping not only training but also dietary records, which can increase awareness of an adequate energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Cupka
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Bratislava.
| | - Milan Sedliak
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Bratislava.
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Liangruenrom N, Dumuid D, Pedisic Z. Physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep in the Thai population: A compositional data analysis including 135,824 participants from two national time-use surveys. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280957. [PMID: 36693050 PMCID: PMC9873167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the amounts of time spent in physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB), and sleep in the Thai population, as well as their sociodemographic correlates and changes over time. METHODS We analysed cross-sectional data collected in a population-representative, stratified random sample of 135,824 Thais aged 10 years and over as part of the two most recent Thai National time-use surveys (2009 and 2015). Daily activities reported by the participants were coded using the International Classification of Activities for Time-Use Statistics (ICATUS) and categorised as PA, SB, or sleep. RESULTS In the latest survey, participants spent on average the largest amount of time sleeping (geometric mean [g] = 9.44 h/day; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.42, 9.47), followed by PA (g = 8.60 h/day; 95% CI: 8.55, 8.64) and SB (g = 5.96 h/day; 95% CI: 5.93, 6.00). The time spent in PA was higher on weekdays, while the amounts of SB and sleep were higher on weekends (p < 0.05). Males, older age groups, and unemployed people spent less time in PA and more time in SB, compared with other population groups (p < 0.05). We found a relatively large increase in SB (mean difference [d] = 39.64 min/day; 95% CI: 36.18, 42.98) and decrease in PA (d = 54.33 min/day; 95% CI: -58.88, -49.30) over time. These findings were consistent across most sociodemographic groups, with the most concerning shifts from active to sedentary lifestyle found among people with a higher education degree and on weekends. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed a shift to a more sedentary lifestyle in the Thai population. Public health interventions should focus on improving time use among males, older age groups, and unemployed people, while preventing the rapid decrease in PA and increase in SB among those with a higher education degree and on weekends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nucharapon Liangruenrom
- Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- * E-mail:
| | - Dorothea Dumuid
- Allied Health & Human Performance, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zeljko Pedisic
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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6
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Liu H, Li Q, Li Y, Wang Y, Huang Y, Bao D, Liu H, Cui Y. Concurrent validity of the combined HRV/ACC sensor and physical activity diary when monitoring physical activity in university students during free-living days. Front Public Health 2022; 10:950074. [PMID: 36159256 PMCID: PMC9496871 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.950074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to determine if the scientific research device combined heart rate variability combined with an acceleration sensor (Firstbeat Bodyguard 2, BG2) was valid and reliable for time spent in different intensity zones in free-living. A total of 55 healthy participants performed 48-h physical activity (PA) monitoring with BG2, ActiGraph GT3X+ (GT3X+), and completed Bouchard Physical Activity Diary (Bouchard) every night. In the available studies, GT3X+ is considered the gold standard scientific research device for PA monitor. We compared BG2 and Bouchard with GT3X+ by difference, correlation, and agreement of PA and energy expenditure (EE) in free-living. The results showed that BG2 estimated PA more accurately than Bouchard, with a modest correlation (r > 0.49), strong agreement (τ > 0.29), and they had the lowest limits of agreement when estimating moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The EE estimated by Bouchard was the highest among the three methods, and the correlation and agreement between the three methods were high. Our findings showed that the BG2 is valid and reliable for estimating time spent in different intensity zones in free-living, especially in MVPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haochong Liu
- Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiting Li
- School of Sport Medicine and Physical Therapy, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yubo Wang
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaling Huang
- Institute of Sports Strategy, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Dapeng Bao
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Dapeng Bao
| | - Haoyang Liu
- Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China,AI Sports Engineering Lab, School of Sports Engineering, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China,Haoyang Liu
| | - Yixiong Cui
- AI Sports Engineering Lab, School of Sports Engineering, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
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Device-worn measures of sedentary time and physical activity in South Asian adults at high risk for type 2 diabetes in Metro-Vancouver, Canada. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266599. [PMID: 35511949 PMCID: PMC9070884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background South Asians have high incidence of chronic disease. Physical activity (PA) and sedentary time are modifiable risk factors for chronic disease but their assessment in South Asians has been primarily based on self-report. This study presents directly-measured PA and sedentary time in South Asian adults in Canada. Methods A subset of 100 South Asian participants from a larger study who were identified at being at a higher risk for type 2 diabetes wore Actical accelerometers for 7 days. Anthropometric measures were taken and socio-demographic factors including age, income, education level, years since immigration, presence of children under the age of 12 years in the household and employment status were self-reported. Results Ninety-one participants (mean age 65.6 years) provided valid accelerometer data. Participants accumulated mean 673.5 (95% CI: 656.6, 691.0) min/day sedentary time, 130.5 (95% CI: 117.3, 145.3) min/day light PA (LPA) and 2.3 (95% CI: 1.3, 4.2) min/day moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). For sedentary time and LPA, sex and BMI explained 51% of variability. For MVPA, BMI, season of assessment and employment status explained 23% variability with those who were employed accumulating significantly higher mean min/day of MVPA compared to those who were unemployed; (5.8, 95% CI: 1.5, 21.7) vs (1.5, 95% CI: 5.3, 20.0) respectively. Conclusion High sedentary time, and low MVPA indicates the need to focus health promotion efforts on shifting sedentary time into LPA while trying to increase MVPA. Future studies need to be based on larger, representative samples of South Asians.
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Popp KL, Cooke LM, Bouxsein ML, Hughes JM. Impact of Low Energy Availability on Skeletal Health in Physically Active Adults. Calcif Tissue Int 2022; 110:605-614. [PMID: 35171303 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-022-00957-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
For decades researchers reported that pre-menopausal women who engage in extensive endurance exercise and have menstrual dysfunction can develop low bone mineral density (BMD) or osteoporosis. More recently, low energy availability has been recognized as the initiating factor for low BMD in these women. Furthermore, the relationship between low energy availability and poor skeletal health is not exclusive to women engaging in endurance exercise. Rather, both males and females commonly experience endocrine dysfunction resulting from low energy availability and high exercise levels that degrades skeletal health. Consequences to skeletal health can range from short-term changes in bone metabolism and increased risk of bone stress injuries to long-term consequences of low BMD, such as osteoporosis and related fragility fractures. The degree to which low energy availability degrades skeletal health may be dependent on the length and extent of the energy deficit. However, the complex relationships between under-fueling, short- and long-term skeletal consequences and the factors that mediate these relationships are not well described. In this review, we discuss the consequences of low energy availability on sex hormones and skeletal health in two highly-active populations-athletes and military trainees-and provide a summary of existing knowledge gaps for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin L Popp
- United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Natick, MA, 01760, USA.
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Laura M Cooke
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Mary L Bouxsein
- United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Julie M Hughes
- United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
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Olsson KSE, Rosdahl H, Schantz P. Interchangeability and optimization of heart rate methods for estimating oxygen uptake in ergometer cycling, level treadmill walking and running. BMC Med Res Methodol 2022; 22:55. [PMID: 35220936 PMCID: PMC8883654 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-022-01524-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The heart rate (HR) method enables estimating oxygen uptake (V̇O2) in physical activities. However, there is a paucity in knowledge about the interchangeability of this method when applied to cycling, walking and running. Furthermore, with the aim of optimization, there is a need to compare different models for establishing HR-V̇O2 relationships. Methods Twenty-four physically active individuals (12 males and 12 females) participated. For each participant, two models of HR-V̇O2 relationships were individually established in ergometer cycling, level treadmill walking and running. Model 1 consisted of five submaximal workloads, whereas model 2 included also a maximal workload. Linear regression equations were used to estimate V̇O2 at seven intensity levels ranging between 25 and 85% of heart rate reserve (HRR). The estimated V̇O2 levels were compared between the exercise modalities and models, as well as with data from a previous study. Results A high level of resemblance in estimated V̇O2 was noted between running and cycling as well as between running and walking, with both model 1 and model 2. When comparing walking and cycling, the V̇O2 levels for given intensities of %HRR were frequently slightly higher in walking with both models (range of significant differences: 5–12%). The variations of the estimated individual V̇O2 values were reduced when using model 2 compared to model 1, both between and within the exercise modalities. Conclusion The HR method is optimized by more workloads and wider ranges. This leads to overall high levels of interchangeability when HR methods are applied in ergometer cycling, level treadmill walking and running. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12874-022-01524-w.
