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Dewdney B, Ursich L, Fletcher EV, Johns TG. Anoctamins and Calcium Signalling: An Obstacle to EGFR Targeted Therapy in Glioblastoma? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235932. [PMID: 36497413 PMCID: PMC9740065 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common form of high-grade glioma in adults and has a poor survival rate with very limited treatment options. There have been no significant advancements in glioblastoma treatment in over 30 years. Epidermal growth factor receptor is upregulated in most glioblastoma tumours and, therefore, has been a drug target in recent targeted therapy clinical trials. However, while many inhibitors and antibodies for epidermal growth factor receptor have demonstrated promising anti-tumour effects in preclinical models, they have failed to improve outcomes for glioblastoma patients in clinical trials. This is likely due to the highly plastic nature of glioblastoma tumours, which results in therapeutic resistance. Ion channels are instrumental in the development of many cancers and may regulate cellular plasticity in glioblastoma. This review will explore the potential involvement of a class of calcium-activated chloride channels called anoctamins in brain cancer. We will also discuss the integrated role of calcium channels and anoctamins in regulating calcium-mediated signalling pathways, such as epidermal growth factor signalling, to promote brain cancer cell growth and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Dewdney
- Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-6319-1023
| | - Lauren Ursich
- Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Emily V. Fletcher
- Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Terrance G. Johns
- Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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2
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Polymodal Control of TMEM16x Channels and Scramblases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031580. [PMID: 35163502 PMCID: PMC8835819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The TMEM16A/anoctamin-1 calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC) contributes to a range of vital functions, such as the control of vascular tone and epithelial ion transport. The channel is a founding member of a family of 10 proteins (TMEM16x) with varied functions; some members (i.e., TMEM16A and TMEM16B) serve as CaCCs, while others are lipid scramblases, combine channel and scramblase function, or perform additional cellular roles. TMEM16x proteins are typically activated by agonist-induced Ca2+ release evoked by Gq-protein-coupled receptor (GqPCR) activation; thus, TMEM16x proteins link Ca2+-signalling with cell electrical activity and/or lipid transport. Recent studies demonstrate that a range of other cellular factors—including plasmalemmal lipids, pH, hypoxia, ATP and auxiliary proteins—also control the activity of the TMEM16A channel and its paralogues, suggesting that the TMEM16x proteins are effectively polymodal sensors of cellular homeostasis. Here, we review the molecular pathophysiology, structural biology, and mechanisms of regulation of TMEM16x proteins by multiple cellular factors.
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3
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Rast JP, D'Alessio S, Kraev I, Lange S. Post-translational protein deimination signatures in sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) plasma and plasma-extracellular vesicles. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 125:104225. [PMID: 34358577 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lampreys are a jawless vertebrate species belonging to an ancient vertebrate lineage that diverged from a common ancestor with humans ~500 million years ago. The sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) has a filter feeding ammocoete larval stage that metamorphoses into a parasitic adult, feeding both on teleost and elasmobranch fish. Lampreys are a valuable comparative model species for vertebrate immunity and physiology due to their unique phylogenetic position, unusual adaptive immune system, and physiological adaptions such as tolerance to salinity changes and urea. Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) are a phylogenetically conserved enzyme family which catalyses post-translational deimination/citrullination in target proteins, enabling proteins to gain new functions (moonlighting). The identification of deiminated protein targets in species across phylogeny may provide novel insights into post-translational regulation of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane vesicles released from cells that carry cargos of small molecules and proteins for cellular communication, involved in both normal and pathological processes. The current study identified deimination signatures in proteins of both total plasma and plasma-EVs in sea lamprey and furthermore reports the first characterisation of plasma-EVs in lamprey. EVs were poly-dispersed in the size range of 40-500 nm, similar to what is observed in other taxa, positive for CD63 and Flotillin-1. Plasma-EV morphology was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Assessment of deimination/citrullination signatures in lamprey plasma and plasma-EVs, revealed 72 deimination target proteins involved in immunity, metabolism and gene regulation in whole plasma, and 37 target proteins in EVs, whereof 24 were shared targets. Furthermore, the presence of deiminated histone H3, indicative of gene-regulatory mechanisms and also a marker of neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis), was confirmed in lamprey plasma. Functional protein network analysis revealed some differences in KEGG and GO pathways of deiminated proteins in whole plasma compared with plasma-EVs. For example, while common STRING network clusters in plasma and plasma-EVs included Peptide chain elongation, Viral mRNA translation, Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, STRING network clusters specific for EVs only included: Cellular response to heat stress, Muscle protein and striated muscle thin filament, Nucleosome, Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, Nucleosome and histone deacetylase complex. STRING network clusters specific for plasma were: Adipokinetic hormone receptor activity, Fibrinogen alpha/beta chain family, peptidase S1A, Glutathione synthesis and recycling-arginine, Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolic process, Carbon metabolism and lactate dehydrogenase activity, Post-translational protein phosphorylation, Regulation of insulin-like growth factor transport and clotting cascade. Overall, for the EV citrullinome, five STRING network clusters, 10 KEGG pathways, 15 molecular GO pathways and 29 Reactome pathways were identified, compared with nine STRING network clusters, six KEGG pathways, two Molecular GO pathways and one Reactome pathway specific for whole plasma; while further pathways were shared. The reported findings indicate that major pathways relevant for immunity and metabolism are targets of deimination in lamprey plasma and plasma-EVs, with some differences, and may help elucidating roles for the conserved PAD enzyme family in regulation of immune and metabolic function throughout phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Rast
- Emory University School of Medicine, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Stefania D'Alessio
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Igor Kraev
- Electron Microscopy Suite, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK.
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, W1W 6UW, UK.
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Zamoyski VL, Bovina EV, Bachurin SO, Grigoriev VV. Role of Potassium Ions in Regulation of Calcium-Activated Chloride Channels. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2021; 500:321-323. [PMID: 34697736 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672921050215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Using the patch-clamp method in the whole cell configuration, it was shown that external potassium ions play an important role in the regulation of calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCCs). A clear dependence of the conductivity of the СаССs on the external potassium concentration was shown. The effect of external potassium in the range 0-15 mM on the conductivity of chloride channels was significantly greater than the effect it had on other ionic currents (sodium or potassium). There is reason to believe that these changes in the conductivity of CaCCs may contribute to the development of pathophysiological processes such as hypokalemia or hyperkalemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Zamoyski
- Institute of Physiologically Active Substances, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, Russia.
| | - E V Bovina
- Institute of Physiologically Active Substances, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, Russia
| | - S O Bachurin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Substances, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, Russia
| | - V V Grigoriev
- Institute of Physiologically Active Substances, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, Russia
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5
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TMEM16A/ANO1: Current Strategies and Novel Drug Approaches for Cystic Fibrosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112867. [PMID: 34831090 PMCID: PMC8616501 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common of rare hereditary diseases in Caucasians, and it is estimated to affect 75,000 patients globally. CF is a complex disease due to the multiplicity of mutations found in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene causing the CFTR protein to become dysfunctional. Correctors and potentiators have demonstrated good clinical outcomes for patients with specific gene mutations; however, there are still patients for whom those treatments are not suitable and require alternative CFTR-independent strategies. Although CFTR is the main chloride channel in the lungs, others could, e.g., anoctamin-1 (ANO1 or TMEM16A), compensate for the deficiency of CFTR. This review summarizes the current knowledge on calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC) ANO1 and presents ANO1 as an exciting target in CF.
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Bai W, Liu M, Xiao Q. The diverse roles of TMEM16A Ca 2+-activated Cl - channels in inflammation. J Adv Res 2021; 33:53-68. [PMID: 34603778 PMCID: PMC8463915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A) Ca2+-activated Cl- channels have diverse physiological functions, such as epithelial secretion of Cl- and fluid and sensation of pain. Recent studies have demonstrated that TMEM16A contributes to the pathogenesis of infectious and non-infectious inflammatory diseases. However, the role of TMEM16A in inflammation has not been clearly elucidated. Aim of review In this review, we aimed to provide comprehensive information regarding the roles of TMEM16A in inflammation by summarizing the mechanisms underlying TMEM16A expression and activation under inflammatory conditions, in addition to exploring the diverse inflammatory signaling pathways activated by TMEM16A. This review attempts to develop the idea that TMEM16A plays a diverse role in inflammatory processes and contributes to inflammatory diseases in a cellular environment-dependent manner. Key scientific concepts of review Multiple inflammatory mediators, including cytokines (e.g., interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, IL-6), histamine, bradykinin, and ATP/UTP, as well as bacterial and viral infections, promote TMEM16A expression and/or activity under inflammatory conditions. In addition, TMEM16A activates diverse inflammatory signaling pathways, including the IP3R-mediated Ca2+ signaling pathway, the NF-κB signaling pathway, and the ERK signaling pathway, and contributes to the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases. These diseases include airway inflammatory diseases, lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction, acute pancreatitis, and steatohepatitis. TMEM16A also plays multiple roles in inflammatory processes by increasing vascular permeability and leukocyte adhesion, promoting inflammatory cytokine release, and sensing inflammation-induced pain. Furthermore, TMEM16A plays its diverse pathological roles in different inflammatory diseases depending on the disease severity, proliferating status of the cells, and its interacting partners. We herein propose cellular environment-dependent mechanisms that explain the diverse roles of TMEM16A in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Bai
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qinghuan Xiao
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
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Pinto MC, Silva IAL, Figueira MF, Amaral MD, Lopes-Pacheco M. Pharmacological Modulation of Ion Channels for the Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis. J Exp Pharmacol 2021; 13:693-723. [PMID: 34326672 PMCID: PMC8316759 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s255377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-shortening monogenic disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, an anion channel that transports chloride and bicarbonate across epithelia. Despite clinical progress in delaying disease progression with symptomatic therapies, these individuals still develop various chronic complications in lungs and other organs, which significantly restricts their life expectancy and quality of life. The development of high-throughput assays to screen drug-like compound libraries have enabled the discovery of highly effective CFTR modulator therapies. These novel therapies target the primary defect underlying CF and are now approved for clinical use for individuals with specific CF genotypes. However, the clinically approved modulators only partially reverse CFTR dysfunction and there is still a considerable number of individuals with CF carrying rare CFTR mutations who remain without any effective CFTR modulator therapy. Accordingly, additional efforts have been pursued to identify novel and more potent CFTR modulators that may benefit a larger CF population. The use of ex vivo individual-derived specimens has also become a powerful tool to evaluate novel drugs and predict their effectiveness in a personalized medicine approach. In addition to CFTR modulators, pro-drugs aiming at modulating alternative ion channels/transporters are under development to compensate for the lack of CFTR function. These therapies may restore normal mucociliary clearance through a mutation-agnostic approach (ie, independent of CFTR mutation) and include inhibitors of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), modulators of the calcium-activated channel transmembrane 16A (TMEM16, or anoctamin 1) or of the solute carrier family 26A member 9 (SLC26A9), and anionophores. The present review focuses on recent progress and challenges for the development of ion channel/transporter-modulating drugs for the treatment of CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena C Pinto
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Iris A L Silva
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miriam F Figueira
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Margarida D Amaral
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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8
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The role of pulmonary ORCC and CLC-2 channels in the response to oxidative stress. Mol Cell Toxicol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-021-00137-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Exposure of human lung epithelial cells to the oxidant pollutant ozone (O3) alters cell Cl− currents inducing an outward rectifier effect. Among the various Cl− channels, ClC-2 and ORCC seemed to be involved in this response.
