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Chen H, Tang X, Wang T, Liao W, Wu Z, Wu M, Song Z, Li Y, Luo P. Calcium polypeptide mitigates Cd toxicity in rice via reducing oxidative stress and regulating pectin modification. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:163. [PMID: 38842544 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03253-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Calcium polypeptide plays a key role during cadmium stress responses in rice, which is involved in increasing peroxidase activity, modulating pectin methylesterase activity, and regulating cell wall by reducing malondialdehyde content. Cadmium (Cd) contamination threatens agriculture and human health globally, emphasizing the need for sustainable methods to reduce cadmium toxicity in crops. Calcium polypeptide (CaP) is a highly water-soluble small molecular peptide acknowledged for its potential as an organic fertilizer in promoting plant growth. However, it is still unknown whether CaP has effects on mitigating Cd toxicity. Here, we investigated the effect of CaP application on the ability to tolerate toxic Cd in rice. We evaluated the impact of CaP on rice seedlings under varying Cd stress conditions and investigated the effect mechanism of CaP mitigating Cd toxicity by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), fluorescent probe dye, immunofluorescent labeling, and biochemical analysis. We found a notable alleviation of Cd toxicity by reduced malondialdehyde content and increased peroxidase activity. In addition, our findings reveal that CaP induces structural alterations in the root cell wall by modulating pectin methylesterase activity. Altogether, our results confirm that CaP not only promoted biomass accumulation but also reduced Cd concentration in rice. This study contributes valuable insights to sustainable strategies for addressing Cd contamination in agricultural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
- Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, US
| | - Tiejun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
- Collaborative Innovation of Water Security for the Water Source Region of Mid-Line of the South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, College of Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Weifang Liao
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixian Wu
- Bijie Institute of Agricultural Science, Bijie, China
| | - Meiling Wu
- Bijie Institute of Agricultural Science, Bijie, China
| | - Zhihao Song
- Bijie Institute of Agricultural Science, Bijie, China
| | - Yadong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.
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Li Z, Rao MJ, Li J, Wang Y, Chen P, Yu H, Ma C, Wang L. CRISPR/Cas9 Mutant Rice Ospmei12 Involved in Growth, Cell Wall Development, and Response to Phytohormone and Heavy Metal Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416082. [PMID: 36555723 PMCID: PMC9784561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectin is one of the constituents of the cell wall, distributed in the primary cell wall and middle lamella, affecting the rheological properties and the cell wall stickiness. Pectin methylesterase (PME) and pectin methylesterase inhibitor (PMEI) are the most important factors for modifying methyl esterification. In this study, 45 PMEI genes from rice (Oryza sativa L.) were screened by bioinformatics tools, and their structure, motifs, cis-acting elements in the promoter region, chromosomal distribution, gene duplication, and phylogenetic relationship were analyzed. Furthermore, CRISPR/Cas9 was used to edit the OsPMEI12 (LOC_Os03G01020) and two mutant pmei12 lines were obtained to explore the functions of OsPMEI in plant growth and development, and under cadmium (Cd) stress. Compared to wild type (WT) Nipponbare, the second inverted internodes of the mutant plants shortened significantly, resulting in the reduction in plant height at mature stage. The seed setting rate, and fresh and dry weights of the mutants were also decreased in mutant plants. In addition, the pectin methylation of pmei12 lines is decreased as expected, and the pectin content of the cell wall increased at both seedling and maturity stages; however, the cellulose and hemicellulose increased only at seedling stage. Interestingly, the growth of the pmei12 lines was better than the WT in both normal conditions and under two phytohormone (GA3 and NAA) treatments at seedling stage. Under Cd stress, the fresh and dry weights were increased in pmei12 lines. These results indicated that OsPMEI12 was involved in the regulation of methyl esterification during growth, affected cell wall composition and agronomic traits, and might play an important role in responses to phytohormones and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Biomass and Bioenergy Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Muhammad Junaid Rao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Biomass and Bioenergy Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanting Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Biomass and Bioenergy Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Biomass and Bioenergy Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hua Yu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Biomass and Bioenergy Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chongjian Ma
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (L.W.)
| | - Lingqiang Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Biomass and Bioenergy Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (L.W.)
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Santoro DF, Sicilia A, Testa G, Cosentino SL, Lo Piero AR. Global leaf and root transcriptome in response to cadmium reveals tolerance mechanisms in Arundo donax L. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:427. [PMID: 35672691 PMCID: PMC9175368 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08605-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The expected increase of sustainable energy demand has shifted the attention towards bioenergy crops. Due to their know tolerance against abiotic stress and relatively low nutritional requirements, they have been proposed as election crops to be cultivated in marginal lands without disturbing the part of lands employed for agricultural purposes. Arundo donax L. is a promising bioenergy crop whose behaviour under water and salt stress has been recently studied at transcriptomic levels. As the anthropogenic activities produced in the last years a worrying increase of cadmium contamination worldwide, the aim of our work was to decipher the global transcriptomic response of A. donax leaf and root in the perspective of its cultivation in contaminated soil. In our study, RNA-seq libraries yielded a total of 416 million clean reads and 10.4 Gb per sample. De novo assembly of clean reads resulted in 378,521 transcripts and 126,668 unigenes with N50 length of 1812 bp and 1555 bp, respectively. Differential gene expression analysis revealed 5,303 deregulated transcripts (3,206 up- and 2,097 down regulated) specifically observed in the Cd-treated roots compared to Cd-treated leaves. Among them, we identified genes related to “Protein biosynthesis”, “Phytohormone action”, “Nutrient uptake”, “Cell wall organisation”, “Polyamine metabolism”, “Reactive oxygen species metabolism” and “Ion membrane transport”. Globally, our results indicate that ethylene biosynthesis and the downstream signal cascade are strongly induced by cadmium stress. In accordance to ethylene role in the interaction with the ROS generation and scavenging machinery, the transcription of several genes (NADPH oxidase 1, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, different glutathione S-transferases and catalase) devoted to cope the oxidative stress is strongly activated. Several small signal peptides belonging to ROTUNDIFOLIA, CLAVATA3, and C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDE 1 (CEP) are also among the up-regulated genes in Cd-treated roots functioning as messenger molecules from root to shoot in order to communicate the stressful status to the upper part of the plants. Finally, the main finding of our work is that genes involved in cell wall remodelling and lignification are decisively up-regulated in giant reed roots. This probably represents a mechanism to avoid cadmium uptake which strongly supports the possibility to cultivate giant cane in contaminated soils in the perspective to reserve agricultural soil for food and feed crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Fabrizio Santoro
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 98, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Angelo Sicilia
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 98, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Giorgio Testa
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 98, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Luciano Cosentino
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 98, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Roberta Lo Piero
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 98, 95123, Catania, Italy.
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Effect of Cadmium and Copper Exposure on Growth, Physio-Chemicals and Medicinal Properties of Cajanus cajan L. (Pigeon Pea). Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110769. [PMID: 34822427 PMCID: PMC8623172 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil contamination with heavy metals is an emerging concern in the modern era, affecting all forms of life. Pigeon pea is a multi-use shrub with medicinal and nutritional values. On the basis of a randomized complete design, we investigated in the current project the combined cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) effect on plant growth and physio-chemical/medicinal properties of pigeon pea. Three-week-old seedlings were grown in combined Cd and Cu amended soil with increasing metal concentrations (control, 20 + 30 mg/kg, 40 + 60 mg/kg, and 60 + 90 mg/kg) for three months. At high-dose metal cumulative stress (60 + 90 mg/kg), plant shoot and root growth in terms of plant height as well as fresh and dry weight were significantly inhibited in association with decreased photosynthetic attributes (chlorophyll a and b contents, net photosynthesis, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentrations) and diminished nutrient contents. Cd and Cu at high amounts inflicted oxidative stresses as assessed in elevated lipid peroxidation (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and electrolyte leakage contents. Antioxidant enzyme activities, namely, those of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), were enhanced, along with proline content with increasing metal quantity. Phenolics and flavonoids exhibited a diverse response regarding metal concentration, and their biosynthesis was significantly suppressed at high Cd and Cu cumulative stress. The reduction in secondary metabolites may account for declined medicinal properties of pigeon pea as appraised in reduced antibacterial, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric-reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) activities. Our results clearly demonstrate that the exposure of pigeon pea to Cd- and Cu-contaminated soil might affect consumers due to the presence of metals and the negligible efficacy of the herbal products.
