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Hippler M, Khosravitabar F. Light-Driven H 2 Production in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: Lessons from Engineering of Photosynthesis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2114. [PMID: 39124233 PMCID: PMC11314271 DOI: 10.3390/plants13152114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
In the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, hydrogen production is catalyzed via the [FeFe]-hydrogenases HydA1 and HydA2. The electrons required for the catalysis are transferred from ferredoxin (FDX) towards the hydrogenases. In the light, ferredoxin receives its electrons from photosystem I (PSI) so that H2 production becomes a fully light-driven process. HydA1 and HydA2 are highly O2 sensitive; consequently, the formation of H2 occurs mainly under anoxic conditions. Yet, photo-H2 production is tightly coupled to the efficiency of photosynthetic electron transport and linked to the photosynthetic control via the Cyt b6f complex, the control of electron transfer at the level of photosystem II (PSII) and the structural remodeling of photosystem I (PSI). These processes also determine the efficiency of linear (LEF) and cyclic electron flow (CEF). The latter is competitive with H2 photoproduction. Additionally, the CBB cycle competes with H2 photoproduction. Consequently, an in-depth understanding of light-driven H2 production via photosynthetic electron transfer and its competition with CO2 fixation is essential for improving photo-H2 production. At the same time, the smart design of photo-H2 production schemes and photo-H2 bioreactors are challenges for efficient up-scaling of light-driven photo-H2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hippler
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Fatemeh Khosravitabar
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
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2
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Peng Y, Lou H, Tan Z, Ouyang Z, Zhang Y, Lu S, Guo L, Yang B. Lipidomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal Changes of Lipid and Metabolite Profiles in Rapeseed during Nitrogen Deficiency. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:904-915. [PMID: 37847101 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is one of the most essential macronutrients for plant growth and its availability in soil is vital for agricultural sustainability and productivity. However, excessive nitrogen application could reduce the nitrogen use efficiency and produce environmental pollution. Here, we systematically determined the response in lipidome and metabolome in rapeseed during nitrogen starvation. Plant growth was severely retarded during nitrogen deficiency, while the levels of most amino acids were significantly decreased. The level of monogalactosyldiacyglycerol (MGDG) in leaves and roots was significantly decreased, while the level of digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) was significantly decreased in roots, resulting in a significant reduction of the MGDG/DGDG ratio during nitrogen starvation. Meanwhile, the levels of sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glucuronosyl diacylglycerol were reduced to varying extents. Moreover, the levels of metabolites in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, Calvin cycle and energy metabolism were changed during nitrogen deficiency. These findings show that nitrogen deprivation alters the membrane lipid metabolism and carbon metabolism, and our study provides valuable information to further understand the response of rapeseed to nitrogen deficiency at the metabolism level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongxiang Lou
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zengdong Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhewen Ouyang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shaoping Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan 430070, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan 430070, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 97 Buxin Road, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Bao Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan 430070, China
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3
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Plyusnina TY, Khruschev SS, Degtereva NS, Voronova EN, Volgusheva AA, Riznichenko GY, Rubin AB. Three-state mathematical model for the assessment of DCMU-treated photosystem II heterogeneity. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2024; 159:303-320. [PMID: 38466456 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-024-01077-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) is one of the main pigment-protein complexes of photosynthesis which is highly sensitive to unfavorable environmental factors. The heterogeneity of PSII properties is essential for the resistance of autotrophic organisms to stress factors. Assessment of the PSII heterogeneity may be used in environmental monitoring for on-line detection of contamination of the environment. We propose an approach to assess PSII oxygen-evolving complex and light-harvesting antenna heterogeneity that is based on mathematical modeling of the shape of chlorophyll a fluorescence rise of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea-treated samples. The hierarchy of characteristic times of the processes considered in the model makes it possible to reduce the model to a system of three ordinary differential equations. The analytic solution of the reduced three-state model is expressed as a sum of two exponential functions, and it exactly reproduces the solution of the complete system within the time range from microseconds to hundreds of milliseconds. The combination of several such models for reaction centers with different properties made it possible to use it as an instrument to study PSII heterogeneity. PSII heterogeneity was studied for Chlamydomonas at different intensities of actinic light, for Scenedesmus under short-term heating, and for Chlorella grown in nitrate-enriched and nitrate-depleted media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Yu Plyusnina
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
| | - Sergei S Khruschev
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Natalia S Degtereva
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Elena N Voronova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Alena A Volgusheva
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Galina Yu Riznichenko
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Andrew B Rubin
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
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Shukla PS, Nivetha N, Nori SS, Kumar S, Critchley AT, Suryanarayan S. A biostimulant prepared from red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii induces flowering and improves the growth of Pisum sativum grown under optimum and nitrogen-limited conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1265432. [PMID: 38510831 PMCID: PMC10951999 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1265432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is one of the critical elements required by plants and is therefore one of the important limiting factors for growth and yield. To increase agricultural productivity, farmers are using excessive N fertilizers to the soil, which poses a threat to the ecosystem, as most of the applied nitrogen fertilizer is not taken up by crops, and runoff to aquatic bodies and the environment causes eutrophication, pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, we used LBS6, a Kappaphycus alvarezii-based biostimulant as a sustainable alternative to improve the growth of plants under different NO3 - fertigation. A root drench treatment of 1 ml/L LBS6 significantly improved the growth of Pisum sativum plants grown under optimum and deficient N conditions. No significant difference was observed in the growth of LBS6-treated plants grown with excessive N. The application of LBS6 induced flowering under optimum and deficient N conditions. The total nitrogen, nitrate and ammonia contents of tissues were found to be higher in treated plants grown under N deficient conditions. The LBS6 treatments had significantly higher chlorophyll content in those plants grown under N-deficient conditions. The root drench application of LBS6 also regulated photosynthetic efficiency by modulating electron and proton transport-related processes of leaves in the light-adapted state. The rate of linear electron flux, proton conductivity and steady-state proton flux across the thylakoid membrane were found to be higher in LBS6-treated plants. Additionally, LBS6 also reduced nitrogen starvation-induced, reactive oxygen species accumulation by reduction in lipid peroxidation in treated plants. Gene expression analysis showed differential regulation of expression of those genes involved in N uptake, transport, assimilation, and remobilization in LBS6-treated plants. Taken together, LBS6 improved growth of those treated plants under optimum and nitrogen-limited condition by positively modulating their biochemical, molecular, and physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushp Sheel Shukla
- Research and Development Division, Sea6 Energy Private Limited, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, National Centre for Biological Sciences-Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Nagarajan Nivetha
- Research and Development Division, Sea6 Energy Private Limited, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, National Centre for Biological Sciences-Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sri Sailaja Nori
- Research and Development Division, Sea6 Energy Private Limited, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, National Centre for Biological Sciences-Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sawan Kumar
- Research and Development Division, Sea6 Energy Private Limited, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, National Centre for Biological Sciences-Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Alan T. Critchley
- Verschuren Centre for Sustainability in Energy and the Environment, Sydney, NS, Canada
| | - Shrikumar Suryanarayan
- Research and Development Division, Sea6 Energy Private Limited, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, National Centre for Biological Sciences-Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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5