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Casaccia S, Naccarelli R, Moccia S, Migliorelli L, Frontoni E, Revel GM. Development of a measurement setup to detect the level of physical activity and social distancing of ageing people in a social garden during COVID-19 pandemic. MEASUREMENT : JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL MEASUREMENT CONFEDERATION 2021; 184:109946. [PMID: 36540410 PMCID: PMC9756140 DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2021.109946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This study defines a methodology to measure physical activity (PA) in ageing people working in a social garden while maintaining social distancing (SD) during COVID-19 pandemic. A real-time location system (RTLS) with embedded inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors is used for measuring PA and SD. The position of each person is tracked to assess their SD, finding that the RTLS/IMU can measure the time in which interpersonal distance is not kept with a maximum uncertainty of 1.54 min, which compared to the 15-min. limit suggested to reduce risk of transmission at less than 1.5 m, proves the feasibility of the measurement. The data collected by the accelerometers of the IMU sensors are filtered using discrete wavelet transform and used to measure the PA in ageing people with an uncertainty-based thresholding method. PA and SD time measurements were demonstrated exploiting the experimental test in a pilot case with real users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Casaccia
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e Scienze Matematiche, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Riccardo Naccarelli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e Scienze Matematiche, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sara Moccia
- BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna and Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Migliorelli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Emanuele Frontoni
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Revel
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e Scienze Matematiche, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Islam FMA, Bhowmik J, Camera DM, Maddison R, Lambert GW. Concordance between Different Criteria for Self-Reported Physical Activity Levels and Risk Factors in People with High Blood Pressure in a Rural District in Bangladesh. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910487. [PMID: 34639787 PMCID: PMC8507968 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Self-reported assessment of physical activity (PA) is commonly used in public health research. The present study investigated the concordance of self-reported PA assessed using the global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ) and two different measurement approaches. Participants (n = 307, aged 30–75 years with hypertension) were recruited from a rural area in Bangladesh. We analyzed the difference between the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations of more than 600 metabolic-equivalent time-minutes (MET-min) and the self-reported active hours, at least 2.5 h per week. Tests of sensitivity and specificity were conducted to determine concordance between the two measures. According to the WHO criteria, 255 (83%) participants were active more than 600 MET-min per week and 172 (56%) people were physically active 2.5 h or more per week, indicating a 27% difference in self-reported PA. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and concordance between the two measures were 64%, 92%, 98%, 34% and 70%, respectively. Considering the WHO MET-min as the appropriate measure, 89 (35%) were false negative (FN). Older age, professionals and businesspersons were associated with a higher proportion of FN. There is a gap between self-reported PA, thus a better estimate of PA may result from combining two criteria to measure PA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakir M. Amirul Islam
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia; (J.B.); (D.M.C.); (G.W.L.)
- Organization for Rural Community Development (ORCD), Dariapur, Narail 7500, Bangladesh
- Correspondence:
| | - Jahar Bhowmik
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia; (J.B.); (D.M.C.); (G.W.L.)
| | - Donny M. Camera
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia; (J.B.); (D.M.C.); (G.W.L.)
| | - Ralph Maddison
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia;
| | - Gavin W. Lambert
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia; (J.B.); (D.M.C.); (G.W.L.)
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
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12
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Modeling Energy Expenditure Estimation in Occupational Context by Actigraphy: A Multi Regression Mixed-Effects Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910419. [PMID: 34639718 PMCID: PMC8508338 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The accurate prediction of energy requirements for healthy individuals has many useful applications. The occupational perspective has also been proven to be of great utility for improving workers' ergonomics, safety, and health. This work proposes a statistical regression model based on actigraphy and personal characteristics to estimate energy expenditure and cross-validate the results with reference standardized methods. The model was developed by hierarchical mixed-effects regression modeling based on the multitask protocol data. Measurements combined actigraphy, indirect calorimetry, and other personal and lifestyle information from healthy individuals (n = 50) within the age of 29.8 ± 5 years old. Results showed a significant influence of the variables related to movements, heart rate and anthropometric variables of body composition for energy expenditure estimation. Overall, the proposed model showed good agreement with energy expenditure measured by indirect calorimetry and evidenced a better performance than the methods presented in the international guidelines for metabolic rate assessment proving to be a reliable alternative to normative guidelines. Furthermore, a statistically significant relationship was found between daily activity and energy expenditure, which raised the possibility of further studies including other variables, namely those related to the subject's lifestyle.
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13
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Das SK, Miki AJ, Blanchard CM, Sazonov E, Gilhooly CH, Dey S, Wolk CB, Khoo CSH, Hill JO, Shook RP. Perspective: Opportunities and Challenges of Technology Tools in Dietary and Activity Assessment: Bridging Stakeholder Viewpoints. Adv Nutr 2021; 13:1-15. [PMID: 34545392 PMCID: PMC8803491 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The science and tools of measuring energy intake and output in humans have rapidly advanced in the last decade. Engineered devices such as wearables and sensors, software applications, and Web-based tools are now ubiquitous in both research and consumer environments. The assessment of energy expenditure in particular has progressed from reliance on self-report instruments to advanced technologies requiring collaboration across multiple disciplines, from optics to accelerometry. In contrast, assessing energy intake still heavily relies on self-report mechanisms. Although these tools have improved, moving from paper-based to online reporting, considerable room for refinement remains in existing tools, and great opportunities exist for novel, transformational tools, including those using spectroscopy and chemo-sensing. This report reviews the state of the science, and the opportunities and challenges in existing and emerging technologies, from the perspectives of 3 key stakeholders: researchers, users, and developers. Each stakeholder approaches these tools with unique requirements: researchers are concerned with validity, accuracy, data detail and abundance, and ethical use; users with ease of use and privacy; and developers with high adherence and utilization, intellectual property, licensing rights, and monetization. Cross-cutting concerns include frequent updating and integration of the food and nutrient databases on which assessments rely, improving accessibility and reducing disparities in use, and maintaining reliable technical assistance. These contextual challenges are discussed in terms of opportunities and further steps in the direction of personalized health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akari J Miki
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caroline M Blanchard
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward Sazonov
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Cheryl H Gilhooly
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sujit Dey
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Colton B Wolk
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chor San H Khoo
- Institute for the Advancement of Food and Nutrition Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James O Hill
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Robin P Shook
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles & Nutrition, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA,School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
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14
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Barth Vedøy I, Skulberg KR, Anderssen SA, Tjomsland HE, Thurston M. Physical activity and academic achievement among Norwegian adolescents: Findings from a longitudinal study. Prev Med Rep 2021; 21:101312. [PMID: 33537183 PMCID: PMC7841350 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A longitudinal study of youth explored physical activity and academic achievement. Physical activity was assessed by accelerometry and academic achievement by school grades. Mediation through changes in waist circumference and sleep duration were explored. Changes in physical activity were not associated with changes in academic achievement. There was no mediation via changes in waist circumference or sleep duration.