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5
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Meychik NR, Nikolaeva YI, Nikushin OV, Kushunina MA. The Effect of Polymetallic Pollution on Ion-Exchange Properties of Barley Root and Shoot Cell Walls. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2021; 501:415-418. [PMID: 34966963 DOI: 10.1134/s160767292106003x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
For the first time we determined the ion-exchange properties of the cell walls (CWs) isolated from roots and shoots of barley plants grown in the conditions of polymetallic pollution. The content of all the types of cation-exchange groups in the CWs was found to be considerably higher in the shoots than in the roots, which resulted in higher metal-binding capacity of the shoot CWs and higher swelling capacity of CW polymers. It was shown for the first time that the heavy metal excess causes an increase in the content of demethylated pectins in the shoot CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Meychik
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Yu I Nikolaeva
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - O V Nikushin
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Kushunina
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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6
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Chen F, Wang C, Yue L, Zhu L, Tang J, Yu X, Cao X, Schröder P, Wang Z. Cell Walls Are Remodeled to Alleviate nY 2O 3 Cytotoxicity by Elaborate Regulation of de Novo Synthesis and Vesicular Transport. ACS NANO 2021; 15:13166-13177. [PMID: 34339172 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Yttrium oxide nanoparticles (nY2O3), one of the broadly used rare earth nanoparticles, can interact with plants and possibly cause plant health and environmental impacts, but the plant defense response particularly at the nanoparticle-cell interface is largely unknown. To elucidate this, Bright Yellow 2 (BY-2) tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) suspension-cultured cells were exposed to 50 mg L-1 nY2O3 (30 nm) for 12 h. Although 42.2% of the nY2O3 remained outside of protoplasts, nY2O3 could still traverse the cell wall and was partially deposited inside the vacuole. In addition to growth inhibition, morphological and compositional changes in cell walls occurred. Together with a locally thickened (7-13-fold) cell wall, increased content (up to 58%) of pectin and reduction in (up to 29%) hemicellulose were observed. Transcriptome analysis revealed that genes involved in cell wall metabolism and remodeling were highly regulated in response to nY2O3 stress. Expression of genes for pectin synthesis and degradation was up- and down-regulated by 31-78% and 13-42%, respectively, and genes for xyloglucan and pectin modifications were up- and down-regulated by 82% and 81-92%, respectively. Interestingly, vesicle trafficking seemed to be activated, enabling the repair and defense against nY2O3 disturbance. Our findings indicate that, although nY2O3 generated toxicity on BY-2 cells, it is very likely that during the recovery process cell wall remodeling was initiated to gain resistance to nY2O3 stress, demonstrating the plant's cellular regulatory machinery regarding repair and adaptation to nanoparticles like nY2O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiran Chen
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chuanxi Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Le Yue
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Liqi Zhu
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Junfeng Tang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xuesong Cao
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Peter Schröder
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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7
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Abbas S, Javed MT, Ali Q, Akram MS, Tanwir K, Ali S, Chaudhary HJ, Iqbal N. Elucidating Cd-mediated distinct rhizospheric and in planta ionomic and physio-biochemical responses of two contrasting Zea mays L. cultivars. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:297-312. [PMID: 33707870 PMCID: PMC7907289 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-00936-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) in soil-plant system can abridge plant growth by initiating alterations in root zones. Hydroponics and rhizoboxes are useful techniques to monitor plant responses against various natural and/or induced metal stresses. However, soil based studies are considered more appropriate in order to devise efficient food safety and remediation strategies. The present research evaluated the Cd-mediated variations in elemental dynamics of rhizospheric soil together with in planta ionomics and morpho-physio-biochemical traits of two differentially Cd responsive maize cultivars. Cd-sensitive (31P41) and Cd-tolerant (3062) cultivars were grown in pots filled with 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 µg/kg CdCl2 supplemented soil. The results depicted that the maize cultivars significantly influenced the elemental dynamics of rhizosphere as well as in planta mineral accumulation under applied Cd stress. The uptake and translocation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn and Fe from rhizosphere and root cell sap was significantly higher in Cd stressed cv. 3062 as compared to cv. 31P41. In sensitive cultivar (31P41), Cd toxicity resulted in significantly prominent reduction of biomass, leaf area, chlorophyll, carotenoids, protein contents as well as catalase activity in comparison to tolerant one (3062). Analysis of tolerance indexes (TIs) validated that cv. 3062 exhibited advantageous growth and efficient Cd tolerance due to elevated proline, phenolics and activity of antioxidative machinery as compared to cv. 31P41. The cv. 3062 exhibited 54% and 37% less Cd bio-concentration (BCF) and translocation factors (TF), respectively in comparison to cv. 31P41 under highest Cd stress regime. Lower BCF and TF designated a higher Cd stabilization by tolerant cultivar (3062) in rhizospheric zone and its potential use in future remediation plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saghir Abbas
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Javed
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Qasim Ali
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail Akram
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Kashif Tanwir
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
| | - Hassan Javed Chaudhary
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320 Pakistan
| | - Naeem Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
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Guo X, Luo J, Du Y, Li J, Liu Y, Liang Y, Li T. Coordination between root cell wall thickening and pectin modification is involved in cadmium accumulation in Sedum alfredii. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115665. [PMID: 33010543 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Root cell wall (RCW) modification is a widespread important defense strategy of plant to cope with trace metals. However, mechanisms underlying its remolding in cadmium (Cd) accumulation are still lacking in hyperaccumulators. In this study, changes of RCW structures and components between nonhyperaccumulating ecotype (NHE) and hyperaccumulating ecotype (HE) of Sedum alfredii were investigated simultaneously. Under 25 μM Cd treatment, RCW thickness of NHE is nearly 2 folds than that of HE and the thickened cell wall of NHE was enriched in low-methylated pectin, leading to more Cd trapped in roots tightly. In the opposite, large amounts of high-methylated pectin were assembled around RCW of HE with Cd supply, in this way, HE S. alfredii decreased its root fixation of Cd and enhanced Cd migration into xylem. TEM and AFM results further confirmed that thickened cell wall was caused by the increased amounts of cellulose and lignin while root tip lignification was resulted from variations of sinapyl (S) and guaiacyl (G) monomers. Overall, thickened cell wall and methylated pectin have synchronicity in spatial location of roots, and their coordination contributed to Cd accumulation in S. alfredii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jipeng Luo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yilin Du
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jinxing Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuankun Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yongchao Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tingqiang Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, 310058, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Environment and Resources Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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9
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Keyster M, Niekerk LA, Basson G, Carelse M, Bakare O, Ludidi N, Klein A, Mekuto L, Gokul A. Decoding Heavy Metal Stress Signalling in Plants: Towards Improved Food Security and Safety. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1781. [PMID: 33339160 PMCID: PMC7765602 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mining of heavy metals from the environment leads to an increase in soil pollution, leading to the uptake of heavy metals into plant tissue. The build-up of toxic metals in plant cells often leads to cellular damage and senescence. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to produce plants with improved tolerance to heavy metals for food security, as well as to limit heavy metal uptake for improved food safety purposes. To achieve this goal, our understanding of the signaling mechanisms which regulate toxic heavy metal uptake and tolerance in plants requires extensive improvement. In this review, we summarize recent literature and data on heavy metal toxicity (oral reference doses) and the impact of the metals on food safety and food security. Furthermore, we discuss some of the key events (reception, transduction, and response) in the heavy metal signaling cascades in the cell wall, plasma membrane, and cytoplasm. Our future perspectives provide an outlook of the exciting advances that will shape the plant heavy metal signaling field in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall Keyster
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (L.-A.N.); (M.C.); (O.B.)
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Food Security, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7530, South Africa;
| | - Lee-Ann Niekerk
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (L.-A.N.); (M.C.); (O.B.)
| | - Gerhard Basson
- Plant Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Mogamat Carelse
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (L.-A.N.); (M.C.); (O.B.)
| | - Olalekan Bakare
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (L.-A.N.); (M.C.); (O.B.)
| | - Ndiko Ludidi
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Food Security, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7530, South Africa;
- Plant Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Ashwil Klein
- Plant Omics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Lukhanyo Mekuto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
| | - Arun Gokul
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
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10
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Jia H, Wang X, Shi C, Guo J, Ma P, Ren X, Wei T, Liu H, Li J. Hydrogen sulfide decreases Cd translocation from root to shoot through increasing Cd accumulation in cell wall and decreasing Cd 2+ influx in Isatis indigotica. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 155:605-612. [PMID: 32846396 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a small gaseous signalling molecule, plays a pivotal role in the plant response to heavy metal stress. Here, we revealed a novel mechanism of Isatis indigotica resistance to cadmium (Cd) stress, in which H2S promotes Cd accumulation in the root and decreases the long-distance transport of Cd from the root to shoot. Cd significantly inhibited Isatis indigotica growth and induced the endogenous H2S level. Application of NaHS (a H2S donor) alleviated the effects of Cd. NaHS restriction of the translocation factor of Cd, elevated the Cd content in roots and depressed the Cd content in shoots. Cd stress decreased the cellulose and pectin contents in the cell wall, but NaHS restored the effect of Cd on the cell wall components. The Cd2+ fluxes were detected by noninvasive microtest technology (NMT). The data showed that NaHS pretreatment decreased the Cd2+ influx and proportion of the Cd content in organelles. We analyzed the effect of NaHS on the metallothionein and phytochelatin (PC) contents in roots and found that the PC and metallothionein1A (MT1A) contents were induced by NaHS. Additionally, the chemical forms of Cd2+ were changed by NaHS. Thus, H2S alters the content of cell wall component, improves Cd accumulation in the cell wall, depresses Cd2+ transmembrane movement, induces the synthesis of metallothioneins and decreases the toxicity of intracellular Cd. Our finding has great value to reduce the loss of Isatis indigotica resulted by heavy metals stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Cong Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Junkang Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Peiyun Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Xinhao Ren
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Ting Wei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Huaxin Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China.