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Volgusheva AA, Todorenko DA, Konyukhov IV, Voronova EN, Pogosyan SI, Plyusnina TY, Khruschev SS, Antal TK. Acclimation Response of Green Microalgae Chlorella Sorokiniana to 2,3',4,4',6-Pentachlorobiphenyl. Photochem Photobiol 2022. [PMID: 36562220 DOI: 10.1111/php.13771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the toxicant 2,3',4,4',6-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-119) on the growth, chlorophyll content, and PSII activity of C. sorokiniana cells was investigated. A strong negative effect of the toxicant was observed at PCB concentration of 0.05 μg mL-1 , when culture growth ceased, chlorophyll strongly bleached, and cell death occurred. The use of original highly sensitive fluorimeter to measure three types of high-resolution chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics allowed us to detect an initial dramatic decrease in the activity of primary photosynthetic reactions, followed by their almost complete recovery at the end of the incubation period when most cells were dead. The study of the distribution of individual cells in culture in terms of Fv /Fm parameter, which reflects the quantum yield of PSII photochemistry, revealed the existence of 2-3% of cells retaining high Fv /Fm (>0.7) in the presence of the toxicant. The treated cultures were able to resume growth after prolonged incubation in fresh medium. The high sensitivity fluorescence methods used made it possible to identify stress-resistant cells which maintain high photosynthetic activity in the presence of lethal doses of toxic substances; these cells provide recovery of the population after stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daria A Todorenko
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan V Konyukhov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena N Voronova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey I Pogosyan
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Taras K Antal
- Laboratory of integrated ecological research, Pskov State University, Pskov, Russia
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6
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Wei X, Yang Y, Yao J, Han J, Yan M, Zhang J, Shi Y, Wang J, Mu C. Improved Utilization of Nitrate Nitrogen Through Within-Leaf Nitrogen Allocation Trade-Offs in Leymus chinensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:870681. [PMID: 35574094 PMCID: PMC9096725 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.870681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Sharply increasing atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition may substantially impact the N availability and photosynthetic capacity of terrestrial plants. Determining the trade-off relationship between within-leaf N sources and allocation is therefore critical for understanding the photosynthetic response to nitrogen deposition in grassland ecosystems. We conducted field experiments to examine the effects of inorganic nitrogen addition (sole NH4 +, sole NO3 - and mixed NH4 +/NO3 -: 50%/50%) on N assimilation and allocation by Leymus chinensis. The leaf N allocated to the photosynthetic apparatus (NPSN) and chlorophyll content per unit area (Chlarea) were significantly positively correlated with the photosynthetic N-use efficiency (PNUE). The sole NO3 - treatment significantly increased the plant leaf PNUE and biomass by increasing the photosynthetic N allocation and Chlarea. Under the NO3 treatment, L. chinensis plants devoted more N to their bioenergetics and light-harvesting systems to increase electron transfer. Plants reduced the cell wall N allocation or increased their soluble protein concentrations to balance growth and defense under the NO3 treatment. In the sole NH4 + treatment, however, plants decreased their N allocation to photosynthetic components, but increased their N allocation to the cell wall and elsewhere. Our findings demonstrated that within-leaf N allocation optimization is a key adaptive mechanism by which plants maximize their PNUE and biomass under predicted future global changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory for Plant Resources Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping, China
| | - Yuheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jialiang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiayu Han
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Ming Yan
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yujie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunsheng Mu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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7
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Salvi P, Agarrwal R, Gandass N, Manna M, Kaur H, Deshmukh R. Sugar transporters and their molecular tradeoffs during abiotic stress responses in plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13652. [PMID: 35174495 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sugars as photosynthates are well known as energy providers and as building blocks of various structural components of plant cells, tissues and organs. Additionally, as a part of various sugar signaling pathways, they interact with other cellular machinery and influence many important cellular decisions in plants. Sugar signaling is further reliant on the differential distribution of sugars throughout the plant system. The distribution of sugars from source to sink tissues or within organelles of plant cells is a highly regulated process facilitated by various sugar transporters located in plasma membranes and organelle membranes, respectively. Sugar distribution, as well as signaling, is impacted during unfavorable environments such as extreme temperatures, salt, nutrient scarcity, or drought. Here, we have discussed the mechanism of sugar transport via various types of sugar transporters as well as their differential response during environmental stress exposure. The functional involvement of sugar transporters in plant's abiotic stress tolerance is also discussed. Besides, we have also highlighted the challenges in engineering sugar transporter proteins as well as the undeciphered modules associated with sugar transporters in plants. Thus, this review provides a comprehensive discussion on the role and regulation of sugar transporters during abiotic stresses and enables us to target the candidate sugar transporter(s) for crop improvement to develop climate-resilient crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prafull Salvi
- Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | | | - Nishu Gandass
- Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Mrinalini Manna
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Harmeet Kaur
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India
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8
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Cun Z, Wu HM, Zhang JY, Shuang SP, Hong J, Chen JW. Responses of Linear and Cyclic Electron Flow to Nitrogen Stress in an N-Sensitive Species Panax notoginseng. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:796931. [PMID: 35242152 PMCID: PMC8885595 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.796931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is a primary factor limiting leaf photosynthesis. However, the mechanism of N-stress-driven photoinhibition of the photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) is still unclear in the N-sensitive species such as Panax notoginseng, and thus the role of electron transport in PSII and PSI photoinhibition needs to be further understood. We comparatively analyzed photosystem activity, photosynthetic rate, excitation energy distribution, electron transport, OJIP kinetic curve, P700 dark reduction, and antioxidant enzyme activities in low N (LN), moderate N (MN), and high N (HN) leaves treated with linear electron flow (LEF) inhibitor [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea (DCMU)] and cyclic electron flow (CEF) inhibitor (methyl viologen, MV). The results showed that the increased application of N fertilizer significantly enhance leaf N contents and specific leaf N (SLN). Net photosynthetic rate (P n) was lower in HN and LN plants than in MN ones. Maximum photochemistry efficiency of PSII (F v/F m), maximum photo-oxidation P700+ (P m), electron transport rate of PSI (ETRI), electron transport rate of PSII (ETRII), and plastoquinone (PQ) pool size were lower in the LN plants. More importantly, K phase and CEF were higher in the LN plants. Additionally, there was not a significant difference in the activity of antioxidant enzyme between the MV- and H2O-treated plants. The results obtained suggest that the lower LEF leads to the hindrance of the formation of ΔpH and ATP in LN plants, thereby damaging the donor side of the PSII oxygen-evolving complex (OEC). The over-reduction of PSI acceptor side is the main cause of PSI photoinhibition under LN condition. Higher CEF and antioxidant enzyme activity not only protected PSI from photodamage but also slowed down the damage rate of PSII in P. notoginseng grown under LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Cun
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Hong-Min Wu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jin-Yan Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Sheng-Pu Shuang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Hong
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun-Wen Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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9
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Nutritional Diversity and Antioxidant Activity of Two Indigenous Quince Ecotypes from Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir. J FOOD QUALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/1129998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Quince fruit is mostly used to produce functional products. Recently, the value of this crop has increased due to demand as industrial raw material. The state of Azad Jammu and Kashmir and specifically Rawalakot, District Poonch, is blessed with climatic conditions which are very much suitable for quince production, and therefore, a huge plantation could be found in wild. In this regard, this study was designed to collect two different accessions of quince (apple-shaped quince (ASQ) and pear-shaped quince (PSQ)) from three different locations (Dhamni (elevation: 5431 ft), Shamsabad (elevation: 5374 ft), and Drake (elevation: 3378 ft)) of Rawalakot, District Poonch, and analyze their physicochemical and mineral nutrients of fruit and the soil. Correlation coefficients were established pairwise. Results showed that physicochemical nutrients were significantly (
) higher in ASQ fruits as compared with PSQ fruits. Further, fruits collected from location at higher elevation (Dhamni) showed better results as compared with fruits collected from lower elevations. Moreover, increased amount of nitrogen contents in the soil resulted in increased fruit weight. Similarly, fruit quality indices and bioactive compounds showed a positive correlation with the increased soil nutrient contents. These prediction models for quality of quince could be useful in guiding plant nutrition status and for enhancing fruit production in this region.
