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Adamec L, Plačková L, Bitomský M, Doležal K. Hormonal profiles in dormant turions of 22 aquatic plant species: do they reflect functional or taxonomic traits? ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024; 134:219-232. [PMID: 38650442 PMCID: PMC11232510 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcae059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Turions are vegetative, dormant overwintering organs formed in aquatic plants in response to unfavourable ecological conditions. Contents of cytokinin (CK), auxin metabolites and abscisic acid (ABA) as main growth and development regulators were compared in innately dormant autumnal turions of 22 aquatic plant species of different functional ecological or taxonomic groups with those in non-dormant winter apices in three aquatic species and with those in spring turions of four species after their overwintering. METHODS The hormones were analysed in miniature turion samples using ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. KEY RESULTS In innately dormant turions, the total contents of each of the four main CK types, biologically active forms and total CKs differed by two to three orders of magnitude across 22 species; the proportion of active CK forms was 0.18-67 %. Similarly, the content of four auxin forms was extremely variable and the IAA proportion as the active form was 0.014-99 %. The ABA content varied from almost zero to 54 µmol kg-1 dry weight and after overwintering it usually significantly decreased. Of all functional traits studied, hormone profiles depended most on the place of turion sprouting (surface vs bottom) and we suggest that this trait is crucial for turion ecophysiology. CONCLUSIONS The key role of ABA in regulating turion dormancy was confirmed. However, the highly variable pattern of the ABA content in innately dormant and in overwintered turions indicates that the hormonal mechanism regulating the innate dormancy and its breaking in turions is not uniform within aquatic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubomír Adamec
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-379 01 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Plačková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Bitomský
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-379 01 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Doležal
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Karady M, Hladík P, Cermanová K, Jiroutová P, Antoniadi I, Casanova-Sáez R, Ljung K, Novák O. Profiling of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid and selected phytohormones in Arabidopsis using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. PLANT METHODS 2024; 20:41. [PMID: 38493175 PMCID: PMC10943774 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-024-01165-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gaseous phytohormone ethylene levels are directly influenced by the production of its immediate non-volatile precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). Owing to the strongly acidic character of the ACC molecule, its quantification has been difficult to perform. Here, we present a simple and straightforward validated method for accurate quantification of not only ACC levels, but also major members of other important phytohormonal classes - auxins, cytokinins, jasmonic acid, abscisic acid and salicylic acid from the same biological sample. RESULTS The presented technique facilitates the analysis of 15 compounds by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. It was optimized and validated for 10 mg of fresh weight plant material. The extraction procedure is composed of a minimal amount of necessary steps. Accuracy and precision were the basis for evaluating the method, together with process efficiency, recovery and matrix effects as validation parameters. The examined compounds comprise important groups of phytohormones, their active forms and some of their metabolites, including six cytokinins, four auxins, two jasmonates, abscisic acid, salicylic acid and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid. The resulting method was used to examine their contents in selected Arabidopsis thaliana mutant lines. CONCLUSION This profiling method enables a very straightforward approach for indirect ethylene study and explores how it interacts, based on content levels, with other phytohormonal groups in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Karady
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Palacký University, The Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science, Olomouc, CZ-783 71, Czechia.
| | - Pavel Hladík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Palacký University, The Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science, Olomouc, CZ-783 71, Czechia
| | - Kateřina Cermanová
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Palacký University, The Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science, Olomouc, CZ-783 71, Czechia
| | - Petra Jiroutová
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Palacký University, The Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science, Olomouc, CZ-783 71, Czechia
| | - Ioanna Antoniadi
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-901 83, Sweden
| | - Rubén Casanova-Sáez
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - Karin Ljung
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-901 83, Sweden
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Palacký University, The Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science, Olomouc, CZ-783 71, Czechia
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-901 83, Sweden
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Petřík I, Pěnčík A, Stýskala J, Tranová L, Amakorová P, Strnad M, Novák O. Rapid profiling of cytokinins using supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1285:342010. [PMID: 38057057 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The determination of plant hormones is still a very challenging analytical discipline, mainly due to their low concentration in complex plant matrices. Therefore, the involvement of very sensitive high-throughput techniques is required. Cytokinins (CKs) are semi-polar basic plant hormones regulating plant growth and development. Modern methods for CK determination are currently based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), which enables the separation of CK isomeric forms occurring endogenously in plants. Here, ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPSFC-MS/MS) was used for the simultaneous determination of 37 CK metabolites. RESULTS The chromatographic conditions were tested on three different columns with various retention mechanisms. Hybrid silica modified with 2-picolylamine was selected as the stationary phase. Several parameters such as column temperature, back pressure regulation, mobile phase composition and make-up solvent were investigated to achieve efficient separation of CK isomers and reasonable sensitivity. Compared to UHPLC-MS/MS, a 9-min chromatographic analysis using a mobile phase of supercritical CO2 and 5 mM ammonia in methanol represents a three-fold acceleration of total run time. The quantification limit of UHPSFC-MS/MS method was in the range of 0.03-0.19 fmol per injection and the method validation showed high accuracy and precision (below 15 % for most analytes). The method was finally applied to the complex plant matrix of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and the obtained profiles of CK metabolites were compared with the results from the conventional UHPLC-MS/MS method. SIGNIFICANCE The presented work offers a novel approach for quantification of endogenous CKs in plants. Compared to the conventional UHPLC-MS/MS, the total run time is shorter and the matrix effect lower for the key CK metabolites. This approach opens the opportunity to utilize UHPSFC-MS/MS instrumentation for targeted plant hormonomics including other plant hormone families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Petřík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Faculty of Science, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Faculty of Science, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Stýskala
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Palacký University, Faculty of Science, 17. listopadu 1192/12, CZ-77146, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Tranová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Palacký University, Faculty of Science, 17. listopadu 1192/12, CZ-77146, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Amakorová
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Faculty of Science, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Faculty of Science, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Faculty of Science, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Adamec L, Plačková L, Doležal K. Characteristics of turion development in two aquatic carnivorous plants: Hormonal profiles, gas exchange and mineral nutrient content. PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e558. [PMID: 38222932 PMCID: PMC10784648 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Turions are vegetative, dormant, and storage overwintering organs formed in perennial aquatic plants in response to unfavorable ecological conditions and originate by extreme condensation of apical shoot segments. The contents of cytokinins, auxins, and abscisic acid were estimated in shoot apices of summer growing, rootless aquatic carnivorous plants, Aldrovanda vesiculosa and Utricularia australis, and in developing turions at three stages and full maturity to reveal hormonal patterns responsible for turion development. The hormones were analyzed in miniature turion samples using ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Photosynthetic measurements in young leaves also confirmed relatively high photosynthetic rates at later turion stages. The content of active cytokinin forms was almost stable in A. vesiculosa during turion development but markedly decreased in U. australis. In both species, auxin content culminated in the middle of turion development and then decreased again. The content of abscisic acid as the main inhibitory hormone was very low in growing plants in both species but rose greatly at first developmental stages and stayed very high in mature turions. The hormonal data indicate a great strength of developing turions within sink-source relationships and confirm the central role of abscisic acid in regulating the turion development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubomír Adamec
- Institute of BotanyCzech Academy of SciencesTřeboňCzech Republic
| | - Lenka Plačková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of SciencePalacký UniversityOlomoucCRCzech Republic
- Institute of Experimental BotanyCzech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Karel Doležal
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of SciencePalacký UniversityOlomoucCRCzech Republic
- Institute of Experimental BotanyCzech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of SciencePalacký UniversityOlomoucCzech Republic
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Mik V, Pospíšil T, Brunoni F, Grúz J, Nožková V, Wasternack C, Miersch O, Strnad M, Floková K, Novák O, Široká J. Synthetic and analytical routes to the L-amino acid conjugates of cis-OPDA and their identification and quantification in plants. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 215:113855. [PMID: 37690699 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Cis-(+)-12-oxophytodienoic acid (cis-(+)-OPDA) is a bioactive jasmonate, a precursor of jasmonic acid, which also displays signaling activity on its own. Modulation of cis-(+)-OPDA actions may be carried out via biotransformation leading to metabolites of various functions. This work introduces a methodology for the synthesis of racemic cis-OPDA conjugates with amino acids (OPDA-aa) and their deuterium-labeled analogs, which enables the unambiguous identification and accurate quantification of these compounds in plants. We have developed a highly sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based method for the reliable determination of seven OPDA-aa (OPDA-Alanine, OPDA-Aspartate, OPDA-Glutamate, OPDA-Glycine, OPDA-Isoleucine, OPDA-Phenylalanine, and OPDA-Valine) from minute amount of plant material. The extraction from 10 mg of fresh plant tissue by 10% aqueous methanol followed by single-step sample clean-up on hydrophilic-lipophilic balanced columns prior to final analysis was optimized. The method was validated in terms of accuracy and precision, and the method parameters such as process efficiency, recovery and matrix effects were evaluated. In mechanically wounded 30-day-old Arabidopsis thaliana leaves, five endogenous (+)-OPDA-aa were identified and their endogenous levels were estimated. The time-course accumulation revealed a peak 60 min after the wounding, roughly corresponding to the accumulation of cis-(+)-OPDA. Our synthetic and analytical methodologies will support studies on cis-(+)-OPDA conjugation with amino acids and research into the biological significance of these metabolites in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Mik
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomáš Pospíšil
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic.
| | - Federica Brunoni
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University in Olomouc & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Grúz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimíra Nožková
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic.
| | - Claus Wasternack
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University in Olomouc & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic.
| | - Otto Miersch
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University in Olomouc & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University in Olomouc & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic.
| | - Kristýna Floková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University in Olomouc & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University in Olomouc & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic.
| | - Jitka Široká
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University in Olomouc & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic.
