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Lang R, Hogan B, Zhu J, McArthur K, Lee J, Zandi P, Nestadt P, Silverberg MJ, Parcesepe AM, Cook JA, Gill MJ, Grelotti D, Closson K, Lima VD, Goulet J, Horberg MA, Gebo KA, Camoens RM, Rebeiro PF, Nijhawan AE, McGinnis K, Eron J, Althoff KN. The prevalence of mental health disorders in people with HIV and the effects on the HIV care continuum. AIDS 2023; 37:259-269. [PMID: 36541638 PMCID: PMC9782734 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of diagnosed depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia in people with HIV (PWH) and the differences in HIV care continuum outcomes in those with and without mental health disorders (MHDs). DESIGN Observational study of participants in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design. METHODS PWH (≥18 years) contributed data on prevalent schizophrenia, anxiety, depressive, and bipolar disorders from 2008 to 2018 based on International Classification of Diseases code mapping. Mental health (MH) multimorbidity was defined as having two or more MHD. Log binomial models with generalized estimating equations estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and 95% confidence intervals for retention in care (≥1 visit/year) and viral suppression (HIV RNA ≤200 copies/ml) by presence vs. absence of each MHD between 2016 and 2018. RESULTS Among 122 896 PWH, 67 643 (55.1%) were diagnosed with one or more MHD: 39% with depressive disorders, 28% with anxiety disorders, 10% with bipolar disorder, and 5% with schizophrenia. The prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders increased between 2008 and 2018, whereas bipolar disorder and schizophrenia remained stable. MH multimorbidity affected 24% of PWH. From 2016 to 2018 (N = 64 684), retention in care was marginally lower among PWH with depression or anxiety, however those with MH multimorbidity were more likely to be retained in care. PWH with bipolar disorder had marginally lower prevalence of viral suppression (aPR = 0.98 [0.98-0.99]) as did PWH with MH multimorbidity (aPR = 0.99 [0.99-1.00]) compared with PWH without MHD. CONCLUSION The prevalence of MHD among PWH was high, including MH multimorbidity. Although retention and viral suppression were similar to people without MHD, viral suppression was lower in those with bipolar disorder and MH multimorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raynell Lang
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Brenna Hogan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiafeng Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore
| | - Kristen McArthur
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore
| | - Jennifer Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter Zandi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Paul Nestadt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael J Silverberg
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Angela M Parcesepe
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health and the Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Judith A Cook
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - M John Gill
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - David Grelotti
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kalysha Closson
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia
| | - Viviane D Lima
- University of British Columbia & BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joseph Goulet
- Yale School of Medicine & VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Michael A Horberg
- Mid-Atlantic Permanente Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Mid-Atlantic States, Rockville
| | - Kelly A Gebo
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Peter F Rebeiro
- Departments of Medicine & Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ank E Nijhawan
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kathleen McGinnis
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Joseph Eron
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Keri N Althoff
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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von Berg J, ten Dam M, van der Laan SW, de Ridder J. PolarMorphism enables discovery of shared genetic variants across multiple traits from GWAS summary statistics. Bioinformatics 2022; 38:i212-i219. [PMID: 35758773 PMCID: PMC9235478 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btac228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Pleiotropic SNPs are associated with multiple traits. Such SNPs can help pinpoint biological processes with an effect on multiple traits or point to a shared etiology between traits. We present PolarMorphism, a new method for the identification of pleiotropic SNPs from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics. PolarMorphism can be readily applied to more than two traits or whole trait domains. PolarMorphism makes use of the fact that trait-specific SNP effect sizes can be seen as Cartesian coordinates and can thus be converted to polar coordinates r (distance from the origin) and theta (angle with the Cartesian x-axis, in the case of two traits). r describes the overall effect of a SNP, while theta describes the extent to which a SNP is shared. r and theta are used to determine the significance of SNP sharedness, resulting in a P-value per SNP that can be used for further analysis. RESULTS We apply PolarMorphism to a large collection of publicly available GWAS summary statistics enabling the construction of a pleiotropy network that shows the extent to which traits share SNPs. We show how PolarMorphism can be used to gain insight into relationships between traits and trait domains and contrast it with genetic correlation. Furthermore, pathway analysis of the newly discovered pleiotropic SNPs demonstrates that analysis of more than two traits simultaneously yields more biologically relevant results than the combined results of pairwise analysis of the same traits. Finally, we show that PolarMorphism is more efficient and more powerful than previously published methods. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION code: https://github.com/UMCUGenetics/PolarMorphism, results: 10.5281/zenodo.5844193. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna von Berg
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle ten Dam
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander W van der Laan
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen de Ridder