Regular physical activity (PA) has been associated with academic achievement, but the evidence is mainly based on cross-sectional research and self-reported measures of PA. The purpose of the current study was to explore the longitudinal relationship between objectively measured PA and academic achievement among a cohort of adolescents in Norway between 2016 and 2018. As a secondary aim, an indirect relationship via waist circumference (WC) and sleep duration was assessed. Data from 599 adolescents (54.4% female, mean age at baseline ± SD 13.3 ± 0.3 years) were collected annually during their three years at lower secondary school. PA was measured objectively using accelerometry. Academic achievement was assessed using grade point average (GPA) from school records. Linear regression analysis was performed to explore associations between longitudinal changes in measures of PA (Total PA and moderate-to-vigorous PA [MVPA]) and academic achievement directly or via mediators. Results showed no significant associations between Total PA or MVPA and academic achievement, either in the main analyses or through mediation of WC and sleep duration. The results contribute to a growing evidence base of studies showing no association between objectively measured PA and academic achievement among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg Barth Vedøy
- Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Postboks 400, 2418 Elverum, Norway.,The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Postboks 4014 Ullevål stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Miranda Thurston
- Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Postboks 400, 2418 Elverum, Norway
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15
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Olsson K, Salier Eriksson J, Rosdahl H, Schantz P. Are heart rate methods based on ergometer cycling and level treadmill walking interchangeable? PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237388. [PMID: 32760167 PMCID: PMC7410327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The heart rate (HR) method is a promising approach for evaluating oxygen uptake ( V˙O2), energy demands and exercise intensities in different forms of physical activities. It would be valuable if the HR method, established on ergometer cycling, is interchangeable with other regular activities, such as level walking. This study therefore aimed to examine the interchangeability of the HR method when estimating V˙O2 for ergometer cycling and level treadmill walking in submaximal conditions. Methods Two models of HR‐V˙O2 regression equations for cycle ergometer exercise (CEE) and treadmill exercise (TE) were established with 34 active commuters. Model 1 consisted of three submaximal intensities of ergometer cycling or level walking, model 2 included also one additional workload of maximal ergometer cycling or running. The regression equations were used for estimating V˙O2 with seven individual HR values based on 25–85% of HR reserve (HRR). The V˙O2 estimations were compared between CEE and TE, within and between each model. Results Only minor, and in most cases non-significant, average differences were observed when comparing the estimated V˙O2 levels between CEE and TE. Model 1 ranged from -0.4 to 4.8% (n.s.) between 25–85%HRR. In model 2, the differences between 25–65%HRR ranged from 1.3 to -2.7% (n.s.). At the two highest intensities, 75 and 85%HRR, V˙O2 was slightly lower (3.7%, 4.4%; P < 0.05), for CEE than TE. The inclusion of maximal exercise in the HR‐V˙O2 relationships reduced the individual V˙O2 variations between the two exercise modalities. Conclusion The HR methods, based on submaximal ergometer cycling and level walking, are interchangeable for estimating mean V˙O2 levels between 25–85% of HRR. Essentially, the same applies when adding maximal exercise in the HR‐V˙O2 relationships. The inter-individual V˙O2 variation between ergometer cycling and treadmill exercise is reduced when using the HR method based on both submaximal and maximal workloads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Olsson
- Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment, The Åstrand Laboratory and Laboratory of Applied Sport Science, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jane Salier Eriksson
- Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment, The Åstrand Laboratory and Laboratory of Applied Sport Science, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Rosdahl
- Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment, The Åstrand Laboratory and Laboratory of Applied Sport Science, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Schantz
- Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment, The Åstrand Laboratory and Laboratory of Applied Sport Science, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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16
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Crouter SE, LaMunion SR, Hibbing PR, Kaplan AS, Bassett DR. Accuracy of the Cosmed K5 portable calorimeter. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226290. [PMID: 31841537 PMCID: PMC6913985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of the Cosmed K5 portable metabolic system dynamic mixing chamber (MC) and breath-by-breath (BxB) modes against the criterion Douglas bag (DB) method. METHODS Fifteen participants (mean age±SD, 30.6±7.4 yrs) had their metabolic variables measured at rest and during cycling at 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250W. During each stage, participants were connected to the first respiratory gas collection method (randomized) for the first four minutes to reach steady state, followed by 3-min (or 5-min for DB) collection periods for the resting condition, and 2-min collection periods for all cycling intensities. Collection periods for the second and third methods were preceded by a washout of 1-3 min. Repeated measures ANOVAs were used to compare metabolic variables measured by each method, for seated rest and each cycling work rate. RESULTS For ventilation (VE) and oxygen uptake (VO2), the K5 MC and BxB modes were within 2.1 l/min (VE) and 0.08 l/min (VO2) of the DB (p≥0.05). Compared to DB values, carbon dioxide production (VCO2) was significantly underestimated by the K5 BxB mode at work rates ≥150W by 0.12-0.31 l/min (p<0.05). K5 MC and BxB respiratory exchange ratio values were significantly lower than DB at cycling work rates ≥100W by 0.03-0.08 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Compared to the DB method, the K5 MC and BxB modes are acceptable for measuring VE and VO2 across a wide range of cycling intensities. Both K5 modes provided comparable values to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E. Crouter
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Samuel R. LaMunion
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Paul R. Hibbing
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Andrew S. Kaplan
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - David R. Bassett
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
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17
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Pedisic Z, Shrestha N, Kovalchik S, Stamatakis E, Liangruenrom N, Grgic J, Titze S, Biddle SJ, Bauman AE, Oja P. Is running associated with a lower risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality, and is the more the better? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2019; 54:898-905. [PMID: 31685526 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-100493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of running participation and the dose of running with the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Journal articles, conference papers and doctoral theses indexed in Academic Search Ultimate, CINAHL, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, MasterFILE Complete, Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, Open Access Theses and Dissertations, PsycINFO, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Prospective cohort studies on the association between running or jogging participation and the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and/or cancer mortality in a non-clinical population of adults were included. RESULTS Fourteen studies from six prospective cohorts with a pooled sample of 232 149 participants were included. In total, 25 951 deaths were recorded during 5.5-35 year follow-ups. Our meta-analysis showed that running participation is associated with 27%, 30% and 23% lower risk of all-cause (pooled adjusted hazard ratio (HR)=0.73; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68 to 0.79), cardiovascular (HR=0.70; 95% CI 0.49 to 0.98) and cancer (HR=0.77; 95% CI 0.68 to 0.87) mortality, respectively, compared with no running. A meta-regression analysis showed no significant dose-response trends for weekly frequency, weekly duration, pace and the total volume of running. CONCLUSION Increased rates of participation in running, regardless of its dose, would probably lead to substantial improvements in population health and longevity. Any amount of running, even just once a week, is better than no running, but higher doses of running may not necessarily be associated with greater mortality benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeljko Pedisic
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nipun Shrestha
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie Kovalchik
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nucharapon Liangruenrom
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand
| | - Jozo Grgic
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sylvia Titze
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Stuart Jh Biddle
- Institute for Resilient Regions, Centre for Health, Informatics, and Economic Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Queensland, Australia
| | - Adrian E Bauman
- Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pekka Oja
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
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18
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Schantz P, Salier Eriksson J, Rosdahl H. The heart rate method for estimating oxygen uptake: analyses of reproducibility using a range of heart rates from commuter walking. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:2655-2671. [PMID: 31628539 PMCID: PMC6858472 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04236-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background The heart rate method, based on the linear relation between heart rate and oxygen uptake, is potentially valuable to monitor intensity levels of physical activities. However, this depends not least on its reproducibility under standard conditions. This study aims, therefore, to evaluate the reproducibility of the heart rate method in the laboratory using a range of heart rates associated with walking commuting. Methods On two different days, heart rate and oxygen uptake measurements were made during three submaximal (model 1) and a maximal exercise intensity (model 2) on a cycle ergometer in the laboratory. 14 habitual walking commuters participated. The reproducibility, based on the regression equations from test and retest and using three levels of heart rate from the walking commuting, was analyzed. Differences between the two models were also analyzed. Results For both models, there were no significant differences between test and retest in the constituents of the regression equations (y intercept, slope and r value). Neither were there any systematic differences in estimated absolute levels of VO2 between test and retest for either model. However, some rather large individual differences were seen in both models. Furthermore, no significant differences were seen between the two models in slopes, intercepts and r values of the regression equations or in the estimated VO2. Conclusion The heart rate method shows good reproducibility on the group level in estimating oxygen consumption from heart rate–oxygen uptake relations in the laboratory, and based on three levels of heart rate which are representative for walking commuting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schantz
- The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment, The Åstrand Laboratory and Laboratory for Applied Sport Science, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jane Salier Eriksson
- The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment, The Åstrand Laboratory and Laboratory for Applied Sport Science, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Rosdahl
- The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment, The Åstrand Laboratory and Laboratory for Applied Sport Science, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