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10
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Li H, Li J, Zhang X, Shi T, Chai X, Hou P, Wang Y. Mesophyll conductance, photoprotective process and optimal N partitioning are essential to the maintenance of photosynthesis at N deficient condition in a wheat yellow-green mutant (Triticum aestivum L.). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 263:153469. [PMID: 34252704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The major effect of nitrogen (N) deficiency is the inhibition on CO2 assimilation regulated by light energy absorption, transport and conversion, as well as N allocation. In this study, a yellow-green wheat mutant (Jimai5265yg) and its wild type (Jimai5265, WT) were compared between 0 mM N (N0) and 14 mM N (N14) treatments using hydroponic experiments. The mutant exhibited higher photosynthetic efficiency (An) than WT despite low chlorophyll (Chl) content in non-stressed conditions. The photosynthetic advantages of the mutant were maintained under N deficient condition. The quantitative analysis of limitations to photosynthesis revealed that CO2 diffusion associated with mesophyll conductance (gm) was the dominant limitation. Relative easiness to gain CO2 in the chloroplast contributed to the higher An of Jimai5265yg. N deficiency induced the photoinhibition of PSII, but the cyclic electron transport and photochemical activity of PSI was higher in Jimai5265yg compared to Jimai5265, which was a protective mechanism to avoid photodamage. Because of the sharp drop of An, N deficient seedlings had much lower photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE). However, N deficiency increased the relative content of photosynthetic N (Npsn) and decreased the relative content of storage N (Nstore). The range of change in N partitioning induced by N deficiency was smaller for Jimai5265yg compared to WT. The less insensitive to N deficiency for the mutant in terms of photosynthetic property and N partitioning suggested that gm, cyclic electron transport around PSI and more optimal N partitioning pattern is necessary to sustain photosynthesis under N deficient condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Junjie Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Tingrui Shi
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Xinyu Chai
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Peijia Hou
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
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11
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Effects of Monochromatic Illumination with LEDs Lights on the Growth and Photosynthetic Performance of Auxenochlorella protothecoides in Photo- and Mixotrophic Conditions. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040799. [PMID: 33921700 PMCID: PMC8073139 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of monochromatic illumination (blue, red, green and yellow) employing light-emitting diodes (LEDs), trophic conditions (photoautotrophic and mixotrophic), and nitrogen availability (high and low peptone concentration) on the growth and biochemical composition of Auxenochlorella protothecoides. The results revealed that mixotrophic conditions did not favor A. protothecoides, giving lower growth rates compared to heterotrophy (dark conditions). However, mixotrophy gave significantly higher growth rates compared to photoautotrophy. The best light wavelengths for mixotrophic cultivation were that of white and red. In all cases investigated in this study, high peptone concentration (4 g/L) resulted in decreased growth rates. Regarding the biochemical composition of A. protothecoides, the strongest effect, irrespective of trophic conditions, was caused by nitrogen availability (peptone concentration). Specifically, at nitrogen replete conditions (4 g/L peptone), biomass was rich in proteins (32-67%), whereas under deplete conditions (0.5 g/L peptone), A. protothecoides accumulated mainly carbohydrates (up to 56%). Mixotrophic conditions generally favored higher carbohydrate content, whereas photoautotrophic conditions favored higher protein content. The different illumination spectra did not have any clear effect on the biochemical composition (metabolites content), except that, in all trophic conditions, the use of the green spectrum resulted in higher chlorophyll b content. Chlorophyll a fluorescence studies revealed that the trophic conditions and the high peptone concentrations impacted the photosystem II (PSII) performance, and also affected plastoquinone re-oxidation kinetics and the heterogeneity of the PSII reaction centers.
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Wang Y, Wang D, Tao Z, Yang Y, Gao Z, Zhao G, Chang X. Impacts of Nitrogen Deficiency on Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) Grain During the Medium Filling Stage: Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Comparisons. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:674433. [PMID: 34421938 PMCID: PMC8371442 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.674433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) supplementation is essential to the yield and quality of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The impact of N-deficiency on wheat at the seedling stage has been previously reported, but the impact of distinct N regimes applied at the seedling stage with continuous application on filling and maturing wheat grains is lesser known, despite the filling stage being critical for final grain yield and flour quality. Here, we compared phenotype characteristics such as grain yield, grain protein and sugar quality, plant growth, leaf photosynthesis of wheat under N-deficient and N-sufficient conditions imposed prior to sowing (120 kg/hm2) and in the jointing stage (120 kg/hm2), and then evaluated the effects of this continued stress through RNA-seq and GC-MS metabolomics profiling of grain at the mid-filling stage. The results showed that except for an increase in grain size and weight, and in the content of total sugar, starch, and fiber in bran fraction and white flour, the other metrics were all decreased under N-deficiency conditions. A total of 761 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 77 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were identified. Under N-deficiency, 51 down-regulated DEGs were involved in the process of impeding chlorophyll synthesis, chloroplast development, light harvesting, and electron transfer functions of photosystem, which resulted in the SPAD and Pn value decreased by 32 and 15.2% compared with N-sufficiency, inhibited photosynthesis. Twenty-four DEGs implicated the inhibition of amino acids synthesis and protein transport, in agreement with a 17-42% reduction in ornithine, cysteine, aspartate, and tyrosine from metabolome, and an 18.6% reduction in grain protein content. However, 14 DEGs were implicated in promoting sugar accumulation in the cell wall and another six DEGs also enhanced cell wall synthesis, which significantly increased fiber content in the endosperm and likely contributed to increasing the thousands-grain weight (TGW). Moreover, RNA-seq profiling suggested that wheat grain can improve the capacity of DNA repair, iron uptake, disease and abiotic stress resistance, and oxidative stress scavenging through increasing the content levels of anthocyanin, flavonoid, GABA, galactose, and glucose under N-deficiency condition. This study identified candidate genes and metabolites related to low N adaption and tolerance that may provide new insights into a comprehensive understanding of the genotype-specific differences in performance under N-deficiency conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Wang
- Center for Crop Management and Farming System, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Demei Wang
- Center for Crop Management and Farming System, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Tao
- Center for Crop Management and Farming System, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yushuang Yang
- Center for Crop Management and Farming System, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenxian Gao
- Wheat Research Center, Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guangcai Zhao
- Center for Crop Management and Farming System, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guangcai Zhao
| | - Xuhong Chang
- Center for Crop Management and Farming System, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Xuhong Chang
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13
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Wen B, Xiao W, Mu Q, Li D, Chen X, Wu H, Li L, Peng F. How does nitrate regulate plant senescence? PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 157:60-69. [PMID: 33091797 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development and plays an important role in the whole life process of plants. Nitrogen is an important component of amino acids, chlorophyll, plant hormones and secondary metabolites. Nitrogen deficiency leads to early senescence in plants, which is accompanied by changes in gene expression, metabolism, growth, development, and physiological and biochemical traits, which ensures efficient nitrogen recycling and enhances the plant's tolerance to low nitrogen. Therefore, it is very important to understand the adaptation mechanisms of plants under nitrogen deficiency for the efficient utilization of nitrogen and gene regulation. With the popularization of molecular biology, bioinformatics and transgenic technology, the metabolic pathways of nitrogen-deficient plants have been verified, and important progress has been made. However, how the responses of plants to nitrogen deficiency affect the biological processes of the plants is not well understood. The current research also cannot completely explain how the metabolic pathways identified show other reactions or phenotypes through interactions or cascades after nitrogen inhibition. Nitrate is the main form of nitrogen absorption. In this review, we discuss the role of nitrate in plant senescence. Understanding how nitrate inhibition affects nitrate absorption, transport, and assimilation; chlorophyll synthesis; photosynthesis; anthocyanin synthesis; and plant hormone synthesis is key to sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Wen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Qin Mu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Xiude Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Hongyu Wu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Ling Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China.
| | - Futian Peng
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China.
