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Jiang C, Melles RB, Yin J, Fan Q, Guo X, Cheng CY, He M, Mackey DA, Guggenheim JA, Klaver C, Nair KS, Jorgenson E, Choquet H. A multiethnic genome-wide analysis of 19,420 individuals identifies novel loci associated with axial length and shared genetic influences with refractive error and myopia. Front Genet 2023; 14:1113058. [PMID: 37351342 PMCID: PMC10282939 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1113058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Long axial length (AL) is a risk factor for myopia. Although family studies indicate that AL has an important genetic component with heritability estimates up to 0.94, there have been few reports of AL-associated loci. Methods: Here, we conducted a multiethnic genome-wide association study (GWAS) of AL in 19,420 adults of European, Latino, Asian, and African ancestry from the Genetic Epidemiology Research on Adult Health and Aging (GERA) cohort, with replication in a subset of the Consortium for Refractive Error and Myopia (CREAM) cohorts of European or Asian ancestry. We further examined the effect of the identified loci on the mean spherical equivalent (MSE) within the GERA cohort. We also performed genome-wide genetic correlation analyses to quantify the genetic overlap between AL and MSE or myopia risk in the GERA European ancestry sample. Results: Our multiethnic GWA analysis of AL identified a total of 16 genomic loci, of which 5 are novel. We found that all AL-associated loci were significantly associated with MSE after Bonferroni correction. We also found that AL was genetically correlated with MSE (rg = -0.83; SE, 0.04; p = 1.95 × 10-89) and myopia (rg = 0.80; SE, 0.05; p = 2.84 × 10-55). Finally, we estimated the array heritability for AL in the GERA European ancestry sample using LD score regression, and found an overall heritability estimate of 0.37 (s.e. = 0.04). Discussion: In this large and multiethnic study, we identified novel loci, associated with AL at a genome-wide significance level, increasing substantially our understanding of the etiology of AL variation. Our results also demonstrate an association between AL-associated loci and MSE and a shared genetic basis between AL and myopia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jiang
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Ronald B. Melles
- KPNC, Department of Ophthalmology, Redwood City, CA, United States
| | - Jie Yin
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Qiao Fan
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaobo Guo
- Department of Statistical Science, School of Mathematics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Southern China Center for Statistical Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Ocular Epidemiology Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mingguang He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Centre for Eye Research Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, WA, Australia
| | - David A. Mackey
- Lions Eye Institute, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jeremy A. Guggenheim
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Klaver
- Department Ophthalmology, Department Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - K. Saidas Nair
- Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Hélène Choquet
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), Oakland, CA, United States
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2
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Charng J, Sanfilippo PG, Lingham G, Stevenson LJ, Mackey DA, Yazar S. Estimation of heritability and familial correlation in myopia is not affected by past sun exposure. Ophthalmic Genet 2019; 40:500-506. [PMID: 31810409 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2019.1696376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To consider the effect of including past sun exposure in estimating heritability and familial correlation of myopia-related traits.Methods: We calculate familial correlation and heritability of anterior chamber depth (ACD), axial length (AL), corneal curvature (CC), and spherical equivalent (SphE), with or without past sun exposure as a covariate, in a large number of unrelated nuclear families from the Raine Study (parents: Gen1, offspring: Gen2) residing in Perth, Australia, a city with a high amount of daily sunlight. Past sun exposure was objectively measured using conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence (CUVAF) photography.Results: When sun exposure was not included in the analysis, both familial correlation (correlation±SE; ACD: 0.308 ± 0.065, AL: 0.374 ± 0.061, CC: 0.436 ± 0.063, SphE: 0.281 ± 0.070) and heritability (ACD: 0.606 ± 0.104, AL: 0.623 ± 0.098, CC: 0.793 ± 0.079, SphE: 0.591 ± 0.106) were significant for all traits (all P < .001). However, there was no significant change in both familial correlation and heritability estimates when sun exposure was included as an additional covariate.Conclusions: Past sun exposure does not affect the estimation of the additive genetic component in myopia-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Charng
- Centre of Ophthalmology and Visual Science (incorporating Lions Eye Institute), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Paul G Sanfilippo
- Centre of Ophthalmology and Visual Science (incorporating Lions Eye Institute), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gareth Lingham
- Centre of Ophthalmology and Visual Science (incorporating Lions Eye Institute), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Louis J Stevenson
- Centre of Ophthalmology and Visual Science (incorporating Lions Eye Institute), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - David A Mackey
- Centre of Ophthalmology and Visual Science (incorporating Lions Eye Institute), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Seyhan Yazar
- Centre of Ophthalmology and Visual Science (incorporating Lions Eye Institute), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
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Heritability of Corneal Curvature and Pentacam Topometric Indices: A Population-Based Study. Eye Contact Lens 2019; 45:365-371. [DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Vergara C, Bomotti SM, Valencia C, Klein BE, Lee KE, Klein R, Klein AP, Duggal P. Association analysis of exome variants and refraction, axial length, and corneal curvature in a European-American population. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:1973-1979. [PMID: 30157304 PMCID: PMC6497529 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Refractive errors, myopia, and hyperopia are common visual disorders greatly affecting older individuals. Refraction is determined by genetic factors but only a small percentage of its variation has been explained. We performed a genetic association analysis with three ocular phenotypes: spherical equivalent (a continous measure of refraction), axial length, and corneal curvature in 1,871 European-Americans from the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Individuals were genotyped on the Illumina exome array and imputed to the Haplotype Reference Consortium reference panel. After increasing the number of analyzed variants in targeted protein-coding regions 10-fold via imputation, we confirmed associations for two previously known loci with corneal curvature (chr4q12, rs2114039; g.55092626T > C, β = -0.03 (95% confidence interval [CI]): -0.06, -0.01, P value = 0.01) and spherical equivalent (chr15q14, rs634990; g.35006073T > C, β = -0.27, 95% CI: -0.45, -0.09, P value = 3.79 × 10-3 ). Despite increased single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) density, we did not detect any novel significant variants after correction for multiple comparisons. In summary, we confirmed two previous loci associated with corneal curvature and spherical equivalent in a European-American population highlighting the potential biological role of those regions in these traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candelaria Vergara
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Samantha M. Bomotti
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cristian Valencia
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Barbara E.K. Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kristine E. Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ronald Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alison P. Klein
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Priya Duggal
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the heritability of the anterior chamber depth, angle, and volume as well as the corneal volume and diameter using Pentacam in households living in underserved rural areas of Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional population-based study was conducted in randomly selected households living in 2 rural districts in the south and north. The data of subjects above 5 years and households in which at least 2 members (father or mother and a child) had Pentacam data were analyzed. Each subject underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, with emphasis on the measurement of visual acuity and refraction, biomicroscopy, and Pentacam imaging. Heritability was estimated to investigate familial aggregation of anterior chamber indices, and the effects of age, sex, and living area were controlled for as confounding factors. RESULTS Of the 3851 selected individuals, 3314 participated in the study. After applying the exclusion criteria, the data of 1383 subjects from 382 households were included in the analysis. The mean age of the participants was 37.23±19.35 years (range, 6 to 93 y). The highest and lowest heritability estimates were related to the anterior chamber angle (72%) and corneal diameter (28%), respectively. The heritability percentages of the anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber volume, and corneal volume were 47%, 39%, and 57%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The high heritability of the anterior chamber angle points to a high correlation between this phenotype and genetic factors. Further genetic and molecular investigations are suggested to find the related genes and understand the etiology of glaucoma.