Objectives
To identify the channel related to O3 induced current changes.
Results
Down regulating the expression of ORCC and ClC-2 genes and analyzing the membrane current show that the enhancement of the current disappeared when ORCC was silenced. The contribution of ORCC and ClC-2 channels in control and O3 treated cells was obtained by a mathematical approach.
Conclusion
We suggest that O3 activates ORCC channels and slightly inhibited ClC-2 channels in the negative voltage range. These findings open the possibility of identifying the biomolecular changes induced by O3 allowing a possible pharmacological intervention towards chloride current due to oxidative stress.
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Weidle UH, Birzele F, Brinkmann U, Auslaender S. Gastric Cancer: Identification of microRNAs Inhibiting Druggable Targets and Mediating Efficacy in Preclinical In Vivo Models. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 18:497-514. [PMID: 34183383 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to chemotherapy, targeted therapies have been approved for treatment of locally advanced and metastatic gastric cancer. The therapeutic benefit is significant but more durable responses and improvement of survival should be achieved. Therefore, the identification of new targets and new approaches for clinical treatment are of paramount importance. In this review, we searched the literature for down-regulated microRNAs which interfere with druggable targets and exhibit efficacy in preclinical in vivo efficacy models. As druggable targets, we selected transmembrane receptors, secreted factors and enzymes. We identified 38 microRNAs corresponding to the criteria as outlined. A total of 13 miRs target transmembrane receptors, nine inhibit secreted proteins and 16 attenuate enzymes. These microRNAs are targets for reconstitution therapy of gastric cancer. Further target validation experiments are mandatory for all of the identified microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich H Weidle
- Large Molecule Research, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany;
| | - Fabian Birzele
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRed), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Brinkmann
- Large Molecule Research, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany;
| | - Simon Auslaender
- Large Molecule Research, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
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10
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Liu Y, Liu Z, Wang K. The Ca 2+-activated chloride channel ANO1/TMEM16A: An emerging therapeutic target for epithelium-originated diseases? Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1412-1433. [PMID: 34221860 PMCID: PMC8245819 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anoctamin 1 (ANO1) or TMEM16A gene encodes a member of Ca2+ activated Cl– channels (CaCCs) that are critical for physiological functions, such as epithelial secretion, smooth muscle contraction and sensory signal transduction. The attraction and interest in ANO1/TMEM16A arise from a decade long investigations that abnormal expression or dysfunction of ANO1 is involved in many pathological phenotypes and diseases, including asthma, neuropathic pain, hypertension and cancer. However, the lack of specific modulators of ANO1 has impeded the efforts to validate ANO1 as a therapeutic target. This review focuses on the recent progress made in understanding of the pathophysiological functions of CaCC ANO1 and the current modulators used as pharmacological tools, hopefully illustrating a broad spectrum of ANO1 channelopathy and a path forward for this target validation.
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Key Words
- ANO1
- ANO1, anoctamin-1
- ASM, airway smooth muscle
- Ang II, angiotensin II
- BBB, blood–brain barrier
- CAMK, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase
- CF, cystic fibrosis
- CFTR, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
- Ca2+-activated Cl– channels (CaCCs)
- CaCCinh-A01
- CaCCs, Ca2+ activated chloride channels
- Cancer
- Cystic fibrosis
- DRG, dorsal root ganglion
- Drug target
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- ENaC, epithelial sodium channels
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- ESCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
- FRT, fisher rat thyroid
- GI, gastrointestinal
- GIST, gastrointestinal stromal tumor
- GPCR, G-protein coupled receptor
- HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- HTS, high-throughput screening
- ICC, interstitial cells of Cajal
- IPAH, idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- NF-κB, nuclear factor κB
- PAH, pulmonary arterial hypertension
- PAR2, protease activated receptor 2
- PASMC, pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells
- PIP2, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
- PKD, polycystic kidney disease
- T16Ainh-A01
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β
- TMEM16A
- VGCC, voltage gated calcium channel
- VRAC, volume regulated anion channel
- VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cells
- YFP, yellow fluorescent protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266073, China
- Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Zongtao Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Third People's Hospital, Qingdao 266041, China
| | - KeWei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266073, China
- Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
- Corresponding authors.
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Grigoriev VV. [Calcium-activated chloride channels: structure, properties, role in physiological and pathological processes]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2021; 67:17-33. [PMID: 33645519 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20216701017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+-activated chloride channels (CaCC) are a class of intracellular calcium activated chloride channels that mediate numerous physiological functions. In 2008, the molecular structure of CaCC was determined. CaCC are formed by the protein known as anoctamine 1 (ANO1 or TMEM16A). CaCC mediates the secretion of Cl- in secretory epithelia, such as the airways, salivary glands, intestines, renal tubules, and sweat glands. The presence of CaCC has also been recognized in the vascular muscles, smooth muscles of the respiratory tract, which control vascular tone and hypersensitivity of the respiratory tract. TMEM16A is activated in many cancers; it is believed that TMEM16A is involved in carcinogenesis. TMEM16A is also involved in cancer cells proliferation. The role of TMEM16A in the mechanisms of hypertension, asthma, cystic fibrosis, nociception, and dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract has been determined. In addition to TMEM16A, its isoforms are involved in other physiological and pathophysiological processes. TMEM16B (or ANO2) is involved in the sense of smell, while ANO6 works like scramblase, and its mutation causes a rare bleeding disorder, known as Scott syndrome. ANO5 is associated with muscle and bone diseases. TMEM16A interacts with various cellular signaling pathways including: epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), calmodulin (CaM) kinases, transforming growth factor TGF-β. The review summarizes existing information on known natural and synthetic compounds that can block/modulate CaCC currents and their effect on some pathologies in which CaCC is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Grigoriev
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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12
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Katsurahara K, Shiozaki A, Kosuga T, Shimizu H, Kudou M, Arita T, Konishi H, Komatsu S, Kubota T, Fujiwara H, Okamoto K, Kishimoto M, Konishi E, Otsuji E. ANO9 regulates PD-L2 expression and binding ability to PD-1 in gastric cancer. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:1026-1037. [PMID: 33404124 PMCID: PMC7935785 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of ANO9 in gastrointestinal cancer remains unclear. We investigated the biological behaviors and clinical prognostic values of ANO9 in gastric cancer (GC). Knockdown experiments were performed on human GC cell lines using ANO9 siRNA. Eighty‐four primary tissue samples from patients with advanced GC were examined immunohistochemically (IHC). Knockdown of ANO9 reduced the progression of cancer cells in MKN7 and MKN74 cells. A microarray analysis revealed that ANO9 regulated PD‐L2 via interferon (IFN)‐related genes. We confirmed using flow cytometry that the depletion of ANO9 reduced the binding ability to PD‐1 by downregulating the expression of PD‐L2 in MKN7 and MKN74 cells. IHC revealed a correlation between the expression of ANO9 and PD‐L2 and also that the strong expression of ANO9 was an independent poor prognostic factor in patients with advanced GC. The present results indicate that ANO9 regulates PD‐L2 and binding ability to PD‐1 via IFN‐related genes in GC. Therefore, ANO9 has potential as a biomarker and target of immune checkpoint blockage (ICB) for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Katsurahara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shiozaki
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kosuga
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shimizu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michihiro Kudou
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Arita
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Konishi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuhei Komatsu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kubota
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Fujiwara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuma Okamoto
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Kishimoto
- Department of Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eiichi Konishi
- Department of Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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13
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How Dysregulated Ion Channels and Transporters Take a Hand in Esophageal, Liver, and Colorectal Cancer. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 181:129-222. [PMID: 32875386 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, the understanding of how dysregulated ion channels and transporters are involved in carcinogenesis and tumor growth and progression, including invasiveness and metastasis, has been increasing exponentially. The present review specifies virtually all ion channels and transporters whose faulty expression or regulation contributes to esophageal, hepatocellular, and colorectal cancer. The variety reaches from Ca2+, K+, Na+, and Cl- channels over divalent metal transporters, Na+ or Cl- coupled Ca2+, HCO3- and H+ exchangers to monocarboxylate carriers and organic anion and cation transporters. In several cases, the underlying mechanisms by which these ion channels/transporters are interwoven with malignancies have been fully or at least partially unveiled. Ca2+, Akt/NF-κB, and Ca2+- or pH-dependent Wnt/β-catenin signaling emerge as cross points through which ion channels/transporters interfere with gene expression, modulate cell proliferation, trigger epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and promote cell motility and metastasis. Also miRs, lncRNAs, and DNA methylation represent potential links between the misexpression of genes encoding for ion channels/transporters, their malfunctioning, and cancer. The knowledge of all these molecular interactions has provided the basis for therapeutic strategies and approaches, some of which will be broached in this review.
