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Gao Y, Bai Q, Zhang XC, Zhao Y. Structural insights into the allosteric effects of the antiepileptic drug topiramate on the Ca V2.3 channel. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 725:150271. [PMID: 38901222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The R-type voltage-gated calcium channel CaV2.3 is predominantly located in the presynapse and is implicated in distinct types of epileptic seizures. It has consequently emerged as a molecular target in seizure treatment. Here, we determined the cryo-EM structure of the CaV2.3-α2δ1-β1 complex in the topiramate-bound state at a 3.0 Å resolution. We provide a snapshot of the binding site of topiramate, a widely prescribed antiepileptic drug, on a voltage-gated ion channel. The binding site is located at an intracellular juxtamembrane hydrophilic cavity. Further structural analysis revealed that topiramate may allosterically facilitate channel inactivation. These findings provide fundamental insights into the mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of topiramate on CaV and NaV channels, elucidating a previously unseen modulator binding site and thus pointing toward a route for the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qinru Bai
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuejun Cai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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2
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Xu P, Swain S, Novorolsky RJ, Garcia E, Huang Z, Snutch TP, Wilson JJ, Robertson GS, Renden RB. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter inhibitor Ru265 increases neuronal excitability and reduces neurotransmission via off-target effects. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38779706 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Excitotoxicity due to mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) overloading can trigger neuronal cell death in a variety of pathologies. Inhibiting the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) has been proposed as a therapeutic avenue to prevent calcium overloading. Ru265 (ClRu(NH3)4(μ-N)Ru(NH3)4Cl]Cl3) is a cell-permeable inhibitor of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) with nanomolar affinity. Ru265 reduces sensorimotor deficits and neuronal death in models of ischemic stroke. However, the therapeutic use of Ru265 is limited by the induction of seizure-like behaviours. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We examined the effect of Ru265 on synaptic and neuronal function in acute brain slices and hippocampal neuron cultures derived from mice, in control and where MCU expression was genetically abrogated. KEY RESULTS Ru265 decreased evoked responses from calyx terminals and induced spontaneous action potential firing of both the terminal and postsynaptic principal cell. Recordings of presynaptic Ca2+ currents suggested that Ru265 blocks the P/Q type channel, confirmed by the inhibition of currents in cells exogenously expressing the P/Q type channel. Measurements of presynaptic K+ currents further revealed that Ru265 blocked a KCNQ current, leading to increased membrane excitability, underlying spontaneous spiking. Ca2+ imaging of hippocampal neurons showed that Ru265 increased synchronized, high-amplitude events, recapitulating seizure-like activity seen in vivo. Importantly, MCU ablation did not suppress Ru265-induced increases in neuronal activity and seizures. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the pro-convulsant effects of Ru265 and suggest counter screening assays based on the measurement of P/Q and KCNQ channel currents to identify safe MCU inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Sarpras Swain
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Robyn J Novorolsky
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Esperanza Garcia
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zhouyang Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Terrance P Snutch
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Justin J Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - George S Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Robert B Renden
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
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Su Y, Cao N, Zhang D, Wang M. The effect of ferroptosis-related mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of temporal lobe epilepsy. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102248. [PMID: 38408490 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of epileptic syndrome. It has been established that due to its complex pathogenesis, a considerable proportion of TLE patients often progress to drug-resistant epilepsy. Ferroptosis has emerged as an important neuronal death mechanism in TLE, which is primarily influenced by lipid accumulation and oxidative stress. In previous studies of ferroptosis, more attention has been focused on the impact of changes in the levels of proteins related to the redox equilibrium and signaling pathways on epileptic seizures. However, it is worth noting that the oxidative-reduction changes in different organelles may have different pathophysiological significance in the process of ferroptosis-related diseases. Mitochondria, as a key organelle involved in ferroptosis, its structural damage and functional impairment can lead to energy metabolism disorders and disruption of the excitatory inhibitory balance, significantly increasing the susceptibility to epileptic seizures. Therefore, secondary mitochondrial dysfunction in the process of ferroptosis could play a crucial role in TLE pathogenesis. This review focuses on ferroptosis and mitochondria, discussing the pathogenic role of ferroptosis-related mitochondrial dysfunction in TLE, thus aiming to provide novel insights and potential implications of ferroptosis-related secondary mitochondrial dysfunction in epileptic seizures and to offer new insights for the precise exploration of ferroptosis-related therapeutic targets for TLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Su
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China
| | - Ningrui Cao
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minjin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China; Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China.
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4
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Chen F, Dong X, Wang Z, Wu T, Wei L, Li Y, Zhang K, Ma Z, Tian C, Li J, Zhao J, Zhang W, Liu A, Shen H. Regulation of specific abnormal calcium signals in the hippocampal CA1 and primary cortex M1 alleviates the progression of temporal lobe epilepsy. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:425-433. [PMID: 37488907 PMCID: PMC10503629 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.379048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy is a multifactorial neurological dysfunction syndrome that is refractory, resistant to antiepileptic drugs, and has a high recurrence rate. The pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy is complex and is not fully understood. Intracellular calcium dynamics have been implicated in temporal lobe epilepsy. However, the effect of fluctuating calcium activity in CA1 pyramidal neurons on temporal lobe epilepsy is unknown, and no longitudinal studies have investigated calcium activity in pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 and primary motor cortex M1 of freely moving mice. In this study, we used a multi-channel fiber photometry system to continuously record calcium signals in CA1 and M1 during the temporal lobe epilepsy process. We found that calcium signals varied according to the grade of temporal lobe epilepsy episodes. In particular, cortical spreading depression, which has recently been frequently used to represent the continuously and substantially increased calcium signals, was found to correspond to complex and severe behavioral characteristics of temporal lobe epilepsy ranging from grade II to grade V. However, vigorous calcium oscillations and highly synchronized calcium signals in CA1 and M1 were strongly related to convulsive motor seizures. Chemogenetic inhibition of pyramidal neurons in CA1 significantly attenuated the amplitudes of the calcium signals corresponding to grade I episodes. In addition, the latency of cortical spreading depression was prolonged, and the above-mentioned abnormal calcium signals in CA1 and M1 were also significantly reduced. Intriguingly, it was possible to rescue the altered intracellular calcium dynamics. Via simultaneous analysis of calcium signals and epileptic behaviors, we found that the progression of temporal lobe epilepsy was alleviated when specific calcium signals were reduced, and that the end-point behaviors of temporal lobe epilepsy were improved. Our results indicate that the calcium dynamic between CA1 and M1 may reflect specific epileptic behaviors corresponding to different grades. Furthermore, the selective regulation of abnormal calcium signals in CA1 pyramidal neurons appears to effectively alleviate temporal lobe epilepsy, thereby providing a potential molecular mechanism for a new temporal lobe epilepsy diagnosis and treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xi Dong
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenhuan Wang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tongrui Wu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liangpeng Wei
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zengguang Ma
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Tian
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyu Zhao
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Aili Liu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Rubio C, Gallardo N, Mena V, Portilla A, Rubio-Osornio M. The Participation of Ca 2+ Channels in Epilepsy: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Scientific Literature in Latin America. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:784-790. [PMID: 37202887 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230518115952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bibliometric analysis allows us to quantify and evaluate scientific activity, and it has become increasingly important in all areas of scientific literature. Thanks to these analyses, we can infer where science should put greater efforts into elucidating the underlying mechanisms of diseases that have yet to be fully described or investigated. OBJECTIVE This paper delves into published articles related to the involvement of calcium (Ca2+) channels in epilepsy, which is a condition with a high prevalence in Latin America. METHODS We followed the scientific publication on SCOPUS and analyzed the impact of publications from Latin America in the field of epilepsy and the study of Ca2+ channels. We identified the countries with the largest number of publications and found that 68% of them were experimental (animal models), while 32% were clinical. We also identified the main journals, growth over time, and citation numbers. RESULTS We found a total of 226 works produced by Latin American countries from 1976 to 2022. The countries that have contributed the most to the topic are Brazil, Mexico, and Argentina, with occasional collaborations between them to make contributions to the study of epilepsy and Ca2+ channels. Additionally, we found that the journal with the most citations is Nature Genetics. CONCLUSION The number of authors per article ranges from 1 to 242, and neuroscience journals are the preferred target for researchers, with a predilection for publishing original articles, although 26% of the publications are review articles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Rubio
- Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "MVS" Ciudad de México, México
| | - Noel Gallardo
- Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "MVS" Ciudad de México, México
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Facultad de Medicina, Puebla. Mexico
| | - Vanessa Mena
- Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "MVS" Ciudad de México, México
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Unidad Valle Dorado, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Baja California, México
| | - Alonso Portilla
- Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "MVS" Ciudad de México, México
| | - Moisés Rubio-Osornio
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "MVS" Ciudad de México, México
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6