| | - Jisheng Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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11
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Zhan J, Huang H, Yu H, Zhang X, Zheng Z, Wang Y, Liu T, Li T. The combined effects of Cd and Pb enhanced metal binding by root cell walls of the phytostabilizer Athyrium wardii (Hook.). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 258:113663. [PMID: 31796316 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall acts as a major metal sink in plant roots, while a few studies focused on root cell wall binding in plants for the phytostabilization of multi-metal contaminated soils. A pot experiment was performed to characterize root cell wall properties of the mining ecotype (ME) and non-mining ecotype (NME) of Athyrium wardii (Hook.) in response to Cd and Pb. The cell wall was found to be the major sink for Cd (41.3-54.3%) and Pb (71.4-73.8%) accumulation in roots of the ME when exposed to Cd and/or Pb. The ME showed more Cd and Pb accumulation in root cell walls when exposed to Cd and Pb simultaneously, compared with those exposed to single Cd or Pb as well as the NME, suggesting some modifications for cell walls. The uronic acid contents of pectin and hemicellulose 1 (HC1) in root cell walls of the ME increased significantly when exposed to Cd and Pb simultaneously, suggesting enhanced cell wall binding capacity, thus resulting in more Cd and Pb bound to pectin and HC1. In particular, pectin was found to be the predominant binding site for Cd and Pb. Greater pectin methylesterase activity along with a lower degree of methylesterification were observed in the cell walls of the ME when exposed to Cd and Pb simultaneously. Furthermore, the ME present more O-H, N-H, C-OH, C-O-C, C-C and/or Ar-H in root cell walls when exposed to Cd and Pb simultaneously. These changes of root cell wall properties of the ME lead to enhanced cell wall binding ability in response to the co-contamination of Cd and Pb, thus could be considered a key process for enhanced Cd and Pb accumulation in roots of the ME when exposed to Cd and Pb simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Huagang Huang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Haiying Yu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xizhou Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Zicheng Zheng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yongdong Wang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Tingxuan Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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12
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Ren C, Qi Y, Huang G, Yao S, You J, Hu H. Contributions of root cell wall polysaccharides to Cu sequestration in castor (Ricinus communis L.) exposed to different Cu stresses. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 88:209-216. [PMID: 31862062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall polysaccharides play a vital role in binding with toxic metals such as copper (Cu) ions. However, it is still unclear whether the major binding site of Cu in the cell wall varies with different degrees of Cu stresses. Moreover, the contribution of each cell wall polysaccharide fraction to Cu sequestration with different degrees of Cu stresses also remains to be verified. The distribution of Cu in cell wall polysaccharide fractions of castor (Ricinus communis L.) root was investigated with various Cu concentrations in the hydroponic experiment. The results showed that the hemicellulose1 (HC1) fraction fixed 44.9%-67.8% of the total cell wall Cu under Cu stress. In addition, the pectin fraction and hemicelluloses2 (HC2) fraction also contributed to the Cu binding in root cell wall, accounting for 11.0%-25.9% and 14.1%-26.6% of the total cell wall Cu under Cu treatments, respectively. When the Cu levels were ≤25 μmol/L, pectin and HC2 contributed equally to Cu storage in root cell wall. However, when the Cu level was higher than 25 μmol/L, the ability of the pectin to bind Cu was easy to reach saturation. Much more Cu ions were bound on HC1 and HC2 fractions, and the HC2 played a much more important role in Cu binding than pectin. Combining fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and two-dimensional correlation analysis (2D-COS) techniques, the hemicellulose components were showed not only to accumulate most of Cu in cell wall, but also respond fastest to Cu stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yongbo Qi
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guoyong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shiyuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinwei You
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongqing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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13
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Huybrechts M, Cuypers A, Deckers J, Iven V, Vandionant S, Jozefczak M, Hendrix S. Cadmium and Plant Development: An Agony from Seed to Seed. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163971. [PMID: 31443183 PMCID: PMC6718997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic pollution of agricultural soils with cadmium (Cd) should receive adequate attention as Cd accumulation in crops endangers human health. When Cd is present in the soil, plants are exposed to it throughout their entire life cycle. As it is a non-essential element, no specific Cd uptake mechanisms are present. Therefore, Cd enters the plant through transporters for essential elements and consequently disturbs plant growth and development. In this review, we will focus on the effects of Cd on the most important events of a plant's life cycle covering seed germination, the vegetative phase and the reproduction phase. Within the vegetative phase, the disturbance of the cell cycle by Cd is highlighted with special emphasis on endoreduplication, DNA damage and its relation to cell death. Furthermore, we will discuss the cell wall as an important structure in retaining Cd and the ability of plants to actively modify the cell wall to increase Cd tolerance. As Cd is known to affect concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and phytohormones, special emphasis is put on the involvement of these compounds in plant developmental processes. Lastly, possible future research areas are put forward and a general conclusion is drawn, revealing that Cd is agonizing for all stages of plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Huybrechts
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jana Deckers
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Verena Iven
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Vandionant
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Marijke Jozefczak
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sophie Hendrix
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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14
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Yu R, Jiang Q, Xv C, Li L, Bu S, Shi G. Comparative proteomics analysis of peanut roots reveals differential mechanisms of cadmium detoxification and translocation between two cultivars differing in cadmium accumulation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:137. [PMID: 30975099 PMCID: PMC6458636 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1739-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peanut is one of the most important oil and protein crops, and it exhibits wide cultivar variations in shoot Cd accumulation ability. However, the mechanism of Cd accumulation in peanut shoots has not been well understood. In this study, the root proteomics of two cultivars differing in seed Cd accumulation, Fenghua 1 (F, low Cd cultivar) and Silihong (S, high Cd cultivar), were investigated under 0 (CK) and 2 μM Cd conditions. RESULTS A total of 4676 proteins were identified by proteomics screening. Of them, 375, 1762, 1276 and 771 proteins were identified to be differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) for comparison of FCd/FCK, SCd/SCK, FCK/SCK and FCd/SCd, respectively. Silihong is more sensitive to Cd exposure than Fenghua 1 in terms of root proteomics. A total of 30 and 86 DEPs were identified to be related with heavy metal transport and cell wall modification, respectively. The up-regulation of ABCB25, ABCC14, ABCC2, PDR1 and V-ATPases by Cd exposure in Silihong might enhance vacuolar sequestration of Cd and its efflux from symplast to apoplast. The higher Cd accumulation in the root CWs of Silihong might be resulted from its higher capability of CW modification, in which many proteins such as IRX10L, BGLU12-like, BGLU42, EXLB1, XTH30, XTH6, XYL7, PAL3, COMT, CAD1, and CCR1 were involved. CONCLUSIONS The vacuolar sequestration and efflux of Cd as well as its adsorption in CW might be the principal mechanism of cadmium detoxification in Silihong. The higher capacity of Cd accumulation and translocation of Silihong is an inherent characteristics in which ACA8 and ZIP1 might be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rugang Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qun Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Xv
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lien Li
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Sijia Bu
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Gangrong Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000 People’s Republic of China
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15
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Meychik N, Nikolaeva Y, Kushunina M. The role of the cell walls in Ni binding by plant roots. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 234-235:28-35. [PMID: 30660944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The role of the cell wall in short-term Ni uptake at different solution Ni levels was investigated in mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Inna). Both Ni-binding capacity of the CWs and roots are lower for wheat than for mung bean at all Ni levels in the solution. For both plants amounts of Ni associated with roots and root cell walls increased with Ni concentration. The contribution of CWs to Ni absorption by roots depends on Ni level in the medium and plant species. The Ni accumulated in CWs could account for total Ni content of roots (except for wheat in highest Ni treatment). Besides, mung bean plants employ the strategy of reducing Ni accumulation in the root CWs during exposure to excess but not toxic solution Ni level. According to the results, predominant Ni binding in the apoplast of mung bean and wheat roots is observed at both high and low external Ni, which suggests that apoplastic pathway is the main means of Ni transport in the root cortex of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataly Meychik
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Leninskiye gory 1/12, 119234, Russia
| | - Yuliya Nikolaeva
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Leninskiye gory 1/12, 119234, Russia
| | - Maria Kushunina
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Leninskiye gory 1/12, 119234, Russia.
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16
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Zhao D, Li J, Lv L, Zhang M, Liu Z, An S. Effect of cadmium contamination on the eutrophic secondary pollution of aquatic macrophytes by litter decomposition. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 231:1100-1105. [PMID: 30602234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify the effect of cadmium (Cd) contamination on the decomposition of aquatic macrophyte litter and its eutrophic secondary pollution. A laboratory experiment was conducted with three treatments: water Cd contamination (Cd-w), litter Cd contamination (Cd-l) and control (CK). The results showed that CK and Cd-w exhibited the typical decomposition dynamics of litter, i.e., early rapid decomposition followed by slow decomposition, while the litter biomass loss (BL) in Cd-l exhibited an approximately linear relationship with time over the 64-day experimental period. The BL in Cd-l was only 10.8% in the initial 4 days, while that in CK and Cd-w was 59.0% and 54.8%, respectively. Cd inhibited the fluctuation of the water chemical oxygen demand (COD) by reducing both the early increase and the subsequent decrease. The increases in water total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were inhibited by Cd contamination throughout most of the decomposition period. The alterations of litter quality during the plant growth period and of the bacterial community during the litter decomposition period by Cd contamination could explain the variations in litter decomposition rate and its eutrophic secondary pollution during the early and late decomposition stages, respectively. The Cd inhibition of the eutrophic secondary pollution of aquatic macrophytes has great significance for the improved evaluation of Cd contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehua Zhao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Liping Lv
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Shuqing An
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
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17