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14
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Gao L, Lu Z, Ding L, Xie K, Wang M, Ling N, Guo S. Anatomically induced changes in rice leaf mesophyll conductance explain the variation in photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency under contrasting nitrogen supply. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:527. [PMID: 33208102 PMCID: PMC7672947 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02731-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ratio of CO2 mesophyll conductance (gm) to Ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) content has been suggested to positively affect photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE). The anatomical basis of gm has been quantified, but information on the relationship between cell-level anatomies and PNUE is less advanced. Here, hydroponic experiments were conducted in rice plants supplied with ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-) under three N levels (low, 0.71 mM; intermediate, 2.86 mM; high, 7.14 mM) to investigate the gas exchange parameters, leaf anatomical structure and PNUE. RESULTS The results showed a lower PNUE in plants supplied with high nitrogen and NH4+, which was positively correlated with the gm/Rubisco ratio. A one-dimensional within-leaf model revealed that the resistance to CO2 diffusion in the liquid phase (rliq) dominated the overall mesophyll resistance (rm), in which CO2 transfer resistance in the cell wall, cytoplasm and stroma were significantly affected by nitrogen supply. The chloroplast surface area exposed to intercellular space (Sc) per Rubisco rather than the gm/Sc ratio was positively correlated with PNUE and was thus considered a key component influencing PNUE. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our study emphasized that Sc was the most important anatomical trait in coordinating gm and PNUE with contrasting N supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Gao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhifeng Lu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kailiu Xie
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Min Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ning Ling
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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15
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Pollastrini M, Salvatori E, Fusaro L, Manes F, Marzuoli R, Gerosa G, Brüggemann W, Strasser RJ, Bussotti F. Selection of tree species for forests under climate change: is PSI functioning a better predictor for net photosynthesis and growth than PSII? TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:1561-1571. [PMID: 32597979 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) assessment was carried out on oak seedlings (Quercus ilex L., Quercus pubescens Willd., Quercus frainetto Ten.) of Italian and Greek provenance, during the years 2017 and 2018, in a common garden in central Italy planted in 2017. This trial aimed to test the relative performances of the oak species in the perspective of assisted migration as part of the actions for the adaptation of forests to climate change. The assessment of the photosynthetic performance of the tree species included the analysis of the prompt chlorophyll fluorescence (PF) transient and the modulated reflection (MR) at 820 nm, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf gas exchange (net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance), plant growth (i.e., height) and mortality rate after 2 years from the beginning of the experiment. The assessment of the performance of the three oak species was carried out 'in vivo'. Plants were generated from seeds and exposed to several environmental factors, including changing seasonal temperature, water availability, and soil biological and physical functionality. The results of PF indicate a stable functionality of the photosynthetic system PSII (expressed as FV/FM) across species and provenances and a decline in photochemistry functionality at the I-P phase (ΔVIP) in Q. frainetto, thus indicating a decline of the content of PSI in this species. This result was confirmed by the findings of MR analysis, with the speed of reduction and subsequent oxidation of PSI (VRED and VOX) strongly correlated to the amplitude of ΔVIP. The photosynthetic rates (net photosynthesis, PN) and growth were correlated with the parameters associated with PSI content and function, rather than those related to PSII. The low performance of Q. frainetto in the common garden seems to be related to early foliar senescence with the depletion of nitrogen, due to suboptimal climatic and edaphic conditions. Chlorophyll fluorescence allowed discrimination of populations of oak species and individuation of the less (or/and best) suitable species for future forest ecology and management purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Pollastrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Firenze, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144, Firenze, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Salvatori
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, R.C. Casaccia, Rome, Italy
| | - Lina Fusaro
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Fausto Manes
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Marzuoli
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Via Musei 41, 25121, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Gerosa
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Via Musei 41, 25121, Brescia, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Brüggemann
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main and Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Center Frankfurt am Main, Biologicum (Flügel D, 1. OG, Raum 1.420) Campu Riedberg, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Reto Jorg Strasser
- Bioenergetics and Microbiology Laboratory, University of Geneva, Jussy-Geneva CH-1254, Switzerland
- North West University South Africa, Potchefstroom, North-West Province, South Africa
| | - Filippo Bussotti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Firenze, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144, Firenze, Italy
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16
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Sun D, Xu H, Weng H, Zhou W, Liang Y, Dong X, He Y, Cen H. Optimal temporal-spatial fluorescence techniques for phenotyping nitrogen status in oilseed rape. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6429-6443. [PMID: 32777073 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) fertilizer maximizes the growth of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) by improving photosynthetic performance. Elucidating the dynamic relationship between fluorescence and plant N status could provide a non-destructive diagnosis of N status and the breeding of N-efficient cultivars. The aim of this study was to explore the impacts of different N treatments on photosynthesis at a spatial-temporal scale and to evaluate the performance of three fluorescence techniques for the diagnosis of N status. One-way ANOVA and linear discriminant analysis were applied to analyze fluorescence data acquired by a continuous excitation chlorophyll fluorimeter (OJIP transient analysis), pulse amplitude-modulated chlorophyll fluorescence (PAM-ChlF), and multicolor fluorescence (MCF) imaging. The results showed that the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) and performance index for photosynthesis (PIABS) of bottom leaves were sensitive to N status at the bolting stage, whereas the red fluorescence/far-red fluorescence ratio of top leaves was sensitive at the early seedling stage. Although the classification of N treatments by the three techniques achieved comparable accuracies, MCF imaging showed the best potential for early diagnosis of N status in field phenotyping because it had the highest sensitivity in the top leaves, at the early seedling stage. The findings of this study could facilitate research on N management and the breeding of N-efficient cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Sun
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, and State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haixia Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, and State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyong Weng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, and State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Liang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoya Dong
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yong He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, and State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Cen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, and State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
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17
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Borisova-Mubarakshina MM, Vetoshkina DV, Naydov IA, Rudenko NN, Zhurikova EM, Balashov NV, Ignatova LK, Fedorchuk TP, Ivanov BN. Regulation of the size of photosystem II light harvesting antenna represents a universal mechanism of higher plant acclimation to stress conditions. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:959-969. [PMID: 32564779 DOI: 10.1071/fp19362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigated acclimatory responses of Arabidopsis plants to drought and salinity conditions before the appearance of obvious signs of damage caused by these factors. We detected changes indicating an increase in the reduction level of the chloroplast plastoquinone pool (PQ pool) 5-7 days after introduction of the stress factors. After 10-14 days, a decrease in the size of PSII light harvesting antenna was observed in plants under conditions of drought and salinity. This was confirmed by a decrease in content of PSII antenna proteins and by downregulation of gene expression levels of these proteins under the stress conditions. No changes in values of performance index and maximum quantum yield of PSII were detected. Under drought and salinity, the content of hydrogen peroxide in leaves was higher than in control leaves. Thus, we propose that reduction of the size of PSII antenna represents one of the universal mechanisms of acclimation of higher plants to stress factors and the downsizing already begins to manifest under mild stress conditions. Both the PQ pool reduction state and the hydrogen peroxide content are important factors needed for the observed rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Borisova-Mubarakshina
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems RAS, Institutskaya st. 2, Pushchino, 142290, Moscow region, Russian Federation; and Corresponding author.
