1
|
Sun L, Wang L, Ye KX, Wang S, Zhang R, Juan Z, Feng L, Min S. Endothelial Glycocalyx in Aging and Age-related Diseases. Aging Dis 2023; 14:1606-1617. [PMID: 37196119 PMCID: PMC10529737 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide population is aging exponentially, creating burdens to patients, their families and society. Increasing age is associated with higher risk of a wide range of chronic diseases, and aging of the vascular system is closely linked to the development of many age-related diseases. Endothelial glycocalyx is a layer of proteoglycan polymers on the surface of the inner lumen of blood vessels. It plays an important role in maintaining vascular homeostasis and protecting various organ functions. Endothelial glycocalyx loss happens through the aging process and repairing the endothelial glycocalyx may alleviate the symptoms of age-related diseases. Given the important role of the glycocalyx and its regenerative properties, it is posited that the endothelial glycocalyx may be a potential therapeutic target for aging and age-related diseases and repairing endothelial glycocalyx could play a role in the promotion of healthy aging and longevity. Here, we review the composition, function, shedding, and manifestation of the endothelial glycocalyx in aging and age-related diseases, as well as regeneration of endothelial glycocalyx.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sun
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lingyan Wang
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Kaisy Xinhong Ye
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Shoushi Wang
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Zhaodong Juan
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Lei Feng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Su Min
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Millán Solano MV, Salinas Lara C, Sánchez-Garibay C, Soto-Rojas LO, Escobedo-Ávila I, Tena-Suck ML, Ortíz-Butrón R, Choreño-Parra JA, Romero-López JP, Meléndez Camargo ME. Effect of Systemic Inflammation in the CNS: A Silent History of Neuronal Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11902. [PMID: 37569277 PMCID: PMC10419139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) infections including meningitis and encephalitis, resulting from the blood-borne spread of specific microorganisms, provoke nervous tissue damage due to the inflammatory process. Moreover, different pathologies such as sepsis can generate systemic inflammation. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces the release of inflammatory mediators and damage molecules, which are then released into the bloodstream and can interact with structures such as the CNS, thus modifying the blood-brain barrier's (BBB´s) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier´s (BCSFB´s) function and inducing aseptic neuroinflammation. During neuroinflammation, the participation of glial cells (astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes) plays an important role. They release cytokines, chemokines, reactive oxygen species, nitrogen species, peptides, and even excitatory amino acids that lead to neuronal damage. The neurons undergo morphological and functional changes that could initiate functional alterations to neurodegenerative processes. The present work aims to explain these processes and the pathophysiological interactions involved in CNS damage in the absence of microbes or inflammatory cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mara Verónica Millán Solano
- Red MEDICI, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; (M.V.M.S.); (C.S.-G.); (L.O.S.-R.); (I.E.-Á.); (J.P.R.-L.)
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cos’ıo Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Citlaltepetl Salinas Lara
- Red MEDICI, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; (M.V.M.S.); (C.S.-G.); (L.O.S.-R.); (I.E.-Á.); (J.P.R.-L.)
- Departamento de Neuropatología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suarez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Garibay
- Red MEDICI, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; (M.V.M.S.); (C.S.-G.); (L.O.S.-R.); (I.E.-Á.); (J.P.R.-L.)
- Departamento de Neuropatología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suarez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | - Luis O. Soto-Rojas
- Red MEDICI, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; (M.V.M.S.); (C.S.-G.); (L.O.S.-R.); (I.E.-Á.); (J.P.R.-L.)
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Itzel Escobedo-Ávila
- Red MEDICI, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; (M.V.M.S.); (C.S.-G.); (L.O.S.-R.); (I.E.-Á.); (J.P.R.-L.)
- Departamento de Neurodesarrollo y Fisiología, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Martha Lilia Tena-Suck
- Departamento de Neuropatología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suarez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | - Rocío Ortíz-Butrón
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Departamento de Fisiología de ENCB, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico;
| | - José Alberto Choreño-Parra
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cos’ıo Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - José Pablo Romero-López
- Red MEDICI, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; (M.V.M.S.); (C.S.-G.); (L.O.S.-R.); (I.E.-Á.); (J.P.R.-L.)
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - María Estela Meléndez Camargo
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu Esq. Manuel Luis Stampa S/N, U.P. Adolfo López Mateos, Mexico City 07738, Mexico;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vahldieck C, Cianflone E, Fels B, Löning S, Depelmann P, Sabatino J, Salerno N, Karsten CM, Torella D, Weil J, Sun D, Goligorsky MS, Kusche-Vihrog K. Endothelial Glycocalyx and Cardiomyocyte Damage Is Prevented by Recombinant Syndecan-1 in Acute Myocardial Infarction. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:474-492. [PMID: 36669683 PMCID: PMC10123521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The outer layer of endothelial cells (ECs), consisting of the endothelial glycocalyx (eGC) and the cortex (CTX), provides a protective barrier against vascular diseases. Structural and functional impairments of their mechanical properties are recognized as hallmarks of endothelial dysfunction and can lead to cardiovascular events, such as acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This study investigated the effects of AMI on endothelial nanomechanics and function and the use of exogenous recombinant syndecan-1 (rSyn-1), a major component of the eGC, as recovering agent. ECs were exposed in vitro to serum samples collected from patients with AMI. In addition, in situ ECs of ex vivo aorta preparations derived from a mouse model for AMI were employed. Effects were quantified by using atomic force microscopy-based nanoindentation measurements, fluorescence staining, and histologic examination of the mouse hearts. AMI serum samples damaged eGC/CTX and augmented monocyte adhesion to the endothelial surface. In particular, the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a played an important role in these processes. The impairment of endothelial function could be prevented by rSyn-1 treatment. In the mouse model of myocardial infarction, pretreatment with rSyn-1 alleviated eGC/CTX deterioration and reduced cardiomyocyte damage in histologic analyses. However, echocardiographic measurements did not indicate a functional benefit. These results provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms of AMI-induced endothelial dysfunction and perspectives for future studies on the benefit of rSyn-1 in post-AMI treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl Vahldieck
- Institute of Physiology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany.
| | - Eleonora Cianflone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Benedikt Fels
- Institute of Physiology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany; DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Luebeck/Kiel, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Samuel Löning
- Institute of Physiology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Patrik Depelmann
- Institute of Physiology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Jolanda Sabatino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital Padua, Padua, Italy; Pediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza", Padua, Italy
| | - Nadia Salerno
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Christian M Karsten
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Daniele Torella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Joachim Weil
- Medizinische Klinik II, Sana Kliniken Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Dong Sun
- Renal Research Institute and Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology and Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Michael S Goligorsky
- Renal Research Institute and Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology and Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Kristina Kusche-Vihrog
- Institute of Physiology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany; DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Luebeck/Kiel, Luebeck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
The Soluble Fms-like Tyrosine Kinase-1 Contributes to Structural and Functional Changes in Endothelial Cells in Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416059. [PMID: 36555698 PMCID: PMC9787493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells are a critical target of the soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), a soluble factor increased in different diseases with varying degrees of renal impairment and endothelial dysfunction, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although the mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction are multifactorial and complex, herein, we investigated the damaging effects of sFlt-1 on structural and functional changes in endothelial cells. Our results evidenced that sera from patients with CKD stiffen the endothelial cell cortex in vitro, an effect correlated with sFlt-1 levels and prevented by sFlt-1 neutralization. Besides, we could show that recombinant sFlt-1 leads to endothelial stiffening in vitro and in vivo. This was accompanied by cytoskeleton reorganization and changes in the endothelial barrier function, as observed by increased actin polymerization and endothelial cell permeability, respectively. These results depended on the activation of the p38 MAPK and were blocked by the specific inhibitor SB203580. However, sFlt-1 only minimally affected the expression of stiffness-sensitive genes. These findings bring new insight into the mechanism of action of sFlt-1 and its biological effects that cannot be exclusively ascribed to the regulation of angiogenesis.
Collapse
|
5
|
Foote CA, Soares RN, Ramirez-Perez FI, Ghiarone T, Aroor A, Manrique-Acevedo C, Padilla J, Martinez-Lemus LA. Endothelial Glycocalyx. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3781-3811. [PMID: 35997082 PMCID: PMC10214841 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The glycocalyx is a polysaccharide structure that protrudes from the body of a cell. It is primarily conformed of glycoproteins and proteoglycans, which provide communication, electrostatic charge, ionic buffering, permeability, and mechanosensation-mechanotransduction capabilities to cells. In blood vessels, the endothelial glycocalyx that projects into the vascular lumen separates the vascular wall from the circulating blood. Such a physical location allows a number of its components, including sialic acid, glypican-1, heparan sulfate, and hyaluronan, to participate in the mechanosensation-mechanotransduction of blood flow-dependent shear stress, which results in the synthesis of nitric oxide and flow-mediated vasodilation. The endothelial glycocalyx also participates in the regulation of vascular permeability and the modulation of inflammatory responses, including the processes of leukocyte rolling and extravasation. Its structural architecture and negative charge work to prevent macromolecules greater than approximately 70 kDa and cationic molecules from binding and flowing out of the vasculature. This also prevents the extravasation of pathogens such as bacteria and virus, as well as that of tumor cells. Due to its constant exposure to shear and circulating enzymes such as neuraminidase, heparanase, hyaluronidase, and matrix metalloproteinases, the endothelial glycocalyx is in a continuous process of degradation and renovation. A balance favoring degradation is associated with a variety of pathologies including atherosclerosis, hypertension, vascular aging, metastatic cancer, and diabetic vasculopathies. Consequently, ongoing research efforts are focused on deciphering the mechanisms that promote glycocalyx degradation or limit its syntheses, as well as on therapeutic approaches to improve glycocalyx integrity with the goal of reducing vascular disease. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12: 1-31, 2022.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Foote
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Rogerio N. Soares
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Thaysa Ghiarone
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Annayya Aroor
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Luis A. Martinez-Lemus
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mineralocorticoid receptor-antagonism prevents COVID-19-dependent glycocalyx damage. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:1069-1076. [PMID: 35867189 PMCID: PMC9304794 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02726-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines target vascular endothelial cells during COVID-19 infections. In particular, the endothelial glycocalyx (eGC), a proteoglycan-rich layer on top of endothelial cells, was identified as a vulnerable, vasoprotective structure during infections. Thus, eGC damage can be seen as a hallmark in the development of endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory processes. Using sera derived from patients suffering from COVID-19, we could demonstrate that the eGC became progressively worse in relation to disease severity (mild vs severe course) and in correlation to IL-6 levels. This could be prevented by administering low doses of spironolactone, a well-known and highly specific aldosterone receptor antagonist. Our results confirm that SARS-CoV-2 infections cause eGC damage and endothelial dysfunction and we outline the underlying mechanisms and suggest potential therapeutic options.