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14
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Hunziker M, O'Donnell AM, Gosemann J, Alvarez LA, Puri P. Altered anoctamin-1 and tyrosine phosphorylation in congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction. J Pediatr Surg 2020; 55:1621-1625. [PMID: 32087933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction is the most common cause of congenital hydronephrosis in children. The pathophysiology of UPJ obstruction and the exact mechanism of pelviureteral peristalsis are poorly understood. Anoctamin-1 (ANO1), a Ca2+-activated chloride channel, has been shown to play a key role in muscle wall contractions in the gastrointestinal tract. We designed this study to investigate the hypothesis that ANO1 is expressed in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of the human UPJ and that tyrosine phosphorylation is altered in UPJ obstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fresh frozen specimens of UPJ obstruction (n = 28) and control specimens from patients who underwent Wilms' tumor nephrectomy (n = 20) were prepared. Western blot (WB) was performed to evaluate levels of ANO1 protein expression and changes in tyrosine phosphorylation. In addition analysis of ANO1 and phalloidin using confocal-immunofluoresence-double staining and 3D reconstruction were carried out. RESULTS Our WB results revealed increased tyrosine phosphorylation in UPJ obstruction samples compared to controls, and decreased ANO1 expression in UPJ obstruction. Confocal microscopy showed that ANO1 immunoreactivity was decreased in SMCs of UPJ obstruction compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence, for the first time, of the presence of ANO1 expression in the human UPJ. We speculate that altered tyrosine phosphorylation, observed in UPJ obstruction, may lead to a failure of transmission of peristaltic waves in UPJ obstruction by inhibiting Ca2+-activated chloride channels in SMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Hunziker
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine and Medical Science and Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne-Marie O'Donnell
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jan Gosemann
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luis A Alvarez
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Prem Puri
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine and Medical Science and Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland.
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15
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Seo Y, Choi J, Lee JH, Kim TG, Park SH, Han G, Namkung W, Kim I. Diversity-oriented generation and biological evaluation of new chemical scaffolds bearing a 2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene unit: Discovery of novel potent ANO1 inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2020; 101:104000. [PMID: 32592976 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemical territory bearing a 2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene motif was expanded by utilizing an o-hydroxy aldehyde group of 5-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene-6-carbaldehyde as a synthetic handle to install distinctive morphology and functionality of each scaffold. Cell based assays and in silico docking analysis led us to discover that these new compounds exhibit inhibitory effect on anoctamin1 (ANO1). ANO1 is amplified and highly expressed in various carcinomas including prostate cancer, esophageal cancer, breast cancer, and pancreatic cancer. Biological assays revealed that (E)-1-(7,7-dimethyl-7H-furo[2,3-f]chromen-2-yl)-3-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (3n, Ani-FCC) is a novel, potent and selective ANO1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.23 μM. 3n showed 144 times stronger activity on ANO1 inhibition than ANO2 inhibition and did not alter the chloride channel activity of CFTR and the intracellular calcium signaling. Notably, 3n strongly decreased cell viability of PC-3 and FaDu cells expressing high levels of ANO1 with a decrease in ANO1 protein levels. In addition, 3n significantly enhanced apoptosis via activation of caspase 3 and cleavage of PARP in PC-3 and FaDu cells. This study shows that a novel ANO1 inhibitor, 3n, can be a potential candidate for the treatment of cancers overexpressing ANO1, such as prostate cancer and esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Seo
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hwa Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hyeon Park
- Graduate Program of Industrial Pharmaceutical Science, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoonhee Han
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Namkung
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ikyon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea.
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Targeting of Intracellular TMEM16 Proteins to the Plasma Membrane and Activation by Purinergic Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114065. [PMID: 32517157 PMCID: PMC7312528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anoctamins such as TMEM16A and TMEM16B are Ca2+-dependent Cl− channels activated through purinergic receptor signaling. TMEM16A (ANO1), TMEM16B (ANO2) and TMEM16F (ANO6) are predominantly expressed at the plasma membrane and are therefore well accessible for functional studies. While TMEM16A and TMEM16B form halide-selective ion channels, TMEM16F and probably TMEM16E operate as phospholipid scramblases and nonselective ion channels. Other TMEM16 paralogs are expressed mainly in intracellular compartments and are therefore difficult to study at the functional level. Here, we report that TMEM16E (ANO5), -H (ANO8), -J (ANO9) and K (ANO10) are targeted to the plasma membrane when fused to a C-terminal CAAX (cysteine, two aliphatic amino acids plus methionin, serine, alanin, cystein or glutamin) motif. These paralogs produce Ca2+-dependent ion channels. Surprisingly, expression of the TMEM16 paralogs in the plasma membrane did not produce additional scramblase activity. In contrast, endogenous scrambling induced by stimulation of purinergic P2X7 receptors was attenuated, in parallel with reduced plasma membrane blebbing. This could suggest that intracellular TMEM16 paralogs operate differently when compared to plasma membrane-localized TMEM16F, and may even stabilize intracellular membranes. Alternatively, CAAX tagging, which leads to expression in non-raft compartments of the plasma membrane, may antagonize phosphatidylserine exposure by endogenous raft-located TMEM16F. CAAX-containing constructs may be useful to further investigate the molecular properties of intracellular TMEM16 proteins.
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17
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Pinto MC, Schreiber R, Lerias J, Ousingsawat J, Duarte A, Amaral M, Kunzelmann K. Regulation of TMEM16A by CK2 and Its Role in Cellular Proliferation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051138. [PMID: 32380794 PMCID: PMC7291285 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is a highly ubiquitous and conserved serine/threonine kinase that forms a tetramer consisting of a catalytic subunit (CK2α) and a regulatory subunit (CK2β). Despite being ubiquitous, CK2 is commonly found at higher expression levels in cancer cells, where it inhibits apoptosis, and supports cell migration and proliferation. The Ca2+-activated chloride channel TMEM16A shows similar effects in cancer cells: TMEM16A increases cell proliferation and migration and is highly expressed in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) as well as other malignant tumors. A microscopy-based high-throughput screening was performed to identify proteins that regulate TMEM16A. Within this screen, CK2 was found to be required for proper membrane expression of TMEM16A. small interfering (si) RNA-knockdown of CK2 reduced plasma membrane expression of TMEM16A and inhibited TMEM16A whole cell currents in (cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelial) CFBE airway epithelial cells and in the head and neck cancer cell lines Cal33 and BHY. Inhibitors of CK2, such as TBB and the preclinical compound CX4549 (silmitasertib), also blocked membrane expression of TMEM16A and Ca2+-activated whole cell currents. siRNA-knockout of CK2 and its pharmacological inhibition, as well as knockdown or inhibition of TMEM16A by either niclosamide or Ani9, attenuated cell proliferation. Simultaneous inhibition of CK2 and TMEM16A strongly potentiated inhibition of cell proliferation. Although membrane expression of TMEM16A is reduced by inhibition of CK2, our data suggest that the antiproliferative effects by inhibition of CK2 are mostly independent of TMEM16A. Simultaneous inhibition of TMEM16A by niclosamide and inhibition of CK2 by silmitasertib was additive with respect to blocking cell proliferation, while cytotoxicity was reduced when compared to solely blockade of CK2. Therefore, parallel blockade TMEM16A by niclosamide may assist with anticancer therapy by silmitasertib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena C. Pinto
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, BioISI—Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.C.P.); (J.L.); (A.D.); (M.A.)
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany; (R.S.); (J.O.)
| | - Joana Lerias
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, BioISI—Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.C.P.); (J.L.); (A.D.); (M.A.)
| | - Jiraporn Ousingsawat
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany; (R.S.); (J.O.)
| | - Aires Duarte
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, BioISI—Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.C.P.); (J.L.); (A.D.); (M.A.)
| | - Margarida Amaral
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, BioISI—Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.C.P.); (J.L.); (A.D.); (M.A.)