| | - Daria V Vetoshkina
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems RAS, Institutskaya st. 2, Pushchino, 142290, Moscow region, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya A Naydov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems RAS, Institutskaya st. 2, Pushchino, 142290, Moscow region, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia N Rudenko
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems RAS, Institutskaya st. 2, Pushchino, 142290, Moscow region, Russian Federation
| | - Elena M Zhurikova
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems RAS, Institutskaya st. 2, Pushchino, 142290, Moscow region, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolai V Balashov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems RAS, Institutskaya st. 2, Pushchino, 142290, Moscow region, Russian Federation; and Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Lyudmila K Ignatova
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems RAS, Institutskaya st. 2, Pushchino, 142290, Moscow region, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana P Fedorchuk
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems RAS, Institutskaya st. 2, Pushchino, 142290, Moscow region, Russian Federation
| | - Boris N Ivanov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems RAS, Institutskaya st. 2, Pushchino, 142290, Moscow region, Russian Federation
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18
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Krishna PS, Morello G, Mamedov F. Characterization of the transient fluorescence wave phenomenon that occurs during H2 production in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:6321-6336. [PMID: 31504725 PMCID: PMC6859737 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The redox state of the plastoquinone (PQ) pool in sulfur-deprived, H2-producing Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells was studied using single flash-induced variable fluorescence decay kinetics. During H2 production, the fluorescence decay kinetics exhibited an unusual post-illumination rise of variable fluorescence, giving a wave-like appearance. The wave showed the transient fluorescence minimum at ~60 ms after the flash, followed by a rise, reaching the transient fluorescence maximum at ~1 s after the flash, before decaying back to the initial fluorescence level. Similar wave-like fluorescence decay kinetics have been reported previously in anaerobically incubated cyanobacteria but not in green algae. From several different electron and proton transfer inhibitors used, polymyxin B, an inhibitor of type II NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDA2), had the effect of eliminating the fluorescence wave feature, indicating involvement of NDA2 in this phenomenon. This was further confirmed by the absence of the fluorescence wave in the Δnda2 mutant lacking NDA2. Additionally, Δnda2 mutants have also shown delayed and diminished H2 production (only 23% if compared with the wild type). Our results show that the fluorescence wave phenomenon in C. reinhardtii is observed under highly reducing conditions and is induced by the NDA2-mediated electron flow from the reduced stromal components to the PQ pool. Therefore, the fluorescence wave phenomenon is a sensitive probe for the complex network of redox reactions at the PQ pool level in the thylakoid membrane. It could be used in further characterization and improvement of the electron transfer pathways leading to H2 production in C. reinhardtii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilla Sankara Krishna
- Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry – Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Giorgio Morello
- Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry – Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fikret Mamedov
- Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry – Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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19
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Phung HD, Sugiura D, Sunohara H, Makihara D, Kondo M, Nishiuchi S, Doi K. QTL analysis for carbon assimilate translocation-related traits during maturity in rice ( Oryza sativa L.). BREEDING SCIENCE 2019; 69:289-296. [PMID: 31481838 PMCID: PMC6711737 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.18203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Problems with carbon assimilate translocation from source organs to sink (grains) during ripening cause yield losses in rice (Oryza sativa L.), especially in high-sink-capacity varieties. We conducted a genetic analysis of traits related to such translocation by using recombinant inbred lines. Shoot weight (SW) of T65, a japonica parent, was retained from heading to late maturity, whereas that of DV85, an aus parent, was greater than that of T65 at 5 days after heading (DAH) and then decreased until 20 DAH. This difference was observed clearly under standard-fertilizer but not low-fertilizer conditions. Non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) contents in the parents showed a tendency similar to that for SW. QTL analysis revealed pleiotropic QTLs on chromosomes 5 and 10, probably by associations with heading date QTLs. A QTL associated with harvest index and NSC at 5 DAH was detected on chromosome 1. By considering the temporal changes of the traits, we found a QTL for decrease in SW on chromosome 11; the DV85 allele of this QTL facilitated assimilate translocation and suppressed biomass growth. A suggestive QTL for NSC decrease was located on chromosome 2. These QTLs could represent potential targets for controlling carbon assimilate translocation in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Danh Phung
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University,
Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601,
Japan
| | - Daisuke Sugiura
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University,
Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601,
Japan
| | - Hidehiko Sunohara
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University,
Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601,
Japan
| | - Daigo Makihara
- International Center for Research and Education in Agriculture, Nagoya University,
Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601,
Japan
| | - Motohiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University,
Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601,
Japan
| | - Shunsaku Nishiuchi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University,
Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601,
Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Doi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University,
Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601,
Japan
- Corresponding author (e-mail: )
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Liao L, Dong T, Liu X, Dong Z, Qiu X, Rong Y, Sun G, Wang Z. Effect of nitrogen supply on nitrogen metabolism in the citrus cultivar 'Huangguogan'. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213874. [PMID: 30897177 PMCID: PMC6428318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen metabolism in citrus has received increased attention due to its effects on plant growth and productivity. However, little is known about the effects of nitrogen fertilization on nitrogen metabolism in young trees of citrus cultivar ‘Huangguogan’ (Citrus reticulata × Citrus sinensis). Here, genes encoding nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and asparagine synthetase (AS), represented as HgNR, HgNiR, HgGS, HgGDH, and HgAS, respectively, were cloned from Huangguogan. Deduced protein sequences were analyzed and proteins were confirmed to be localized in their respective cellular organelles. Moreover, pot-cultured ‘Huangguogan’ seedlings were fertilized with 0 (N1), 1.36 (N2), 1.81 (N3), 2.26 (N4), or 2.72 (N5) kg N/year, for 12 months. Enzyme activity and enzyme-gene expression were studied in roots, leaves, and fruits at different stages. Finally, the effects of N application rate on root activity, leaf N, soluble protein, yield, and fruit quality at the ripening stage were measured. The results showed that: 1) HgNR, HgNiR, HgGDH, and HgAS gene products were found mainly in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane, while HgGS gene product was found mainly in cytoplasm and mitochondria. 2) Gene expression and enzyme activity differed among plant organs. As the root is in permanent direct contact with the soil we suggest that root gene expression and enzyme activity can be used as reference to determine N application rate. 3) Yield, fruit quality, enzyme activity, and enzyme-related gene expression were considerably lower at low than at high-N supply. However, they were all inhibited by excess nitrogen (i.e., 2.72 kg/year). Therefore, we recommend 1.81 kg N/year as the optimal N application rate for young ‘Huangguogan’ trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liao
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tiantian Dong
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinya Liu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhixiang Dong
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Qiu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Rong
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guochao Sun
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail:
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21
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Quan X, Zeng J, Chen G, Zhang G. Transcriptomic analysis reveals adaptive strategies to chronic low nitrogen in Tibetan wild barley. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:68. [PMID: 30744569 PMCID: PMC6371475 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1668-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of crop cultivars with high low nitrogen (LN) tolerance or nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is imperative for sustainable agriculture development. Tibetan wild barley is rich in genetic diversity and may provide elite genes for LN tolerance improvement. Little has been known about transcriptional responses of the wild barley to chronic LN stress. RESULTS In this study, transcriptomic profiling of two Tibetan wild barley genotypes, LN- tolerant XZ149 and LN-sensitive XZ56 has been conducted using RNA-Seq to reveal the genotypic difference in response to chronic LN stress. A total of 520 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the two genotypes at 12 d after LN stress, and these DEGs could be mainly mapped to 49 metabolism pathways. Chronic LN stress lead to genotype-dependent responses, and the responsive pattern in favor of root growth and stress tolerance may be the possible mechanisms of the higher chronic LN tolerance in XZ149. CONCLUSION There was a distinct difference in transcriptional profiling between the two wild barley genotypes in response to chronic LN stress. The identified new candidate genes related to LN tolerance may cast a light on the development of cultivars with LN tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Quan