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Vrobel O, Tarkowski P. Can plant hormonomics be built on simple analysis? A review. PLANT METHODS 2023; 19:107. [PMID: 37833752 PMCID: PMC10576392 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01090-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The field of plant hormonomics focuses on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the hormone complement in plant samples, akin to other omics sciences. Plant hormones, alongside primary and secondary metabolites, govern vital processes throughout a plant's lifecycle. While active hormones have received significant attention, studying all related compounds provides valuable insights into internal processes. Conventional single-class plant hormone analysis employs thorough sample purification, short analysis and triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. Conversely, comprehensive hormonomics analysis necessitates minimal purification, robust and efficient separation and better-performing mass spectrometry instruments. This review summarizes the current status of plant hormone analysis methods, focusing on sample preparation, advances in chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric detection, including a discussion on internal standard selection and the potential of derivatization. Moreover, current approaches for assessing the spatiotemporal distribution are evaluated. The review touches on the legitimacy of the term plant hormonomics by exploring the current status of methods and outlining possible future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Vrobel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Tarkowski
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Korek M, Marzec M. Strigolactones and abscisic acid interactions affect plant development and response to abiotic stresses. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:314. [PMID: 37308831 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SL) are the youngest group of plant hormones responsible for shaping plant architecture, especially the branching of shoots. However, recent studies provided new insights into the functioning of SL, confirming their participation in regulating the plant response to various types of abiotic stresses, including water deficit, soil salinity and osmotic stress. On the other hand, abscisic acid (ABA), commonly referred as a stress hormone, is the molecule that crucially controls the plant response to adverse environmental conditions. Since the SL and ABA share a common precursor in their biosynthetic pathways, the interaction between both phytohormones has been largely studied in the literature. Under optimal growth conditions, the balance between ABA and SL content is maintained to ensure proper plant development. At the same time, the water deficit tends to inhibit SL accumulation in the roots, which serves as a sensing mechanism for drought, and empowers the ABA production, which is necessary for plant defense responses. The SL-ABA cross-talk at the signaling level, especially regarding the closing of the stomata under drought conditions, still remains poorly understood. Enhanced SL content in shoots is likely to stimulate the plant sensitivity to ABA, thus reducing the stomatal conductance and improving the plant survival rate. Besides, it was proposed that SL might promote the closing of stomata in an ABA-independent way. Here, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the SL and ABA interactions by providing new insights into the function, perception and regulation of both phytohormones during abiotic stress response of plants, as well as revealing the gaps in the current knowledge of SL-ABA cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Korek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, Katowice, 40-032, Poland.
| | - Marek Marzec
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, Katowice, 40-032, Poland
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Chen Y, Wang Y, Liang X, Zhang Y, Fernie AR. Mass spectrometric exploration of phytohormone profiles and signaling networks. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:399-414. [PMID: 36585336 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones have crucial roles in plant growth, development, and acclimation to environmental stress; however, measuring phytohormone levels and unraveling their complex signaling networks and interactions remains challenging. Mass spectrometry (MS) has revolutionized the study of complex biological systems, enabling the comprehensive identification and quantification of phytohormones and their related targets. Here, we review recent advances in MS technologies and highlight studies that have used MS to discover and analyze phytohormone-mediated molecular events. In particular, we focus on the application of MS for profiling phytohormones, elucidating phosphorylation signaling, and mapping protein interactions in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinlin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Adamec L, Plačková L, Doležal K. Cytokinins and auxins in organs of aquatic carnivorous plants: what do they reflect? ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 130:869-882. [PMID: 36215097 PMCID: PMC9758306 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Aquatic carnivorous plants have typical rootless linear shoots bearing traps and exhibit steep physiological polarity with rapid apical growth. The aim was to analyse auxin and cytokinin metabolites in traps, leaves/shoots and shoot apices in several species of genera Aldrovanda and Utricularia to elucidate how the hormonal profiles reflect the specific organ functions and polarity. METHODS The main auxin and cytokinin metabolites were analysed in miniature samples (>2 mg dry weight) of different organs of Aldrovanda vesiculosa and six Utricularia species using ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. KEY RESULTS Total contents of biologically active forms (free bases, ribosides) of all four main endogenously occurring cytokinin types were consistently higher in traps than in leaves in four Utricularia species with monomorphic shoots and/or higher than in shoots in two Utricularia species with dimorphic shoots. In Aldrovanda traps, the total content of different cytokinin forms was similar to or lower than that in shoots. In U. australis leaves, feeding on prey increased all cytokinin forms, while no consistent differences occurred in Aldrovanda. In four aquatic Utricularia species with monomorphic shoots, the content of four auxin forms was usually higher in traps than in leaves. Zero IAA content was determined in U. australis leaves from a meso-eutrophic site or when prey-fed. CONCLUSIONS Different cytokinin and auxin profiles estimated in traps and leaves/shoots of aquatic carnivorous plants indicate an association with different dominant functions of these organs: nutrient uptake by traps versus photosynthetic function of traps. Interplay of cytokinins and auxins regulates apical dominance in these plants possessing strong polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubomír Adamec
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, CZ-379 01 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Plačková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Doležal
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Korayem A, Safwat El- H, Shater Abd M, Abd El-Mon A, Mohamed Mo M, El-Ashry S. Physiological and Biochemical Changes in the Wheat Plant (Triticum aestivum L.) Infected with Nematodes. ASIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES 2022; 21:613-628. [DOI: 10.3923/ajps.2022.613.628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Xiong C, Pei H, Zhang Y, Ren W, Ma Z, Tang Y, Huang J. Integrative analysis of transcriptome and miRNAome reveals molecular mechanisms regulating pericarp thickness in sweet corn during kernel development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:945379. [PMID: 35958194 PMCID: PMC9361504 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.945379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pericarp thickness affects the edible quality of sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata Sturt.). Therefore, breeding varieties with a thin pericarp is important for the quality breeding of sweet corn. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pericarp development remain largely unclear. We performed an integrative analysis of mRNA and miRNA sequencing to elucidate the genetic mechanism regulating pericarp thickness during kernel development (at 15 days, 19 days, and 23 days after pollination) of two sweet corn inbred lines with different pericarp thicknesses (M03, with a thinner pericarp and M08, with a thicker pericarp). A total of 2,443 and 1,409 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in M03 and M08, respectively. Our results indicate that phytohormone-mediated programmed cell death (PCD) may play a critical role in determining pericarp thickness in sweet corn. Auxin (AUX), gibberellin (GA), and brassinosteroid (BR) signal transduction may indirectly mediate PCD to regulate pericarp thickness in M03 (the thin pericarp variety). In contrast, abscisic acid (ABA), cytokinin (CK), and ethylene (ETH) signaling may be the key regulators of pericarp PCD in M08 (the thick pericarp variety). Furthermore, 110 differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMIs) and 478 differentially expressed target genes were identified. miRNA164-, miRNA167-, and miRNA156-mediated miRNA-mRNA pairs may participate in regulating pericarp thickness. The expression results of DEGs were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating pericarp thickness and propose the objective of breeding sweet corn varieties with a thin pericarp.
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Analysis of multiple-phytohormones during fruit development in strawberry by using miniaturized dispersive solid-phase extraction based on ionic liquid-functionalized carbon fibers. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Skalický V, Vojtková T, Pěnčík A, Vrána J, Juzoń K, Koláčková V, Sedlářová M, Kubeš MF, Novák O. Auxin Metabolite Profiling in Isolated and Intact Plant Nuclei. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12369. [PMID: 34830250 PMCID: PMC8620152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant nucleus plays an irreplaceable role in cellular control and regulation by auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) mainly because canonical auxin signaling takes place here. Auxin can enter the nucleus from either the endoplasmic reticulum or cytosol. Therefore, new information about the auxin metabolome (auxinome) in the nucleus can illuminate our understanding of subcellular auxin homeostasis. Different methods of nuclear isolation from various plant tissues have been described previously, but information about auxin metabolite levels in nuclei is still fragmented and insufficient. Herein, we tested several published nucleus isolation protocols based on differential centrifugation or flow cytometry. The optimized sorting protocol leading to promising yield, intactness, and purity was then combined with an ultra-sensitive mass spectrometry analysis. Using this approach, we can present the first complex report on the auxinome of isolated nuclei from cell cultures of Arabidopsis and tobacco. Moreover, our results show dynamic changes in auxin homeostasis at the intranuclear level after treatment of protoplasts with free IAA, or indole as a precursor of auxin biosynthesis. Finally, we can conclude that the methodological procedure combining flow cytometry and mass spectrometry offers new horizons for the study of auxin homeostasis at the subcellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Skalický
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (V.S.); (T.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Tereza Vojtková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (V.S.); (T.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (V.S.); (T.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Jan Vrána
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (J.V.); (V.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Juzoń
- Department of Biotechnology, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Veronika Koláčková
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (J.V.); (V.K.)
| | - Michaela Sedlářová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Martin F. Kubeš
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (V.S.); (T.V.); (A.P.)