Collapse
|
7
|
Goligorsky MS. OSCILLATORS IN THE MICROVASCULATURE - GLYCOCALYX AND BEYOND. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C432-C438. [PMID: 35759436 PMCID: PMC9359649 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00170.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The growing recognition of abundance of oscillating functions in biological systems has motivated this brief overview which narrows down on the microvasculature. Specifically, it encompasses self-sustained oscillations of blood flow, hematocrit and viscosity at bifurcations; their effects on the oscillations of endothelial glycocalyx, mechanotransduction and its termination to prime endothelial cells for the subsequent mechanical signaling event; oscillating affinity of hyaluronan-CD44 binding domain; spontaneous contractility of actomyosin complexes in the cortical actin web, its effects on the tension of the plasma membrane; reversible effects of sirtuin-1 on endothelial glycocalyx; and effects of plasma membrane tension on endo-and exocytosis. Some potential interactions between those oscillators - their coupling - are discussed together with their transition into chaotic movements. Future in-depth understanding of the oscillatory activities in the microvasculature could serve as a guide to its chronotherapy under pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Goligorsky
- Renal Research Institute and Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology and Physiology, New York Medical College at the Touro University, Valhalla, NY
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xie L, Sun Z, Brown NJ, Glinskii OV, Meininger GA, Glinsky VV. Changes in dynamics of tumor/endothelial cell adhesive interactions depending on endothelial cell growth state and elastic properties. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269552. [PMID: 35666755 PMCID: PMC9170101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell adhesion to the endothelium is a crucial process in hematogenous metastasis, but how the integrity of the endothelial barrier and endothelial cell (EC) mechanical properties influence the adhesion between metastatic cancer cells and the endothelium remain unclear. In the present study, we have measured the adhesion between single cancer cells and two types of ECs at various growth states and their mechanical properties (elasticity) using atomic force microscopy single cell force spectroscopy. We demonstrated that the EC stiffness increased and adhesion with cancer cells decreased, as ECs grew from a single cell to a confluent state and developed cell-cell contacts, but this was reversed when confluent cells returned to a single state in a scratch assay. Our results suggest that the integrity of the endothelial barrier is an important factor in reducing the ability of the metastatic tumor cells to adhere to the vascular endothelium, extravasate and lodge in the vasculature of a distant organ where secondary metastatic tumors would develop.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leike Xie
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Zhe Sun
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Nicola J. Brown
- Microcirculation Research Group, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Olga V. Glinskii
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Gerald A. Meininger
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Vladislav V. Glinsky
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pacia MZ, Chorazy N, Sternak M, Fels B, Pacia M, Kepczynski M, Kusche-Vihrog K, Chlopicki S. Rac1 regulates lipid droplets formation, nanomechanical, and nanostructural changes induced by TNF in vascular endothelium in the isolated murine aorta. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:317. [PMID: 35622139 PMCID: PMC9142475 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial inflammation is recognized as a critical condition in the development of cardiovascular diseases. TNF-induced inflammation of endothelial cells is linked to the formation of lipid droplets, augmented cortical stiffness, and nanostructural endothelial plasma membrane remodelling, but the insight into the mechanism linking these responses is missing. In the present work, we determined the formation of lipid droplets (LDs), nanomechanical, and nanostructural responses in the model of TNF-activated vascular inflammation in the isolated murine aorta using Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence imaging, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We analysed the possible role of Rac1, a major regulator of cytoskeletal organization, in TNF-induced vascular inflammation. We demonstrated that the formation of LDs, polymerization of F-actin, alterations in cortical stiffness, and nanostructural protuberances in endothelial plasma membrane were mediated by the Rac1. In particular, we revealed a significant role for Rac1 in the regulation of the formation of highly unsaturated LDs formed in response to TNF. Inhibition of Rac1 also downregulated the overexpression of ICAM-1 induced by TNF, supporting the role of Rac1 in vascular inflammation. Altogether, our results demonstrate that LDs formation, an integral component of vascular inflammation, is activated by Rac1 that also regulates nanomechanical and nanostructural alterations linked to vascular inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Z Pacia
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Natalia Chorazy
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Sternak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Benedikt Fels
- Institute of Physiology, University of Luebeck, 160 Ratzeburger Allee, 23562, Luebeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michal Pacia
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kepczynski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kristina Kusche-Vihrog
- Institute of Physiology, University of Luebeck, 160 Ratzeburger Allee, 23562, Luebeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348, Krakow, Poland
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University, 16 Grzegorzecka Str., 31-531, Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rapid shear stress-dependent ENaC membrane insertion is mediated by the endothelial glycocalyx and the mineralocorticoid receptor. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:235. [PMID: 35397686 PMCID: PMC8995297 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04260-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of the shear stress-sensitive epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) to the mechanical properties of the endothelial cell surface under (patho)physiological conditions is unclear. This issue was addressed in in vivo and in vitro models for endothelial dysfunction. Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were exposed to laminar (LSS) or non-laminar shear stress (NLSS). ENaC membrane insertion was quantified using Quantum-dot-based immunofluorescence staining and the mechanical properties of the cell surface were probed with the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) in vitro and ex vivo in isolated aortae of C57BL/6 and ApoE/LDLR-/- mice. Flow- and acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation was measured in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging. Acute LSS led to a rapid mineralocorticoid receptor (MR)-dependent membrane insertion of ENaC and subsequent stiffening of the endothelial cortex caused by actin polymerization. Of note, NLSS stress further augmented the cortical stiffness of the cells. These effects strongly depend on the presence of the endothelial glycocalyx (eGC) and could be prevented by functional inhibition of ENaC and MR in vitro endothelial cells and ex vivo endothelial cells derived from C57BL/6, but not ApoE/LDLR-/- vessel. In vivo In C57BL/6 vessels, ENaC- and MR inhibition blunted flow- and acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation, while in the dysfunctional ApoE/LDLR-/- vessels, this effect was absent. In conclusion, under physiological conditions, endothelial ENaC, together with the glycocalyx, was identified as an important shear stress sensor and mediator of endothelium-dependent vasodilation. In contrast, in pathophysiological conditions, ENaC-mediated mechanotransduction and endothelium-dependent vasodilation were lost, contributing to sustained endothelial stiffening and dysfunction.
Collapse
|
11
|
Stoddart P, Satchell SC, Ramnath R. Cerebral microvascular endothelial glycocalyx damage, its implications on the blood-brain barrier and a possible contributor to cognitive impairment. Brain Res 2022; 1780:147804. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
12
|
Conrad C, Moore K, Polacheck W, Rizvi I, Scarcelli G. Mechanical Modulation of Ovarian Cancer Tumor Nodules Under Flow. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2022; 69:294-301. [PMID: 34170820 PMCID: PMC8750319 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2021.3092641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Perfusion models are valuable tools to mimic complex features of the tumor microenvironment and to study cell behavior. In ovarian cancer, mimicking disease pathology of ascites has been achieved by seeding tumor nodules on a basement membrane and subjecting them to long-term continuous flow. In this scenario it is particularly important to study the role of mechanical stress on cancer progression. Mechanical cues are already known to be important in key cancer processes such as survival, proliferation, and migration. However, probing cell mechanical properties within microfluidic platforms has not been achievable with current technologies since samples are not easily accessible within most microfluidic channels. METHODS Here, to analyze the mechanical properties of cells within a perfusion chamber, we use Brillouin confocal microscopy, an all-optical technique that requires no contact or perturbation to the sample. RESULTS Our results indicate that ovarian cancer nodules under long-term continuous flow have a significantly lower longitudinal modulus compared to nodules maintained in a static condition. CONCLUSION We further dissect the role of distinct mechanical perturbations (e.g., shear flow, osmolality) on tumor nodule properties. SIGNIFICANCE In summary, the unique combination of a long-term microfluidic culture and noninvasive mechanical analysis technique provides insights on the effects of physical forces in ovarian cancer pathology.
Collapse
|
13
|
Na + i/K + i imbalance contributes to gene expression in endothelial cells exposed to elevated NaCl. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08088. [PMID: 34632152 PMCID: PMC8488490 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High-salt consumption contributes to the development of hypertension and is considered an independent risk factor for vascular remodelling, cardiac hypertrophy and stroke incidence. Alterations in NO production, inflammation and endothelial cell stiffening are considered now as plausible mediators of cardiovascular dysfunction. We studied early responses of endothelial cells (HUVEC) caused by a moderate increase in extracellular sodium concentration. Exposure of HUVEC to elevated sodium within the physiological range up to 24 h is accompanied by changes in monovalent cations fluxes and Na,K-ATPase activation, and, in turn, results in a significant decrease in the content of PTGS2, IL6 and IL1LR1 mRNAs. The expression of NOS3 and FOS genes, as well as the abundance of cytosolic and nuclear NFAT5 protein, remained unchanged. We assessed the mechanical properties of endothelial cells by estimating Young's modulus and equivalent elastic constant using atomic force and interference microscopy, respectively. These parameters were unaffected by elevated-salt exposure for 24 h. The data obtained suggest that even small and short-term elevations of extracellular sodium concentration affect the expression of genes involved in the control of endothelial function through the Na+i/K+i-dependent mechanism(s).