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Gutsch A, Keunen E, Guerriero G, Renaut J, Cuypers A, Hausman J, Sergeant K, Luo Z. Long-term cadmium exposure influences the abundance of proteins that impact the cell wall structure in Medicago sativa stems. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2018; 20:1023-1035. [PMID: 29908008 PMCID: PMC6221066 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential, toxic heavy metal that poses serious threats to both ecosystems and human health. Plants employ various cellular and molecular mechanisms to minimise the impact of Cd toxicity and cell walls function as a defensive barrier during Cd exposure. In this study, we adopted a quantitative gel-based proteomic approach (two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis) to investigate changes in the abundance of cell wall and soluble proteins in stems of Medicago sativa L. upon long-term exposure to Cd (10 mg·Cd·kg-1 soil as CdSO4 ). Obtained protein data were complemented with targeted gene expression analyses. Plants were affected by Cd exposure at an early growth stage but seemed to recover at a more mature stage as no difference in biomass was observed. The accumulation of Cd was highest in roots followed by stems and leaves. Quantitative proteomics revealed a changed abundance for 179 cell wall proteins and 30 proteins in the soluble fraction upon long-term Cd exposure. These proteins are involved in cell wall remodelling, defence response, carbohydrate metabolism and promotion of the lignification process. The data indicate that Cd exposure alters the cell wall proteome and underline the role of cell wall proteins in defence against Cd stress. The identified proteins are linked to alterations in cell wall structure and lignification process in stems of M. sativa, underpinning the function of the cell wall as an effective barrier against Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Gutsch
- Environmental Research and Innovation DepartmentLuxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
- Centre for Environmental SciencesHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
| | - E. Keunen
- Centre for Environmental SciencesHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
| | - G. Guerriero
- Environmental Research and Innovation DepartmentLuxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - J. Renaut
- Environmental Research and Innovation DepartmentLuxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - A. Cuypers
- Centre for Environmental SciencesHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
| | - J.‐F. Hausman
- Environmental Research and Innovation DepartmentLuxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - K. Sergeant
- Environmental Research and Innovation DepartmentLuxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
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18
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Zhu CQ, Cao XC, Zhu LF, Hu WJ, Hu AY, Bai ZG, Zhong C, Sun LM, Liang QD, Huang J, Yang SX, Zhang JH, Jin QY. Ammonium mitigates Cd toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa) via putrescine-dependent alterations of cell wall composition. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 132:189-201. [PMID: 30212760 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In plants, different forms of nitrogen (NO3- or NH4+) affect nutrient uptake and environmental stress responses. In the present study, we tested whether NO3- and NH4+ affect the ability of rice (Oryza sativa) to tolerate the toxic heavy metal cadmium (Cd). Compared with NO3-, NH4+ treatment significantly increased chlorophyll contents and reduced Cd2+ levels in rice cultivars Nipponbare (japonica) and Kasalath (indica) grown in 0.2 mM Cd2+. NH4+ significantly reduced the pectin and hemicellulose contents and inhibited the pectin methylesterase (PME) activity in rice roots, thereby reducing the negative charges in the cell wall and decreasing the accumulation of Cd2+ in roots. In addition, NH4+ reduced the absorption and root-to-shoot translocation of Cd2+ by decreasing the expression of OsHMA2 and OsNramp5 in the root. Levels of the signaling molecule putrescine were significantly higher in the roots of both rice cultivars provided with NH4+ compared with NO3-. The addition of putrescine reduced Cd2+ contents in both rice cultivars and increased the chlorophyll content in shoots by reducing root cell wall pectin and hemicellulose contents, inhibiting PME activity and suppressing the expression of OsHMA2 and OsNramp5 in the root. Taken together, these results indicate that NH4+ treatment alleviated Cd toxicity, enabling rice to withstand the noxious effects of Cd by modifying the cell wall Cd-binding capacity due to alterations of pectin and hemicellulose contents and Cd transport, processes induced by increasing putrescine levels. Our findings suggest methods to decrease Cd accumulation in rice by applying NH4+ fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xiao Chuang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Lian Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Wen Jun Hu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - An Yong Hu
- School of Geographic Science, NanTong University, NanTong, 226019, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, China Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhi Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Chu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Li Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, China Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Qing Duo Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Shun Xi Yang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Jun Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Qian Yu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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19
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Wang P, Yang B, Wan H, Fang X, Yang C. The differences of cell wall in roots between two contrasting soybean cultivars exposed to cadmium at young seedlings. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:29705-29714. [PMID: 30145752 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2956-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The plant root cell wall (CW) is the first structure that comes into contact with extracellular cadmium (Cd), and it plays an important role in the absorption, immobilization, and translocation of Cd in the roots. However, the differences in the cell wall components between Cd-tolerant and Cd-sensitive cultivars are unclear. A hydroponic experiment was carried out to investigate the differences in the concentrations of Cd, total sugars, and uronic acid in pectin, hemicellulose 1, hemicellulose 2, cellulose, and lignin, as well as pectin methylesterase enzyme activity (PME) in the roots of two soybean cultivars that differ with respect to Cd tolerance exposed to 0 and 23 μM Cd treatments. The bound forms of Cd in the roots were found to differ between the two soybean genotypes; 50.2% of the Cd in the root cell wall accumulates in the pectin in the highly Cd-tolerant and low Cd-accumulating cultivar HX3, while 50.6% of the root cell wall Cd accumulates in cellulose in the Cd-sensitive and high Cd-accumulating cultivar BX10. The total sugar and uronic acid concentrations of the cell wall components increased in response to Cd stress, while the concentrations of total sugars and uronic acid in BX10 were higher than in HX3 (except for hemicellulose 1). Increased demethylation of pectin may be the main reason that Cd is mainly concentrated in the primary wall in HX3, because the PME activity was higher in HX3 than it was in BX10 under Cd treatment. Furthermore, BX10 had a higher lignin concentration after Cd treatment, and showed the same change in cellulose. Cd in the root cell wall of BX10 was fixed in the secondary cell wall, which may be a result of the coupling to cellulose and lignin. In conclusion, root cell walls in soybean cultivars that differ in Cd tolerance may possess different mechanisms to prevent Cd from entering cells, and the sequestration of Cd in different cell wall components may determine the differences in Cd tolerance between the two genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Sub-center of National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
- Department of Plant Nutrition,College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuan-Ming-Yuan Xilu, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Sub-center of National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Haibo Wan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Sub-center of National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaolong Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Sub-center of National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Cunyi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Sub-center of National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
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20
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Sharma S, Uttam KN. Early Diagnosis of Mercury Stress of Wheat Seedlings Using Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1383411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Sharma
- Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - K. N. Uttam
- Saha’s Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
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Dai M, Liu W, Hong H, Lu H, Liu J, Jia H, Yan C. Exogenous phosphorus enhances cadmium tolerance by affecting cell wall polysaccharides in two mangrove seedlings Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh and Kandelia obovata (S., L.) Yong differing in cadmium accumulation. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 126:86-92. [PMID: 29421138 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorous (P) is an essential element that mediates various stresses in plants. In this study, the effects of P on polysaccharides in the root cell walls of two hydroponically cultivated mangrove seedlings (A. marina and K. obovata) that differ in Cd accumulation ability were examined in the context of Cd stress. The results showed that A. marina exhibited a higher degree of tolerance to Cd than K. obovata. In both mangrove seedlings, pectin and hemicellulose 1 increased significantly with increasing P levels, the effects of which were greater in A. marina under Cd stress. In addition, cell wall pectin methylesterase (PME) activity was markedly increased in the presence of Cd and P compared with Cd alone. These effects were more pronounced in A. marina than in K. obovata. Taken together, the results of this study provide further insight into the mechanisms of P-mediated alleviation of Cd stress in mangrove seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyue Dai
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hualong Hong
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Haoliang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chongling Yan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Loix C, Huybrechts M, Vangronsveld J, Gielen M, Keunen E, Cuypers A. Reciprocal Interactions between Cadmium-Induced Cell Wall Responses and Oxidative Stress in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1867. [PMID: 29163592 PMCID: PMC5671638 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution renders many soils across the world unsuited or unsafe for food- or feed-orientated agriculture. The main mechanism of Cd phytotoxicity is the induction of oxidative stress, amongst others through the depletion of glutathione. Oxidative stress can damage lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, leading to growth inhibition or even cell death. The plant cell has a variety of tools to defend itself against Cd stress. First and foremost, cell walls might prevent Cd from entering and damaging the protoplast. Both the primary and secondary cell wall have an array of defensive mechanisms that can be adapted to cope with Cd. Pectin, which contains most of the negative charges within the primary cell wall, can sequester Cd very effectively. In the secondary cell wall, lignification can serve to immobilize Cd and create a tougher barrier for entry. Changes in cell wall composition are, however, dependent on nutrients and conversely might affect their uptake. Additionally, the role of ascorbate (AsA) as most important apoplastic antioxidant is of considerable interest, due to the fact that oxidative stress is a major mechanism underlying Cd toxicity, and that AsA biosynthesis shares several links with cell wall construction. In this review, modifications of the plant cell wall in response to Cd exposure are discussed. Focus lies on pectin in the primary cell wall, lignification in the secondary cell wall and the importance of AsA in the apoplast. Regarding lignification, we attempt to answer the question whether increased lignification is merely a consequence of Cd toxicity, or rather an elicited defense response. We propose a model for lignification as defense response, with a central role for hydrogen peroxide as substrate and signaling molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ann Cuypers
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Impact of Silicon in Plant Biomass Production: Focus on Bast Fibres, Hypotheses, and Perspectives. PLANTS 2017; 6:plants6030037. [PMID: 28891950 PMCID: PMC5620593 DOI: 10.3390/plants6030037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is an abundant element which, when supplied to plants, confers increased vigor and resistance to exogenous stresses, as well as enhanced stem mechanical strength. Plant species vary in their ability to take Si up and to accumulate it under the form of silicon dioxide (SiO₂) in their tissues: emblematic of this is the example of Poales, among which there is rice, a high Si accumulator. Monocots usually accumulate more Si than dicots; however, the impact that Si has on dicots, notably on economically important dicots, is a subject requiring further study and scientific efforts. In this review, we discuss the impact that Si has on bast fibre-producing plants, because of the potential importance that this element has in sustainable agriculture practices and in light of the great economic value of fibre crops in fostering a bio-economy. We discuss the data already available in the literature, as well as our own research on textile hemp. In particular, we demonstrate the beneficial effect of Si under heavy metal stress, by showing an increase in the leaf fresh weight under growth on Cd 20 µM. Additionally, we propose an effect of Si on bast fibre growth, by suggesting an action on the endogenous phytohormone levels and a mechanical role involved in the resistance to the turgor pressure during elongation. We conclude our survey with a description of the industrial and agricultural uses of Si-enriched plant biomass, where woody fibres are included in the survey.