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Burygina LA, Orlov VA, Zhilenkova AV, Makaryan DE, Khannanova AN, Orlova AS, Akarachkova ES. [Social, demographic and clinical characteristics of female patients with schizophrenia and HIV]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2021; 121:31-37. [PMID: 33580758 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202112101131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate social, demographic and clinical characteristics of women with schizophrenia and HIV. MATERIAL AND METHODS Medical histories of patients who were in inpatient treatment during 2017 were retrospectively studied. A total of 174 medical histories were analyzed, but the final analysis included 40 HIV-infected patients (main groups) and 48 patients without HIV infection (comparison group). These groups included patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or acute polymorphic psychotic disorder. All patients with HIV infection were examined by a specialist and an immunological analysis was performed. Correlation analysis was performed between quantitative clinical indicators (duration of illness, number of hospitalizations, the number and duration of remissions, etc.) and immunological parameters. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Patients with schizophrenia and HIV infection are more often hospitalized and stay in the hospital longer than patients with schizophrenia without HIV infection, which may in part be determined by the social problems of this cohort of patients. There is a relationship between individual indicators of the immune status of the patients, the duration and some features of the course of mental illness. Regular treatment of HIV infection correlates with a lower frequency of hospitalizations in a psychiatric hospital due to an exacerbation of the mental state.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Burygina
- Gannushkin Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No. 4, Moscow, Russia
| | - V A Orlov
- Gannushkin Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No. 4, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Zhilenkova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - D E Makaryan
- Gannushkin Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No. 4, Moscow, Russia
| | - A N Khannanova
- Gilyarovsky Psychiatric Hospital - branch of Gannushkin Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No. 4, Moscow, Russia
| | - A S Orlova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - E S Akarachkova
- International Society of Stress «Stress under control», Moscow, Russia
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4
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Liang CS, Bai YM, Hsu JW, Huang KL, Ko NY, Chu HT, Yeh TC, Tsai SJ, Chen TJ, Chen MH. The Risk of Sexually Transmitted Infections Following First-Episode Schizophrenia Among Adolescents and Young Adults: A Cohort Study of 220 545 Subjects. Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:795-803. [PMID: 32060532 PMCID: PMC7344918 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbz126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Young people are disproportionately affected by sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The risk of STIs in young people following first-episode schizophrenia is unknown. This study using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database enrolled 44 109 adolescents and young adults with first-episode schizophrenia and 176 436 age- and sex-matched controls without schizophrenia from 2001 through 2009 and followed to the end of 2011. New-onset STIs were identified. Survival analysis was performed. Cox regression analysis was used to examine the effects of comorbid substance use disorder (SUD), schizophrenia medications, and schizophrenia severity. The E value for causality of evidence was calculated. We found that young people had a higher risk of STIs following first-episode schizophrenia compared with controls without schizophrenia (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.35, 95% CI = 2.08-2.64); these STIs included human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (3.70, 2.60-5.28) and syphilis (5.35, 3.96-7.23). They also showed a disproportionate distribution of STIs, with an increased proportion of syphilis (20.4% vs 8.2%) and HIV (9.1% vs 6.0%). When presenting with SUD, the risks of HIV (11.00, 7.02-17.25) and syphilis (9.11, 6.16-13.47) were further increased. The severe schizophrenia group had an extremely high risk of syphilis (41.26, 27.69-61.47) and HIV (7.50, 3.85-14.62). Schizophrenia medications may provide beneficial effects against contracting STIs (0.77, 0.68-0.89). We concluded that following first-episode schizophrenia, young patients are at higher risk of STIs, particularly HIV and syphilis. The risk further increased when subjects presented with SUD or severe schizophrenia. Importantly, antipsychotic treatment may lower the risk of STIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Sung Liang
- Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Mei Bai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Wei Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Lin Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Ying Ko
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Te Chu
- Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Chuan Yeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzeng-Ji Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Shih-Pai Road, Sec. 2, 11217 Taipei, Taiwan; tel: 886-2-28344012, fax: 886-2-28344012, e-mail:
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5
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Block J. High risk genotypes for schizophrenia may have been adaptive in the context of smallpox. Med Hypotheses 2020; 137:109556. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Nudel R, Wang Y, Appadurai V, Schork AJ, Buil A, Agerbo E, Bybjerg-Grauholm J, Børglum AD, Daly MJ, Mors O, Hougaard DM, Mortensen PB, Werge T, Nordentoft M, Thompson WK, Benros ME. A large-scale genomic investigation of susceptibility to infection and its association with mental disorders in the Danish population. