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Kshatri A, Rivero-Pérez B, Giraldez T. Subunit-specific inhibition of BK channels by piperine. Biophys J 2024; 123:1942-1953. [PMID: 37700524 PMCID: PMC11309970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Piperine is the principal alkaloid present in black pepper and is well-known for its diverse pharmacological effects, including inhibition of different ion channels. Large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (BK) are widely expressed across several tissues and play a vital role in many physiological functions. In this study, we investigated the pharmacological effects of piperine on various BK channel subunit compositions (BKα, BKαβ1,4, BKαγ1,3) expressed in HEK293T cells. Piperine in zero Ca2+ reversibly inhibited currents from the pore-forming BKα channels in a dose-dependent manner with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 4.8 μM. Elevating the internal Ca2+ concentration from 0 to 100 μM significantly attenuated the inhibitory effects of piperine on BKα channels. The mutation G311S in the pore domain failed to alter the modulatory effects of piperine, whereas deletion of the entire cytoplasmic domain from BKα channels ablated its inhibitory effects. Addition of either BKβ1 or β4 regulatory subunits did not alter the efficacy of piperine on BKα channels. Interestingly, co-expression of either BKγ1 or BKγ3 subunits greatly diminished the ability of piperine to inhibit BKα channels. Our findings demonstrate that piperine is a potent natural modulator of BKα/BKαβ1,4 subunits but not BKαγ1,3 subunits. The mechanism of piperine modulation appeared to be allosteric and differs from that of other BK pore blockers (paxilline, peptide toxins, and quaternary ammonium compounds). Together, our results unravel the potential of piperine to inhibit BK channels, providing a new tool to explore mechanisms underlying the effects of regulatory subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Kshatri
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Instituto de Tecnologias Biomedicas, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Belinda Rivero-Pérez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Instituto de Tecnologias Biomedicas, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Teresa Giraldez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Instituto de Tecnologias Biomedicas, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
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2
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Peixoto-Neves D, Jaggar JH. Physiological functions and pathological involvement of ion channel trafficking in the vasculature. J Physiol 2024; 602:3275-3296. [PMID: 37818949 PMCID: PMC11006830 DOI: 10.1113/jp285007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of ion channels regulate membrane potential and calcium influx in arterial smooth muscle and endothelial cells to modify vascular functions, including contractility. The current (I) generated by a population of ion channels is equally dependent upon their number (N), open probability (Po) and single channel current (i), such that I = N.PO.i. A conventional view had been that ion channels traffic to the plasma membrane in a passive manner, resulting in a static surface population. It was also considered that channels assemble with auxiliary subunits prior to anterograde trafficking of the multimeric complex to the plasma membrane. Recent studies have demonstrated that physiological stimuli can regulate the surface abundance (N) of several different ion channels in arterial smooth muscle and endothelial cells to control arterial contractility. Physiological stimuli can also regulate the number of auxiliary subunits present in the plasma membrane to modify the biophysical properties, regulatory mechanisms and physiological functions of some ion channels. Furthermore, ion channel trafficking becomes dysfunctional in the vasculature during hypertension, which negatively impacts the regulation of contractility. The temporal kinetics of ion channel and auxiliary subunit trafficking can also vary depending on the signalling mechanisms and proteins involved. This review will summarize recent work that has uncovered the mechanisms, functions and pathological modifications of ion channel trafficking in arterial smooth muscle and endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan H. Jaggar
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN 38139
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3
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Kapur RP. Expression of Calretinin in the Cecal Muscularis Interna: Observation and Hypothetical Relevance to Appendicitis. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2024; 27:241-254. [PMID: 38549265 DOI: 10.1177/10935266241235507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The unexpected observation of calretinin immunoreactivity in smooth muscle cells in the muscularis propria of the cecum led to a more detailed examination of calretinin expression and its possible relationship to propulsive contractile activity around the vermiform appendix. METHODS Immunohistochemistry and RNA in situ hybridization were performed to analyze calretinin expression in intestinal samples from 33 patients at ages ranging from mid-gestation fetuses to adults, as well as in some potentially relevant animal models. Dual immunolabeling was done to compare calretinin localization with markers of smooth muscle and interstitial cells of Cajal. RESULTS Calretinin expression was observed consistently in the innermost smooth muscle layers of the muscularis interna in the human cecum, appendiceal base, and proximal ascending colon, but not elsewhere in the intestinal tract. Calretinin-positive smooth muscle cells did not co-express markers located in adjacent interstitial cells of Cajal. Muscular calretinin immunoreactivity was not detected in the ceca of mice or macaques, species which lack appendices, nor in the rabbit cecum or appendix. CONCLUSIONS Localized expression of calretinin in cecal smooth muscle cells may reduce the likelihood of retrograde, calcium-mediated propulsive contractions from the proximal colon and suppress pro-inflammatory fecal stasis in the appendix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj P Kapur
- Department of Laboratories, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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4
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Maliszewska-Olejniczak K, Pytlak K, Dabrowska A, Zochowska M, Hoser J, Lukasiak A, Zajac M, Kulawiak B, Bednarczyk P. Deficiency of the BK Ca potassium channel displayed significant implications for the physiology of the human bronchial epithelium. Mitochondrion 2024; 76:101880. [PMID: 38604459 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Plasma membrane large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BKCa) channels are important players in various physiological processes, including those mediated by epithelia. Like other cell types, human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells also express BKCa in the inner mitochondrial membrane (mitoBKCa). The genetic relationships between these mitochondrial and plasma membrane channels and the precise role of mitoBKCa in epithelium physiology are still unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the mitoBKCa channel is encoded by the same gene as the plasma membrane BKCa channel in HBE cells. We also examined the impact of channel loss on the basic function of HBE cells, which is to create a tight barrier. For this purpose, we used CRISPR/Cas9 technology in 16HBE14o- cells to disrupt the KCNMA1 gene, which encodes the α-subunit responsible for forming the pore of the plasma membrane BKCa channel. Electrophysiological experiments demonstrated that the disruption of the KCNMA1 gene resulted in the loss of BKCa-type channels in the plasma membrane and mitochondria. We have also shown that HBE ΔαBKCa cells exhibited a significant decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance which indicates a loss of tightness of the barrier created by these cells. We have also observed a decrease in mitochondrial respiration, which indicates a significant impairment of these organelles. In conclusion, our findings indicate that a single gene encodes both populations of the channel in HBE cells. Furthermore, this channel is critical for maintaining the proper function of epithelial cells as a cellular barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Maliszewska-Olejniczak
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Pytlak
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adrianna Dabrowska
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Zochowska
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Hoser
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Lukasiak
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Zajac
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bogusz Kulawiak
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Piotr Bednarczyk
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland.
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5
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Slayden A, Mysiewicz S, North K, Dopico A, Bukiya A. Cerebrovascular Effects of Alcohol Combined with Tetrahydrocannabinol. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2024; 9:252-266. [PMID: 36108317 PMCID: PMC10874832 DOI: 10.1089/can.2021.0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Alcohol (ethanol) and cannabis are among the most widely used recreational drugs in the world. With increased efforts toward legalization of cannabis, there is an alarming trend toward the concomitant (including simultaneous) use of cannabis products with alcohol for recreational purpose. While each drug possesses a distinct effect on cerebral circulation, the consequences of their simultaneous use on cerebral artery diameter have never been studied. Thus, we set to address the effect of simultaneous application of alcohol and (-)-trans-Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on cerebral artery diameter. Materials and Methods: We used Sprague-Dawley rats because rat cerebral circulation closely mimics morphology, ultrastructure, and function of cerebral circulation of humans. We focused on the middle cerebral artery (MCA) because it supplies blood to the largest brain territory when compared to any other cerebral artery stemming from the circle of Willis. Experiments were performed on pressurized MCA ex vivo, and in cranial windows in vivo. Ethanol and THC were probed at physiologically relevant concentrations. Researchers were "blind" to experimental group identity during data analysis to avoid bias. Results: In males, ethanol mixed with THC resulted in greater constriction of ex vivo pressurized MCA when compared to the effects exerted by separate application of each drug. In females, THC, ethanol, or their mixture failed to elicit measurable effect. Vasoconstriction by ethanol/THC mixture was ablated by either endothelium removal or pharmacological block of calcium- and voltage-gated potassium channels of large conductance (BK type) and cannabinoid receptors. Block of prostaglandin production and of endothelin receptors also blunted constriction by ethanol/THC. In males, the in vivo constriction of MCA by ethanol/THC did not differ from ethanol alone. In females, the in vivo constriction of this artery by ethanol was significantly smaller than in males. However, artery constriction by ethanol/THC did not differ from the constriction in males. Conclusions: Our data point at the complex nature of the cerebrovascular effects elicited by simultaneous use of ethanol and THC. These effects include both local and systemic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria Slayden
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Steven Mysiewicz
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kelsey North
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alex Dopico
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anna Bukiya
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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6
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North KC, Shaw AA, Bukiya AN, Dopico AM. Progesterone activation of β 1-containing BK channels involves two binding sites. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7248. [PMID: 37945687 PMCID: PMC10636063 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42827-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Progesterone (≥1 µM) is used in recovery of cerebral ischemia, an effect likely contributed to by cerebrovascular dilation. The targets of this progesterone action are unknown. We report that micromolar (µM) progesterone activates mouse cerebrovascular myocyte BK channels; this action is lost in β1-/- mice myocytes and in lipid bilayers containing BK α subunit homomeric channels but sustained on β1/β4-containing heteromers. Progesterone binds to both regulatory subunits, involving two steroid binding sites conserved in β1-β4: high-affinity (sub-µM), which involves Trp87 in β1 loop, and low-affinity (µM) defined by TM1 Tyr32 and TM2 Trp163. Thus progesterone, but not its oxime, bridges TM1-TM2. Mutation of the high-affinity site blunts channel activation by progesterone underscoring a permissive role of the high-affinity site: progesterone binding to this site enables steroid binding at the low-affinity site, which activates the channel. In support of our model, cerebrovascular dilation evoked by μM progesterone is lost by mutating Tyr32 or Trp163 in β1 whereas these mutations do not affect alcohol-induced cerebrovascular constriction. Furthermore, this alcohol action is effectively counteracted both in vitro and in vivo by progesterone but not by its oxime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey C North
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA
| | - Andrew A Shaw
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA
| | - Anna N Bukiya
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA
| | - Alex M Dopico
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA.