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Taheri M, Pourtavakoli A, Eslami S, Ghafouri-Fard S, Sayad A. Assessment of expression of calcium signaling related lncRNAs in epilepsy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17993. [PMID: 37865723 PMCID: PMC10590428 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45341-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium signaling is a metabolic pathway that is essential in neurons development and can be involved in the pathobiology of epilepsy. We assessed expression of three mRNA coding gene (SLC1A1, SLC25A12, and ATP2B2) and three related long non-coding RNAs (LINC01231:1, lnc-SLC25A12-8:1 and lnc-MTR-1:1) from this pathway in 39 patients with refractory epilepsy and 71 healthy controls. Expression of all genes except for lnc-SLC25A12 was higher in total epileptic cases compared with controls (P values = 0.0002, < 0.0001, < 0.0001, 0.049 and 0.0005 for SLC1A1, SLC25A12, LINC01231, ATP2B2 and lnc-MTR-1, respectively. When we separately compared expression of genes among males and females, SLC1A1, SLC25A12, LINC01231 and lnc-MTR-1 showed up-regulation in male cases compared with male controls. Moreover, expressions of SLC1A1 and SLC25A12 were higher in female cases compared with female controls. Remarkably, SLC25A12 was found to have the highest sensitivity value (= 1) for differentiation of epileptic cases from controls. Moreover, lnc-MTR-1 and lnc-SLC25A12 were sensitive markers for such purpose (sensitivity values = 0.89 and 0.87, respectively). The highest value belonged to LINC01231 with the value of 0.76. Taken together, this study demonstrates dysregulation of calcium-signaling related genes in epileptic patients and suggests these genes as potential biomarkers for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashkan Pourtavakoli
- Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solat Eslami
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Arezou Sayad
- Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Casillas-Espinosa PM, Lin R, Li R, Nandakumar NM, Dawson G, Braine EL, Martin B, Powell KL, O'Brien TJ. Effects of the T-type calcium channel Ca V3.2 R1584P mutation on absence seizure susceptibility in GAERS and NEC congenic rats models. Neurobiol Dis 2023:106217. [PMID: 37391087 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Low-voltage-activated or T-type Ca2+ channels play a key role in the generation of seizures in absence epilepsy. We have described a homozygous, gain of function substitution mutation (R1584P) in the CaV3.2 T-type Ca2+ channel gene (Cacna1h) in the Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS). The non-epileptic control (NEC) rats, derived from the same original Wistar strains as GAERS but selectively in-breed not to express seizures, are null for the R1584P mutation. To study the effects of this mutation in rats who otherwise have a GAERS or NEC genetic background, we bred congenic GAERS-Cacna1hNEC (GAERS null for R1584P mutation) and congenic NEC-Cacna1hGAERS (NEC homozygous for R1584P mutation) and evaluated the seizure and behavioral phenotype of these strains in comparison to the original GAERS and NEC strains. METHODS To evaluate seizure expression in the congenic strains, EEG electrodes were implanted in NEC, GAERS, GAERS-Cacna1hNEC without the R1584P mutation, and NEC-Cacna1hGAERS with the R1584P mutation rats. In the first study, continuous EEG recordings were acquired from week 4 (when seizures begin to develop in GAERS) to week 14 of age (when GAERS display hundreds of seizures per day). In the second study, the seizure and behavioral phenotype of GAERS and NEC-Cacna1hGAERS strains were evaluated during young age (6 weeks of age) and adulthood (16 weeks of age) of GAERS, NEC, GAERS-Cacna1hNEC and NEC-Cacna1hGAERS. The Open field test (OFT) and sucrose preference test (SPT) were performed to evaluate anxiety-like and depressive-like behavior, respectively. This was followed by EEG recordings at 18 weeks of age to quantify the seizures, and spike-wave discharge (SWD) cycle frequency. At the end of the study, the whole thalamus was collected for T-type calcium channel mRNA expression analysis. RESULTS GAERS had a significantly shorter latency to first seizures and an increased number of seizures per day compared to GAERS-Cacna1hNEC. On the other hand, the presence of the R1584P mutation in the NEC-Cacna1hGAERS was not enough to generate spontaneous seizures in their seizure-resistant background. 6 and 16-week-old GAERS and GAERS-Cacna1hNEC rats showed anxiety-like behavior in the OFT, in contrast to NEC and NEC-Cacna1hGAERS. Results from the SPT showed that the GAERS developed depressive-like in the SPT compared to GAERS-Cacna1hNEC, NEC, and NEC-Cacna1hGAERS. Analysis of the EEG at 18 weeks of age showed that the GAERS had an increased number of seizures per day, increased total seizure duration and a higher cycle frequency of SWD relative to GAERS-Cacna1hNEC. However, the average seizure duration was not significantly different between strains. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that the T-type Ca2+ channel isoform CaV3.2 channel expression was significantly increased in GAERS compared to NEC, GAERS-Cacna1hNEC and NEC-Cacna1hGAERS. The presence of the R1584P mutation increased the total ratio of CaV3.2 + 25/-25 splice variants in GAERS and NEC-Cacna1hGAERS compared to NEC and GAERS-Cacna1hNEC. DISCUSSION The data from this study demonstrate that the R1584P mutation in isolation on a seizure-resistant NEC genetic background was insufficient to generate absence seizures, and that a GAERS genetic background can cause seizures even without the mutation. However, the study provides evidence that the R1584P mutation acts as a modulator of seizures development and expression, and depressive-like behavior in the SPT, but not the anxiety phenotype of the GAERS model of absence epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo M Casillas-Espinosa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia; Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Runxuan Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nanditha M Nandakumar
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Victoria, Australia
| | - Georgia Dawson
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma L Braine
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Benoît Martin
- Univ Rennes, INSERM, LTSI - UMR 1099, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Kim L Powell
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia; Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Victoria, Australia.
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8
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Sun S, Wang H. Clocking Epilepsies: A Chronomodulated Strategy-Based Therapy for Rhythmic Seizures. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044223. [PMID: 36835631 PMCID: PMC9962262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by hypersynchronous recurrent neuronal activities and seizures, as well as loss of muscular control and sometimes awareness. Clinically, seizures have been reported to display daily variations. Conversely, circadian misalignment and circadian clock gene variants contribute to epileptic pathogenesis. Elucidation of the genetic bases of epilepsy is of great importance because the genetic variability of the patients affects the efficacies of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). For this narrative review, we compiled 661 epilepsy-related genes from the PHGKB and OMIM databases and classified them into 3 groups: driver genes, passenger genes, and undetermined genes. We discuss the potential roles of some epilepsy driver genes based on GO and KEGG analyses, the circadian rhythmicity of human and animal epilepsies, and the mutual effects between epilepsy and sleep. We review the advantages and challenges of rodents and zebrafish as animal models for epileptic studies. Finally, we posit chronomodulated strategy-based chronotherapy for rhythmic epilepsies, integrating several lines of investigation for unraveling circadian mechanisms underpinning epileptogenesis, chronopharmacokinetic and chronopharmacodynamic examinations of AEDs, as well as mathematical/computational modeling to help develop time-of-day-specific AED dosing schedules for rhythmic epilepsy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Sun
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Han Wang
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +86-186-0512-8971
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9
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Zhou X, Chen Z, Xiao L, Zhong Y, Liu Y, Wu J, Tao H. Intracellular calcium homeostasis and its dysregulation underlying epileptic seizures. Seizure 2022; 103:126-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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10
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Vinci M, Kursula P, Greco D, Elia M, Vetri L, Schepis C, Chiavetta V, Donadio S, Roccella M, Carotenuto M, Romano V, Calì F. Exome sequencing in a child with neurodevelopmental disorder and epilepsy: Variant analysis of the AHNAK2 gene. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 10:e2012. [PMID: 35789128 PMCID: PMC9482394 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The AHNAK2 gene encodes a large nucleoprotein expressed in several tissues, including brain, squamous epithelia, smooth muscle, and neuropil. Its role in calcium signaling has been suggested and to date, clear evidence about its involvement in the pathogenesis of clinical disorders is still lacking. Methods Here, we report a female 24‐year‐old patient diagnosed with a cardio‐facio‐cutaneous‐like phenotype (CFC‐like), characterized by epilepsy, psychomotor development delay, atopic dermatitis, congenital heart disease, hypotonia, and facial dysmorphism, who is compound heterozygote for two missense mutations in the AHNAK2 gene detected by exome sequencing. Results This patient had no detectable variant in any of the genes known to be associated with the cardio‐facio‐cutaneous syndrome. Moreover, the mode of inheritance does not appear to be autosomal dominant, as it is in typical CFC syndrome. We have performed in silico assessment of mutation severity separately for each missense mutation, but this analysis excludes a severe effect on protein function. Protein structure predictions indicate the mutations are located in flexible regions possibly involved in molecular interactions. Conclusion We discuss an alternative interpretation on the potential involvement of the two missense mutations in the AHNAK2 gene on the expression of CFC‐like phenotype in this patient based on inter‐allelic complementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petri Kursula
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Biocenter Oulu & Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | | | - Luigi Vetri
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | | | | | - Serena Donadio
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Michele Roccella
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Carotenuto
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Valentino Romano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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11
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Evaluation of potential anticonvulsant fluorinated N-benzamide enaminones as T-type Ca 2+ channel blockers. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 65:116766. [PMID: 35537326 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Trifluoromethylated N-benzamide enaminones have been identified as potential anticonvulsants for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy. T-type Ca2+ channels are an important target for anti-seizure medications. Our laboratory has developed several fluorinated N-benzamide enaminone analogs that were evaluated by their ability to target T-type Ca2+ channels. Using whole cell voltage-clamp recordings, we identified two meta-trifluoromethyl N-benzamide enaminones with a significant inhibitory effect on T-type Ca2+ channels. These compounds had no effect on voltage-activated Na+ channels. We also evaluated the effect of the fluorinated N-benzamide enaminone analogs on the T-type Ca2+ channel subunits Cav3.2 and Cav3.3. The meta-trifluoromethyl N-benzamide enaminone lead analogs altered the steady-state inactivation of Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channels, which resulted in a significant increase in the inactivation recovery time of the channels. There was no effect of fluorinated N-benzamide enaminone analogs on the gating mechanism of T-type Ca2+ channels, as proven by the lack of effect on the activation and inactivation time constant of Ca2+ currents. On the contrary, the meta-trifluoromethyl N-benzamide enaminone lead analogs altered the gating mechanism of Cav3.3 T-type Ca2+ channels, as proven by the reduction in the activation and inactivation time constant of the channels. There was no effect on the inactivation kinetics of Cav3.3 T-type Ca2+ channels. The present results demonstrate that meta-substituted trifluoromethyl N-benzamide enaminone analogs target T-type Ca2+ channels by different mechanisms depending on the channel subunit. Meta-trifluoromethyl N-benzamide enaminone analogs can potentially lead to the design of more specific blockers of T-type Ca2+ channels for the treatment of epileptic seizures.