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Loukovitis E, Sfakianakis K, Syrmakesi P, Tsotridou E, Orfanidou M, Bakaloudi DR, Stoila M, Kozei A, Koronis S, Zachariadis Z, Tranos P, Kozeis N, Balidis M, Gatzioufas Z, Fiska A, Anogeianakis G. Genetic Aspects of Keratoconus: A Literature Review Exploring Potential Genetic Contributions and Possible Genetic Relationships with Comorbidities. Ophthalmol Ther 2018; 7:263-292. [PMID: 30191404 PMCID: PMC6258591 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-018-0144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Keratoconus (KC) is a complex, genetically heterogeneous, multifactorial degenerative disorder that is accompanied by corneal ectasia which usually progresses asymmetrically. With an incidence of approximately 1 per 2000 and 2 cases per 100,000 population presenting annually, KC follows an autosomal recessive or dominant pattern of inheritance and is, apparently, associated with genes that interact with environmental, genetic, and/or other factors. This is an important consideration in refractive surgery in the case of familial KC, given the association of KC with other genetic disorders and the imbalance between dizygotic twins. The present review attempts to identify the genetic loci contributing to the different KC clinical presentations and relate them to the common genetically determined comorbidities associated with KC. Methods The PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and GeneCards databases were screened for KC-related articles published in English between January 2006 and November 2017. Keyword combinations of “keratoconus,” “risk factor(s),” “genetics,” “genes,” “genetic association(s),” and “cornea” were used. In total, 217 articles were retrieved and analyzed, with greater weight placed on the more recent literature. Further bibliographic research based on the 217 articles revealed another 124 relevant articles that were included in this review. Using the reviewed literature, an attempt was made to correlate genes and genetic risk factors with KC characteristics and genetically related comorbidities associated with KC based on genome-wide association studies, family-based linkage analysis, and candidate-gene approaches. Results An association matrix between known KC-related genes and KC symptoms and/or clinical signs together with an association matrix between identified KC genes and genetically related KC comorbidities/syndromes were constructed. Conclusion Twenty-four genes were identified as potential contributors to KC and 49 KC-related comorbidities/syndromes were found. More than 85% of the known KC-related genes are involved in glaucoma, Down syndrome, connective tissue disorders, endothelial dystrophy, posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy, and cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Konstantinos Sfakianakis
- Division of Surgical Anatomy, Laboratory of Anatomy, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Panagiota Syrmakesi
- AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloníki, Greece.,Ophthalmica Eye Institute, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Eleni Tsotridou
- Ophthalmica Eye Institute, Thessaloníki, Greece.,Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Myrsini Orfanidou
- Ophthalmica Eye Institute, Thessaloníki, Greece.,Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Rafailia Bakaloudi
- Ophthalmica Eye Institute, Thessaloníki, Greece.,Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Maria Stoila
- Ophthalmica Eye Institute, Thessaloníki, Greece.,Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Athina Kozei
- Ophthalmica Eye Institute, Thessaloníki, Greece.,School of Pharmacology, University of Nicosia, Makedonitissis, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zisis Gatzioufas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cornea, Cataract and Refractive Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aliki Fiska
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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7
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Hilkert SM, Parness-Yossifon R, Mets-Halgrimson R, Mets MB. Ocular biometry and determinants of refractive error in a founder population of European ancestry. Ophthalmic Genet 2017; 39:11-16. [PMID: 28569566 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2017.1326509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of myopia is increasing worldwide. Previous studies have found a positive association between myopia, education, and near activities, while others have noted a negative association with outdoor exposure. This study reports refractive error and biometry in a founder population of European ancestry, the Hutterites, and discusses risk factors contributing to myopia. METHODS Cross-sectional study, including complete eye exams with retinoscopy and biometry. RESULTS 939 study participants, ages 6 to 89, were examined. Females were significantly more myopic than males (SE -0.87 ± 2.07 and -0.40 ± 1.49 in females and males, respectively, p < 0.0001). Males had significantly longer axial lengths. Females had steeper corneas. This is the first epidemiological report of refractive error among the Hutterites. DISCUSSION As a genetically isolated population with a communal lifestyle, the Hutterites present a unique opportunity to study risk factors for myopia. Hutterite females are more myopic than males, a finding which has only been reported in a few other populations. Hutterite children complete compulsory education through the 8th grade, after which women and men assume gender-specific occupational tasks. Men often work outside on the farm, while women engage in more domestic activities inside. These occupational differences likely contribute to the increased myopia comparing females to males, and their uniform lifestyle reduces the impact of potential confounding factors, such as education and income. CONCLUSIONS The Hutterites are more myopic than most other North American and European populations. Greater time spent doing near work and less time spent outdoors likely explain the increased myopia comparing females to males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Hilkert
- a Feinberg School of Medicine , Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois , USA.,b Division of Ophthalmology , Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois , USA.,c Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science , University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - Reut Parness-Yossifon
- a Feinberg School of Medicine , Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois , USA.,b Division of Ophthalmology , Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois , USA.,d Division of Ophthalmology , Kaplan Medical Center , Rehovot , Israel
| | - Rebecca Mets-Halgrimson
- a Feinberg School of Medicine , Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois , USA.,b Division of Ophthalmology , Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - Marilyn B Mets
- a Feinberg School of Medicine , Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois , USA.,b Division of Ophthalmology , Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois , USA
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8
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Robinson-Cohen C, Lutsey PL, Kleber ME, Nielson CM, Mitchell BD, Bis JC, Eny KM, Portas L, Eriksson J, Lorentzon M, Koller DL, Milaneschi Y, Teumer A, Pilz S, Nethander M, Selvin E, Tang W, Weng LC, Wong HS, Lai D, Peacock M, Hannemann A, Völker U, Homuth G, Nauk M, Murgia F, Pattee JW, Orwoll E, Zmuda JM, Riancho JA, Wolf M, Williams F, Penninx B, Econs MJ, Ryan KA, Ohlsson C, Paterson AD, Psaty BM, Siscovick DS, Rotter JI, Pirastu M, Streeten E, März W, Fox C, Coresh J, Wallaschofski H, Pankow JS, de Boer IH, Kestenbaum B. Genetic Variants Associated with Circulating Parathyroid Hormone. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:1553-1565. [PMID: 27927781 PMCID: PMC5407713 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a primary calcium regulatory hormone. Elevated serum PTH concentrations in primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism have been associated with bone disease, hypertension, and in some studies, cardiovascular mortality. Genetic causes of variation in circulating PTH concentrations are incompletely understood. We performed a genome-wide association study of serum PTH concentrations among 29,155 participants of European ancestry from 13 cohort studies (n=22,653 and n=6502 in discovery and replication analyses, respectively). We evaluated the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with natural log-transformed PTH concentration adjusted for age, sex, season, study site, and principal components of ancestry. We discovered associations of SNPs from five independent regions with serum PTH concentration, including the strongest association with rs6127099 upstream of CYP24A1 (P=4.2 × 10-53), a gene that encodes the primary catabolic enzyme for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and 25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Each additional copy of the minor allele at this SNP associated with 7% higher serum PTH concentration. The other SNPs associated with serum PTH concentration included rs4074995 within RGS14 (P=6.6 × 10-17), rs219779 adjacent to CLDN14 (P=3.5 × 10-16), rs4443100 near RTDR1 (P=8.7 × 10-9), and rs73186030 near CASR (P=4.8 × 10-8). Of these five SNPs, rs6127099, rs4074995, and rs219779 replicated. Thus, common genetic variants located near genes involved in vitamin D metabolism and calcium and renal phosphate transport associated with differences in circulating PTH concentrations. Future studies could identify the causal variants at these loci, and the clinical and functional relevance of these variants should be pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassianne Robinson-Cohen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Institute,
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Marcus E Kleber
- Vth Department of Medicine, Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carrie M Nielson
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Department of Medicine and Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Karen M Eny
- Program in Genetics & Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Portas
- Institute of Population Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Joel Eriksson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, and
| | - Mattias Lorentzon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, and
| | | | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institutes for Community Medicine, Department Study of Health in Pomerania - Klinisch-Epidemiologische Forschung (SHIP-KEF), and
| | - Stefan Pilz
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Nuclear Medicine, and
| | - Maria Nethander
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elizabeth Selvin
- Department of Epidemiology, Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Weihong Tang
- Divisions of Epidemiology and Community Health and
| | - Lu-Chen Weng
- Divisions of Epidemiology and Community Health and
| | - Hoi Suen Wong
- Program in Genetics & Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dongbing Lai
- Departments of Medical and Molecular Genetics and
| | | | | | - Uwe Völker
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Federico Murgia
- Institute of Population Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Jack W Pattee
- Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Eric Orwoll
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Joseph M Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jose Antonio Riancho
- Department of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, Insituto de Investigacion Sanitaria, Santander, Spain
| | - Myles Wolf
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and
- Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Frances Williams
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Division of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brenda Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael J Econs
- Departments of Medical and Molecular Genetics and
- Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kathleen A Ryan
- Department of Medicine and Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, and
| | - Andrew D Paterson
- Program in Genetics & Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Institutes for Community Medicine, Department Study of Health in Pomerania - Klinisch-Epidemiologische Forschung (SHIP-KEF), and
- Departments of Health Services and
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington
| | - David S Siscovick
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington
- The New York Academy of Medicine, New York, New York
- Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Department of Pediatrics and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles, Medical Center, Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Torrance, California
| | - Mario Pirastu
- Institute of Population Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Elizabeth Streeten
- Department of Medicine and Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Winfried März
- Vth Department of Medicine, Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany; and
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Caroline Fox
- Department of Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck Research, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | - Ian H de Boer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Institute
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington
| | - Bryan Kestenbaum
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Institute
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington
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Mashige KP, Oduntan OA. Axial length, anterior chamber depth and lens thickness: Their intercorrelations in black South Africans. AFRICAN VISION AND EYE HEALTH 2017. [DOI: 10.4102/aveh.v76i1.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To determine means and ranges for axial length, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness values and their intercorrelations in an African population.Methods: Six hundred participants (N = 600) were selected through stratified random cluster sampling from geographically contiguous areas of Durban, South Africa. All participants underwent height measurements and standard vision testing. Repeated measures of axial length, anterior chamber depth and lens thickness were taken with the Nidek US-500 Echoscan.Results: Participants’ ages ranged from 10 to 66 years with a mean age of 28.15 ± 13.09 years (95% confidence interval, 27.09–29.19). Of all the subjects, 295 (49.17%) were females and 305 (50.83%) were males. Axial length ranged from 20.42 mm to 27.28 mm with a mean of 23.05 mm ± 0.98 mm (95% confidence interval, 22.97–23.14), anterior chamber depth ranged from 2.38 mm to 4.13 mm with a mean of 3.21 mm ± 0.37 mm (95% confidence interval, 3.18–3.24) and crystalline lens thicknesses ranged from 2.24 mm to 4.66 mm with a mean of 3.69 mm ± 0.25 mm (95% confidence interval, 3.66–3.71). All three biometric indices were significantly higher in men than in women (all p-values < 0.05). A multivariate linear regression model indicated that axial length and anterior chamber depth decreased with age, while lens thickness increased with age. All biometric indices directly correlated with the male gender and height (all p-values < 0.001). Pearson correlation coefficient tests showed that axial length was significantly positively correlated with anterior chamber (r = 0.66, p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with lens thickness (r = -0.52, p < 0.001). A significant negative correlation was found between lens thickness and anterior chamber depth values (r = -0.68, p < 0.001).Conclusion: Normative values for axial length, anterior chamber depth and lens thickness are determined for the first time in a black South African sample, aged 10–66 years. Age, gender and height were associated with biometric indices. While there was a positive correlation between axial length and anterior chamber depth, there was a negative correlation between lens thickness and both axial length and anterior chamber depth. These biometric data and their intercorrelations may provide some insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of angle-closure glaucoma in this population.