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7
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Tepavcevic S, Romic S, Zec M, Culafic T, Stojiljkovic M, Ivkovic T, Pantelic M, Kostic M, Stanisic J, Koricanac G. Effects of Walnut-Rich Diet on Cation-Handling Proteins in the Heart of Healthy and Metabolically Compromised Male Rats. J Med Food 2023; 26:849-857. [PMID: 37889606 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The transport of cations in the cardiomyocytes, crucial for the functioning of the heart, can be affected by walnut diet due to the high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Healthy and metabolically compromised rats (drinking 10% fructose solution) were subjected to a diet supplemented with 2.4 g of walnuts for 6 weeks to investigate the effect on proteins involved in cation transport in the heart cells. Fructose increased the level of the α1 subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in the heart of control and walnut-eating rats, while elevated L-type calcium channel α (LTCCα), sodium-calcium exchanger 1 (NCX1), and Maxi Kα level were observed only in rats that did not consume walnuts. However, walnuts significantly increased the cardiac content of LTCC, NCX1, and Maxi Kα, as well as Kir6.1 and SUR2B subunits of KATP channel, but only in fructose-naive rats. In animals that drank fructose, a significant increasing effect of walnuts was observed only in Akt kinase phosphorylation, which may be a part of the antiarrhythmic mechanism of decreasing cation currents in cardiomyocytes. The walnut diet-induced increase in LTCC and NCX1 expression in healthy rats may indicate intense cardiac calcium turnover, whereas the effect on Kir6.1 and SUR2B subunits suggests stimulation of KATP channel transport in the cardiac vasculature. The effects of walnuts on the cation-handling proteins in the heart, mostly limited to healthy animals, suggest the possible use of a walnut-supplemented diet in the prevention rather than the treatment of cardiological channelopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snezana Tepavcevic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snjezana Romic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Manja Zec
- Colorado Program for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Tijana Culafic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mojca Stojiljkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Ivkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Pantelic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Kostic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Stanisic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Koricanac
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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8
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Głuchowska A, Kalenik B, Kulawiak B, Wrzosek A, Szewczyk A, Bednarczyk P, Mosieniak G. Lack of activity of the mitochondrial large-conductance calcium-regulated potassium channels in senescent vascular smooth muscle cells. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 215:111871. [PMID: 37689317 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
A limited number of studies have shown functional changes in mitochondrial ion channels in aging and senescent cells. We have identified, for the first time, mitochondrial large-conductance calcium-regulated potassium channels in human smooth muscle mitochondria. This channel, with a conductance of 273 pS, was regulated by calcium ions and membrane potential. Additionally, it was activated by the potassium channel opener NS11021 and blocked by paxilline. Importantly, we have shown that senescence of these cells induced by hydrogen peroxide treatment leads to the disappearance of potassium channel protein levels and channel activity measured by the single channel patch-clamp technique. Our data suggest that disturbances in the expression of mitochondrial large conductance calcium-regulated potassium channels may be hallmarks of cellular senescence and contribute to the misregulation of mitochondrial function in senescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Głuchowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Bases of Aging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Kalenik
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bogusz Kulawiak
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Antoni Wrzosek
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Szewczyk
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Bednarczyk
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Grażyna Mosieniak
- Laboratory of Molecular Bases of Aging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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9
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Alexander SPH, Mathie AA, Peters JA, Veale EL, Striessnig J, Kelly E, Armstrong JF, Faccenda E, Harding SD, Davies JA, Aldrich RW, Attali B, Baggetta AM, Becirovic E, Biel M, Bill RM, Caceres AI, Catterall WA, Conner AC, Davies P, De Clerq K, Delling M, Di Virgilio F, Falzoni S, Fenske S, Fortuny-Gomez A, Fountain S, George C, Goldstein SAN, Grimm C, Grissmer S, Ha K, Hammelmann V, Hanukoglu I, Hu M, Ijzerman AP, Jabba SV, Jarvis M, Jensen AA, Jordt SE, Kaczmarek LK, Kellenberger S, Kennedy C, King B, Kitchen P, Liu Q, Lynch JW, Meades J, Mehlfeld V, Nicke A, Offermanns S, Perez-Reyes E, Plant LD, Rash L, Ren D, Salman MM, Sieghart W, Sivilotti LG, Smart TG, Snutch TP, Tian J, Trimmer JS, Van den Eynde C, Vriens J, Wei AD, Winn BT, Wulff H, Xu H, Yang F, Fang W, Yue L, Zhang X, Zhu M. The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24: Ion channels. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180 Suppl 2:S145-S222. [PMID: 38123150 PMCID: PMC11339754 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24 is the sixth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews, mostly in tabular format, of the key properties of approximately 1800 drug targets, and over 6000 interactions with about 3900 ligands. There is an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide constitutes almost 500 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.16178. Ion channels are one of the six major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: G protein-coupled receptors, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid-2023, and supersedes data presented in the 2021/22, 2019/20, 2017/18, 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC-IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P H Alexander
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Alistair A Mathie
- School of Engineering, Arts, Science and Technology, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, IP4 1QJ, UK
| | - John A Peters
- Neurosci-ence Division, Medical Education Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Emma L Veale
- Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Greenwich and Kent at Medway, Anson Building, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Jörg Striessnig
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eamonn Kelly
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Jane F Armstrong
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Elena Faccenda
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Simon D Harding
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Jamie A Davies
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Martin Biel
- Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul Davies
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | | | - Markus Delling
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chandy George
- Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Kotdaji Ha
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Annette Nicke
- Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research/JW Goethe University, Bad Nauheim/Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Dejian Ren
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jinbin Tian
- University of Texas at Houston, Houston, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lixia Yue
- University of Connecticut, Farmington, USA
| | | | - Michael Zhu
- University of Texas at Houston, Houston, USA
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10
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Wen X, Peng Y, Peng Y, Zhu Y, Yu F, Geng L, Zhou T, Wang X, Feng L, Meng Q. Aortic smooth muscle TRPV4 channels regulate vasoconstriction in high salt-induced hypertension. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:2356-2367. [PMID: 37532951 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have focused on the contribution of vascular endothelial transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels to hypertension. However, in hypertension, TRPV4 channels in vascular smooth muscle remain unexplored. In the present study, we performed wire myograph experiments in isolated aortas from endothelial cell specific TRPV4 channel knockout (TRPV4EC-/-) mice to demonstrate that GSK1016790A (a specific TRPV4 channel agonist) triggered aortic smooth muscle-dependent contractions from mice on a normal-salt diet, and the contractions were enhanced in high-salt diet (HSD) mice. Intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and Ca2+ imaging assays showed that TRPV4-induced [Ca2+]i was significantly higher in aortic smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) from HSD-induced hypertensive mice, and application of an inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) inhibitor markedly attenuated TRPV4-induced [Ca2+]i. IP3R2 expression was enhanced in ASMCs from HSD-induced hypertensive mice and the contractile response induced by TRPV4 was inhibited by the IP3R inhibitor. Whole-transcriptome analysis by RNA-seq and western blot assays revealed the involvement of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) in TRPV4-IRF7-IP3R2 signaling in HSD-induced hypertension. These results suggested that TRPV4 channels regulate smooth muscle-dependent contractions in high salt-induced hypertension, and this contraction involves increased [Ca2+]i, IP3R2, and IRF7 activity. Our study revealed a considerable effect of TRPV4 channels in smooth muscle-dependent contraction in mice during high-salt induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Yidi Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Yuefeng Peng
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Yuzhong Zhu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Fan Yu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Li Geng
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Xianfeng Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Qingyou Meng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, General Surgery Clinical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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11
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Kulawiak B, Żochowska M, Bednarczyk P, Galuba A, Stroud DA, Szewczyk A. Loss of the large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel causes an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in glioblastoma cells. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:1045-1060. [PMID: 37401985 PMCID: PMC10409681 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02833-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial potassium (mitoK) channels play an important role in cellular physiology. These channels are expressed in healthy tissues and cancer cells. Activation of mitoK channels can protect neurons and cardiac tissue against injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion. In cancer cells, inhibition of mitoK channels leads to an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, which leads to cell death. In glioma cell activity of the mitochondrial, large conductance calcium-activated potassium (mitoBKCa) channel is regulated by the mitochondrial respiratory chain. In our project, we used CRISPR/Cas9 technology in human glioblastoma U-87 MG cells to generate knockout cell lines lacking the α-subunit of the BKCa channel encoded by the KCNMA1 gene, which also encodes cardiac mitoBKCa. Mitochondrial patch-clamp experiments showed the absence of an active mitoBKCa channel in knockout cells. Additionally, the absence of this channel resulted in increased levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. However, analysis of the mitochondrial respiration rate did not show significant changes in oxygen consumption in the cell lines lacking BKCa channels compared to the wild-type U-87 MG cell line. These observations were reflected in the expression levels of selected mitochondrial genes, organization of the respiratory chain, and mitochondrial morphology, which did not show significant differences between the analyzed cell lines. In conclusion, we show that in U-87 MG cells, the pore-forming subunit of the mitoBKCa channel is encoded by the KCNMA1 gene. Additionally, the presence of this channel is important for the regulation of reactive oxygen species levels in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogusz Kulawiak
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Monika Żochowska
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Bednarczyk
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Galuba
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - David A Stroud
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam Szewczyk
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
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12
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North KC, Shaw AA, Moreira L, Bukiya AN, Dopico AM. Alcohol and pregnenolone interaction on cerebral arteries through targeting of vascular smooth muscle Ca2+- and voltage-gated K + channels of big conductance. ADVANCES IN DRUG AND ALCOHOL RESEARCH 2023; 3:11735. [PMID: 37846408 PMCID: PMC10578043 DOI: 10.3389/adar.2023.11735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite the significant number of people who may be taking pregnenolone supplements while drinking alcohol (ethanol), the widely documented cerebrovascular actions of pregnenolone and ethanol, and the critical dependence of cerebrovascular function on cerebral artery diameter, there are no studies addressing the effect of pregnenolone + ethanol in combination on cerebral artery diameter. We investigated this by evaluating the effect of this combination on middle cerebral artery diameter in male and female C57BL/6J mice, both in vivo and in vitro. The use of de-endothelialized, in vitro pressurized middle cerebral artery segments allowed us to conduct a concentration-response study of constriction induced by pregnenolone ± ethanol, in which drug action could be evaluated independently of circulating and endothelial factors. In both male and female animals, pregnenolone at lower concentrations (≤1 μM) was found to synergize with 50 mM ethanol to cause vasoconstriction. In both sexes, this synergism was lost as one or both vasoconstrictors approached their maximally effective concentrations (75 mM and 10 μM for ethanol and pregnenolone, respectively), whether this was evaluated in vitro or in vivo using a cranial window. Vasoconstriction by pregnenolone + ethanol was abolished by 1 μM paxilline, indicating BK channel involvement. Moreover, cell-free recordings of BK channel activity in cerebral artery myocyte membranes showed that 10 μM pregnenolone and pregnenolone +50 mM ethanol reduced channel activity to an identical extent, suggesting that these drugs inhibit cerebrovascular BK channels via a common mechanism or mechanisms. Indeed, pregnenolone was found to disrupt allosteric coupling to C a 2 + -driven gating, as previously reported for ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey C. North