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:283. [PMID: 31712607 PMCID: PMC6848113 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0622-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections and mental disorders are two of the major global disease burdens. While correlations between mental disorders and infections have been reported, the possible genetic links between them have not been assessed in large-scale studies. Moreover, the genetic basis of susceptibility to infection is largely unknown, as large-scale genome-wide association studies of susceptibility to infection have been lacking. We utilized a large Danish population-based sample (N = 65,534) linked to nationwide population-based registers to investigate the genetic architecture of susceptibility to infection (heritability estimation, polygenic risk analysis, and a genome-wide association study (GWAS)) and examined its association with mental disorders (comorbidity analysis and genetic correlation). We found strong links between having at least one psychiatric diagnosis and the occurrence of infection (P = 2.16 × 10-208, OR = 1.72). The SNP heritability of susceptibility to infection ranged from ~2 to ~7% in samples of differing psychiatric diagnosis statuses (suggesting the environment as a major contributor to susceptibility), and polygenic risk scores moderately but significantly explained infection status in an independent sample. We observed a genetic correlation of 0.496 (P = 2.17 × 10-17) between a diagnosis of infection and a psychiatric diagnosis. While our GWAS did not identify genome-wide significant associations, we found 90 suggestive (P ≤ 10-5) associations for susceptibility to infection. Our findings suggest a genetic component in susceptibility to infection and indicate that the occurrence of infections in individuals with mental illness may be in part genetically driven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Nudel
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus V, Denmark
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus V, Denmark
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vivek Appadurai
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus V, Denmark
| | - Andrew J Schork
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus V, Denmark
| | - Alfonso Buil
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus V, Denmark
| | - Esben Agerbo
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus V, Denmark
- National Center for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- CIRRAU-Center for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus V, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders D Børglum
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus V, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus, Denmark
- Aarhus Genome Center, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mark J Daly
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ole Mors
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus V, Denmark
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
| | - David M Hougaard
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus V, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Preben B Mortensen
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus V, Denmark
- National Center for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas Werge
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus V, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus V, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wesley K Thompson
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus V, Denmark
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Division of Biostatistics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael E Benros
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus V, Denmark.
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Lawn RB, Sallis HM, Taylor AE, Wootton RE, Smith GD, Davies NM, Hemani G, Fraser A, Penton-Voak IS, Munafò MR. Schizophrenia risk and reproductive success: a Mendelian randomization study. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:181049. [PMID: 31031992 PMCID: PMC6458425 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a debilitating and heritable mental disorder associated with lower reproductive success. However, the prevalence of schizophrenia is stable over populations and time, resulting in an evolutionary puzzle: how is schizophrenia maintained in the population, given its apparent fitness costs? One possibility is that increased genetic liability for schizophrenia, in the absence of the disorder itself, may confer some reproductive advantage. We assessed the correlation and causal effect of genetic liability for schizophrenia with number of children, age at first birth and number of sexual partners using data from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium and UK Biobank. Linkage disequilibrium score regression showed little evidence of genetic correlation between genetic liability for schizophrenia and number of children (r g = 0.002, p = 0.84), age at first birth (r g = -0.007, p = 0.45) or number of sexual partners (r g = 0.007, p = 0.42). Mendelian randomization indicated no robust evidence of a causal effect of genetic liability for schizophrenia on number of children (mean difference: 0.003 increase in number of children per doubling in the natural log odds ratio of schizophrenia risk, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.003 to 0.009, p = 0.39) or age at first birth (-0.004 years lower age at first birth, 95% CI: -0.043 to 0.034, p = 0.82). We find some evidence of a positive effect of genetic liability for schizophrenia on number of sexual partners (0.165 increase in the number of sexual partners, 95% CI: 0.117-0.212, p = 5.30×10-10). These results suggest that increased genetic liability for schizophrenia does not confer a fitness advantage but does increase mating success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca B. Lawn
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TU, UK
| | - Hannah M. Sallis
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TU, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Amy E. Taylor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TU, UK
| | - Robyn E. Wootton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TU, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Neil M. Davies
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Gibran Hemani
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Abigail Fraser
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Ian S. Penton-Voak
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TU, UK
| | - Marcus R. Munafò
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TU, UK
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8