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12
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Trevisan G, Oliveira SM. Animal Venom Peptides Cause Antinociceptive Effects by Voltage-gated Calcium Channels Activity Blockage. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1579-1599. [PMID: 34259147 PMCID: PMC9881091 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210713121217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is a complex phenomenon that is usually unpleasant and aversive. It can range widely in intensity, quality, and duration and has diverse pathophysiologic mechanisms and meanings. Voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels are essential to transmitting painful stimuli from the periphery until the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Thus, blocking voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) can effectively control pain refractory to treatments currently used in the clinic, such as cancer and neuropathic pain. VGCCs blockers isolated of cobra Naja naja kaouthia (α-cobratoxin), spider Agelenopsis aperta (ω-Agatoxin IVA), spider Phoneutria nigriventer (PhTx3.3, PhTx3.4, PhTx3.5, PhTx3.6), spider Hysterocrates gigas (SNX-482), cone snails Conus geographus (GVIA), Conus magus (MVIIA or ziconotide), Conus catus (CVID, CVIE and CVIF), Conus striatus (SO- 3), Conus fulmen (FVIA), Conus moncuri (MoVIA and MoVIB), Conus regularis (RsXXIVA), Conus eburneus (Eu1.6), Conus victoriae (Vc1.1.), Conus regius (RgIA), and spider Ornithoctonus huwena (huwentoxin-I and huwentoxin-XVI) venoms caused antinociceptive effects in different acute and chronic pain models. Currently, ziconotide is the only clinical used N-type VGCCs blocker peptide for chronic intractable pain. However, ziconotide causes different adverse effects, and the intrathecal route of administration also impairs its use in a more significant number of patients. In this sense, peptides isolated from animal venoms or their synthetic forms that act by modulating or blocking VGCCs channels seem to be a relevant prototype for developing new analgesics efficacious and well tolerated by patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Trevisan
- Graduated Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; ,Address correspondence to these authors at the Graduated Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 1000, building 21, room 5207, Zip code: 97105-900 Santa Maria (RS), Brazil; E-mails: , and Graduated Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 1000, building 18, room 2203, Zip code: 97105-900 Santa Maria (RS), Brazil;, E-mail:
| | - Sara Marchesan Oliveira
- Graduated Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil,Address correspondence to these authors at the Graduated Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 1000, building 21, room 5207, Zip code: 97105-900 Santa Maria (RS), Brazil; E-mails: , and Graduated Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 1000, building 18, room 2203, Zip code: 97105-900 Santa Maria (RS), Brazil;, E-mail:
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13
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Abstract
Drug-resistant epilepsy is associated with poor health outcomes and increased economic burden. In the last three decades, various new antiseizure medications have been developed, but the proportion of people with drug-resistant epilepsy remains relatively unchanged. Developing strategies to address drug-resistant epilepsy is essential. Here, we define drug-resistant epilepsy and emphasize its relationship to the conceptualization of epilepsy as a symptom complex, delineate clinical risk factors, and characterize mechanisms based on current knowledge. We address the importance of ruling out pseudoresistance and consider the impact of nonadherence on determining whether an individual has drug-resistant epilepsy. We then review the principles of epilepsy drug therapy and briefly touch upon newly approved and experimental antiseizure medications.
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14
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Lanzetti S, Di Biase V. Small Molecules as Modulators of Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels in Neurological Disorders: State of the Art and Perspectives. Molecules 2022; 27:1312. [PMID: 35209100 PMCID: PMC8879281 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) are widely expressed in the brain, heart and vessels, smooth and skeletal muscle, as well as in endocrine cells. VGCCs mediate gene transcription, synaptic and neuronal structural plasticity, muscle contraction, the release of hormones and neurotransmitters, and membrane excitability. Therefore, it is not surprising that VGCC dysfunction results in severe pathologies, such as cardiovascular conditions, neurological and psychiatric disorders, altered glycemic levels, and abnormal smooth muscle tone. The latest research findings and clinical evidence increasingly show the critical role played by VGCCs in autism spectrum disorders, Parkinson's disease, drug addiction, pain, and epilepsy. These findings outline the importance of developing selective calcium channel inhibitors and modulators to treat such prevailing conditions of the central nervous system. Several small molecules inhibiting calcium channels are currently used in clinical practice to successfully treat pain and cardiovascular conditions. However, the limited palette of molecules available and the emerging extent of VGCC pathophysiology require the development of additional drugs targeting these channels. Here, we provide an overview of the role of calcium channels in neurological disorders and discuss possible strategies to generate novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valentina Di Biase
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr Strasse 1, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
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15
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Ben-Shalom R, Ladd A, Artherya NS, Cross C, Kim KG, Sanghevi H, Korngreen A, Bouchard KE, Bender KJ. NeuroGPU: Accelerating multi-compartment, biophysically detailed neuron simulations on GPUs. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 366:109400. [PMID: 34728257 PMCID: PMC9887806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The membrane potential of individual neurons depends on a large number of interacting biophysical processes operating on spatial-temporal scales spanning several orders of magnitude. The multi-scale nature of these processes dictates that accurate prediction of membrane potentials in specific neurons requires the utilization of detailed simulations. Unfortunately, constraining parameters within biologically detailed neuron models can be difficult, leading to poor model fits. This obstacle can be overcome partially by numerical optimization or detailed exploration of parameter space. However, these processes, which currently rely on central processing unit (CPU) computation, often incur orders of magnitude increases in computing time for marginal improvements in model behavior. As a result, model quality is often compromised to accommodate compute resources. NEW METHOD Here, we present a simulation environment, NeuroGPU, that takes advantage of the inherent parallelized structure of the graphics processing unit (GPU) to accelerate neuronal simulation. RESULTS & COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS NeuroGPU can simulate most biologically detailed models 10-200 times faster than NEURON simulation running on a single core and 5 times faster than GPU simulators (CoreNEURON). NeuroGPU is designed for model parameter tuning and best performs when the GPU is fully utilized by running multiple (> 100) instances of the same model with different parameters. When using multiple GPUs, NeuroGPU can reach to a speed-up of 800 fold compared to single core simulations, especially when simulating the same model morphology with different parameters. We demonstrate the power of NeuoGPU through large-scale parameter exploration to reveal the response landscape of a neuron. Finally, we accelerate numerical optimization of biophysically detailed neuron models to achieve highly accurate fitting of models to simulation and experimental data. CONCLUSIONS Thus, NeuroGPU is the fastest available platform that enables rapid simulation of multi-compartment, biophysically detailed neuron models on commonly used computing systems accessible by many scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Ben-Shalom
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States,MIND Institute University of California, Davis, CA, United States,Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, United States,Correspondence to: University of California, Davis MIND Institute Wet Lab 2805 50th Street, Room 2460 Sacramento, CA 95817, United States., (R. Ben-Shalom), (K.J. Bender)
| | - Alexander Ladd
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Nikhil S. Artherya
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Christopher Cross
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kyung Geun Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Hersh Sanghevi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Alon Korngreen
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel,The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Kristofer E. Bouchard
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, United States,Hellen Wills Neuroscience Institute & Redwood Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Kevin J. Bender
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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16
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Enhancing the Anticonvulsant Effects of Nifedipine in Rats Through Encapsulation with Water-Soluble β-Cyclodextrin Polymer. Pharm Chem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-021-02532-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Alehabib E, Esmaeilizadeh Z, Ranji-Burachaloo S, Tafakhori A, Darvish H, Movafagh A. Clinical and molecular spectrum of P/Q type calcium channel Cav2.1 in epileptic patients. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:461. [PMID: 34727962 PMCID: PMC8562004 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-02101-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by the potential to induce seizure and accompanied by cognitive, psychological, and social consequences. CACNA1A gene is a voltage-gated P/Q-type Cav2.1 channel that is broadly expressed in the central nervous system, and the pathogenic variants within this gene may be associated with the epileptic phenotype. In the present study, we collected clinical and molecular data related to epileptic patients with CACNA1A pathogenic variants and investigated possible meaningful relationship between age at onset, neurodevelopmental disorders, type of seizures, brain imaging abnormalities, genotype, and protein domains. Results In our retrospective literature studies, from among 890 articles reviewed, a total of 90 individuals were related to epilepsy phenotype. Our findings showed that about 90 percent of patients have shown the first symptoms in childhood and teenage years and different types of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as intellectual disability, developmental arrest, and behavioral disorders, have been common findings for these patients. Further, a wide range of abnormalities have been observed in their brain imaging, and generalized seizures have been the most type of seizures in these patients. However, our data showed no specific genotype–phenotype correlation in epileptic patients with CACNA1A pathogenic alterations. Conclusions Our study focused on epileptic phenotype in patients with CACNA1A pathogenic variants and showed a wide range of clinical and molecular heterogeneity with no specific genotype–phenotype correlation. It seems that incomplete penetrance, de-novo variants, and modifier genes are obstacles in predicting the clinical outcome. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-021-02101-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Alehabib
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Esmaeilizadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Ranji-Burachaloo
- Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Tafakhori
- Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Darvish
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Movafagh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Zimmer TS, David B, Broekaart DWM, Schidlowski M, Ruffolo G, Korotkov A, van der Wel NN, van Rijen PC, Mühlebner A, van Hecke W, Baayen JC, Idema S, François L, van Eyll J, Dedeurwaerdere S, Kessels HW, Surges R, Rüber T, Gorter JA, Mills JD, van Vliet EA, Aronica E. Seizure-mediated iron accumulation and dysregulated iron metabolism after status epilepticus and in temporal lobe epilepsy. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 142:729-759. [PMID: 34292399 PMCID: PMC8423709 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02348-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal dysfunction due to iron accumulation in conjunction with reactive oxygen species (ROS) could represent an important, yet underappreciated, component of the epileptogenic process. However, to date, alterations in iron metabolism in the epileptogenic brain have not been addressed in detail. Iron-related neuropathology and antioxidant metabolic processes were investigated in resected brain tissue from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and hippocampal sclerosis (TLE-HS), post-mortem brain tissue from patients who died after status epilepticus (SE) as well as brain tissue from the electrically induced SE rat model of TLE. Magnetic susceptibility of the presumed seizure-onset zone from three patients with focal epilepsy was compared during and after seizure activity. Finally, the cellular effects of iron overload were studied in vitro using an acute mouse hippocampal slice preparation and cultured human fetal astrocytes. While iron-accumulating neurons had a pyknotic morphology, astrocytes appeared to acquire iron-sequestrating capacity as indicated by prominent ferritin expression and iron retention in the hippocampus of patients with SE or TLE. Interictal to postictal comparison revealed increased magnetic susceptibility in the seizure-onset zone of epilepsy patients. Post-SE rats had consistently higher hippocampal iron levels during the acute and chronic phase (when spontaneous recurrent seizures are evident). In vitro, in acute slices that were exposed to iron, neurons readily took up iron, which was exacerbated by induced epileptiform activity. Human astrocyte cultures challenged with iron and ROS increased their antioxidant and iron-binding capacity, but simultaneously developed a pro-inflammatory phenotype upon chronic exposure. These data suggest that seizure-mediated, chronic neuronal iron uptake might play a role in neuronal dysfunction/loss in TLE-HS. On the other hand, astrocytes sequester iron, specifically in chronic epilepsy. This function might transform astrocytes into a highly resistant, pro-inflammatory phenotype potentially contributing to pro-epileptogenic inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till S Zimmer
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bastian David
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Diede W M Broekaart
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Schidlowski
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriele Ruffolo
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Anatoly Korotkov
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole N van der Wel
- Department Cell Biology and Histology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department Electron Microscopy Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C van Rijen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Centre, Rudolf Magnus Institute for Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Angelika Mühlebner
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim van Hecke
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes C Baayen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Idema
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth François
- Neurosciences Therapeutic Area, UCB Pharma, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Jonathan van Eyll
- Neurosciences Therapeutic Area, UCB Pharma, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | | | - Helmut W Kessels
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Surges
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Theodor Rüber
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan A Gorter
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James D Mills
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL, London, UK
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, UK
| | - Erwin A van Vliet
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, The Netherlands.