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Pärssinen O, Kauppinen M. What is the influence of parents' myopia on their children's myopic progression? A 22-year follow-up study. Acta Ophthalmol 2016; 94:579-85. [PMID: 27062040 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the connection between parental myopia and their children's myopia from school age to adulthood. METHODS Two hundred and forty myopic schoolchildren (119 boys, 121 girls, mean age 10.9 years) with no previous spectacles for myopia were recruited to a 3-year treatment trial with different use of spectacles. Follow-ups were performed at mean ages of 13.9, 23.7 and 33.2 years for 238, 176 and 170 subjects respectively. Subjective refraction was calibrated to the spherical equivalent at corneal level (SEcor). Corneal refractive power (CR) and axial length (AL) were measured. Parental myopia was assessed with a questionnaire and the children assigned accordingly to one of three hereditary groups: both parents myopic H++, one myopic parent = H+- and no myopic parents = H-. RESULTS At baseline, no significant gender differences in age or SEcor were found in the different hereditary groups. Among girls, CR was significantly higher in hereditary group H++ (45.20 ± 1.08 D) than in group H+- (44.19 ± 1.28 D; p = 0.006) or H- (43.84 ± 1.18 D; p < 0.001). Among boys, the differences in CR between the hereditary groups were smaller and significant at follow-up 2 only. At follow-up end, among males, no significant differences between the hereditary groups were found in SEcor, CR, AL or myopic progression. Among females, myopic progression was 4.21 ± 1.81 D if one or both parents were myopic and -3.19 ± 1.36 D if neither parent was myopic (p = 0.035), but no significant difference was observed in AL. CONCLUSIONS The main difference between the hereditary groups was higher CR and myopic progression among females with myopic parents than non-myopic parents, but with no significant difference in AL with respect to parental myopia at study end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olavi Pärssinen
- Department of Ophthalmology; Central Hospital of Central Finland; Jyväskylä Finland
- Gerontology Research Center and Department of Health Sciences; University of Jyväskylä; Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Markku Kauppinen
- Gerontology Research Center and Department of Health Sciences; University of Jyväskylä; Jyväskylä Finland
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11
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AlBakri A, Ghazi NG, Khan AO. Biometry, optical coherence tomography, and further clinical observations in Knobloch syndrome. Ophthalmic Genet 2016; 38:138-142. [DOI: 10.3109/13816810.2016.1164197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amani AlBakri
- Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicola G. Ghazi
- Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Arif O. Khan
- Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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12
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Fan Q, Verhoeven VJM, Wojciechowski R, Barathi VA, Hysi PG, Guggenheim JA, Höhn R, Vitart V, Khawaja AP, Yamashiro K, Hosseini SM, Lehtimäki T, Lu Y, Haller T, Xie J, Delcourt C, Pirastu M, Wedenoja J, Gharahkhani P, Venturini C, Miyake M, Hewitt AW, Guo X, Mazur J, Huffman JE, Williams KM, Polasek O, Campbell H, Rudan I, Vatavuk Z, Wilson JF, Joshi PK, McMahon G, St Pourcain B, Evans DM, Simpson CL, Schwantes-An TH, Igo RP, Mirshahi A, Cougnard-Gregoire A, Bellenguez C, Blettner M, Raitakari O, Kähönen M, Seppala I, Zeller T, Meitinger T, Ried JS, Gieger C, Portas L, van Leeuwen EM, Amin N, Uitterlinden AG, Rivadeneira F, Hofman A, Vingerling JR, Wang YX, Wang X, Tai-Hui Boh E, Ikram MK, Sabanayagam C, Gupta P, Tan V, Zhou L, Ho CEH, Lim W, Beuerman RW, Siantar R, Tai ES, Vithana E, Mihailov E, Khor CC, Hayward C, Luben RN, Foster PJ, Klein BEK, Klein R, Wong HS, Mitchell P, Metspalu A, Aung T, Young TL, He M, Pärssinen O, van Duijn CM, Jin Wang J, Williams C, Jonas JB, Teo YY, Mackey DA, Oexle K, Yoshimura N, Paterson AD, Pfeiffer N, Wong TY, Baird PN, Stambolian D, Wilson JEB, Cheng CY, Hammond CJ, Klaver CCW, Saw SM, Rahi JS, Korobelnik JF, Kemp JP, Timpson NJ, Smith GD, Craig JE, Burdon KP, Fogarty RD, Iyengar SK, Chew E, Janmahasatian S, Martin NG, MacGregor S, Xu L, Schache M, Nangia V, Panda-Jonas S, Wright AF, Fondran JR, Lass JH, Feng S, Zhao JH, Khaw KT, Wareham NJ, Rantanen T, Kaprio J, Pang CP, Chen LJ, Tam PO, Jhanji V, Young AL, Döring A, Raffel LJ, Cotch MF, Li X, Yip SP, Yap MK, Biino G, Vaccargiu S, Fossarello M, Fleck B, Yazar S, Tideman JWL, Tedja M, Deangelis MM, Morrison M, Farrer L, Zhou X, Chen W, Mizuki N, Meguro A, Mäkelä KM. Meta-analysis of gene-environment-wide association scans accounting for education level identifies additional loci for refractive error. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11008. [PMID: 27020472 PMCID: PMC4820539 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myopia is the most common human eye disorder and it results from complex genetic and environmental causes. The rapidly increasing prevalence of myopia poses a major public health challenge. Here, the CREAM consortium performs a joint meta-analysis to test single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) main effects and SNP × education interaction effects on refractive error in 40,036 adults from 25 studies of European ancestry and 10,315 adults from 9 studies of Asian ancestry. In European ancestry individuals, we identify six novel loci (FAM150B-ACP1, LINC00340, FBN1, DIS3L-MAP2K1, ARID2-SNAT1 and SLC14A2) associated with refractive error. In Asian populations, three genome-wide significant loci AREG, GABRR1 and PDE10A also exhibit strong interactions with education (P<8.5 × 10(-5)), whereas the interactions are less evident in Europeans. The discovery of these loci represents an important advance in understanding how gene and environment interactions contribute to the heterogeneity of myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Fan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Virginie J. M. Verhoeven
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Wojciechowski
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 20205, USA
| | - Veluchamy A. Barathi
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health Systems, National University of Singapore Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Pirro G. Hysi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London School of Medicine, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Jeremy A. Guggenheim
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - René Höhn
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Veronique Vitart
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Scotland
| | - Anthony P. Khawaja
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Kenji Yamashiro
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
| | - S Mohsen Hosseini
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children and Institute for Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Yi Lu
- Statistical Genetics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Toomas Haller
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Jing Xie
- Centre for Eye Research Australia (CERA), Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Cécile Delcourt
- Université de Bordeaux, ISPED (Institut de Santé Publique d'Épidémiologie et de Développement), Bordeaux 33000, France
- INSERM, U1219-Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux 33000, France
| | - Mario Pirastu
- Institute of Population Genetics, National Research Council, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Juho Wedenoja
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Puya Gharahkhani
- Statistical Genetics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Cristina Venturini
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London School of Medicine, London SE1 7EH, UK
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Masahiro Miyake
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
| | - Alex W. Hewitt
- Centre for Eye Research Australia (CERA), Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
- Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Xiaobo Guo
- Department of Statistical Science, School of Mathematics and Computational Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Johanna Mazur
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jenifer E. Huffman
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Scotland
| | - Katie M. Williams
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London School of Medicine, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Harry Campbell
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Igor Rudan
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Zoran Vatavuk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sisters of Mercy University Hospital, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - James F. Wilson
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Peter K. Joshi
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - George McMahon
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Beate St Pourcain
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Wundtlaan 1, 6525 XD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - David M. Evans
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Claire L. Simpson
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
| | - Tae-Hwi Schwantes-An
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Robert P. Igo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Alireza Mirshahi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Dardenne Eye Hospital, Bonn-Bad Godesberg, 53177 Bonn, Germany
| | - Audrey Cougnard-Gregoire
- Université de Bordeaux, ISPED (Institut de Santé Publique d'Épidémiologie et de Développement), Bordeaux 33000, France
- INSERM, U1219-Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux 33000, France
| | - Céline Bellenguez
- Inserm, U1167, Lille 59000, France
- Univ. Lille, U1167, Lille 59000, France
- Université Lille 2, Lille 59000, France
| | - Maria Blettner
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Ilkka Seppala
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Tanja Zeller
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Janina S. Ried
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Laura Portas
- Institute of Population Genetics, National Research Council, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | | | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - André G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, 2518 AD Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, 2518 AD Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, 2518 AD Hague, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ya Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health Systems, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Eileen Tai-Hui Boh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health Systems, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - M. Kamran Ikram
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Preeti Gupta
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Vincent Tan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Lei Zhou
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Candice E. H. Ho
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Wan'e Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health Systems, National University of Singapore Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Roger W. Beuerman
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health Systems, National University of Singapore Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Rosalynn Siantar
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - E-Shyong Tai
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health Systems, Singapore 117549, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Eranga Vithana
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health Systems, National University of Singapore Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Evelin Mihailov
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Chiea-Chuen Khor
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health Systems, Singapore 117549, Singapore
- Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Scotland
| | - Robert N. Luben
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Paul J. Foster
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Barbara E. K. Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA
| | - Ronald Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA
| | - Hoi-Suen Wong
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children and Institute for Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Tin Aung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health Systems, National University of Singapore Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Terri L. Young
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Mingguang He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Olavi Pärssinen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Central Hospital of Central Finland, Jyväskylä 40620, Finland
- Gerontology Research Center and Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland
| | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jie Jin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Cathy Williams
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Jost B. Jonas
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100044, China
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Department of Ophthalmology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, 69115 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yik-Ying Teo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health Systems, Singapore 117549, Singapore
- Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - David A. Mackey
- Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Konrad Oexle
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Nagahisa Yoshimura
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
| | - Andrew D. Paterson
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children and Institute for Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tien-Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health Systems, National University of Singapore Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health Systems, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Paul N. Baird
- Centre for Eye Research Australia (CERA), Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Dwight Stambolian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Joan E. Bailey Wilson
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health Systems, National University of Singapore Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Christopher J. Hammond
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London School of Medicine, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Caroline C. W. Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Seang-Mei Saw
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health Systems, National University of Singapore Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health Systems, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Jugnoo S. Rahi
- Medical Research Council Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London EC1V 2PD, UK
- Ulverscroft Vision Research Group, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jean-François Korobelnik
- Université de Bordeaux, 33400 Talence, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale), ISPED (Institut de Santé Publique d'épidémiologie et de Développement), Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - John P. Kemp