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany; (R.S.); (J.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-941-943-4302; Fax: +49-941-943-4315
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18
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Katsurahara K, Shiozaki A, Kosuga T, Kudou M, Shoda K, Arita T, Konishi H, Komatsu S, Kubota T, Fujiwara H, Okamoto K, Kishimoto M, Konishi E, Marunaka Y, Otsuji E. ANO9 Regulated Cell Cycle in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 27:3218-3230. [PMID: 32227267 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-08368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have reported the function and activation mechanism of ANO9 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The current study aimed to investigate the role of ANO9 in the regulation of tumor progression. METHODS Knockdown experiments with human ESCC cell lines were performed using ANO9 siRNA, and the effects on cell proliferation, the cell cycle, apoptosis, and cellular movement were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis was performed on 57 primary tumor samples obtained from ESCC patients. RESULTS In an in vitro study, depletion of ANO9 reduced cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in KYSE150 and KYSE 790 cells. In the cell cycle analysis, depletion of ANO9 increased the number of cells in G0/G1 arrest. In addition, the knockdown of ANO9 increased apoptosis. The results of the microarray analysis indicated that various centrosome-related genes such as CEP120, CNTRL, and SPAST were up- or downregulated in ANO9-depleted KYSE150 cells. The IHC results showed that high expression of ANO9 was associated with poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study suggest that ANO9 regulates the cell cycle via centrosome-related genes in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Katsurahara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shiozaki
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Kosuga
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michihiro Kudou
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Shoda
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Arita
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Konishi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuhei Komatsu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kubota
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Fujiwara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuma Okamoto
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Kishimoto
- Department of Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eiichi Konishi
- Department of Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Marunaka
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Research Institute for Clinical Physiology, Kyoto Industrial Health Association, Kyoto, Japan.,Research Center for Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Development Science, Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan.,International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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19
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Yu CC, Chen LC, Huang CY, Lin VC, Lu TL, Lee CH, Huang SP, Bao BY. Genetic association analysis identifies a role for ANO5 in prostate cancer progression. Cancer Med 2020; 9:2372-2378. [PMID: 32027096 PMCID: PMC7131841 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Anoctamins were originally identified as a family of calcium‐activated chloride channels, but recently their roles in the development of different types of malignancies were suggested. Here, we evaluated the associations between 211 common single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in 10 anoctamin genes with biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP) for localized prostate cancer. Four SNPs (ANO4 rs585335, ANO5 rs4622263, ANO7 rs62187431, and ANO10 rs118005571) remained significantly associated with BCR after multiple test correction (P < .05 and q = 0.232) and adjustment for known prognostic factors. Expression quantitative trait loci analysis found that ANO5 rs4622263 C and ANO10 rs118005571 C alleles were associated with decreased mRNA expression levels. Moreover, lower expression of ANO5 was correlated with more advanced tumors and poorer outcomes in two independent prostate cancer cohorts. Taken together, ANO5 rs4622263 was associated with BCR, and ANO5 gene expression was correlated with patient prognosis, suggesting a pivotal role for ANO5 in prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Cheng Yu
- Division of Urology/Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Lih-Chyang Chen
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yuan Huang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Victor C Lin
- Department of Urology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Ling Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsueh Lee
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Pin Huang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Ying Bao
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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20
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Buchholz B, Eckardt KU. Role of oxygen and the HIF-pathway in polycystic kidney disease. Cell Signal 2020; 69:109524. [PMID: 31904413 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Kidney cyst growth in ADPKD is associated with regional hypoxia, presumably due to a mismatch between enlarged cysts and the peritubular capillary blood supply and compression of peritubular capillaries in cyst walls. Regional hypoxia leads to activation of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors, with the two main HIF isoforms, HIF-1 and HIF-2 expressed in cyst epithelia and pericystic interstitial cells, respectively. While HIF-2 activation is linked to EPO production, mitigating the anemia that normally accompanies chronic kidney disease, HIF-1 promotes cyst growth. HIF-dependent cyst growth is primarily due to an increase in chloride-dependent fluid secretion into the cyst lumen. However, given the broad spectrum of HIF-target genes, additional HIF-mediated pathways may also contribute to cyst progression. Furthermore, hypoxia can influence cyst growth through the generation of reactive oxygen species. Since cyst expansion aggravates regional hypoxia, a feedforward loop is established that accelerates cyst expansion and disease progression. Inhibiting the HIF pathway and/or HIF target genes that are of particular relevance for HIF-dependent cyst fluid secretion may therefore represent novel therapeutic approaches to retard the progression of APDKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern Buchholz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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21
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Yu B, Xie R, Jin L, Tian X, Niu Y, Ma T, Yang H. trans-δ-Viniferin inhibits Ca2+-activated Cl− channels and improves diarrhea symptoms. Fitoterapia 2019; 139:104367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Xuan ZB, Wang YJ, Xie J. ANO6 promotes cell proliferation and invasion in glioma through regulating the ERK signaling pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:6721-6731. [PMID: 31692479 PMCID: PMC6708391 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s211725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Anoctamin6 (ANO6) plays a crucial role in several cancers, whereas the specific role of ANO6 in glioblastoma is unclear. Methods Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to analysis the correlation between ANO6 and survival rate of patients with glioblastoma. Univariate Cox regression analysis was used to analysis the correlation among ANO6 expression level,and age, gender, WHO and overall survival rate. Immunohistocemical technique, RT-PCR and western blot were used to dected the ANO6 expression. CCK8, colony formation and transwell were used to detected cell viability, cell proliferation and cell invasion in glioblastoma cells transfected with sh-ANO6 and ANO6 overexpression. In addition, after SHG-44 cells trasfected with ANO6 overexpression were ERK inhibitor (PD98059), CCK8, colony formation and transwell were used to detected cell viability, cell proliferation and cell invasion. Western blot was used to detected ERK protein level and the phosphorylation level of ERK in T89G and U87MG cells tranfected wih sh-ANO6. Results The results indicated that the ANO6 expression level was significantly associated with patients' age and tumor stage. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that the ANO6 expression level, age, gender and tumor stage were not related to the overall survival rate. ANO6 inhibition significantly suppressed the viability, invasion and the ability of colony formation in glioma cells, while ANO6 overexpression led to the opposite results in SHG-44 cells. ANO6 knockdown strongly inhibits the phosphorylation level and nuclear translocation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) protein to inhibit ERK signaling. ERK inhibitor significantly decreased the cell proliferation and invasion in SHG-44 cells transfected with sh-ANO6. Conclusion This study revealed that ANO6 activited ERK signaling pathway through promoting the nuclear translocation of ERK to increase the proliferation and invasion of glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Bo Xuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital Affiliated to Jiamusi University, Jiamusi City, Heilongjiang Province 154002, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye-Ji Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanxian Haijiya Hospital, Heze City, Shandong Province 274300, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongchuan People's Hospital, Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province 727000, People's Republic of China
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23
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Valdivieso ÁG, Santa‐Coloma TA. The chloride anion as a signalling effector. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1839-1856. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ángel G. Valdivieso
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical SciencesPontifical Catholic University of Argentina Buenos Aires 1107 Argentina
- The National Scientific and Technical Research Council of Argentina (CONICET) Buenos Aires 1107 Argentina
| | - Tomás A. Santa‐Coloma
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical SciencesPontifical Catholic University of Argentina Buenos Aires 1107 Argentina
- The National Scientific and Technical Research Council of Argentina (CONICET) Buenos Aires 1107 Argentina
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24
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Benedetto R, Ousingsawat J, Cabrita I, Pinto M, Lérias JR, Wanitchakool P, Schreiber R, Kunzelmann K. Plasma membrane-localized TMEM16 proteins are indispensable for expression of CFTR. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:711-722. [PMID: 30915480 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01770-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is the secretory chloride channel in epithelial tissues that has a central role in cystic fibrosis (CF) lung and gastrointestinal disease. A recent publication demonstrates a close association between CFTR and TMEM16A, the calcium-activated chloride channel. Thus, no CFTR chloride currents could be detected in airways and large intestine from mice lacking epithelial expression of TMEM16A. Here, we demonstrate that another plasma membrane-localized TMEM16 paralogue, TMEM16F, can compensate for the lack of TMEM16A. Using TMEM16 knockout mice, human lymphocytes, and a number of human cell lines with endogenous protein expression or heterologous expression, we demonstrate that CFTR can only function in the presence of either TMEM16A or TMEM16F. Double knockout of intestinal epithelial TMEM16A/F expression did not produce offsprings, suggesting a lethal phenotype in utero. Plasma membrane-localized TMEM16A or TMEM16F is required for exocytosis and expression of CFTR in the plasma membrane. TMEM16A/F proteins may therefore have an impact on disease severity in CF. KEY MESSAGES: • Cystic fibrosis is caused by the defective Cl- channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). • A close relationship exists between CFTR and the calcium-activated chloride channels TMEM16A/TMEM16F. • In conditional airway and intestinal knockout mice, lymphocytes from Scott disease patients and in overexpressing cells, CFTR is not functional in the absence of TMEM16A and TMEM16F. • TMEM16A and TMEM16F support membrane exocytosis and are essential for plasma membrane insertion of CFTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Benedetto
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jiraporn Ousingsawat
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Inês Cabrita
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Madalena Pinto
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Joana R Lérias
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Podchanart Wanitchakool
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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Contribution of Anoctamins to Cell Survival and Cell Death. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030382. [PMID: 30893776 PMCID: PMC6468699 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Before anoctamins (TMEM16 proteins) were identified as a family of Ca2+-activated chloride channels and phospholipid scramblases, the founding member anoctamin 1 (ANO1, TMEM16A) was known as DOG1, a marker protein for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Meanwhile, ANO1 has been examined in more detail, and the role of ANO1 in cell proliferation and the development of different types of malignomas is now well established. While ANO5, ANO7, and ANO9 may also be relevant for growth of cancers, evidence has been provided for a role of ANO6 (TMEM16F) in regulated cell death. The cellular mechanisms by which anoctamins control cell proliferation and cell death, respectively, are just emerging; however, the pronounced effects of anoctamins on intracellular Ca2+ levels are likely to play a significant role. Recent results suggest that some anoctamins control membrane exocytosis by setting Ca2+i levels near the plasma membrane, and/or by controlling the intracellular Cl- concentration. Exocytosis and increased membrane trafficking induced by ANO1 and ANO6 may enhance membrane expression of other chloride channels, such as CFTR and volume activated chloride channels (VRAC). Notably, ANO6-induced phospholipid scrambling with exposure of phosphatidylserine is pivotal for the sheddase function of disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM). This may support cell death and tumorigenic activity of IL-6 by inducing IL-6 trans-signaling. The reported anticancer effects of the anthelminthic drug niclosamide are probably related to the potent inhibitory effect on ANO1, apart from inducing cell cycle arrest through the Let-7d/CDC34 axis. On the contrary, pronounced activation of ANO6 due to a large increase in intracellular calcium, activation of phospholipase A2 or lipid peroxidation, can lead to ferroptotic death of cancer cells. It therefore appears reasonable to search for both inhibitors and potent activators of TMEM16 in order to interfere with cancer growth and metastasis.