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Javed MT, Akram MS, Tanwir K, Javed Chaudhary H, Ali Q, Stoltz E, Lindberg S. Cadmium spiked soil modulates root organic acids exudation and ionic contents of two differentially Cd tolerant maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 141:216-225. [PMID: 28349873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Our earlier work described that the roots of two maize cultivars, grown hydroponically, differentially responded to cadmium (Cd) stress by initiating changes in medium pH depending on their Cd tolerance. The current study investigated the root exudation, elemental contents and antioxidant behavior of the same maize cultivars [cv. 3062 (Cd-tolerant) and cv. 31P41 (Cd-sensitive)] under Cd stress. Plants were maintained in a rhizobox-like system carrying soil spiked with Cd concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 μmol/kg soil. The root and shoot Cd contents increased, while Mg, Ca and Fe contents mainly decreased at higher Cd levels, and preferentially in the sensitive cultivar. Interestingly, the K contents increased in roots of cv. 3062 at low Cd treatments. The Cd stress caused acidosis of the maize root exudates predominantly in cv. 3062. The concentration of various organic acids was significantly increased in the root exudates of cv. 3062 with applied Cd levels. This effect was diminished in cv. 31P41 at higher Cd levels. Cd exposure increased the relative membrane permeability, anthocyanin (only in cv. 3062), proline contents and the activities of peroxidases (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The only exception was the catalase activity, which was diminished in both cultivars. Root Cd contents were positively correlated with the secretion of acetic acid, oxalic acid, glutamic acid, citric acid, and succinic acid. The antioxidants like POD and SOD exhibited a positive correlation with the organic acids under Cd stress. It is likly that a high exudation of dicarboxylic organic acids improves nutrient uptake and activities of antioxidants, which enables the tolerant cultivar to acclimatize in Cd polluted environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tariq Javed
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - M Sohail Akram
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Tanwir
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | | | - Qasim Ali
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Eva Stoltz
- The Rural Economy and Agricultural Society, Örebro 701 45, Sweden
| | - Sylvia Lindberg
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
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Nuttens A, Gross EM. Sucrose modifies growth and physiology in axenically grown Myriophyllum spicatum with potential effects on the response to pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:969-975. [PMID: 27597637 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose as a carbon source in axenic tests affects plant growth and physiology. The high sucrose concentration in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guideline 238 for the submerged growing aquatic plant Myriophyllum spicatum might modify pollutant effects, thus impairing environmental risk assessment. In a factorial design experiment with axenic M. spicatum exposed to 3 sucrose concentrations (no, low, and high) with or without cadmium, growth, dry matter content, content in pigments or phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) were measured. The results show that sucrose is crucial for growth but can be used at lower concentrations than currently considered. Sucrose-treated plants had higher dry matter content and C content but lower contents of chlorophyll and N. Cadmium affected the content in chlorophyll, phenolic compounds, and elemental stoichiometry. Interactive effects were observed on length growth, C and N content, and the C:N and N:P molar ratios. Remarkably, cadmium led to increased shoot length at low, but not at high, sucrose concentration. This contrasting effect might result from differences in osmotic potential caused by sucrose. Overall, the results suggest a strong effect of sucrose concentration on the growth and physiology of M. spicatum and modifications of the response to cadmium. Further studies should establish the lowest sucrose level needed to account for realistic environmental risk assessment based on the axenic OECD 238. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:969-975. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréïna Nuttens
- LIEC UMR 7360 CNRS, Université de Lorraine, Metz, Lorraine, France
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26
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Vatehová Z, Malovíková A, Kollárová K, Kučerová D, Lišková D. Impact of cadmium stress on two maize hybrids. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 108:90-98. [PMID: 27423219 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Some physiological parameters and composition of the root cell walls of two maize hybrids (monocots), the sensitive Novania and the tolerant Almansa were studied after treatment with cadmium cations. After 10 days of Cd2+ treatment (1 × 10-5 M and 5 × 10-5 M), plant growth inhibition, in the sensitive hybrid in particular, as well as a certain alteration in root structure and pigment content were observed. The Cd2+ accumulation was ten times higher in the roots than in the shoots. Chemical analyses and atomic absorption spectroscopy proved that Cd2+ modified the composition of the root cell walls by a significant increase in the content of alkali-soluble polysaccharide fractions, particularly in the tolerant hybrid. An increase in the content of phenolic compounds, mainly in the tolerant hybrid, and a decrease in protein content were observed in the presence of Cd2+ in the alkali fractions. The results indicate that the changes in the cell wall polysaccharide fractions and their proportion to lignin and cellulose are obviously involved in the tolerance and/or defence against Cd2+ of the maize hybrids studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Vatehová
- Institute of Chemistry, Centre of Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anna Malovíková
- Institute of Chemistry, Centre of Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Karin Kollárová
- Institute of Chemistry, Centre of Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Danica Kučerová
- Institute of Chemistry, Centre of Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Desana Lišková
- Institute of Chemistry, Centre of Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Krzesłowska M, Rabęda I, Basińska A, Lewandowski M, Mellerowicz EJ, Napieralska A, Samardakiewicz S, Woźny A. Pectinous cell wall thickenings formation - A common defense strategy of plants to cope with Pb. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 214:354-361. [PMID: 27107260 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Lead, one of the most abundant and hazardous trace metals affecting living organisms, has been commonly detected in plant cell walls including some tolerant plants, mining ecotypes and hyperaccumulators. We have previously shown that in tip growing Funaria sp. protonemata cell wall is remodeled in response to lead by formation of thickenings rich in low-methylesterified pectins (pectin epitope JIM5 - JIM5-P) able to bind metal ions, which accumulate large amounts of Pb. Hence, it leads to the increase of cell wall capacity for Pb compartmentalization. Here we show that diverse plant species belonging to different phyla (Arabidopsis, hybrid aspen, star duckweed), form similar cell wall thickenings in response to Pb. These thickenings are formed in tip growing cells such as the root hairs, and in diffuse growing cells such as meristematic and root cap columella cells of root apices in hybrid aspen and Arabidopsis and in mesophyll cells in star duckweed fronds. Notably, all analyzed cell wall thickenings were abundant in JIM5-P and accumulated high amounts of Pb. In addition, the co-localization of JIM5-P and Pb commonly occurred in these cells. Hence, cell wall thickenings formed the extra compartment for Pb accumulation. In this way plant cells increased cell wall capacity for compartmentalization of this toxic metal, protecting protoplast from its toxicity. As cell wall thickenings occurred in diverse plant species and cell types differing in the type of growth we may conclude that pectinous cell wall thickenings formation is a widespread defense strategy of plants to cope with Pb. Moreover, detection of natural defense strategy, increasing plant cell walls capacity for metal accumulation, reveals a promising direction for enhancing plant efficiency in phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Krzesłowska
- Laboratory of General Botany, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Irena Rabęda
- Laboratory of General Botany, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Aneta Basińska
- Laboratory of General Botany, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Michał Lewandowski
- Laboratory of General Botany, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa J Mellerowicz
- Umeå Plant Science Center, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-90183 Umea, Sweden
| | - Anna Napieralska
- Laboratory of General Botany, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Sławomir Samardakiewicz
- Laboratory of Electron and Confocal Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Adam Woźny
- Laboratory of General Botany, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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Mosa A, El-Banna MF, Gao B. Biochar filters reduced the toxic effects of nickel on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) grown in nutrient film technique hydroponic system. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 149:254-62. [PMID: 26866963 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.01.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This work used the nutrient film technique to evaluate the role of biochar filtration in reducing the toxic effects of nickel (Ni(2+)) on tomato growth. Three hydroponic treatments: T1 (control), T2 (with Ni(2+)), and T3 (with Ni(2+) and biochar) were used in the experiments. Scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform spectroscopy was used to characterize the pre- and post-treatment biochar samples. The results illustrated that precipitation, ion exchange, and complexation with surface functional groups were the potential mechanisms of Ni(2+) removal by biochar. In comparison to the control, the T2 treatment showed severe Ni-stress with alterations in cell wall structure, distortions in cell nucleus, disturbances in mitochondrial system, malformations in stomatal structure, and abnormalities in chloroplast structure. The biochar filters in T3 treatment reduced dysfunctions of cell organelles in root and shoot cells. Total chlorophyll concentration decreased by 41.6% in T2 treatment. This reduction, however, was only 20.8% due to the protective effect of the biochar filters. The presence of Ni(2+) in the systems reduced the tomato fruit yield 58.5% and 31.9% in T2 and T3, respectively. Nickel concentrations reached the toxic limit in roots, shoots, and fruits in T2, which were not observed in T3. Biochar filters in T3 also minimized the dramatic reductions in nutrients concentration in roots, shoots, and fruits, which occurred in T2 treatment due to the severe Ni-stress. Findings from this work suggested that biochar filters can be used on farms as a safeguard for wastewater irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mosa
- Soils Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mostafa F El-Banna
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States.
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29
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Bagheri R, Bashir H, Ahmad J, Iqbal M, Qureshi MI. Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) modulates its proteome differentially in response to salinity, cadmium and their combination stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 97:235-45. [PMID: 26497449 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination and salinity are common stressors in agricultural soils all over the globe. Sensitivity and modulation of plant proteome lead to proper signal execution and adaptation to abiotic stress via molecular responses, which strengthen plant defence system. A comparative proteomic study, employing 2DE-MALDI TOF/TOF MS, of Spinacia oleracea plants exposed to cadmium (50 μg CdCl2 g(-1) soil), salinity (10 mg NaCl g(-1) soil) and their combination (NaCl + Cd) was conducted to understand the minimum common adaptation to multiple stress. Analysis of 2D gel maps showed significant increase and decrease in relative abundance of 14 and 39 proteins by Cd; 11 and 46 by salinity and 22 and 37 by combined stress of Cd and salinity, respectively. Peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) helped in the identification of maturase K and PPD4 with increased relative abundance under all stresses; whereas salinity stress and combination stress silenced the presence of one protein (polycomb protein EZ2) and two proteins (cellulose synthase-like protein and ubiquitin conjugation factor E4), respectively. The identified proteins were functionally associated with signal transduction (15%), protein synthesis (16%), stress response and defence (33%), photosynthesis (13%), plant growth/cell division (9%), energy generation (4%), transport (4%), secondary metabolism (3%), and cell death (3%); clearly indicating the importance and necessity of keeping a higher ratio of defence and disease-responsive proteins. The results suggest that plant may increase the abundance of defence proteins and may also lower the abundance of catabolic proteins. Proteins with altered ratios of abundance belonged to different functional categories, suggesting that plants have differential mechanisms to respond to Cd, salinity, and their combined stress, but with unique sets of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Bagheri