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), The University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Nicholas J. Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), The University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), The University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Jamie E. Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Kathryn P. Burdon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Rhys D. Fogarty
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Sudha K. Iyengar
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, CaseWestern Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Eye Institute, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Emily Chew
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Sarayut Janmahasatian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, CaseWestern Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Liang Xu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Maria Schache
- Centre for Eye Research Australia (CERA), Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Vinay Nangia
- Suraj Eye Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440001, India
| | | | - Alan F. Wright
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Scotland
| | - Jeremy R. Fondran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, CaseWestern Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Jonathan H. Lass
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, CaseWestern Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Eye Institute, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Sheng Feng
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center For Human Genetics, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Jing Hua Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Nick J. Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Taina Rantanen
- Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00271, Finland
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Li Jia Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Pancy O. Tam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Vishal Jhanji
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Alvin L. Young
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Angela Döring
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Leslie J. Raffel
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | - Mary-Frances Cotch
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90502, USA
| | - Shea Ping Yip
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Maurice K.H. Yap
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ginevra Biino
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Simona Vaccargiu
- Institute of Population Genetics, National Research Council, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fossarello
- Institute of Population Genetics, National Research Council, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Brian Fleck
- Princess Alexandra Eye Pavilion, Edinburgh EH3 9HA, UK
| | - Seyhan Yazar
- Centre for Eye Research Australia (CERA), Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Jan Willem L. Tideman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Milly Tedja
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margaret M. Deangelis
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA
| | - Margaux Morrison
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA
| | - Lindsay Farrer
- Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Ophthalmology, Neurology, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Xiangtian Zhou
- School of ophthalmology and optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of ophthalmology and optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Nobuhisa Mizuki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
| | - Akira Meguro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
| | - Kari Matti Mäkelä
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere 33014, Finland
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13
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Lim LT, Gong Y, Ah-Kee EY, Xiao G, Zhang X, Yu S. Impact of parental history of myopia on the development of myopia in mainland china school-aged children. OPHTHALMOLOGY AND EYE DISEASES 2014; 6:31-5. [PMID: 25002817 PMCID: PMC4076205 DOI: 10.4137/oed.s16031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myopia is a very common condition and a significant public health problem in China. The objective of the study was to explore the genetic influence on myopia in Mainland China school-aged children in Beijing. METHODS In 2008, the data from 15,316 Chinese school students aged 6–18 years from 19 randomized schools in Beijing were analyzed to evaluate genetic influence on myopia in children. Heritability was calculated by mid-parent–offspring regression and parent–offspring regression. RESULTS The estimate of heritability was 0.30 (95% CI, 0.27–0.33) for refractive value (RV). The adjusted mean refractive error was −2.33D (95% CI, −2.45 to −2.21) in children with two myopic parents compared with −1.13D (95% CI, −1.78 to −1.08) in children with no parental myopia. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 2.83 (95% CI, 2.47–3.24) in children with two myopic parents compared with no parental myopia. CONCLUSION The study found a strong association between parental history of myopia and genesis of myopia in the offspring even after adjusting for environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lik Thai Lim
- Tennent Institute of Ophthalmology, Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Yanhong Gong
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Elliott Y Ah-Kee
- University of Glasgow School of Medicine, University Avenue, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gexin Xiao
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiulan Zhang
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shicheng Yu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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14
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Sharmila F, Abinayapriya, Ramprabhu K, Kumaramanickavel G, R R Sudhir, Sripriya S. Genetic analysis of axial length genes in high grade myopia from Indian population. Meta Gene 2014; 2:164-75. [PMID: 25606400 PMCID: PMC4287827 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To study the putative association of Membrane frizzled related protein (MFRP) and Visual system homeobox protein (VSX2) gene variants with axial length (AL) in myopia. Method A total of 189 samples with (N = 98) and without (N = 91) myopia were genotyped for the MRFP and VSX2 variations in ABI Prism 3100 AVANT genetic analyzer. Genotype/haplotype analysis was performed using PLINK, Haploview and THESIAS softwares. Results Fifteen variations were observed in the MFRP gene of which, rs36015759 (c.492C > T, T164T) in exon 5 was distributed at a high frequency in the controls and significantly associated with a low risk for myopia (P = 4.10 ∗ e− 07 OR < 1.0). An increased frequency for the coding haplotype block [CGTCGG] harboring rs36015759 was observed in controls (31%) than cases (8%) that also correlated with a decreased mean AL (− 1.35085; P = 0.000444) by THESIAS analysis. The ‘T’ allele of rs36015759 was predicted to abolish the binding site for splicing enhancer (SRp40) by FASTSNP analysis. Conclusion Myopia is a complex disorder influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Our work shows evidence of association of a specific MFRP haplotype which was more prevalent in controls with decreased AL. However, replication and functional studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinamarie Sharmila
- SN ONGC, Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, India ; Birla Institute of Technology & Science (BITS), Pilani, 333 031 Rajasthan, India
| | - Abinayapriya
- Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Karthikeyan Ramprabhu
- SN ONGC, Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, India
| | | | - R R Sudhir
- Preventive Ophthalmology Department, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Sarangapani Sripriya
- SN ONGC, Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, India
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15
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Cheng CY, Schache M, Ikram M, Young T, Guggenheim J, Vitart V, MacGregor S, Verhoeven V, Barathi V, Liao J, Hysi P, Bailey-Wilson J, St. Pourcain B, Kemp J, McMahon G, Timpson N, Evans D, Montgomery G, Mishra A, Wang Y, Wang J, Rochtchina E, Polasek O, Wright A, Amin N, van Leeuwen E, Wilson J, Pennell C, van Duijn C, de Jong P, Vingerling J, Zhou X, Chen P, Li R, Tay WT, Zheng Y, Chew M, Burdon KP, Craig JE, Iyengar SK, Igo RP, Lass JH, Chew EY, Haller T, Mihailov E, Metspalu A, Wedenoja J, Simpson CL, Wojciechowski R, Höhn R, Mirshahi A, Zeller T, Pfeiffer N, Lackner KJ, Bettecken T, Meitinger T, Oexle K, Pirastu M, Portas L, Nag A, Williams KM, Yonova-Doing E, Klein R, Klein BE, Hosseini SM, Paterson AD, Makela KM, Lehtimaki T, Kahonen M, Raitakari O, Yoshimura N, Matsuda F, Chen LJ, Pang CP, Yip SP, Yap MK, Meguro A, Mizuki N, Inoko H, Foster PJ, Zhao JH, Vithana E, Tai ES, Fan Q, Xu L, Campbell H, Fleck B, Rudan I, Aung T, Hofman A, Uitterlinden AG, Bencic G, Khor CC, Forward H, Pärssinen O, Mitchell P, Rivadeneira F, Hewitt AW, Williams C, Oostra BA, Teo YY, Hammond CJ, Stambolian D, Mackey DA, Klaver CC, Wong TY, Saw SM, Baird PN. Nine loci for ocular axial length identified through genome-wide association studies, including shared loci with refractive error. Am J Hum Genet 2013; 93:264-77. [PMID: 24144296 PMCID: PMC3772747 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Refractive errors are common eye disorders of public health importance worldwide. Ocular axial length (AL) is the major determinant of refraction and thus of myopia and hyperopia. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for AL, combining 12,531 Europeans and 8,216 Asians. We identified eight genome-wide significant loci for AL (RSPO1, C3orf26, LAMA2, GJD2, ZNRF3, CD55, MIP, and ALPPL2) and confirmed one previously reported AL locus (ZC3H11B). Of the nine loci, five (LAMA2, GJD2, CD55, ALPPL2, and ZC3H11B) were associated with refraction in 18 independent cohorts (n = 23,591). Differential gene expression was observed for these loci in minus-lens-induced myopia mouse experiments and human ocular tissues. Two of the AL genes, RSPO1 and ZNRF3, are involved in Wnt signaling, a pathway playing a major role in the regulation of eyeball size. This study provides evidence of shared genes between AL and refraction, but importantly also suggests that these traits may have unique pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yu Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Office of Clinical Sciences, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Maria Schache
- Centre for Eye Research Australia (CERA), University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - M. Kamran Ikram
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Office of Clinical Sciences, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
| | - Terri L. Young
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Division of Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Jeremy A. Guggenheim
- Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Veronique Vitart
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Virginie J.M. Verhoeven
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
| | - Veluchamy A. Barathi
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Jiemin Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Pirro G. Hysi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London School of Medicine, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Joan E. Bailey-Wilson
- Inherited Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Beate St. Pourcain
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - John P. Kemp
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - George McMahon
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Nicholas J. Timpson
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - David M. Evans
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | | | - Aniket Mishra
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Ya Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jie Jin Wang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia (CERA), University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Elena Rochtchina
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Alan F. Wright
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
| | | | - James F. Wilson
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Craig E. Pennell
- School of Women’s and Infants’ Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
| | - Paulus T.V.M. de Jong
- Netherlands Institute of Neuroscience (NIN), An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam 1105 BA, the Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Academisch Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands and Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes R. Vingerling
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
| | - Xin Zhou
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Peng Chen
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Ruoying Li
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Wan-Ting Tay
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Yingfeng Zheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Merwyn Chew
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Kathryn P. Burdon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Jamie E. Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Sudha K. Iyengar
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Eye Institute, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Center for Clinical Investigation, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Robert P. Igo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jonathan H. Lass
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Eye Institute, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Emily Y. Chew
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Toomas Haller
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Evelin Mihailov
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Juho Wedenoja
- Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Claire L. Simpson
- Inherited Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Robert Wojciechowski
- Inherited Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - René Höhn
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Alireza Mirshahi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Tanja Zeller
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Karl J. Lackner
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Thomas Bettecken
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Konrad Oexle
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Mario Pirastu
- Institute of Population Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Laura Portas
- Institute of Population Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Abhishek Nag
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London School of Medicine, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Katie M. Williams
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London School of Medicine, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Ekaterina Yonova-Doing
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London School of Medicine, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Ronald Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Barbara E. Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - S. Mohsen Hosseini
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children and Institute for Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Andrew D. Paterson
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children and Institute for Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Kari-Matti Makela