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (V.S.); (T.V.); (A.P.)
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14
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Hu L, Gong B, Jiang N, Li Y, Wu Y. Electrochemical biosensor for cytokinins based on the CHASE domain of Arabidopsis histidine kinases 4. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 141:107872. [PMID: 34182415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, An AHK4 CHASE domain was used to construct an electrochemical cytokinin biosensor using ferrocene as the electrochemical mediator. Upon addition of cytokinin, the binding of cytokinin and AHK4 led to dimerization, which blocked electron transfer between ferrocene and the electrode, and the redox peak current of ferrocene was gradually reduced. Cytokinin was detected by recording the change of the ferrocene redox peak current. The biosensor shows a linear range of 50-400 nM with a linear regression equation of ip = 0.0086c + 0.732 (R2 = 0.993) with ip in μA and c in nM and a detection limit (LOD) of 1.5 nM (S/N = 3). The biosensor exhibits excellent performance that avoids interference of other types of plant hormones and was successfully applied to the detection of cytokinins in bean sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuzhe Hu
- College of Life Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Bin Gong
- College of Life Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Nan Jiang
- College of Life Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yong Li
- College of Life Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yunhua Wu
- College of Life Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
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15
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Hrdlička J, Gucký T, van Staden J, Novák O, Doležal K. A stable isotope dilution method for a highly accurate analysis of karrikins. PLANT METHODS 2021; 17:37. [PMID: 33794941 PMCID: PMC8017846 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-021-00738-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Karrikins (KARs) are recently described group of plant growth regulators with stimulatory effects on seed germination, seedling growth and crop productivity. So far, an analytical method for the simultaneous targeted profiling of KARs in plant tissues has not been reported. RESULTS We present a sensitive method for the determination of two highly biologically active karrikins (KAR1 and KAR2) in minute amounts of plant material (< 20 mg fresh weight). The developed protocol combines the optimized extraction and efficient single-step sample purification with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Newly synthesized deuterium labelled KAR1 was employed as an internal standard for the validation of KAR quantification using a stable isotope dilution method. The application of the matrix-matched calibration series in combination with the internal standard method yields a high level of accuracy and precision in triplicate, on average bias 3.3% and 2.9% RSD, respectively. The applicability of this analytical approach was confirmed by the successful analysis of karrikins in Arabidopsis seedlings grown on media supplemented with different concentrations of KAR1 and KAR2 (0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 µmol/l). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the usage of methodology for routine analyses and for monitoring KARs in complex biological matrices. The proposed method will lead to better understanding of the roles of KARs in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Hrdlička
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Gucký
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Johannes van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Karel Doležal
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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16
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Jon CS, Zou Y, Zhao J, Ri HC, Wang L, Kaw HY, Meng LY, Shang H, Li D. Simultaneous determination of multiple phytohormones in tomato by ionic liquid-functionalized carbon fibers-based solid-phase microextraction coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1137:143-155. [PMID: 33153598 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Phytohormones are interrelated by synergistic or antagonistic crosstalk and play important roles in the regulation of plant growth and development. In order to understand the interaction between phytohormones in the plant physiological network, it is necessary to determine trace levels of multiple phytohormones simultaneously in a complex matrix. Here, we synthesized ionic liquids containing different functional groups and modified the surface of carbon fibers with them. Based on these carbon fibers-ionic liquid (CFs-IL) materials, a solid phase microextraction method was developed to enable the simultaneous extraction of phytohormones. The adsorption specificity of multiple phytohormones was studied by identifying the hydrophobic, electrostatic, and π-π interactions, as well as hydrogen bonds, which favor simultaneous extraction of the relevant acidic, alkaline and neutral phytohormones by improving compatibility. The proposed method, coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, was applied to the simultaneous determination of 13 acidic, alkaline and neutral phytohormones in tomato. The limits of quantification were found to be in the range of 0.32-54.05 ng mL-1 and 4.6-185.8 pg mL-1, respectively, when measured by QQQ and Q-TOF. All of the relative recoveries were in the range of 94.40-113.37% with RSDs ≤15.36% (n = 3) for spiked tomato samples. This method is expected to be widely applied to multiple phytohormones analysis for in-depth researches concerning the physiological networks of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chol-San Jon
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain (Yanbian University), Ministry of Education, Park Road 977, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Yilin Zou
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain (Yanbian University), Ministry of Education, Park Road 977, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain (Yanbian University), Ministry of Education, Park Road 977, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Hyok-Chol Ri
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain (Yanbian University), Ministry of Education, Park Road 977, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Liyuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain (Yanbian University), Ministry of Education, Park Road 977, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Han Yeong Kaw
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain (Yanbian University), Ministry of Education, Park Road 977, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Long-Yue Meng
- Department of Environmental Science, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Haibo Shang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain (Yanbian University), Ministry of Education, Park Road 977, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, PR China.
| | - Donghao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain (Yanbian University), Ministry of Education, Park Road 977, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, PR China.
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Okada K, Wada M, Takebayashi Y, Kojima M, Sakakibara H, Nakayasu M, Mizutani M, Nakajima M, Moriya S, Shimizu T, Abe K. Columnar growth phenotype in apple results from gibberellin deficiency by ectopic expression of a dioxygenase gene. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:1205-1216. [PMID: 32333787 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The apple cultivar McIntosh Wijcik, which is a mutant of 'McIntosh', exhibits a columnar growth phenotype (short internodes, few lateral branches, many spurs, etc.) that is controlled by a dominant Co gene. The candidate gene (MdDOX-Co), encoding a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, is located adjacent to an insertion mutation. Non-columnar apples express MdDOX-Co in the roots, whereas columnar apples express MdDOX-Co in the aerial parts as well as in the roots. However, the function of MdDOX-Co remains unknown. Here, we characterized tobacco plants overexpressing MdDOX-Co. The tobacco plants showed the typical dwarf phenotype, which was restored by application of gibberellin A3 (GA3). Moreover, the dwarf tobacco plants had low concentrations of endogenous bioactive gibberellin A1 (GA1) and gibberellin A4 (GA4). Similarly, 'McIntosh Wijcik' contained low endogenous GA4 concentration and its dwarf traits (short main shoot and internodes) were partially reversed by GA3 application. These results indicate that MdDOX-Co is associated with bioactive GA deficiency. Interestingly, GA3 application to apple trees also resulted in an increased number of lateral branches and a decrease in flower bud number, indicating that gibberellin (GA) plays important roles in regulating apple tree architecture by affecting both lateral branch formation (vegetative growth) and flower bud formation (reproductive growth). We propose that a deficiency of bioactive GA by ectopic expression of MdDOX-Co in the aerial parts of columnar apples not only induces dwarf phenotypes but also inhibits lateral branch development and promotes flower bud formation, and assembly of these multiple phenotypes constructs the columnar tree form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Okada
- Division of Apple Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 92-24 Nabeyashiki, Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate 020-0123, Japan
| | - Masato Wada
- Division of Apple Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 92-24 Nabeyashiki, Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate 020-0123, Japan
| | - Yumiko Takebayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mikiko Kojima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masaru Nakayasu
- Functional Phytochemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Functional Phytochemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nakajima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shigeki Moriya
- Division of Apple Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 92-24 Nabeyashiki, Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate 020-0123, Japan
| | - Taku Shimizu
- Division of Apple Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 92-24 Nabeyashiki, Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate 020-0123, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Abe
- Division of Apple Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 92-24 Nabeyashiki, Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate 020-0123, Japan
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18
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Salem MA, Yoshida T, Perez de Souza L, Alseekh S, Bajdzienko K, Fernie AR, Giavalisco P. An improved extraction method enables the comprehensive analysis of lipids, proteins, metabolites and phytohormones from a single sample of leaf tissue under water-deficit stress. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:1614-1632. [PMID: 32378781 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones play essential roles in the regulation of growth and development in plants. Plant hormone profiling is therefore essential to understand developmental processes and the adaptation of plants to biotic and/or abiotic stresses. Interestingly, commonly used hormone extraction and profiling methods do not adequately resolve other molecular entities, such as polar metabolites, lipids, starch and proteins, which would be required to comprehensively describe the continuing biological processes at a systematic level. In this article we introduce an updated version of a previously published liquid:liquid metabolite extraction protocol, which not only allows for the profiling of primary and secondary metabolites, lipids, starch and proteins, but also enables the quantitative analysis of the major plant hormone classes, including abscisic acid, auxins, cytokinins, jasmonates and salicylates, from a single sample aliquot. The optimization of the method, which uses the introduction of acidified water, enabling the complete purification of major plant hormones into the organic (methyl-tert-butyl-ether) phase, eliminated the need for solid-phase extraction for sample clean-up, and therefore reduces both sampling time and cost. As a proof-of-concept analysis, Arabidopsis thaliana plants were subjected to water-deficit stress, which were then profiled for hormonal, metabolic, lipidomic and proteomic changes. Surprisingly, we determined not only previously described molecular changes but also significant changes regarding the breakdown of specific galactolipids, followed by the substantial accumulation of unsaturated fatty-acid derivatives and diverse jasmonates in the course of adaptation to water-deficit stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Salem
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Gamal Abd El Nasr St, Shibin Elkom, Menoufia, 32511, Egypt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Takuya Yoshida
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Leonardo Perez de Souza
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Krzysztof Bajdzienko
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Patrick Giavalisco