Collapse
|
14
|
Unfer V, Tilotta M, Kaya C, Noventa M, Török P, Alkatout I, Gitas G, Bilotta G, Laganà AS. Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of hyaluronic acid during pregnancy: a matter of molecular weight. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:823-840. [PMID: 33999749 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1931682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION For many years hyaluronic acid (HA) was mainly used for its hydrating properties. However, new applications have recently arisen, considering the biological properties of HA and its molecular weight. Clinical application of low molecular weight HA (LMW-HA) initially was supported by specific absorption data. The identification of high molecular weight HA (HMW-HA) absorption pathways and the knowledge of its physiological role allowed to evaluate its clinical application. Based on the immunomodulatory properties of HMW-HA and its physiological involvement as signaling molecule, pregnancy represents an interesting context of application. AREA COVERED This expert opinion includes in-vitro, in-vivo, ex-vivo and clinical studies on gestational models. It provides an overview of the physiological and the therapeutic role of HMW-HA in pregnancy starting from its metabolism. Indeed, HMW-HA is widely involved in several physiological processes as implantation, immune response, uterine quiescence and cervical remodeling, and therefore is an essential molecule for a successful pregnancy. EXPERT OPINION Available evidence suggests that HMW-HA administration can support physiological pregnancy, favoring blastocyst adhesion and development, preventing miscarriage and pre-term birth. For this reason, supplementation in pregnancy should be evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cihan Kaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Marco Noventa
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Péter Török
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ibrahim Alkatout
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Georgios Gitas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Filippo Del Ponte" Hospital,University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hill MA, Yang Y, Zhang L, Sun Z, Jia G, Parrish AR, Sowers JR. Insulin resistance, cardiovascular stiffening and cardiovascular disease. Metabolism 2021; 119:154766. [PMID: 33766485 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) and obesity are typically characterized by a state of metabolic insulin resistance. As global and US rates of obesity increase there is an acceleration of the incidence and prevalence of insulin resistance along with associated cardiovascular disease (CVD). Under physiological conditions insulin regulates glucose homeostasis by enhancing glucose disposal in insulin sensitive tissues while also regulating delivery of nutrients through its vasodilation actions on small feed arteries. Specifically, insulin-mediated production of nitric oxide (NO) from the vascular endothelium leads to increased blood flow enhancing disposal of glucose. Typically, insulin resistance is considered as a decrease in sensitivity or responsiveness to the metabolic actions of insulin including insulin-mediated glucose disposal. However, a decreased sensitivity to the normal vascular actions of insulin, especially diminished nitric oxide production, plays an additional important role in the development of CVD in states of insulin resistance. One mechanism by which insulin resistance and attendant hyperinsulinemia promote CVD is via increases in vascular stiffness. Although obesity and insulin resistance are known to be associated with substantial increases in the prevalence of vascular fibrosis and stiffness the mechanisms and mediators that underlie vascular stiffening in insulin resistant states are complex and have only recently begun to be addressed. Current evidence supports the role of increased plasma levels of aldosterone and insulin and attendant reductions in bioavailable NO in the pathogenesis of impaired vascular relaxation and vascular stiffness in the CMS and obesity. Aldosterone and insulin both increase the activity of serum and glucocorticoid kinase 1 (SGK-1) which in turn is a major regulator of vascular and renal sodium (Na+) channel activity.The importance of SGK-1 in the pathogenesis of the CMS is highlighted by observations that gain of function mutations in SGK-1 in humans promotes hypertension, insulin resistance and obesity. In endothelial cells, an increase in Na+ flux contributes to remodeling of the cytoskeleton, reduced NO bioavailability and vascular stiffening. Thus, endothelial SGK-1 may represent a point of convergence for insulin and aldosterone signaling in arterial stiffness associated with obesity and the CMS. This review examines our contemporary understanding of the link between insulin resistance and increased vascular stiffness with emphasis placed on a role for enhanced SGK-1 signaling as a key node in this pathological process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
| | - Yan Yang
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Liping Zhang
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Zhe Sun
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Guanghong Jia
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Alan R Parrish
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Varela R, Rauschert I, Romanelli G, Alberro A, Benech JC. Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia can induce morphophysiological changes in rat cardiac cell line. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 26:100983. [PMID: 33912691 PMCID: PMC8063753 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.100983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
H9c2 cardiac cells were incubated under the control condition and at different hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic media, and the following parameters were determined and quantified: a) cell death, b) type of cell death, and c) changes in cell length, width and height. Of all the proven media, the one that showed the greatest differences compared to the control was the medium glucose (G) 33 mM + 500 μM palmitic acid. This condition was called the hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic condition (HHC). Incubation of H9c2 cells in HHC promoted 5.2 times greater total cell death when compared to the control. Of the total death ofthe HHC cells, 38.6% was late apoptotic and 8.3% early apoptotic. HHC also changes cell morphology. The reordering of the actin cytoskeleton and cell stiffness was also studied in control and HHC cells. The actin cytoskeleton was quantified and the number and distance of actin bundles were not the same in the control as under HHC. Young's modulus images show a map of cell stiffness. Cells incubated in HHC with the reordered actin cytoskeleton were stiffer than those incubated in control. The region of greatest stiffness was the peripheral zone of HHC cells (where the number of actin bundles was higher and the distance between them smaller). Our results suggest a correlation between the reordering of the actin cytoskeleton and cell stiffness. Thus, our study showed that HHC can promote morphophysiological changes in rat cardiac cells confirming that gluco-and lipotoxicity may play a central role in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Varela
- Laboratorio de Señalización Celular y Nanobiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Av. Italia, 3318, CP, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Inés Rauschert
- Laboratorio de Señalización Celular y Nanobiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Av. Italia, 3318, CP, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Plataforma de Microscopía de Fuerza Atómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Av. Italia, 3318, CP, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gerardo Romanelli
- Laboratorio de Señalización Celular y Nanobiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Av. Italia, 3318, CP, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrés Alberro
- Laboratorio de Señalización Celular y Nanobiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Av. Italia, 3318, CP, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Juan C Benech
- Laboratorio de Señalización Celular y Nanobiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Av. Italia, 3318, CP, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Plataforma de Microscopía de Fuerza Atómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Av. Italia, 3318, CP, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Starodubtseva MN, Nadyrov EA, Shkliarava NM, Tsukanava AU, Starodubtsev IE, Kondrachyk AN, Matveyenkau MV, Nedoseikina MS. Heterogeneity of nanomechanical properties of the human umbilical vein endothelial cell surface. Microvasc Res 2021; 136:104168. [PMID: 33845104 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells, due to heterogeneity in the cell structure, can potentially form an inhomogeneous on structural and mechanical properties of the inner layer of the capillaries. Using quantitative nanomechanical mapping mode of atomic force microscopy, the parameters of the structural, elastic, and adhesive properties of the cell surface for living and glutaraldehyde-fixed human umbilical vein endothelial cells were studied. A significant difference in the studied parameters for three cell surface zones (peripheral, perinuclear, and nuclear zones) was established. The perinuclear zone appeared to be the softest zone of the endothelial cell surface. The heterogeneity of the endothelial cell mechanical properties at the nanoscale level can be an important mechanism in regulating the endothelium functions in blood vessels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria N Starodubtseva
- Institute of Radiobiology of NAS of Belarus, 4 Fedyuninskogo str., Gomel BY-246007, Belarus; Gomel State Medical University, 5 Lange str., Gomel BY-246000, Belarus.
| | - Eldar A Nadyrov
- Gomel State Medical University, 5 Lange str., Gomel BY-246000, Belarus
| | - Nastassia M Shkliarava
- Institute of Radiobiology of NAS of Belarus, 4 Fedyuninskogo str., Gomel BY-246007, Belarus
| | - Alena U Tsukanava
- Institute of Radiobiology of NAS of Belarus, 4 Fedyuninskogo str., Gomel BY-246007, Belarus
| | | | | | - Matsvei V Matveyenkau
- Institute of Radiobiology of NAS of Belarus, 4 Fedyuninskogo str., Gomel BY-246007, Belarus
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kolodziejczyk AM, Sokolowska P, Zimon A, Grala M, Rosowski M, Siatkowska M, Komorowski P, Walkowiak B. Dysfunction of endothelial cells exposed to nanomaterials assessed by atomic force spectroscopy. Micron 2021; 145:103062. [PMID: 33770641 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2021.103062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The study of the impact of nanomaterials on endothelial cell elasticity with the atomic force spectroscopy (AFS) can be a significant model for assessing nanomaterials toxic effects in vitro. The mechanical properties of cells exposed to nanostructures can provide information not only about cellular nano and micro-structure, but also about cell physiology. The toxicity of nanostructures is an important issue which must be carefully considered when the optimal nanomaterial is defined. There are no universal properties characterizing such a nanomaterial, i.e. depending on the intended use, the requirements can be diverse. For example, for biomedical use a nanomaterial should not negatively affect the cells or should cause the expected therapeutic or diagnostic effects in justified cases. The present study was devoted to the effects of silver nanoparticles (SNPs), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers of 4th generation on functioning of endothelial cells. Immortalized endothelial cells were exposed for 24 h to the tested nanomaterials used in concentrations reducing cellular viability to the levels of 90 % and 75 %. The innovative nature of our work is the comparison of cell elasticity performed with various AFS probes, which enabled detection of local and global elasticity alteration caused by the nanostructures. The obtained results demonstrated changes in elasticity of endothelial cell induced by the nanostructures, which were closely correlated with the level of cellular viability, forming of actin stress fibres and elevated levels of reactive oxygen species. Trend of changes in local and global elasticity of cells exposed to nanostructures was similar, but the magnitude of the response was dependent on the selected probe. SNPs and MWCNTs evoked cells stiffening, which was correlated with changes in production levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the cytoskeletal alteration. Softening of cells exposed to PAMAM dendrimers correlated with increased number of apoptotic cells and ROS production levels. Based on the obtained results we conclude, that the structure and the type of nanostructure (nanoparticle) is essential for their localization inside the cells and for the toxic effect on the endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulina Sokolowska
- Bionanopark Ltd, Dubois 114/116, 93-465, Lodz, Poland; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7 /9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | - Piotr Komorowski
- Bionanopark Ltd, Dubois 114/116, 93-465, Lodz, Poland; Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 1/15, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bogdan Walkowiak
- Bionanopark Ltd, Dubois 114/116, 93-465, Lodz, Poland; Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 1/15, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Secondary Metabolites of Plants as Modulators of Endothelium Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052533. [PMID: 33802468 PMCID: PMC7959468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death worldwide. They may be caused by various factors or combinations of factors. Frequently, endothelial dysfunction is involved in either development of the disorder or results from it. On the other hand, the endothelium may be disordered for other reasons, e.g., due to infection, such as COVID-19. The understanding of the role and significance of the endothelium in the body has changed significantly over time—from a simple physical barrier to a complex system encompassing local and systemic regulation of numerous processes in the body. Endothelium disorders may arise from impairment of one or more signaling pathways affecting dilator or constrictor activity, including nitric oxide–cyclic guanosine monophosphate activation, prostacyclin–cyclic adenosine monophosphate activation, phosphodiesterase inhibition, and potassium channel activation or intracellular calcium level inhibition. In this review, plants are summarized as sources of biologically active substances affecting the endothelium. This paper compares individual substances and mechanisms that are known to affect the endothelium, and which subsequently may cause the development of cardiovascular disorders.