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Kunzelmann K, Ousingsawat J, Cabrita I, Doušová T, Bähr A, Janda M, Schreiber R, Benedetto R. TMEM16A in Cystic Fibrosis: Activating or Inhibiting? Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:3. [PMID: 30761000 PMCID: PMC6362895 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory airway disease cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by airway obstruction due to mucus hypersecretion, airway plugging, and bronchoconstriction. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel is dysfunctional in CF, leading to defects in epithelial transport. Although CF pathogenesis is still disputed, activation of alternative Cl- channels is assumed to improve lung function in CF. Two suitable non-CFTR Cl- channels are present in the airway epithelium, the Ca2+ activated channel TMEM16A and SLC26A9. Activation of these channels is thought to be feasible to improve hydration of the airway mucus and to increase mucociliary clearance. Interestingly, both channels are upregulated during inflammatory lung disease. They are assumed to support fluid secretion, necessary to hydrate excess mucus and to maintain mucus clearance. During inflammation, however, TMEM16A is upregulated particularly in mucus producing cells, with only little expression in ciliated cells. Recently it was shown that knockout of TMEM16A in ciliated cells strongly compromises Cl- conductance and attenuated mucus secretion, but does not lead to a CF-like lung disease and airway plugging. Along this line, activation of TMEM16A by denufosol, a stable purinergic ligand, failed to demonstrate any benefit to CF patients in earlier studies. It rather induced adverse effects such as cough. A number of studies suggest that TMEM16A is essential for mucus secretion and possibly also for mucus production. Evidence is now provided for a crucial role of TMEM16A in fusion of mucus-filled granules with the apical plasma membrane and cellular exocytosis. This is probably due to local Ca2+ signals facilitated by TMEM16A. Taken together, TMEM16A supports fluid secretion by ciliated airway epithelial cells, but also maintains excessive mucus secretion during inflammatory airway disease. Because TMEM16A also supports airway smooth muscle contraction, inhibition rather than activation of TMEM16A might be the appropriate treatment for CF lung disease, asthma and COPD. As a number of FDA-approved and well-tolerated drugs have been shown to inhibit TMEM16A, evaluation in clinical trials appears timely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Kunzelmann
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Inês Cabrita
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tereza Doušová
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Andrea Bähr
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Innere Medizin I, Klinikum Rechts der Isar der TU München, München, Germany
| | - Melanie Janda
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Roberta Benedetto
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Vachel L, Shcheynikov N, Yamazaki O, Fremder M, Ohana E, Son A, Shin DM, Yamazaki-Nakazawa A, Yang CR, Knepper MA, Muallem S. Modulation of Cl - signaling and ion transport by recruitment of kinases and phosphatases mediated by the regulatory protein IRBIT. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/554/eaat5018. [PMID: 30377224 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aat5018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
IRBIT is a multifunctional protein that controls the activity of various epithelial ion transporters including NBCe1-B. Interaction with IRBIT increases NBCe1-B activity and exposes two cryptic Cl--sensing GXXXP sites that enable regulation of NBCe1-B by intracellular Cl- (Cl- in). Here, phosphoproteomic analysis revealed that IRBIT controlled five phosphorylation sites in NBCe1-B that determined both the active conformation of the transporter and its regulation by Cl- in Mutational analysis suggested that the phosphorylation status of Ser232, Ser233, and Ser235 was regulated by IRBIT and determined whether NBCe1 transporters are in active or inactive conformations. The absence of phosphorylation at Ser232, Ser233, or Ser235 produced NBCe1-B in the conformations pSer233/pSer235, pSer232/pSer235, or pSer232/pSer233, respectively. The activity of the pSer233/pSer235 form was similar to that of IRBIT-activated NBCe1-B, but it was insensitive to inhibition by Cl- in The properties of the pSer232/pSer235 form were similar to those of wild-type NBCe1-B, whereas the pSer232/pSer233 form was partially active, further activated by IRBIT, but retained inhibition by Cl- in Furthermore, IRBIT recruited the phosphatase PP1 and the kinase SPAK to control phosphorylation of Ser65, which affected Cl- in sensing by the 32GXXXP36 motif. IRBIT also recruited the phosphatase calcineurin and the kinase CaMKII to control phosphorylation of Ser12, which affected Cl- in sensing by the 194GXXXP198 motif. Ser232, Ser233, and Ser235 are conserved in all NBCe1 variants and affect their activity. These findings reveal how multiple kinase and phosphatase pathways use phosphorylation sites to fine-tune a transporter, which have important implications for epithelial fluid and HCO3 - secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vachel
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nikolay Shcheynikov
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Osamu Yamazaki
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Apheresis and Dialysis Center/General Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0016, Japan
| | - Moran Fremder
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ehud Ohana
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Aran Son
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dong Min Shin
- Department of Oral Biology, BK 21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Ai Yamazaki-Nakazawa
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chin-Rang Yang
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark A Knepper
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shmuel Muallem
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Seo Y, Kim J, Chang J, Kim SS, Namkung W, Kim I. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel Ani9 derivatives as potent and selective ANO1 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 160:245-255. [PMID: 30347323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Anoctamin 1 (ANO1), a calcium-activated chloride channel, is highly expressed and amplified in a number of carcinomas including breast, pancreatic and prostate cancers. Downregulation of ANO1 expression and function significantly inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of various cancer cell lines. Development of potent and selective ANO1 inhibitors is currently desirable, which may provide a new strategy for cancer treatment. Our previous study revealed a new class of ANO1 inhibitor, (E)-2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-N'-(2-methoxybenzylidene)acetohydrazide (Ani9) and structural optimization via chemical modification of Ani9 basic skeleton was undertaken for the development of more potent and specific inhibitors of ANO1. Structure-activity relationship studies with newly synthesized derivatives revealed a number of potent ANO1 inhibitors, among which 5f is the most potent inhibitor with an IC50 value of 22 nM. The selectivity analyses showed that 5f has excellent selectivity to ANO1 (>1000-fold over ANO2). In cellular assays, 5f significantly inhibited cell proliferation of PC3, MCF7, and BxPC3 cells expressing high levels of ANO1. In addition, 5f strongly reduced the protein levels of ANO1 in PC3 cells. This study will be useful in the development of ANO1 inhibitors for treatment of cancer and other ANO1-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Seo
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhwang Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Chang
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soon Kim
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Namkung
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ikyon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Lee D, Lee SA, Shin DM, Hong JH. Chloride Influx of Anion Exchanger 2 Was Modulated by Calcium-Dependent Spinophilin in Submandibular Glands. Front Physiol 2018; 9:889. [PMID: 30072910 PMCID: PMC6060233 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretory glands including salivary glands by many hormonal inputs produce and secrete biological fluids determined by variety of ion transporters. Spinophilin is a multifunctional scaffolding protein, which involved in receptor signaling and regulation of anion exchangers AE2 activity. We found that spinophilin expressed in salivary glands. The role of salivary spinophilin on the modulation of chloride/bicarbonate exchange remains unknown. The spinophilin enhanced AE2 activity and associated with a STE20/SPS1-related kinase and showed an additive effect on the modulation of the activity of AE2. The cholinergic stimulation and subsequent intracellular Ca2+ increase was required for the interaction with AE2 and spinophilin and abrogated the enhanced effect of spinophilin on Cl− transporting activity. Ductal chloride/bicarbonate exchange activity was increased in pretreatment with carbachol. The CaMKII inhibitor KN-93 suppressed the chloride/bicarbonate exchange activity of ducts, suggesting that CaMKII was required for ductal chloride/bicarbonate exchange activity. Additionally, microtubule destabilization by nocodazole attenuated the interaction of AE2 and spinophilin and almost abolished the ductal chloride/bicarbonate exchange activity. The treatment of siRNA-spinophilin on the isolated salivary ducts also reduced the ductal chloride/bicarbonate exchange activity. Therefore, role of salivary spinophilin on AE2 may facilitate the Cl− influx from basolateral in salivary glands in response to cholinergic inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongun Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sang A Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Dong M Shin
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong H Hong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
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Sommer N. Anoctamin-1: A Novel Mitochondrial Ion Channel Regulating Cellular Apoptosis and Proliferation? Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:558-559. [PMID: 29714635 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0355ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Sommer
- 1 German Center for Lung Research Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany
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31
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Pelz T, Drose DR, Fleck D, Henkel B, Ackels T, Spehr M, Neuhaus EM. An ancestral TMEM16 homolog from Dictyostelium discoideum forms a scramblase. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191219. [PMID: 29444117 PMCID: PMC5812556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
TMEM16 proteins are a recently identified protein family comprising Ca2+-activated Cl- channels that generate outwardly rectifying ionic currents in response to intracellular Ca2+ elevations. Some TMEM16 family members, such as TMEM16F/ANO6 are also essential for Ca2+-dependent phospholipid scrambling. TMEM16-like genes are present in the genomes of most eukaryotic species, the function(s) of TMEM16 family members from evolutionary ancient eukaryotes is not completely clear. Here, we provide insight into the evolution of these TMEM16 proteins by similarity searches for ancestral sequences. All eukaryotic genomes contain TMEM16 homologs, but only vertebrates have the full repertoire of ten distinct subtypes. TMEM16 homologs studied so far belong to the opisthokont branch of the phylogenetic tree, which includes the animal and fungal kingdoms. An organism outside this group is Dictyostelium discoideum, a representative of the amoebozoa group that diverged from the metazoa before fungi. We here functionally investigated the TMEM16 family member from Dictyostelium discoideum. When recombinantly expressed in HEK293 cells, DdTMEM16 induces phospholipid scrambling. However, in several electrophysiological experiments we did not find evidence for a Ca2+-activated Cl- channel function of DdTMEM16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pelz
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela R. Drose