- Proteomics & Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Humayra Bashir
- Proteomics & Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Proteomics & Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - M Irfan Qureshi
- Proteomics & Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
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Tanwir K, Akram MS, Masood S, Chaudhary HJ, Lindberg S, Javed MT. Cadmium-induced rhizospheric pH dynamics modulated nutrient acquisition and physiological attributes of maize (Zea mays L.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:9193-9203. [PMID: 25586617 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly mobile toxic element in soil-plant systems that interferes with plant growth and nutrient acquisition by modulations in the rhizospheric environment. The current study investigated the influence of maize roots on the medium pH, alterations in nutrient uptake, and impact on the plant's physiological attributes under Cd stress. Among the nine maize cultivars, subjected to Cd stress (9.15 mg/kg of sand), one was identified as Cd tolerant (3062-Pioneer) and the second as Cd sensitive (31P41-Pioneer). The selected maize cultivars were grown in nutrient solutions supplemented with 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50 μM CdCl2 under controlled conditions and a starting pH of 6.0. The rhizospheric pH dynamics were monitored each day up to 3 days. Both cultivars caused medium basification; however, the response was different at low (10 and 20 μM) Cd treatments (sensitive cultivar caused medium basification) and at higher (50 μM) Cd treatment (tolerant cultivar caused medium basification). Furthermore, higher Cd was accumulated by the sensitive cultivar which was predominantly found in the roots. Higher Cd levels in the medium resulted in increased uptake and translocation of both Cd and K (in the tolerant cultivar) or only Cd (in the sensitive cultivar). Uptake of other nutrients (Ca, Zn, and Fe) was antagonistically affected by Cd stress in both cultivars. Moreover, Cd stress significantly impaired chlorophyll content, catalase activity, and total protein content; irrespective of the genotype. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content was found to increase, in both cultivars, together with Cd level. However, the extent to which Cd interfered with the studied attributes was more pronounced in the sensitive cultivar as compared to the tolerant one. It is concluded that the maize roots responded to Cd stress by initiating modulations of medium pH which might be dependent on Cd tolerance levels. The study results may help to develop strategies to reduce Cd accumulation in maize and decontamination of metal-polluted soil sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Tanwir
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
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31
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Meyer CL, Juraniec M, Huguet S, Chaves-Rodriguez E, Salis P, Isaure MP, Goormaghtigh E, Verbruggen N. Intraspecific variability of cadmium tolerance and accumulation, and cadmium-induced cell wall modifications in the metal hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:3215-27. [PMID: 25873677 PMCID: PMC4449548 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Certain molecular mechanisms of Cd tolerance and accumulation have been identified in the model species Arabidopsis halleri, while intraspecific variability of these traits and the mechanisms of shoot detoxification were little addressed. The Cd tolerance and accumulation of metallicolous and non-metallicolous A. halleri populations from different genetic units were tested in controlled conditions. In addition, changes in shoot cell wall composition were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Indeed, recent works on A. halleri suggest Cd sequestration both inside cells and in the cell wall/apoplast. All A. halleri populations tested were hypertolerant to Cd, and the metallicolous populations were on average the most tolerant. Accumulation was highly variable between and within populations, and populations that were non-accumulators of Cd were identified. The effect of Cd on the cell wall composition was quite similar in the sensitive species A. lyrata and in A. halleri individuals; the pectin/polysaccharide content of cell walls seems to increase after Cd treatment. Nevertheless, the changes induced by Cd were more pronounced in the less tolerant individuals, leading to a correlation between the level of tolerance and the extent of modifications. This work demonstrated that Cd tolerance and accumulation are highly variable traits in A. halleri, suggesting adaptation at the local scale and involvement of various molecular mechanisms. While in non-metallicolous populations drastic modifications of the cell wall occur due to higher Cd toxicity and/or Cd immobilization in this compartment, the increased tolerance of metallicolous populations probably involves other mechanisms such as vacuolar sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire-Lise Meyer
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michal Juraniec
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Huguet
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio Inorganique et Environnement, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM, UMR 5254), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64053 Pau cedex 9, France
| | - Elena Chaves-Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pietro Salis
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Pierre Isaure
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio Inorganique et Environnement, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM, UMR 5254), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64053 Pau cedex 9, France
| | - Erik Goormaghtigh
- Laboratory for the Structure and Function of Biological Membranes, Center for Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Verbruggen
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Ali N, Masood S, Mukhtar T, Kamran MA, Rafique M, Munis MFH, Chaudhary HJ. Differential effects of cadmium and chromium on growth, photosynthetic activity, and metal uptake of Linum usitatissimum in association with Glomus intraradices. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:311. [PMID: 25934052 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4557-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The current study was aimed at analyzing the differential effects of heavy metals (cadmium and chromium) and mycorrhizal fungus; Glomus intraradices on growth, chlorophyll content, proline production, and metal accumulation in flax plant (Linum usitatissimum L.). Heavy metal accumulation rate in flax varied from 90 to 95 % for Cd and 61-84 % for Cr at a concentration range of 250 to 500 ppm for both metals in 24 days of experiment. Growth and photosynthetic activity of flax reduced to an average of 21 and 45 %, respectively. However, inoculation of G. intraradices significantly increased the plant biomass even under metal stressed conditions. Additionally, mycorrhizal association also assists the Cd and Cr increased uptake by 23 and 33 %, respectively. Due to metal stress, chlorophyll contents were decreased by 27 and 45 %, while 84 and 71 % increased proline content was observed under Cd and Cr stress, respectively. The present results clearly signify the differential response and potential of flax plant towards heavy metal tolerance and accumulation that can further increase with mycorrhizal fungus.
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Parrotta L, Guerriero G, Sergeant K, Cai G, Hausman JF. Target or barrier? The cell wall of early- and later-diverging plants vs cadmium toxicity: differences in the response mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:133. [PMID: 25814996 PMCID: PMC4357295 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Increasing industrialization and urbanization result in emission of pollutants in the environment including toxic heavy metals, as cadmium and lead. Among the different heavy metals contaminating the environment, cadmium raises great concern, as it is ecotoxic and as such can heavily impact ecosystems. The cell wall is the first structure of plant cells to come in contact with heavy metals. Its composition, characterized by proteins, polysaccharides and in some instances lignin and other phenolic compounds, confers the ability to bind non-covalently and/or covalently heavy metals via functional groups. A strong body of evidence in the literature has shown the role of the cell wall in heavy metal response: it sequesters heavy metals, but at the same time its synthesis and composition can be severely affected. The present review analyzes the dual property of plant cell walls, i.e., barrier and target of heavy metals, by taking Cd toxicity as example. Following a summary of the known physiological and biochemical responses of plants to Cd, the review compares the wall-related mechanisms in early- and later-diverging land plants, by considering the diversity in cell wall composition. By doing so, common as well as unique response mechanisms to metal/cadmium toxicity are identified among plant phyla and discussed. After discussing the role of hyperaccumulators' cell walls as a particular case, the review concludes by considering important aspects for plant engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Parrotta
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Kjell Sergeant
- Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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Le Gall H, Philippe F, Domon JM, Gillet F, Pelloux J, Rayon C. Cell Wall Metabolism in Response to Abiotic Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2015; 4:112-66. [PMID: 27135320 PMCID: PMC4844334 DOI: 10.3390/plants4010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 586] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the responses of the plant cell wall to several abiotic stresses including drought, flooding, heat, cold, salt, heavy metals, light, and air pollutants. The effects of stress on cell wall metabolism are discussed at the physiological (morphogenic), transcriptomic, proteomic and biochemical levels. The analysis of a large set of data shows that the plant response is highly complex. The overall effects of most abiotic stress are often dependent on the plant species, the genotype, the age of the plant, the timing of the stress application, and the intensity of this stress. This shows the difficulty of identifying a common pattern of stress response in cell wall architecture that could enable adaptation and/or resistance to abiotic stress. However, in most cases, two main mechanisms can be highlighted: (i) an increased level in xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) and expansin proteins, associated with an increase in the degree of rhamnogalacturonan I branching that maintains cell wall plasticity and (ii) an increased cell wall thickening by reinforcement of the secondary wall with hemicellulose and lignin deposition. Taken together, these results show the need to undertake large-scale analyses, using multidisciplinary approaches, to unravel the consequences of stress on the cell wall. This will help identify the key components that could be targeted to improve biomass production under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyacinthe Le Gall
- EA3900-BIOPI, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France.
| | - Florian Philippe
- EA3900-BIOPI, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France.
| | - Jean-Marc Domon
- EA3900-BIOPI, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France.
| | - Françoise Gillet
- EA3900-BIOPI, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France.
| | - Jérôme Pelloux
- EA3900-BIOPI, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France.
| | - Catherine Rayon
- EA3900-BIOPI, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France.
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Masood S, Syed JH, Munis MFH, Chaudhary HJ. Phyto-Extraction of Nickel by Linum usitatissimum in Association with Glomus intraradices. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2015; 17:981-7. [PMID: 25763643 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2014.989311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants show enhanced phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils particularly in response to fungal inoculation. Present study was conducted to find out the influence of Nickel (Ni) toxicity on plant biomass, growth, chlorophyll content, proline production and metal accumulation by L. usitatissimum (flax) in the presence of Glomus intraradices. Flax seedlings of both inoculated with G. intraradices and non-inoculated were exposed to different concentrations i.e., 250, 350 and 500 ppm of Ni at different time intervals. Analysis of physiological parameters revealed that Ni depressed the growth and photosynthetic activity of plants. However, the inoculation of plants with arbuscular mycorrhizae (G. intraradices) partially helped in the alleviation of Ni toxicity as indicated by improved plant growth under Ni stress. Ni uptake of non- mycorrhizal flax plants was increased by 98% as compared to control conditions whereas inoculated plants showed 19% more uptake when compared with the non-inoculated plants. Mycorrhizal plants exhibited increasing capacity to remediate contaminated soils along with improved growth. Thus, AM assisted phytoremediation helps in the accumulation of Ni in plants to reclaim Ni toxic soils. Based on our findings, it can be concluded that the role of flax plants and mycorrhizal fungi is extremely important in phytoremediation.