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Filmlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimaki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Filmlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Mika Kahonen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere 33521, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, and Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20041, Finland
| | - Nagahisa Yoshimura
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Department of Human Disease Genomics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Li Jia Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Shea Ping Yip
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Maurice K.H. Yap
- Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Akira Meguro
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Mizuki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Inoko
- Department of Genetic Information, Division of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Paul J. Foster
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Jing Hua Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Eranga Vithana
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - E-Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Qiao Fan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Liang Xu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Brian Fleck
- Princess Alexandra Eye Pavilion, Edinburgh EH3 9HA, UK
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Tin Aung
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
| | - André G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
| | - Goran Bencic
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sisters of Mercy University Hospital, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Chiea-Chuen Khor
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Hannah Forward
- School of Women’s and Infants’ Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Olavi Pärssinen
- Department of Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Central Hospital of Central Finland, Jyväskylä 40620, Finland
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
| | - Alex W. Hewitt
- Centre for Eye Research Australia (CERA), University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Cathy Williams
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Ben A. Oostra
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
| | - Yik-Ying Teo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Christopher J. Hammond
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London School of Medicine, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Dwight Stambolian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David A. Mackey
- Centre for Eye Research Australia (CERA), University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Caroline C.W. Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
| | - Tien-Yin Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Seang-Mei Saw
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Office of Clinical Sciences, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Paul N. Baird
- Centre for Eye Research Australia (CERA), University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
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Stambolian D, Wojciechowski R, Oexle K, Pirastu M, Li X, Raffel LJ, Cotch MF, Chew EY, Klein B, Klein R, Wong TY, Simpson CL, Klaver CC, van Duijn CM, Verhoeven VJ, Baird PN, Vitart V, Paterson AD, Mitchell P, Saw SM, Fossarello M, Kazmierkiewicz K, Murgia F, Portas L, Schache M, Richardson A, Xie J, Wang JJ, Rochtchina E, Viswanathan AC, Hayward C, Wright AF, Polašek O, Campbell H, Rudan I, Oostra BA, Uitterlinden AG, Hofman A, Rivadeneira F, Amin N, Karssen LC, Vingerling JR, Hosseini S, Döring A, Bettecken T, Vatavuk Z, Gieger C, Wichmann HE, Wilson JF, Fleck B, Foster PJ, Topouzis F, McGuffin P, Sim X, Inouye M, Holliday EG, Attia J, Scott RJ, Rotter JI, Meitinger T, Bailey-Wilson JE. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in five cohorts reveals common variants in RBFOX1, a regulator of tissue-specific splicing, associated with refractive error. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:2754-64. [PMID: 23474815 PMCID: PMC3674806 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Visual refractive errors (REs) are complex genetic traits with a largely unknown etiology. To date, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of moderate size have identified several novel risk markers for RE, measured here as mean spherical equivalent (MSE). We performed a GWAS using a total of 7280 samples from five cohorts: the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS); the KORA study ('Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg'); the Framingham Eye Study (FES); the Ogliastra Genetic Park-Talana (OGP-Talana) Study and the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Genotyping was performed on Illumina and Affymetrix platforms with additional markers imputed to the HapMap II reference panel. We identified a new genome-wide significant locus on chromosome 16 (rs10500355, P = 3.9 × 10(-9)) in a combined discovery and replication set (26 953 samples). This single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is located within the RBFOX1 gene which is a neuron-specific splicing factor regulating a wide range of alternative splicing events implicated in neuronal development and maturation, including transcription factors, other splicing factors and synaptic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwight Stambolian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert Wojciechowski
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
- National Human Genome Research Institute
| | - Konrad Oexle
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Mario Pirastu
- Institute of Population Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, Sassari, Italy
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leslie J. Raffel
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mary Frances Cotch
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emily Y. Chew
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Barbara Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ronald Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Tien Y. Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul N. Baird
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Andrew D. Paterson
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Seang Mei Saw
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and
| | - Maurizio Fossarello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Clinica Oculistica Universita` degli studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Federico Murgia
- Institute of Population Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, Sassari, Italy
| | - Laura Portas
- Institute of Population Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Schache
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrea Richardson
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jing Xie
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jie Jin Wang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elena Rochtchina
- Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Ananth C. Viswanathan
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | | | | | - Ozren Polašek
- Croatian Centre for Global Health, University of Split Medical School, Split, Croatia
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - André G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lennart C. Karssen
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - S.M. Hosseini
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Thomas Bettecken
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Zoran Vatavuk
- Dept of Ophthalmology, Hospital ‘Sestre Milosrdnice’, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - James F. Wilson
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Brian Fleck
- Princess Alexandra Eye Pavilion, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paul J. Foster
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Fotis Topouzis
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Peter McGuffin
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK
| | - Xueling Sim
- Centre for Molecular Epidemiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Inouye
- Medical Systems Biology, Department of Pathology and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G. Holliday
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - John Attia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Rodney J. Scott
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
- The Centre for Information Based Medicine and the School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
- The Division of Genetics, Hunter Area Pathology Service, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
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Biino G, Parati G, Concas MP, Adamo M, Angius A, Vaccargiu S, Pirastu M. Environmental and genetic contribution to hypertension prevalence: data from an epidemiological survey on Sardinian genetic isolates. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59612. [PMID: 23527229 PMCID: PMC3603911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Hypertension represents a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide but its prevalence has been shown to vary in different countries. The reasons for such differences are still matter of debate, the relative contributions given by environmental and genetic factors being still poorly defined. We estimated the current prevalence, distribution and determinants of hypertension in isolated Sardinian populations and also investigated the environmental and genetic contribution to hypertension prevalence taking advantage of the characteristics of such populations. Methods and Results An epidemiological survey with cross-sectional design was carried out measuring blood pressure in 9845 inhabitants of 10 villages of Ogliastra region between 2002 and 2008. Regression analysis for assessing blood pressure determinants and variance component models for estimating heritability were performed. Overall 38.8% of this population had hypertension, its prevalence varying significantly by age, sex and among villages taking into account age and sex structure of their population. About 50% of hypertensives had prior cardiovascular disease. High blood pressure was independently associated with age, obesity related factors, heart rate, total cholesterol, alcohol consumption, low education and smoking status, all these factors contributing more in women than in men. Heritability was 27% for diastolic and 36% for systolic blood pressure, its contribution being significantly higher in men (57%) than in women (46%). Finally, the genetic correlation between systolic and diastolic blood pressure was 0.74, indicating incomplete pleiotropy. Conclusion Genetic factors involved in the expression of blood pressure traits account for about 30% of the phenotypic variance, but seem to play a larger role in men; comorbidities and environmental factors remain of predominant importance, but seem to contribute much more in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginevra Biino
- Institute of Population Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, Sassari, Italy.
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Assessment of the association of matrix metalloproteinases with myopia, refractive error and ocular biometric measures in an Australian cohort. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47181. [PMID: 23077567 PMCID: PMC3471969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix proteins have been implicated in protein remodelling of the sclera in refractive error. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) falling into the collagenase (MMP1, MMP8, MMP13), gelatinase (MMP2, MMP9) and stromelysin (MMP3, MMP10, MMP11) functional groups are particularly important. We wished to assess their association with myopia, refractive error and ocular biometric measures in an Australian cohort. A total of 543 unrelated individuals of Caucasian ethnicity were genotyped including 269 myopes (≤−1.0D) and 274 controls (>−1.0D). Tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (n = 53) were chosen to encompass these eight MMPs. Association tests were performed using linear and logistic regression analysis with age and gender as covariates. Spherical equivalent, myopia, axial length, anterior chamber depth and corneal curvature were the phenotypes of interest. Initial findings indicated that the best p values for each trait were 0.02 for myopia at rs2274755 (MMP9), 0.02 for SE at both rs3740938 (MMP8) and rs131451 (MMP11), 0.01 for axial length at rs11225395 (MMP8), 0.01 for anterior chamber depth at rs498186 (MMP1) and 0.02 at rs10488 (MMP1). However, following correction for multiple testing, none of these SNPs remained statistically significant. Our data suggests that the MMPs in the collagenase, gelatinase and stromelysin categories do not appear to be associated with myopia, refractive error or ocular biometric measures in this cohort.
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Mishra A, Yazar S, Hewitt AW, Mountain JA, Ang W, Pennell CE, Martin NG, Montgomery GW, Hammond CJ, Young TL, Macgregor S, Mackey DA. Genetic variants near PDGFRA are associated with corneal curvature in Australians. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012; 53:7131-6. [PMID: 22969067 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-10489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Irregularity in the corneal curvature (CC) is highly associated with various eye disorders such as keratoconus and myopia. The sample had limited power to find genomewide significant (5 × 10(-8)) hits but good power for replication. Thus, an attempt was made to test whether alleles in the FRAP1 and PDGFRA genes, recently found to be associated with CC in Asian populations, also influence CC in Australians of North European ancestry. Results of initial genomewide association studies (GWAS) for CC in Australians were also reported. METHODS Two population-based cohorts of 1788 Australian twins and their families, as well as 1013 individuals from a birth cohort from Western Australia, were genotyped using genomewide arrays. Following separate individual analysis and quality control, the results from each cohort underwent meta-analysis. RESULTS Meta-analysis revealed significant replication of association between rs2114039 and corneal curvature (P = 0.0045). The SNP rs2114039 near PDGFRA has been previously implicated in Asians. No SNP at the FRAP1 locus was found to be associated in our Australian samples. No SNP surpassed the genomewide significance threshold of 5 × 10(-8). The SNP with strongest association was rs2444240 (P = 3.658 × 10(-7)), which is 31 kb upstream to the TRIM29 gene. CONCLUSIONS A significant role of the PDGFRA gene in determining corneal curvature in the Australian population was confirmed in this study, also highlighting the putative association of the TRIM29 locus with CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket Mishra
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia.
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20