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph Stelzmann Str. 9b, Cologne, 50931, Germany
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Halouzka R, Zeljković SĆ, Klejdus B, Tarkowski P. Analytical methods in strigolactone research. PLANT METHODS 2020; 16:76. [PMID: 32514284 PMCID: PMC7257151 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-020-00616-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are important plant hormones that are produced via the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway and occur at extremely low concentrations in various plant species. They regulate root development, play important roles in symbioses between higher plants and mycorrhizal fungi, and stimulate germination of plant-parasitic Orobanche and Striga species. Chemical analysis is central to research on the biochemistry of SLs and their roles in developmental biology and plant physiology. Here we summarize key issues relating to the identification and quantification of SLs isolated from plant tissues and exudates. The advantages and drawbacks of different protocols used for strigolactone analysis are discussed, and guidelines for selecting a procedure that will minimize losses during isolation and purification prior to final analysis are proposed. Hyphenated techniques suitable for SL analysis such as GC-MS and LC-MS/MS are also discussed, and newer ambient techniques such as HR-DART-MS and DESI-MS are highlighted as tools with considerable potential in SL research. A key advantage of these methods is that they require only simply sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rostislav Halouzka
- Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Phytochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Sanja Ćavar Zeljković
- Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Phytochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czechia
- Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Šlechtitelů 29, 78371 Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Bořivoj Klejdus
- Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czechia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czechia
| | - Petr Tarkowski
- Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Phytochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czechia
- Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Šlechtitelů 29, 78371 Olomouc, Czechia
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Wang L, Zou Y, Kaw HY, Wang G, Sun H, Cai L, Li C, Meng LY, Li D. Recent developments and emerging trends of mass spectrometric methods in plant hormone analysis: a review. PLANT METHODS 2020; 16:54. [PMID: 32322293 PMCID: PMC7161177 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-020-00595-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant hormones are naturally occurring small molecule compounds which are present at trace amounts in plant. They play a pivotal role in the regulation of plant growth. The biological activity of plant hormones depends on their concentrations in the plant, thus, accurate determination of plant hormone is paramount. However, the complex plant matrix, wide polarity range and low concentration of plant hormones are the main hindrances to effective analyses of plant hormone even when state-of-the-art analytical techniques are employed. These factors substantially influence the accuracy of analytical results. So far, significant progress has been realized in the analysis of plant hormones, particularly in sample pretreatment techniques and mass spectrometric methods. This review describes the classic extraction and modern microextraction techniques used to analyze plant hormone. Advancements in solid phase microextraction (SPME) methods have been driven by the ever-increasing requirement for dynamic and in vivo identification of the spatial distribution of plant hormones in real-life plant samples, which would contribute greatly to the burgeoning field of plant hormone investigation. In this review, we describe advances in various aspects of mass spectrometry methods. Many fragmentation patterns are analyzed to provide the theoretical basis for the establishment of a mass spectral database for the analysis of plant hormones. We hope to provide a technical guide for further discovery of new plant hormones. More than 140 research studies on plant hormone published in the past decade are reviewed, with a particular emphasis on the recent advances in mass spectrometry and sample pretreatment techniques in the analysis of plant hormone. The potential progress for further research in plant hormones analysis is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Resources of the Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, 133002 China
| | - Yilin Zou
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Resources of the Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, 133002 China
| | - Han Yeong Kaw
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Resources of the Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, 133002 China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Resources of the Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, 133002 China
| | - Huaze Sun
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Resources of the Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, 133002 China
| | - Long Cai
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Resources of the Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, 133002 China
| | - Chengyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Application of Rare Earth Resources, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 China
| | - Long-Yue Meng
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Resources of the Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, 133002 China
- Department of Environmental Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002 China
| | - Donghao Li
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Resources of the Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, 133002 China
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21
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Zhang T, Qiu J, Chen G, Xu J, Zhu F, Ouyang G. Uptake of pharmaceuticals acts as an abiotic stress and triggers variation of jasmonates in Malabar spinach (Basella alba. L). CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 236:124711. [PMID: 31549668 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, pharmaceuticals have received increasing attentions because of their potential risks to the environment, but researches focusing on their impacts on defense system of living plants are still lacking. As an important class of phytohormones, jasmonates play crucial roles in plant defense system against environmental stress. In order to investigate the effect of pharmaceuticals uptake on endogenous jasmonates, an in vivo solid phase microextraction (SPME) method was established to simultaneously detect and monitor both pharmaceuticals and jasmonates in living plants. The proposed method exhibited wide linear ranges, high sensitivity (limits of detection ranging 0.0043-0.035 ng g-1 for pharmaceuticals and 0.091-0.22 ng g-1 for jasmonates, respectively), and satisfactory reproducibility (relative standard deviation of intrafiber ranging 4.2%-8.6% and interfiber ranging 5.2%-8.2%, respectively). Subsequently, this method was successfully applied to track the concentrations of each pharmaceutical and corresponding jasmonates in living Malabar spinach plants (Basella alba. L) exposed to three common pharmaceuticals (i.e. gemfibrozil, mefenamic acid and tolfenamic acid) over 15 days. In result, all pharmaceuticals appeared to trigger intensive biosynthesis of jasmonic acid (JA) (3.1-9.4 times of control) while reduced the concentration of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) (18.3%-38.1% of control). We inferred that uptake of pharmaceuticals acted as an abiotic stress and stimulated the plant defense response because of the variation of jasmonates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study applying SPME to detect and track both pharmaceuticals and phytohormones in living plants, which not only provided a glimpse to the adverse effect of pharmaceuticals on plants as well as the regulation of endogenous jasmonates, but also set a promising template for future in vivo analysis of xenobiotics and plant endogenous substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlang Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China
| | - Junlang Qiu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China
| | - Guosheng Chen
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China
| | - Jianqiao Xu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China
| | - Fang Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China.
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China
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22
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Liu C, Li D, Li J, Guo Z, Chen Y. One-pot sample preparation approach for profiling spatial distribution of gibberellins in a single shoot of germinating cereal seeds. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:1014-1024. [PMID: 31021021 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sample preparation remains a bottleneck in the rapid and reliable quantification of gibberellins (GAs) for obtaining an insight into the physiological processes mediated by GAs. The challenges arise from not only the extremely low content of GAs in complex plant matrices, but the poor detectability of GAs by mass spectrometry (MS) in negative ion mode. In an effort to solve these urgent difficulties, we present a spatial-resolved analysis method to investigate the distribution of GAs in tiny plant tissues based on a simplified one-pot sample preparation approach coupled with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem MS. By integrating extraction and derivatization into one step, target GAs were effectively extracted from plant materials and simultaneously reacted with N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide, the sample preparation time was largely shortened, the probability of sample loss was minimized and the detection sensitivity of MS was also greatly improved compared with underivatized GAs. Under optimal conditions, the method was validated from the quantification linearity, limits of detection and limits of quantification in the presence of plant matrices, recoveries, and precision. With the proposed method, 15 endogenous GAs were detected and, among these, 11 GAs could be quantified in 0.50 mg fresh weight (FW) wheat shoot samples, and five GAs were quantified in only 0.15 mg FW developing seed samples of Arabidopsis thaliana. The distribution patterns of GAs along both the non-13-hydroxylation pathway and the early 13-hydroxylation pathway in a single shoot of germinating wheat, rice and maize seeds were finally profiled with a spatial resolution down to approximately 1 mm2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuimei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Jincheng Li
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China
| | - Zhenpeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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23
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Camara MC, Vandenberghe LPS, Rodrigues C, de Oliveira J, Faulds C, Bertrand E, Soccol CR. Current advances in gibberellic acid (GA 3) production, patented technologies and potential applications. PLANTA 2018; 248:1049-1062. [PMID: 30069731 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2959-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellic acid is a plant growth hormone that promotes cell expansion and division. Studies have aimed at optimizing and reducing production costs, which could make its application economically viable for different cultivars. Gibberellins consist of a large family of plant growth hormones discovered in the 1930s, which are synthesized via the terpenes route from the geranylgeranyl diphosphate and feature a basic structure formed by an ent-gibberellane tetracyclic skeleton. Among them, only four have biological activity, including gibberellic acid (GA3), which acts as a natural plant growth regulator, especially for stem elongation, seed germination, and increased fruit size. It can be obtained from plants, fungi, and bacteria. There are also some reports about microalgae GA3 producers. Fungi, especially Gibberella fujikuroi, are preferred for GA3 production via submerged fermentation or solid-state fermentation. Many factors may affect its production, some of which are related to the control and scale-up of fermentation parameters. Different GA3 products are available on the market. They can be found in liquid or solid formulations containing only GA3 or a mixture of other biological active gibberellins, which can be applied on a wide variety of cultivars, including crops and fruits. However, the product's cost still limits its large and continuous application. New low-cost and efficient GA3 production alternatives are surely welcome. This review deals with the latest scientific and technological advances on production, recovery, formulation, and applications of this important plant growth hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela C Camara
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, CP 19011, Curitiba, PR, 81531-908, Brazil
| | - Luciana P S Vandenberghe
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, CP 19011, Curitiba, PR, 81531-908, Brazil.