- Department Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Andrew A. Shaw
- Department Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Luiz Moreira
- Department Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Anna N. Bukiya
- Department Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Alex M. Dopico
- Department Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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13
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Mysiewicz SC, Hawks SM, Bukiya AN, Dopico AM. Differential Functional Contribution of BK Channel Subunits to Aldosterone-Induced Channel Activation in Vascular Smooth Muscle and Eventual Cerebral Artery Dilation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108704. [PMID: 37240049 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium/voltage-activated potassium channels (BK) control smooth muscle (SM) tone and cerebral artery diameter. They include channel-forming α and regulatory β1 subunits, the latter being highly expressed in SM. Both subunits participate in steroid-induced modification of BK activity: β1 provides recognition for estradiol and cholanes, resulting in BK potentiation, whereas α suffices for BK inhibition by cholesterol or pregnenolone. Aldosterone can modify cerebral artery function independently of its effects outside the brain, yet BK involvement in aldosterone's cerebrovascular action and identification of channel subunits, possibly involved in steroid action, remains uninvestigated. Using microscale thermophoresis, we demonstrated that each subunit type presents two recognition sites for aldosterone: at 0.3 and ≥10 µM for α and at 0.3-1 µM and ≥100 µM for β1. Next, we probed aldosterone on SM BK activity and diameter of middle cerebral artery (MCA) isolated from β1-/- vs. wt mice. Data showed that β1 leftward-shifted aldosterone-induced BK activation, rendering EC50~3 μM and ECMAX ≥ 10 μM, at which BK activity increased by 20%. At similar concentrations, aldosterone mildly yet significantly dilated MCA independently of circulating and endothelial factors. Lastly, aldosterone-induced MCA dilation was lost in β1-/- mice. Therefore, β1 enables BK activation and MCA dilation by low µM aldosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Mysiewicz
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Sydney M Hawks
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Anna N Bukiya
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Alex M Dopico
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
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14
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Barnett SD, Asif H, Buxton ILO. Novel identification and modulation of the mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel in human myometrium. J Physiol 2023; 601:1675-1690. [PMID: 35941750 PMCID: PMC9905381 DOI: 10.1113/jp283299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 10% of US births deliver preterm before 37 weeks of completed gestation. Premature infants are at risk for life-long debilitating morbidities and death, and spontaneous preterm labour explains 50% of preterm births. In all cases existing treatments are ineffective, and none are FDA approved. The mechanisms that initiate preterm labour are not well understood but may result from dysfunctional regulation of quiescence mechanisms. Human pregnancy is accompanied by large increases in blood flow, and the uterus must enlarge by orders of magnitude to accommodate the growing fetus. This mechanical strain suggests that stretch-activated channels may constitute a mechanism to explain gestational quiescence. Here we identify for the first time that Piezo1, a mechanosensitive cation channel, is present in the uterine smooth muscle and microvascular endothelium of pregnant myometrium. Piezo is downregulated during preterm labour, and stimulation of myometrial Piezo1 in an organ bath with the agonist Yoda1 relaxes the tissue in a dose-dependent fashion. Further, stimulation of Piezo1 while inhibiting protein kinase A, AKT, or endothelial nitric oxide synthase mutes the negative inotropic effects of Piezo1 activation, intimating that actions on the myocyte and endothelial nitric oxide signalling contribute to Piezo1-mediated contractile dynamics. Taken together, these data highlight the importance of stretch-activated channels in pregnancy maintenance and parturition, and identify Piezo1 as a tocolytic target of interest. KEY POINTS: Spontaneous preterm labour is a serious obstetric dilemma without a known cause or effective treatments. Piezo1 is a stretch-activated channel important to muscle contractile dynamics. Piezo1 is present in the myometrium and is dysregulated in women who experience preterm labour. Activation of Piezo1 by the agonist Yoda1 relaxes the myometrium in a dose-dependent fashion, indicating that Piezo1 modulation may have therapeutic benefits to treat preterm labour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Barnett
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Hazik Asif
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Iain L O Buxton
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
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15
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Takács R, Kovács P, Ebeid RA, Almássy J, Fodor J, Ducza L, Barrett-Jolley R, Lewis R, Matta C. Ca2+-Activated K+ Channels in Progenitor Cells of Musculoskeletal Tissues: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076796. [PMID: 37047767 PMCID: PMC10095002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders represent one of the main causes of disability worldwide, and their prevalence is predicted to increase in the coming decades. Stem cell therapy may be a promising option for the treatment of some of the musculoskeletal diseases. Although significant progress has been made in musculoskeletal stem cell research, osteoarthritis, the most-common musculoskeletal disorder, still lacks curative treatment. To fine-tune stem-cell-based therapy, it is necessary to focus on the underlying biological mechanisms. Ion channels and the bioelectric signals they generate control the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of musculoskeletal progenitor cells. Calcium- and voltage-activated potassium (KCa) channels are key players in cell physiology in cells of the musculoskeletal system. This review article focused on the big conductance (BK) KCa channels. The regulatory function of BK channels requires interactions with diverse sets of proteins that have different functions in tissue-resident stem cells. In this narrative review article, we discuss the main ion channels of musculoskeletal stem cells, with a focus on calcium-dependent potassium channels, especially on the large conductance BK channel. We review their expression and function in progenitor cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration and highlight gaps in current knowledge on their involvement in musculoskeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Takács
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Patrik Kovács
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Rana Abdelsattar Ebeid
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Almássy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1428 Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Fodor
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Ducza
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Richard Barrett-Jolley
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Rebecca Lewis
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Csaba Matta
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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16
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Mysiewicz S, North KC, Moreira L, Odum SJ, Bukiya AN, Dopico AM. Interspecies and regional variability of alcohol action on large cerebral arteries: regulation by KCNMB1 proteins. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 324:R480-R496. [PMID: 36717168 PMCID: PMC10027090 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00103.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol intake leading to blood ethanol concentrations (BEC) ≥ legal intoxication modifies brain blood flow with increases in some regions and decreases in others. Brain regions receive blood from the Willis' circle branches: anterior, middle (MCA) and posterior cerebral (PCA), and basilar (BA) arteries. Rats and mice have been used to identify the targets mediating ethanol-induced effects on cerebral arteries, with conclusions being freely interchanged, albeit data were obtained in different species/arterial branches. We tested whether ethanol action on cerebral arteries differed between male rat and mouse and/or across different brain regions and identified the targets of alcohol action. In both species and all Willis' circle branches, ethanol evoked reversible and concentration-dependent constriction (EC50s ≈ 37-86 mM; below lethal BEC in alcohol-naïve humans). Although showing similar constriction to depolarization, both species displayed differential responses to ethanol: in mice, MCA constriction was highly sensitive to the presence/absence of the endothelium, whereas in rat PCA was significantly more sensitive to ethanol than its mouse counterpart. In the rat, but not the mouse, BA was more ethanol sensitive than other branches. Both interspecies and regional variability were ameliorated by endothelium. Selective large conductance (BK) channel block in de-endothelialized vessels demonstrated that these channels were the effectors of alcohol-induced cerebral artery constriction across regions and species. Variabilities in alcohol actions did not fully matched KCNMB1 expression across vessels. However, immunofluorescence data from KCNMB1-/- mouse arteries electroporated with KCNMB1-coding cDNA demonstrate that KCNMB1 proteins, which regulate smooth muscle (SM) BK channel function and vasodilation, regulate interspecies and regional variability of brain artery responses to alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Mysiewicz
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Kelsey C North
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Luiz Moreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Schyler J Odum
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Anna N Bukiya
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Alex M Dopico
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
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17
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Tahaei E, Pham TD, Al-Qusairi L, Grimm R, Wall SM, Welling PA. Pendrin regulation is prioritized by anion in high-potassium diets. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 324:F256-F266. [PMID: 36656986 PMCID: PMC9942896 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00128.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cl-/[Formula: see text] exchanger pendrin in the kidney maintains acid-base balance and intravascular volume. Pendrin is upregulated in models associated with high circulating aldosterone concentration, such as dietary NaCl restriction or an aldosterone infusion. However, it has not been established if pendrin is similarly regulated by aldosterone with a high-K+ diet because the effects of accompanying anions have not been considered. Here, we explored how pendrin is modulated by different dietary potassium salts. Wild-type (WT) and aldosterone synthase (AS) knockout (KO) mice were randomized to control, high-KHCO3, or high-KCl diets. Dietary KCl and KHCO3 loading increased aldosterone in WT mice to the same extent but had opposite effects on pendrin abundance. KHCO3 loading increased pendrin protein and transcript abundance. Conversely, high-KCl diet feeding caused pendrin to decrease within 8 h of switching from the high-KHCO3 diet, coincident with an increase in plasma Cl- and a decrease in [Formula: see text]. In contrast, switching the high-KCl diet to the high-KHCO3 diet caused pendrin to increase in WT mice. Experiments in AS KO mice revealed that aldosterone is necessary to optimally upregulate pendrin protein in response to the high-KHCO3 diet but not to increase pendrin mRNA. We conclude that pendrin is differentially regulated by different dietary potassium salts and that its regulation is prioritized by the dietary anion, providing a mechanism to prevent metabolic alkalosis with high-K+ base diets and safeguard against hyperchloremic acidosis with consumption of high-KCl diets.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Regulation of the Cl-/[Formula: see text] exchanger pendrin has been suggested to explain the aldosterone paradox. A high-K+ diet has been proposed to downregulate a pendrin-mediated K+-sparing NaCl reabsorption pathway to maximize urinary K+ excretion. Here, we challenged the hypothesis, revealing that the accompanying anion, not K+, drives pendrin expression. Pendrin is downregulated with a high-KCl diet, preventing acidosis, and upregulated with an alkaline-rich high-K+ diet, preventing metabolic alkalosis. Pendrin regulation is prioritized for acid-base balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Tahaei
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Truyen D Pham
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Lama Al-Qusairi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Rick Grimm
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Susan M Wall
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Paul A Welling
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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18
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Zyrianova T, Zou K, Lopez B, Liao A, Gu C, Olcese R, Schwingshackl A. Activation of Endothelial Large Conductance Potassium Channels Protects against TNF-α-Induced Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4087. [PMID: 36835507 PMCID: PMC9961193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated TNF-α levels in serum and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid of acute lung injury patients correlate with mortality rates. We hypothesized that pharmacological plasma membrane potential (Em) hyperpolarization protects against TNF-α-induced CCL-2 and IL-6 secretion from human pulmonary endothelial cells through inhibition of inflammatory Ca2+-dependent MAPK pathways. Since the role of Ca2+ influx in TNF-α-mediated inflammation remains poorly understood, we explored the role of L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ (CaV) channels in TNF-α-induced CCL-2 and IL-6 secretion from human pulmonary endothelial cells. The CaV channel blocker, Nifedipine, decreased both CCL-2 and IL-6 secretion, suggesting that a fraction of CaV channels is open at the significantly depolarized resting Em of human microvascular pulmonary endothelial cells (-6 ± 1.9 mV), as shown by whole-cell patch-clamp measurements. To further explore the role of CaV channels in cytokine secretion, we demonstrated that the beneficial effects of Nifedipine could also be achieved by Em hyperpolarization via the pharmacological activation of large conductance K+ (BK) channels with NS1619, which elicited a similar decrease in CCL-2 but not IL-6 secretion. Using functional gene enrichment analysis tools, we predicted and validated that known Ca2+-dependent kinases, JNK-1/2 and p38, are the most likely pathways to mediate the decrease in CCL-2 secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Zyrianova