- Department of Chemosensation, Institute for Biology II, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - David Fleck
- Department of Chemosensation, Institute for Biology II, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bastian Henkel
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Ackels
- Department of Chemosensation, Institute for Biology II, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marc Spehr
- Department of Chemosensation, Institute for Biology II, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eva M. Neuhaus
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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32
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Yamamura H, Nishimura K, Hagihara Y, Suzuki Y, Imaizumi Y. TMEM16A and TMEM16B channel proteins generate Ca 2+-activated Cl - current and regulate melatonin secretion in rat pineal glands. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:995-1006. [PMID: 29187602 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pinealocytes regulate circadian rhythm by synthesizing and secreting melatonin. These cells generate action potentials; however, the contribution of specific ion channels to melatonin secretion from pinealocytes remains unclear. In this study, the involvement and molecular identity of Ca2+-activated Cl- (ClCa) channels in the regulation of melatonin secretion were examined in rat pineal glands. Treatment with the ClCa channel blockers, niflumic acid or T16Ainh-A01, significantly reduced melatonin secretion in pineal glands. After pineal K+ currents were totally blocked under whole-cell patch clamp conditions, depolarization and subsequent repolarization induced a slowly activating outward current and a substantial inward tail current, respectively. Both of these current changes were dependent on intracellular Ca2+ concentration and inhibited by niflumic acid and T16Ainh-A01. Quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunocytochemical analyses revealed that TMEM16A and TMEM16B were highly expressed in pineal glands. siRNA knockdown of TMEM16A and/or TMEM16B showed that both channels contribute to ClCa currents in pinealocytes. Conversely, co-expression of TMEM16A and TMEM16B channels or the expression of this tandem channel in HEK293 cells mimicked the electrophysiological characteristics of ClCa currents in pinealocytes. Moreover, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, FRET, and co-immunoprecipitation experiments suggested that TMEM16A and TMEM16B can form heteromeric channels, as well as homomeric channels. In conclusion, pineal ClCa channels are composed of TMEM16A and TMEM16B subunits, and these fluxes regulate melatonin secretion in pineal glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisao Yamamura
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Kaori Nishimura
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yumiko Hagihara
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Suzuki
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yuji Imaizumi
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
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Lérias JR, Pinto MC, Botelho HM, Awatade NT, Quaresma MC, Silva IAL, Wanitchakool P, Schreiber R, Pepperkok R, Kunzelmann K, Amaral MD. A novel microscopy-based assay identifies extended synaptotagmin-1 (ESYT1) as a positive regulator of anoctamin 1 traffic. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1865:421-431. [PMID: 29154949 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
An attractive possibility to treat Cystic Fibrosis (CF), a severe condition caused by dysfunctional CFTR, an epithelial anion channel, is through the activation of alternative (non-CFTR) anion channels. Anoctamin 1 (ANO1) was demonstrated to be a Ca2+-activated chloride channel (CaCC) and thus of high potential to replace CFTR. Despite that ANO1 is expressed in human lung CF tissue, it is present at the cell surface at very low levels. In addition, little is known about regulation of ANO1 traffic, namely which factors promote its plasma membrane (PM) localization. Here, we generated a novel cellular model, expressing an inducible 3HA-ANO1-eGFP construct, and validated its usage as a microscopy tool to monitor for ANO1 traffic. We demonstrate the robustness and specificity of this cell-based assay, by the identification of siRNAs acting both as ANO1 traffic enhancer and inhibitor, targeting respectively COPB1 and ESYT1 (extended synaptotagmin-1), the latter involved in coupling of the endoplasmic reticulum to the PM at specific microdomains. We further show that knockdown of ESYT1 (and family members ESYT2 and ESYT3) significantly decreased ANO1 current density. This ANO1 cell-based assay constitutes an important tool to be further used in high-throughput screens and drug discovery of high relevance for CF and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana R Lérias
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Madalena C Pinto
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit and Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hugo M Botelho
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nikhil T Awatade
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margarida C Quaresma
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Iris A L Silva
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Podchanart Wanitchakool
- Department of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Department of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Pepperkok
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit and Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Department of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Margarida D Amaral
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit and Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Wang H, Zou L, Ma K, Yu J, Wu H, Wei M, Xiao Q. Cell-specific mechanisms of TMEM16A Ca 2+-activated chloride channel in cancer. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:152. [PMID: 28893247 PMCID: PMC5594453 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0720-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
TMEM16A (known as anoctamin 1) Ca2+-activated chloride channel is overexpressed in many tumors. TMEM16A overexpression can be caused by gene amplification in many tumors harboring 11q13 amplification. TMEM16A expression is also controlled in many cancer cells via transcriptional regulation, epigenetic regulation and microRNAs. In addition, TMEM16A activates different signaling pathways in different cancers, e.g. the EGFR and CAMKII signaling in breast cancer, the p38 and ERK1/2 signaling in hepatoma, the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK1/2 signaling in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and bladder cancer, and the NFκB signaling in glioma. Furthermore, TMEM16A overexpression has been reported to promote, inhibit, or produce no effects on cell proliferation and migration in different cancer cells. Since TMEM16A exerts different roles in different cancer cells via activation of distinct signaling pathways, we try to develop the idea that TMEM16A regulates cancer cell proliferation and migration in a cell-dependent mechanism. The cell-specific role of TMEM16A may depend on the cellular environment that is predetermined by TMEM16A overexpression mechanisms specific for a particular cancer type. TMEM16A may exert its cell-specific role via its associated protein networks, phosphorylation by different kinases, and involvement of different signaling pathways. In addition, we discuss the role of TMEM16A channel activity in cancer, and its clinical use as a prognostic and predictive marker in different cancers. This review highlights the cell-type specific mechanisms of TMEM16A in cancer, and envisions the promising use of TMEM16A inhibitors as a potential treatment for TMEM16A-overexpressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122 China
| | - Liang Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021 China
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122 China
| | - Jiankun Yu
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122 China
| | - Huizhe Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122 China
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122 China
| | - Qinghuan Xiao
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122 China
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36
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Kamaleddin MA. Molecular, biophysical, and pharmacological properties of calcium-activated chloride channels. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:787-798. [PMID: 28121009 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCCs) are a family of anionic transmembrane ion channels. They are mainly responsible for the movement of Cl- and other anions across the biological membranes, and they are widely expressed in different tissues. Since the Cl- flow into or out of the cell plays a crucial role in hyperpolarizing or depolarizing the cells, respectively, the impact of intracellular Ca2+ concentration on these channels is attracting a lot of attentions. After summarizing the molecular, biophysical, and pharmacological properties of CaCCs, the role of CaCCs in normal cellular functions will be discussed, and I will emphasize how dysregulation of CaCCs in pathological conditions can account for different diseases. A better understanding of CaCCs and a pivotal regulatory role of Ca2+ can shed more light on the therapeutic strategies for different neurological disorders that arise from chloride dysregulation, such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, and neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Kamaleddin
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Ousingsawat J, Cabrita I, Wanitchakool P, Sirianant L, Krautwald S, Linkermann A, Schreiber R, Kunzelmann K. Ca 2+ signals, cell membrane disintegration, and activation of TMEM16F during necroptosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:173-181. [PMID: 27535660 PMCID: PMC11107605 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2338-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Activated receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain like (MLKL) are essential components of the necroptotic pathway. Phosphorylated MLKL (pMLKL) is thought to induce membrane leakage, leading to cell swelling and disintegration of the cell membrane. However, the molecular identity of the necroptotic membrane pore remains unclear, and the role of pMLKL for membrane permeabilization is currently disputed. We observed earlier that the phospholipid scramblase and ion channel TMEM16F/anoctamin 6 cause large membrane currents, cell swelling, and cell death when activated by a strong increase in intracellular Ca2+. We, therefore, asked whether TMEM16F is also central to necroptotic cell death and other cellular events during necroptosis. Necroptosis was induced by TNFα, smac mimetic, and Z-VAD (TSZ) in NIH3T3 fibroblasts and the four additional cell lines HT29, 16HBE, H441, and L929. Time-dependent changes in intracellular Ca2+, cell morphology, and membrane currents were recorded. TSZ induced a small and only transient oscillatory rise in intracellular Ca2+, which was paralleled by the activation of outwardly rectifying Cl- currents, which were typical for TMEM16F/ANO6. Ca2+ oscillations were due to Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum, and were independent of extracellular Ca2+. The initial TSZ-induced cell swelling was followed by cell shrinkage. Using typical channel blockers and siRNA-knockdown, the Cl- currents were shown to be due to the activation of ANO6. However, the knockdown of ANO6 or inhibitors of ANO6 did not inhibit necroptotic cell death. The present data demonstrate the activation of ANO6 during necroptosis, which, however, is not essential for cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiraporn Ousingsawat
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Inês Cabrita
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Podchanart Wanitchakool
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lalida Sirianant
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Krautwald