| | - Cristine Rodrigues
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, CP 19011, Curitiba, PR, 81531-908, Brazil
| | - Juliana de Oliveira
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, CP 19011, Curitiba, PR, 81531-908, Brazil
| | - Craig Faulds
- Aix-Marseille Université, POLYTECH Marseille, UMR 1163 Biotechnologie des Champignons Filamenteux, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Emmanuel Bertrand
- Aix-Marseille Université, POLYTECH Marseille, UMR 1163 Biotechnologie des Champignons Filamenteux, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Carlos R Soccol
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, CP 19011, Curitiba, PR, 81531-908, Brazil
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24
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Šimura J, Antoniadi I, Široká J, Tarkowská D, Strnad M, Ljung K, Novák O. Plant Hormonomics: Multiple Phytohormone Profiling by Targeted Metabolomics. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 177:476-489. [PMID: 29703867 PMCID: PMC6001343 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones are physiologically important small molecules that play essential roles in intricate signaling networks that regulate diverse processes in plants. We present a method for the simultaneous targeted profiling of 101 phytohormone-related analytes from minute amounts of fresh plant material (less than 20 mg). Rapid and nonselective extraction, fast one-step sample purification, and extremely sensitive ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry enable concurrent quantification of the main phytohormone classes: cytokinins, auxins, brassinosteroids, gibberellins, jasmonates, salicylates, and abscisates. We validated this hormonomic approach in salt-stressed and control Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings, quantifying a total of 43 endogenous compounds in both root and shoot samples. Subsequent multivariate statistical data processing and cross-validation with transcriptomic data highlighted the main hormone metabolites involved in plant adaptation to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Šimura
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ioanna Antoniadi
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-90183 Umea, Sweden
| | - Jitka Široká
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Karin Ljung
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-90183 Umea, Sweden
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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25
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Drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive genotypes of maize (Zea mays L.) differ in contents of endogenous brassinosteroids and their drought-induced changes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197870. [PMID: 29795656 PMCID: PMC5967837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The contents of endogenous brassinosteroids (BRs) together with various aspects of plant morphology, water management, photosynthesis and protection against cell damage were assessed in two maize genotypes that differed in their drought sensitivity. The presence of 28-norbrassinolide in rather high quantities (1-2 pg mg-1 fresh mass) in the leaves of monocot plants is reported for the first time. The intraspecific variability in the presence/content of the individual BRs in drought-stressed plants is also described for the first time. The drought-resistant genotype was characterised by a significantly higher content of total endogenous BRs (particularly typhasterol and 28-norbrassinolide) compared with the drought-sensitive genotype. On the other hand, the drought-sensitive genotype showed higher levels of 28-norcastasterone. Both genotypes also differed in the drought-induced reduction/elevation of the levels of 28-norbrassinolide, 28-norcastasterone, 28-homocastasterone and 28-homodolichosterone. The differences observed between both genotypes in the endogenous BR content are probably correlated with their different degrees of drought sensitivity, which was demonstrated at various levels of plant morphology, physiology and biochemistry.
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26
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Tarkowská D, Strnad M. Isoprenoid-derived plant signaling molecules: biosynthesis and biological importance. PLANTA 2018; 247:1051-1066. [PMID: 29532163 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2878-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The present review summarizes current knowledge of the biosynthesis and biological importance of isoprenoid-derived plant signaling compounds. Cellular organisms use chemical signals for intercellular communication to coordinate their growth, development, and responses to environmental cues. The skeletons of majority of plant signaling molecules, mediators of plant intercellular 'broadcasting', are built from C5 units of isoprene and therefore belong to a huge and diverse group of natural substances called isoprenoids (terpenoids). They fill many important roles in nature. This review summarizes current knowledge of the biosynthesis and biological importance of a group of isoprenoid-derived plant signaling compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czechia.
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czechia
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27
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Pěnčík A, Casanova-Sáez R, Pilařová V, Žukauskaitė A, Pinto R, Micol JL, Ljung K, Novák O. Ultra-rapid auxin metabolite profiling for high-throughput mutant screening in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2569-2579. [PMID: 29514302 PMCID: PMC5920284 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) plays fundamental roles as a signalling molecule during numerous plant growth and development processes. The formation of local auxin gradients and auxin maxima/minima, which is very important for these processes, is regulated by auxin metabolism (biosynthesis, degradation, and conjugation) as well as transport. When studying auxin metabolism pathways it is crucial to combine data obtained from genetic investigations with the identification and quantification of individual metabolites. Thus, to facilitate efforts to elucidate auxin metabolism and its roles in plants, we have developed a high-throughput method for simultaneously quantifying IAA and its key metabolites in minute samples (<10 mg FW) of Arabidopsis thaliana tissues by in-tip micro solid-phase extraction and fast LC-tandem MS. As a proof of concept, we applied the method to a collection of Arabidopsis mutant lines and identified lines with altered IAA metabolite profiles using multivariate data analysis. Finally, we explored the correlation between IAA metabolite profiles and IAA-related phenotypes. The developed rapid analysis of large numbers of samples (>100 samples d-1) is a valuable tool to screen for novel regulators of auxin metabolism and homeostasis among large collections of genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleš Pěnčík
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Rubén Casanova-Sáez
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Veronika Pilařová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Asta Žukauskaitė
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Rui Pinto
- Computational Life Science Cluster (CLiC), Chemistry department (KBC), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - José Luis Micol
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Karin Ljung
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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28
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Yimer HZ, Nahar K, Kyndt T, Haeck A, Van Meulebroek L, Vanhaecke L, Demeestere K, Höfte M, Gheysen G. Gibberellin antagonizes jasmonate-induced defense against Meloidogyne graminicola in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:646-660. [PMID: 29464725 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellin (GA) regulates various plant growth and developmental processes, but its role in pathogen attack, and especially nematode-plant interactions, still remains to be elucidated. An in-depth characterization of the role of GA in nematode infection was conducted using mutant lines of rice, chemical inhibitors, and phytohormone measurements. Our results showed that GA influences rice-Meloidogyne graminicola interactions in a concentration-dependent manner. Foliar spray of plants with a low concentration of gibberellic acid enhanced nematode infection. Biosynthetic and signaling mutants confirmed the importance of gibberellin for rice susceptibility to M. graminicola infection. Our study also demonstrates that GA signaling suppresses jasmonate (JA)-mediated defense against M. graminicola, and likewise the JA-induced defense against M. graminicola requires SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1)-mediated repression of the GA pathway. In contrast to observations from other plant-pathogen interactions, GA plays a dominant role over JA in determining susceptibility to M. graminicola in rice. This GA-induced nematode susceptibility was largely independent of auxin biosynthesis, but relied on auxin transport. In conclusion, we showed that GA-JA antagonistic crosstalk is at the forefront of the interaction between rice and M. graminicola, and SLR1 plays a central role in the JA-mediated defense response in rice against this nematode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henok Zemene Yimer
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Crop protection, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kamrun Nahar
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tina Kyndt
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ashley Haeck
- Research Group EnVOC, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lieven Van Meulebroek
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lynn Vanhaecke
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Kristof Demeestere
- Research Group EnVOC, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Monica Höfte
- Department of Crop protection, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Godelieve Gheysen
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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29
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Lenser T, Tarkowská D, Novák O, Wilhelmsson PKI, Bennett T, Rensing SA, Strnad M, Theißen G. When the BRANCHED network bears fruit: how carpic dominance causes fruit dimorphism in Aethionema. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 94:352-371. [PMID: 29418033 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Life in unpredictably changing habitats is a great challenge, especially for sessile organisms like plants. Fruit and seed heteromorphism is one way to cope with such variable environmental conditions. It denotes the production of distinct types of fruits and seeds that often mediate distinct life-history strategies in terms of dispersal, germination and seedling establishment. But although the phenomenon can be found in numerous species and apparently evolved several times independently, its developmental time course or molecular regulation remains largely unknown. Here, we studied fruit development in Aethionema arabicum, a dimorphic member of the Brassicaceae family. We characterized fruit morph differentiation by comparatively analyzing discriminating characters like fruit growth, seed abortion and dehiscence zone development. Our data demonstrate that fruit morph determination is a 'last-minute' decision happening in flowers after anthesis directly before the first morphotypical differences start to occur. Several growth experiments in combination with hormone and gene expression analyses further indicate that an accumulation balance of the plant hormones auxin and cytokinin in open flowers together with the transcript abundance of the Ae. arabicum ortholog of BRANCHED1, encoding a transcription factor known for its conserved function as a branching repressor, may guide fruit morph determination. Thus, we hypothesize that the plasticity of the fruit morph ratio in Ae. arabicum may have evolved through the modification of a preexisting network known to govern correlative dominance between shoot organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Lenser