- Agronomy Department, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianbin Zeng
- Agronomy Department, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang Chen
- Agronomy Department, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Agronomy Department, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
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Gao J, Wang F, Sun J, Tian Z, Hu H, Jiang S, Luo Q, Xu Y, Jiang D, Cao W, Dai T. Enhanced Rubisco activation associated with maintenance of electron transport alleviates inhibition of photosynthesis under low nitrogen conditions in winter wheat seedlings. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:5477-5488. [PMID: 30239847 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Studying the response of photosynthesis to low nitrogen (N) and the underlying physiological mechanism can provide a theoretical basis for breeding N-efficient cultivars and optimizing N management. We conducted hydroponic experiments using two wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars, Zaoyangmai (low N sensitive) and Yangmai158 (low N tolerant), with either 0.25 mM N as a low N (LN) treatment or 5 mM N as a control. Under LN, a decrease in net photosynthetic rate (Pn) was attributed to reduction in the maximum Rubisco carboxylation rate, which then accelerated a reduction in the maximum ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate regeneration rate, and the reduction in Pn was 5-35% less in Yangmai158 than in Zaoyangmai. Yangmai158 maintained a 10-25% higher Rubisco concentration, especially in the upper leaves, and up-regulated Rubisco activase activity compared with Zaoyangmai to increase the Rubisco activation to sustain Rubisco carboxylation under LN conditions. In addition, Yangmai158 increased electron flux to the photorespiratory carbon oxidation cycle and alternative electron flux to maintain a faster electron transport rate and avoid photodamage. In conclusion, the LN-tolerant cultivar showed enhanced Rubisco activation and sustained electron transport to maintain a greater photosynthetic capacity under LN conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Center of Excellence for Soil Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jianyun Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhongwei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Hang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Suyu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Qiuci Luo
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Yun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Weixing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Tingbo Dai
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
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23
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Antal TK, Maslakov A, Yakovleva OV, Krendeleva TE, Riznichenko GY, Rubin AB. Simulation of chlorophyll fluorescence rise and decay kinetics, and P 700-related absorbance changes by using a rule-based kinetic Monte-Carlo method. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 138:191-206. [PMID: 30062532 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0564-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A model of primary photosynthetic reactions in the thylakoid membrane was developed and its validity was tested by simulating three types of experimental kinetic curves: (1) the light-induced chlorophyll a fluorescence rise (OJIP transients) reflecting the stepwise transition of the photosynthetic electron transport chain from the oxidized to the fully reduced state; (2) the dark relaxation of the flash-induced fluorescence yield attributed to the QA- oxidation kinetics in PSII; and (3) the light-induced absorbance changes near 820 or 705 nm assigned to the redox transitions of P700 in PSI. A model was implemented by using a rule-based kinetic Monte-Carlo method and verified by simulating experimental curves under different treatments including photosynthetic inhibitors, heat stress, anaerobic conditions, and very high light intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Antal
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991.
| | - A Maslakov
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
| | - O V Yakovleva
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
| | - T E Krendeleva
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
| | - G Yu Riznichenko
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
| | - A B Rubin
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
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24
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Papazi A, Korelidou A, Andronis E, Parasyri A, Stamatis N, Kotzabasis K. Bioenergetic reprogramming plasticity under nitrogen depletion by the unicellular green alga Scenedesmus obliquus. PLANTA 2018; 247:679-692. [PMID: 29170910 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2816-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous nitrogen depletion and 3,4-dichlorophenol addition induce a bioenergetic microalgal reprogramming, through strong Cyt b 6 f synthesis, that quench excess electrons from dichlorophenol's biodegradation to an overactivated photosynthetic electron flow and H 2 -productivity. Cellular energy management includes "rational" planning and operation of energy production and energy consumption units. Microalgae seem to have the ability to calculate their energy reserves and select the most profitable bioenergetic pathways. Under oxygenic mixotrophic conditions, microalgae invest the exogenously supplied carbon source (glucose) to biomass increase. If 3,4-dichlorophenol is added in the culture medium, then glucose is invested more to biodegradation rather than to growth. The biodegradation yield is enhanced in nitrogen-depleted conditions, because of an increase in the starch accumulation and a delay in the establishment of oxygen-depleted conditions in a closed system. In nitrogen-depleted conditions, starch cannot be invested in PSII-dependent and PSII-independent pathways for H2-production, mainly because of a strong decrease of the cytochrome b 6 f complex of the photosynthetic electron flow. For this reason, it seems more profitable for the microalga under these conditions to direct the metabolism to the synthesis of lipids as cellular energy reserves. Nitrogen-depleted conditions with exogenously supplied 3,4-dichlorophenol induce reprogramming of the microalgal bioenergetic strategy. Cytochrome b 6 f is strongly synthesized (mainly through catabolism of polyamines) to manage the electron bypass from the dichlorophenol biodegradation procedure to the photosynthetic electron flow (at the level of PQ pool) and consequently through cytochrome b 6 f and PSI to hydrogenase and H2-production. All the above showed that the selection of the appropriate cultivation conditions is the key for the manipulation of microalgal bioenergetic strategy that leads to different metabolic products and paves the way for a future microalgal "smart" biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Papazi
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Anna Korelidou
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Efthimios Andronis
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Athina Parasyri
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Stamatis
- Hellenic Agricultural Research Foundation "Demeter", Fisheries Research Institute, 64007, Nea Peramos, Kavala, Greece
| | - Kiriakos Kotzabasis
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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25
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Markou G, Dao LH, Muylaert K, Beardall J. Influence of different degrees of N limitation on photosystem II performance and heterogeneity of Chlorella vulgaris. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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26
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Transcriptomic response of durum wheat to nitrogen starvation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1176. [PMID: 28446759 PMCID: PMC5430780 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01377-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is a key macronutrient representing a limiting factor for plant growth and development and affects productivity in wheat. In this study, durum wheat response to N chronic starvation during grain filling was investigated through a transcriptomic approach in roots, leaves/stems, flag leaf and spikes of cv. Svevo. Nitrogen stress negatively influenced plant height, tillering, flag leaf area, spike and seed traits, and total N content. RNA-seq data revealed 4,626 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Most transcriptomic changes were observed in roots, with 3,270 DEGs, while 963 were found in leaves/stems, 470 in flag leaf, and 355 in spike tissues. A total of 799 gene ontology (GO) terms were identified, 180 and 619 among the upregulated and downregulated genes, respectively. Among the most addressed GO categories, N compound metabolism, carbon metabolism, and photosynthesis were mostly represented. Interesting DEGs, such as N transporters, genes involved in N assimilation, along with transcription factors, protein kinases and other genes related to stress were highlighted. These results provide valuable information about the transcriptomic response to chronic N stress in durum wheat, which could be useful for future improvement of N use efficiency.