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19
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Schantz P, Salier Eriksson J, Rosdahl H. The heart rate method for estimating oxygen uptake: Analyses of reproducibility using a range of heart rates from cycle commuting. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219741. [PMID: 31339909 PMCID: PMC6655643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring aerobic exercise intensities of free-living physical activities is valuable for purposes such as education and research. The heart rate (HR) method, based on the linear relation between HR and oxygen uptake (VO2), is potentially valuable for this purpose. Three prerequisites are that the method is reproducible, and valid for the specific form of physical activity executed as well as under field conditions. The aim of this study is to evaluate reproducibility of the heart rate method in the laboratory. VO2 and HR measurements were made on two different occasions during three submaximal (model 1) plus a maximal exercise intensity (model 2) on a cycle ergometer in the laboratory. 19 habitual commuter cyclists (9 males and 10 females), aged 44 ± 3 years, were measured. The reproducibility of the estimated VO2, based on three levels of HR from commuting cycling and the regression equations from test and retest were analyzed. Differences between the two models were also studied. For both models, there were no significant differences between test and retest in the constituents of the regression equations (y-intercept, slope and r-value). Neither were there any systematic differences in estimated absolute levels of VO2 between test and retest. The relative differences between test and retest, based on estimations from three different levels of HR, were 0.99 ± 11.0 (n.s.), 2.67 ± 6.48 (n.s.) and 3.57 ± 6.24% (p<0.05) for model 1, and 1.09 ± 10.6, 1.75 ± 6.43 and 2.12 ± 5.92% (all n.s.) for model 2. However, some large individual differences were seen in both models. There were no significant differences between the two models in the slopes, intercepts or r-values of the regression equations or in the estimated levels of VO2. The heart rate method shows good reproducibility on the group level in estimating oxygen consumption from HR-VO2 relations in the laboratory, and based on three levels of HR which are representative for cycle commuting. However, on the individual level, some large variations were seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schantz
- The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment, The Åstrand Laboratory & Laboratory for Applied Sport Science, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Jane Salier Eriksson
- The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment, The Åstrand Laboratory & Laboratory for Applied Sport Science, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Rosdahl
- The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment, The Åstrand Laboratory & Laboratory for Applied Sport Science, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Amaro-Gahete FJ, Sanchez-Delgado G, Helge JW, Ruiz JR. Optimizing Maximal Fat Oxidation Assessment by a Treadmill-Based Graded Exercise Protocol: When Should the Test End? Front Physiol 2019; 10:909. [PMID: 31396095 PMCID: PMC6664289 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maximal fat oxidation during exercise (MFO) and the exercise intensity eliciting MFO (Fatmax) are considered important factors related to metabolic health and performance. Numerous MFO and Fatmax data collection and analysis approaches have been applied, which may have influenced their estimation during an incremental graded exercise protocol. Despite the heterogeneity of protocols used, all studies consistently stopped the MFO and Fatmax test when the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) was 1.0. It remains unknown however whether reaching a RER of 1.0 is required to have an accurate, reliable, and valid measure of MFO and Fatmax. We aimed to investigate the RER at which MFO and Fatmax occurred in sedentary and trained healthy adults. A total of 166 sedentary adults aged between 18 and 65 years participated in the study. MFO and Fatmax were calculated by an incremental graded exercise protocol before and after two exercise-based interventions. Our findings suggest that a graded exercise protocol aiming to determine MFO and Fatmax could end when a RER = 0.93 is reached in sedentary healthy adults, and when a RER = 0.90 is reached in trained adults independently of sex, age, body weight status, or the Fatmax data analysis approach. In conclusion, we suggest reducing the RER from 1.0 to 0.95 to be sure that MFO is reached in outliers. This methodological consideration has important clinical implications, since it would allow to apply smaller workload increments and/or to extend the stage duration to attain the steady state, without increasing the test duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Amaro-Gahete
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jørn W Helge
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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21
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Siddall AG, Powell SD, Needham-Beck SC, Edwards VC, Thompson JES, Kefyalew SS, Singh PA, Orford ER, Venables MC, Jackson S, Greeves JP, Blacker SD, Myers SD. Validity of energy expenditure estimation methods during 10 days of military training. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29:1313-1321. [PMID: 31136027 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Wearable physical activity (PA) monitors have improved the ability to estimate free-living total energy expenditure (TEE) but their application during arduous military training alongside more well-established research methods has not been widely documented. This study aimed to assess the validity of two wrist-worn activity monitors and a PA log against doubly labeled water (DLW) during British Army Officer Cadet (OC) training. For 10 days of training, twenty (10 male and 10 female) OCs (mean ± SD: age 23 ± 2 years, height 1.74 ± 0.09 m, body mass 77.0 ± 9.3 kg) wore one research-grade accelerometer (GENEActiv, Cambridge, UK) on the dominant wrist, wore one commercially available monitor (Fitbit SURGE, USA) on the non-dominant wrist, and completed a self-report PA log. Immediately prior to this 10-day period, participants consumed a bolus of DLW and provided daily urine samples, which were analyzed by mass spectrometry to determine TEE. Bivariate correlations and limits of agreement (LoA) were employed to compare TEE from each estimation method to DLW. Average daily TEE from DLW was 4112 ± 652 kcal·day-1 against which the GENEActiv showed near identical average TEE (mean bias ± LoA: -15 ± 851 kcal. day-1 ) while Fitbit tended to underestimate (-656 ± 683 kcal·day-1 ) and the PA log substantially overestimate (+1946 ± 1637 kcal·day-1 ). Wearable physical activity monitors provide a cheaper and more practical method for estimating free-living TEE than DLW in military settings. The GENEActiv accelerometer demonstrated good validity for assessing daily TEE and would appear suitable for use in large-scale, longitudinal military studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Siddall
- Occupational Performance Research Group, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - Steven D Powell
- Occupational Performance Research Group, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - Sarah C Needham-Beck
- Occupational Performance Research Group, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - Victoria C Edwards
- Occupational Performance Research Group, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - Jane E S Thompson
- Occupational Performance Research Group, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - Sarah S Kefyalew
- Medical Research Council Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Priya A Singh
- Medical Research Council Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elise R Orford
- Medical Research Council Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Sarah Jackson
- Army Personnel Research Capability, Army Headquarters, Andover, UK
| | - Julie P Greeves
- Army Personnel Research Capability, Army Headquarters, Andover, UK
| | - Sam D Blacker
- Occupational Performance Research Group, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - Steve D Myers
- Occupational Performance Research Group, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
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Yang L, Lu K, Forsman M, Lindecrantz K, Seoane F, Ekblom Ö, Eklund J. Evaluation of physiological workload assessment methods using heart rate and accelerometry for a smart wearable system. ERGONOMICS 2019; 62:694-705. [PMID: 30806164 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2019.1566579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Work metabolism (WM) can be accurately estimated by oxygen consumption (VO2), which is commonly assessed by heart rate (HR) in field studies. However, the VO2-HR relationship is influenced by individual capacity and activity characteristics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate three models for estimating WM compared with indirect calorimetry, during simulated work activities. The techniques were: the HR-Flex model; HR branched model, combining HR with hip-worn accelerometers (ACC); and HR + arm-leg ACC model, combining HR with wrist- and thigh-worn ACC. Twelve participants performed five simulated work activities and three submaximal tests. The HR + arm-leg ACC model had the overall best performance with limits of agreement (LoA) of -3.94 and 2.00 mL/min/kg, while the HR-Flex model had -5.01 and 5.36 mL/min/kg and the branched model, -6.71 and 1.52 mL/min/kg. In conclusion, the HR + arm-leg ACC model should, when feasible, be preferred in wearable systems for WM estimation. Practitioner Summary: Work with high energy demand can impair employees' health and life quality. Three models were evaluated for estimating work metabolism during simulated tasks. The model combining heart rate, wrist- and thigh-worn accelerometers showed the best accuracy. This is, when feasible, suggested for wearable systems to assess work metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Yang
- a Division of Ergonomics , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Huddinge , Sweden
- b Institute of Environmental Medicine , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Ke Lu
- a Division of Ergonomics , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Huddinge , Sweden
| | - Mikael Forsman
- a Division of Ergonomics , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Huddinge , Sweden
- b Institute of Environmental Medicine , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Kaj Lindecrantz
- b Institute of Environmental Medicine , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
- c Swedish School of Textiles , University of Borås , Borås , Sweden
| | - Fernando Seoane
- c Swedish School of Textiles , University of Borås , Borås , Sweden
- d Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology , Karolinska Institutet , Huddinge , Sweden
| | - Örjan Ekblom
- e Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology , The Swedish School of Sport and Health , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Jörgen Eklund
- a Division of Ergonomics , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Huddinge , Sweden
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23
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Energy Deficiency During Cold Weather Mountain Training in NSW SEAL Qualification Students. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2019; 29:315-321. [DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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24