- Department of Genetics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 12, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Per K I Wilhelmsson
- Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tom Bennett
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Stefan A Rensing
- Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Günter Theißen
- Department of Genetics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 12, 07743, Jena, Germany
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30
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Großkinsky DK, Syaifullah SJ, Roitsch T. Integration of multi-omics techniques and physiological phenotyping within a holistic phenomics approach to study senescence in model and crop plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:825-844. [PMID: 29444308 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The study of senescence in plants is complicated by diverse levels of temporal and spatial dynamics as well as the impact of external biotic and abiotic factors and crop plant management. Whereas the molecular mechanisms involved in developmentally regulated leaf senescence are very well understood, in particular in the annual model plant species Arabidopsis, senescence of other organs such as the flower, fruit, and root is much less studied as well as senescence in perennials such as trees. This review addresses the need for the integration of multi-omics techniques and physiological phenotyping into holistic phenomics approaches to dissect the complex phenomenon of senescence. That became feasible through major advances in the establishment of various, complementary 'omics' technologies. Such an interdisciplinary approach will also need to consider knowledge from the animal field, in particular in relation to novel regulators such as small, non-coding RNAs, epigenetic control and telomere length. Such a characterization of phenotypes via the acquisition of high-dimensional datasets within a systems biology approach will allow us to systematically characterize the various programmes governing senescence beyond leaf senescence in Arabidopsis and to elucidate the underlying molecular processes. Such a multi-omics approach is expected to also spur the application of results from model plants to agriculture and their verification for sustainable and environmentally friendly improvement of crop plant stress resilience and productivity and contribute to improvements based on postharvest physiology for the food industry and the benefit of its customers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik K Großkinsky
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Syahnada Jaya Syaifullah
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Thomas Roitsch
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé, Taastrup, Denmark
- Department of Adaptive Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Institute, CAS, v.v.i., Drásov, Czech Republic
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31
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Novák O, Floková K. An UHPLC-MS/MS Method for Target Profiling of Stress-Related Phytohormones. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1778:183-192. [PMID: 29761439 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7819-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The methodology described here represents an improved strategy for analysis of a broad range of stress-related plant hormones including jasmonates, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, and auxin metabolites. The method conditions are optimized in order to reduce the background effect of complicated plant matrix, allow effective preconcentration and thus perform highly sensitive profiling of multiple plant hormones by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czech Republic. .,Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Kristýna Floková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Plant Hormone Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Suh JH, Han SB, Wang Y. Development of an improved sample preparation platform for acidic endogenous hormones in plant tissues using electromembrane extraction. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1535:1-8. [PMID: 29306633 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite their importance in pivotal signaling pathways due to trace quantities and complex matrices, the analysis of plant hormones is a challenge. Here, to improve this issue, we present an electromembrane extraction technology combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for determination of acidic plant hormones including jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, salicylic acid, benzoic acid, gibberellic acid and gibberellin A4 in plant tissues. Factors influencing extraction efficiency, such as voltage, extraction time and stirring rate were optimized using a design of experiments. Analytical performance was evaluated in terms of specificity, linearity, limit of quantification, precision, accuracy, recovery and repeatability. The results showed good linearity (r2 > 0.995), precision and acceptable accuracy. The limit of quantification ranged from 0.1 to 10 ng mL-1, and the recoveries were 34.6-50.3%. The developed method was applied in citrus leaf samples, showing better clean-up efficiency, as well as higher sensitivity compared to a previous method using liquid-liquid extraction. Organic solvent consumption was minimized during the process, making it an appealing method. More noteworthy, electromembrane extraction has been scarcely applied to plant tissues, and this is the first time that major plant hormones were extracted using this technology, with high sensitivity and selectivity. Taken together, this work gives not only a novel sample preparation platform using an electric field for plant hormones, but also a good example of extracting complex plant tissues in a simple and effective way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Hyuk Suh
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA
| | - Sang Beom Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA.
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Pařízková B, Pernisová M, Novák O. What Has Been Seen Cannot Be Unseen-Detecting Auxin In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122736. [PMID: 29258197 PMCID: PMC5751337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxins mediate various processes that are involved in plant growth and development in response to specific environmental conditions. Its proper spatio-temporal distribution that is driven by polar auxin transport machinery plays a crucial role in the wide range of auxins physiological effects. Numbers of approaches have been developed to either directly or indirectly monitor auxin distribution in vivo in order to elucidate the basis of its precise regulation. Herein, we provide an updated list of valuable techniques used for monitoring auxins in plants, with their utilities and limitations. Because the spatial and temporal resolutions of the presented approaches are different, their combination may provide a comprehensive outcome of auxin distribution in diverse developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Pařízková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Markéta Pernisová
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Humplík JF, Bergougnoux V, Van Volkenburgh E. To Stimulate or Inhibit? That Is the Question for the Function of Abscisic Acid. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 22:830-841. [PMID: 28843765 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Physiologically, abscisic acid (ABA) is believed to be a general inhibitor of plant growth, including during the crucial early development of seedlings. However, this view contradicts many reports of stimulatory effects of ABA that, so far, have not been considered in the debate concerning ABA's function in plant development. To address this apparent contradiction, we propose a hypothetical mechanism to explain how ABA might contribute to the promotion of cell expansion. We wish to overturn conventional views on ABA's role during juvenile plant development and put forward the idea that, as for other phytohormones, the role of ABA is determined by dose and sensitivity and ranges from stimulatory to inhibitory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan F Humplík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany Czech Academy of Sciences and Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; These authors contributed equally to the work.
| | - Véronique Bergougnoux
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; These authors contributed equally to the work
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Hura T, Dziurka M, Hura K, Ostrowska A, Dziurka K, Gadzinowska J. Wheat and rye genome confer specific phytohormone profile features and interplay under water stress in two phenotypes of triticale. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 118:494-509. [PMID: 28756347 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the experiment was to determine phytohormone profile of triticale and quality-based relationships between the analyzed groups of phytohormones. The study involved two triticale phenotypes, a long-stemmed one and a semi-dwarf one with Dw1 gene, differing in mechanisms of acclimation to drought and controlled by wheat or rye genome. Water deficit in the leaves triggered a specific phytohormone response in both winter triticale phenotypes attributable to the dominance of wheat (semi-dwarf cultivar) or rye (long-stemmed cultivar) genome. Rye genome in long-stemmed triticale was responsible for specific increase (tillering: gibberellic acid; heading: N6-isopentenyladenine, trans-zeatin-9-riboside, cis-zeatin-9-riboside; flowering: N6-isopentenyladenine, indolebutyric acid, salicylic acid) or decrease (heading: trans-zeatin) in the content of some phytohormones. Wheat genome in semi-dwarf triticale controlled a specific increase in trans-zeatin content at heading and anthesis in gibberellin A1 during anthesis. The greatest number of changes in the phytohormone levels was observed in the generative phase. In both triticale types, the pool of investigated phytohormones was dominated by abscisic acid and gibberellins. The semi-dwarf cultivar with Dw1 gene was less sensitive to gibberellins and its mechanisms of acclimation to water stress were mainly ABA-dependent. An increase in ABA and gibberellins during drought and predominance of these hormones in the total pool of analyzed phytohormones indicated their equal share in drought acclimation mechanisms in long-stemmed cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Hura
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, 30-239 Kraków, Niezapominajek 21, Poland.