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27
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Antal T, Kurkela J, Parikainen M, Kårlund A, Hakkila K, Tyystjärvi E, Tyystjärvi T. Roles of Group 2 Sigma Factors in Acclimation of the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to Nitrogen Deficiency. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:1309-1318. [PMID: 27095737 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Acclimation of cyanobacteria to environmental conditions is mainly controlled at the transcriptional level, and σ factors of the RNA polymerase have a central role in this process. The model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 has four non-essential group 2 σ factors (SigB, SigC, SigD and SigE) that regulate global metabolic responses to various adverse environmental conditions. Here we show that although none of the group 2 σ factors is essential for the major metabolic realignments induced by a short period of nitrogen starvation, the quadruple mutant without any group 2 σ factors and triple mutants missing both SigB and SigD grow slowly in BG-11 medium containing only 5% of the nitrate present in standard BG-11. These ΔsigBCDE, ΔsigBCD and ΔsigBDE strains lost PSII activity rapidly in low nitrogen and accumulated less glycogen than the control strain. An abnormally high glycogen content was detected in ΔsigBCE (SigD is active), while the carotenoid content became high in ΔsigCDE (SigB is active), indicating that SigB and SigD regulate the partitioning of carbon skeletons in low nitrogen. Long-term survival and recovery of the cells after nitrogen deficiency was strongly dependent on group 2 σ factors. The quadruple mutant and the ΔsigBDE strain (only SigC is active) recovered more slowly from nitrogen deficiency than the control strain, and ΔsigBCDE in particular lost viability during nitrogen starvation. Nitrogen deficiency-induced changes in the pigment content of the control strain recovered essentially in 1 d in nitrogen-replete medium, but little recovery occurred in ΔsigBCDE and ΔsigBDE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taras Antal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Vorobyevi Gory 119992, Moscow, Russia
| | - Juha Kurkela
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | | | - Anna Kårlund
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Kaisa Hakkila
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Esa Tyystjärvi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Taina Tyystjärvi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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28
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Mu X, Chen Q, Chen F, Yuan L, Mi G. Within-Leaf Nitrogen Allocation in Adaptation to Low Nitrogen Supply in Maize during Grain-Filling Stage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:699. [PMID: 27252716 PMCID: PMC4877366 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) plays a vital role in photosynthesis and crop productivity. Maize plants may be able to increase physiological N utilization efficiency (NUtE) under low-N stress by increasing photosynthetic rate (P n) per unit leaf N, that is, photosynthetic N-use efficiency (PNUE). In this study, we analyzed the relationship between PNUE and N allocation in maize ear-leaves during the grain-filling stage under low N (no N application) and high N (180 kg N ha(-1)) in a 2-year field experiment. Under low N, grain yield decreased while NUtE increased. Low-N treatment reduced the specific N content of ear leaves by 38% without significant influencing P n, thereby increasing PNUE by 54%. Under low-N stress, maize plants tended to invest relatively more N into bioenergetics to sustain electron transport. In contrast, N allocated to chlorophyll and light-harvesting proteins was reduced to control excess electron production. Soluble proteins were reduced to shrink the N storage reservoir. We conclude that optimization of N allocation within leaves is a key adaptive mechanism to maximize P n and crop productivity when N is limited during the grain-filling stage in maize under low-N conditions.
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29
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Antal TK, Krendeleva TE, Tyystjärvi E. Multiple regulatory mechanisms in the chloroplast of green algae: relation to hydrogen production. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2015; 125:357-81. [PMID: 25986411 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A complex regulatory network in the chloroplast of green algae provides an efficient tool for maintenance of energy and redox balance in the cell under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. In this review, we discuss the structural and functional organizations of electron transport pathways in the chloroplast, and regulation of photosynthesis in the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The focus is on the regulatory mechanisms induced in response to nutrient deficiency stress and anoxia and especially on the role of a hydrogenase-mediated reaction in adaptation to highly reducing conditions and ATP deficiency in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taras K Antal
- Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Vorobyevi Gory, Moscow, 119992, Russia,
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30
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Dubini A, Ghirardi ML. Engineering photosynthetic organisms for the production of biohydrogen. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2015; 123:241-53. [PMID: 24671643 PMCID: PMC4331604 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-014-9991-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthetic organisms such as green algae are capable of absorbing sunlight and converting the chemical energy into hydrogen gas. This process takes advantage of the photosynthetic apparatus of these organisms which links water oxidation to H2 production. Biological H2 has therefore the potential to be an alternative fuel of the future and shows great promise for generating large scale sustainable energy. Microalgae are able to produce H2 under light anoxic or dark anoxic condition by activating 3 different pathways that utilize the hydrogenases as catalysts. In this review, we highlight the principal barriers that prevent hydrogen production in green algae and how those limitations are being addressed, through metabolic and genetic engineering. We also discuss the major challenges and bottlenecks facing the development of future commercial algal photobiological systems for H2 production. Finally we provide suggestions for future strategies and potential new techniques to be developed towards an integrated system with optimized hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Dubini
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Mail Box 3313, Golden, CO, 80401, USA,
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31
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Zhang S, Jiang H, Zhao H, Korpelainen H, Li C. Sexually different physiological responses of Populus cathayana to nitrogen and phosphorus deficiencies. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 34:343-54. [PMID: 24739232 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpu025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that there are significant sexual differences in the morphological and physiological responses of Populus cathayana Rehder under stressful conditions. However, little is known about sex-specific differences in responses to nutrient deficiencies. In this study, the effects of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deficiencies on the morphological, physiological and chloroplast ultrastructural traits of P. cathayana males and females were investigated. The results showed that N and P deficiencies significantly decreased plant growth, foliar N and P contents, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, and instantaneous photosynthetic N- and P-use efficiencies (PNUE and PPUE) in both sexes. Males had higher photosynthesis, higher PNUE and PPUE rates, and a lower accumulation of plastoglobules in chloroplasts than did females when exposed to N- and P-deficiency conditions. Nitrogen-deficient males had higher glutamate dehydrogenase and peroxidase activities, and a more intact chloroplast ultrastructure, but less starch accumulation than did N-deficient females. Phosphorus-deficient males had higher nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase and acid phosphatase activities, but a lower foliar N : P ratio and less PSII damage than did P-deficient females. These results suggest that N and P deficiencies cause greater negative effects on females than on males, and that the different sexes of P. cathayana may employ different strategies to cope with N and P deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
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32
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Fischer JJ, Beatty PH, Good AG, Muench DG. Manipulation of microRNA expression to improve nitrogen use efficiency. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 210:70-81. [PMID: 23849115 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is the key limiting nutrient required for plant growth. The application of nitrogen-based fertilizers to crops has risen dramatically in recent years, resulting in significant yield increases. However, increased production has come at the cost of substantial negative environmental consequences. Higher crop production costs, increased consumption of food and fertilizer, and a growing global population have led to calls for a "second green revolution" using modern genetic manipulation techniques to improve the production, yield, and quality of crops. Considerable research is being directed toward the study and engineering of nitrogen use efficiency in crop plants. The end goal is to reduce the amount of nitrogen-based fertilizer used and thereby reduce production costs and environmental damage while increasing yields. In this review, we present an overview of recent advances in understanding the regulation of nitrogen metabolism by the action of microRNAs with a view toward engineering crops with increased nitrogen use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Fischer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
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33
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Lemoine R, Camera SL, Atanassova R, Dédaldéchamp F, Allario T, Pourtau N, Bonnemain JL, Laloi M, Coutos-Thévenot P, Maurousset L, Faucher M, Girousse C, Lemonnier P, Parrilla J, Durand M. Source-to-sink transport of sugar and regulation by environmental factors. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:272. [PMID: 23898339 PMCID: PMC3721551 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 530] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Source-to-sink transport of sugar is one of the major determinants of plant growth and relies on the efficient and controlled distribution of sucrose (and some other sugars such as raffinose and polyols) across plant organs through the phloem. However, sugar transport through the phloem can be affected by many environmental factors that alter source/sink relationships. In this paper, we summarize current knowledge about the phloem transport mechanisms and review the effects of several abiotic (water and salt stress, mineral deficiency, CO2, light, temperature, air, and soil pollutants) and biotic (mutualistic and pathogenic microbes, viruses, aphids, and parasitic plants) factors. Concerning abiotic constraints, alteration of the distribution of sugar among sinks is often reported, with some sinks as roots favored in case of mineral deficiency. Many of these constraints impair the transport function of the phloem but the exact mechanisms are far from being completely known. Phloem integrity can be disrupted (e.g., by callose deposition) and under certain conditions, phloem transport is affected, earlier than photosynthesis. Photosynthesis inhibition could result from the increase in sugar concentration due to phloem transport decrease. Biotic interactions (aphids, fungi, viruses…) also affect crop plant productivity. Recent breakthroughs have identified some of the sugar transporters involved in these interactions on the host and pathogen sides. The different data are discussed in relation to the phloem transport pathways. When possible, the link with current knowledge on the pathways at the molecular level will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi Lemoine