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Amaro-Gahete FJ, Sanchez-Delgado G, Jurado-Fasoli L, De-la-O A, Castillo MJ, Helge JW, Ruiz JR. Assessment of maximal fat oxidation during exercise: A systematic review. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29:910-921. [PMID: 30929281 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Maximal fat oxidation during exercise (MFO) and the exercise intensity eliciting MFO (Fatmax ) are considered biological markers of metabolic health and performance. A wide range of studies have been performed to increase our knowledge about their regulation by exercise and/or nutritional intervention. However, numerous data collection and analysis approaches have been applied, which may have affected the MFO and Fatmax estimation. We aimed to systematically review the available studies describing and/or comparing different data collection and analysis approach factors that could affect MFO and Fatmax estimation in healthy individuals and patients. Two independent researchers performed the search. We included all original studies in which MFO and/or Fatmax were estimated by indirect calorimetry through an incremental graded exercise protocol published from 2002 to 2019. This systematic review provides key information about the factors that could affect MFO and Fatmax estimation: ergometer type, metabolic cart used, warm-up duration and intensity, stage duration and intensities imposed in the graded exercise protocol, time interval selected for data analysis, stoichiometric equation selected to estimate fat oxidation, data analysis approach, time of the day when the test was performed, fasting time/previous meal before the test, and testing days for MFO/Fatmax and maximal oxygen uptake assessment. We suggest that researchers measuring MFO and Fatmax should take into account these key methodological issues that can considerably affect the accuracy, validity, and reliability of the measurement. Likewise, when comparing different studies, it is important to check whether the above-mentioned key methodological issues are similar in such studies to avoid ambiguous and unacceptable comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Amaro-Gahete
- EFFECTS-262, Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Lucas Jurado-Fasoli
- EFFECTS-262, Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alejandro De-la-O
- EFFECTS-262, Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel J Castillo
- EFFECTS-262, Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jørn W Helge
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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25
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Ross R, ALDuhishy A, González-Haro C. Validation of the Cosmed K4b2 Portable Metabolic System During Running Outdoors. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 34:124-133. [PMID: 30707139 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Ross, R, ALDuhishy, A, and González-Haro, C. Validation of the cosmed K4b2 portable metabolic system during running outdoors. J Strength Cond Res 34(1): 124-133, 2020-The aim of this study was to determine the agreement of the K4b metabolic system in comparison with the Douglas bags (DB) method for determining gas-exchange variables during both indoor treadmill and outdoor running. Nineteen endurance-trained males undertook 3 maximal incremental running tests, separated by at least 2 days: K4b indoor test (K1), K4b outdoor test (K2), and DB indoor test. Gas-exchange parameters (VO2, VCO2, VE, VI, Respiratory Exchange Ratio, FEO2, and FECO2) and heart rate were measured during K1, K2, and DB tests. For most of the variables (VO2, %VO2, %VCO2, VE, and VI), the agreement was better for K2 when compared with DB than for K1 when compared with DB. For VCO2, FEO2, and FECO2, the agreement was better between K1 when compared with DB than for K2 when compared with DB. Respiratory Exchange Ratio showed a similar agreement between both conditions (K1 vs. DB and K2 vs. DB). K4b seems valid for measuring gas-exchange variables during submaximal and maximal running velocities in an outdoor environment. Although K2 mean systematic error (bias) was low, the aleatory error was moderate. These considerations should be taken into account when using K4b to measure gas-exchange parameters both during indoor and outdoor activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzy Ross
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Anas ALDuhishy
- Physical Therapy Department, College of Applied Medical Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; and
| | - Carlos González-Haro
- Research and Development Department, Non Functional Fatigue Co., Barcelona, Spain
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Chrzanowski-Smith OJ, Edinburgh RM, Betts JA, Stokes KA, Gonzalez JT. Evaluation of a graded exercise test to determine peak fat oxidation in individuals with low cardiorespiratory fitness. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 43:1288-1297. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The maximal capacity to utilise fat (peak fat oxidation, PFO) may have implications for health and ultra-endurance performance and is commonly determined by incremental exercise tests employing 3-min stages. However, 3-min stages may be insufficient to attain steady-state gas kinetics, compromising test validity. We assessed whether 4-min stages produce steady-state gas exchange and reliable PFO estimates in adults with peak oxygen consumption < 40 mL·kg−1·min−1. Fifteen participants (9 females) completed a graded test to determine PFO and the intensity at which this occurred (FATMAX). Three short continuous exercise sessions (SCE) were then completed in a randomised order, involving completion of the graded test to the stage (i) preceding, (ii) equal to (SCEequal), or (iii) after the stage at which PFO was previously attained, whereupon participants then continued to cycle for 10 min at that respective intensity. Expired gases were sampled at minutes 3–4, 5–6, 7–8, and 9–10. Individual data showed steady-state gas exchange was achieved within 4 min during SCEequal. Mean fat oxidation rates were not different across time within SCEequal nor compared with the graded test at FATMAX (both p > 0.05). However, the graded test displayed poor surrogate validity (SCEequal, minutes 3–4 vs. 5–6, 7–8, and 9–10) and day-to-day reliability (minutes 3–4, SCEequal vs. graded test) to determine PFO, as evident by correlations (range: 0.47–0.83) and typical errors and 95% limits of agreement (ranges: 0.03–0.05 and ±0.09–0.15 g·min−1, respectively). In conclusion, intraindividual variation in PFO is substantial despite 4-min stages establishing steady-state gas exchange in individuals with low fitness. Individual assessment of PFO may require multiple assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J. Chrzanowski-Smith
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Robert M. Edinburgh
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - James A. Betts
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Keith A. Stokes
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Javier T. Gonzalez
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
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27
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Lu K, Yang L, Seoane F, Abtahi F, Forsman M, Lindecrantz K. Fusion of Heart Rate, Respiration and Motion Measurements from a Wearable Sensor System to Enhance Energy Expenditure Estimation. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E3092. [PMID: 30223429 PMCID: PMC6164120 DOI: 10.3390/s18093092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a new method that integrates heart rate, respiration, and motion information obtained from a wearable sensor system to estimate energy expenditure. The system measures electrocardiography, impedance pneumography, and acceleration from upper and lower limbs. A multilayer perceptron neural network model was developed, evaluated, and compared to two existing methods, with data from 11 subjects (mean age, 27 years, range, 21⁻65 years) who performed a 3-h protocol including submaximal tests, simulated work tasks, and periods of rest. Oxygen uptake was measured with an indirect calorimeter as a reference, with a time resolution of 15 s. When compared to the reference, the new model showed a lower mean absolute error (MAE = 1.65 mL/kg/min, R² = 0.92) than the two existing methods, i.e., the flex-HR method (MAE = 2.83 mL/kg/min, R² = 0.75), which uses only heart rate, and arm-leg HR+M method (MAE = 2.12 mL/kg/min, R² = 0.86), which uses heart rate and motion information. As indicated, this new model may, in combination with a wearable system, be useful in occupational and general health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Lu
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Hälsovägen 11C, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Liyun Yang
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Hälsovägen 11C, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden.
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 1, 171 77 Solna, Sweden.
| | - Fernando Seoane
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Hälsovägen 7, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden.
- Swedish School of Textiles, University of Borås, Allégatan 1, 501 90 Borås, Sweden.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Karolinska University Hospital, 1, 171 76 Solna, Sweden.
| | - Farhad Abtahi
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Hälsovägen 11C, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden.
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 1, 171 77 Solna, Sweden.
| | - Mikael Forsman
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Hälsovägen 11C, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden.
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 1, 171 77 Solna, Sweden.
| | - Kaj Lindecrantz
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 1, 171 77 Solna, Sweden.
- Swedish School of Textiles, University of Borås, Allégatan 1, 501 90 Borås, Sweden.
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Liangruenrom N, Suttikasem K, Craike M, Bennie JA, Biddle SJH, Pedisic Z. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour research in Thailand: a systematic scoping review. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:733. [PMID: 29898706 PMCID: PMC6001063 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5643-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of deaths per year attributed to non-communicable diseases is increasing in low- and middle-income countries, including Thailand. To facilitate the development of evidence-based public health programs and policies in Thailand, research on physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) is needed. The aims of this scoping review were to: (i) map all available evidence on PA and SB in Thailand; (ii) identify research gaps; and (iii) suggest directions for future research. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted through 10 bibliographic databases. Additional articles were identified through secondary searches of reference lists, websites of relevant Thai health organisations, Google, and Google Scholar. Studies written in Thai or English were screened independently by two authors and included if they presented quantitative or qualitative data relevant to public health research on PA and/or SB. RESULTS Out of 25,007 screened articles, a total of 564 studies were included in the review. Most studies included PA only (80%), 6.7% included SB only, and 13.3% included both PA and SB. The most common research focus was correlates (58.9%), followed by outcomes of PA/SB (22.2%), prevalence of PA/SB (12.4%), and instrument validation (3.2%). Most PA/SB research was cross-sectional (69.3%), while interventions (19.7%) and longitudinal studies (2.8%) were less represented. Most studies (94%) used self-reports of PA/SB, and few (2.5%) used device-based measures. Both sexes were examined in most studies (82.5%). Adults were the main target population group (51.1%), followed by older adults (26.9%), adolescents (15.7%), and children (6.3%). Clinical populations were investigated in the context of PA/SB in a relatively large number of studies (15.3%), most frequently those with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hypertension (22%, 21%, and 21% respectively). CONCLUSIONS The number of Thai papers on PA published per year has been increasing, indicating a growing interest in this research area. More studies using population-representative samples are needed, particularly among children and adolescents, and investigating SB as a health risk factor. To provide stronger evidence on determinants and outcomes of PA/SB, longitudinal studies using standardised measures of PA and SB are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nucharapon Liangruenrom
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
- Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Road, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Kanyapat Suttikasem
- Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Road, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Melinda Craike
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
| | - Jason A Bennie
- Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Education City, 37 Sinnathamby Boulevard, Springfield Central, QLD, 4300, Australia
| | - Stuart J H Biddle
- Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Education City, 37 Sinnathamby Boulevard, Springfield Central, QLD, 4300, Australia
| | - Zeljko Pedisic
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia.