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19
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Iizumi M, Oota-Ishigaki A, Yamashita M, Hayashi T. Reduced Effect of Anticonvulsants on AMPA Receptor Palmitoylation-Deficient Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:711737. [PMID: 34483921 PMCID: PMC8416418 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.711737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AMPA receptors are responsible for fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the mammalian brain. Post-translational protein S-palmitoylation of AMPA receptor subunits GluA1-4 reversibly regulates synaptic AMPA receptor expression, resulting in long-lasting changes in excitatory synaptic strengths. Our previous studies have shown that GluA1 C-terminal palmitoylation-deficient (GluA1C811S) mice exhibited hyperexcitability in the cerebrum and elevated seizure susceptibility without affecting brain structure or basal synaptic transmission. Moreover, some inhibitory GABAergic synapses-targeting anticonvulsants, such as valproic acid, phenobarbital, and diazepam, had less effect on these AMPA receptor palmitoylation-deficient mutant mice. This work explores pharmacological effect of voltage-gated ion channel-targeted anticonvulsants, phenytoin and trimethadione, on GluA1C811S mice. Similar to GABAergic synapses-targeting anticonvulsants, anticonvulsive effects were also reduced for both sodium channel- and calcium channel-blocking anticonvulsants, which suppress excess excitation. These data strongly suggest that the GluA1C811S mice generally underlie the excessive excitability in response to seizure-inducing stimulation. AMPA receptor palmitoylation site could be a novel target to develop unprecedented type of anticonvulsants and GluA1C811S mice are suitable as a model animal for broadly evaluating pharmacological effectiveness of antiepileptic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madoka Iizumi
- National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Japan
| | - Akiko Oota-Ishigaki
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mariko Yamashita
- National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Japan
| | - Takashi Hayashi
- National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Japan.,Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
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20
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Qureshi I, Riaz A, Khan R, Baig M, Rajput MA. Effects of Pregabalin, Nimodipine, and Their Combination in the Inhibition of Status Epilepticus and the Prevention of Death in Mice. Turk J Pharm Sci 2021; 18:398-404. [PMID: 34496479 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2020.95776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The current study aims to evaluate the combined antiepileptic effects of pregabalin (PGB) and nimodipine (NMD) in an acute seizure model of epilepsy in mice. Materials and Methods This study assessed the combined antiepileptic effects of PGB with NMD on death protection in mice. Pentylenetetrazole was used to induce seizures. Both drugs were used singly and in combination to judge anticonvulsant effects on an acute seizure model of epilepsy in mice. Diazepam (DZ) and valproate (VPT) were used as standard antiepileptic drugs. Results The death protection in mice by both these drugs was observed in percentage and deliberated as marked change when the outcome of the tested drug was equal to ED50 of PGB and measured highly marked when the result was more than ED50 for PGB. Treatment with pregabalin and nimodipine combination revealed substantial mortality protection at 30+2.5 mg/kg dose and highly marked at doses from 35+5 mg/kg to 55+15 mg/kg, these effects were superior to individual effects of PGB, showing synergism, however lesser then classic drugs valproate and diazepam. Conclusion NMD showed synergistic anticonvulsant effect with PGB. However, clinical studies are required to establish the effectiveness of this combination in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itefaq Qureshi
- University of Karachi, Department of Pharmacology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Azra Riaz
- University of Karachi, Department of Pharmacology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rafeeq Khan
- Ziauddin University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Moona Baig
- University of Karachi, Department of Pharmacology, Karachi, Pakistan
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21
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Papazoglou A, Henseler C, Broich K, Daubner J, Weiergräber M. Breeding of Ca v2.3 deficient mice reveals Mendelian inheritance in contrast to complex inheritance in Ca v3.2 null mutant breeding. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13972. [PMID: 34234221 PMCID: PMC8263769 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93391-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
High voltage-activated Cav2.3 R-type Ca2+ channels and low voltage-activated Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channels were reported to be involved in numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes. Many of these findings are based on studies in Cav2.3 and Cav3.2 deficient mice. Recently, it has been proposed that inbreeding of Cav2.3 and Cav3.2 deficient mice exhibits significant deviation from Mendelian inheritance and might be an indication for potential prenatal lethality in these lines. In our study, we analyzed 926 offspring from Cav3.2 breedings and 1142 offspring from Cav2.3 breedings. Our results demonstrate that breeding of Cav2.3 deficient mice shows typical Mendelian inheritance and that there is no indication of prenatal lethality. In contrast, Cav3.2 breeding exhibits a complex inheritance pattern. It might be speculated that the differences in inheritance, particularly for Cav2.3 breeding, are related to other factors, such as genetic specificities of the mutant lines, compensatory mechanisms and altered sperm activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Papazoglou
- Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christina Henseler
- Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl Broich
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175, Bonn, Germany
| | - Johanna Daubner
- Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marco Weiergräber
- Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175, Bonn, Germany.
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22
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Ion channelopathies to bridge molecular lesions, channel function, and clinical therapies. Pflugers Arch 2021; 472:733-738. [PMID: 32607810 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02424-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Geng Q, Li H, Zhang H, Lu M, Liu J, Wang F, Shen H, Yamoah EN, Jia Z, Lv P. Association between Ca v3 channel upregulation in spiral ganglion neurons and age-dependent hearing loss. Exp Gerontol 2021; 151:111429. [PMID: 34052348 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cav3 channels play a critical role in maintaining calcium homeostasis, and its dysregulation is related to age-related diseases, such as age-related hearing loss (AHL). However, the underlying mechanism of the Cav3 channels involved in AHL remains unknown. Previous studies have shown that the degeneration of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) plays a critical role in AHL. Here, we explored the involvement of Cav3 channels in the dysregulation of SGNs in AHL. We used C57BL/6 mice as the AHL mouse model and found that the expression of Cav3 channels was increased in SGNs associated with age. The three subtypes of Cav3 channels were present in the apical, middle, and basal SGNs from young and older (AHL) mice. The immunostaining data suggest that Cav3.1 and Cav3.2 may contribute to Cav3 upregulation in SGNs of AHL mice. Additionally, we found that calpain-2 and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) were activated in SGNs from AHL mice. The inhibition of Cav3 channels or calpain-2 reduced AIF-activation in SGNs may affect neuronal survival. In conclusion, the findings suggest that Cav3 channels are upregulated in SGNs from AHL mice that may contribute to the degeneration of SGNs through the calpain-2-AIF apoptosis pathway in AHL mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaowei Geng
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, PR China; Center for Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation, Institute of Medical Science and Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050017, PR China
| | - Hongchen Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, PR China; Center for Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation, Institute of Medical Science and Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050017, PR China
| | - Haiwei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, PR China; Center for Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation, Institute of Medical Science and Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050017, PR China
| | - Mingshun Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, PR China; Center for Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation, Institute of Medical Science and Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050017, PR China
| | - Jiaxi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, PR China; Center for Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation, Institute of Medical Science and Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050017, PR China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, PR China; Center for Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation, Institute of Medical Science and Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050017, PR China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Lab of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, PR China
| | - Ebenezer N Yamoah
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, United States
| | - Zhanfeng Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, PR China; Center for Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation, Institute of Medical Science and Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050017, PR China
| | - Ping Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, PR China; Center for Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation, Institute of Medical Science and Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050017, PR China
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Pulvirenti G, Caccamo M, Lo Bianco M, Mazzurco M, Praticò ER, Giallongo A, Gangi G, Zanghì A, Falsaperla R. Calcium Channels Genes and Their Epilepsy Phenotypes. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1728684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCalcium (Ca2+) channel gene mutations play an important role in the pathogenesis of neurological episodic disorders like epilepsy. CACNA1A and CACNA1H genes are involved in the synthesis of calcium channels. Mutations in the α1A subunit of the P/Q type voltage-gated calcium channel gene (CACNA1A) located in 19p13.13, which encodes for the transmembrane pore-forming subunit of CAV2.1 voltage-dependent calcium channel, have been correlated to a large clinical spectrum of epilepsy such as idiopathic genetic epilepsy, early infantile epilepsy, and febrile seizures. Moreover, CACNA1A mutations have been demonstrated to be involved in spinocerebellar ataxia type 6, familiar hemiplegic migraine, episodic ataxia type 2, early-onset encephalopathy, and hemiconvulsion–hemiplegia epilepsy syndrome. This wide phenotype heterogeneity associated with CACNA1A mutations is correlated to different clinical and electrophysiological manifestations. CACNA1H gene, located in 16p13.3, encodes the α1H subunit of T-type calcium channel, expressing the transmembrane pore-forming subunit Cav3.2. Despite data still remain controversial, it has been identified as an important gene whose mutations seem strictly related to the pathogenesis of childhood absence epilepsy and other generalized epilepsies. The studied variants are mainly gain-of-function, hence responsible for an increase in neuronal susceptibility to seizures. CACNA1H mutations have also been associated with autism spectrum disorder and other behavior disorders. More recently, also amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has been related to CACNA1H alterations. The aim of this review, other than describe the CACNA1A and CACNA1H gene functions, is to identify mutations reported in literature and to analyze their possible correlations with specific epileptic disorders, purposing to guide an appropriate medical treatment recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Pulvirenti
- Pediatrics Postgraduate Residency Program, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Martina Caccamo
- Pediatrics Postgraduate Residency Program, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Manuela Lo Bianco