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Chen SF, Chiang JH, Hsu CY, Shen YC. Schizophrenia is associated with an increased risk of sexually transmitted infections: A nationwide population-based cohort study in Taiwan. Schizophr Res 2018; 202:316-321. [PMID: 29954703 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In Taiwan, there has been a growing emphasis on physical health screening, health education and improving access to treatment in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). However, sexual health needs, including screening and prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STI), are neglected in this population. The study aimed to investigate the association between SCZ and the subsequent incident STI and to examine potential risk factors. METHODS Using the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan, 58,948 SCZ patients and 235,784 controls matched by gender and age were enrolled between 2000 and 2010 and followed until the end of 2011. Participants who developed any STI (HIV, syphilis, genital warts, gonorrhea, chlamydial infection, and trichomoniasis) during the follow-up period were identified. Cox regression analysis was performed to examine the risk of STI between SCZ patients and controls. RESULTS SCZ patients were predisposed to developing STI (hazard ratio (HR): 1.11, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.01-1.21) that could be caused by syphilis (HR: 2.58, 95% CI: 2.14-3.10) or possibly HIV (Crude HR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.04-1.86; adjusted HR: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.81-1.52). Additionally, this study found that female, young adults, low-income, living in less urbanized areas, and comorbid substance abuse were potential risk factors for developing STI. CONCLUSION This study shows that SCZ is associated with an increased risk of developing STI, which has direct implications for the development of targeted prevention interventions or regular sexual health screening in mental health clinics to reduce the disproportionate burden of HIV and other STI in SCZ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Fen Chen
- Center of Medical Genetics, Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Huai Chiang
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Y Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, Tzu Chi General Hospital at Hualien, Hualien, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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9
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Bogdan R, Baranger DAA, Agrawal A. Polygenic Risk Scores in Clinical Psychology: Bridging Genomic Risk to Individual Differences. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2018; 14:119-157. [PMID: 29579395 PMCID: PMC7772939 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050817-084847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genomewide association studies (GWASs) across psychiatric phenotypes have shown that common genetic variants generally confer risk with small effect sizes (odds ratio < 1.1) that additively contribute to polygenic risk. Summary statistics derived from large discovery GWASs can be used to generate polygenic risk scores (PRS) in independent, target data sets to examine correlates of polygenic disorder liability (e.g., does genetic liability to schizophrenia predict cognition?). The intuitive appeal and generalizability of PRS have led to their widespread use and new insights into mechanisms of polygenic liability. However, when currently applied across traits they account for small amounts of variance (<3%), are relatively uninformative for clinical treatment, and, in isolation, provide no insight into molecular mechanisms. Larger GWASs are needed to increase the precision of PRS, and novel approaches integrating various data sources (e.g., multitrait analysis of GWASs) may improve the utility of current PRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Bogdan
- BRAINLab, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, and Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA;
| | - David A A Baranger
- BRAINLab, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, and Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA;
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Polimanti R, Gelernter J, Stein DJ. Genetically determined schizophrenia is not associated with impaired glucose homeostasis. Schizophr Res 2018; 195:286-289. [PMID: 29092750 PMCID: PMC5924728 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Here, we used data from large genome-wide association studies to test the presence of causal relationships, conducting a Mendelian randomization analysis; and shared molecular mechanisms, calculating the genetic correlation, among schizophrenia, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and impaired glucose homeostasis. Although our Mendelian randomization analysis was well-powered, no causal relationship was observed between schizophrenia and T2D, or traits related to glucose impaired homeostasis. Similarly, we did not observe any global genetic overlap among these traits. These findings indicate that there is no causal relationships or shared mechanisms between schizophrenia and impaired glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Polimanti
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine and VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine and VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA,Departments of Genetics and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dan J. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Polimanti R, Kayser MH, Gelernter J. Local adaptation in European populations affected the genetics of psychiatric disorders and behavioral traits. Genome Med 2018; 10:24. [PMID: 29580271 PMCID: PMC5870256 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-018-0532-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have used genome-wide data to investigate evolutionary mechanisms related to behavioral phenotypes, identifying widespread signals of positive selection. Here, we conducted a genome-wide investigation to study whether the molecular mechanisms involved in these traits were affected by local adaptation. Methods We performed a polygenic risk score analysis in a sample of 2455 individuals from 23 European populations with respect to variables related to geo-climate diversity, pathogen diversity, and language phonological complexity. The analysis was adjusted for the genetic diversity of European populations to ensure that the differences detected would reflect differences in environmental exposures. Results The top finding was related to the association between winter minimum temperature and schizophrenia. Additional significant geo-climate results were also observed with respect to bipolar disorder (sunny daylight), depressive symptoms (precipitation rate), major depressive disorder (precipitation rate), and subjective well-being (relative humidity). Beyond geo-climate variables, we also observed findings related to pathogen diversity and language phonological complexity: openness to experience was associated with protozoan diversity; conscientiousness and extraversion were associated with language consonants. Conclusions We report that common variation associated with psychiatric disorders and behavioral traits was affected by processes related to local adaptation in European populations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13073-018-0532-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Polimanti
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine and VA CT Healthcare Center, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.