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29
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Zhang P, Godin SD, Owens MV. Measuring the validity and reliability of the Apple Watch as a physical activity monitor. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2018; 59:784-790. [PMID: 29619803 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.18.08339-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of the energy expenditure (EE) estimation of Apple Watch® among college students. METHODS Thirty college students completed two sets of three 10-minute treadmill walking and running trials while wearing three Apple watches and being connected to indirect calorimetry. The walking trials were at speeds of 54, 80, and 107 m·min-1 while the running trials were at 134, 161, 188 m·min-1. Energy expenditure comparisons were made using Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures. Reliability was analyzed by Intraclass Correlation. RESULTS There was no significant device x speed interactions (F (15, 696)=1.113, P=0.341) between the indirect calorimetry (criterion) and Apple Watch®. The lowest Inter-Class Correlation (ICC) scores were 0.49 (95%CI) at 54 while the highest were 0.72 (95%CI) at 107 and 134 m·min-1. CONCLUSIONS Apple Watch® demonstrated a low to moderate validity and reliability on measuring EE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Exercise Science, East Stroudsburg University, East Stroudsburg, PA, USA -
| | - Steven D Godin
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Matthew V Owens
- Cardia Rhythm Management Field Clinical Center, Syracuse, NY, USA
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30
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Dowd KP, Szeklicki R, Minetto MA, Murphy MH, Polito A, Ghigo E, van der Ploeg H, Ekelund U, Maciaszek J, Stemplewski R, Tomczak M, Donnelly AE. A systematic literature review of reviews on techniques for physical activity measurement in adults: a DEDIPAC study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2018; 15:15. [PMID: 29422051 PMCID: PMC5806271 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0636-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The links between increased participation in Physical Activity (PA) and improvements in health are well established. As this body of evidence has grown, so too has the search for measures of PA with high levels of methodological effectiveness (i.e. validity, reliability and responsiveness to change). The aim of this “review of reviews” was to provide a comprehensive overview of the methodological effectiveness of currently employed measures of PA, to aid researchers in their selection of an appropriate tool. A total of 63 review articles were included in this review, and the original articles cited by these reviews were included in order to extract detailed information on methodological effectiveness. Self-report measures of PA have been most frequently examined for methodological effectiveness, with highly variable findings identified across a broad range of behaviours. The evidence-base for the methodological effectiveness of objective monitors, particularly accelerometers/activity monitors, is increasing, with lower levels of variability observed for validity and reliability when compared to subjective measures. Unfortunately, responsiveness to change across all measures and behaviours remains under-researched, with limited information available. Other criteria beyond methodological effectiveness often influence tool selection, including cost and feasibility. However, researchers must be aware of the methodological effectiveness of any measure selected for use when examining PA. Although no “perfect” tool for the examination of PA in adults exists, it is suggested that researchers aim to incorporate appropriate objective measures, specific to the behaviours of interests, when examining PA in free-living environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran P Dowd
- Department of Sport and Health Science, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland
| | - Robert Szeklicki
- University School of Physical Education in Poznan, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marco Alessandro Minetto
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Marie H Murphy
- School of Health Science, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, UK
| | - Angela Polito
- National Institute for Food and Nutrition Research, Rome, Italy
| | - Ezio Ghigo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Hidde van der Ploeg
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, VU University Medical Center, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,The Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Janusz Maciaszek
- University School of Physical Education in Poznan, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Maciej Tomczak
- University School of Physical Education in Poznan, Poznan, Poland
| | - Alan E Donnelly
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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31
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Macfarlane DJ. Open-circuit respirometry: a historical review of portable gas analysis systems. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 117:2369-2386. [PMID: 29043499 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3716-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Scientists such as physiologists, engineers, and nutritionists have often sought to estimate human metabolic strain during daily activities and physical pursuits. The measurement of human metabolism can involve direct calorimetry as well as indirect calorimetry using both closed-circuit respirometry and open-circuit methods that can include diluted flow chambers and laboratory-based gas analysis systems. For field studies, methods involving questionnaires, pedometry, accelerometery, heart rate telemetry, and doubly labelled water exist, yet portable metabolic gas analysis remains the gold standard for most field studies on energy expenditure. This review focuses on research-based portable systems designed to estimate metabolic rate typically under steady-state conditions by critically examining each significant historical innovation. Key developments include Zuntz's 1906 innovative system, then a significant improvement to this purely mechanical system by the widely adopted Kofranyi-Michaelis device in the 1940s. Later, a series of technical improvements: in electronics lead to Wolf's Integrating Motor Pneumotachograph in the 1950s; in polarographic O2 cells in 1970-1980's allowed on-line oxygen uptake measures; in CO2 cells in 1990s allowed on-line respiratory exchange ratio determination; and in advanced sensors/computing power at the turn of the century led to the first truly breath-by-breath portable systems. Very recent significant updates to the popular Cosmed and Cortex systems and the potential commercial release of the NASA-developed 'PUMA' system show that technological developments in this niche area are still incrementally advancing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan J Macfarlane
- Institute of Human Performance, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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A Mixed-Methods Examination of Physical Activity and Sedentary Time in Overweight and Obese South Asian Men Living in the United Kingdom. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14040348. [PMID: 28346386 PMCID: PMC5409549 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14040348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
South Asian men living in the UK have higher rates of central obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) compared with their white British counterparts. Physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) are important risk factors for the development of T2DM. The purpose of this study was to objectively measure PA, ST, and to explore the factors influencing these behaviours in this high-risk population. A mixed-methods cross-sectional research design was employed, including the quantification of PA and ST using the self-report International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)-long form and accelerometry in overweight and obese UK South Asian men (n = 54), followed by semi-structured interviews in a purposive sub-sample to explore the factors influencing PA and ST (n = 31). Accelerometer-derived moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and ST were 298.9 ± 186.6 min/week and 551.4 ± 95.0 min/day, respectively. IPAQ-derived MVPA was significantly lower than accelerometer-derived MVPA (p < 0.001). IPAQ-derived ST was significantly higher than accelerometer-derived ST (p < 0.001). Lack of time and family commitments were identified as the main barriers to being more physically active, with group exercise identified as an important facilitator to being more active. A cultural norm of focusing on promoting education over sport participation during childhood was identified as an important factor influencing long-term PA behaviours. Work commitments and predominantly sedentary jobs were identified as the main barriers to reducing ST. Healthcare professionals and researchers need to consider the socio-cultural factors which affect PA engagement in overweight and obese South Asian men living in the UK, to ensure that advice and future interventions are tailored to address the needs of this population.
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Silva KS, Garcia LMT, Rabacow FM, de Rezende LFM, de Sá TH. Physical activity as part of daily living: Moving beyond quantitative recommendations. Prev Med 2017; 96:160-162. [PMID: 27840115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to discuss a paradigm shift towards a broader understanding of physical activity (PA) as part of daily living and, therefore, a different approach for PA guidelines, research, and promotion. To this aim, we centered the discussion in two topics: 1) PA: from a restricted view to a broader phenomenon; and 2) Recommendations for PA: moving beyond minutes and dose-response. A holistic understanding of PA and its relationship with health is not possible unless it is considered values, meanings, and symbols that impregnate the human behavior linked to the modes of living of a given people. If we do believe that PA is a behavior essential to human life, we must align our actions to our speech. However, current guidelines, as well as in most policies and programs of PA is largely portrayed as a way to attain longer life expectancy and less diseases, which runs against our consolidated understanding of PA as part of our everyday life. New guidelines could focus on how, when, why, where, and with whom we include PA in our daily lives, based on a day-long approach, instead of how much we should do in order to prevent non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Samara Silva
- Federal University of Santa Catarina Sports Center, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Fabiana Maluf Rabacow
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Hérick de Sá
- University of São Paulo, School of Public Health, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, SP 01246-904, Brazil
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Mooney SJ, Joshi S, Cerdá M, Kennedy GJ, Beard JR, Rundle AG. Contextual Correlates of Physical Activity among Older Adults: A Neighborhood Environment-Wide Association Study (NE-WAS). Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017; 26:495-504. [PMID: 28154108 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-0827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Few older adults achieve recommended physical activity levels. We conducted a "neighborhood environment-wide association study (NE-WAS)" of neighborhood influences on physical activity among older adults, analogous, in a genetic context, to a genome-wide association study.Methods: Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) and sociodemographic data were collected via telephone survey of 3,497 residents of New York City aged 65 to 75 years. Using Geographic Information Systems, we created 337 variables describing each participant's residential neighborhood's built, social, and economic context. We used survey-weighted regression models adjusting for individual-level covariates to test for associations between each neighborhood variable and (i) total PASE score, (ii) gardening activity, (iii) walking, and (iv) housework (as a negative control). We also applied two "Big Data" analytic techniques, LASSO regression, and Random Forests, to algorithmically select neighborhood variables predictive of these four physical activity measures.Results: Of all 337 measures, proportion of residents living in extreme poverty was most strongly associated with total physical activity [-0.85; (95% confidence interval, -1.14 to -0.56) PASE units per 1% increase in proportion of residents living with household incomes less than half the federal poverty line]. Only neighborhood socioeconomic status and disorder measures were associated with total activity and gardening, whereas a broader range of measures was associated with walking. As expected, no neighborhood meaZsures were associated with housework after accounting for multiple comparisons.Conclusions: This systematic approach revealed patterns in the domains of neighborhood measures associated with physical activity.Impact: The NE-WAS approach appears to be a promising exploratory technique. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(4); 495-504. ©2017 AACRSee all the articles in this CEBP Focus section, "Geospatial Approaches to Cancer Control and Population Sciences."