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Guerriero G, Sergeant K, Hausman JF. Wood biosynthesis and typologies: a molecular rhapsody. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 34:839-55. [PMID: 24876292 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpu031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Wood represents one of the most important renewable commodities for humanity and plays a crucial role in terrestrial ecosystem carbon-cycling. Wood formation is the result of a multitude of events that require the concerted action of endogenous and exogenous factors under the influence of photoperiod, for instance genes and plant growth regulators. Beyond providing mechanical support and being responsible for the increase in stem radial diameter, woody tissues constitute the vascular system of trees and are capable of reacting to environmental stimuli, and as such are therefore quite plastic and responsive. Despite the ecological and economic importance of wood, not all aspects of its formation have been unveiled. Many gaps in our knowledge are still present, which hinder the maximal exploitation of this precious bioresource. This review aims at surveying the current knowledge of wood formation and the available molecular data addressing the relationship between wood production and environmental factors, which have crucial influences on the rhythmic regulation of cambial activity and exert profound effects on tree stem growth, wood yield and properties. We will here go beyond wood sensu stricto, i.e., secondary xylem, and extend our survey to other tissues, namely vascular cambium, phloem and fibres. The purpose is to provide the reader with an overview of the complexity of the topic and to highlight the importance of progressing in the future towards an integrated knowledge on the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gea Guerriero
- Department of Environment and Agro-biotechnologies (EVA), Centre de Recherche Public-Gabriel Lippmann, 41, Rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Kjell Sergeant
- Department of Environment and Agro-biotechnologies (EVA), Centre de Recherche Public-Gabriel Lippmann, 41, Rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Department of Environment and Agro-biotechnologies (EVA), Centre de Recherche Public-Gabriel Lippmann, 41, Rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg;
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Javed MT, Lindberg S, Greger M. Cadmium uptake in Elodea canadensis leaves and its interference with extra- and intra-cellular pH. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2014; 16:615-621. [PMID: 24016297 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated cadmium (Cd) uptake in Elodea canadensis shoots under different photosynthetic conditions, and its effects on internal (cytosolic) and external pH. The plants were grown under photosynthetic (light) or non-photosynthetic (dark or in the presence of a photosynthetic inhibitor) conditions in the presence or absence of CdCl2 (0.5 μm) in a medium with a starting pH of 5.0. The pH-sensitive dye BCECF-AM was used to monitor cytosolic pH changes in the leaves. Cadmium uptake in protoplasts and leaves was detected with a Cd-specific fluorescent dye, Leadmium Green AM, and with atomic absorption spectrophotometry. During cultivation for 3 days without Cd, shoots of E. canadensis increased the pH of the surrounding water, irrespective of the photosynthetic conditions. This medium alkalisation was higher in the presence of CdCl2 . Moreover, the presence of Cd also increased the cation exchange capacity of the shoots. The total Cd uptake by E. canadensis shoots was independent of photosynthetic conditions. Protoplasts from plants exposed to 0.5 μm CdCl2 for 3 days did not exhibit significant change in cytosolic [Cd(2+)] or pH. However, exposure to CdCl2 for 7 days resulted in increased cytosolic [Cd(2+) ] as well as pH. The results suggest that E. canadensis subjected to a low CdCl2 concentration initially sequesters Cd into the apoplasm, but under prolonged exposure, Cd is transported into the cytosol and subsequently alters cytosolic pH. In contrast, addition of 10-50 μm CdCl2 directly to protoplasts resulted in immediate uptake of Cd into the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Javed
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Tariq Javed M, Lindberg S, Greger M. Cellular proton dynamics in Elodea canadensis leaves induced by cadmium. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 77:15-22. [PMID: 24525352 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Our earlier investigations showed that Elodea canadensis shoots, grown in the presence of cadmium (Cd), caused basification of the surrounding medium. The present study was aimed to examine the proton dynamics of the apoplastic, cytosolic and vacuolar regions of E. canadensis leaves upon Cd exposure and to establish possible linkage between cellular pH changes and the medium basification. The changes in cytosolic calcium [Ca(2+)]cyt was also investigated as the [Ca(2+)]cyt and [pH]cyt homeostasis are closely linked. The cellular H(+) and Ca(2+) concentrations were monitored by fluorescence microscopy and ion-specific fluorescent dyes. Cadmium concentration of leaf-cell walls was measured after plant cultivation at different fixed levels of starting pH. The protoplasts from E. canadensis leaves were isolated by use of a newly developed enzymatic method. Upon Cd addition, both cytosolic and vacuolar pH of leaf protoplasts increased with a concomitant rise in the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration. Time course studies revealed that changes in [Ca(2+)]cyt and [pH]cyt followed similar dynamics. Cadmium (0.5 μM) exposure decreased the apoplastic pH by 0.85 units. The maximum cell wall bound Cd-contents were obtained in plants grown at low starting pH. It is concluded that Cd treatment causes apoplastic acidosis in E. canadensis leaves associated with enhanced Cd binding to the cell walls and, consequently, reduced Cd influx into the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tariq Javed
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sylvia Lindberg
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Greger
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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Astier C, Gloaguen V, Faugeron C. Phytoremediation of cadmium-contaminated soils by young Douglas fir trees: effects of cadmium exposure on cell wall composition. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2014; 16:790-803. [PMID: 24933885 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2013.856849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Douglas fir trees grown on an artificially Cd-contaminated soil, can tolerate this trace element (up to 68 mg/kg in soil) during several months. Most of the absorbed Cd is retained in roots (25 mg/kg DM), but transfer to aerial part is also effective. Showing the highest content, up to 6 mg/kg DM, among all the aboveground parts, barks seem to be a preferred storage compartment. However, the transfer factor is quite low, about 0.3. Another objective of this study was to compare the cell wall components of trees exposed to increasing Cd amounts in soil. A decrease in lignin and an increase in pectin contents were observed in response to increasing soil cadmium concentration. A concurrent reduction in methyl-esterification of pectin suggests than the structure of this major binding site could therefore be modified as a reaction to cadmium contamination. Future prospects will focus on the modulation of pectin composition in response to Cd exposure.
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40
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Zhang X, Liu Q, Xia T, Li N, He K, Wang C, Tan W, Fang X. Atomic force microscopy study of the effects of water-soluble fullerenes on the elasticity of living plant cells. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:2388-94. [PMID: 23929723 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201300522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this work, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to characterize the elastic properties of a living suspension of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Bright Yellow (BY-2) cells and to investigate the changes in plant-cell elasticity that were induced by water-soluble C70 fullerene derivatives. The results revealed different effects of the three fullerene derivatives that had different numbers of carboxylic groups on the cell elasticity. BY-2 cells that were repressed by dimalonic-acid-modified C70 fullerenes (DiF70) and trimalonic-acid-modified C70 fullerenes (TriF70) showed a clear decrease in their Young's modulus. However, the Young's modulus of cells that were treated with tetramalonic-acid-modified C70 fullerenes (TetraF70) increased. Disruption of the actin cytoskeleton arrangement was observed following treatment with DiF70 and TriF70, but not with TetraF70. Moreover, the fullerene-induced cell-elasticity change was consistent with the change in cell-proliferation rate. This work provides a new approach and valuable information for the study of the biological effect of nanomaterials on plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejie Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructures and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2 Zhongguancun Beiyijie, Beijing 100190 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 10-62653083
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41
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Douchiche O, Chaïbi W, Morvan C. Cadmium tolerance and accumulation characteristics of mature flax, cv. Hermes: contribution of the basal stem compared to the root. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 235-236:101-107. [PMID: 22858130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The potential of mature flax plants (cv. Hermes) to tolerate and accumulate cadmium (Cd) was studied to determine which part of the plant would be the key organ for phytoremediation purposes. After 4 month-growth on sand substrate containing 0.1mM Cd in a greenhouse, the roots and stems were separated and the stems were divided into three parts. The effects of Cd were studied on growth parameters, histology and mineral nutrition. No visible toxic symptoms were observed. Tolerance-index values calculated from growth parameters and nutrients remained relatively high, allowing the development of the plant until maturity and formation of seeds. The roots and bottom stem accumulated the highest quantity of Cd (750 and 360 mg/kg dry matter), values which largely exceeded the threshold defined for hyperaccumulators. On the other hand, basal stem had a high bioconcentration factor (BCF=32) and translocation factor TF' (2.5) but a low TF (0.5), indicating that this basal part would play a major role in phytoremediation (phytostabilization rather than phytorextraction). Therefore, the high tolerance to Cd and accumulation capacity make possible to grow Hermes flax on Cd-polluted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Douchiche
- Laboratory Glyco-MEV EA 4358, IFRMP 23, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France.
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42
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Wan L, Zhang H. Cadmium toxicity: effects on cytoskeleton, vesicular trafficking and cell wall construction. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2012; 7:345-8. [PMID: 22499203 PMCID: PMC3443916 DOI: 10.4161/psb.18992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is a well-known environmental pollutant with distinctly toxic effects on plants. It can displace certain essential metals from a wealth of metalloproteins, and thus disturb many normal physiological processes and cause severe developmental aberrant. The harmful effects of cadmium stress include, but are not limited to: reactive oxygen species overproduction, higher lipid hydroperoxide contents, and chloroplast structure change, which may lead to cell death. Plants have developed diverse mechanisms to alleviate environmental cadmium stress, e.g., cadmium pump and transporting cadmium into the leaf vacuoles. This mini-review focuses on the current research into understanding the cellular mechanisms of cadmium toxicity on cytoskeleton, vesicular trafficking and cell wall formation in plants.
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Ahsan N, Nakamura T, Komatsu S. Differential responses of microsomal proteins and metabolites in two contrasting cadmium (Cd)-accumulating soybean cultivars under Cd stress. Amino Acids 2012; 42:317-27. [PMID: 21107622 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0809-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
While there are significant genotypic differences in cadmium (Cd) uptake and distribution in soybean cultivars, little attention has been paid to the underlying molecular mechanisms. We adopted a comparative proteomic approach coupled with metabolite analysis to examine Cd uptake and translocation in two contrasting Cd-accumulating soybean cultivars, Enrei and Harosoy, which accumulate higher amount of Cd in the roots and aerial parts, respectively. Proteins extracted from the root microsomal fraction were evaluated by immunoblot analysis using different subcellular marker proteins. Analysis of control and Cd-exposed samples by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry revealed a total of 13 and 11 differentially expressed proteins in the Enrei and Harosoy cultivars, respectively. Metabolome profiling identified a total of 32 metabolites, the expression of 18 of which was significantly altered in at least in one cultivar in response to Cd stress. Analysis of the combined proteomic and metabolomic results revealed that proteins and amino acids associate with Cd-chelating pathways are highly active in the Enrei cultivar. In addition, proteins associated with lignin biosynthesis are significantly upregulated in the Enrei cultivar under Cd stress. Our results indicate that in the Enrei cultivar, Cd-chelating agents may bind excess free Cd ion and that translocation of Cd from the roots to the aerial parts might be prevented by increased xylem lignification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagib Ahsan
- National Institute of Crop Science, 2-1-18 Kannondai, Tsukuba, 305-8518, Japan
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Fan JL, Wei XZ, Wan LC, Zhang LY, Zhao XQ, Liu WZ, Hao HQ, Zhang HY. Disarrangement of actin filaments and Ca²⁺ gradient by CdCl₂ alters cell wall construction in Arabidopsis thaliana root hairs by inhibiting vesicular trafficking. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 168:1157-67. [PMID: 21497412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), one of the most toxic heavy metals, inhibits many cellular and physiological processes in plants. Here, the involvement of cytoplasmic Ca²⁺ gradient and actin filaments (AFs) in vesicular trafficking, cell wall deposition and tip growth was investigated during root (hair) development of Arabidopsis thaliana in response to CdCl₂ treatment. Seed germination and root elongation were prevented in a dose- and time-dependent manner by CdCl₂ treatment. Fluorescence labelling and non-invasive detection showed that CdCl₂ inhibited extracellular Ca²⁺ influx, promoted intracellular Ca²⁺ efflux, and disturbed the cytoplasmic tip-focused Ca²⁺ gradient. In vivo labelling revealed that CdCl₂ modified actin organization, which subsequently contributed to vesicle trafficking. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that CdCl₂ induced cytoplasmic vacuolization and was detrimental to organelles such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Finally, immunofluorescent labelling and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis indicated that configuration/distribution of cell wall components such as pectins and cellulose was significantly altered in response to CdCl₂. Our results indicate that CdCl₂ induces disruption of Ca²⁺ gradient and AFs affects the distribution of cell wall components in root hairs by disturbing vesicular trafficking in A. thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ling Fan
- Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Molecular Environmental Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
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Roach MJ, Mokshina NY, Badhan A, Snegireva AV, Hobson N, Deyholos MK, Gorshkova TA. Development of cellulosic secondary walls in flax fibers requires beta-galactosidase. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 156:1351-63. [PMID: 21596948 PMCID: PMC3135967 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.172676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Bast (phloem) fibers, tension wood fibers, and other cells with gelatinous-type secondary walls are rich in crystalline cellulose. In developing bast fibers of flax (Linum usitatissimum), a galactan-enriched matrix (Gn-layer) is gradually modified into a mature cellulosic gelatinous-layer (G-layer), which ultimately comprises most of the secondary cell wall. Previous studies have correlated this maturation process with expression of a putative β-galactosidase. Here, we demonstrate that β-galactosidase activity is in fact necessary for the dynamic remodeling of polysaccharides that occurs during normal secondary wall development in flax fibers. We found that developing stems of transgenic (LuBGAL-RNAi) flax with reduced β-galactosidase activity had lower concentrations of free Gal and had significant reductions in the thickness of mature cellulosic G-layers compared with controls. Conversely, Gn-layers, labeled intensively by the galactan-specific LM5 antibody, were greatly expanded in LuBGAL-RNAi transgenic plants. Gross morphology and stem anatomy, including the thickness of bast fiber walls, were otherwise unaffected by silencing of β-galactosidase transcripts. These results demonstrate a specific requirement for β-galactosidase in hydrolysis of galactans during formation of cellulosic G-layers. Transgenic lines with reduced β-galactosidase activity also had biochemical and spectroscopic properties consistent with a reduction in cellulose crystallinity. We further demonstrated that the tensile strength of normal flax stems is dependent on β-galactosidase-mediated development of the phloem fiber G-layer. Thus, the mechanical strength that typifies flax stems is dependent on a thick, cellulosic G-layer, which itself depends on β-galactosidase activity within the precursor Gn-layer. These observations demonstrate a novel role for matrix polysaccharides in cellulose deposition; the relevance of these observations to the development of cell walls in other species is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael K. Deyholos
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9 (M.J.R., A.B., N.H., M.K.D.); Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420111, Russia (N.Y.M., A.V.S., T.A.G.)