- Pediatrics Postgraduate Residency Program, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessandro Giallongo
- Pediatrics Postgraduate Residency Program, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gloria Gangi
- Pediatrics Postgraduate Residency Program, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Zanghì
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technology “G.F. Ingrassia,” University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Raffaele Falsaperla
- Unit of Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency, University Hospital “Policlinico Rodolico-San Marco,” Catania, Italy
- Unit of Neonatal Intensive Care and Neonatology, University Hospital “Policlinico Rodolico-San Marco,” Catania, Italy
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25
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Kessi M, Chen B, Peng J, Yan F, Yang L, Yin F. Calcium channelopathies and intellectual disability: a systematic review. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:219. [PMID: 33985586 PMCID: PMC8120735 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01850-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium ions are involved in several human cellular processes including corticogenesis, transcription, and synaptogenesis. Nevertheless, the relationship between calcium channelopathies (CCs) and intellectual disability (ID)/global developmental delay (GDD) has been poorly investigated. We hypothesised that CCs play a major role in the development of ID/GDD and that both gain- and loss-of-function variants of calcium channel genes can induce ID/GDD. As a result, we performed a systematic review to investigate the contribution of CCs, potential mechanisms underlying their involvement in ID/GDD, advancements in cell and animal models, treatments, brain anomalies in patients with CCs, and the existing gaps in the knowledge. We performed a systematic search in PubMed, Embase, ClinVar, OMIM, ClinGen, Gene Reviews, DECIPHER and LOVD databases to search for articles/records published before March 2021. The following search strategies were employed: ID and calcium channel, mental retardation and calcium channel, GDD and calcium channel, developmental delay and calcium channel. MAIN BODY A total of 59 reports describing 159 cases were found in PubMed, Embase, ClinVar, and LOVD databases. Variations in ten calcium channel genes including CACNA1A, CACNA1C, CACNA1I, CACNA1H, CACNA1D, CACNA2D1, CACNA2D2, CACNA1E, CACNA1F, and CACNA1G were found to be associated with ID/GDD. Most variants exhibited gain-of-function effect. Severe to profound ID/GDD was observed more for the cases with gain-of-function variants as compared to those with loss-of-function. CACNA1E, CACNA1G, CACNA1F, CACNA2D2 and CACNA1A associated with more severe phenotype. Furthermore, 157 copy number variations (CNVs) spanning calcium genes were identified in DECIPHER database. The leading genes included CACNA1C, CACNA1A, and CACNA1E. Overall, the underlying mechanisms included gain- and/ or loss-of-function, alteration in kinetics (activation, inactivation) and dominant-negative effects of truncated forms of alpha1 subunits. Forty of the identified cases featured cerebellar atrophy. We identified only a few cell and animal studies that focused on the mechanisms of ID/GDD in relation to CCs. There is a scarcity of studies on treatment options for ID/GDD both in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that CCs play a major role in ID/GDD. While both gain- and loss-of-function variants are associated with ID/GDD, the mechanisms underlying their involvement need further scrutiny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Kessi
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
- Mawenzi Regional Referral Hospital, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Baiyu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fangling Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lifen Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Mante PK, Adomako NO, Antwi P, Kusi-Boadum NK, Osafo N. Solid-lipid nanoparticle formulation improves antiseizure action of cryptolepine. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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27
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Prakash C, Mishra M, Kumar P, Kumar V, Sharma D. Response of Voltage-Gated Sodium and Calcium Channels Subtypes on Dehydroepiandrosterone Treatment in Iron-Induced Epilepsy. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 41:279-292. [PMID: 32318899 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00851-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by the occurrence of spontaneous and recurrent seizures. In post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE), the mechanism of epileptogenesis is very complex and seems to be linked with voltage-gated ion channels. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a neurosteroid have shown beneficial effect against various neurological disorders. We investigated antiepileptic effect of DHEA with respect to expression of voltage-gated ion channels subtypes in iron-induced epilepsy. Iron (FeCl3) solution was intracartically injected to induce epilepsy in rats and DHEA was intraperitoneally administered for 21 days. Results showed markedly increased epileptiform seizures activity along with up-regulation of Nav1.1 and Nav1.6, and down-regulation of Cav2.1α at the mRNA and protein level in the cortex and hippocampus of epileptic rats. Moreover, the study demonstrated that these channels subtypes were predominantly expressed in the neurons. DHEA treatment has countered the epileptic seizures, down-regulated Nav1.1 and Nav1.6, and up-regulated Cav2.1α without affecting their cellular localization. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates antiepileptic potential of DHEA, escorted by regulation of Nav1.1, Nav1.6, and Cav2.1α subtypes in the neurons of iron-induced epileptic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Prakash
- Neurobiology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Monika Mishra
- Neurobiology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Pavan Kumar
- Department of Developmental Neurogenetics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Neurobiology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Neurobiology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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28
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Bladen C, Mirlohi S, Santiago M, Longworth M, Kassiou M, Banister S, Connor M. Modulation of human T-type calcium channels by synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists in vitro. Neuropharmacology 2021; 187:108478. [PMID: 33600843 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Consumption of Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor agonists (SCRAs) is associated with severe adverse reactions including seizures, arrhythmias and death, but the molecular mechanisms surrounding SCRA toxicity are not yet established. These disease-like symptoms are also synonymous with altered T-type calcium channel activity which controls rhythmicity in the heart and brain. This study examined whether SCRAs alter T-type activity and whether this represents a possible mechanism of toxicity. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Fluorescence-based and electrophysiology assays were used to screen 16 structurally related synthetic cannabinoids for their ability to inhibit human T-type calcium channels expressed in HEK293 cells. The most potent compounds were then further examined using patch clamp electrophysiology. KEY RESULTS MDMB-CHMICA and AMB-CHMINACA potently blocked Cav3.2 with IC50 values of 1.5 and 0.74 μM respectively. Current inhibition increased from 47 to 80% and 45-87% respectively when the channel was in slow-inactivated state. Both SCRAs had little effect on steady state inactivation, however MDMB-CHMICA significantly shifted the half activation potential by -7mV. Neither drug produced frequency dependent block, in contrast to the phytocannabinoid Δ9-THC. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS SCRAs are potent agonists of CB1 receptors and can be extremely toxic, but observed toxicity also resembles symptoms associated with altered Cav3.2 activity. Many SCRAs tested were potent modulators of Cav3.2, raising the possibility that SC toxicity may be due in part to Cav3.2 modulation. This potent T-type channel modulation suggests the possibility of SCRAs as a new drug class with potential to treat diseases associated with altered T-type channel activity. This article is part of the special issue on 'Cannabinoids'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Bladen
- Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Somayeh Mirlohi
- Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marina Santiago
- Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Michael Kassiou
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Sam Banister
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; The Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Mark Connor
- Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Shi J, Wang H, Shi S, Yuan G, Jia Q, Shi S, Zhang X, Hu Y. Bibliometric analysis of calcium channel research (2010-2019). Channels (Austin) 2020; 14:193-202. [PMID: 32654583 PMCID: PMC7515533 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2020.1788903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium channels are involved in pathologies across all the major therapeutic areas involving the cardiac, neurological, metabolic, and respiratory systems. Although calcium channels have been the hotspot of multidisciplinary research for decades, the hotspots and frontier trends of calcium channel research have not been comprehensively analyzed by bibliometrics. Here, we collected scientific publications on calcium channel research in the past decade to explore the hotspots and frontier directions of calcium channel research by bibliometric analysis. Publications were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database from 2010 to 2019. Citespace5.6 R5 was used to perform bibliometric analysis on the countries, institutions, authors, and related research areas. In total, 26,664 articles were analyzed. The United States and the University of California are the most productive country and institution for calcium channel research. The most productive researchers were Lang, Florian, Zamponi, Gerald W, and Jan, Chung-Ren. PLoS One had the most significant number of publications (986). Research hotspots can be summarized as the regulation mechanism of calcium channels, calcium channel blockers, and ryanodine receptor. The research frontiers were the effect of calcium channel on cell proliferation, gene mutation, calcium channels in neuropathic pain, and calcium-signaling pathway. This is the first report to visualize and analyze hotspots and emerging trends in calcium channel research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Shi
- Guanganmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Guanganmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqing Shi
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guozhen Yuan
- Guanganmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - QiuLei Jia
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Shi
- Guanganmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- Guanganmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhui Hu
- Guanganmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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30
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Yabuki Y. [Role of T-type Calcium Channels in Regulating Neuronal Function]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2020; 140:1207-1212. [PMID: 32999199 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.20-00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
T-type calcium channels are low-threshold voltage-gated calcium channel and characterized by unique electrophysiological properties such as fast inactivation and slow deactivation kinetics. All subtypes of T-type calcium channel (Cav3.1, 3.2 and 3.3) are widely expressed in the central nerve system, and they have an important role in homeostasis of sleep, pain response, and development of epilepsy. Recently, several reports suggest that T-type calcium channels may mediate neuronal plasticity in the mouse brain. We succeeded to develop T-type calcium channel enhancer ethyl 8'-methyl-2',4-dioxo-2-(piperidin-1-yl)-2'H-spiro[cyclopentane-1,3'-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine]-2-ene-3-carboxylate (SAK3) which enhances Cav3.1 and 3.3 currents in each-channel expressed neuro2A cells. SAK3 can promote acetylcholine (ACh) release in the mouse hippocampus via enhancing T-type calcium channel. In this review, we have introduced the role of T-type calcium channel, especially Cav3.1 channel in the mouse hippocampus based on our previous data using SAK3 and Cav3.1 knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Yabuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