Collapse
|
20
|
Shurbaji S, El-Sherbiny IM, Alser M, Ali IH, Kordi H, Al-Sadi A, Popelka A, Benslimane F, Yacoub M, Yalcin HC. Nitric Oxide Releasing Hydrogel Nanoparticles Decreases Epithelial Cell Injuries Associated With Airway Reopening. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:579788. [PMID: 33469529 PMCID: PMC7813943 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.579788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an acute inflammatory lung condition. It is characterized by disruption of gas exchange inside the alveoli, accumulation of protein edema, and an increase in lung stiffness. One major cause of ARDS is a lung infection, such as SARS-COV-2 infection. Lungs of ARDS patients need to be mechanically ventilated for airway reopening. Consequently, ventilation might damage delicate lung tissue leading to excess edema, known as ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Mortality of COVID-19 patients under VILI seems to be higher than non-COVID patients, necessitating effective preventative therapies. VILI occurs when small air bubbles form in the alveoli, injuring epithelial cells (EPC) due to shear stress. Nitric oxide (NO) inhalation was suggested as a therapy for ARDS, however, it was shown that it is not effective because of the extremely short half-life of NO. In this study, NO-releasing nanoparticles were produced and tested in an in vitro model, representing airways in the deep lung. Cellular injuries were quantified via fluorescent live/dead assay. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to assess cell morphology. qRT-PCR was performed to assess the expression of inflammatory markers, specifically IL6 and CCL2. ELISA was performed to assess IL6 and confirm qRT-PCR results at the protein level. Finally, ROS levels were assessed in all groups. Here, we show that NO delivery via nanoparticles enhanced EPC survival and recovery, AFM measurements revealed that NO exposure affect cell morphology, while qRT-PCR demonstrated a significant downregulation in IL6 and CCL2 expression when treating the cells to NO both before and after shear exposure. ELISA results for IL6 confirmed qRT-PCR data. ROS experiment results support our findings from previous experiments. These findings demonstrate that NO-releasing nanoparticles can be used as an effective delivery approach of NO to deep lung to prevent/reduce ARDS associated inflammation and cell injuries. This information is particularly useful to treat severe ARDS due to COVID-19 infection. These nanoparticles will be useful when clinically administrated to COVID-19 patients to reduce the symptoms originating from lung distress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samar Shurbaji
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ibrahim M. El-Sherbiny
- Nanomedicine Lab, Center of Materials Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maha Alser
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Isra H. Ali
- Nanomedicine Lab, Center of Materials Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Haya Kordi
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science-QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ameena Al-Sadi
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science-QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anton Popelka
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Magdi Yacoub
- Heart Science Centre, Imperial College, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Huseyin C. Yalcin
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science-QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Delgadillo LF, Lomakina EB, Kuebel J, Waugh RE. Changes in endothelial glycocalyx layer protective ability after inflammatory stimulus. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 320:C216-C224. [PMID: 33326314 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00259.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium is an important early step in the initiation and progression of sepsis. The endothelial glycocalyx layer (EGL) has been implicated in neutrophil adhesion and barrier dysfunction, but studies in this area are few. In this report, we examine the hypothesis that damage to the structure of the EGL caused by inflammation leads to increased leukocyte adhesion and endothelial barrier dysfunction. We used human umbilical vein endothelial cells enzymatically treated to remove the EGL components hyaluronic acid (HA) and heparan sulfate (HS) as a model for EGL damage. Using atomic force microscopy, we show reductions in EGL thickness after removal of either HA or HS individually, but the largest decrease, comparable with TNF-α treatment, was observed when both HA and HS were removed. Interestingly, removal of HS or HA individually did not affect neutrophil adhesion significantly, but removal of both constituents resulted in increased neutrophil adhesion. To test EGL contributions to endothelial barrier properties, we measured transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and diffusion of fluorescently labeled dextran (10 kDa molecular weight) across the monolayer. Removal of EGL components decreased TEER but had an insignificant effect on dextran diffusion rates. The reduction in TEER suggests that disruption of the EGL may predispose endothelial cells to increased rates of fluid leakage. These data support the view that damage to the EGL during inflammation has significant effects on the accessibility of adhesion molecules, likely facilitates leukocyte adhesion, and may also contribute to increased rates of fluid transport into tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis F Delgadillo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Elena B Lomakina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Julia Kuebel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Richard E Waugh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Luft FC. Did you know? Fluid-and-electrolyte replacement and the uncertainty principle. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 230:e13511. [PMID: 32445605 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich C. Luft
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center Max‐Delbrück Center and Charité Medical Faculty Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kim DY, Zhang H, Park S, Kim Y, Bae CR, Kim YM, Kwon YG. CU06-1004 (endothelial dysfunction blocker) ameliorates astrocyte end-feet swelling by stabilizing endothelial cell junctions in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:875-886. [PMID: 32415357 PMCID: PMC7297708 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01920-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia, or stroke, is widespread leading cause of death and disability. Surgical and pharmacological interventions that recover blood flow are the most effective treatment strategies for stroke patients. However, restoring the blood supply is accompanied by severe reperfusion injury, with edema and astrocyte end-feet disruption. Here, we report that the oral administration of CU06-1004 (previously Sac-1004), immediately after onset of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), ameliorated cerebral damage. CU06-1004 stabilized blood‑brain barrier by inhibiting the disruption of the tight junction-related protein zona occludens-1 and the cortical actin ring in endothelial cells (ECs) after I/R. Interestingly, CU06-1004 significantly suppressed astrocyte end-feet swelling following I/R, by reducing aquaporin 4 and connexin 43 levels, which mediates swelling. Furthermore, the degradation of β1-integrin and β-dystroglycan, which anchors to the cortical actin ring in ECs, was inhibited by CU06-1004 administration after I/R. Consistently, CU06-1004 administration following I/R also suppressed the loss of laminin and collagen type IV, which bind to the cortical actin ring anchoring proteins. Unlike the protective effects of CU06-1004 in ECs, astrocyte viability and proliferation were not directly affected. Taken together, our observations suggest that CU06-1004 inhibits I/R-induced cerebral edema and astrocyte end-feet swelling by maintaining EC junction stability. KEY MESSAGES: • CU06-1004 ameliorates I/R-induced cerebral injury. • EC junction integrity was stabilized by CU06-1004 treatment after I/R. • CU06-1004 reduces astrocyte end-feet swelling following I/R. • EC junction stability affects astrocyte end-feet structure maintenance after I/R.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- CURACLE Co., Ltd, Gyeonggi-do, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Songyi Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeaji Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Cho-Rong Bae
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Guen Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kolodziejczyk AM, Kucinska M, Jakubowska A, Sokolowska P, Rosowski M, Tkacz‐Szczesna B, Komorowski P, Makowski K, Walkowiak B. Endothelial cell aging detection by means of atomic force spectroscopy. J Mol Recognit 2020; 33:e2853. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paulina Sokolowska
- Molecular and Nanostructural Biophysics Laboratory Bionanopark Ltd Lodz Poland
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland
| | - Marcin Rosowski
- Molecular and Nanostructural Biophysics Laboratory Bionanopark Ltd Lodz Poland
| | | | - Piotr Komorowski
- Nanomaterial Structural Research Laboratory Bionanopark Ltd Lodz Poland
- Molecular and Nanostructural Biophysics Laboratory Bionanopark Ltd Lodz Poland
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering Lodz University of Technology Lodz Poland
| | - Krzysztof Makowski
- Industrial Biotechnology Laboratory Bionanopark Ltd Lodz Poland
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering Lodz University of Technology Lodz Poland
| | - Bogdan Walkowiak
- Nanomaterial Structural Research Laboratory Bionanopark Ltd Lodz Poland
- Molecular and Nanostructural Biophysics Laboratory Bionanopark Ltd Lodz Poland
- Industrial Biotechnology Laboratory Bionanopark Ltd Lodz Poland
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering Lodz University of Technology Lodz Poland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cosgun ZC, Fels B, Kusche-Vihrog K. Nanomechanics of the Endothelial Glycocalyx. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:732-741. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
26
|
It takes more than two to tango: mechanosignaling of the endothelial surface. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:419-433. [PMID: 32239285 PMCID: PMC7165135 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02369-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The endothelial surface is a highly flexible signaling hub which is able to sense the hemodynamic forces of the streaming blood. The subsequent mechanosignaling is basically mediated by specific structures, like the endothelial glycocalyx building the top surface layer of endothelial cells as well as mechanosensitive ion channels within the endothelial plasma membrane. The mechanical properties of the endothelial cell surface are characterized by the dynamics of cytoskeletal proteins and play a key role in the process of signal transmission from the outside (lumen of the blood vessel) to the interior of the cell. Thus, the cell mechanics directly interact with the function of mechanosensitive structures and ion channels. To precisely maintain the vascular tone, a coordinated functional interdependency between endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells is necessary. This is given by the fact that mechanosensitive ion channels are expressed in both cell types and that signals are transmitted via autocrine/paracrine mechanisms from layer to layer. Thus, the outer layer of the endothelial cells can be seen as important functional mechanosensitive and reactive cellular compartment. This review aims to describe the known mechanosensitive structures of the vessel building a bridge between the important role of physiological mechanosignaling and the proper vascular function. Since mutations and dysfunction of mechanosensitive proteins are linked to vascular pathologies such as hypertension, they play a potent role in the field of channelopathies and mechanomedicine.