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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Schreiber R, Kunzelmann K. Expression of anoctamins in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Pflugers Arch 2016; 468:1921-1929. [PMID: 27822608 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1898-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The anoctamin (ANO, TMEM16) family of Ca2+-activated Cl- channels consists of ten members with different cellular functions (ANO1-10). ANO1 is a Ca2+-activated Cl- channel in secretory epithelial cells of exocrine pancreas, salivary glands, or enterocytes. Expression of ANO1 also promotes cell proliferation and migration of tumor cells. ANO6 is essential for Ca2+-dependent scrambling of membrane phospholipids in platelets, red blood cells, and lymphocytes. ANO10 modulates Ca2+ signals in macrophages and has a role in cerebellar ataxia and other neurological disorders. All three anoctamins have been proposed to control intracellular Ca2+ signals. Anoctamins may also form the basolateral Ca2+-activated Cl- channel in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). We show that native human, bovine, porcine, and mouse RPEs express ANO1, ANO6, and ANO10. Growth arrested and confluent RPR cells expressed ANO1 in the plasma membrane, whereas ANO6 and ANO10 were found in the primary cilium. Ussing chamber experiments showed that the application of ATP to the apical (retinal) side of porcine RPE induced a Ca2+-activated Cl- secretion. Activation was inhibited by basolateral (choroidal) administration of the ANO inhibitors AO1, niflumic acid (NFA), and 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid (DIDS). The results suggest that ANO1 is responsible for basolateral Ca2+-dependent Cl- secretion in RPE, whereas ANO6 and ANO10 may have different functions, such as modulating Ca2+ signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Schreiber
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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39
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Azimi I, Monteith GR. Plasma membrane ion channels and epithelial to mesenchymal transition in cancer cells. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:R517-R525. [PMID: 27619258 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A variety of studies have suggested that epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) may be important in the progression of cancer in patients through metastasis and/or therapeutic resistance. A number of pathways have been investigated in EMT in cancer cells. Recently, changes in plasma membrane ion channel expression as a consequence of EMT have been reported. Other studies have identified specific ion channels able to regulate aspects of EMT induction. The utility of plasma membrane ion channels as targets for pharmacological modulation make them attractive for therapeutic approaches to target EMT. In this review, we provide an overview of some of the key plasma membrane ion channel types and highlight some of the studies that are beginning to define changes in plasma membrane ion channels as a consequence of EMT and also their possible roles in EMT induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Azimi
- The School of PharmacyThe University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Mater Research InstituteThe University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Translational Research InstituteBrisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gregory R Monteith
- The School of PharmacyThe University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Mater Research InstituteThe University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Translational Research InstituteBrisbane, Queensland, Australia
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40
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Ma K, Wang H, Yu J, Wei M, Xiao Q. New Insights on the Regulation of Ca 2+ -Activated Chloride Channel TMEM16A. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:707-716. [PMID: 27682822 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
TMEM16A, also known as anoctamin 1, is a recently identified Ca2+ -activated chloride channel and the first member of a 10-member TMEM16 family. TMEM16A dysfunction is implicated in many diseases such as cancer, hypertension, and cystic fibrosis. TMEM16A channels are well known to be dually regulated by voltage and Ca2+ . In addition, recent studies have revealed that TMEM16A channels are regulated by many molecules such as calmodulin, protons, cholesterol, and phosphoinositides, and a diverse range of stimuli such as thermal and mechanical stimuli. A better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of TMEM16A is important to understand its physiological and pathological role. Recently, the crystal structure of a TMEM16 family member from the fungus Nectria haematococcaten (nhTMEM16) is discovered, and provides valuable information for studying the structure and function of TMEM16A. In this review, we discuss the structure and function of TMEM16A channels based on the crystal structure of nhTMEM16A and focus on the regulatory mechanisms of TMEM16A channels. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 707-716, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ma
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Jiankun Yu
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Qinghuan Xiao
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
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P2Y2R is a direct target of HIF-1α and mediates secretion-dependent cyst growth of renal cyst-forming epithelial cells. Purinergic Signal 2016; 12:687-695. [PMID: 27565965 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-016-9532-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic kidney diseases are characterized by numerous renal cysts that continuously enlarge resulting in compression of intact nephrons and tissue hypoxia. Recently, we have shown that hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α promotes secretion-dependent cyst expansion, presumably by transcriptional regulation of proteins that are involved in calcium-activated chloride secretion. Here, we report that HIF-1α directly activates expression of the purinergic receptor P2Y2R in human primary renal tubular cells. In addition, we found that P2Y2R is highly expressed in cyst-lining cells of human ADPKD kidneys as well as PKD1 orthologous mouse kidneys. Knockdown of P2Y2R in renal collecting duct cells inhibited calcium-dependent chloride secretion in Ussing chamber analyses. In line with these findings, knockdown of P2Y2R retarded cyst expansion in vitro and prevented ATP- and HIF-1α-dependent cyst growth. In conclusion, P2Y2R mediates ATP-dependent cyst growth and is transcriptionally regulated by HIF-1α. These findings provide further mechanistic evidence on how hypoxia promotes cyst growth.
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Abstract
Ca2+-activated Cl− channels (CaCCs) are a class of Cl− channels activated by intracellular Ca2+ that are known to mediate numerous physiological functions. In 2008, the molecular identity of CaCCs was found to be anoctamin 1 (ANO1/TMEM16A). Its roles have been studied in electrophysiological, histological, and genetic aspects. ANO1 is known to mediate Cl− secretion in secretory epithelia such as airways, salivary glands, intestines, renal tubules, and sweat glands. ANO1 is a heat sensor activated by noxious heat in somatosensory neurons and mediates acute pain sensation as well as chronic pain. ANO1 is also observed in vascular as well as airway smooth muscles, controlling vascular tone as well as airway hypersensitivity. ANO1 is upregulated in numerous types of cancers and thus thought to be involved in tumorigenesis. ANO1 is also found in proliferating cells. In addition to ANO1, involvement of its paralogs in pathophysiological conditions was also reported. ANO2 is involved in olfaction, whereas ANO6 works as a scramblase whose mutation causes a rare bleeding disorder, the Scott syndrome. ANO5 is associated with muscle and bone diseases. Recently, an X-ray crystal structure of a fungal TMEM16 was reported, which explains a precise molecular gating mechanism as well as ion conduction or phospholipid transport across the plasma membrane.
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43
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Ta CM, Adomaviciene A, Rorsman NJG, Garnett H, Tammaro P. Mechanism of allosteric activation of TMEM16A/ANO1 channels by a commonly used chloride channel blocker. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:511-28. [PMID: 26562072 PMCID: PMC4728427 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCCs) play varied physiological roles and constitute potential therapeutic targets for conditions such as asthma and hypertension. TMEM16A encodes a CaCC. CaCC pharmacology is restricted to compounds with relatively low potency and poorly defined selectivity. Anthracene-9-carboxylic acid (A9C), an inhibitor of various chloride channel types, exhibits complex effects on native CaCCs and cloned TMEM16A channels providing both activation and inhibition. The mechanisms underlying these effects are not fully defined. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Patch-clamp electrophysiology in conjunction with concentration jump experiments was employed to define the mode of interaction of A9C with TMEM16A channels. KEY RESULTS In the presence of high intracellular Ca(2+) , A9C inhibited TMEM16A currents in a voltage-dependent manner by entering the channel from the outside. A9C activation, revealed in the presence of submaximal intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations, was also voltage-dependent. The electric distance of A9C inhibiting and activating binding site was ~0.6 in each case. Inhibition occurred according to an open-channel block mechanism. Activation was due to a dramatic leftward shift in the steady-state activation curve and slowed deactivation kinetics. Extracellular A9C competed with extracellular Cl(-) , suggesting that A9C binds deep in the channel's pore to exert both inhibiting and activating effects. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS A9C is an open TMEM16A channel blocker and gating modifier. These effects require A9C to bind to a region within the pore that is accessible from the extracellular side of the membrane. These data will aid the future drug design of compounds that selectively activate or inhibit TMEM16A channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chau M Ta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aiste Adomaviciene
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nils J G Rorsman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hannah Garnett
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paolo Tammaro
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Brooks MB, Catalfamo JL, MacNguyen R, Tim D, Fancher S, McCardle JA. A TMEM16F point mutation causes an absence of canine platelet TMEM16F and ineffective activation and death-induced phospholipid scrambling. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:2240-52. [PMID: 26414452 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TMEM16F is an ion channel and calcium-dependent lipid scramblase that mediates phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure on the plasma membrane. Two disparate disease phenotypes are associated with TMEM16F loss-of-function mutations: a rare bleeding disorder (Scott syndrome) and skeletal malformations due to aberrant bone mineralization in a TMEM16F knockout mouse. We therefore undertook comparative studies of TMEM16F expression in canine Scott syndrome (CSS), an autosomal recessive platelet defect. OBJECTIVES To define anoctamin proteins and scramblase response of CSS platelets and to determine whether TMEM16F is the CSS disease gene. METHODS CSS TMEM16F cDNA and gene were sequenced and mutation detection was performed in CSS pedigrees. Platelet fractions from CSS dogs were isolated for proteomic and immunologic characterization of TMEM16F. Annexin V was used as a flow cytometric marker of induced platelet PS externalization. RESULTS A TMEM16F splice site mutation segregated with the CSS trait and TMEM16F protein was undetectable in CSS platelet membranes; however, a second anoctamin, TMEM16K, was found. Proteomic analyses revealed a network of 32 proteins that differentially cosegregated with platelet plasma membrane TMEM16F. CSS platelets had profoundly impaired scramblase response to pharmacologic and physiologic agents that increase intraplatelet calcium and conditions that induce apoptotic and necrotic cell death. CONCLUSIONS CSS platelets represent a TMEM16F-null mutant model that demonstrates a central role for TMEM16F in mediating platelet PS externalization in response to activating and death signals. Platelet TMEM16F may prove a novel drug target for modulating platelet procoagulant activity and extending platelet life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Brooks