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kathlyn Zou
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Benjamin Lopez
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Andy Liao
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Charles Gu
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Riccardo Olcese
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Departments of Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Andreas Schwingshackl
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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19
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Vaithianathan T, Schneider EH, Bukiya AN, Dopico AM. Cholesterol and PIP 2 Modulation of BK Ca Channels. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1422:217-243. [PMID: 36988883 PMCID: PMC10683925 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21547-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Ca2+/voltage-gated, large conductance K+ channels (BKCa) are formed by homotetrameric association of α (slo1) subunits. Their activity, however, is suited to tissue-specific physiology largely due to their association with regulatory subunits (β and γ types), chaperone proteins, localized signaling, and the channel's lipid microenvironment. PIP2 and cholesterol can modulate BKCa activity independently of downstream signaling, yet activating Ca2+i levels and regulatory subunits control ligand action. At physiological Ca2+i and voltages, cholesterol and PIP2 reduce and increase slo1 channel activity, respectively. Moreover, slo1 proteins provide sites that seem to recognize cholesterol and PIP2: seven CRAC motifs in the slo1 cytosolic tail and a string of positively charged residues (Arg329, Lys330, Lys331) immediately after S6, respectively. A model that could explain the modulation of BKCa activity by cholesterol and/or PIP2 is hypothesized. The roles of additional sites, whether in slo1 or BKCa regulatory subunits, for PIP2 and/or cholesterol to modulate BKCa function are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirumalini Vaithianathan
- Department Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Elizabeth H Schneider
- Department Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Anna N Bukiya
- Department Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Alex M Dopico
- Department Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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20
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Staruschenko A, Ma R, Palygin O, Dryer SE. Ion channels and channelopathies in glomeruli. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:787-854. [PMID: 36007181 PMCID: PMC9662803 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00013.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An essential step in renal function entails the formation of an ultrafiltrate that is delivered to the renal tubules for subsequent processing. This process, known as glomerular filtration, is controlled by intrinsic regulatory systems and by paracrine, neuronal, and endocrine signals that converge onto glomerular cells. In addition, the characteristics of glomerular fluid flow, such as the glomerular filtration rate and the glomerular filtration fraction, play an important role in determining blood flow to the rest of the kidney. Consequently, disease processes that initially affect glomeruli are the most likely to lead to end-stage kidney failure. The cells that comprise the glomerular filter, especially podocytes and mesangial cells, express many different types of ion channels that regulate intrinsic aspects of cell function and cellular responses to the local environment, such as changes in glomerular capillary pressure. Dysregulation of glomerular ion channels, such as changes in TRPC6, can lead to devastating glomerular diseases, and a number of channels, including TRPC6, TRPC5, and various ionotropic receptors, are promising targets for drug development. This review discusses glomerular structure and glomerular disease processes. It also describes the types of plasma membrane ion channels that have been identified in glomerular cells, the physiological and pathophysiological contexts in which they operate, and the pathways by which they are regulated and dysregulated. The contributions of these channels to glomerular disease processes, such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and diabetic nephropathy, as well as the development of drugs that target these channels are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
- Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, Florida
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Stuart E Dryer
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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21
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Bi J, Duan Y, Wang M, He C, Li X, Zhang X, Tao Y, Du Y, Liu H. Deletion of large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels promotes vascular remodelling through the CTRP7-mediated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:1-11. [PMID: 36514218 PMCID: PMC10157624 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channel is a critical regulator and potential therapeutic target of vascular tone and architecture, and abnormal expression or dysfunction of this channel is linked to many vascular diseases. Vascular remodelling is the early pathological basis of severe vascular diseases. Delaying the progression of vascular remodelling can reduce cardiovascular events, but the pathogenesis remains unclear. To clarify the role of BK channels in vascular remodelling, we use rats with BK channel α subunit knockout (BK α ‒/‒). The results show that BK α ‒/‒ rats have smaller inner and outer diameters, thickened aortic walls, increased fibrosis, and disordered elastic fibers of the aortas compared with WT rats. When the expression and function of BK α are inhibited in human umbilical arterial smooth muscle cells (HUASMCs), the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), MMP9, and interleukin-6 are enhanced, while the expressions of smooth muscle cell contractile phenotype proteins are reduced. RNA sequencing, bioinformatics analysis and qPCR verification show that C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein 7 ( CTRP7) is the downstream target gene. Furthermore, except for that of MMPs, a similar pattern of IL-6, smooth muscle cell contractile phenotype proteins expression trend is observed after CTRP7 knockdown. Moreover, knockdown of both BK α and CTRP7 in HUASMCs activates PI3K/Akt signaling. Additionally, CTRP7 is expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and BK α deficiency activates the PI3K/Akt pathway by reducing CTRP7 level. Therefore, we first show that BK channel deficiency leads to vascular remodelling. The BK channel and CTRP7 may serve as potential targets for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Bi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disturbance Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yanru Duan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disturbance Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Meili Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disturbance Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Chunyu He
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disturbance Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaoyue Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disturbance Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disturbance Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yan Tao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disturbance Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yunhui Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huirong Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disturbance Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing 100069, China
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22
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Mapping the functional expression of auxiliary subunits of K Ca1.1 in glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22023. [PMID: 36539587 PMCID: PMC9768140 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26196-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive glial tumor, where ion channels, including KCa1.1, are candidates for new therapeutic options. Since the auxiliary subunits linked to KCa1.1 in GBM are largely unknown we used electrophysiology combined with pharmacology and gene silencing to address the functional expression of KCa1.1/β subunits complexes in both primary tumor cells and in the glioblastoma cell line U-87 MG. The pattern of the sensitivity (activation/inhibition) of the whole-cell currents to paxilline, lithocholic acid, arachidonic acid, and iberiotoxin; the presence of inactivation of the whole-cell current along with the loss of the outward rectification upon exposure to the reducing agent DTT collectively argue that KCa1.1/β3 complex is expressed in U-87 MG. Similar results were found using human primary glioblastoma cells isolated from patient samples. Silencing the β3 subunit expression inhibited carbachol-induced Ca2+ transients in U-87 MG thereby indicating the role of the KCa1.1/β3 in the Ca2+ signaling of glioblastoma cells. Functional expression of the KCa1.1/β3 complex, on the other hand, lacks cell cycle dependence. We suggest that the KCa1.1/β3 complex may have diagnostic and therapeutic potential in glioblastoma in the future.
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23
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Blackwell JA, Silva JF, Louis EM, Savu A, Largent-Milnes TM, Brooks HL, Pires PW. Cerebral arteriolar and neurovascular dysfunction after chemically induced menopause in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H845-H860. [PMID: 36149767 PMCID: PMC9602916 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00276.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive decline is linked to decreased cerebral blood flow, particularly in women after menopause. Impaired cerebrovascular function precedes the onset of dementia, possibly because of reduced functional dilation in parenchymal arterioles. These vessels are bottlenecks of the cerebral microcirculation, and dysfunction can limit functional hyperemia in the brain. Large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (BKCa) are the final effectors of several pathways responsible for functional hyperemia, and their expression is modulated by estrogen. However, it remains unknown whether BKCa function is altered in cerebral parenchymal arterioles after menopause. Using a chemically induced model of menopause, the 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) model, which depletes follicles while maintaining intact ovaries, we hypothesized that menopause would be associated with reduced functional vasodilatory responses in cerebral parenchymal arterioles of wild-type mice via reduced BKCa function. Using pressure myography of isolated parenchymal arterioles, we observed that menopause (Meno) induced a significant increase in spontaneous myogenic tone. Endothelial function, assessed as nitric oxide production and dilation after cholinergic stimulation or endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization pathways, was unaffected by Meno. BKCa function was significantly impaired in Meno compared with control, without changes in voltage-gated K+ channel activity. Cerebral functional hyperemia, measured by laser-speckle contrast imaging during whisker stimulation, was significantly blunted in Meno mice, without detectable changes in basal perfusion. However, behavioral testing identified no change in cognition. These findings suggest that menopause induces cerebral microvascular and neurovascular deficits.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Cerebral parenchymal arterioles from menopause mice showed increased myogenic tone. We identified an impairment in smooth muscle cell BKCa channel activity, without a reduction in endothelium-dependent dilation or nitric oxide production. Microvascular dysfunction was associated with a reduction in neurovascular responses after somatosensory stimulation. Despite the neurovascular impairment, cognitive abilities were maintained in menopausal mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade A Blackwell
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Josiane F Silva
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Emma M Louis
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Andrea Savu
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Tally M Largent-Milnes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Heddwen L Brooks
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Paulo W Pires
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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24
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Slayden AV, Dyer CL, Ma D, Li W, Bukiya AN, Parrill AL, Dopico AM. Discovery of agonist-antagonist pairs for the modulation of Ca [2]+ and voltage-gated K + channels of large conductance that contain beta1 subunits. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 68:116876. [PMID: 35716586 PMCID: PMC10464842 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Large conductance, calcium/voltage-gated potassium channels (BK) regulate critical body processes, including neuronal, secretory and smooth muscle (SM) function. While BK-forming alpha subunits are ubiquitous, accessory beta1 subunits are highly expressed in SM. This makes beta1 an attractive target for pharmaceutical development to treat SM disorders, such as hypertension or cerebrovascular spasm. Compounds activating BK via beta1 have been identified, yet they exhibit low potency and off-target effects while antagonists that limit agonist activity via beta 1 remain unexplored. Beta1-dependent BK ligand-based pharmacophore modeling and ZINC database searches identified 15 commercially available hits. Concentration-response curves on BK alpha + beta1 subunit-mediated currents were obtained in CHO cells. One potent (EC50 = 20 nM) and highly efficacious activator (maximal activation = ×10.3 of control) was identified along with a potent antagonist (KB = 3.02 nM), both of which were dependent on beta1. Our study provides the first proof-of-principle that an agonist/antagonist pair can be used to control beta1-containing BK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria V Slayden
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN, 38103, USA
| | - Christy L Dyer
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis TN, 38152, USA
| | - Dejian Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN, 38163, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN, 38163, USA
| | - Anna N Bukiya
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN, 38103, USA
| | - Abby L Parrill
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis TN, 38152, USA
| | - Alex M Dopico
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN, 38103, USA.