Collapse
|
27
|
Moose DL, Krog BL, Kim TH, Zhao L, Williams-Perez S, Burke G, Rhodes L, Vanneste M, Breheny P, Milhem M, Stipp CS, Rowat AC, Henry MD. Cancer Cells Resist Mechanical Destruction in Circulation via RhoA/Actomyosin-Dependent Mechano-Adaptation. Cell Rep 2020; 30:3864-3874.e6. [PMID: 32187555 PMCID: PMC7219793 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
During metastasis, cancer cells are exposed to potentially destructive hemodynamic forces including fluid shear stress (FSS) while en route to distant sites. However, prior work indicates that cancer cells are more resistant to brief pulses of high-level FSS in vitro relative to non-transformed epithelial cells. Herein, we identify a mechano-adaptive mechanism of FSS resistance in cancer cells. Our findings demonstrate that cancer cells activate RhoA in response to FSS, which protects them from FSS-induced plasma membrane damage. We show that cancer cells freshly isolated from mouse and human tumors are resistant to FSS, that formin and myosin II activity protects circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from destruction, and that short-term inhibition of myosin II delays metastasis in mouse models. Collectively, our data indicate that viable CTCs actively resist destruction by hemodynamic forces and are likely to be more mechanically robust than is commonly thought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devon L Moose
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Cancer Biology Program, Biomedical Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Benjamin L Krog
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Tae-Hyung Kim
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | - Gretchen Burke
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Lillian Rhodes
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Marion Vanneste
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Patrick Breheny
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Mohammed Milhem
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Christopher S Stipp
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Amy C Rowat
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael D Henry
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Cancer Biology Program, Biomedical Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Departments of Pathology, Urology and Radiation Oncology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Danilogorskaya YA, Zheleznykh EA, Privalova EA, Belenkov YN, Shchendrigina AA, Kozhevnikova MV, Shakaryants GA, Zektser VY, Lishuta AS, Khabarova NV. [Vasoprotective Effects of Prolonged Therapy With Perindopril A in Patients with Hypertension Including Concomitant Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 60:4-9. [PMID: 32245348 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2020.1.n888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective Investigate the dynamics of morphological and functional markers of vascular remodeling in patients with arterial hypertension (AH), including those with concomitant type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), during 12-month administration of perindopril A.Material and Methods The study included patients with grade I-II AH, with and without DM2 (30 and 32 patients, respectively), who underwent outpatient correction of initially ineffective antihypertensive therapy and administration of perindopril A, 10 mg/day. Morphological and functional parameters of vascular remodeling were evaluated in all patients at baseline and at 12 months using photoplethysmography. Stiffness index (SI) and phase shift (PS) were measured in large vessels. Reflection index (RI) and occlusion index (OI) were measured in microvessels. Computed nailfold videocapillaroscopy was used to determine capillary density (CD) at rest (CDr), CD during venous occlusion test (CDvo), and CD during reactive hyperemia test (CDrh). Data are medians [interquartile range].Results After 12-month administration of perindopril A, the morphological and functional parameters of vascular remodeling in AH patients without DM2 significantly improved at all vascular levels. SI decreased to 9.25 [7.8; 10.93 ] m/s and PS increased to 7.4 [5.6; 9.05] ms. In microvasculature, a statistically significant reduction was observed in RI, 31 [27; 36.5]%, and an increase was observed in OI, which characterizes endothelium function, 1.75 [1.68; 1.9]. Capillary CDr significantly increased to 40.5 [34.93; 46] cap/mm2, as did CDvo and CDrh. At the same time, in the group of patients with AH and DM2, a significant improvement was observed for the large vessels. SI decreased to 9.8 [9.08; 10.58] m/s, and PS increased to 6.95 [5.13; 10.08]. The RI index, reflecting the structural condition of arterioles, significantly decreased to 34 [25.9; 45.53]%, and the OI index, characterizing endothelial function, did not change significantly, 1.4 [1.3; 1.6]. Capillary CDr significantly increased to 31.55 [27.68; 34.7 ] cap/mm2; however, CDvo and CDrh did not change significantly. Renal function improved in both groups.Conclusion Both groups demonstrated improvement of morphological parameters at all levels of the arterial bed. However, patients with AH and concomitant DM2 showed no improvement of the endothelial function of arterioles and capillaries compared to improvement in AH patients without DM2. This reflected the more severe endothelial dysfunction present in AH patients with DM2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu A Danilogorskaya
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Department of Hospital Therapy #1
| | - E A Zheleznykh
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Department of Hospital Therapy #1
| | - E A Privalova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Department of Hospital Therapy #1
| | - Yu N Belenkov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Department of Hospital Therapy #1
| | - A A Shchendrigina
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Department of Hospital Therapy #1
| | - M V Kozhevnikova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Department of Hospital Therapy #1
| | - G A Shakaryants
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Department of Hospital Therapy #1
| | - V Yu Zektser
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Department of Hospital Therapy #1
| | - A S Lishuta
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Department of Hospital Therapy #1
| | - N V Khabarova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Department of Hospital Therapy #1
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review latest reports of the food products which might increase blood pressure and therefore might participate in the pathogenesis of hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS Results of clinical study suggest that consumption of high-sodium food leads to transient increase in plasma sodium concentration. This is accompanied by blood pressure increase. Results of both clinical and experimental studies suggest direct vasculotoxic effects of sodium. Increased plasma sodium concentration could mediate its effects on blood pressure by changes in endothelial cell stiffness and glycocalyx integrity. Energy drinks are non-alcoholic beverages with increasing popularity. Clinical, interventional, randomized, placebo controlled, and cross-sectional studies showed that energy drinks may increase arterial blood pressure. Blood pressure increase after exposure for the energy drinks is mainly related to the caffeine content in these drinks. Many case reports were published concerning the clinically significant increase in blood pressure caused by the consumption of liquorice root or food products containing liquorice, such as candies, tea, Pontefract cookies, and chewing gum. Liquorice contains a precursor of glycyrrhetic acid. Glycyrrhetic acid reduces the activity of the 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11ß-HSD2) isoenzyme, which leads to activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor by cortisol in the distal convoluted tubule resulting in hypertension, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis. The relationship between chronic alcohol intake and blood pressure is well established on the basis of a diverse body of evidence including animal experiments, epidemiological studies, mendelian randomization studies, and interventional studies. Results of recent studies suggested that binge drinking (i.e., episodic consumption of a very high amount of alcohol beverages) has pronounced hypertensinogenic effects. Recently, it was documented that also low doses of alcohol may increase the risk of cardiovascular complications. Therefore, the amount of alcohol consumption that is safe is zero. High-salt food products, energy drinks, food products containing liquorice, and alcoholic beverages have hypertensinogenic properties. Patients with hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases should avoid even accidental consumption of these food products.
Collapse
|
30
|
Acute hyperglycemia exacerbates trauma-induced endothelial and glycocalyx injury: An in vitro model. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2019; 85:960-967. [PMID: 29851906 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000001993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early hyperglycemia is associated with higher mortality in trauma and predicts multiple organ failure. Endothelial cell (EC) injury and glycocalyx (GC) degradation occur following traumatic shock and are key factors in the development of trauma-induced coagulopathy and result in impaired microvascular perfusion and accompanying organ failure. Acute hyperglycemia has been shown to result in the loss of the GC layer, EC inflammation, and activation of coagulation in vivo. We postulated that acute hyperglycemia would exacerbate trauma-induced EC injury and GC shedding and integrity. This was studied using a microfluidic device in a biomimetic in vitro model. METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers established in the microfluidic channels of a microfluidic device well plate were perfused at constant shear overnight. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers were then exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation and epinephrine followed by the addition of varying concentrations of glucose. RESULTS Glycocalyx shedding and loss of dimension, as well as EC injury/activation, were noted after exposure to the biomimetic conditions of trauma/shock in our study. Similar but less dramatic findings were noted after acute hyperglycemia. Exposure to hyperglycemia exacerbated the adverse effects on the GC and EC following hypoxia/reoxygenation plus epinephrine exposure and may be related to enhanced production of reactive oxygen species. CONCLUSIONS Microfluidic device study may allow the preclinical assessment and development of therapeutic strategies of the vascular barrier under stress conditions.