| | - Michał Dziurka
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, 30-239 Kraków, Niezapominajek 21, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Hura
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, Agricultural University, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ostrowska
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, 30-239 Kraków, Niezapominajek 21, Poland
| | - Kinga Dziurka
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, 30-239 Kraków, Niezapominajek 21, Poland
| | - Joanna Gadzinowska
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, 30-239 Kraków, Niezapominajek 21, Poland
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Li D, Guo Z, Liu C, Li J, Xu W, Chen Y. Quantification of near-attomole gibberellins in floral organs dissected from a single Arabidopsis thaliana flower. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 91:547-557. [PMID: 28423470 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
There remains a methodological bottleneck in the quantification of ultra-trace plant hormones in very tiny plant organs at fresh weights below a milligram. The challenge becomes even more serious in the determination of endogenous gibberellins (GAs), which are a class of compounds that are difficult to separate and detect. Herein, a quantification method using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed, combined with a derivatization technique in which GAs react with N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide in ethanol. The method was validated as capable of determining GAs in floral organs (about 80-250 μg) - pistil, stamens, petals, sepals and receptacle - which were dissected from only one flower of Arabidopsis thaliana. Substantially different abundance patterns of GAs were measured from the floral organs at floral stages 13, 14 and 15 along the non-13-hydroxylation pathway and the early 13-hydroxylation pathway in plants. This allows sub-flower-level insights into how GAs affect floral development. The method exhibited excellent limit of detection and limit of quantification down to 5.41 and 18.0 attomole, respectively, and offered a fairly wide linear range from 0.01 to 25 femtomole with linear coefficients above 0.9961. The precision of the method was evaluated with relative standard deviations below 10.6% for intra-day and 11.4% for inter-day assays, and recoveries ranged from 64.0% to 107%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhenpeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cuimei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jincheng Li
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China
| | - Wenzhong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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Pereira L, Pujol M, Garcia-Mas J, Phillips MA. Non-invasive quantification of ethylene in attached fruit headspace at 1 p.p.b. by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 91:172-183. [PMID: 28370685 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene is a gaseous plant hormone involved in defense, adaptations to environmental stress and fruit ripening. Its relevance to the latter makes its detection highly useful for physiologists interested in the onset of ripening. Produced as a sharp peak during the respiratory burst, ethylene is biologically active at tens of nl L-1 . Reliable quantification at such concentrations generally requires specialized instrumentation. Here we present a rapid, high-sensitivity method for detecting ethylene in attached fruit using a conventional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) system and in situ headspace collection chambers. We apply this method to melon (Cucumis melo L.), a unique species consisting of climacteric and non-climacteric varieties, with a high variation in the climacteric phenotype among climacteric types. Using a population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from highly climacteric ('Védrantais', cantalupensis type) and non-climacteric ('Piel de Sapo', inodorus type) parental lines, we observed a significant variation for the intensity, onset and duration of the ethylene burst during fruit ripening. Our method does not require concentration, sampling times over 1 h or fruit harvest. We achieved a limit of detection of 0.41 ± 0.04 nl L-1 and a limit of quantification of 1.37 ± 0.13 nl L-1 with an analysis time per sample of 2.6 min. Validation of the analytical method indicated that linearity (>98%), precision (coefficient of variation ≤2%) and sensitivity compared favorably with dedicated optical sensors. This study adds to evidence of the characteristic climacteric ethylene burst as a complex trait whose intensity in our RIL population lies along a continuum in addition to two extremes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Pereira
- IRTA, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (IRTA- CSIC- UAB-UB), Edifici CRAG, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Marta Pujol
- IRTA, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (IRTA- CSIC- UAB-UB), Edifici CRAG, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Jordi Garcia-Mas
- IRTA, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (IRTA- CSIC- UAB-UB), Edifici CRAG, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Michael A Phillips
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto-Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
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Vinković T, Novák O, Strnad M, Goessler W, Jurašin DD, Parađiković N, Vrček IV. Cytokinin response in pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) exposed to silver nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 156:10-18. [PMID: 28314149 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The increasing development of different nanomaterials, such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and their practical use in agriculture and biotechnology has created a strong need for elucidations of biological effects and risk assessments of AgNPs in plants. This study was aimed to investigate AgNPs effects on metal uptake and their biodistribution in pepper plants as well as on morphological parameters and hormonal responses of the isoprenoid cytokinin (CK) family. In addition, the comparison of effects silver form, nanoparticles vs. ionic, has also been examined. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study describing CK responses in plants exposed to metallic NPs. The obtained results indicate that both AgNPs and Ag+ ions significantly increased total content of Ag+ in pepper tissues in a dose-dependent manner and affected on plant development by decreasing both plant height and biomass in a similar way. This study evidenced for the first time the role of CKs in abiotic stress in plants caused by AgNPs. The hormonal analysis, conducted by an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry, revealed a significant increase in total CKs in the leaves and also highlighted the importance of cis-zeatin type CKs in plants treated with AgNPs. Our observations suggest potential risks of AgNPs on plant ecosystems upon their release into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Vinković
- Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ondrej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Walter Goessler
- Institute for Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Darija Domazet Jurašin
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nada Parađiković
- Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivana Vinković Vrček
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10001 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Novák O, Napier R, Ljung K. Zooming In on Plant Hormone Analysis: Tissue- and Cell-Specific Approaches. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 68:323-348. [PMID: 28226234 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042916-040812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant hormones are a group of naturally occurring, low-abundance organic compounds that influence physiological processes in plants. Our knowledge of the distribution profiles of phytohormones in plant organs, tissues, and cells is still incomplete, but advances in mass spectrometry have enabled significant progress in tissue- and cell-type-specific analyses of phytohormones over the last decade. Mass spectrometry is able to simultaneously identify and quantify hormones and their related substances. Biosensors, on the other hand, offer continuous monitoring; can visualize local distributions and real-time quantification; and, in the case of genetically encoded biosensors, are noninvasive. Thus, biosensors offer additional, complementary technologies for determining temporal and spatial changes in phytohormone concentrations. In this review, we focus on recent advances in mass spectrometry-based quantification, describe monitoring systems based on biosensors, and discuss validations of the various methods before looking ahead at future developments for both approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Novák
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden; ,
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Richard Napier
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom;
| | - Karin Ljung
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden; ,
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40
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Oklestkova J, Tarkowská D, Eyer L, Elbert T, Marek A, Smržová Z, Novák O, Fránek M, Zhabinskii VN, Strnad M. Immunoaffinity chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry: A new tool for the selective capture and analysis of brassinosteroid plant hormones. Talanta 2017; 170:432-440. [PMID: 28501193 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are plant-specific steroid hormones that play essential roles in the regulation of many important physiological processes in plant life. Their extremely low concentrations (~pmoles/g FW) in plant tissue and huge differences in polarity of individual members within the BR family hamper their detection and quantification. To address this problem, an immunoaffinity sorbent with broad specificity and high capacity for different BR metabolites containing a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against a BR spacer (20S)-2α,3α-dihydroxy-7-oxa-7α-homo-5α-pregnane-6-one-20 carboxylic acid (BR4812) was used for the rapid and highly selective isolation of endogenous BRs containing a 2α,3α-diol in ring A from minute plant samples. This enrichment procedure was successfully applied as a sample preparation method prior to quantitative analysis of BRs in real plant tissues by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Use of immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC) increased the sensitivity of the UHPLC-MS/MS analysis owing to improvements in the BR signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) and matrix factor (MF). Although MF values of BRs analyzed in classical samples ranged from 8.9% to 47.4%, MF values for the IAC purified samples reached 44.5-96.6%. Thus, the developed IAC-UHPLC-MS/MS approach was shown to be a simple, robust, effective and extremely fast procedure requiring minute amounts of plant samples suitable for the quantitative profiling of many BR metabolites, helping to overcome the major problems associated with their determination in very complex plant matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Oklestkova
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Luděk Eyer
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-621 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomáš Elbert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Aleš Marek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Zora Smržová
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-621 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Milan Fránek
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-621 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimir N Zhabinskii
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich Str., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Pospíšil J, Béres T, Strnad M. A convenient method for the preparation of 20-[ 18 O]-labeled ingenol. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Protocol for Extraction and Isolation of Brassinosteroids from Plant Tissues. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1564:1-7. [PMID: 28124241 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6813-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of steroid plant hormones that participate with other plant hormones in the regulation of numerous developmental processes, including root and shoot growth, vascular differentiation, fertility, and seed germination. A characteristic feature of all plant hormones, including BRs, is that their concentration is extremely low in plant tissues and, therefore, the methods dealing with their determination belong to ultra-trace analysis, for which very sensitive analytical tools are needed. The analysis of natural BRs is essential when their functions and roles in plant growth and development are to be elucidated. Here, we describe a reliable protocol for high-throughput extraction and purification of BRs. The procedure consists of two solid-phase extraction steps and provides selective enrichment and efficient cleanup of these compounds from complex plant extracts. The protocol is designed for sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based method for simultaneous detection of 22 naturally occurring BRs, including their biosynthetic precursors and most of their biologically active metabolites, without need for derivatization.