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Mooney
- Harborview Injury Prevention & Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
| | - Spruha Joshi
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Magdalena Cerdá
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | | | - John R Beard
- Department of Ageing and Life Course, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrew G Rundle
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
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Sirichana W, Dolezal BA, Neufeld EV, Wang X, Cooper CB. Wrist-worn triaxial accelerometry predicts the energy expenditure of non-vigorous daily physical activities. J Sci Med Sport 2017; 20:761-765. [PMID: 28159535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.01.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Triaxial accelerometry is commonly used to estimate oxygen uptake (VO2) and energy expenditure in health and fitness studies. We tested the correlation of a triaxial accelerometer in terms of a summation of vector magnitudes with gravity subtracted (SVMgs) and measured VO2 for different daily physical activities. DESIGN Original research, cross-sectional. METHODS Twenty volunteers wore a triaxial accelerometer on both wrists while performing 12 assigned daily physical activities for 6min for each activity. The VO2 was determined by indirect calorimetry using a portable metabolic measurement system. The last 3min of each activity was assumed to represent steady-state. The VO2 measured during these periods was averaged and converted into metabolic equivalents (METs). RESULTS The range of VO2 for all activities was 0.18-3.2L/min (0.8-12.2 METs). Significant differences in SVMgs existed between accelerometer placements on the dominant (120.9±8.7gmin) versus non-dominant hand (99.9±6.8gmin; P=0.016) for the lowest levels of physical activity defined as <1.5 METs. Piecewise linear regression model using 6 METs as the transition point showed similar significant correlations for the non-dominant wrist (r2=0.85; P<0.001) and the dominant wrist (r2=0.86; P<0.001). Using the non-dominant wrist below 6 METs, the slope of the relationship between SVMgs and METs was 105.3±4.3 (95% CI 96.9 to 113.7) indicating an increase in SVMgs of approximately 100 units for every MET increase in oxygen uptake. CONCLUSIONS Wrist-worn triaxial accelerometry reliably predicted energy expenditure during common physical activities <6 METs. More consistent correlations were found when the accelerometer was worn on the non-dominant wrist rather than the dominant wrist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worawan Sirichana
- Exercise Physiology Research Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Thailand
| | - Brett A Dolezal
- Exercise Physiology Research Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, USA
| | - Eric V Neufeld
- Exercise Physiology Research Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, USA
| | - Christopher B Cooper
- Exercise Physiology Research Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, USA.
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Wearable multisensor and total energy expenditure estimation in young, adult and institutionalized elderly individuals: validation and practical recommendation. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-016-0321-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
Background Obesity is a consequence of chronic energy imbalance. We need accurate and precise measurements of energy intake and expenditure, as well as the related behaviors, to fully understand how energy homeostasis is regulated in order to develop interventions and evaluate their effectiveness to combat the global obesity epidemic. Scope of review We provide an in-depth review of the methodologies currently used to measure energy intake and expenditure in humans, including their principles, advantages, and limitations in the clinical research setting. The aim is to provide researchers with a comprehensive guide to conduct obesity research of the highest possible quality. Major conclusions An array of methodologies is available to measure various aspects of energy metabolism and none is perfect under all circumstances. The choice of methods should be specific to particular research questions with practicality and quality of data the priorities for consideration. A combination of complementary measurements may be preferable. There is an imperative need to develop new methodologies to improve the accuracy and precision of energy intake assessments. Image-based technology is a significant step to improve energy intake measurement. Physical activity informs patterns but not absolute energy expenditure. Combining complementary measurements overcomes shortfalls of individual methods.
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Objective Measurement in Physical Activity Surveillance: Present Role and Future Potential. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-29577-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
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Sperstad JB, Tennfjord MK, Hilde G, Ellström-Engh M, Bø K. Diastasis recti abdominis during pregnancy and 12 months after childbirth: prevalence, risk factors and report of lumbopelvic pain. Br J Sports Med 2016; 50:1092-6. [PMID: 27324871 PMCID: PMC5013086 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) is defined as a separation of the 2 muscle bellies of rectus abdominis. To date there is scant knowledge on prevalence, risk factors, and consequences of the condition. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of DRA during pregnancy and post partum, presence of possible risk factors, and the occurrence of lumbopelvic pain among women with and without DRA. METHODS This prospective cohort study followed 300 first-time pregnant women from pregnancy till 12 months post partum. Data were collected by electronic questionnaire and clinical examinations. DRA was defined as a palpated separation of ≥2 fingerbreadths either 4.5 cm above, at or 4.5 cm below the umbilicus. Women with and without DRA were compared with independent samples Student's t-test and χ(2)/Fisher exact test, and OR with significance level >0.05. RESULTS Prevalence of DRA was 33.1%, 60.0%, 45.4%, and 32.6% at gestation week 21, 6 weeks, 6 months and 12 months post partum, respectively. No difference in risk factors was found when comparing women with and without DRA. OR showed a greater likelihood for DRA among women reporting heavy lifting ≥20 times weekly (OR 2.18 95% CI 1.05 to 4.52). There was no difference in reported lumbopelvic pain (p=0.10) in women with and without DRA. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of mild DRA was high both during pregnancy and after childbirth. Women with and without DRA reported the same amount of lumbopelvic pain 12 months post partum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Merete Kolberg Tennfjord
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Gunvor Hilde
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Marie Ellström-Engh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kari Bø
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Camps SGJA, Verhoef SPM, Roumans N, Bouwman FG, Mariman ECM, Westerterp KR. Weight loss-induced changes in adipose tissue proteins associated with fatty acid and glucose metabolism correlate with adaptations in energy expenditure. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2015; 12:37. [PMID: 26500687 PMCID: PMC4619469 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-015-0034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Energy restriction causes adaptations in energy expenditure (total-,TEE; resting-,REE; activity induced-,AEE). Objective To determine if changes in the levels of proteins involved in adipocyte glucose and fatty acid metabolism as indicators for energy deficiency are related to adaptations in energy expenditure during weight loss. Methods Forty-eight healthy subjects (18 men, 30 women), mean ± SD age 42 ± 8 y and BMI 31.4 ± 2.8 kg/m2, followed a very low energy diet for 8 wk. Protein levels of fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), fructose-bisphosphate aldolase C (AldoC) and short chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HADHsc) (adipose tissue biopsy, western blot), TEE (doubly labeled water), REE (ventilated hood), and AEE were assessed before and after the 8-wk diet. Results There was a positive correlation between the decrease in AldoC and the decrease in TEE (R = 0.438, P < 0.01) and the decrease change in AEE (R = 0.439, P < 0.01). Furthermore, there was a negative correlation between the increases in HADHsc and the decrease in REE (R = 0.343, P < 0.05). Conclusion The decrease in AldoC correlated with the decrease in AEE, which may be explained by a decreased glycolytic flux. Additionally, the change in HADHsc, a crucial enzyme for a step in beta-oxidation, correlated with the adaptation in REE. Trial registration Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT01015508 at clinicaltrials.gov
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan G J A Camps
- Department of Human Biology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne P M Verhoef
- Department of Human Biology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nadia Roumans
- Department of Human Biology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Freek G Bouwman
- Department of Human Biology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin C M Mariman
- Department of Human Biology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas R Westerterp
- Department of Human Biology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Bhutani S, Racine N, Shriver T, Schoeller DA. Special Considerations for Measuring Energy Expenditure with Doubly Labeled Water under Atypical Conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 5. [PMID: 26962472 PMCID: PMC4780846 DOI: 10.4172/2165-7904.s5-002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The global increase in the prevalence of obesity has dramatically increased interest in understanding the factors that influence human total energy expenditure (TEE). This in turn has increased interest in the doubly labeled water (DLW) method, a technique for measurement of total energy expenditure in free-living humans. The increasing use of this method is attributed to its portability, objectivity, minimal invasiveness, high accuracy and good precision. Although a relatively standard protocol for the method has emerged, the new generation of users often is unfamiliar with rationale behind aspects of the protocol as well as the approaches to avoid or correct for in situations that are not covered by the standard protocol procedure. The primary uncommon situations like introduction of isotopically different diet and fluids with or without geographical relocation, seasonal and temperature variations, activity level of participants etc. during or prior to the DLW measurements can lead to shift in baseline abundance of 2H and 18O or tracer elimination, resulting in moderate to large errors in the measured TEE. These unique situations call for special modifications to the conventional protocol to minimize errors. The objective of the present review was to assemble a list of frequently asked questions and the issues they represent, and then examine the available literature to describe and explain the modifications to the standard DLW protocol to maintain the method's accuracy. This discussion of DLW protocol modification can be an excellent resource for investigators who intend to use this measurement technique for interesting and uncommon study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Bhutani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Natalie Racine
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Tim Shriver
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Dale A Schoeller
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
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Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery Increases Respiratory Quotient and Energy Expenditure during Food Intake. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129784. [PMID: 26098889 PMCID: PMC4476618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The mechanisms determining long-term weight maintenance after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) remain unclear. Cross sectional studies have suggested that enhanced energy expenditure (EE) may play a significant role and the aim of this study was to reveal the impact of RYGB on each major component constituting total EE. Design Six obese female subjects, without other co-morbidities, were assessed before and at 10 days, 3 and 20 months after RYGB. Indirect calorimetry in a metabolic chamber was used to assess 24h EE at each study visit. Other measurements included body composition by DEXA, gut hormone profiles and physical activity (PA) using high sensitivity accelerometers. Results Median Body Mass Index decreased from 41.1 (range 39.1-44.8) at baseline to 28 kg/m2 (range 22.3-30.3) after 20 months (p<0.05). Lean tissue decreased from 55.9 (range 47.5-59.3) to 49.5 (range 41.1-54.9) kg and adipose tissue from 61 (range 56-64.6) to 27 (range 12-34.3) kg (both p<0.05). PA over 24h did not change after surgery whereas 24h EE and basal metabolic rate (BMR) decreased. EE after a standard meal increased after surgery when adjusted for total tissue (p<0.05). After an initial drop, RQ (respiratory quotient) had increased at 20 months, both as measured during 24h and after food intake (p<0.05). Conclusion RYGB surgery up-regulates RQ and EE after food intake resulting in an increased contribution to total EE over 24h when corrected for total tissue.