Collapse
|
31
|
Song JW, Zullo J, Lipphardt M, Dragovich M, Zhang FX, Fu B, Goligorsky MS. Endothelial glycocalyx-the battleground for complications of sepsis and kidney injury. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 33:203-211. [PMID: 28535253 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfx076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
After briefly discussing endothelial glycocalyx and its role in vascular physiology and renal disease, this overview focuses on its degradation very early in the course of microbial sepsis. We describe our recently proposed mechanism for glycocalyx degradation induced by exocytosis of lysosome-related organelles and release of their cargo. Notably, an intermediate in nitric oxide synthesis, NG-hydroxy-l-arginine, shows efficacy in curtailing exocytosis of these organelles and improvement in animal survival. These data not only depict a novel mechanism responsible for very early glycocalyx degradation, but may also outline a potential preventive therapy. The second issue discussed in this article is related to the therapeutic acceleration of restoration of already degraded endothelial glycocalyx. Here, using as an example our recent findings obtained with sulodexide, we illustrate the importance of the expedited repair of degraded endothelial glycocalyx for the survival of animals with severe sepsis. These two focal points of the review on glycocalyx may not only have broader disease applicability, but they may also provide additional evidence to buttress the idea of the importance of endothelial glycocalyx and its maintenance and repair in the prevention and treatment of an array of renal and nonrenal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Wook Song
- Renal Research Institute, Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology and Physiology, New York Medical College at Touro University, Valhalla, NY, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joseph Zullo
- Renal Research Institute, Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology and Physiology, New York Medical College at Touro University, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Mark Lipphardt
- Renal Research Institute, Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology and Physiology, New York Medical College at Touro University, Valhalla, NY, USA.,Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthew Dragovich
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, and Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Frank X Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, and Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Bingmei Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael S Goligorsky
- Renal Research Institute, Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology and Physiology, New York Medical College at Touro University, Valhalla, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Danilogorskaya YA, Zheleznykh EA, Privalova EA, Belenkov YN, Shchendrigina AA, Kozhevnikova MV, Shakaryants GA, Zektser VY, Lishuta AS, Ilgisonis IS. Vascular Remodeling Markers in Patients with Essential Arterial Hypertension Depending on Presence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. RATIONAL PHARMACOTHERAPY IN CARDIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2019-15-3-328-334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. To study some vascular remodeling markers in hypertensive patients depending on the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Material and methods. The study included patients with essential hypertension 1-2 degrees of increase in blood pressure with/without type 2 diabetes (30 and 32 patients respectively). Using photoplethysmography in combination with reactive hyperemia test structural and functional markers of vascular remodeling were determined: in large vessels – stiffness index and phase shift; in microvessels – reflection index and the occlusion index. Using the computer video capillaroscopy of the nail bed the density of the capillary network at rest, after venous occlusion and after the test with reactive hyperemia was determined. ELISA was used for determining the level of humoral markers of endothelium dysfunction and vascular bed remodeling: metalloproteinase 9, metalloproteinase 9 inhibitor, E-selectin, endothelin, transforming growth factor (TGF-β1), endothelial growthfactor A.Results. In compare with hypertensive patients in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes significantly higher stiffness index values (11.15 [10.05; 12.35] vs 10.15 [8.83; 11.83] m/s; p=0.04) were found as well as significantly lower (p=0.00) capillary network density at rest (26.4 [24.2; 27.6] vs 35.1 [33.0; 45.0] cap/mm2; p=0.00) after the tests with reactive hyperemia (29 [24; 33.3] vs 40.0 [35.0;43.3] cap/mm2; p=0.00) and venous occlusion (32.5 [27.8; 34.5] vs 40.0 [33.0; 45.0] cap/mm2). In hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes significantly higher levels of TFG-β1 (11648 [4117.8; 37933.8] vs 3938.5 [1808.8; 7694] pg/ml; p=0.00) and significantly lower levels of endothelin-1 (0,46 [0,29;1,3] vs 1.73 [0.63; 2.30] ng/ml; p=0.01) was detected in compare with hypertensive patients without type 2 diabetes.Conclusion. In both groups some signs of vascular remodeling were found at the level of both large arteries and microvessels (arterioles and capillaries). However, the group of hypertension + type 2 diabetes mellitus had statistically significantly more pronounced changes in arterial stiffness, capillary network density, as well as humoral markers levels of fibrosis and endothelial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - E. A. Zheleznykh
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - E. A. Privalova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - Yu. N. Belenkov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | | | - M. V. Kozhevnikova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - G. A. Shakaryants
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - V. Y. Zektser
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - A. S. Lishuta
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - I. S. Ilgisonis
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rusaczonek M, Zapotoczny B, Szymonski M, Konior J. Application of a layered model for determination of the elasticity of biological systems. Micron 2019; 124:102705. [PMID: 31252332 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2019.102705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Elasticity of biological systems is considered to be an important property that might be related to functional or pathological changes. Therefore, careful study and detailed understanding of cell and tissue elasticity is crucial for correct description of their functioning. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is a powerful technique, which allows for determination of the physical properties, such as elasticity, of soft-matter systems in nano-scale. An important step in AFM elasticity studies is a proper interpretation of experimental data. Two most frequently used theoretical schemes applied to determine elasticity are due to Hertz and Sneddon, which are effectively one-parameter models. In this work, we go beyond this approach. Firstly, as elasticity is a local property, we extract from the slope of experimental force-indentation curve an elasticity parameter, which varies with indentation depth. Then secondly, we find best approximation of this parameter by applying the two-layer model with four effective parameters, as proposed by Kovalev. This method is employed to the experimental data taken on murine liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease model. The obtained results show additional effects, not seen within the traditional, simplified scheme. Namely, the elasticity of the first layer does not change its value in the model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, but the increase of stiffness is noticed in second layer. The second goal of this article is to reveal and discuss the differences between traditional approaches and the one being presented. The deviations from the original assumptions are analysed and the corresponding restrictions on utility of theoretical models are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Rusaczonek
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Department of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
| | - B Zapotoczny
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Department of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - M Szymonski
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Department of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - J Konior
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Department of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Fels J, Kusche-Vihrog K. Endothelial Nanomechanics in the Context of Endothelial (Dys)function and Inflammation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:945-959. [PMID: 29433330 PMCID: PMC6354603 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Stiffness of endothelial cells is closely linked to the function of the vasculature as it regulates the release of vasoactive substances such as nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species. The outer layer of endothelial cells, consisting of the glycocalyx above and the cortical zone beneath the plasma membrane, is a vulnerable compartment able to adapt its nanomechanical properties to any changes of forces exerted by the adjacent blood stream. Sustained stiffening of this layer contributes to the development of endothelial dysfunction and vascular pathologies. Recent Advances: The development of specific techniques to quantify the mechanical properties of cells enables the detailed investigation of the mechanistic link between structure and function of cells. CRITICAL ISSUES Challenging the mechanical stiffness of cells, for instance, by inflammatory mediators can lead to the development of endothelial dysfunction. Prevention of sustained stiffening of the outer layer of endothelial cells in turn improves endothelial function. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The mechanical properties of cells can be used as critical marker and test system for the proper function of the vascular system. Pharmacological substances, which are able to improve endothelial nanomechanics and function, could take a new importance in the prevention and treatment of vascular diseases. Thus, detailed knowledge acquisition about the structure/function relationship of endothelial cells and the underlying signaling pathways should be promoted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Fels
- Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ogola BO, Zimmerman MA, Clark GL, Abshire CM, Gentry KM, Miller KS, Lindsey SH. New insights into arterial stiffening: does sex matter? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H1073-H1087. [PMID: 30028199 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00132.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses sexual dimorphism in arterial stiffening, disease pathology interactions, and the influence of sex on mechanisms and pathways. Arterial stiffness predicts cardiovascular mortality independent of blood pressure. Patients with increased arterial stiffness have a 48% higher risk for developing cardiovascular disease. Like other cardiovascular pathologies, arterial stiffness is sexually dimorphic. Young women have lower stiffness than aged-matched men, but this sex difference reverses during normal aging. Estrogen therapy does not attenuate progressive stiffening in postmenopausal women, indicating that currently prescribed drugs do not confer protection. Although remodeling of large arteries is a protective adaptation to higher wall stress, arterial stiffening increases afterload to the left ventricle and transmits higher pulsatile pressure to smaller arteries and target organs. Moreover, an increase in aortic stiffness may precede or exacerbate hypertension, particularly during aging. Additional studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which females are protected from arterial stiffness to provide insight into its mechanisms and, ultimately, therapeutic targets for treating this pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benard O Ogola
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | - Gabrielle L Clark
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Caleb M Abshire
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Kaylee M Gentry
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Kristin S Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Sarah H Lindsey