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Novák O, Antoniadi I, Ljung K. High-Resolution Cell-Type Specific Analysis of Cytokinins in Sorted Root Cell Populations of Arabidopsis thaliana. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1497:231-248. [PMID: 27864770 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6469-7_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We describe a method combining fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) with one-step miniaturized isolation and accurate quantification of cytokinins (CKs) using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) to measure these phytohormones in specific cell types of Arabidopsis thaliana roots. The methodology provides information of unprecedented resolution about spatial distributions of CKs, and thus should facilitate attempts to elucidate regulatory networks involved in root developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Ioanna Antoniadi
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karin Ljung
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
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Aremu AO, Plačková L, Pěnčík A, Novák O, Doležal K, Van Staden J. Auxin-cytokinin interaction and variations in their metabolic products in the regulation of organogenesis in two Eucomis species. N Biotechnol 2016; 33:883-890. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Delatorre C, Rodríguez A, Rodríguez L, Majada JP, Ordás RJ, Feito I. Hormonal profiling: Development of a simple method to extract and quantify phytohormones in complex matrices by UHPLC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1040:239-249. [PMID: 27847150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are very different chemical compounds that play essential roles in plant development and the regulation of physiological processes. They exert their functions by a mechanism called cross-talk (involving either synergistic or antagonistic actions) thus; it is for great interest to study as many PGRs as possible to obtain accurate information about plant status. Much effort has been applied to develop methods capable of analyze large numbers of these compounds but frequently excluding some chemical families or important PGRs within each family. In addition, most of the methods are specially designed for matrices easy to work with. Therefore, we wanted to develop a method which achieved the requirements lacking in the literature and also being fast and reliable. Here we present a simple, fast and robust method for the extraction and quantification of 20 different PGRs using UHPLC-MS/MS optimized in complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Delatorre
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal. Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, Catedrático Rodrigo Uría, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Ana Rodríguez
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal. Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, Catedrático Rodrigo Uría, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Lucía Rodríguez
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario de Asturias, Finca Experimental "La Mata", 33820, Grado, Spain
| | - Juan P Majada
- Centro Tecnológico Forestal y de la Madera, Pumarabule s/n, 33936 Carbayín, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ricardo J Ordás
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Agroforestal, Escuela Politécnica de Mieres, Universidad de Oviedo, Gonzalo Gutiérrez Quirós, 33600 Mieres, Spain
| | - Isabel Feito
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario de Asturias, Finca Experimental "La Mata", 33820, Grado, Spain
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Tarkowská D, Strnad M. Plant ecdysteroids: plant sterols with intriguing distributions, biological effects and relations to plant hormones. PLANTA 2016; 244:545-555. [PMID: 27339274 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2561-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present review summarises current knowledge of phytoecdysteroids' biosynthesis, distribution within plants, biological importance and relations to plant hormones. Plant ecdysteroids (phytoecdysteroids) are natural polyhydroxylated compounds that have a four-ringed skeleton, usually composed of either 27 carbon atoms or 28-29 carbon atoms (biosynthetically derived from cholesterol or other plant sterols, respectively). Their physiological roles in plants have not yet been confirmed and their occurrence is not universal. Nevertheless, they are present at high concentrations in various plant species, including commonly consumed vegetables, and have a broad spectrum of pharmacological and medicinal properties in mammals, including hepatoprotective and hypoglycaemic effects, and anabolic effects on skeletal muscle, without androgenic side-effects. Furthermore, phytoecdysteroids can enhance stress resistance by promoting vitality and enhancing physical performance; thus, they are considered adaptogens. This review summarises current knowledge of phytoecdysteroids' biosynthesis, distribution within plants, biological importance and relations to plant hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Tarkowská D, Novák O, Oklestkova J, Strnad M. The determination of 22 natural brassinosteroids in a minute sample of plant tissue by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:6799-812. [PMID: 27531032 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9807-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The triterpenoid plant hormones brassinosteroids (BRs) are believed to influence almost every aspect of plant growth and development. We have developed a sensitive mass spectrometry-based method for the simultaneous profiling of twenty-two naturally occurring brassinosteroids including biosynthetic precursors and the majority of biologically active metabolites. Using ultra-high performance liquid chromatographic (UHPLC) analysis, the run time was reduced up to three times (to 9 min) in comparison to standard HPLC BRs analyses, the retention time stability was improved to 0.1-0.2 % RSD and the injection accuracy was increased to 1.1-4.9 % RSD. The procedures for extraction and for two-step purification based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) were optimised in combination with subsequent UHPLC analysis coupled to electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) using Brassica flowers and Arabidopsis plant tissue extracts. In multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, the average detection limit for BRs analysed was close to 7 pg, and the linear range covered up to 3 orders of magnitude. The low detection limits for this broad range of BR metabolites enabled as little as 50 mg of plant tissue to be used for quantitative analyses. The results of determinations exploiting internal standards showed that this approach provides a high level of practicality, reproducibility and recovery. The method we have established will enable researchers to gain a better understanding of the dynamics of the biosynthesis and metabolism of brassinosteroids and their modes of action in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Oklestkova
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Riet KB, Ndlovu N, Piater LA, Dubery IA. Simultaneous analysis of defense-related phytohormones in Arabidopsis thaliana responding to fungal infection. APPLICATIONS IN PLANT SCIENCES 2016; 4:apps1600013. [PMID: 27610272 PMCID: PMC5001854 DOI: 10.3732/apps.1600013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Simultaneous analysis of defense-related phytohormones can provide insights into underlying biochemical interactions. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatographic (UHPLC) techniques hyphenated to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) are powerful analytical platforms, suitable for quantitative profiling of multiple classes of metabolites. METHODS An efficient and simplified extraction method was designed followed by reverse-phase UHPLC for separation of seven phytohormones: salicylic acid, methyl salicylate, jasmonic acid, methyl jasmonate, absiscic acid, indole acetic acid, and the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid. A triple quadrupole multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method was developed for MS quantification. The methods were applied to analyze phytohormones in Arabidopsis leaf tissue responding to biotic stresses. RESULTS Under the optimized conditions, the phytohormones were separated within 15 min, with good linearities and high sensitivity. Repeatable results were obtained, with the limits of detection and quantification around 0.01 ng/μL (∼9 ng/g tissue). The method was validated and applied to monitor, quantify, and compare the temporal changes of the phytohormones under biotic stress. DISCUSSION Quantitative changes indicate increased production of defense phytohormones from the various classes. The analytical method was useful and suitable to distinguish distinctive variations in the phytohormonal profiles and balance in A. thaliana leaves resulting from pathogen attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katlego B. Riet
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - Nombuso Ndlovu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - Lizelle A. Piater
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - Ian A. Dubery
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
- Author for correspondence:
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Eyer L, Vain T, Pařízková B, Oklestkova J, Barbez E, Kozubíková H, Pospíšil T, Wierzbicka R, Kleine-Vehn J, Fránek M, Strnad M, Robert S, Novak O. 2,4-D and IAA Amino Acid Conjugates Show Distinct Metabolism in Arabidopsis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159269. [PMID: 27434212 PMCID: PMC4951038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The herbicide 2,4-D exhibits an auxinic activity and therefore can be used as a synthetic and traceable analog to study auxin-related responses. Here we identified that not only exogenous 2,4-D but also its amide-linked metabolite 2,4-D-Glu displayed an inhibitory effect on plant growth via the TIR1/AFB auxin-mediated signaling pathway. To further investigate 2,4-D metabolite conversion, identity and activity, we have developed a novel purification procedure based on the combination of ion exchange and immuno-specific sorbents combined with a sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method. In 2,4-D treated samples, 2,4-D-Glu and 2,4-D-Asp were detected at 100-fold lower concentrations compared to 2,4-D levels, showing that 2,4-D can be metabolized in the plant. Moreover, 2,4-D-Asp and 2,4-D-Glu were identified as reversible forms of 2,4-D homeostasis that can be converted to free 2,4-D. This work paves the way to new studies of auxin action in plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luděk Eyer
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Vain
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Barbora Pařízková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS & Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Oklestkova
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS & Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Elke Barbez
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Hana Kozubíková
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Pospíšil
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Roksana Wierzbicka
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jürgen Kleine-Vehn
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Milan Fránek
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS & Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Stéphanie Robert
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail: (ON); (SR)
| | - Ondrej Novak
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS & Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- * E-mail: (ON); (SR)
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Novák O, Pěnčík A, Blahoušek O, Ljung K. Quantitative Auxin Metabolite Profiling Using Stable Isotope Dilution UHPLC-MS/MS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 1:419-430. [DOI: 10.1002/cppb.20028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS, Faculty of Science, Palacký University; Olomouc Czech Republic
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Umeå Sweden
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Umeå Sweden
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University; Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Ota Blahoušek
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS, Faculty of Science, Palacký University; Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Karin Ljung
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Umeå Sweden
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