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25
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Lemtiri-Chlieh F, Baker DS, Al-Naggar IM, Ramasamy R, Kuchel GA, Levine ES, Robson P, Smith PP. The hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated channel resides on myocytes in mouse bladders and contributes to adrenergic-induced detrusor relaxation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 323:R110-R122. [PMID: 35503519 PMCID: PMC9236879 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00277.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Control of urinary continence is predicated on sensory signaling about bladder volume. Bladder sensory nerve activity is dependent on tension, implicating autonomic control over detrusor myocyte activity during bladder filling. Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) ion channels are known contributors to bladder control, but their mechanism of action is not well understood. The lack of a definitive identification of cell type(s) expressing HCN in the bladder presents a significant knowledge gap. We recently reported a complete transcriptomic atlas of the C57BL/6 mouse bladder showing the dominant HCN paralog in mouse bladder, Hcn1, is limited to a subpopulation of detrusor smooth myocytes (DSMs). Here, we report details of these findings, along with results of patch-clamp experiments, immunohistochemistry, and functional myobath/tension experiments in bladder strips. With the use of a transgenic mouse expressing fluorescence-tagged α-smooth muscle actin, our data confirmed location and function of DSM HCN channels. Despite previous associations of HCN with postulated bladder interstitial cells, neither evidence of specific interstitial cell types nor an association of nonmyocytes with HCN was discovered. We confirm that HCN activation participates in reducing sustained (tonic) detrusor tension via cAMP, with no effect on intermittent (phasic) detrusor activity. In contrast, blockade of HCN increases phasic activity induced by a protein kinase A (PKA) blocker or a large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channel opener. Our findings, therefore, suggest a central role for detrusor myocyte HCN in regulating and constraining detrusor myocyte activity during bladder filling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouad Lemtiri-Chlieh
- 1University of Connecticut Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut,5Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Dylan S. Baker
- 1University of Connecticut Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut,4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut,7The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Iman M. Al-Naggar
- 1University of Connecticut Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut,6Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Ramalakshmi Ramasamy
- 1University of Connecticut Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut,5Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - George A. Kuchel
- 1University of Connecticut Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Eric S. Levine
- 2Connecticut Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut,5Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Paul Robson
- 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut,7The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Phillip P. Smith
- 1University of Connecticut Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut,2Connecticut Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut,3Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
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26
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Lansdell TA, Chambers LC, Dorrance AM. Endothelial Cells and the Cerebral Circulation. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3449-3508. [PMID: 35766836 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells form the innermost layer of all blood vessels and are the only vascular component that remains throughout all vascular segments. The cerebral vasculature has several unique properties not found in the peripheral circulation; this requires that the cerebral endothelium be considered as a unique entity. Cerebral endothelial cells perform several functions vital for brain health. The cerebral vasculature is responsible for protecting the brain from external threats carried in the blood. The endothelial cells are central to this requirement as they form the basis of the blood-brain barrier. The endothelium also regulates fibrinolysis, thrombosis, platelet activation, vascular permeability, metabolism, catabolism, inflammation, and white cell trafficking. Endothelial cells regulate the changes in vascular structure caused by angiogenesis and artery remodeling. Further, the endothelium contributes to vascular tone, allowing proper perfusion of the brain which has high energy demands and no energy stores. In this article, we discuss the basic anatomy and physiology of the cerebral endothelium. Where appropriate, we discuss the detrimental effects of high blood pressure on the cerebral endothelium and the contribution of cerebrovascular disease endothelial dysfunction and dementia. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3449-3508, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa A Lansdell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Laura C Chambers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Anne M Dorrance
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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27
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Zhao M, Xu T, Lei J, Ji B, Gao Q. Unveiling the Role of DNA Methylation in Vascular CACNA1C Tissue–Specific Expression. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:872977. [PMID: 35711357 PMCID: PMC9197502 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.872977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C (CACNA1C) plays a critical role in many vascular physiological and pathological processes. Determining its tissue-specific expression pattern and clarifying the underlying molecular mechanisms are necessary and meaningful. Methods We selected several representative vessels from normal male Sprague-Dawley rats. Vessel tissue or primary vascular smooth muscle cells were isolated for vascular function, electrophysiology, gene expression and promoter methylation studies. Results We found CACNA1C had tissue-specific expressions in vessels. The specific manifestations were as follows: CACNA1C expression was highest in thoracic aorta, second lowest in middle cerebral and pulmonary artery, and lowest in mesenteric artery. Excitingly, an opposing trend was observed between CACNA1C expression and its promoter methylation. Conclusions This study was the first report to indicate that DNA methylation could be involved in regulating CACNA1C tissue-specific expressions and vasoconstriction function in vascular system. This study not only provided more information for further understanding the physiological characteristics of vascular CACNA1C expressions, also strengthened the idea that DNA methylation plays important roles in regulating vascular smooth muscle cells function and the consequent occurrence of vascular diseases.
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28
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A novel role of BK potassium channel activity in preventing the development of kidney fibrosis. Kidney Int 2022; 101:945-962. [PMID: 34968553 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is a common characteristic of chronic kidney disease and while the large conductance voltage and calcium-activated potassium channel (BK) is widely expressed in kidneys, its role in kidney fibrosis is unknown. To evaluate this, we found that BK protein expression was decreased in the fibrotic kidneys. Accompanying this was increased fibrotic marker protein expression of fibronectin, vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin and increased mRNA expressions of fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin, collagen III and collagen I. These changes occurred in the unilateral ureteral obstruction and folic acid models of fibrosis and were more pronounced in BK knockout than in wild-type mice. Activation of BK activity by chemical NS1619 or BMS191011 channel openers attenuated kidney fibrosis in these two models while protecting kidney function in wild-type mice. BK deficiency up-regulated transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/transcription factor Smad2/3 signaling in the fibrotic kidney, whereas activation of BK activity inhibited this signaling pathway both in vivo and in vitro. BK channel activation increased the degradation of TGF-β receptors induced by TGF-β1 in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, in cell lines HK-2, NRK49, and NRK-52E, BK channel activation by NS1619 led to increased caveolae formation and facilitated localization of TGF-β receptors in the microdomains of lipid rafts. Thus, our data demonstrated that BK activation has an anti-fibrotic effect on kidney fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-β signaling pathway through accelerating TGF-β receptor degradation via the caveolae route. Hence, our study provides innovative insight into BK as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of kidney fibrosis.
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29
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Metabolic regulation and dysregulation of endothelial small conductance calcium activated potassium channels. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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30
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AL-DHUHLI F, AL-SIYABI S, AL-MAAMARI H, AL-FARSI S, ALBARWANI S. Moderate-Intensity Exercise Training Reduces Vasorelaxation of Mesenteric Arteries: Role of BKCa Channels and Nitric Oxide. Physiol Res 2022; 71:67-77. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training (ET) is well established to induce vascular adaptations on the metabolically active muscles. These adaptations include increased function of vascular potassium channels and enhanced endothelium-dependent relaxations. However, the available data on the effect of ET on vasculatures that normally constrict during exercise, such as mesenteric arteries (MA), are scarce and not conclusive. Therefore, this study hypothesized that 10 weeks of moderate-intensity ET would result in adaptations towards more vasoconstriction or/and less vasodilatation of MA. Young Fischer 344 rats were randomly assigned to a sedentary group (SED; n=24) or exercise training group (EXE; n=28). The EXE rats underwent a progressive treadmill ET program for 10 weeks. Isometric tensions of small (SED; 252.9±29.5 µm, EXE; 248.6±34.4 µm) and large (SED; 397.7±85.3 µm, EXE; 414.0±86.95 µm) MA were recorded in response to cumulative phenylephrine concentrations (PE; 0-30 µM) in the presence and absence of the BKCa channel blocker, Iberiotoxin (100 nM). In another set of experiments, tensions in response to cumulative concentration-response curves of acetylcholine (ACh) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were obtained, and pEC50s were compared. Immunoblotting was performed to measure protein expression levels of the BKCa channel subunits and eNOS. ET did not alter the basal tension of small and large MA but significantly increased their responses to PE, and reduced the effect of BKCa channels in opposing the contractile responses to PE without changes in the protein expression level of BKCa subunits. ET also elicited a size-dependent functional adaptations that involved reduced endothelium-independent and endothelium-dependent relaxations. In large MA the sensitivity to SNP was decreased more than in small MA suggesting impaired nitric oxide (NO)-dependent mechanisms within the vascular smooth muscle cells of ET group. Whereas the shift in pEC50 of ACh-induced relaxation of small MA would suggest more effect on the production of NO within the endothelium, which is not changed in large MA of ET group. However, the eNOS protein expression level was not significantly changed between the ET and SED groups. In conclusion, our results indicate an increase in contraction and reduced relaxation of MA after 10 weeks of ET, an adaptation that may help shunt blood flow to metabolically active tissues during acute exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- F AL-DHUHLI
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - S AL-SIYABI
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - H AL-MAAMARI
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - S AL-FARSI
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - S ALBARWANI
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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31
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Gao L, Zhao J, Ardiel EL, Hall Q, Nurrish S, Kaplan JM. Shank promotes action potential repolarization by recruiting BK channels to calcium microdomains. eLife 2022; 11:75140. [PMID: 35266450 PMCID: PMC8937234 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations altering the scaffolding protein Shank are linked to several psychiatric disorders, and to synaptic and behavioral defects in mice. Among its many binding partners, Shank directly binds CaV1 voltage activated calcium channels. Here we show that the C. elegans SHN-1/Shank promotes CaV1 coupling to calcium activated potassium channels. Mutations inactivating SHN-1, and those preventing SHN-1 binding to EGL-19/CaV1 all increase action potential durations in body muscles. Action potential repolarization is mediated by two classes of potassium channels: SHK-1/KCNA and SLO-1 and SLO-2 BK channels. BK channels are calcium-dependent, and their activation requires tight coupling to EGL-19/CaV1 channels. SHN-1's effects on AP duration are mediated by changes in BK channels. In shn-1 mutants, SLO-2 currents and channel clustering are significantly decreased in both body muscles and neurons. Finally, increased and decreased shn-1 gene copy number produce similar changes in AP width and SLO-2 current. Collectively, these results suggest that an important function of Shank is to promote microdomain coupling of BK with CaV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Gao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Evan L Ardiel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Qi Hall
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Stephen Nurrish
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Joshua M Kaplan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
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32
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Activating BK channels ameliorates vascular smooth muscle calcification through Akt signaling. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:624-633. [PMID: 34163023 PMCID: PMC8888620 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00704-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is characterized by pathological depositions of calcium and phosphate in the arteries and veins via an active cell-regulated process, in which vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) transform into osteoblast/chondrocyte-like cells as in bone formation. VC is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study we investigated the role of large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels in 3 experimental VC models. VC was induced in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) by β-glycerophosphate (β-GP), or in rats by subtotal nephrectomy, or in mice by high-dosage vitamin D3. We showed that the expression of BK channels in the artery of CKD rats with VC and in β-GP-treated VSMCs was significantly decreased, which was functionally confirmed by patch-clamp recording. In β-GP-treated VSMCs, BK channel opener NS1619 (20 μM) significantly alleviated VC by decreasing calcium content and alkaline phosphatase activity. Furthermore, NS1619 decreased mRNA expression of ostoegenic genes OCN and OPN, as well as Runx2 (a key transcription factor involved in preosteoblast to osteoblast differentiation), and increased the expression of α-SMA protein, whereas BK channel inhibitor paxilline (10 μM) caused the opposite effects. In primary cultured VSMCs from BK-/- mice, BK deficiency aggravated calcification as did BK channel inhibitor in normal VSMCs. Moreover, calcification was more severe in thoracic aorta rings of BK-/- mice than in those of wild-type littermates. Administration of BK channel activator BMS191011 (10 mg· kg-1 ·d-1) in high-dosage vitamin D3-treated mice significantly ameliorated calcification. Finally, co-treatment with Akt inhibitor MK2206 (1 μM) or FoxO1 inhibitor AS1842856 (3 μM) in calcified VSMCs abrogated the effects of BK channel opener NS1619. Taken together, activation of BK channels ameliorates VC via Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathways. Strategies to activate BK channels and/or enhance BK channel expression may offer therapeutic avenues to control VC.