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Mohammadkarim A, Tabatabaei M, Parandakh A, Mokhtari-Dizaji M, Tafazzoli-Shadpour M, Khani MM. Radiation therapy affects the mechanical behavior of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 85:188-193. [PMID: 29908486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy has been widely utilized as an effective method to eliminate malignant tumors and cancerous cells. However, subjection of healthy tissues and the related networks of blood vessels adjacent to the tumor area to irradiation is inevitable. The aim of this study was to investigate the consequent effects of fractionation radiotherapy on the mechanical characteristics of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) through alterations in cytoskeleton organization and cell and nucleus morphology. In order to simulate the clinical condition of radiotherapy, the HUVECs were exposed to the specific dose of 2 Gy for 1-4 times among four groups with incremental total dose from 2 Gy up to 8 Gy. Fluorescence staining was performed to label F-actin filaments and nuclei. Micropipette aspiration and standard linear solid model were employed to evaluate the elastic and viscoelastic characteristics of the HUVECs. Radiotherapy significantly increased cell elastic moduli. Due to irradiation, instantaneous and equilibrium Young's modulus were also increased. Radiotherapy diminished HUVECs viscoelastic behavior and shifted their creep compliance curves downward. Furthermore, gamma irradiation elevated the nuclei sizes and to a lesser extent the cells sizes resulting in the accumulation of F-actin filaments within the rest of cell body. Endothelial stiffening correlates with endothelial dysfunction, hence the results may be helpful when the consequent effects of radiotherapy are the focus of concern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Mohammadkarim
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Tabatabaei
- Cardiovascular Engineering Lab, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azim Parandakh
- Cardiovascular Engineering Lab, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manijhe Mokhtari-Dizaji
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Tafazzoli-Shadpour
- Cardiovascular Engineering Lab, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Mehdi Khani
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Merna N, Wong AK, Barahona V, Llanos P, Kunar B, Palikuqi B, Ginsberg M, Rafii S, Rabbany SY. Laminar shear stress modulates endothelial luminal surface stiffness in a tissue-specific manner. Microcirculation 2018; 25:e12455. [PMID: 29665185 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endothelial cells form vascular beds in all organs and are exposed to a range of mechanical forces that regulate cellular phenotype. We sought to determine the role of endothelial luminal surface stiffness in tissue-specific mechanotransduction of laminar shear stress in microvascular mouse cells and the role of arachidonic acid in mediating this response. METHODS Microvascular mouse endothelial cells were subjected to laminar shear stress at 4 dynes/cm2 for 12 hours in parallel plate flow chambers that enabled real-time optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy measurements of cell stiffness. RESULTS Lung endothelial cells aligned parallel to flow, while cardiac endothelial cells did not. This rapid alignment was accompanied by increased cell stiffness. The addition of arachidonic acid to cardiac endothelial cells increased alignment and stiffness in response to shear stress. Inhibition of arachidonic acid in lung endothelial cells and embryonic stem cell-derived endothelial cells prevented cellular alignment and decreased cell stiffness. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that increased endothelial luminal surface stiffness in microvascular cells may facilitate mechanotransduction and alignment in response to laminar shear stress. Furthermore, the arachidonic acid pathway may mediate this tissue-specific process. An improved understanding of this response will aid in the treatment of organ-specific vascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nick Merna
- Bioengineering Program, Fred DeMatteis School of Engineering and Applied Science, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Andrew K Wong
- Bioengineering Program, Fred DeMatteis School of Engineering and Applied Science, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Victor Barahona
- Bioengineering Program, Fred DeMatteis School of Engineering and Applied Science, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Pierre Llanos
- Bioengineering Program, Fred DeMatteis School of Engineering and Applied Science, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Balvir Kunar
- Department of Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brisa Palikuqi
- Department of Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Shahin Rafii
- Department of Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sina Y Rabbany
- Bioengineering Program, Fred DeMatteis School of Engineering and Applied Science, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kolodziejczyk A, Jakubowska A, Kucinska M, Wasiak T, Komorowski P, Makowski K, Walkowiak B. Sensing of silver nanoparticles on/in endothelial cells using atomic force spectroscopy. J Mol Recognit 2018; 31:e2723. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Magdalena Kucinska
- Nanomaterial Structural Research Laboratory, Bionanopark Ltd; Łódź Poland
| | - Tomasz Wasiak
- Department of Molecular Biology; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduated Training, Medical University of Lodz; Łódź Poland
| | - Piotr Komorowski
- Molecular and Nanostructural Biophysics Laboratory, Bionanopark Ltd; Łódź Poland
- Division of Biophysics; Institute of Materials Science, Lodz University of Technology; Łódź Poland
| | - Krzysztof Makowski
- Division of Biophysics; Institute of Materials Science, Lodz University of Technology; Łódź Poland
- Industrial Biotechnology Laboratory, Bionanopark Ldt.; Łódź Poland
| | - Bogdan Walkowiak
- Molecular and Nanostructural Biophysics Laboratory, Bionanopark Ltd; Łódź Poland
- Division of Biophysics; Institute of Materials Science, Lodz University of Technology; Łódź Poland
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cheng MJ, Prabakaran P, Kumar R, Sridhar S, Ebong EE. Synthesis of Functionalized 10-nm Polymer-coated Gold Particles for Endothelium Targeting and Drug Delivery. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29364277 PMCID: PMC5908643 DOI: 10.3791/56760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been used extensively in medical research due to their size, biocompatibility, and modifiable surface. Specific targeting and drug delivery are some of the applications of these AuNPs, but endothelial extracellular matrices' defensive properties hamper particle uptake. To address this issue, we describe a synthesis method for ultrasmall gold nanoparticles to improve vascular delivery, with customizable functional groups and polymer lengths for further adjustments. The protocol yields 2.5 nm AuNPs that are capped with tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC). The replacement of THPC with hetero-functional polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the surface of the AuNP increases the hydrodynamic radius to 10.5 nm while providing various functional groups on the surface. The last part of the protocol includes an optional addition of a fluorophore to allow the AuNPs to be visualized under fluorescence to track nanoparticle uptake. Dialysis and lyophilization were used to purify and isolate the AuNPs. These fluorescent nanoparticles can be visualized in both in vitro and in vivo experiments due to the biocompatible PEG coating and fluorescent probes. Additionally, the size range of these nanoparticles render them an ideal candidate for probing the glycocalyx without disrupting normal vasculature function, which may lead to improved delivery and therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming J Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University
| | | | - Rajiv Kumar
- Nanomedicine Science and Technology Center, Northeastern University; Department of Physics, Northeastern University
| | - Srinivas Sridhar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University; Nanomedicine Science and Technology Center, Northeastern University; Department of Physics, Northeastern University
| | - Eno E Ebong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University; Departments of Bioengineering, Northeastern University; Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine;
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
The Role of Endothelial Surface Glycocalyx in Mechanosensing and Transduction. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1097:1-27. [PMID: 30315537 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-96445-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The endothelial cells (ECs) forming the inner wall of every blood vessel are constantly exposed to the mechanical forces generated by blood flow. The EC responses to these hemodynamic forces play a critical role in the homeostasis of the circulatory system. A variety of mechanosensors and transducers, locating on the EC surface, intra- and trans-EC membrane, and within the EC cytoskeleton, have thus been identified to ensure proper functions of ECs. Among them, the most recent candidate is the endothelial surface glycocalyx (ESG), which is a matrix-like thin layer covering the luminal surface of the EC. It consists of various proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, and plasma proteins and is close to other prominent EC mechanosensors and transducers. This chapter summarizes the ESG composition, thickness, and structure observed by different labeling and visualization techniques and in different types of vessels. It also presents the literature in determining the ESG mechanical properties by atomic force microscopy and optical tweezers. The molecular mechanisms by which the ESG plays the role in EC mechanosensing and transduction are described as well as the ESG remodeling by shear stress, the actin cytoskeleton, the membrane rafts, the angiogenic factors, and the sphingosine-1-phosphate.
Collapse
|
41
|
Prystopiuk V, Fels B, Simon CS, Liashkovich I, Pasrednik D, Kronlage C, Wedlich-Söldner R, Oberleithner H, Fels J. A two-phase response of endothelial cells to hydrostatic pressure. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.206920. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.206920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelium is exposed to three types of mechanical forces: blood flow-mediated shear stress, vessel-diameter dependent wall tension and hydrostatic pressure. Despite considerable variations of blood pressure in normal and pathological physiology, little is known about the acute molecular and cellular effects of hydrostatic pressure on endothelial cells. Here, we used a combination of quantitative fluorescence microscopy, atomic force microscopy and molecular perturbations to characterize the specific response of endothelial cells to pressure application. We identified a two-phase response of endothelial cells to acute (1 h) vs. chronic (24 h) pressure application (100 mmHg). While both regimes induce cortical stiffening, the acute response is linked to calcium-mediated myosin activation, whereas the chronic cell response is dominated by increased cortical actin density and a loss in endothelial barrier function. GsMTx-4 and amiloride inhibit the acute pressure response, which suggest the sodium channel ENaC as key player in endothelial pressure sensing. The described two-phase pressure response may participate in the differential effects of transient changes in blood pressure and hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Prystopiuk
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
- current address: Institute of Life Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.06, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
| | - Benedikt Fels
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Caroline Sophie Simon
- Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ivan Liashkovich
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Dzmitry Pasrednik
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Cornelius Kronlage
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Roland Wedlich-Söldner
- Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans Oberleithner
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Fels
- Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Leukocytes Breach Endothelial Barriers by Insertion of Nuclear Lobes and Disassembly of Endothelial Actin Filaments. Cell Rep 2017; 18:685-699. [PMID: 28099847 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelial cytoskeleton is a barrier for leukocyte transendothelial migration (TEM). Mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocytes generate gaps of similar micron-scale size when squeezing through inflamed endothelial barriers in vitro and in vivo. To elucidate how leukocytes squeeze through these barriers, we co-tracked the endothelial actin filaments and leukocyte nuclei in real time. Nuclear squeezing involved either preexistent or de novo-generated lobes inserted into the leukocyte lamellipodia. Leukocyte nuclei reversibly bent the endothelial actin stress fibers. Surprisingly, formation of both paracellular gaps and transcellular pores by squeezing leukocytes did not require Rho kinase or myosin II-mediated endothelial contractility. Electron-microscopic analysis suggested that nuclear squeezing displaced without condensing the endothelial actin filaments. Blocking endothelial actin turnover abolished leukocyte nuclear squeezing, whereas increasing actin filament density did not. We propose that leukocyte nuclei must disassemble the thin endothelial actin filaments interlaced between endothelial stress fibers in order to complete TEM.