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Zhu MM, Yap MKH, Ho DWH, Fung WY, Ng PW, Gu YS, Yip SP. Investigating the relationship between UMODL1 gene polymorphisms and high myopia: a case-control study in Chinese. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2012; 13:64. [PMID: 22857148 PMCID: PMC3489600 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-13-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background The UMODL1 gene was found to be associated with high myopia in Japanese. This study aimed to investigate this gene for association with high myopia in Chinese. Methods Two groups of unrelated Han Chinese from Hong Kong were recruited using the same criteria: Sample Set 1 comprising 356 controls (spherical equivalent, SE, within ±1 diopter or D) and 356 cases (SE ≤ −8D), and Sample Set 2 comprising 394 controls and 526 cases. Fifty-nine tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected and genotyped for Sample Set 1. Four SNPs were followed up with Sample Set 2. Both single-marker and haplotype analyses were performed with cases defined by different SE thresholds. Secondary phenotypes were also analyzed for association with genotypes. Results Data filtering left 57 SNPs for analysis. Single-marker analysis did not reveal any significant differences between cases and controls in the initial study. However, haplotype GCT for markers rs220168-rs220170-rs11911271 showed marginal significance (empirical P = 0.076; SE ≤ −12D for cases), but could not be replicated in the follow-up study. In contrast, non-synonymous SNP rs3819142 was associated with high myopia (SE ≤ −10D) in the follow-up study, but could not be confirmed using Sample Set 1. The SNP rs2839471, positive in the original Japanese study, gave negative results in all our analyses. Exploratory analysis of secondary phenotypes indicated that allele C of rs220120 was associated with anterior chamber depth (adjusted P = 0.0460). Conclusions Common UMODL1 polymorphisms were unlikely to be important in the genetic susceptibility to high myopia in Han Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-miao Zhu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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21
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Fan Q, Barathi VA, Cheng CY, Zhou X, Meguro A, Nakata I, Khor CC, Goh LK, Li YJ, Lim W, Ho CEH, Hawthorne F, Zheng Y, Chua D, Inoko H, Yamashiro K, Ohno-Matsui K, Matsuo K, Matsuda F, Vithana E, Seielstad M, Mizuki N, Beuerman RW, Tai ES, Yoshimura N, Aung T, Young TL, Wong TY, Teo YY, Saw SM. Genetic variants on chromosome 1q41 influence ocular axial length and high myopia. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002753. [PMID: 22685421 PMCID: PMC3369958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness, myopia poses a significant public health burden in Asia. The primary determinant of myopia is an elongated ocular axial length (AL). Here we report a meta-analysis of three genome-wide association studies on AL conducted in 1,860 Chinese adults, 929 Chinese children, and 2,155 Malay adults. We identified a genetic locus on chromosome 1q41 harboring the zinc-finger 11B pseudogene ZC3H11B showing genome-wide significant association with AL variation (rs4373767, β = -0.16 mm per minor allele, P(meta) =2.69 × 10(-10)). The minor C allele of rs4373767 was also observed to significantly associate with decreased susceptibility to high myopia (per-allele odds ratio (OR) =0.75, 95% CI: 0.68-0.84, P(meta) =4.38 × 10(-7)) in 1,118 highly myopic cases and 5,433 controls. ZC3H11B and two neighboring genes SLC30A10 and LYPLAL1 were expressed in the human neural retina, retinal pigment epithelium, and sclera. In an experimental myopia mouse model, we observed significant alterations to gene and protein expression in the retina and sclera of the unilateral induced myopic eyes for the murine genes ZC3H11A, SLC30A10, and LYPLAL1. This supports the likely role of genetic variants at chromosome 1q41 in influencing AL variation and high myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Fan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Veluchamy A. Barathi
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xin Zhou
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Akira Meguro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Isao Nakata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Inserm U.852, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chiea-Chuen Khor
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Molecular Epidemiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pediatrics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liang-Kee Goh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke–National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi-Ju Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical School, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Human Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Wan'e Lim
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Candice E. H. Ho
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Felicia Hawthorne
- Center for Human Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yingfeng Zheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel Chua
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hidetoshi Inoko
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Molecular Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamashiro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kyoko Ohno-Matsui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Inserm U.852, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eranga Vithana
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark Seielstad
- Institute for Human Genetics and Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Nobuhisa Mizuki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Roger W. Beuerman
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke–National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - E.-Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nagahisa Yoshimura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tin Aung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Terri L. Young
- Duke–National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Human Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Tien-Yin Wong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yik-Ying Teo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (S-MS); (Y-YT)
| | - Seang-Mei Saw
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke–National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (S-MS); (Y-YT)
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Wang L, Považay B, Chen YP, Hofer B, Drexler W, Guggenheim JA. Heritability of ocular component dimensions in mice phenotyped using depth-enhanced swept source optical coherence tomography. Exp Eye Res 2011; 93:482-90. [PMID: 21726551 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2011.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The range of genetic and genomic resources available makes the mouse a powerful model for the genetic dissection of complex traits. Because accurate, high-throughput phenotypic characterisation is crucial to the success of such endeavours, we recently developed an optical coherence tomography (OCT) system with extended depth range scanning capability for measuring ocular component dimensions in mice. In order to test whether the accuracy and reproducibility of our OCT system was sufficient for gene mapping studies, we carried out an experiment designed to estimate the heritability of mouse ocular component dimensions. High-resolution, two dimensional tomograms were obtained for both eyes of 11 pairs of 8 week-old outbred MF1 mice. Subsequently, images were obtained when their offspring were aged 8 weeks. Biometric data were extracted after image segmentation, reconstruction of the geometric shape of each surface, and calculation of intraocular distances. The repeatability of measurements was evaluated for 12 mice scanned on consecutive days. Heritability estimates were calculated using variance components analysis. Sets of tomograms took ∼2 s to acquire. Biometric data could be obtained for 98% of the 130 eyes scanned. The 95% limits of repeatability ranged from ±6 to ±16 μm for the axial ocular component dimensions. The heritability of the axial ocular components was 0.6-0.8, except for corneal thickness, which had a heritability not significantly different from zero. In conclusion, axial ocular component dimensions are highly heritable in mice, as they are in humans. OCT with extended depth range scanning can be used to rapidly phenotype individual mice with sufficient accuracy and precision to permit gene mapping studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4LU, Wales, UK
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23
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Han S, Chen P, Fan Q, Khor CC, Sim X, Tay WT, Ong RTH, Suo C, Goh LK, Lavanya R, Zheng Y, Wu R, Seielstad M, Vithana E, Liu J, Chia KS, Lee JJM, Tai ES, Wong TY, Aung T, Teo YY, Saw SM. Association of variants in FRAP1 and PDGFRA with corneal curvature in Asian populations from Singapore. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:3693-8. [PMID: 21665993 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal curvature (CC) is a key determinant of major eye diseases, such as keratoconus, myopia and corneal astigmatism. No prior studies have discovered the genes for CC. Here we report the findings from four genome-wide association studies of CC in 10 008 samples from three population groups in Singapore. Our discovery phase surveyed 2867 Chinese and 3072 Malays, allowing us to identify two loci that were associated with CC variation: FRAP1 on chromosome 1p36.2 and PDGFRA on chromosome 4q12. These findings were subsequently replicated in a validation study involving an additional 2953 Asian Indians and a further collection of 1116 Chinese children. The effect sizes of the identified variants were consistent across all four cohorts, with seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FRAP1 (lead SNP: rs17036350, meta P-value = 4.06 × 10(-13)) and six SNPs in PDGFRA (lead SNP: rs2114039, meta P-value = 1.33 × 10(-9)) attaining genome-wide significance in the SNP-based meta-analysis of the four studies. This is the first genome-wide survey of CC variation and we have identified two implicated loci in three genetically diverse Asian populations, suggesting the presence of common genetic etiology across multiple populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Han
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Blk S16, 6 Science Drive 2, 117546, Singapore
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Szalai E, Berta A, Németh G, Hassan Z, Módis L. Anterior Chamber Depth Measurements Obtained with Pentacam HR
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Imaging System and Conventional A-Scan Ultrasound. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2011; 42:248-53. [DOI: 10.3928/15428877-20110210-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sanfilippo PG, Hewitt AW, Hammond CJ, Mackey DA. The heritability of ocular traits. Surv Ophthalmol 2010; 55:561-83. [PMID: 20851442 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2010.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Revised: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heritability is the proportion of phenotypic variation in a population that is attributable to genetic variation among individuals. Many ophthalmic disorders and biometric traits are known to have a genetic basis and consequently much work has been published in the literature estimating the heritability of various ocular parameters. We collated and summarized the findings of heritability studies conducted in the field of ophthalmology. We grouped the various studies broadly by phenotype as follows: refraction, primary open-angle glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), cataract, diabetic retinopathy, and others. A total of 82 articles were retrieved from the literature relating to estimation of heritability for an ocular disease or biometric trait; of these, 37 papers were concerned with glaucoma, 28 with refraction, 4 with AMD, 5 with diabetic retinopathy, and 4 with cataract. The highest reported heritability for an ophthalmic trait is 0.99 for the phenotype ≥ 20 small hard drusen, indicating that observed variation in this parameter is largely governed by genetic factors. Over 60% of the studies employed a twin study design and a similar percentage utilized variance components methods and structural equation modeling (SEM) to derive their heritability values. Using modern SEM techniques, heritability estimates derived from twin subjects were generally higher than those from family data. Many of the estimates are in the moderate to high range, but to date the majority of genetic variants accounting for these findings have not been uncovered, hence much work remains to be undertaken to elucidate fully their molecular etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Sanfilippo
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
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Baird PN, Schäche M, Dirani M. The GEnes in Myopia (GEM) study in understanding the aetiology of refractive errors. Prog Retin Eye Res 2010; 29:520-42. [PMID: 20576483 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Refractive errors represent the leading cause of correctable vision impairment and blindness in the world with an estimated 2 billion people affected. Refractive error refers to a group of refractive conditions including hypermetropia, myopia, astigmatism and presbyopia but relatively little is known about their aetiology. In order to explore the potential role of genetic determinants in refractive error the "GEnes in Myopia (GEM) study" was established in 2004. The findings that have resulted from this study have not only provided greater insight into the role of genes and other factors involved in myopia but have also gone some way to uncovering the aetiology of other refractive errors. This review will describe some of the major findings of the GEM study and their relative contribution to the literature, illuminate where the deficiencies are in our understanding of the development of refractive errors and how we will advance this field in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Baird
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Wojciechowski R, Bailey-Wilson JE, Stambolian D. Association of matrix metalloproteinase gene polymorphisms with refractive error in Amish and Ashkenazi families. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010; 51:4989-95. [PMID: 20484597 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.10-5474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are involved in scleral extracellular matrix remodeling and have shown differential expression in experimental myopia. The genetic association of refractive error and polymorphisms in MMP and TIMP genes in Old Order Amish (AMISH) and Ashkenazi Jewish (ASHK) families was investigated. METHODS Individuals from 55 AMISH and 63 ASHK families participated in the study. Ascertainment was designed to enrich the families for myopia; the mean spherical equivalent (MSE) refractive error (SD) was -1.61 (2.72) D in the AMISH, and -3.56 (3.32) D in the ASHK. One hundred forty-six common haplotype tagging SNPs covering 14 MMP and 4 TIMP genes were genotyped in 358 AMISH and 535 ASHK participants. Association analyses of MSE and the spherical component of refraction (SPH) were performed separately for the AMISH and the ASHK. Bonferroni-corrected significance thresholds and local false discovery rates were used to account for multiple testing. RESULTS After they were filtered for quality-control, 127 SNPs were included in the analyses. No polymorphisms showed statistically significant association to refraction in the ASHK (minimum P = 0.0132). In AMISH, two SNPs showed evidence of association with refractive phenotypes: rs1939008 (P = 0.00016 for SPH); and rs9928731 (P = 0.00026 for SPH). These markers were each estimated to explain <5% of the variance of SPH in the AMISH sample. CONCLUSIONS Statistically significant genetic associations of ocular refraction to polymorphisms near MMP1 and within MMP2 were identified in the AMISH but not among the ASHK families. The results suggest that the MMP1 and MMP2 genes are involved in refractive variation in the AMISH. Genetic and/or environmental heterogeneity most likely contribute to differences in association results between ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wojciechowski
- Inherited Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA.