| | - Manfred H Kayser
- Department of Genetic Identification, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine and VA CT Healthcare Center, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.,Departments of Genetics and Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Polimanti R, Zhao H, Farrer LA, Kranzler HR, Gelernter J. Ancestry-specific and sex-specific risk alleles identified in a genome-wide gene-by-alcohol dependence interaction study of risky sexual behaviors. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2017; 174:846-853. [PMID: 28990359 PMCID: PMC5861711 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We previously mapped loci for the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and genome-wide gene-by-alcohol dependence interaction (GW-GxAD) analyses of risky sexual behaviors (RSB). This study extends those findings by analyzing the ancestry- and sex-specific AD-stratified effects on RSB. We examined the concordance of findings for the AD-stratified GWAS and the GW-GxAD analysis of RSB, with concordance defined as genome-wide significance in one analysis and at least nominal significance in the second analysis. A total of 2,173 African-American (AA) and 1,751 European-American (EA) subjects were investigated. Information regarding RSB (lifetime experiences of unprotected sex and multiple sexual partners) and DSM-IV diagnosis of lifetime AD were derived from the Semi-Structured Assessment for Drug Dependence and Alcoholism (SSADDA). In our ancestry- and sex-specific analyses, we identified four independent genome-wide significant (GWS) loci (p < 5*10-8 ) and one suggestive locus (p < 6*10-8 ). In men, we observed a GWS signal in FAM162A (rs2002594, p = 4.96*10-8 ). In women, there was a suggestive locus in PLGRKT (rs3824435, p = 5.52*10-8 ). In AAs, there was a GWS signal in GRK5 (rs1316543, p = 1.25*10-9 ). In AA men, we observed an intergenic GWS signal (rs12898370, p = 4.49*10-8 ) near LINGO1. In EA men, there was a GWS signal in CCSER1 (rs62313897; p = 7.93*10-10 ). The loci identified in this GWAS implicate molecular mechanisms related to psychiatric illness and personality features, suggesting that the interplay between AD and RSB is mediated by alleles associated with behavioral traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Polimanti
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
- VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lindsay A. Farrer
- Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Neurology, Ophthalmology, Biostatistics, and Epidemiology, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henry R. Kranzler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and VISN 4 MIRECC, Philadelphia VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
- VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Polimanti R, Meda SA, Pearlson GD, Zhao H, Sherva R, Farrer LA, Kranzler HR, Gelernter J. S100A10 identified in a genome-wide gene × cannabis dependence interaction analysis of risky sexual behaviours. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2017; 42:252-261. [PMID: 28418321 PMCID: PMC5487272 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.160189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We conducted a genome-wide gene × environment interaction analysis to identify genetic variants that interact with cannabis dependence (CaD) in influencing risky sexual behaviours (RSB). METHODS Our sample included cannabis-exposed and sexually experienced African-American and European-American participants. A DSM-IV CaD diagnosis and RSB were evaluated using the Semi-Structured Assessment for Drug Dependence and Alcoholism. We analyzed RSBs as a score that takes into account experiences of unprotected sex and multiple sexual partners. RESULTS A total of 3350 people participated in our study; 43% had a CaD diagnosis, 56% were African-American and 33% were women. We identified a genome-wide significant locus in African-American participants (S100A10 rs72993629, p = 2.73 × 10-8) and a potential transpopulation signal in women (CLTC rs12944716, p = 5.27 × 10-8). A resting-state fMRI follow-up analysis of S100A10 rs72993629 conducted in an independent cohort showed 2 significant associations: reduced power of the left paracentral lobule in amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) analysis (p = 7.8 × 10-3) and reduced power of the right pallidum in fractional ALFF analysis (p = 4.6 × 10-3). The activity of these brain regions is known to be involved in sexual functions and behaviours. The S100A10 result functionally recapitulated our S100B finding observed in our previous genome-wide association study of CaD. The probability of identifying 2 S100 genes in 2 independent genome-wide investigations by chance is approximately 1 in 1.1 million. LIMITATIONS We were not able to identify any African-American cohort with appropriate sample size, and phenotypic assessment is available to replicate our findings. CONCLUSION The S100A10 and S100B genes, which are located on different chromosomes, encode specialized calcium-binding proteins. These data support a role for calcium homeostasis in individuals with CaD and its induced behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joel Gelernter
- Correspondence to: J. Gelernter, Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 950 Campbell Ave., West Haven, CT 06516;
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