Collapse
|
43
|
Kolodziejczyk AM, Targosz-Korecka M, Szymonski M. Nanomechanical testing of drug activities at the cellular level: Case study for endothelium-targeted drugs. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:1165-1172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
44
|
Aroor AR, Jia G, Sowers JR. Cellular mechanisms underlying obesity-induced arterial stiffness. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 314:R387-R398. [PMID: 29167167 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00235.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is an emerging pandemic driven by consumption of a diet rich in fat and highly refined carbohydrates (a Western diet) and a sedentary lifestyle in both children and adults. There is mounting evidence that arterial stiffness in obesity is an independent and strong predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cognitive functional decline, and chronic kidney disease. Cardiovascular stiffness is a precursor to atherosclerosis, systolic hypertension, cardiac diastolic dysfunction, and impairment of coronary and cerebral flow. Moreover, premenopausal women lose the CVD protection normally afforded to them in the setting of obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes, and this loss of CVD protection is inextricably linked to an increased propensity for arterial stiffness. Stiffness of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, extracellular matrix remodeling, perivascular adipose tissue inflammation, and immune cell dysfunction contribute to the development of arterial stiffness in obesity. Enhanced endothelial cortical stiffness decreases endothelial generation of nitric oxide, and increased oxidative stress promotes destruction of nitric oxide. Our research over the past 5 years has underscored an important role of increased aldosterone and vascular mineralocorticoid receptor activation in driving development of cardiovascular stiffness, especially in females consuming a Western diet. In this review the cellular mechanisms of obesity-associated arterial stiffness are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annayya R Aroor
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine , Columbia, Missouri.,Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital , Columbia, Missouri
| | - Guanghong Jia
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine , Columbia, Missouri.,Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital , Columbia, Missouri
| | - James R Sowers
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine , Columbia, Missouri.,Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine , Columbia, Missouri.,Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital , Columbia, Missouri.,Dalton Cardiovascular Center Columbia , Columbia, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mitra R, O'Neil GL, Harding IC, Cheng MJ, Mensah SA, Ebong EE. Glycocalyx in Atherosclerosis-Relevant Endothelium Function and as a Therapeutic Target. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2017; 19:63. [PMID: 29127504 PMCID: PMC5681608 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-017-0691-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The cell surface-attached extracellular glycocalyx (GCX) layer is a major contributor to endothelial cell (EC) function and EC-dependent vascular health and is a first line of defense against vascular diseases including atherosclerosis. Here, we highlight our findings regarding three GCX-dependent EC functions, which are altered when GCX is shed and in atherosclerosis. We discuss why the GCX is a viable option for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. Recent Findings GCX regulated EC activities such as barrier and filtration function, active cell-to-cell communication, and vascular tone mediation contribute to function of the entire vascular wall. Atheroprone vessel regions, including bifurcation sites, exhibit breakdown in GCX. This GCX degradation allows increased lipid flux and thereby promotes lipid deposition in the vessel walls, a hallmark of atherosclerosis. GCX degradation also alters EC-to-EC communication while increasing EC-to-inflammatory cell interactions that enable inflammatory cells to migrate into the vessel wall. Inflammatory macrophages and foam cells, to be specific, appear in early stages of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, GCX degradation deregulates vascular tone, by causing ECs to reduce their expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) which produces the vasodilator, nitric oxide. Loss of vasodilation supports vasoconstriction, which promotes the progression of atherosclerosis. Summary Common medicinal atherosclerosis therapies include lipid lowering and anti-platelet therapies. None of these treatments specifically target the endothelial GCX, although the GCX is at the front-line in atherosclerosis combat. This review demonstrates the viability of targeting the GCX therapeutically, to support proper EC functionality and prevent and/or treat atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronodeep Mitra
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Ming Jie Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue 313 Snell Engineering Building, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Eno Essien Ebong
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue 313 Snell Engineering Building, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Aroor AR, Jia G, Habibi J, Sun Z, Ramirez-Perez FI, Brady B, Chen D, Martinez-Lemus LA, Manrique C, Nistala R, Whaley-Connell AT, Demarco VG, Meininger GA, Sowers JR. Uric acid promotes vascular stiffness, maladaptive inflammatory responses and proteinuria in western diet fed mice. Metabolism 2017; 74:32-40. [PMID: 28764846 PMCID: PMC5577816 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aortic vascular stiffness has been implicated in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in obese individuals. However, the mechanism promoting these adverse effects are unclear. In this context, promotion of obesity through consumption of a western diet (WD) high in fat and fructose leads to excess circulating uric acid. There is accumulating data implicating elevated uric acid in the promotion of CVD and CKD. Accordingly, we hypothesized that xanthine oxidase(XO) inhibition with allopurinol would prevent a rise in vascular stiffness and proteinuria in a translationally relevant model of WD-induced obesity. MATERIALS/METHODS Four-week-old C57BL6/J male mice were fed a WD with excess fat (46%) and fructose (17.5%) with or without allopurinol (125mg/L in drinking water) for 16weeks. Aortic endothelial and extracellular matrix/vascular smooth muscle stiffness was evaluated by atomic force microscopy. Aortic XO activity, 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) and aortic endothelial sodium channel (EnNaC) expression were evaluated along with aortic expression of inflammatory markers. In the kidney, expression of toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) and fibronectin were assessed along with evaluation of proteinuria. RESULTS XO inhibition significantly attenuated WD-induced increases in plasma uric acid, vascular XO activity and oxidative stress, in concert with reductions in proteinuria. Further, XO inhibition prevented WD-induced increases in aortic EnNaC expression and associated endothelial and subendothelial stiffness. XO inhibition also reduced vascular pro-inflammatory and maladaptive immune responses induced by consumption of a WD. XO inhibition also decreased WD-induced increases in renal TLR4 and fibronectin that associated proteinuria. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of a WD leads to elevations in plasma uric acid, increased vascular XO activity, oxidative stress, vascular stiffness, and proteinuria all of which are attenuated with allopurinol administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annayya R Aroor
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri Columbia, School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
| | - Guanghong Jia
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri Columbia, School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Javad Habibi
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri Columbia, School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Zhe Sun
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Francisco I Ramirez-Perez
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Barron Brady
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri Columbia, School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Dongqing Chen
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri Columbia, School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri Columbia, School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Camila Manrique
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri Columbia, School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Ravi Nistala
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri Columbia, School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri Columbia, School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Adam T Whaley-Connell
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri Columbia, School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri Columbia, School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Vincent G Demarco
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri Columbia, School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri Columbia, School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Gerald A Meininger
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri Columbia, School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri Columbia, School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri Columbia, School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Hu M, Chang H, Zhang H, Wang J, Lei WX, Li BC, Ren KF, Ji J. Mechanical Adaptability of the MMP-Responsive Film Improves the Functionality of Endothelial Cell Monolayer. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28474486 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201601410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix and cells are inherent in coordinating and adapting to each other during all physiological and pathological processes. Synthetic materials, however, show rarely reciprocal and spatiotemporal responses to cells, and lacking self-adapting properties as well. Here, a mechanical adaptability based on the matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) sensitive polyelectrolyte film is reported. Poly-lysine (PLL) and methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HA-MA) nanolayers are employed to build the thin film through the layer-by-layer assembly, and it is further crosslinked using MMP sensitive peptides, which endows the films with changeable mechanical properties in response to MMPs. It is demonstrated that stiffness of the (PLL/HA-MA) films increases with the crosslinking, and then decreases in response to a treatment of enzyme. Consequently, the crosslinked (PLL/HA-MA) films reveal effective growth of endothelial cells (ECs), leading to fast formation of EC monolayer. Importantly, significantly improved endothelial function of the EC monolayer, which is characterized by integrity, biomolecules release, expression of function related gene, and antithrombotic properties, is achieved along with the decrosslinking of the film because of EC-secreted MMPs. These results suggest that mechanical adaptability of substrate in Young's modulus plays a significant role in endothelial progression, which shows great application potential in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and organ-on-a-chip.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Hao Chang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - He Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Jing Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Wen-xi Lei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Bo-chao Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Ke-feng Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Schierke F, Wyrwoll MJ, Wisdorf M, Niedzielski L, Maase M, Ruck T, Meuth SG, Kusche-Vihrog K. Nanomechanics of the endothelial glycocalyx contribute to Na +-induced vascular inflammation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46476. [PMID: 28406245 PMCID: PMC5390251 DOI: 10.1038/srep46476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High dietary salt (NaCl) is a known risk factor for cardiovascular pathologies and inflammation. High plasma Na+ concentrations (high Na+) have been shown to stiffen the endothelial cortex and decrease nitric oxide (NO) release, a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction. Here we report that chronic high Na+ damages the endothelial glycocalyx (eGC), induces release of inflammatory cytokines from the endothelium and promotes monocyte adhesion. Single cell force spectroscopy reveals that high Na+ enhances vascular adhesion protein-1 (VCAM-1)-dependent adhesion forces between monocytes and endothelial surface, giving rise to increased numbers of adherent monocytes on the endothelial surface. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism with spironolactone prevents high Na+-induced eGC deterioration, decreases monocyte-endothelium interactions, and restores endothelial function, indicated by increased release of NO. Whereas high Na+ decreases NO release, it induces endothelial release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1ß and TNFα. However, in contrast to chronic salt load (hours), in vivo and in vitro, an acute salt challenge (minutes) does not impair eGC function. This study identifies the eGC as important mediator of inflammatory processes and might further explain how dietary salt contributes to endothelialitis and cardiovascular pathologies by linking endothelial nanomechanics with vascular inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schierke
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Margot J Wyrwoll
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Wisdorf
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Leon Niedzielski
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Martina Maase
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Ruck
- Department of Neurology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sarna M, Olchawa M, Zadlo A, Wnuk D, Sarna T. The nanomechanical role of melanin granules in the retinal pigment epithelium. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 13:801-807. [PMID: 27979745 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanomechanical properties of cells and tissues, in particular their elasticity, play an important role in different physiological and pathological processes. Recently, we have demonstrated that melanin granules dramatically modify nanomechanical properties of melanoma cells making them very stiff and, as a result, less aggressive. Although the mechanical effect of melanin granules was demonstrated in pathological cells, it was never studied in the case of normal cells. In this work, we analyzed the impact of melanin granules on nanomechanical properties of primary retinal pigment epithelium tissue fragments isolated from porcine eyes. The obtained results clearly show that melanin granules are responsible for the exceptional nanomechanical properties of the tissue. Our findings suggest that melanin granules in the retinal pigment epithelium may play an important role in sustaining the stiffness of this single cell layer, which functions as a natural mechanical barrier separating the retina from the choroid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Sarna
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Poland; Laboratory of Imaging and Atomic Force Spectroscopy, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Olchawa
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Poland
| | - Andrzej Zadlo
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Poland
| | - Dawid Wnuk
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Sarna
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Cheng MJ, Kumar R, Sridhar S, Webster TJ, Ebong EE. Endothelial glycocalyx conditions influence nanoparticle uptake for passive targeting. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:3305-15. [PMID: 27499624 PMCID: PMC4959595 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s106299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are facilitated by endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction and coincide with EC glycocalyx coat shedding. These diseases may be prevented by delivering medications to affected vascular regions using circulating nanoparticle (NP) drug carriers. The objective of the present study was to observe how the delivery of 10 nm polyethylene glycol-coated gold NPs (PEG-AuNP) to ECs is impacted by glycocalyx structure on the EC surface. Rat fat pad endothelial cells were chosen for their robust glycocalyx, verified by fluorescent immunolabeling of adsorbed albumin and integrated heparan sulfate (HS) chains. Confocal fluorescent imaging revealed a ~3 µm thick glycocalyx layer, covering 75% of the ECs and containing abundant HS. This healthy glycocalyx hindered the uptake of PEG-AuNP as expected because glycocalyx pores are typically 7 nm wide. Additional glycocalyx models tested included: a collapsed glycocalyx obtained by culturing cells in reduced protein media, a degraded glycocalyx obtained by applying heparinase III enzyme to specifically cleave HS, and a recovered glycocalyx obtained by supplementing exogenous HS into the media after enzyme degradation. The collapsed glycocalyx waŝ2 µm thick with unchanged EC coverage and sustained HS content. The degraded glycocalyx showed similar changes in EC thickness and coverage but its HS thickness was reduced to 0.7 µm and spanned only 10% of the original EC surface. Both dysfunctional models retained six- to sevenfold more PEG-AuNP compared to the healthy glycocalyx. The collapsed glycocalyx permitted NPs to cross the glycocalyx into intracellular spaces, whereas the degraded glycocalyx trapped the PEG-AuNP within the glycocalyx. The repaired glycocalyx model partially restored HS thickness to 1.2 µm and 44% coverage of the ECs, but it was able to reverse the NP uptake back to baseline levels. In summary, this study showed that the glycocalyx structure is critical for NP uptake by ECs and may serve as a passive pathway for delivering NPs to dysfunctional ECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University
| | - Srinivas Sridhar
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|