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Daily physical activity as determined by age, body mass and energy balance. Eur J Appl Physiol 2015; 115:1177-84. [PMID: 25712831 PMCID: PMC4429144 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-015-3135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aim Insight into the determinants of physical activity, including age, body mass and energy balance, facilitates the design of intervention studies with body mass and energy balance as determinants of health and optimal performance. Methods An analysis of physical activity energy expenditure in relation to age and body mass and in relation to energy balance, where activity energy expenditure is derived from daily energy expenditure as measured with doubly labelled water and body movement is measured with accelerometers, was conducted in healthy subjects under daily living conditions over intervals of one or more weeks. Results Activity energy expenditure as a fraction of daily energy expenditure is highest in adults at the reproductive age. Then, activity energy expenditure is a function of fat-free mass. Excess body mass as fat does not affect daily activity energy expenditure, but body movement decreases with increasing fatness. Overweight and obesity possibly affect daily physical activity energy expenditure through endurance. Physical activity is affected by energy availability; a negative energy balance induces a reduction of activity expenditure. Conclusion Optimal performance and health require prevention of excess body fat and maintenance of energy balance, where energy balance determines physical activity rather than physical activity affecting energy balance.
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Workplace Sitting Breaks Questionnaire (SITBRQ): an assessment of concurrent validity and test-retest reliability. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:1249. [PMID: 25476788 PMCID: PMC4289328 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breaks in prolonged sitting may have beneficial cardiometabolic and musculoskeletal health outcomes. Desk-based work settings are an important environment to promote and support breaks in sitting time. However, few studies have reported the psychometric properties of self-report measures to assess the frequency and duration of breaks from sitting. This study examined the concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of the Workplace Sitting Breaks Questionnaire (SITBRQ) designed to assess frequency and duration of breaks in sitting within desk-based work settings. Methods To assess the concurrent validity, a sample of 147 desk-based employees completed the SITBRQ and wore an Actigraph GT1M accelerometer for seven consecutive days. To establish test-retest reliability, SITBRQ was administered on two separate occasions 7–14 days apart to a separate sample of 96 desk-based employees. Results A low relative agreement with accelerometry (Spearman’s r = 0.24 [95% CI 0.07 - 0.40]) was determined for self-reported frequency, but not for the duration of sitting breaks (Spearman’s r = 0.05 [95% CI −0.12 - 0.22]). Adequate reliability was determined for both self-reported frequency (Spearman’s r = 0.71 [95% CI 0.59 - 0.79], Cohen’s kappa = 0.74 [95% CI 0.64 - 0.84]) and duration of sitting breaks (Spearman’s r = 0.59 [95% CI 0.45 - 0.71], Cohen’s kappa = 0.61 [95% CI 0.38 - 0.85]). Conclusion SITBRQ may be used for assessment of the frequency of sitting breaks within desk-based work settings with validity and reliability similar to other self-reports in the field of sedentary behaviour research. However, until adequately improved and re-evaluated, it should not be used to collect data about the duration of breaks in sitting time. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-1249) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Pedišić Ž, Bauman A. Accelerometer-based measures in physical activity surveillance: current practices and issues. Br J Sports Med 2014; 49:219-23. [PMID: 25370153 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-093407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Self-reports of physical activity (PA) have been the mainstay of measurement in most non-communicable disease (NCD) surveillance systems. To these, other measures are added to summate to a comprehensive PA surveillance system. Recently, some national NCD surveillance systems have started using accelerometers as a measure of PA. The purpose of this paper was specifically to appraise the suitability and role of accelerometers for population-level PA surveillance. METHODS A thorough literature search was conducted to examine aspects of the generalisability, reliability, validity, comprehensiveness and between-study comparability of accelerometer estimates, and to gauge the simplicity, cost-effectiveness, adaptability and sustainability of their use in NCD surveillance. CONCLUSIONS Accelerometer data collected in PA surveillance systems may not provide estimates that are generalisable to the target population. Accelerometer-based estimates have adequate reliability for PA surveillance, but there are still several issues associated with their validity. Accelerometer-based prevalence estimates are largely dependent on the investigators' choice of intensity cut-off points. Maintaining standardised accelerometer data collections in long-term PA surveillance systems is difficult, which may cause discontinuity in time-trend data. The use of accelerometers does not necessarily produce useful between-study and international comparisons due to lack of standardisation of data collection and processing methods. To conclude, it appears that accelerometers still have limitations regarding generalisability, validity, comprehensiveness, simplicity, affordability, adaptability, between-study comparability and sustainability. Therefore, given the current evidence, it seems that the widespread adoption of accelerometers specifically for large-scale PA surveillance systems may be premature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Željko Pedišić
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Adrian Bauman
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Rognant N, Pouliquen É, Fave S, Jolivot A, Laville M. Activité physique et maladie rénale chronique : quelles relations en 2013 ? Nephrol Ther 2014; 10:86-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abeysekera MV, Morris JA, O'Sullivan AJ. Techniques to measure free-living energy expenditure during pregnancy - A guide for clinicians and researchers. Obstet Med 2014; 7:60-5. [PMID: 27512425 DOI: 10.1177/1753495x14528324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As maternal overweight and obesity increase in prevalence, the need to optimise gestational weight gain has entered the forefront due to the well-documented poor fetal and maternal outcomes associated with excess adipose tissue. Measurements of changes in energy expenditure form crucial components of effective weight management programmes, and they are also important for clarifying the energy requirements of pregnancy. This review evaluates the primary techniques for measuring free-living energy expenditure for use in pregnancy, with special consideration of the dynamic physiological changes that occur in this state. The methods that will be discussed include the doubly labelled water method, activity recall and activity logs, heart rate monitors and motion sensors. This article may be useful for clinicians seeking to implement active gestational weight management by enabling advice on increases in caloric intake linked to measured changes in energy expenditure, and for researchers studying energy metabolism in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoli V Abeysekera
- Departments of Endocrinology and Medicine, St. George Hospital and UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jack A Morris
- Departments of Endocrinology and Medicine, St. George Hospital and UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anthony J O'Sullivan
- Departments of Endocrinology and Medicine, St. George Hospital and UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Revisiting Ventilatory and Cardiovascular Predictions of Whole-Body Metabolic Rate. J Occup Environ Med 2014; 56:214-23. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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