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Douchiche O, Driouich A, Morvan C. Impact of cadmium on early stages of flax fibre differentiation: ultrastructural aspects and pectic features of cell walls. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2011; 49:592-599. [PMID: 21470867 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The effect of 0.5mM cadmium (Cd) was studied on the ultrastructural aspects and pectin features of the walls of flax cellulosic fibres when the thickening of secondary wall had just started in the hypocotyl of 10-day old seedlings. As seen by PATAg staining in controls, cell-wall formation displayed two distinct steps, secretion and remodelling, which did not occur simultaneously for all the neighbouring fibres. The inner part of the secondary wall, where the cellulose molecules had just been synthesized, appeared very reactive to PATAg. The outer part, where the cellulose fibrils associated in larger microfibril complexes, became non-reactive to PATAg. Under Cd treatment, we noticed some acceleration of fibre differentiation in terms of fibre number, wall thickness and yield. As revealed by PATAg staining, treated fibres exhibited a disturbed cell-wall texture, indicating a modified adhesion between the matrix polysaccharides and the cellulose microfibrils. The Cd impact on the distribution of highly methylesterified homogalacturonans (recognized by JIM7 antibody) was moderate in the cell junctions and low in the primary wall and outer part of secondary wall. The data meant that no early deesterification occurred in these domains, a behaviour related to the specificity of the CW-II metabolism. No large redistribution of low esterified homogalacturonans (recognized by JIM5 antibody) happened either. In parallel, the amount of uronic acid significantly increased in the so-called H(2)SO(4) cell-wall extract, indicating a Cd impact on pectin structure not detected by JIM5 or JIM7 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Douchiche
- Laboratory Glyco-MEV EA 4358, IFRMP 23, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France.
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Douchiche O, Soret-Morvan O, Chaïbi W, Morvan C, Paynel F. Characteristics of cadmium tolerance in 'Hermes' flax seedlings: contribution of cell walls. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 81:1430-1436. [PMID: 20884040 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Most flax (Linum usitatissimum) varieties are described as tolerant to high concentrations of Cd. The aim of the present paper was to better characterize this tolerance, by studying the responses of flax plantlets, cv Hermes, to 18d growth on 0.5mM Cd. In Cd-treated seedlings, the majority of Cd was compartmentalized in the roots. Analysis of other elements showed that only Fe concentration was reduced, while Mn increased. Growth parameters of Cd treated flax were only moderately altered, with similar mass tolerance-indices for roots and shoots. Tissue anatomy was unaffected by treatment. The effect on lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation and antioxidative activities appeared low but slightly higher in roots. The most important impacts of Cd were, in all organs, cell expansion, cell-wall thickening, pectin cross-linking and increase of cell-wall enzymatic activities (pectin methylesterase and peroxidase). Thus, the role of the cell wall in Cd tolerance might be important at two levels: (i) in the reinforcement of the tissue cohesion and (ii) in the sequestration of Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Douchiche
- Laboratory Glyco-MEV EA 4358, IFRMP 23, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France
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Boughanmi N, Thibault F, Decou R, Fleurat-Lessard P, Béré E, Costa G, Lhernould S. NaCl effect on the distribution of wall ingrowth polymers and arabinogalactan proteins in type A transfer cells of Medicago sativa Gabès leaves. PROTOPLASMA 2010; 242:69-80. [PMID: 20237812 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-010-0125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We studied the distribution of wall ingrowth (WI) polymers by probing thin sections of companion cells specialized as transfer cells in minor veins of Medicago sativa cv Gabès blade with affinity probes and antibodies specific to polysaccharides and glycoproteins. The wall polymers in the controls were similar in WIs and in the primary wall but differently distributed. The extent of labeling in these papillate WIs differed for JIM5 and JIM7 homogalacturonans but was in the same range for LM5 and LM6 rhamnogalacturonans and xyloglucans. These data show that WI enhancement probably requires arabinogalactan proteins (JIM8) mainly localized on the outer part of the primary wall and WIs. By comparison, NaCl-treated plants exhibited cell wall polysaccharide modifications indicating (1) an increase in unesterified homogalacturonans (JIM5), probably implicated in Na(+) binding and/or polysaccharide network interaction for limiting turgor variations in mesophyll cells; (2) enhancement of the xyloglucan network with an accumulation of fucosylated xyloglucans (CCRC-M1) known to increase the capacity of cellulose binding; and (3) specific recognition of JIM8 arabinogalactan proteins that could participate in both wall enlargement and cohesion by increasing the number of molecular interactions with the other polymers. In conclusion, the cell wall polysaccharide distribution in enlarged WIs might (1) participate in wall resistance to sequestration of Na(+), allowing a better control of hydric homeostasis in mesophyll cells to maintain metabolic activity in source leaves, and (2) maintain tolerance of M. sativa to NaCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néziha Boughanmi
- Département des Sciences de la Vie, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021, Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia.
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Konno H, Nakashima S, Katoh K. Metal-tolerant moss Scopelophila cataractae accumulates copper in the cell wall pectin of the protonema. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 167:358-64. [PMID: 19853964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2009.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Revised: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The growth kinetics in the presence of copper (Cu) of the protonema of the moss Scopelophila cataractae and the matrix polysaccharides of its cell walls have been analyzed in this study. Protonemal cells cultured in a medium containing 0.2mM CuSO(4) showed a rapid accumulation of Cu, reaching a maximum between 30 and 60d at approximately 65 micromolg(-1) DW. Uronic acids were found in similar amounts in cell walls of both control and Cu-treated cells, whereas arabinose and galactose decreased to 61-67% in the presence of Cu. Cell wall polysaccharides were determined after successive extraction with 50mM CDTA, 50mM Na(2)CO(3), 1M KOH, and 4M KOH. The pectic fractions (CDTA- and Na(2)CO(3)-soluble) decreased to 47% and the hemicellulosic fractions (1M KOH- and 4M KOH-soluble) to 86% under Cu application. Approximately 43% of the Cu taken into cell walls was released following endo-pectate lyase treatment, suggesting that two-fifths of the total Cu accumulation was tightly bound to the homogalacturonan of the cell wall pectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruyoshi Konno
- Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan.
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Douchiche O, Driouich A, Morvan C. Spatial regulation of cell-wall structure in response to heavy metal stress: cadmium-induced alteration of the methyl-esterification pattern of homogalacturonans. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2010; 105:481-91. [PMID: 20085918 PMCID: PMC2826256 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcp306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Revised: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In flax hypocotyls, cadmium-induced reorientation of growth coincides with marked changes in homogalacturonan (HGA) epitopes that were recognized by JIM7 and JIM5 antibodies in the external tangential wall of the epidermis. In the present study, LM7 and 2F4 monoclonal antibodies were used, in addition to JIM5 and JIM7, to extend the investigation on the methyl-esterification pattern of HGA within various domains of the cortical tissues, including the cortical parenchyma where cell cohesion is crucial. METHODS The PATAg (periodic acid thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate) test was applied to ultrathin sections so that the polysaccharides could be visualized and the ultrastructure studied. The monoclonal LM7, JIM5 and JIM7 antibodies that recognize differently methyl-esterified HGA were used. The monoclonal 2F4 antibody that is specific to a particular polygalacturonic acid conformation induced by a given calcium to sodium ratio was also applied. After immunogold labelling, the grids were stained with uranyl-acetate, the samples were observed using a transmission electron microscope and the gold particles were counted. KEY RESULTS In the presence of cadmium, the increase of LM7 labelling in external tangential wall of the epidermis, together with a decrease of JIM7 labelling, suggested a specific role for randomly partially de-esterified HGA to counteract the radial swelling stress. Enhanced JIM5 and 2F4 labelling in the junctions of the inner tissues indicated that the presence of blockwise de-esterified HGA might oppose cell separation. CONCLUSIONS The response of the hypocotyl to cadmium stress was to adapt the structure of the wall of cortical tissues by differently modulating the methyl-esterification pattern of HGA in various domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Douchiche
- Laboratory Glyco-Mev, SCUEOR, IFRMP 23, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France.
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