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Vitart V, Bencić G, Hayward C, Herman JS, Huffman J, Campbell S, Bućan K, Zgaga L, Kolcić I, Polasek O, Campbell H, Wright A, Vatavuk Z, Rudan I. Heritabilities of ocular biometrical traits in two croatian isolates with extended pedigrees. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010; 51:737-43. [PMID: 19875653 PMCID: PMC2868464 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.09-3720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Revised: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the effects of body stature and years of education, in addition to age and sex, on six oculometric traits and to estimate the heritabilities of these quantitative traits in two Croatian cross-population studies. METHODS Adult subjects living on the two Croatian islands of Vis and Korcula were recruited for a large epidemiologic and genetic study that included eye biometry, keratometry, and autorefraction. Effects and heritabilities were estimated by using general linear mixed models for axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), corneal curvature (CC), corneal thickness (CT), lens thickness (LT), and spherical equivalent refraction (SER). Both cohorts were genotyped with dense SNP arrays, allowing the use of kinship coefficients derived from genotypic data (realized kinship) rather than from pedigree information (expected kinship). RESULTS Across cohorts, body mass index (BMI) did not consistently influence any of the ocular traits adjusted for age and/or sex, whereas height and years in education (YrEd) did, explaining up to an additional 5% of the variance (in CC). CT was the trait least influenced by covariates. Estimated heritabilities in Vis and Korcula, respectively, were 84% and 52% for CC, 75% and 71% for CT, 37% and 32% for LT, 59% and 45% for ACD, 37% and 74% for AL, and 0% and 17% for SER. CONCLUSIONS While heritabilities of CT and CC seemed uniformly high across studies of Caucasian datasets, estimates for SER varied widely and were at the lower end of the spectrum of published observations in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronique Vitart
- MRC (Medical Research Council) Human Genetics Unit, IGMM (Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine), Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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Veerappan S, Pertile KK, Islam AFM, Schäche M, Chen CY, Mitchell P, Dirani M, Baird PN. Role of the hepatocyte growth factor gene in refractive error. Ophthalmology 2009; 117:239-45.e1-2. [PMID: 20005573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2008] [Revised: 07/01/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Refractive errors such as myopia and hypermetropia are among the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide. Several genetic loci have been associated with myopia but none to date have been reported for hypermetropia. We investigated the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) as a candidate gene influencing these 2 refractive error states. DESIGN Case-control study. PARTICIPANTS A total of 551 individuals (193 males, 358 females; mean age, 55.41+/-12.65 years) including 117 individuals with high myopia <or= -6.00 diopters (D), 140 individuals with low/moderate myopia (-2.00 to -5.99 D), 148 emmetropic individuals (-0.50 to +0.75 D) and 146 hyperopic individuals (>+2.00 D) were included in the analysis from 3 different Australian population cohorts (The Genes in Myopia Study, the Blue Mountains Eye Study, and the Melbourne Visual impairment project). METHODS Genotyping of 9 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that encompassed the entire HGF gene and its associated sequences as well as 6 additional SNPs identified through DNA resequencing was undertaken. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Genetic association with refraction. RESULTS After correction for multiple testing, the SNPs rs12536657 (odds ratio [OR], 5.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14-26.76) and rs5745718 (OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.30-3.85) showed significant association with hypermetropia. Whereas the SNPs rs1743 (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.19-3.43; P = .009), rs4732402 (OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.23-3.36; P = 0.005), rs12536657 (OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.40-4.05; P = 0.001), rs10272030 (OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.31-3.75; P = 0.003), and rs9642131 (OR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.43-4.14; P = 0.001) showed significant association with low/moderate myopia. CONCLUSIONS These findings present the HGF gene as the first gene significantly associated with hypermetropia as well as providing evidence of significant association with myopia in a second ethnic population. In addition, it provides insights into the important biological mechanisms that regulate human ocular development (emmetropization), which are currently poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundar Veerappan
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Australia
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30
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Vatavuk Z, Skunca Herman J, Bencić G, Andrijević Derk B, Lacmanović Loncar V, Petric Vicković I, Bucan K, Mandić K, Mandić A, Skegro I, Pavicić Astalos J, Merc I, Martinović M, Kralj P, Knezević T, Barać-Juretić K, Zgaga L. Common variant in myocilin gene is associated with high myopia in isolated population of Korcula Island, Croatia. Croat Med J 2009; 50:17-22. [PMID: 19260140 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2009.50.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the association between genetic variants in myocilin and collagen type I alpha 1 genes and high myopia in an isolated island population. METHODS A total of 944 examinees from the genetic epidemiology study conducted on the island of Korcula, Croatia, were included in the study. We selected 2 short nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) available in our genome-wide scan set of SNPs that were previously associated with high myopia and used them to replicate previous claims of possible association. RESULTS Nineteen cases of high myopia, defined as the refraction of </=-6.00 diopters, were identified and included in the analysis. We showed that rs2075555 in the COL1A1 gene was not associated with high myopia. In contrast, rs2421853 in the myocilin gene was significantly associated in both bivariate (P=0.006) and age- and sex-adjusted analysis (P=0.049). CONCLUSION Myocilin seems to be a very strong candidate for explaining some of the pathophysiological pathways leading to the development of both glaucoma and high myopia. As our finding was obtained in a relatively under-powered sample, further research and replication of these results is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Vatavuk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sisters of Mercy University Hospital, Vinogradska 29, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Klein AP, Suktitipat B, Duggal P, Lee KE, Klein R, Bailey-Wilson JE, Klein BEK. Heritability analysis of spherical equivalent, axial length, corneal curvature, and anterior chamber depth in the Beaver Dam Eye Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 127:649-55. [PMID: 19433716 DOI: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2009.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine genetic influences for quantitative refraction. Spherical equivalent and its related binary traits of myopia and hyperopia are highly correlated within families. Many linkage regions have been reported for myopia, high myopia, and quantitative refraction. However, the measured phenotype of spherical equivalent is in large part dictated by the relationship between the underlying optical components of axial length, corneal curvature, and anterior chamber depth. METHODS Using data from the fourth visit of the Beaver Dam Eye Study, we conducted familial correlation and heritability analysis of quantitative spherical equivalent, axial length, anterior chamber depth, and corneal curvature using data from 715 individuals in 189 pedigrees. RESULTS Overall, every trait was highly heritable. Heritability estimates were 0.58 (SE 0.13) for spherical equivalent after adjustment for age, education, and nuclear sclerosis; 0.95 (SE 0.11) for corneal curvature after adjustment for height; 0.67 (SE 0.14) for axial length after adjustment for height and education; and 0.78 (SE 0.14) for anterior chamber depth after adjustment for age, education, height, and nuclear sclerosis. CONCLUSION Refraction and the underlying traits of axial length, corneal curvature, and anterior chamber depth are highly heritable. Genetic analysis of these traits may provide greater insight into the development of refractive errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison P Klein
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
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Abstract
Myopia, or nearsightedness, is the most common human eye disorder in the world, and is a significant global public health concern. Along with cataract, macular degeneration, infectious disease, and vitamin A deficiency, myopia is one of the most important causes of visual impairment worldwide. Severe or high-grade myopia is a leading cause of blindness because of its associated ocular morbidities of retinal detachment, macular choroidal degeneration, premature cataract, and glaucoma. Ample evidence documents the heritability of the non-syndromic forms of this condition, especially for high-grade myopia, commonly referred to as myopic spherical refractive power of 5 to 6 diopters or higher. Multiple high-grade myopia genetic loci have been identified, and confirmatory studies identifying high-grade and moderate myopia loci have also occurred. In general, myopia susceptibility genes are unknown with few association studies performed, and without confirmation in other research laboratories or testing of separate patient cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri L Young
- Department of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics, The Duke Eye Center and the Center for Human Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
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Sherwin JC, Hewitt AW, Ruddle JB, Mackey DA. Genetic isolates in ophthalmic diseases. Ophthalmic Genet 2008; 29:149-61. [PMID: 19005985 DOI: 10.1080/13816810802334341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, noteworthy gains have been made in unravelling the genetic contribution to some complex ocular diseases, principally age-related macular degeneration. Yet, a relatively poor understanding of the genetic aetiology for many other heritable blinding diseases, such as glaucoma, keratoconus and myopia, remains. Genetic isolates, populations with varying degrees of geographical or cultural seclusion, provide an effective means for investigating the molecular mechanisms involved in human diseases. This is particularly true for rare diseases in which founded alleles can be rapidly driven to a high frequency due to restriction of gene flow in the population. Recent success in complex gene mapping has resulted from the widened linkage disequilibrium (LD) in the genome of genetically isolated populations. An improved understanding of the predisposing genetic risk factors allows for enhanced screening modalities and paves the foundations for the translation of genomic technology into the clinic. This review focuses on the role population isolates have had in the investigation of genes underlying complex eye diseases and discusses their likely usefulness given the expansion of large-scale case-control association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Sherwin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, elbourne, Australia
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Ciner E, Wojciechowski R, Ibay G, Bailey-Wilson JE, Stambolian D. Genomewide scan of ocular refraction in African-American families shows significant linkage to chromosome 7p15. Genet Epidemiol 2008; 32:454-63. [PMID: 18293391 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.20318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Refractive development is influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Genetic studies have identified several regions of linkage to ocular refraction, but none have been carried out in African-derived populations. We performed quantitative trait locus linkage analyses in African-American (AA) families to identify genomic regions responsible for refraction. We recruited 493 AA individuals in 96 families to participate in the Myopia Family Study. Genotyping of 387 microsatellite markers was performed on 398 participants. The mean refraction among genotyped individuals was -2.87 D (SD=3.58) and myopia of at least 1 D was present in 267 (68%) participants. Multipoint, regression-based, linkage analyses were carried out on a logarithmic transformation of ocular refraction using the statistical package MERLIN-REGRESS. Empirical significance levels were determined via 4,898 whole-genome gene-dropping simulations. Linkage analyses were repeated after clustering families into two subgroups based on admixture proportions as determined by the software package STRUCTURE. Genomewide significant linkage was seen at 47 cM on chromosome 7 (logarithm of the odds ratio (LOD)=5.87, P=0.00005). In addition, three regions on chromosomes 2p, 3p and 10p showed suggestive evidence of linkage (LOD>2, P<0.005) for ocular refraction. We mapped the first quantitative trait locus for ocular refraction in an AA population to chr.7p15. Two previous studies in European-derived families reported some evidence of linkage to a nearby region, suggesting that this region may contain polymorphisms that mediate refraction across populations. The genomic region under our linkage peak spans approximately 17 Mb and contains approximately 170 genes. Further refinement of this region will be pursued in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Ciner
- The Eye Institute of the Pennsylvania College of Optometry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Tang WC, Yap MKH, Yip SP. A review of current approaches to identifying human genes involved in myopia. Clin Exp Optom 2008; 91:4-22. [PMID: 18045248 DOI: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2007.00181.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of myopia is high in many parts of the world, particularly among the Orientals such as Chinese and Japanese. Like other complex diseases such as diabetes and hypertension, myopia is likely to be caused by both genetic and environmental factors, and possibly their interactions. Owing to multiple genes with small effects, genetic heterogeneity and phenotypic complexity, the study of the genetics of myopia poses a complex challenge. This paper reviews the current approaches to the genetic analysis of complex diseases and how these can be applied to the identification of genes that predispose humans to myopia. These approaches include parametric linkage analysis, non-parametric linkage analysis like allele-sharing methods and genetic association studies. Basic concepts, advantages and disadvantages of these approaches are discussed and explained using examples from the literature on myopia. Microsatellites and single nucleotide polymorphisms are common genetic markers in the human genome and are indispensable tools for gene mapping. High throughput genotyping of millions of such markers has become feasible and efficient with recent technological advances. In turn, this makes the identification of myopia susceptibility genes a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Chun Tang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Paget S, Vitezica ZG, Malecaze F, Calvas P. Heritability of refractive value and ocular biometrics. Exp Eye Res 2008; 86:290-5. [PMID: 18160066 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2007.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2007] [Revised: 10/24/2007] [Accepted: 11/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Paget
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, INSERM, U563, Toulouse, France
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Zhu G, Hewitt AW, Ruddle JB, Kearns LS, Brown SA, Mackinnon JR, Chen CY, Hammond CJ, Craig JE, Montgomery GW, Martin NG, Mackey DA. Genetic dissection of myopia: evidence for linkage of ocular axial length to chromosome 5q. Ophthalmology 2007; 115:1053-1057.e2. [PMID: 17964656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Revised: 08/07/2007] [Accepted: 08/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To estimate heritability and locate quantitative trait loci influencing axial length. DESIGN Classic twin study of monozygotic and dizygotic twins reared together. PARTICIPANTS Eight hundred ninety-three individuals from 460 families were recruited through the Twin Eye Study in Tasmania and the Brisbane Adolescent Twin Study (BATS) and had ocular axial length measured. METHODS Structural equation modeling on the entire sample was used to estimate genetic and environmental components of variation in axial length. Analysis of existing microsatellite marker genomewide linkage scan data was performed on 318 individuals from 142 BATS families. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Ocular axial length. RESULTS The heritability estimate for axial length, adjusted for age and sex, in the full sample was 0.81. The highest multipoint logarithm of the odds (LOD) score observed was 3.40 (genomewide P = 0.0004), on chromosome 5q (at 98 centimorgans [cM]). Additional regions with suggestive multipoint LOD scores were also identified on chromosome 6 (LOD scores, 2.13 at 76 cM and 2.05 at 83 cM), chromosome 10 (LOD score, 2.03 at 131 cM), and chromosome 14 (LOD score, 2.84 at 97 cM). CONCLUSION Axial length, a major endophenotype for refractive error, is highly heritable and is likely to be influenced by one or more genes on the long arm of chromosome 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gu Zhu
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia.