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31
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Hori K, Tsujikawa S, Novakovic MM, Yamashita M, Prakriya M. Regulation of chemoconvulsant-induced seizures by store-operated Orai1 channels. J Physiol 2020; 598:5391-5409. [PMID: 32851638 DOI: 10.1113/jp280119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Temporal lobe epilepsy is a complex neurological disease caused by imbalance of excitation and inhibition in the brain. Growing literature implicates altered Ca2+ signalling in many aspects of epilepsy but the diversity of Ca2+ channels that regulate this syndrome are not well-understood. Here, we report that mice lacking the store-operated Ca2+ channel, Orai1, in the brain show markedly stronger seizures in response to the chemoconvulsants, kainic acid and pilocarpine. Electrophysiological analysis reveals that selective deletion of Orai1 channels in inhibitory neurons disables chemoconvulsant-induced excitation of GABAergic neurons in the CA1 hippocampus. Likewise, deletion of Orai1 in GABAergic neurons abrogates the chemoconvulsant-induced burst of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) on CA1 pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus. This loss of chemoconvulsant inhibition likely aggravates status epilepticus in Orai1 KO mice. These results identify Orai1 channels as regulators of hippocampal interneuron excitability and seizures. ABSTRACT Store-operated Orai1 channels are a major mechanism for Ca2+ entry in many cells and mediate numerous functions including gene expression, cytokine production and gliotransmitter release. Orai1 is expressed in many regions of the mammalian brain; however, its role in regulating neuronal excitability, synaptic function and brain disorders has only now begun to be investigated. To investigate a potential role of Orai1 channels in status epilepticus induced by chemoconvulsants, we examined acute seizures evoked by intraperitoneal injections of kainic acid (KA) and pilocarpine in mice with a conditional deletion of Orai1 (or its activator STIM1) in the brain. Brain-specific Orai1 and STIM1 knockout (KO) mice exhibited significantly stronger seizures (P = 0.00003 and P < 0.00001), and higher chemoconvulsant-induced mortality (P = 0.02) compared with wildtype (WT) littermates. Electrophysiological recordings in hippocampal brain slices revealed that KA stimulated the activity of inhibitory interneurons in the CA1 hippocampus (P = 0.04) which failed to occur in Orai1 KO mice. Further, KA and pilocarpine increased the frequency of spontaneous IPSCs in CA1 pyramidal neurons >twofold (KA: P = 0.04; pilocarpine: P = 0.0002) which was abolished in Orai1 KO mice. Mice with selective deletion of Orai1 in GABAergic neurons alone also showed stronger seizures to KA (P = 0.001) and pilocarpine (P < 0.00001) and loss of chemoconvulsant-induced increases in sIPSC responses compared with WT controls. We conclude that Orai1 channels regulate chemoconvulsant-induced excitation in GABAergic neurons and that destabilization of the excitatory/inhibitory balance in Orai1 KO mice aggravates chemoconvulsant-mediated seizures. These results identify Orai1 channels as novel molecular regulators of hippocampal neuronal excitability and seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Hori
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shogo Tsujikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michaela M Novakovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Megumi Yamashita
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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32
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Kunii M, Doi H, Hashiguchi S, Matsuishi T, Sakai Y, Iai M, Okubo M, Nakamura H, Takahashi K, Katsumoto A, Tada M, Takeuchi H, Ishikawa T, Miyake N, Saitsu H, Matsumoto N, Tanaka F. De novo CACNA1G variants in developmental delay and early-onset epileptic encephalopathies. J Neurol Sci 2020; 416:117047. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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33
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Langeh U, Chawla P, Gupta GD, Singh S. A Novel Approach to Refractory Epilepsy by Targeting Pgp Peripherally and Centrally: Therapeutic Targets and Future Perspectives. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 19:741-749. [PMID: 32814543 DOI: 10.2174/1871527319999200819093109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Refractory epilepsy is a type of epilepsy involving seizures uncontrolled by first or second- line anticonvulsant drugs at a regular therapeutic dose. Despite considerable growth in epileptic pharmacotherapy, one-third of the patients are resistant to current therapies. In this, the mechanisms responsible for resistant epilepsy are either increased expulsion of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) by multidrug resistance (MDR) transporters from the epileptogenic tissue or reduced sensitivity of drug in epileptogenic brain tissue. The difficulty to treat refractory epilepsy is because of drug resistance due to cellular drug efflux, use of drug monotherapy, and subtherapeutic dose administration. Increased expression of Pgp is also responsible for resistance epilepsy or refractory epilepsy. Increased glutamate expression via inhibition of cyclooxygenase-II (COX-II) enzyme also upregulate P-glycoprotein (Pgp) expression and augment instance of recurrent seizures. Peripheral and central inhibition of Pgp is a powerful tool to control this drug resistant epilepsy. Drug resistance primarily involves multidrug resistance (MDR1) gene responsible for encoding P-glycoprotein (Pg- P1 or MDR1). Currently, there is no drug under clinical practice which inhibits MDR1. The present review cites some drugs like Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs), COX-II inhibitors, and glutamate receptors antagonists that inhibit P-gp. The exploitation of these targets may emerge as a beneficial approach for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. The present review further highlights the mechanistic role of Pgp in drug-resistant epilepsy, glutamate role in drug efflux, and management approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvashi Langeh
- Research Scholar, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab-142001, India
| | - Pooja Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab-142001, India
| | - Ghanshyam Das Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab-142001, India
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Neuroscience Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab-142001, India
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Kumar P, Sharma D. Ameliorative effect of curcumin on altered expression of CACNA1A and GABRD in the pathogenesis of FeCl 3-induced epilepsy. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:5699-5710. [PMID: 32803504 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05538-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The pivotal role played by ion-channel dysregulations in the pathogenesis of epilepsy has always garnered much attention. Since mutation of ion-channel proteins CACNA1A and GABRD have been associated with epilepsy, it is important to determine the post-traumatic epilepsy-associated changes in expression levels of these ion channel proteins. Additionally, curcumin is already known for its antiepileptic and neuroprotective potential in FeCl3-induced model of post-traumatic epilepsy. Thus, we investigated FeCl3-induced epilepsy mediated differential expression of CACNA1A and GABRD in the cortical region of the rat brain. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of curcumin on the expression of both proteins. For this, epilepsy was induced by intracortical FeCl3 injection (5 μl of 100 mM). Additionally, curcumin (conc. 1000 ppm; 75 mg/kg of b.wt.; for 14 and 28 days) was administered, mixed with normal food pellets. Results obtained from EEG-MUA and Morris water maze assay demonstrate the progression of epilepsy after FeCl3 injection. Additionally, western blotting and histological studies show the downregulation of CACNA1A and GABRD during epileptogenesis. It was observed that epilepsy-associated decline in learning and memory of animals might be linked with the dysregulation of both proteins. Results also demonstrated that curcumin administration ameliorated epilepsy-associated change in expression of both CACNA1A and GABRD proteins. In conclusion, the neuroprotective effect of curcumin against iron-induced epilepsy might be accompanied by the alleviated upregulation of these channel proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Kumar
- Neurobiology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Neurobiology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Lory P, Nicole S, Monteil A. Neuronal Cav3 channelopathies: recent progress and perspectives. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:831-844. [PMID: 32638069 PMCID: PMC7351805 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02429-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
T-type, low-voltage activated, calcium channels, now designated Cav3 channels, are involved in a wide variety of physiological functions, especially in nervous systems. Their unique electrophysiological properties allow them to finely regulate neuronal excitability and to contribute to sensory processing, sleep, and hormone and neurotransmitter release. In the last two decades, genetic studies, including exploration of knock-out mouse models, have greatly contributed to elucidate the role of Cav3 channels in normal physiology, their regulation, and their implication in diseases. Mutations in genes encoding Cav3 channels (CACNA1G, CACNA1H, and CACNA1I) have been linked to a variety of neurodevelopmental, neurological, and psychiatric diseases designated here as neuronal Cav3 channelopathies. In this review, we describe and discuss the clinical findings and supporting in vitro and in vivo studies of the mutant channels, with a focus on de novo, gain-of-function missense mutations recently discovered in CACNA1G and CACNA1H. Overall, the studies of the Cav3 channelopathies help deciphering the pathogenic mechanisms of corresponding diseases and better delineate the properties and physiological roles Cav3 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Lory
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, University Montpellier, 141, rue de la Cardonille, 34094, Montpellier, France. .,LabEx 'Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics' (ICST), Montpellier, France.
| | - Sophie Nicole
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, University Montpellier, 141, rue de la Cardonille, 34094, Montpellier, France.,LabEx 'Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics' (ICST), Montpellier, France
| | - Arnaud Monteil
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, University Montpellier, 141, rue de la Cardonille, 34094, Montpellier, France.,LabEx 'Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics' (ICST), Montpellier, France
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Unraveling the mechanism and the risk behind seizure liability of lead compounds in a neuroscience project. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2020; 104:106874. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2020.106874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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SAK3 Administration Improves Spine Abnormalities and Cognitive Deficits in App NL-G-F/NL-G-F Knock-in Mice by Increasing Proteasome Activity through CaMKII/Rpt6 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113833. [PMID: 32481611 PMCID: PMC7312612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and is characterized by neuropathological hallmarks consisting of accumulation of extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). Recently, we have identified a new AD therapeutic candidate, ethyl-8'-methyl-2',4-dioxo-2-(piperidin-1-yl)-2'H-spiro[cyclopentane-1,3'-imidazo [1,2-a] pyridin]-2-ene-3-carboxylate (SAK3), which ameliorates the AD-like pathology in AppNL-F/NL-F knock-in mice. However, the detailed mechanism underlying the therapeutic effects of SAK3 remains unclear. In this study, we found that SAK3 administration improved the reduced proteasome activity through the activation of CaMKII/Rpt6 signaling in AppNL-F/NL-F knock-in (NL-G-F) mice. Moreover, spine abnormalities observed in NL-G-F mice were significantly reversed by SAK3 administration. Along with this, cognitive impairments found in NL-G-F mice were markedly ameliorated by SAK3. In summary, our data suggest that SAK3 administration increases the activity of the proteasome via activation of the CaMKII/Rpt6 signaling pathway, contributing to improvements in spine abnormalities and cognitive deficits in NL-G-F mice. Overall, our findings suggest that SAK3 might be a new attractive drug candidate, representing a new mechanism for the treatment of AD pathology.