- Unités Mixtes de Recherche, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université of Poitiers/Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiquePoitiers, France
| | - Sylvain La Camera
- Unités Mixtes de Recherche, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université of Poitiers/Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiquePoitiers, France
| | - Rossitza Atanassova
- Unités Mixtes de Recherche, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université of Poitiers/Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiquePoitiers, France
| | - Fabienne Dédaldéchamp
- Unités Mixtes de Recherche, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université of Poitiers/Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiquePoitiers, France
| | - Thierry Allario
- Unités Mixtes de Recherche, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université of Poitiers/Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiquePoitiers, France
| | - Nathalie Pourtau
- Unités Mixtes de Recherche, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université of Poitiers/Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiquePoitiers, France
| | - Jean-Louis Bonnemain
- Unités Mixtes de Recherche, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université of Poitiers/Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiquePoitiers, France
| | - Maryse Laloi
- Unités Mixtes de Recherche, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université of Poitiers/Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiquePoitiers, France
| | - Pierre Coutos-Thévenot
- Unités Mixtes de Recherche, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université of Poitiers/Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiquePoitiers, France
| | - Laurence Maurousset
- Unités Mixtes de Recherche, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université of Poitiers/Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiquePoitiers, France
| | - Mireille Faucher
- Unités Mixtes de Recherche, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université of Poitiers/Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiquePoitiers, France
| | - Christine Girousse
- Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, Unités Mixtes de RechercheClermont Ferrand, France
| | - Pauline Lemonnier
- Unités Mixtes de Recherche, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université of Poitiers/Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiquePoitiers, France
| | - Jonathan Parrilla
- Unités Mixtes de Recherche, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université of Poitiers/Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiquePoitiers, France
| | - Mickael Durand
- Unités Mixtes de Recherche, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université of Poitiers/Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiquePoitiers, France
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Solovchenko A, Solovchenko O, Khozin-Goldberg I, Didi-Cohen S, Pal D, Cohen Z, Boussiba S. Probing the effects of high-light stress on pigment and lipid metabolism in nitrogen-starving microalgae by measuring chlorophyll fluorescence transients: Studies with a Δ5 desaturase mutant of Parietochloris incisa (Chlorophyta, Trebouxiophyceae). ALGAL RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Antal TK, Kukarskikh GP, Bulychev AA, Tyystjärvi E, Krendeleva T. Antimycin A effect on the electron transport in chloroplasts of two Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strains. PLANTA 2013; 237:1241-1250. [PMID: 23354456 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-013-1843-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The effects of antimycin A on the redox state of plastoquinone and on electron donation to photosystem I (PS I) were studied in sulfur-deprived Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells of the strains cc406 and 137c. We found that this reagent suppresses cyclic electron flow around PS I in the cc406 strain, whereas this inhibitory effect was completely absent in the 137c strain. In the latter strain, antimycin A induced rapid reduction of plastoquinone in the dark and considerably enhanced the rate of electron donation to P700 (+) in the dark. Importantly, neither myxothiazol, an inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration, FCCP, a protonophore, nor propyl gallate, an inhibitor of the plastid terminal oxidase, induced such a strong effect like antimycin A. The results indicate that in the chloroplast of the 137c strain, antimycin A has a site of action outside of the machinery of cyclic electron flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taras K Antal
- Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Vorobyevi Gory, 119992, Moscow, Russia.
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Li Y, Ren B, Ding L, Shen Q, Peng S, Guo S. Does chloroplast size influence photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency? PLoS One 2013; 8:e62036. [PMID: 23620801 PMCID: PMC3631174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High nitrogen (N) supply frequently results in a decreased photosynthetic N-use efficiency (PNUE), which indicates a less efficient use of accumulated Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). Chloroplasts are the location of Rubisco and the endpoint of CO2 diffusion, and they play a vital important role in photosynthesis. However, the effects of chloroplast development on photosynthesis are poorly explored. In the present study, rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L., cv. 'Shanyou 63', and 'Yangdao 6') were grown hydroponically with three different N levels, morphological characteristics, photosynthetic variables and chloroplast size were measured. In Shanyou 63, a negative relationship between chloroplast size and PNUE was observed across three different N levels. Here, plants with larger chloroplasts had a decreased ratio of mesophyll conductance (gm) to Rubisco content (gm/Rubisco) and a lower Rubisco specific activity. In Yangdao 6, there was no change in chloroplast size and no decline in PNUE or gm/Rubisco ratio under high N supply. It is suggested that large chloroplasts under high N supply is correlated with the decreased Rubisco specific activity and PNUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Binbin Ren
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Ding
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qirong Shen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shiwei Guo
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Rubio-Wilhelmi MDM, Sanchez-Rodriguez E, Rosales MA, Blasco B, Rios JJ, Romero L, Blumwald E, Ruiz JM. Ammonium formation and assimilation in P(SARK)∷IPT tobacco transgenic plants under low N. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 169:157-62. [PMID: 22176973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Wild Type (WT) and transgenic tobacco plants expressing isopentenyltransferase (IPT), a gene encoding the enzyme regulating the rate-limiting step in cytokinins (CKs) synthesis, were grown under limited nitrogen (N) conditions. We analyzed nitrogen forms, nitrogen metabolism related-enzymes, amino acids and photorespiration related-enzymes in WT and P(SARK)∷IPT tobacco plants. Our results indicate that the WT plants subjected to N deficiency displayed reduced nitrate (NO₃⁻) assimilation. However, an increase in the production of ammonium (NH₄⁺), by the degradation of proteins and photorespiration led to an increase in the glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase (GS/GOGAT) cycle in WT plants. In these plants, the amounts of amino acids decreased with N deficiency, although the relative amounts of glutamate and glutamine increased with N deficiency. Although the transgenic plants expressing P(SARK)∷IPT and growing under suboptimal N conditions displayed a significant decline in the N forms in the leaf, they maintained the GS/GOGAT cycle at control levels. Our results suggest that, under N deficiency, CKs prevented the generation and assimilation of NH₄⁺ by increasing such processes as photorespiration, protein degradation, the GS/GOGAT cycle, and the formation of glutamine.
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Nikiforou C, Manetas Y. Inherent nitrogen deficiency in Pistacia lentiscus preferentially affects photosystem I: a seasonal field study. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2011; 38:848-855. [PMID: 32480942 DOI: 10.1071/fp11040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although it is widely documented that CO2 assimilation rates are positively correlated with leaf nitrogen, corresponding studies on a link between this nutrient and photosynthetic light reactions are scarce, especially under natural field conditions. In this investigation, we exploited natural variation in the nitrogen content of mature leaves of Pistacia lentiscus L. (mastic tree) in conjunction with fast chlorophyll a fluorescence rise (the OJIP curves) analysed according to the 'JIP test', as this was recently modified to allow for the assessment of events in or around PSI. The results depended on the sampling season, with low nitrogen leaves displaying lower efficiencies for electron flow from intermediate carriers to final PSI acceptors, and lower relative pool sizes of these acceptors, both during the autumn and winter. However, parameters related to the PSII) activity (i.e. quantum yields for photon trapping and electron flow along PSII and the efficiency of a trapped exciton to move an electron from the first plastoquoinone electron acceptor of PSII to intermediate carriers) were limited by low nitrogen only during the winter period. As a result, parameters like the quantum yield of total electron flow along both photosystems as well as the total photosynthetic performance index (PItotal) were positively correlated with leaf nitrogen independently of the season. We conclude that nitrogen deficiency under field conditions preferentially affects PSI activity while the effects on PSII are evident only during the stressful period of the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos Nikiforou
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras GR-26500, Greece
| | - Yiannis Manetas
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras GR-26500, Greece
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Antal TK, Krendeleva TE, Rubin AB. Acclimation of green algae to sulfur deficiency: underlying mechanisms and application for hydrogen production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 89:3-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2879-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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