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Gonzalez-Perez V, Zhou Y, Ciorba MA, Lingle CJ. The LRRC family of BK channel regulatory subunits: potential roles in health and disease. J Physiol 2022; 600:1357-1371. [PMID: 35014034 PMCID: PMC8930516 DOI: 10.1113/jp281952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Large conductance K+ channels, termed BK channels, regulate a variety of cellular and physiological functions. Although universally activated by changes in voltage or [Ca2+ ]i , the threshold for BK channel activation varies among loci of expression, often arising from cell-specific regulatory subunits including a family of leucine rich repeat-containing (LRRC) γ subunits (LRRC26, LRRC52, LRRC55 and LRRC38). The 'founding' member of this family, LRRC26, was originally identified as a tumour suppressor in various cancers. An LRRC26 knockout (KO) mouse model recently revealed that LRRC26 is also highly expressed in secretory epithelial cells and partners with BK channels in the salivary gland and colonic goblet cells to promote sustained K+ fluxes likely essential for normal secretory function. To accomplish this, LRRC26 negatively shifts the range of BK channel activation such that channels contribute to K+ flux near typical epithelial cell resting conditions. In colon, the absence of LRRC26 increases vulnerability to colitis. LRRC26-containing BK channels are also likely important regulators of epithelial function in other loci, including airways, female reproductive tract and mammary gland. Based on an LRRC52 KO mouse model, LRRC52 regulation of large conductance K+ channels plays a role both in sperm function and in cochlear inner hair cells. Although our understanding of LRRC-containing BK channels remains rudimentary, KO mouse models may help define other organs in which LRRC-containing channels support normal function. A key topic for future work concerns identification of endogenous mechanisms, whether post-translational or via gene regulation, that may impact LRRC-dependent pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Gonzalez-Perez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Matthew A. Ciorba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO 63110 USA
| | - Christopher J. Lingle
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA
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Imaizumi Y. Reciprocal Relationship between Ca 2+ Signaling and Ca 2+-Gated Ion Channels as a Potential Target for Drug Discovery. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1-18. [PMID: 34980771 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cellular Ca2+ signaling functions as one of the most common second messengers of various signal transduction pathways in cells and mediates a number of physiological roles in a cell-type dependent manner. Ca2+ signaling also regulates more general and fundamental cellular activities, including cell proliferation and apoptosis. Among ion channels, Ca2+-permeable channels in the plasma membrane as well as endo- and sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes play important roles in Ca2+ signaling by directly contributing to the influx of Ca2+ from extracellular spaces or its release from storage sites, respectively. Furthermore, Ca2+-gated ion channels in the plasma membrane often crosstalk reciprocally with Ca2+ signals and are central to the regulation of cellular functions. This review focuses on the physiological and pharmacological impact of i) Ca2+-gated ion channels as an apparatus for the conversion of cellular Ca2+ signals to intercellularly propagative electrical signals and ii) the opposite feedback regulation of Ca2+ signaling by Ca2+-gated ion channel activities in excitable and non-excitable cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Imaizumi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
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Estrogen-Induced Uterine Vasodilation in Pregnancy and Preeclampsia. MATERNAL-FETAL MEDICINE 2022; 4:52-60. [PMID: 35072088 PMCID: PMC8772435 DOI: 10.1097/fm9.0000000000000132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal pregnancy is associated with dramatically increased estrogen biosynthesis whose role is believed to raise uterine blood flow to facilitate the bi-directional maternal-fetal exchanges of gases (O2 and CO2), to deliver nutrients, and exhaust wastes to support fetal development and survival. Constrained uterine blood flow in pregnancy is a leading cause of preeclampsia with fetal growth restriction, rendering investigations of uterine hemodynamics to hold a high promise to inform pathways as targets for therapeutic interventions for preeclampsia. The mechanisms of estrogen-induced uterine vasodilation in pregnancy have long been attributed to enhanced endothelium production of nitric oxide, but clinical trials targeting this pathway that dominates uterine hemodynamics have achieved no to little success. Emerging evidence has recently shown a novel proangiogenic vasodilatory role of hydrogen sulfide in regulating uterine hemodynamics in pregnancy and preeclampsia, provoking a new field of perinatal research in searching for alternative pathways for pregnancy disorders especially preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. This minireview is intended to summarize the nitric oxide pathway and to discuss the emerging hydrogen sulfide pathway in modulating estrogen-induced uterine vasodilation in pregnancy and preeclampsia.
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North KC, Zhang M, Singh AK, Zaytseva D, Slayden AV, Bukiya AN, Dopico AM. Cholesterol inhibition of slo1 channels is Ca2+-dependent and can be mediated by either high-affinity Ca2+-sensing site in the slo1 cytosolic tail. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 101:132-143. [PMID: 34969832 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+-/voltage-gated K+ channels of large conductance (BK) are expressed in the cell membranes of all excitable tissues. Currents mediated by BK channel-forming slo1 homotetramers are consistently inhibited by increases in membrane cholesterol (CLR). The molecular mechanisms leading to this CLR action, however, remain unknown. Slo1 channels are activated by increases in Ca2+ nearby Ca2+-recognition sites in the slo1 cytosolic tail: one high-affinity and one low-affinity sites locate to the Regulator of Conductance for K+ (RCK) 1 domain, while another high-affinity site locates within the RCK2 domain. Here we first evaluated the cross-talking between Ca2+ and CLR on the function of slo1 (cbv1 isoform) channels reconstituted into planar lipid bilayers. CLR robustly reduced channel open probability while barely decreasing unitary current amplitude, with CLR maximal effects being observed at 10-30 µM internal Ca2+ CLR actions were not only modulated by internal Ca2+ levels but also disappeared in absence of this divalent. Moreover, in absence of Ca2+, BK channel-activating concentrations of Mg2+ (10 mM) did not support CLR action. Next, we evaluated CLR actions on channels where the different Ca2+-sensing sites present in the slo1 cytosolic domain became nonfunctional via mutagenesis. CLR still reduced the activity of low-affinity Ca2+ (RCK1:E379A, E404A) mutants. In contrast, CLR became inefficacious when both high-affinity Ca2+ sites were mutated (RCK1:D367A,D372A, and RCK2:D899N,D900N,D901N,D902N,D903N), yet still was able to decrease the activity of each high-affinity site mutant. Therefore, BK channel inhibition by CLR selectively requires optimal levels of Ca2+ being recognized by either of the slo1 high-affinity Ca2+-sensing sites. Significance Statement Results reveal that the widely reported inhibition of BK (slo1) channels by membrane cholesterol requires a physiologically range of internal Ca2+ and is selectively linked to the two high-affinity Ca2+-sensing sites located in the cytosolic tail domain of slo1 proteins, which underscores that Ca2+ and cholesterol actions are allosterically coupled to the channel gate. Cholesterol modification of BK channel activity likely contributes to disruption of normal physiology by common health conditions that are triggered by disruption of cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Man Zhang
- Shanghai Center for System Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | | | | | | | - Anna N Bukiya
- Pharmacology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, United States
| | - Alex M Dopico
- Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, United States
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Sancho M, Kyle BD. The Large-Conductance, Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel: A Big Key Regulator of Cell Physiology. Front Physiol 2021; 12:750615. [PMID: 34744788 PMCID: PMC8567177 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.750615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels facilitate the efflux of K+ ions from a variety of cells and tissues following channel activation. It is now recognized that BK channels undergo a wide range of pre- and post-translational modifications that can dramatically alter their properties and function. This has downstream consequences in affecting cell and tissue excitability, and therefore, function. While finding the “silver bullet” in terms of clinical therapy has remained elusive, ongoing research is providing an impressive range of viable candidate proteins and mechanisms that associate with and modulate BK channel activity, respectively. Here, we provide the hallmarks of BK channel structure and function generally, and discuss important milestones in the efforts to further elucidate the diverse properties of BK channels in its many forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sancho
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Barry D Kyle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Sicotte B, Brochu M. Fetal Sex and Fetal Environment Interact to Alter Diameter, Myogenic Tone, and Contractile Response to Thromboxane Analog in Rat Umbilical Cord Vessels. Front Physiol 2021; 12:620058. [PMID: 34603067 PMCID: PMC8481594 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.620058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth needs adequate blood perfusion from both sides of the placenta, on the maternal side through the uterine vessels and on the fetal side through the umbilical cord. In a model of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) induced by reduced blood volume expansion, uterine artery remodeling was blunted. The aim of this study is to determine if IUGR and fetus sex alter the functional and mechanical parameters of umbilical cord blood vessels. Pregnant rats were given a low sodium (IUGR) or a control diet for the last 7 days of pregnancy. Umbilical arteries and veins from term (22 day) fetal rats were isolated and set-up in wire myographs. Myogenic tone, diameter, length tension curve and contractile response to thromboxane analog U46619 and serotonin (5-HT) were measured. In arteries from IUGR fetuses, myogenic tone was increased in both sexes while diameter was significantly greater only in male fetuses. In umbilical arteries collected from the control group, the maximal contraction to U46619 was lower in females than males. Compared to the control groups, the maximal response decreased in IUGR male arteries and increased in female ones, thus abolishing the sexual dimorphism observed in the control groups. Reduced contractile response to U46619 was observed in the IUGR vein of both sexes. No difference between groups was observed in response to 5HT in arteries. In conclusion, the change in parameters of the umbilical cord blood vessels in response to a mild insult seems to show adaptation that favors better exchange of deoxygenated and wasted blood from the fetus to the placenta with increased myogenic tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Sicotte