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38
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Cagigrigoriu A, Gregori D, Cortassa F, Catena F, Marra A. Heritability of Corneal Curvature and Astigmatism. Cornea 2007; 26:907-12. [PMID: 17721286 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0b013e318094ffed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study child-parent similarities and the heritability of corneal shape by applying a variance component model to videokeratographic data. METHODS Sixteen astigmatic (keratometric cylinder >/= 1.0 D) and 18 nonastigmatic (keratometric cylinder < 1.0 D) children, 7-14 years of age (mean age, 9.5 years), were enrolled with their parents. Corneal curvature, corneal astigmatism (axis and magnitude), asphericity, corneal uniformity index, and Rabinowitz McDonnell inferior-superior dioptric asymmetry value (I-S value), as well as spherical and astigmatic topographic patterns, were determined by a corneal topographer. Child-parent comparisons were assessed through a 1-way analysis of variance and the chi test. For corneal curvature, corneal astigmatism, and asphericity, heritability was estimated by a variance component model after adjustments were made for age and sex. RESULTS Both astigmatic and nonastigmatic children showed steeper keratometric values than their parents (P < 0.05). The axis values of corneal astigmatism showed no statistically significant difference (P = 0.684) between astigmatic offspring and their parents, whereas the magnitude values were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in astigmatic children. Altogether, 68% (95% confidence interval [CI], 66%-72%) of child-parent comparisons showed the same topographic pattern between parents and their offspring. Heritability values (48%; 95% CI, 36%-57%) were statistically significant for corneal curvature (P < 0.00001) and <30% for corneal astigmatism and asphericity. CONCLUSIONS The application of a variance component model to videokeratographic child-parent comparisons suggests that the genetic contribution to corneal shape affects corneal curvature rather than corneal astigmatism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cagigrigoriu
- Department of Ophthalmology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Turin University, Turin, Italy.
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Pan L, Ober C, Abney M. Heritability estimation of sex-specific effects on human quantitative traits. Genet Epidemiol 2007; 31:338-47. [PMID: 17323368 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.20214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that sex-specific genetic architecture could be because of the effects of autosomal genes that are differentially expressed in males and females. Yet, few studies have explored the effects of X-linked genes on sex-specific genetic architecture. In this study, we extended the variance component, maximum likelihood method to evaluate the relative contributions of sex-specific effects on both autosomes and the X chromosome to estimates of heritability of 20 quantitative human phenotypes in the Hutterites. Seventeen of these traits were previously analyzed in this population under a model that did not include X chromosomal effects; three traits are analyzed for the first time (age at menarche, percent fat and fat-free mass [FFM]). Seven traits (systolic blood pressure (SBP), adult height, fasting insulin, triglycerides, lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], serotonin, and age at menarche) showed significant X-linked effects; three of these (SBP, adult height, and triglycerides) showed X-linked effects only in males. Four traits (Lp(a), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, ratio of percent predicted forced expiratory volume at 1 s/forced vital capacity, and FFM) showed significant sex-environment interactions, and two traits (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and FFM) showed significant sex-specific autosomal effects. Our analyses demonstrate that sex-specific genetic effects may not only be common in human quantitative traits, but also that the X chromosome both plays a large role in these effects and has a variable influence between the sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Pan
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, 920 East 58th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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40
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Miller GF, Penke L. The evolution of human intelligence and the coefficient of additive genetic variance in human brain size. INTELLIGENCE 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2006.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chen CYC, Scurrah KJ, Stankovich J, Garoufalis P, Dirani M, Pertile KK, Richardson AJ, Mitchell P, Baird PN. Heritability and shared environment estimates for myopia and associated ocular biometric traits: the Genes in Myopia (GEM) family study. Hum Genet 2007; 121:511-20. [PMID: 17205325 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-006-0312-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2006] [Accepted: 12/01/2006] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To examine the familial correlations, heritability (h(2)) and common environmental components (c(2)) of myopia and ocular biometric traits (all treated as continuous outcomes) in families collected through the Genes in Myopia (GEM) family study in Australia. A total of 132 pedigrees (723 participants) were recruited for this study. All individuals completed a risk factor questionnaire and underwent a detailed eye examination including spherical equivalent (SphE) and ocular biometric measurements of axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and corneal curvature (CC). Familial correlations were calculated and h(2) and c(2) were estimated using a variance component model that assumes a multivariate t distribution within each pedigree. Two definitions of common environments (c(2)) were considered: nuclear family (current) shared environment (Model 1) and sib-ship (childhood) shared environment (Model 2). Population ascertainment adjustment was performed using the Blue Mountains eye study dataset. The trends observed for familial correlations suggested that SphE is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors whereas AL, ACD and CC are predominantly genetically determined. This was largely confirmed by variance components modelling. Heritability estimates (adjusted for age, sex and years of education) from the best fitting ACE model (Model 2, childhood shared environment) were 0.50 +/- 0.05 for SphE, 0.73 +/- 0.04 for AL, 0.78 +/- 0.04 for ACD and 0.16 +/- 0.06 for CC. Childhood environmental effects were significant with c(2) estimated to be 0.33 +/- 0.04 for SphE, 0.06 +/- 0.03 for AL, 0.22 +/- 0.04 for ACD and 0.10 +/- 0.05 for CC. Age was associated with SphE, total years of education was associated with AL and sex was associated with all traits studied. We used a novel and conservative approach to account for and estimate common environmental effects by specifying either nuclear family or sib-ship environment when estimating heritability estimates and showed that all traits examined (SphE, AL, ACD and CC) are heritable, thus reflecting a genetic component. These traits therefore all represent candidates for quantitative trait linkage analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Yi-Chin Chen
- Ocular Genetics Unit, Eye Research Australia, The University of Melbourne, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia.
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Zhang Q, Guo X, Xiao X, Jia X, Li S, Hejtmancik JF. Novel locus for X linked recessive high myopia maps to Xq23-q25 but outside MYP1. J Med Genet 2006; 43:e20. [PMID: 16648373 PMCID: PMC2564525 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2005.037853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High myopia is a common genetic variation in most cases, affecting 1-2% of people, and is the fourth most common disorder causing blindness worldwide. Six autosomal dominant loci and one X-linked recessive locus have been reported, but no genes responsible for high myopia have been identified. OBJECTIVE To report a Chinese family in which six males presented with high myopia consistent with an X linked recessive trait. RESULTS Affected individuals shared three common features: high myopia, reduced visual acuity, and fundal changes of high myopia. Protan and deutan were observed in the family, but they did not co-segregate with the high myopia phenotype. X-chromosome-wide linkage analysis mapped the high myopia locus to a 25 cM (14.9 Mb) region on Xq23-q25 between DXS1210 and DXS8057, with maximum two point lod scores at theta = 0 of 2.75 and 2.29 for DXS1001 and DXS8059, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This new myopia locus is outside the linked region of the first high myopia locus (MYP1). Refinement of the linkage region with additional families and screening candidate genes for mutation may lead to the identification of the defect gene.
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Wojciechowski R, Moy C, Ciner E, Ibay G, Reider L, Bailey-Wilson JE, Stambolian D. Genomewide scan in Ashkenazi Jewish families demonstrates evidence of linkage of ocular refraction to a QTL on chromosome 1p36. Hum Genet 2006; 119:389-99. [PMID: 16501916 PMCID: PMC3123998 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-006-0153-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2005] [Accepted: 01/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The development of refractive error is mediated by both environmental and genetic factors. We performed regression-based quantitative trait locus (QTL) linkage analysis on Ashkenazi Jewish families to identify regions in the genome responsible for ocular refraction. We measured refractive error on individuals in 49 multi-generational American families of Ashkenazi Jewish descent. The average family size was 11.1 individuals and was composed of 2.7 generations. Recruitment criteria specified that each family contain at least two myopic members. The mean spherical equivalent refractive error in the sample was -3.46D (SD=3.29) and 87% of individuals were myopic. Microsatellite genotyping with 387 markers was performed on 411 individuals. We performed multipoint regression-based linkage analysis for ocular refraction and a log transformation of the trait using the statistical package Merlin-Regress. Empirical genomewide significance levels were estimated through gene-dropping simulations by generating random genotypes at each of the 387 markers in 200 replicates of our pedigrees. Maximum LOD scores of 9.5 for ocular refraction and 8.7 for log-transformed refraction (LTR) were observed at 49.1 cM on chromosome 1p36 between markers D1S552 and D1S1622. The empirical genomewide significance levels were P=0.065 for ocular refraction and P<0.005 for LTR, providing strong evidence for linkage of refraction to this locus. The inter-marker region containing the peak spans 11 Mb and contains approximately 189 genes. CONCLUSION We found genomewide significant evidence for linkage of refractive error to a novel QTL on chromosome 1p36 in an Ashkenazi Jewish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wojciechowski
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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