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Tigani W, Rossi MP, Artimagnella O, Santo M, Rauti R, Sorbo T, Ulloa Severino FP, Provenzano G, Allegra M, Caleo M, Ballerini L, Bozzi Y, Mallamaci A. Foxg1 Upregulation Enhances Neocortical Activity. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:5147-5165. [PMID: 32383447 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Foxg1 is an ancient transcription factor gene orchestrating a number of neurodevelopmental processes taking place in the rostral brain. In this study, we investigated its impact on neocortical activity. We found that mice overexpressing Foxg1 in neocortical pyramidal cells displayed an electroencephalography (EEG) with increased spike frequency and were more prone to kainic acid (KA)-induced seizures. Consistently, primary cultures of neocortical neurons gain-of-function for Foxg1 were hyperactive and hypersynchronized. That reflected an unbalanced expression of key genes encoding for ion channels, gamma aminobutyric acid and glutamate receptors, and was likely exacerbated by a pronounced interneuron depletion. We also detected a transient Foxg1 upregulation ignited in turn by neuronal activity and mediated by immediate early genes. Based on this, we propose that even small changes of Foxg1 levels may result in a profound impact on pyramidal cell activity, an issue relevant to neuronal physiology and neurological aberrancies associated to FOXG1 copy number variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendalina Tigani
- Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Development, Neuroscience Area, SISSA, Trieste 34136, Italy
| | - Moira Pinzan Rossi
- Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Development, Neuroscience Area, SISSA, Trieste 34136, Italy.,AgenTus Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge CB4 OWG, United Kingdom
| | - Osvaldo Artimagnella
- Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Development, Neuroscience Area, SISSA, Trieste 34136, Italy
| | - Manuela Santo
- Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Development, Neuroscience Area, SISSA, Trieste 34136, Italy
| | - Rossana Rauti
- Laboratory of Neurons and Nanomaterials, Neuroscience Area, SISSA, Trieste 34136, Italy.,Dept. Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Teresa Sorbo
- Laboratory of Neurons and Nanomaterials, Neuroscience Area, SISSA, Trieste 34136, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Ulloa Severino
- Laboratory of Bionanotechnologies, Neuroscience Area, SISSA, Trieste 34136, Italy.,Cell Biology Dept, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham NC-27710, USA
| | - Giovanni Provenzano
- Department of Cellular, Computational, and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Manuela Allegra
- Neuroscience Institute, Neurophysiology Section, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa 56124, Italy.,Laboratory G5 Circuits Neuronaux, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Matteo Caleo
- Neuroscience Institute, Neurophysiology Section, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa 56124, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35121, Italy
| | - Laura Ballerini
- Laboratory of Neurons and Nanomaterials, Neuroscience Area, SISSA, Trieste 34136, Italy
| | - Yuri Bozzi
- Neuroscience Institute, Neurophysiology Section, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa 56124, Italy.,Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Trento 38068, Italy
| | - Antonello Mallamaci
- Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Development, Neuroscience Area, SISSA, Trieste 34136, Italy
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Multiple-Ascending Dose Study in Healthy Subjects to Assess the Pharmacokinetics, Tolerability, and CYP3A4 Interaction Potential of the T-Type Calcium Channel Blocker ACT-709478, A Potential New Antiepileptic Drug. CNS Drugs 2020; 34:311-323. [PMID: 31994022 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-019-00697-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ACT-709478 is a selective, orally available T-type calcium channel blocker being studied as a potential new treatment in epilepsy. ACT-709478 had previously been investigated in a single-ascending dose study up to a dose of 400 mg. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of multiple doses of ACT-709478. In addition, the drug-drug interaction potential of multiple doses of ACT-709478 with the cytochrome P450 3A4 substrate midazolam was investigated. METHODS This double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study included 46 healthy male and female subjects. Ascending multiple oral doses of ACT-709478 were administered to 10 (cohorts 1-2) or 12 (cohorts 3-4) subjects (two taking placebo per cohort). In cohorts 1-2, 30 or 10 mg ACT-709478 was administered once daily for 12 days. An up-titration regimen was used in cohorts 3-4 with administration of 10, 30, and 60 mg for 7 days each in both cohorts and an additional dose level of 100 mg ACT-709478 once daily for 8 days in cohort 4. Single doses of midazolam were administered at baseline and concomitantly to 60 mg and 100 mg ACT-709478 in cohort 4. Blood sampling for pharmacokinetic evaluations and safety assessments (clinical laboratory, vital signs, adverse events, and electrocardiogram) were performed regularly. Holter electrocardiograms were recorded at baseline and for 24 h at steady state and central nervous system effects were assessed with pharmacodynamic tests at baseline and steady state. RESULTS ACT-709478 was absorbed with a time to reach the maximum plasma concentration of 3.5-4.0 h and eliminated with a half-life of 45-53 h. Steady state was reached after 5-7 days of dosing and exposure increased dose-proportionally. An accumulation index of approximately three fold was observed in cohorts 1 and 2. Exposure to midazolam was lower upon concomitant administration of 60 and 100 mg ACT-709478 compared to midazolam alone while the half-life and time to reach the maximum plasma concentration of midazolam remained unchanged, suggesting a weak induction at the gastrointestinal but not hepatic level. Pharmacokinetic parameters of 1-hydroxymidazolam were not affected by ACT-709478 administration. The most frequent adverse events were dizziness, somnolence, and headache. A tolerability signal was detected in cohort 1 (30 mg once daily); therefore, the dose was decreased to 10 mg once daily in cohort 2. The subsequently established up-titration regimen, starting with 10 mg once daily, considerably improved tolerability. Multiple doses up to 100 mg once daily were well tolerated. No treatment-related effects were detected on vital signs, clinical laboratory tests, Holter electrocardiogram variables, or in the pharmacodynamic tests. CONCLUSIONS ACT-709478 exhibits good tolerability up to 100 mg once daily using an up-titration regimen and pharmacokinetic properties that support further clinical investigations. A weak induction of gastrointestinal cytochrome P450 3A4 activity was observed, unlikely to be of clinical relevance. CLINICALTRIALS. GOV IDENTIFIER NCT03165097.
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Bartolini E, Campostrini R, Kiferle L, Pradella S, Rosati E, Chinthapalli K, Palumbo P. Epilepsy and brain channelopathies from infancy to adulthood. Neurol Sci 2019; 41:749-761. [PMID: 31838630 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-04190-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Genetic brain channelopathies result from inherited or de novo mutations of genes encoding ion channel subunits within the central nervous system. Most neurological channelopathies arise in childhood with paroxysmal or episodic symptoms, likely because of a transient impairment of homeostatic mechanisms regulating membrane excitability, and the prototypical expression of this impairment is epilepsy. Migraine, episodic ataxia and alternating hemiplegia can also occur, as well as chronic phenotypes, such as spinocerebellar ataxias, intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. Voltage-gated and ligand-gated channels may be involved. In most cases, a single gene may be associated with a phenotypical spectrum that shows variable expressivity. Different clinical features may arise at different ages and the adult phenotype may be remarkably modified from the syndrome onset in childhood or adolescence. Recognizing the prominent phenotypical traits of brain channelopathies is essential to perform appropriate diagnostic investigations and to provide the better care not only in the paediatric setting but also for adult patients and their caregivers. Herein, we provide an overview of genetic brain channelopathies associated with epilepsy, highlight the different molecular mechanisms and describe the different clinical characteristics which may prompt the clinician to suspect specific syndromes and to possibly establish tailored treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Bartolini
- USL Centro Toscana, Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Via Suor Niccolina Infermiera 20, 59100, Prato, Italy.
| | - Roberto Campostrini
- USL Centro Toscana, Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Via Suor Niccolina Infermiera 20, 59100, Prato, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Kiferle
- USL Centro Toscana, Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Via Suor Niccolina Infermiera 20, 59100, Prato, Italy
| | - Silvia Pradella
- USL Centro Toscana, Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Via Suor Niccolina Infermiera 20, 59100, Prato, Italy
| | - Eleonora Rosati
- USL Centro Toscana, Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Via Suor Niccolina Infermiera 20, 59100, Prato, Italy
| | | | - Pasquale Palumbo
- USL Centro Toscana, Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Via Suor Niccolina Infermiera 20, 59100, Prato, Italy
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Zamay TN, Zamay GS, Shnayder NA, Dmitrenko DV, Zamay SS, Yushchenko V, Kolovskaya OS, Susevski V, Berezovski MV, Kichkailo AS. Nucleic Acid Aptamers for Molecular Therapy of Epilepsy and Blood-Brain Barrier Damages. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 19:157-167. [PMID: 31837605 PMCID: PMC6920299 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is the fourth most prevalent brain disorder affecting millions of people of all ages. Epilepsy is divided into six categories different in etiology and molecular mechanisms; however, their common denominator is the inability to maintain ionic homeostasis. Antiepileptic drugs have a broad spectrum of action and high toxicity to the whole organism. In many cases, they could not penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and reach corresponding targets. Nucleic acid aptamers are a new and promising class of antiepileptic drugs as they are non-toxic, specific, and able to regulate the permeability of ion channels or inhibit inflammatory proteins. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of epileptogenesis and its interconnection with the BBB and show the potential of aptamers for antiepileptic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana N Zamay
- V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Galina S Zamay
- V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia; Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Research Center Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Natalia A Shnayder
- V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Diana V Dmitrenko
- V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Sergey S Zamay
- Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Research Center Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Victoria Yushchenko
- V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Olga S Kolovskaya
- V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia; Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Research Center Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Vanessa Susevski
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Maxim V Berezovski
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Anna S Kichkailo
- V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia; Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Research Center Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
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Kundap UP, Choo BKM, Kumari Y, Ahmed N, Othman IB, Shaikh MF. Embelin Protects Against Acute Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures and Positively Modulates Cognitive Function in Adult Zebrafish. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1249. [PMID: 31708779 PMCID: PMC6823247 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose of the research: Epilepsy is a continuous process of neurodegeneration categorized by an enduring tendency to generate uncontrolled electrical firing known as seizures causing involuntary movement all over the body. Cognitive impairment and behavioral disturbances are among the more alarming co-morbidities of epilepsy. Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) were found to be successful in controlling epilepsy but are reported to worsen cognitive status in patients. Embelin (EMB) is a benzoquinone derived from the plant Embelia ribes and is reported to have central nervous system (CNS) activity. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of EMB against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced acute seizures and its associated cognitive dysfunction. This was done via docking studies as well as evaluating neurotransmitter and gene expression in the zebrafish brain. The principal results: Behavioral observations showed that EMB reduced epileptic seizures and the T-maze study revealed that EMB improved the cognitive function of the fish. The docking study of EMB showed a higher affinity toward gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptor as compared to the standard diazepam, raising the possibility of EMB working via the alpha subunit of the GABA receptor. EMB was found to modulate several genes, neurotransmitters, and also neuronal growth, all of which play an important role in improving cognitive status after epileptic seizures. Healthy zebrafish treated with EMB alone were found to have no behavioral and biochemical interference or side effects. The immunohistochemistry data suggested that EMB also promotes neuronal protection and neuronal migration in zebrafish brains. Major Conclusions: It was perceived that EMB suppresses seizure-like behavior via GABAA receptor pathway and has a positive impact on cognitive functions. The observed effect was supported by docking study, T-maze behavior, neurotransmitter and gene expression levels, and immunohistology study. The apparatus such as the T-maze and seizure scoring behavior tank were found to be a straightforward technique to score seizure and test learning ability after acute epileptic seizures. These research findings suggest that EMB could be a promising molecule for epilepsy induced learning and memory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Praful Kundap