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michèle Brochu
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Alleyne J, Dopico AM. Alcohol Use Disorders and Their Harmful Effects on the Contractility of Skeletal, Cardiac and Smooth Muscles. ADVANCES IN DRUG AND ALCOHOL RESEARCH 2021; 1:10011. [PMID: 35169771 PMCID: PMC8843239 DOI: 10.3389/adar.2021.10011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol misuse has deleterious effects on personal health, family, societal units, and global economies. Moreover, alcohol misuse usually leads to several diseases and conditions, including alcoholism, which is a chronic condition and a form of addiction. Alcohol misuse, whether as acute intoxication or alcoholism, adversely affects skeletal, cardiac and/or smooth muscle contraction. Ethanol (ethyl alcohol) is the main effector of alcohol-induced dysregulation of muscle contractility, regardless of alcoholic beverage type or the ethanol metabolite (with acetaldehyde being a notable exception). Ethanol, however, is a simple and "promiscuous" ligand that affects many targets to mediate a single biological effect. In this review, we firstly summarize the processes of excitation-contraction coupling and calcium homeostasis which are critical for the regulation of contractility in all muscle types. Secondly, we present the effects of acute and chronic alcohol exposure on the contractility of skeletal, cardiac, and vascular/ nonvascular smooth muscles. Distinctions are made between in vivo and in vitro experiments, intoxicating vs. sub-intoxicating ethanol levels, and human subjects vs. animal models. The differential effects of alcohol on biological sexes are also examined. Lastly, we show that alcohol-mediated disruption of muscle contractility, involves a wide variety of molecular players, including contractile proteins, their regulatory factors, membrane ion channels and pumps, and several signaling molecules. Clear identification of these molecular players constitutes a first step for a rationale design of pharmacotherapeutics to prevent, ameliorate and/or reverse the negative effects of alcohol on muscle contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex M. Dopico
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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Kim HJ, Li M, Nichols CG, Davis MJ. Large-conductance calcium-activated K + channels, rather than K ATP channels, mediate the inhibitory effects of nitric oxide on mouse lymphatic pumping. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:4119-4136. [PMID: 34213021 PMCID: PMC9793343 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE KATP channels are negative regulators of lymphatic vessel excitability and contractility and are proposed to be targets for immune cell products that inhibit lymph transport. Previous studies in rat and guinea pig mesenteric lymphatics found that NO-mediated inhibition of lymphatic contraction was prevented or reversed by the KATP channel inhibitor, glibenclamide. We revisited this hypothesis using mouse lymphatic vessels and KATP channel knockout mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mouse popliteal lymphatics were isolated, and contractility was assessed using pressure myography. K+ channel expression was determined by PCR analysis of FACS-purified lymphatic smooth muscle cells. KEY RESULTS The NO-producing agonist, ACh, and the NO donor, NONOate, both produced dose-dependent inhibition of spontaneous lymphatic contractions that were blocked by the soluble GC inhibitor, ODQ, or the PKG inhibitor, Rp-8-Br-PET-cGMPS. Surprisingly, the inhibitory effects of both were preserved in Kir 6.1-/- vessels, suggesting that KATP channels did not mediate NO-induced responses. We hypothesized a role for BK channels, given their prominence in arterial smooth muscle. Indeed, BK channels were expressed in mouse lymphatic smooth muscle and NS11021 (a BK channel activator) caused dilation and reduced contraction frequency, whereas iberiotoxin and penitrem A (BK channel inhibitors) produced right-ward shifts in NONOate concentration-response curves. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Inhibition of mouse lymphatic contractions by NO primarily involves activation of BK channels, rather than KATP channels. Thus, BK channels are a potential target for therapeutic reversal of lymph pump inhibition by NO generated by immune cell activation of iNOS in chronic lymphoedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Jin Kim
- Department of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Min Li
- Department of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Colin G. Nichols
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Michael J. Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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Rikitake Y. The apelin/APJ system in the regulation of vascular tone: friend or foe? J Biochem 2021; 169:383-386. [PMID: 33169143 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The apelin (APJ) receptor was originally cloned as a gene encoding a putative G protein-coupled receptor related to angiotensin receptor type I. To date, two endogenous peptide ligands for APJ have been identified: apelin and elabela/Toddler. The apelin/APJ system regulates blood pressure and vascular tone. The endothelial and smooth muscle apelin/APJ systems exert opposite actions in the regulation of vascular tone. Binding of apelin to endothelial APJ promotes the release of vasodilators, such as nitric oxide and prostacyclin, leading to vasodilation. Alternatively, binding of apelin to smooth muscle APJ induces vasoconstriction, although the molecular mechanisms of the apelin-induced vasoconstriction are poorly understood. Recently, a critical role for interaction of APJ with α1-adrenergic receptor in the apelin-induced vasoconstriction was reported. The action of apelin on vascular tone may depend upon blood vessel type or pathological condition. Although the apelin/APJ system could serve as a potential therapeutic target for hypertension and cardiovascular disease, the role of this system in various cell types appears to be complicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Rikitake
- Laboratory of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1, Motoyamakitamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
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North KC, Bukiya AN, Dopico AM. BK channel-forming slo1 proteins mediate the brain artery constriction evoked by the neurosteroid pregnenolone. Neuropharmacology 2021; 192:108603. [PMID: 34023335 PMCID: PMC8274572 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Pregnenolone is a neurosteroid that modulates glial growth and differentiation, neuronal firing, and several brain functions, these effects being attributed to pregnenolone actions on the neurons and glial cells themselves. Despite the vital role of the cerebral circulation for brain function and the fact that pregnenolone is a vasoactive agent, pregnenolone action on brain arteries remain unknown. Here, we obtained in vivo concentration response curves to pregnenolone on middle cerebral artery (MCA) diameter in anesthetized male and female C57BL/6J mice. In both male and female animals, pregnenolone (1 nM-100 μM) constricted MCA in a concentration-dependent manner, its maximal effect reaching ~22-35% decrease in diameter. Pregnenolone action was replicated in intact and de-endothelialized, in vitro pressurized MCA segments with pregnenolone evoking similar constriction in intact and de-endothelialized MCA. Neurosteroid action was abolished by 1 μM paxilline, a selective blocker of Ca2+ - and voltage-gated K+ channels of large conductance (BK). Cell-attached, patch-clamp recordings on freshly isolated smooth muscle cells from mouse MCAs demonstrated that pregnenolone at concentrations that constricted MCAs in vitro and in vivo (10 μM), reduced BK activity (NPo), with an average decrease in NPo reaching 24.2%. The concentration-dependence of pregnenolone constriction of brain arteries and inhibition of BK activity in intact cells were paralleled by data obtained in cell-free, inside-out patches, with maximal inhibition reached at 10 μM pregnenolone. MCA smooth muscle BKs include channel-forming α (slo1 proteins) and regulatory β1 subunits, encoded by KCNMA1 and KCNMB1, respectively. However, pregnenolone-driven decrease in NPo was still evident in MCA myocytes from KCNMB1-/- mice. Following reconstitution of slo1 channels into artificial, binary phospholipid bilayers, 10 μM pregnenolone evoked slo1 NPo inhibition which was similar to that seen in native membranes. Lastly, pregnenolone failed to constrict MCA from KCNMA1-/- mice. In conclusion, pregnenolone constricts MCA independently of neuronal, glial, endothelial and circulating factors, as well as of cell integrity, organelles, complex membrane cytoarchitecture, and the continuous presence of cytosolic signals. Rather, this action involves direct inhibition of SM BK channels, which does not require β1 subunits but is mediated through direct sensing of the neurosteroid by the channel-forming α subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey C North
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA
| | - Anna N Bukiya
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA
| | - Alex M Dopico
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA.
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Chronic exercise mediates epigenetic suppression of L-type Ca2+ channel and BKCa channel in mesenteric arteries of hypertensive rats. J Hypertens 2021; 38:1763-1776. [PMID: 32384389 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular exercise is a lifestyle intervention for controlling hypertension and has an improving effect on vascular function. Voltage-gated L-type Ca (LTCC) and large-conductance Ca-activated K (BKCa) channels are two principal mediators of vascular smooth muscle cell contractility and arterial tone. The present study tested the hypothesis that DNA methylation dynamics plays a key role in exercise-induced reprogramming and downregulation of LTCC and BKCa channel in mesenteric arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). METHODS SHRs and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were subjected to exercise training or kept sedentary, and vascular molecular and functional properties were evaluated. RESULTS Exercise inhibited hypertension-induced upregulation of LTCC and BKCa channel function in mesenteric arteries by repressing LTCC α1c and BKCa β1 subunit expression. In accordance, exercise triggered hypermethylation of α1c and β1 gene in SHR, with concomitant decreasing TET1, increasing DNMT1 and DNMT3b expression in mesenteric arteries, as well as altering peripheral α-KG and S-adenosylmethionine/ S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio. Acting synergistically, these exercise-induced functional and molecular amelioration could allow for attenuating hypertension-induced elevation in arterial blood pressure. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that exercise suppresses LTCC and BKCa channel function via hypermethylation of α1c and β1 subunits, which contributes to the restoration of mesenteric arterial function and vasodilation during hypertension.