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - J L Catalfamo
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - R MacNguyen
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - D Tim
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - S Fancher
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - J A McCardle
- Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Hoffmann EK, Sørensen BH, Sauter DPR, Lambert IH. Role of volume-regulated and calcium-activated anion channels in cell volume homeostasis, cancer and drug resistance. Channels (Austin) 2015; 9:380-96. [PMID: 26569161 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2015.1089007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Volume-regulated channels for anions (VRAC) / organic osmolytes (VSOAC) play essential roles in cell volume regulation and other cellular functions, e.g. proliferation, cell migration and apoptosis. LRRC8A, which belongs to the leucine rich-repeat containing protein family, was recently shown to be an essential component of both VRAC and VSOAC. Reduced VRAC and VSOAC activities are seen in drug resistant cancer cells. ANO1 is a calcium-activated chloride channel expressed on the plasma membrane of e.g., secretory epithelia. ANO1 is amplified and highly expressed in a large number of carcinomas. The gene, encoding for ANO1, maps to a region on chromosome 11 (11q13) that is frequently amplified in cancer cells. Knockdown of ANO1 impairs cell proliferation and cell migration in several cancer cells. Below we summarize the basic biophysical properties of VRAC, VSOAC and ANO1 and their most important cellular functions as well as their role in cancer and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Else K Hoffmann
- a Department of Biology ; Section for Cell Biology and Physiology; University of Copenhagen ; Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Belinda H Sørensen
- a Department of Biology ; Section for Cell Biology and Physiology; University of Copenhagen ; Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Daniel P R Sauter
- a Department of Biology ; Section for Cell Biology and Physiology; University of Copenhagen ; Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Ian H Lambert
- a Department of Biology ; Section for Cell Biology and Physiology; University of Copenhagen ; Copenhagen , Denmark
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46
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Forschbach V, Goppelt-Struebe M, Kunzelmann K, Schreiber R, Piedagnel R, Kraus A, Eckardt KU, Buchholz B. Anoctamin 6 is localized in the primary cilium of renal tubular cells and is involved in apoptosis-dependent cyst lumen formation. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1899. [PMID: 26448322 PMCID: PMC4632301 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia are antenna-like structures projected from the apical surface of various mammalian cells including renal tubular cells. Functional or structural defects of the cilium lead to systemic disorders comprising polycystic kidneys as a key feature. Here we show that anoctamin 6 (ANO6), a member of the anoctamin chloride channel family, is localized in the primary cilium of renal epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. ANO6 was not essential for cilia formation and had no effect on in vitro cyst expansion. However, knockdown of ANO6 impaired cyst lumen formation of MDCK cells in three-dimensional culture. In the absence of ANO6, apoptosis was reduced and epithelial cells were incompletely removed from the center of cell aggregates, which form in the early phase of cystogenesis. In line with these data, we show that ANO6 is highly expressed in apoptotic cyst epithelial cells of human polycystic kidneys. These data identify ANO6 as a cilium-associated protein and suggest its functional relevance in cyst formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Forschbach
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Goppelt-Struebe
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - K Kunzelmann
- Department of Physiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - R Schreiber
- Department of Physiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - R Piedagnel
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1155, F-75005 Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR_S 1155, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - A Kraus
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - K-U Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - B Buchholz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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47
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Cellular volume regulation by anoctamin 6: Ca²⁺, phospholipase A2 and osmosensing. Pflugers Arch 2015; 468:335-49. [PMID: 26438191 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-015-1739-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
During cell swelling, Cl(-) channels are activated to lower intracellular Cl(-) concentrations and to reduce cell volume, a process termed regulatory volume decrease (RVD). We show that anoctamin 6 (ANO6; TMEM16F) produces volume-regulated anion currents and controls cell volume in four unrelated cell types. Volume regulation is compromised in freshly isolated intestinal epithelial cells from Ano6-/- mice and also in lymphocytes from a patient lacking expression of ANO6. Ca(2+) influx is activated and thus ANO6 is stimulated during cell swelling by local Ca(2+) increase probably in functional nanodomains near the plasma membrane. This leads to stimulation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and generation of plasma membrane lysophospholipids, which activates ANO6. Direct application of lysophospholipids also activates an anion current that is inhibited by typical ANO6 blocker. An increase in intracellular Ca(2+) supports activation of ANO6, but is not required when PLA2 is fully activated, while re-addition of arachidonic acid completely blocked ANO6. Moreover, ANO6 is activated by low intracellular Cl(-) concentrations and may therefore operate as a cellular osmosensor. High intracellular Cl(-) concentration inhibits ANO6 and activation by PLA2. Taken together, ANO6 supports volume regulation and volume activation of anion currents by action as a Cl(-) channel or by scrambling membrane phospholipids. Thereby, it may support the function of LRRC8 proteins.
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48
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TMEM16, LRRC8A, bestrophin: chloride channels controlled by Ca2+ and cell volume. Trends Biochem Sci 2015; 40:535-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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49
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Dodds KN, Staikopoulos V, Beckett EAH. Uterine Contractility in the Nonpregnant Mouse: Changes During the Estrous Cycle and Effects of Chloride Channel Blockade. Biol Reprod 2015; 92:141. [PMID: 25926436 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.129809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms involved in the generation of spontaneous uterine contractions are not fully understood. Kit-expressing interstitial cells of Cajal are pacemakers of contractile rhythm in other visceral organs, and recent studies describe a role for Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) currents as the initiating conductance in these cells. The existence and role of similar specialized pacemaker cells in the nonpregnant uterus remains undetermined. Spontaneous contractility patterns were characterized throughout the estrous cycle in isolated, nonpregnant mouse uteri using spatiotemporal mapping and tension recordings. During proestrus, estrus, and diestrus, contraction origin predominated in the oviduct end of the uterus, suggesting the existence of a dominant pacemaker site. Propagation speed of contractions during estrus and diestrus were significantly slower than in proestrus and metestrus. Five major patterns of activity were predominantly exhibited in particular stages: quiescent (diestrus), high-frequency phasic (proestrus), low-frequency phasic (estrus), multivariant (metestrus), and complex. Kit-immunopositive cells reminiscent of pacemaking ICCs were not consistently observed within the uterus. Niflumic acid (10 μM), anthracene-9-carboxylic acid (0.1-1 mM), and 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid (10 μM) each reduced the frequency of spontaneous contractions, suggesting involvement of Cl(-) channels in generating spontaneous uterine motor activity. It is unlikely that this conductance is generated by the Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channels, anoctamin-1 and CLCA4, as immunohistochemical labeling did not reveal protein expression within muscle or pacemaker cell networks. In summary, these results suggest that spontaneous uterine contractions may be generated by a Kit-negative pacemaker cell type or uterine myocytes, likely involving the activity of a yet-unidentified Cl(-) channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsi N Dodds
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Vasiliki Staikopoulos
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A H Beckett
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Laube M, Bossmann M, Thome UH. Glucocorticoids Distinctively Modulate the CFTR Channel with Possible Implications in Lung Development and Transition into Extrauterine Life. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124833. [PMID: 25910246 PMCID: PMC4409322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During fetal development, the lung is filled with fluid that is secreted by an active Cl- transport promoting lung growth. The basolateral Na+,K+,2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC1) participates in Cl- secretion. The apical Cl- channels responsible for secretion are unknown but studies suggest an involvement of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). CFTR is developmentally regulated with a high expression in early fetal development and a decline in late gestation. Perinatal lung transition is triggered by hormones that stimulate alveolar Na+ channels resulting in fluid absorption. Little is known on how hormones affect pulmonary Cl- channels. Since the rise of fetal cortisol levels correlates with the decrease in fetal CFTR expression, a causal relation may be assumed. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of glucocorticoids on pulmonary Cl- channels. Alveolar cells from fetal and adult rats, A549 cells, bronchial Calu-3 and 16HBE14o- cells, and primary rat airway cells were studied with real-time quantitative PCR and Ussing chambers. In fetal and adult alveolar cells, glucocorticoids strongly reduced Cftr expression and channel activity, which was prevented by mifepristone. In bronchial and primary airway cells CFTR mRNA expression was also reduced, whereas channel activity was increased which was prevented by LY-294002 in Calu-3 cells. Therefore, glucocorticoids strongly reduce CFTR expression while their effect on CFTR activity depends on the physiological function of the cells. Another apical Cl- channel, anoctamin 1 showed a glucocorticoid-induced reduction of mRNA expression in alveolar cells and an increase in bronchial cells. Furthermore, voltage-gated chloride channel 5 and anoctamine 6 mRNA expression were increased in alveolar cells. NKCC1 expression was reduced by glucocorticoids in alveolar and bronchial cells alike. The results demonstrate that glucocorticoids differentially modulate pulmonary Cl- channels and are likely causing the decline of CFTR during late gestation in preparation for perinatal lung transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Laube
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Division of Neonatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Miriam Bossmann
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Division of Neonatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich H. Thome
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Division of Neonatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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