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Montreal Hospital Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada.,Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Brandon Kar Meng Choo
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yatinesh Kumari
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nafees Ahmed
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Iekhsan Bin Othman
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Souza IA, Gandini MA, Zhang FX, Mitchell WG, Matsumoto J, Lerner J, Pierson TM, Zamponi GW. Pathogenic Cav3.2 channel mutation in a child with primary generalized epilepsy. Mol Brain 2019; 12:86. [PMID: 31651342 PMCID: PMC6814130 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0509-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Two paternally-inherited missense variants in CACNA1H were identified and characterized in a 6-year-old child with generalized epilepsy. Febrile and unprovoked seizures were present in this child. Both variants were expressed in cis or isolation using human recombinant Cav3.2 calcium channels in tsA-201 cells. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings indicated that one variant (c.3844C > T; p.R1282W) caused a significant increase in current density consistent with a pathogenic gain-of-function phenotype; while the other cis-related variant (c.5294C > T; p.A1765V) had a benign profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana A Souza
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Maria A Gandini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Fang-Xiong Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Wendy G Mitchell
- Neurology Division, Children's Hospital Los Angeles & Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Joyce Matsumoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jason Lerner
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tyler Mark Pierson
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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Bellucco FT, de Mello CB, Meloni VA, Melaragno MI. Malan syndrome in a patient with 19p13.2p13.12 deletion encompassing NFIX and CACNA1A genes: Case report and review of the literature. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e997. [PMID: 31574590 PMCID: PMC6900369 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malan syndrome is a recently introduced overgrowth disorder described in a limited number of individuals. Haploinsufficiency and also point mutations of NFIX gene have been proposed as its leading causative mechanism, however, due to the limited number of cases and different deletion sizes, genotype/phenotype correlations are still limited. Methods Here, we report the first Brazilian case of Malan syndrome caused by a 990 kb deletion in 19p13.2p13.12, focusing on clinical and behavioral aspects of the syndrome. Results The patient presented with macrocephaly, facial dysmorphisms, hypotonia, developmental delay, moderate thoracolumbar scoliosis, and seizures. The intellectual and behavioral assessments showed severe cognitive, language, and adaptive functions impairments. The 19p deleted region of our patient encompasses NFIX, CACNA1A, which seems to be related to a higher frequency of seizures among individuals with microdeletions in 19p13.2, and 15 other coding genes, including CC2D1A and NACC1, both known to be involved in neurobiological process and pathways. Conclusion Deletions involving NFIX gene should be considered in patients with overgrowth during childhood, macrocephaly, developmental delay, and seizures, as well as severe intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda T Bellucco
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia B de Mello
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera A Meloni
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Melaragno
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ca v3.2 T-Type Calcium Channels Are Physiologically Mandatory for the Auditory System. Neuroscience 2019; 409:81-100. [PMID: 31029730 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs) play key roles in auditory perception and information processing within the inner ear and brainstem. Pharmacological inhibition of low voltage-activated (LVA) T-type Ca2+ channels is related to both age- and noise induced hearing loss in experimental animals and may represent a promising approach to the treatment of auditory impairment of various etiologies. Within the LVA Ca2+ channel subgroup, Cav3.2 is the most prominently expressed T-type channel entity in the cochlea and auditory brainstem. Thus, we performed a complete gender specific click and tone burst based auditory brainstem response (ABR) analysis of Cav3.2+/- and Cav3.2-/- mice, including i.a. temporal progression in hearing loss, amplitude growth function and wave latency analysis as well as a cochlear qPCR based evaluation of other VGCCs transcripts. Our results, based on a self-programmed automated wavelet approach, demonstrate that both heterozygous and Cav3.2 null mutant mice exhibit age-dependent increases in hearing thresholds at 5 months of age. In addition, complex alterations in WI-IV amplitudes and latencies were detected that were not attributable to alterations in the expression of other VGCCs in the auditory tract. Our results clearly demonstrate the important physiological role of Cav3.2 VGCCs in the spatiotemporal organization of auditory processing in young adult mice and suggest potential pharmacological targets for interventions in the future.
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Richard M, Kaufmann P, Kornberger R, Dingemanse J. First‐in‐man study of
ACT
‐709478, a novel selective triple T‐type calcium channel blocker. Epilepsia 2019; 60:968-978. [DOI: 10.1111/epi.14732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Richard
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd Allschwil Switzerland
| | - Priska Kaufmann
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd Allschwil Switzerland
| | | | - Jasper Dingemanse
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd Allschwil Switzerland
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Identification of Zebrafish Calcium Toolkit Genes and their Expression in the Brain. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10030230. [PMID: 30889933 PMCID: PMC6471419 DOI: 10.3390/genes10030230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish are well-suited for in vivo calcium imaging because of the transparency of their larvae and the ability to express calcium probes in various cell subtypes. This model organism has been used extensively to study brain development, neuronal function, and network activity. However, only a few studies have investigated calcium homeostasis and signaling in zebrafish neurons, and little is known about the proteins that are involved in these processes. Using bioinformatics analysis and available databases, the present study identified 491 genes of the zebrafish Calcium Toolkit (CaTK). Using RNA-sequencing, we then evaluated the expression of these genes in the adult zebrafish brain and found 380 hits that belonged to the CaTK. Based on quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction arrays, we estimated the relative mRNA levels in the brain of CaTK genes at two developmental stages. In both 5 dpf larvae and adult zebrafish, the highest relative expression was observed for tmbim4, which encodes a Golgi membrane protein. The present data on CaTK genes will contribute to future applications of zebrafish as a model for in vivo and in vitro studies of Ca2+ signaling.
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Ghotbeddin Z, Heysieattalab S, Borjkhani M, Mirnajafi-Zadeh J, Semnanian S, Hosseinmardi N, Janahmadi M. Ca 2+ Channels Involvement in Low-Frequency Stimulation-Mediated Suppression of Intrinsic Excitability of Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Cells in a Rat Amygdala Kindling Model. Neuroscience 2019; 406:234-248. [PMID: 30885638 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Low-frequency stimulation has demonstrated promising seizure suppression in animal models of epilepsy, while the mechanism of the effect is still debated. Changes in intrinsic properties have been recognized as a prominent pathophysiologically relevant feature of numerous neurological disorders including epilepsy. Here, it was evaluated whether LFS can preserve the intrinsic neuronal electrophysiological properties in a rat model of epilepsy, focusing on the possible involvement of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. The amygdala kindling model was induced by 3 s monophasic square wave pulses (50 Hz, 1 ms duration, 12times/day at 5 min intervals). Both LFS alone and kindled plus LFS (KLFS) groups received four packages of LFS (each consisting of 200 monophasic square pulses, 0.1 ms pulse duration at 1 Hz with the after discharge threshold intensity), which in KLFS rats was applied immediately after kindling induction. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were made in the presence of fast synaptic blockers 24 h after the last kindling stimulations or following kindling stimulations plus LFS application. In the KLFS group, both the rebound excitation and kindling-induced intrinsic hyperexcitability were decreased, associated with a regular intrinsic firing as indicated by a lower coefficient of variation. The amplitude of afterdepolarization (ADP) and its area under the curve were both decreased in the KLFS group compared to the kindled group. LFS prevented the increasing effect of kindling on Ca2+ currents in the KLFS group. Findings provided evidence for a novel form of epileptiform activity suppression by LFS in the presence of synaptic blockade possibly by decreasing Ca2+ currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Ghotbeddin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran; Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Borjkhani
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Urmia University of Technology, Urmia, Iran
| | - Javad Mirnajafi-Zadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Semnanian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Hosseinmardi
- Neuroscience Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahyar Janahmadi
- Neuroscience Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Saletti PG, Ali I, Casillas-Espinosa PM, Semple BD, Lisgaras CP, Moshé SL, Galanopoulou AS. In search of antiepileptogenic treatments for post-traumatic epilepsy. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 123:86-99. [PMID: 29936231 PMCID: PMC6309524 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is diagnosed in 20% of individuals with acquired epilepsy, and can impact significantly the quality of life due to the seizures and other functional or cognitive and behavioral outcomes of the traumatic brain injury (TBI) and PTE. There is no available antiepileptogenic or disease modifying treatment for PTE. Animal models of TBI and PTE have been developed, offering useful insights on the value of inflammatory, neurodegenerative pathways, hemorrhages and iron accumulation, calcium channels and other target pathways that could be used for treatment development. Most of the existing preclinical studies test efficacy towards pathologies of functional recovery after TBI, while a few studies are emerging testing the effects towards induced or spontaneous seizures. Here we review the existing preclinical trials testing new candidate treatments for TBI sequelae and PTE, and discuss future directions for efforts aiming at developing antiepileptogenic and disease-modifying treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia G Saletti
- Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Idrish Ali
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Pablo M Casillas-Espinosa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bridgette D Semple
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christos Panagiotis Lisgaras
- Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Solomon L Moshé
- Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Einstein/Montefiore Epilepsy Center, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Einstein/Montefiore Epilepsy Center, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Aristea S Galanopoulou
- Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Einstein/Montefiore Epilepsy Center, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
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50
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Garcia-Caballero A, Gandini MA, Huang S, Chen L, Souza IA, Dang YL, Stutts MJ, Zamponi GW. Cav3.2 calcium channel interactions with the epithelial sodium channel ENaC. Mol Brain 2019; 12:12. [PMID: 30736831 PMCID: PMC6368719 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0433-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes the functional interaction between Cav3.2 calcium channels and the Epithelial Sodium Channel (ENaC). β-ENaC subunits showed overlapping expression with endogenous Cav3.2 calcium channels in the thalamus and hypothalamus as detected by immunostaining. Moreover, β- and γ-ENaC subunits could be co-immunoprecipitated with Cav3.2 calcium channels from brain lysates, dorsal horn and lumbar dorsal root ganglia. Mutation of a cluster of lysines present in the intracellular N-terminus region of β-ENaC (K4R/ K5R/ K9R/ K16R/ K23R) reduced interactions with Cav3.2 calcium channels. Αβγ-ENaC channels enhanced Cav3.2 calcium channel trafficking to the plasma membrane in tsA-201 cells. This effect was reciprocal such that Cav3.2 channel expression also enhanced β-ENaC trafficking to the cell surface. T-type current density was increased when fully assembled αβγ-ENaC channels were transiently expressed in CAD cells, a neuronal derived cell line. Altogether, these findings reveal ENaC as an interactor and potential regulator of Cav3.2 calcium channels expressed in neuronal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustin Garcia-Caballero
- Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Maria A Gandini
- Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Shuo Huang
- Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Lina Chen
- Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Ivana A Souza
- Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Yan L Dang
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - M Jackson Stutts
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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