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Mughal A, Sun C, O'Rourke ST. Apelin Does Not Impair Coronary Artery Relaxation Mediated by Nitric Oxide-Induced Activation of BK Ca Channels. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:679005. [PMID: 34122102 PMCID: PMC8194342 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.679005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apelin-APJ receptor signaling regulates vascular tone in cerebral and peripheral arteries. We recently reported that apelin inhibits BKCa channel function in cerebral arteries, resulting in impaired endothelium-dependent relaxations. In contrast, apelin causes endothelium-dependent relaxation of coronary arteries. However, the effects of apelin on BKCa channel function in coronary arterial myocytes have not yet been explored. We hypothesized that apelin-APJ receptor signaling does not have an inhibitory effect on coronary arterial BKCa channels and hence does not alter nitric oxide (NO)-dependent relaxation of coronary arteries. Patch clamp recording was used to measure whole cell K+ currents in freshly isolated coronary smooth muscle cells. Apelin had no effect on the increases in current density in response to membrane depolarization or to NS1619 (a BKCa channel opener). Moreover, apelin did not inhibit NO/cGMP-dependent relaxations that required activation of BKCa channels in isolated coronary arteries. Apelin-APJ receptor signaling caused a marked increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels in coronary arterial smooth muscle cells, but failed to activate PI3-kinase to increase phosphorylation of Akt protein. Collectively, these data provide mechanistic evidence that apelin has no inhibitory effects on BKCa channel function in coronary arteries. The lack of inhibitory effect on BKCa channels makes it unlikely that activation of APJ receptors in coronary arteries would adversely affect coronary flow by creating a vasoconstrictive environment. It can be expected that apelin or other APJ receptor agonists in development will not interfere with the vasodilator effects of endogenous BKCa channel openers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amreen Mughal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Chengwen Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Stephen T O'Rourke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
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Li H, Zhuang W, Seo MS, An JR, Yang Y, Zha Y, Liang J, Xu ZX, Park WS. Inhibition of voltage-dependent K + channels in rabbit coronary arterial smooth muscle cells by the class Ic antiarrhythmic agent lorcainide. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 904:174158. [PMID: 33971179 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-dependent K+ (Kv) channels play the role of returning the membrane potential to the resting state, thereby maintaining the vascular tone. Here, we used native smooth-muscle cells from rabbit coronary arteries to investigate the inhibitory effect of lorcainide, a class Ic antiarrhythmic agent, on Kv channels. Lorcainide inhibited Kv channels in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of 4.46 ± 0.15 μM and a Hill coefficient of 0.95 ± 0.01. Although application of lorcainide did not change the activation curve, it shifted the inactivation curve toward a more negative potential, implying that lorcainide inhibits Kv channels by changing the channels' voltage sensors. The recovery time constant from channel inactivation increased in the presence of lorcainide. Furthermore, application of train steps (of 1 or 2 Hz) in the presence of lorcainide progressively augmented the inhibition of Kv currents, implying that lorcainide-induced inhibition of Kv channels is use (state)-dependent. Pretreatment with Kv1.5 or Kv2.1/2.2 inhibitors effectively reduced the amplitude of the Kv current but did not affect the inhibitory effect of lorcainide. Based on these results, we conclude that lorcainide inhibits vascular Kv channels in a concentration and use (state)-dependent manner by changing their inactivation gating properties. Considering the clinical efficacy of lorcainide, and the pathophysiological significance of vascular Kv channels, our findings should be considered when prescribing lorcainide to patients with arrhythmia and vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China; Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment for Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Wenwen Zhuang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mi Seon Seo
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Jin Ryeol An
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Yongqi Yang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiwen Zha
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingyan Liang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zheng-Xin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Won Sun Park
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea.
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Numata T, Sato-Numata K, Yoshino M. BK Channels Are Activated by Functional Coupling With L-Type Ca 2+ Channels in Cricket Myocytes. FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 1:662414. [PMID: 38468898 PMCID: PMC10926482 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2021.662414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Large-conductance calcium (Ca2+)-activated potassium (K+) (BK) channel activation is important for feedback control of Ca2+ influx and cell excitability during spontaneous muscle contraction. To characterize endogenously expressed BK channels and evaluate the functional relevance of Ca2+ sources leading to BK activity, patch-clamp electrophysiology was performed on cricket oviduct myocytes to obtain single-channel recordings. The single-channel conductance of BK channels was 120 pS, with increased activity resulting from membrane depolarization or increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Extracellular application of tetraethylammonium (TEA) and iberiotoxin (IbTX) suppressed single-channel current amplitude. These results indicate that BK channels are endogenously expressed in cricket oviduct myocytes. Ca2+ release from internal Ca2+ stores and Ca2+ influx via the plasma membrane, which affect BK activity, were investigated. Extracellular Ca2+ removal nullified BK activity. Administration of ryanodine and caffeine reduced BK activity. Administration of L-type Ca2+ channel activity regulators (Bay K 8644 and nifedipine) increased and decreased BK activity, respectively. Finally, the proximity between the L-type Ca2+ channel and BK was investigated. Administration of Bay K 8644 to the microscopic area within the pipette increased BK activity. However, this increase was not observed at a sustained depolarizing potential. These results show that BK channels are endogenously expressed in cricket oviduct myocytes and that BK activity is regulated by L-type Ca2+ channel activity and Ca2+ release from Ca2+ stores. Together, these results show that functional coupling between L-type Ca2+ and BK channels may underlie the molecular basis of spontaneous rhythmic contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Numata
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Sato-Numata
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masami Yoshino
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, Japan
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Zyrianova T, Lopez B, Liao A, Gu C, Wong L, Ottolia M, Olcese R, Schwingshackl A. BK Channels Regulate LPS-induced CCL-2 Release from Human Pulmonary Endothelial Cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:224-234. [PMID: 33217242 PMCID: PMC7874395 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0228oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently established a role for the stretch-activated two-pore-domain K+ (K2P) channel TREK-1 (K2P2.1) in inflammatory cytokine secretion using models of hyperoxia-, mechanical stretch-, and TNF-α-induced acute lung injury. We have now discovered the expression of large conductance, Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channels in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells and primary human alveolar epithelial cells using semiquantitative real-time PCR, IP and Western blot, and investigated their role in inflammatory cytokine secretion using an LPS-induced acute lung injury model. As expected, LPS induced IL-6 and CCL-2 secretion from pulmonary endothelial and epithelial cells. BK activation with NS1619 decreased LPS-induced CCL-2 but not IL-6 secretion from endothelial cells and had no effect on epithelial cells, although fluorometric assays revealed that BK activation hyperpolarized the plasma membrane potential (Em) of both cell types. Interestingly, BK inhibition (Paxilline) did not alter cytokine secretion or the Em in either cell type. Furthermore, LPS treatment by itself did not affect the Em or intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. Therefore, we propose BK channel activation as a novel targeted approach to counteract LPS-induced CCL-2 secretion from endothelial cells. This protective effect appears to occur via Em hyperpolarization but independent of intracellular Ca2+ concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Michela Ottolia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, and
| | - Riccardo Olcese
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, and
- Department of Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Bukiya AN, Leo MD, Jaggar JH, Dopico AM. Cholesterol activates BK channels by increasing KCNMB1 protein levels in the plasmalemma. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100381. [PMID: 33556372 PMCID: PMC7950327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium-/voltage-gated, large-conductance potassium channels (BKs) control critical physiological processes, including smooth muscle contraction. Numerous observations concur that elevated membrane cholesterol (CLR) inhibits the activity of homomeric BKs consisting of channel-forming alpha subunits. In mammalian smooth muscle, however, native BKs include accessory KCNMB1 (β1) subunits, which enable BK activation at physiological intracellular calcium. Here, we studied the effect of CLR enrichment on BK currents from rat cerebral artery myocytes. Using inside-out patches from middle cerebral artery (MCA) myocytes at [Ca2+]free=30 μM, we detected BK activation in response to in vivo and in vitro CLR enrichment of myocytes. While a significant increase in myocyte CLR was achieved within 5 min of CLR in vitro loading, this brief CLR enrichment of membrane patches decreased BK currents, indicating that BK activation by CLR requires a protracted cellular process. Indeed, blocking intracellular protein trafficking with brefeldin A (BFA) not only prevented BK activation but led to channel inhibition upon CLR enrichment. Surface protein biotinylation followed by Western blotting showed that BFA blocked the increase in plasmalemmal KCNMB1 levels achieved via CLR enrichment. Moreover, CLR enrichment of arteries with naturally high KCNMB1 levels, such as basilar and coronary arteries, failed to activate BK currents. Finally, CLR enrichment failed to activate BK channels in MCA myocytes from KCNMB1-/- mouse while activation was detected in their wild-type (C57BL/6) counterparts. In conclusion, the switch in CLR regulation of BK from inhibition to activation is determined by a trafficking-dependent increase in membrane levels of KCNMB1 subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna N Bukiya
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
| | - M Dennis Leo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jonathan H Jaggar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alex M Dopico
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
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Bukiya AN, Dopico AM. Cholesterol antagonism of alcohol inhibition of smooth muscle BK channel requires cell integrity and involves a protein kinase C-dependent mechanism(s). Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1866:158874. [PMID: 33383194 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol constricts cerebral arteries via inhibition of voltage/calcium-gated, large conductance potassium (BK) channels in vascular myocytes. Using a rat model of high-cholesterol (high-CLR) diet and CLR enrichment of cerebral arteries in vitro, we recently showed that CLR protected against alcohol-induced constriction of cerebral arteries. The subcellular mechanism(s) underlying CLR protection against alcohol-induced constriction of the artery is unclear. Here we use a rat model of high-CLR diet and patch-clamp recording of BK channels in inside-out patches from cerebral artery myocytes to demonstrate that this diet antagonizes inhibition of BK currents by 50 mM ethanol. High-CLR-driven protection against alcohol inhibition of BK currents is reversed following CLR depletion in vitro. Similar to CLR accumulation in vivo, pre-incubation of arterial myocytes from normocholesterolemic rats in CLR-enriching media in vitro protects against alcohol-induced inhibition of BK current. However, application of CLR-enriching media to cell-free membrane patches does not protect against the alcohol effect. These different outcomes point to the involvement of cell signaling in CLR-alcohol interaction on BK channels. Incubation of myocytes with the PKC activators phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol, but not with the PKC inhibitor Gouml 6983, prior to patch excision precludes CLR enrichment from antagonizing alcohol action. Thus, PKC activation either disables the CLR target(s) or competes with elevated CLR. Favoring the latter possibility, 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol protects against alcohol-induced inhibition of BK currents in patches from myocytes with naïve CLR. Our findings document that CLR antagonism of alcohol-induced BK channel inhibition requires cell integrity and is enabled by a PKC-dependent mechanism(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna N Bukiya
- Dept. Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.
| | - Alex M Dopico
- Dept. Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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Hydrogen Sulfide Relaxes Human Uterine Artery via Activating Smooth Muscle BK Ca Channels. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111127. [PMID: 33202933 PMCID: PMC7697977 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Opening of large conductance calcium-activated and voltage-dependent potassium (BKCa) channels hyperpolarizes plasma membranes of smooth muscle (SM) to cause vasodilation, underling a key mechanism for mediating uterine artery (UA) dilation in pregnancy. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been recently identified as a new UA vasodilator, yet the mechanism underlying H2S-induced UA dilation is unknown. Here, we tested whether H2S activated BKCa channels in human UA smooth muscle cells (hUASMC) to mediate UA relaxation. Multiple BKCa subunits were found in human UA in vitro and hUASMC in vitro, and high β1 and γ1 proteins were localized in SM cells in human UA. Baseline outward currents, recorded by whole-cell and single-channel patch clamps, were significantly inhibited by specific BKCa blockers iberiotoxin (IBTX) or tetraethylammonium, showing specific BKCa activity in hUASMC. H2S dose (NaHS, 1–1000 µM)-dependently potentiated BKCa currents and open probability. Co-incubation with a Ca2+ blocker nifedipine (5 µM) or a chelator (ethylene glycol-bis (β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), 5 mM) did not alter H2S-potentiated BKCa currents and open probability. NaHS also dose-dependently relaxed phenylephrine pre-constricted freshly prepared human UA rings, which was inhibited by IBTX. Thus, H2S stimulated human UA relaxation at least partially via activating SM BKCa channels independent of extracellular Ca2+.
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